Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. Eric Lease Morgan May 27, 2019 Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 22 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 165628 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Mr. 9 Dr. 8 Journal 8 England 8 America 7 Society 7 Sir 7 Lyell 6 South 6 Origin 6 Natural 5 Wallace 5 Roy 5 October 5 New 5 London 5 Hooker 5 Europe 5 Beagle 5 April 4 plant 4 Species 4 September 4 Review 4 Professor 4 Prof. 4 November 4 North 4 Man 4 July 4 J.D. 4 Huxley 4 Gray 4 Darwin 3 man 3 St. 3 Selection 3 March 3 Islands 3 Indians 3 Henslow 3 Fitz 3 February 3 Charles 3 Captain 3 Cambridge 3 Australia 3 Africa 2 water 2 specie Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 4665 specie 4358 man 4236 case 3935 part 3560 plant 3533 time 3415 animal 2942 p. 2783 male 2736 page 2685 letter 2493 fact 2493 day 2299 bird 2297 year 2297 work 2291 water 2042 female 2018 character 1961 form 1855 number 1831 book 1820 leave 1790 colour 1760 point 1744 view 1737 life 1729 one 1722 subject 1637 difference 1606 sex 1564 selection 1539 side 1511 gland 1462 island 1450 country 1439 manner 1434 variety 1423 condition 1411 paper 1347 power 1295 flower 1277 period 1264 effect 1240 tentacle 1240 kind 1203 variation 1189 father 1177 seed 1170 change Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 13175 _ 3866 Mr. 3348 i. 2729 ii 2132 Darwin 1446 Dr. 1263 Origin 1242 Sir 1218 . 1109 DARWIN 1023 vol 931 Hooker 919 America 911 Lyell 828 C. 784 LETTER 735 CHARLES 730 Society 669 Natural 606 Journal 591 S. 587 Drosera 583 Professor 575 J. 563 England 561 Huxley 547 South 516 Soc 501 J.D. 497 Wallace 491 London 467 New 460 Prof. 450 Species 440 Selection 440 Beagle 437 St. 430 April 424 de 423 Gray 420 c. 411 Roy 411 November 410 July 409 Islands 400 Captain 397 M. 395 II 387 Indians 385 pp Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 33918 i 18394 it 9237 you 9161 he 7515 me 6957 we 6801 they 2727 them 2167 him 884 us 734 myself 522 himself 482 she 448 itself 420 one 408 yours 378 themselves 275 her 191 yourself 59 ourselves 47 mine 27 his 16 ours 15 oneself 14 herself 7 ii 6 hooker,--i 4 theirs 4 > 3 p.s.--you 3 je 3 hooker:-- 2 view:-- 2 state;--as 2 my 2 fertility 2 1860):-- 2 1842):-- 1 à 1 us:-- 1 thyself 1 them>,--they 1 them,--you 1 thee 1 survive{233 1 rule:--there 1 ne 1 man{229 1 it:-- 1 inn Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 82380 be 31310 have 6887 do 6095 see 3934 give 3877 think 3601 make 3321 say 3046 find 2980 know 2416 seem 2395 write 2227 become 2194 believe 2160 take 2132 appear 1797 show 1671 go 1640 come 1614 read 1596 form 1500 produce 1448 hear 1408 follow 1330 publish 1299 send 1220 tell 1200 feel 1190 leave 1159 look 1136 call 1118 place 1107 suppose 1095 get 1084 occur 1079 use 1040 observe 1025 bear 950 keep 939 differ 934 consider 932 live 930 cross 898 cause 869 receive 867 describe 845 lead 823 pass 800 grow 788 remain Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 14706 not 6317 very 6040 more 5993 so 5614 other 5106 much 4481 same 4296 great 3913 many 3893 most 3413 only 3267 as 3178 long 3157 well 2962 first 2900 little 2702 now 2594 such 2582 good 2331 large 2185 few 2179 small 2145 even 2071 up 2067 thus 2032 several 2019 then 1964 far 1864 down 1856 also 1801 here 1793 out 1742 different 1725 certain 1724 often 1707 almost 1693 quite 1689 old 1686 never 1566 low 1480 whole 1461 less 1451 new 1422 however 1403 common 1392 young 1387 high 1313 rather 1290 nearly 1288 generally Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 823 most 665 least 485 good 299 great 241 high 136 low 132 large 120 near 105 small 94 strong 93 early 88 Most 61 slight 56 fine 49 bad 42 common 41 old 37 long 36 fit 36 close 32 simple 30 wide 25 late 25 deep 23 manif 21 eld 20 weak 18 grand 17 clear 15 plain 15 hard 14 warm 14 strange 14 rude 14 rich 14 bright 13 short 12 tall 11 rare 10 heavy 10 handsome 10 brief 9 odd 9 lofty 9 kind 9 full 8 keen 8 broad 8 able 7 safe Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3070 most 139 least 134 well 7 long 4 highest 3 worst 2 p.s.--please 2 innermost 2 foolish;--the 2 farthest 2 early 2 close 1 soon 1 newest 1 lowest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 www.gutenberg.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38629/38629-h/38629-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38629/38629-h.zip Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128 _ see _ 28 leaves were then 10 case is very 9 leaves were also 9 leaves were not 8 case is not 8 leaves were closely 8 species were mutable 7 leaves did not 7 male is more 7 males are more 7 males are much 7 species are mutable 7 species are not 7 species do not 7 water does not 6 animals are more 6 birds do not 6 book is not 6 case is rather 6 darwin did not 6 fact is intelligible 6 fact is not 6 female does not 6 leaves do not 6 leaves were now 6 species have not 6 work is not 5 _ is not 5 animal does not 5 animals do not 5 book was not 5 case is different 5 female is more 5 leaves were greatly 5 leaves were next 5 male is generally 5 males are generally 5 plants do not 5 water did not 5 water is only 5 work was worth 4 animals are so 4 birds are brilliantly 4 birds are common 4 case is much 4 case is remarkable 4 character being present 4 character is common 4 colours do not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 fact is not more 2 animals were not easily 2 bird has not space 2 birds are not unfrequently 2 book is no light 2 book is not more 2 book was not markedly 2 case is not peculiar 2 colour made no great 2 day was not far 2 day was not very 2 facts are not opposed 2 forms are not immutable 2 forms do not necessarily 2 man has no reason 2 men are not afraid 2 species are not numerous 2 water is not thus 2 work is not only 1 _ are not female 1 _ does not _ 1 _ is not accurately 1 _ is not at 1 _ shows no more 1 _ shows no special 1 _ was not due 1 animals feel no pity 1 animals have no doubt 1 animals is not surprising 1 animals were not able 1 bird do not at 1 birds are not common 1 birds do not commonly 1 birds do not so 1 birds were not albinos 1 book have not as 1 books published not long 1 case is not more 1 case is not strictly 1 case is not unique 1 case were not much 1 cases are not opposed 1 cases are not very 1 cases have no necessary 1 cases have no weight 1 coloured had not often 1 colours are not visible 1 darwin does no such 1 darwin had no opportunity 1 darwin had no taste Sizes of items; "Measures in words, how big is each item?" ---------------------------------------------------------- 311799 2300 225132 28897 215725 3704 213152 2740 208237 944 198292 2739 195839 2087 185967 2088 160969 5765 151086 38629 133127 31558 92591 22728 22822 2010 4048 2354 24923 4346 3620 2690 3807 2872 2871 3054 Readability of items; "How difficult is each item to read?" ----------------------------------------------------------- 78.0 2740 76.0 2088 76.0 2739 75.0 3704 74.0 2087 74.0 38629 72.0 944 72.0 5765 70.0 28897 70.0 31558 69.0 2300 68.0 22728 68.0 2010 63.0 2354 24923 4346 3620 2690 3807 2872 2871 3054 Item summaries; "In a narrative form, how can each item be abstracted?" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2010 and attended Mr. Case''s chapel, and my father as a little boy went there Once as a very little boy whilst at the day school, or before that time, insects with some little care, for when ten years old (1819) I went for Species.'' At this time I admired greatly the ''Zoonomia;'' but on reading interesting little discovery, and read, about the beginning of the year During these two years I also went a little into society, and acted as As I was not able to work all day at science, I read a good deal during into general society, and saw a good deal of several scientific men, and I worked steadily on this subject for the next eight years, and namely, that whenever a published fact, a new observation or thought my large books I spend a good deal of time over the general arrangement 2087 was beautifully written, and my father [Dr. R.W. Darwin] declared that he believed it was published because his old letters to Fox, using words such as "my dear good old brother." In later As I was not able to work all day at science, I read a good deal during my large books I spend a good deal of time over the general arrangement After he read his paper, came his time for writing letters. And now for the time--I think I shall go for a few days to town to hear think there is time to write and receive an answer before I start, as I time you have received my letter written next day, and I hope will send the above letter, "Hooker by far best man to edit my species volume. of Natural History, and seen good specific men work out my species, and 2088 receive, my weariful book on species, I naturally believe it mainly for thirty years read, write, and think, on the subject of species AND I write to thank you for your work on the ''Origin of Species.'' It came, [In a letter to Sir Charles Lyell reference is made to Sedgwick''s review I am glad you had a pleasant day with Hooker (In a letter to Sir J.D. Hooker (December 1861), my father wrote: "I am very glad to hear that of good books, and thinking of what she reads. [The following letter refers to Fritz Muller''s book, ''Fur Darwin,'' which Dr. Gray''s criticism on this point is as follows: "But in Mr. Darwin''s parallel, to meet the case of nature according to his own view [In the "Times" of the following day appeared a letter headed "Mr. Darwin and Vivisection," signed by Miss Frances Power Cobbe. 22728 THAT SPECIES ARE NATURALLY FORMED RACES, DESCENDED species be produced adapted by exquisite means to prey on one animal or authors probably breeds of dogs are another case of modified species selection on one species: even in case of a plant not capable of and in the case of plants from monstrous changes, that certain organs in species scarcely differ more than breeds of cattle, are probably ON THE VARIATION OF ORGANIC BEINGS IN A WILD STATE; ON THE NATURAL MEANS into a change from the natural conditions of the species [generally it, if species are only races produced by natural selection, that when organic beings in a state of nature; if changes of condition from selecting such individuals until a new race or species was formed. the number of different species on each island), a form transported from The races or new species supposed to be formed would be 2300 foregoing, the males and females of some animals differ in structures male differs greatly in colour from the female, as well as from the As the males and females of many animals differ somewhat in habits and The sexes do not generally differ much in colour, but the males are being widely different in the males and females of certain species, In most cases the males and females of distinct species that the males of some species differ widely in colour from the females, females; and yet, when the sexes differ, the males are almost always the the females in comparison with the males cannot be accounted for, as Mr. Wallace believes to be the case with birds, by the greater exposure of When the male differs in colour from the female, he generally exhibits differences of, with those of man; fighting of males for the females; 2354 AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN IN MAN AND APES in the structure of the brain in man and the apes, which arose some developed in apes'' as in human brains, or even better; and that it is gyri which appear upon the surface of the cerebral hemispheres in man brains of man, the orang, the chimpanzee, the gorilla, in spite of all characters, between the ape''s brain and man''s: nor any as to the the external perpendicular fissure of Gratiolet, in the human brain for chimpanzee''s brains resemble man''s, but in which they differ from the difference in the development of the brains of apes and that of the appearance of the sulci and gyri in the foetal human brain is in the posterior sulci appear before the anterior, in the brains of the temporal or frontal sulci, appear, the foetal brain of man presents 24923 2690 2739 Joseph Hooker, who has most generously given the original letters to Mr. Darwin''s family. February 4th: Began work on Man. February 10th: New edition of "Variation under Domestication." Read Natural History." See "Life and Letters," II., page 31.) I feel sure I be noted that these pages were written before the appearance of Mr. Darwin''s book on ''The Origin of Species''--a work which has effected a of such cases, says ("On the Nature of Limbs," pages 39, 40), ''I think "Review of Darwin''s Theory on the Origin of Species by means of Natural A passage from Agassiz''s review is given by Mr. Huxley in Darwin''s "Life and Letters," II., page 184.), but I hope to "Man''s Place in Nature," page 110, note, Huxley remarks: "Surely it is in "Life and Letters," Volume II., page 25, but not, we think in the 2740 This letter is in reply to Mr. Darwin''s criticisms on Mr. Wallace''s "Island Life," 1880.) "Animals and Plants," Edition II., Volume I., page 306.) I am very glad (page 14), he published a letter to Mr. Darwin in which he speaks of the The pages refer to Darwin''s "Geological Observations on the "Origin," Edition V., 1869, page 451, Darwin discusses Croll''s theory, page 178, 1880) Mackintosh mentions a letter received from Darwin, "who It is an interesting fact that Darwin''s work on climbing plants and Letters," III., page 279.) Judging from a long review in the "Bot. Zeitung", and from what I know of some the plants, I believe Delpino''s Plants," Volume I., page 348, Darwin added, with respect to the rarity The following five letters refer to Darwin''s work on "bloom"--a 1887; see also Darwin''s "Life and Letters," I., pages 355, 356, 362, 363.) 2871 2872 28897 ANIMALS AND PLANTS--REVERSION IN CROSSED VARIETIES AND SPECIES--REVERSION INDIVIDUAL ANIMALS--STERILITY OF PLANTS FROM CHANGED CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENCE IN FERTILITY BETWEEN CROSSED SPECIES AND VARIETIES--CONCLUSIONS SELECTION--INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT BREEDERS ON THE SAME SUB-VARIETY--PLANTS varieties have probably in some cases run wild, and their crossing alone when they crossed certain breeds, pigeons coloured like the wild _C. distinct evidence that the crossing of differently-coloured varieties well with the converse case of domesticated animals and cultivated plants When fowls, pigeons, or cattle of different colours are crossed, cases, in which the breed has not been crossed, but some ancient character species (and conversely with the white-flowered variety), when crossed crossing of the differently coloured varieties of the same species, is PLANTS--STERILITY OF CROSSED SPECIES DUE TO DIFFERENCES CONFINED TO THE In some few cases varieties tend to keep distinct, by breeding at different plants crossed species should have been rendered sterile by a different 3054 31558 internal basal rim; upper angle little acuminated; the occludent margins _Peduncle_, generally about as long as the capitulum; in young specimens specimens, having a capitulum only half an inch long, the upper pair of lateral marginal spines on the posterior cirri rather long; caudal Valves 5; carina with the basal end produced into a small imbedded disc; Spines on the upper segments of the posterior cirri, arranged in three lateral marginal spines unusually large and long, so as to form, with valve; the basal segment is about half as long and narrower than the specimen, was 2/10ths of an inch in length; peduncle narrow, close under _Capitulum_ formed of 13 valves; namely, two scuta, two terga, a carina hinder margin; end segment, with two long spines on the upper _exterior_ hinder margin; end segment, with two long spines on the upper _inner_ row of short spines round the upper edge of each segment, with a little, 3620 3704 different islands--Tameness of the birds--Fear of man an passed through great bands of muddy water, exactly like that of a the land, I have seen narrow lines of water of a bright red colour, mile, and was like the rushing of a great body of water. water like a great shoal of some amphibious animal. of the country, or to the numbers of large animals inhabiting it. rhea inhabits the country of La Plata as far as a little south of little remaining water nearly as salt as that of the sea. great numbers of birds, wild animals, cattle, and horses perished In deep water, far from the land, the number of living creatures is distance be ever so great, to be deposited near the sea-coast. near Port Pleasant, they appeared from a long distance like black rock from low-water mark to a great depth, both on the outer coast 3807 38629 By the time I went to this day-school[6] my taste for natural history, As I was not able to work all day at science, I read a good deal during my large books I spend a good deal of time over the general arrangement After he had read his paper, came his time for writing letters. study in which my father worked during the later years of his life, were thirty years read, write, and think, on the subject of species _and the above letter, "Hooker by far best man to edit my species volume. Natural History, and seen good specific men work out my species, and MY DEAR DARWIN,--I write to thank you for your work on the _Origin of work has led the present writer to believe that the _Origin of Species_ In the _Times_ of the following day appeared a letter headed "Mr. Darwin 4346 5765 For when a leaf is placed in hot water or in certain acids, the glands water--Inflection of the exterior tentacles when their glands are water--Inflection of the exterior tentacles when their glands are matter, when placed on glands, often cause the tentacles to begin margins of very pale leaves immersed in a solution, that the glands as water does not cause any inflection: I suddenly placed four leaves, placed on the discs of two leaves; these caused very little inflection water, caused the leaves on which they were placed to be inflected very leaves cause the tentacles to be inflected and the glands to pour forth tentacles round the discs were a little inflected, with the glands on both leaves had all their tentacles closely inflected and the glands meat were then placed on the glands of many tentacles on both leaves. placed on the glands of seven tentacles on the [page 221] same leaf. 944 action stand either near sea-coasts or as islands in the midst of the Near Keeling Atoll, in the Indian Ocean, I observed many little masses colour of the water, as seen at some distance, was like that of a river land, I have seen narrow lines of water of a bright red colour, from mud-like water; these strips were some miles long, but only a few yards above the water like a great shoal of some amphibious animal. soon as the bird is seen flying, its whole appearance changes; the long little boy, riding like a Mazeppa on the white horse, thus leaving far Very great numbers of birds, wild animals, In deep water, far from the land, the number of living creatures is appeared from a long distance like black spots, whilst south of great shock took place at the time of low water; and an old woman who