Atropates - Wikipedia Atropates From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Painting of Atropates meeting with Alexander the Great. National Museum of History of Azerbaijan Atropates (Greek Aτρoπάτης, from Old Persian Aturpat "guardian of fire";[1] c. 370 BC – after 321 BC) was a Persian[2] nobleman who served Darius III, then Alexander the Great, and eventually founded an independent kingdom and dynasty that was named after him. Diodorus (18.4) refers to him as 'Atrapes', while Quintus Curtius (8.3.17) erroneously names him 'Arsaces'. Contents 1 Biography 2 Legacy 3 References 4 Bibliography 4.1 Ancient works 4.2 Modern works Biography[edit] Towards the end of the Achaemenid Empire, Atropates was governor (satrap) of the Achaemenid province of Media. In the decisive Battle of Gaugamela (October 331 BCE) between Darius and Alexander, Atropates commanded the Achaemenid troops of Media and Sacasene. Atropates was allocated the Hellenistic satrapy of Media, in the Partition of Babylon (323 BC) following Alexander's death. Following his defeat in that battle, Darius fled to the Median capital of Ecbatana, where Atropates gave him hospitality. Darius attempted to raise a new army but was forced to flee Ecbatana in June 330 BCE. After Darius' death a month later at the hands of Bessus, Atropates surrendered to Alexander.[1] Alexander initially chose Oxydates as satrap of Media, but in 328-327 BCE after a period of two years Alexander lost trust in Oxydates' loyalty, and Atropates was reinstated to his old position.[3] In 325-324, Atropates delivered Baryaxes (a sought-after rebel of the region) to Alexander while the latter was at Pasargadae. Alexander's esteem for the governor rose so high that soon afterwards Atropates' daughter was married to Alexander's confidant and cavalry commander Perdiccas at the famous mass wedding at Susa in February 324 BCE.[1] Later that year, Alexander visited Atropates in Ecbatana with his good friend and second-in-command Hephaestion, who fell ill and died in October 324 BCE. At this time, "[i]t was related by some authors, that Atropates on one occasion presented Alexander with a hundred women, said to be Amazons; but Arrian ([Anabasis] vii. 13) disbelieved the story."[4] Alexander himself died eight months later on June 10, 323 BCE, and Atropates' new son-in-law Perdiccas was named regent of Alexander's half-brother Philip III. Following the "Partition of Babylon" in 323 BCE, Media was divided into two parts: the greater portion in the south-east was to be governed by Peithon, a general of Perdiccas, while a smaller portion in the north west (principally around the Araxes River basin) was given to Atropates. At some point thereafter, Atropates refused to convey allegiance to the diadochi and made his part of Media an independent kingdom, while his son-in-law Perdiccas was eventually murdered by Peithon in the summer of 320 BCE. Legacy[edit] The dynasty Atropates founded would rule the kingdom for several centuries, at first either independently or as vassals of the Seleucids, then as vassals of the Arsacids, into whose house they are said[5] to have married. They became, however, the new House of Parthia through the marriage of the Arsacid heiress to the Atropatenid heir. The region that encompassed Atropates' kingdom come to be known to the Greeks as "Media Atropatene" after Atropates, and eventually simply "Atropatene". The Arsacids called it 'Aturpatakan' in Parthian, as did also the Sassanids who eventually succeeded them. Eventually Middle Iranian 'Aturpatakan' became 'Azerbaijan', whence, according to one etymological theory,[5][6] the modern nation of Azerbaijan and the Iranian province of Azerbaijan (which province is largely contiguous with the borders of ancient Atropatene) got their names; another theory traces the etymology from the ancient Persian words "Āzar" (Persian: آذر‎), meaning Fire, and "Pāyegān" (Persian: پایگان‎) meaning Guardian/Protector.[7] References[edit] ^ a b c Chaumont 1987, pp. 17–18. ^ Fredricksmeyer 2002, p. 92; Schippmann 1987, pp. 221–224; Roisman 2002, p. 187 ^ Roisman 2002, p. 189. ^ Smith, William, ed. (1867), "Atropates", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Boston ^ a b Schippmann 1987, pp. 221–224. ^ Houtsma, M. Th. (1993). First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936 (reprint ed.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09796-4. ^ de Planhol 1987, pp. 205–215. Bibliography[edit] Ancient works[edit] Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus. Strabo, Geographica. Modern works[edit] Boyce, Mary (2000). "Ganzak". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 3. pp. 289–290. Chaumont, M. L. (1987). "Atropates". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1. pp. 17–18. Fredricksmeyer, Ernst (2002). Bosworth, A. B.; Baynham, E. J. (eds.). Alexander the Great and the Kingship of Asia. Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–370. ISBN 9780199252756. de Planhol, X. (1987). "Azerbaijan i. Geography". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 2. pp. 205–215. Schippmann, K. (1987). "Azerbaijan iii. Pre-Islamic History". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 2. pp. 221–224. Roisman, Joseph (2002). Brill's Companion to Alexander the Great. London and New York: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–436. ISBN 9789004217553. v t e Rulers in the Achaemenid Empire Family tree - Achaemenid Kingdom Kings of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire Achaemenes Ariaramnes Arsames Teispes Cyrus I Cambyses I Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II) Cambyses II Smerdis Gaumata Darius the Great (Darius I) Xerxes the Great (Xerxes I) Artaxerxes I Xerxes II Sogdianus Darius II Artaxerxes II Mnemon Artaxerxes III Ochus Artaxerxes IV Arses Darius III Codomannus Artaxerxes V Bessus Satraps of Lydia Tabalus Mazares Harpagus Oroetus Bagaeus Otanes Artaphernes I Artaphernes II Pissuthnes Tissaphernes Cyrus the Younger Tissaphernes Tithraustes Tiribazus Struthas Autophradates Spithridates Satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia Mitrobates Megabazus Megabates Oebares II Artabazus I Pharnabazus I Pharnaces II Pharnabazus II Ariobarzanes Artabazus II Pharnabazus III Arsites Satraps of Cappadocia Datames Ariamnes I Mithrobuzanes Ariarathes I Greek Governors of Asia Minor cities Miltiades Demaratus Gongylos Eurysthenes Prokles Histiaeus Aristagoras Themistocles Archeptolis Aridolis Amyntas II Philiscus Dynasts of Lycia Kheziga Kybernis Kuprilli Harpagus Teththiweibi Kheriga Kherei Arbinas Artembares Artumpara Mithrapata Perikle Dynasts of Caria Lygdamis I Artemisia Pisindelis Lygdamis II Adusius (satrap) Hecatomnus Mausolus Artemisia II Idrieus Ada Pixodarus Orontobates Ada Kings of Macedonia Amyntas I of Macedon Alexander I of Macedon Kings of Tyre Mattan IV Boulomenus Abdemon Evagoras Eugoras Azemilcus Kings of Sidon Eshmunazar I Tabnit Queen Amoashtart Eshmunazar II Bodashtart Yatonmilk Anysos Tetramnestos Baalshillem I Baana Baalshillem II Abdashtart I Tennes Evagoras II Abdashtart II Abdashtart III Satraps of Armenia Artasyrus Orontes I Darius III Orontes II Satraps of Egypt Aryandes Pherendates Achaemenes Arsames Pherendates II Sabaces Mazaces Satraps of Bactria Hystaspes Dadarsi Masistes Bessus Satraps of Media Hydarnes Hydarnes II Atropates Satraps of Cilicia Syennesis Camisares Mazaeus Arsames Other known satraps Megabyzus, Abrocomas, Belesys (Syria) Ochus (Hyrcania) Satibarzanes (Aria) Atizyes (Greater Phrygia) Phrataphernes (Parthia) Ariobarzanes (Persis) Abulites (Susiana) Mazaeus (Babylon) In most territories, Achaemenid rulers were succeeded by Hellenistic satraps and Hellenistic rulers from around 330 BC v t e Hellenistic satraps Satraps under Alexander the Great (334-323 BC) Ada (Queen of Caria) Asander, Menander (Lydia) Calas, Demarchus (Hellespontine Phrygia) Antigonus (Greater Phrygia) Balakros, Menes (Cilicia) Abistamenes (Cappadocia) Abdalonymus (Sidon) Mithrenes (Armenia) Mazaeus, Stamenes (Babylon) Mazakes (Mesopotamia) Abulites (Susiana) Oxydates, Atropates (Media) Phrasaortes, Oxines, Peucestas (Persis) Cleomenes of Naucratis (Egypt) Satibarzanes (Aria) Sibyrtius (Carmania) Autophradates (Tapuri, Mardi) Andragoras (Parthia) Amminapes, Phrataphernes, Pharismanes (Hyrcania and Parthia) Artabazos, Cleitus the Black, Amyntas (Bactria) Oxyartes (Paropamisia) Philip, Eudemus (India) Peithon, son of Agenor (Gandhara) Taxiles (Punjab) Porus (Indus) Satraps at the Partition of Babylon (323 BC) Antipater (Macedon and Greece) Philo (Illyria) Lysimachus (Thrace) Leonnatus (Hellespontine Phrygia) Antigonus (Phrygia) Asander (Caria) Nearchus (Lycia and Pamphylia) Menander (Lydia) Philotas (Cilicia) Eumenes (Cappadocia and Paphlagonia) Ptolemy (Egypt) Laomedon of Mytilene (Syria) Neoptolemus (Armenia) Peucestas (Persis) Arcesilaus (Mesopotamia) Peithon (Greater Media) Atropates (Lesser Media) Scynus (Susiana) Tlepolemus (Persia) Nicanor (Parthia) Phrataphernes (Armenia, Parthia) Antigenes (Susiana) Archon (Pelasgia) Philip (Hyrcania) Stasanor (Aria and Drangiana) Sibyrtius (Arachosia and Gedrosia) Amyntas (Bactria) Scythaeus (Sogdiana) Oxyartes (Paropamisia) Taxiles (Punjab) Peithon, son of Agenor (Gandhara) Porus (Indus) Satraps at the Partition of Triparadisus (321 BC) Antipater (Macedon and Greece) Lysimachus (Thrace) Arrhidaeus (Hellespontine Phrygia) Antigonus (Phrygia, Lycia and Pamphylia) Cassander (Caria) Cleitus the White (Lydia) Philoxenus (Cilicia) Nicanor (Cappadocia and Paphlagonia) Ptolemy (Egypt) Laomedon of Mytilene (Syria) Peucestas (Persis) Amphimachus (Mesopotamia) Peithon (Media) Tlepolemus (Carmania) Philip (Parthia) Antigenes (Susiana) Seleucus (Babylonia) Stasanor (Bactria and Sogdiana) Stasander (Aria and Drangiana) Sibyrtius (Arachosia and Gedrosia) Oxyartes (Paropamisia) Taxiles (Punjab) Peithon, son of Agenor (Gandhara) Porus (Indus) Later Satraps Peithon, son of Agenor (Babylon) Sibyrtius (Arachosia, Drangiana) Eudemus (Indus) Bagadates, Ardakhshir I, Wahbarz, Vadfradad I, Vadfradad II, Alexander c.220 BC (Persis) Andragoras (Parthia) Demodamas (Bactria, Sogdiana) Diodotus (Bactria) Alexander (Lydia) Molon c.220 BC, Timarchus, c.175 BC (Media) Apollodorus (Susiana) Ptolemaeus (Commagene) Noumenios, Hyspaosines c.150 BC (Characene) Hellenistic satraps were preceded by Achaemenid rulers, and followed or ruled by Hellenistic rulers Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atropates&oldid=993602005" Categories: Satraps of the Alexandrian Empire Achaemenid satraps of Media Rulers of Media Atropatene 4th-century BC rulers Ancient Persian people 4th-century BC Iranian people Darius III Atropatene Hidden categories: Articles containing Persian-language text Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Български Català Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français Galego Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa 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