King of Tyre - Wikipedia King of Tyre From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Kings of Tyre) Jump to navigation Jump to search The King of Tyre was the ruler of Tyre, the ancient Phoenician city in what is now Lebanon. The traditional list of 12 kings, with reigns dated to 990–785 BC, is derived from the lost history of Menander of Ephesus as quoted by Josephus in Against Apion I. 116–127.[1] Josephus asserts that Menander had drawn his list from the chronicles of Tyre itself.[2] Menander-Josephus also contains a list of 9 kings and judges, with reigns dated to 591–532 BC in Against Apion I. 154–160.[3] Contents 1 Ancient Tyrian rulers based on Hellenic mythology 2 Late Bronze Age rulers 3 Kings of the Sidonians (with Tyre as capital), 990–785 BC 4 Assyrian ascendancy: 8th and 7th centuries BC 5 Post-Assyrian period 5.1 Under control of Babylon 573–539 BC 5.2 Shoftim of Tyre 6 Under Persian control 539–411 BC 7 Under control of Cypriot Salamis 411–374 BC 8 Under Persian control 374–332 BC 9 Under the Greeks and Romans 10 Middle Ages and later 11 See also 12 References Ancient Tyrian rulers based on Hellenic mythology[edit] Agenor c. 1500 BC Son of Poseidon or of Belus Phoenix Son of Agenor. He is the alleged eponym of the Phoenicians. Eri-Aku (Herakles)[citation needed] c. 1400 BC Eri Aku may be the model for such figures as the Greek Heracles, the Biblical Arioch king of Ellaser, and the Homeric Erichthonius King of Troy and Pontus. Late Bronze Age rulers[edit] Abi-Milku c. 1350–1335 BC Mayor/Ruler of Tyre during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence (1350–1335 BC) Aribas fl. c. 1230 Baal-Termeg (or Baalat-Remeg) fl. c. 1220 Baal c. 1193 Pummay c.1163–1125[4] Kings of the Sidonians (with Tyre as capital), 990–785 BC[edit] The dates for the reconstruction of Menander's Tyrian king list from Abibaal through Pygmalion are established in three places by three independent sources: a Biblical synchronism (Hiram's assistance to Solomon in building the Temple, from 967 BC onwards), an Assyrian record (tribute of Baal-Eser II/Balazeros II to Shalmaneser III in 841 BC), and a Roman historian (Pompeius Trogus, who placed the founding of Carthage or Dido's flight from her brother Pygmalion in the latter's seventh year of reign, in 825 BC, 72 years before the founding of Rome).[5] Abibaal 993–981 BC His beginning date is conjectural. Hiram I 980–947 BC Contemporary of David and Solomon Baal-Eser I (Balazeros I, Ba‘l-mazzer I) 946–930 BC Abdastartus (‘Abd-‘Astart) 929–921 BC Astartus (‘Ashtart) 920–901 BC Killed predecessor. First of 4 brothers to reign. Deleastartus (Dalay-‘Ashtart) 900–889 BC Astarymus (‘Ashtar-rom) 888–880 BC Phelles (Pilles) 879 BC Last of the 4 brothers Ithobaal I (Ethbaal I) 878–847 BC Killed predecessor. Father of Biblical Jezebel. Baal-Eser II (Balazeros II, Ba‘l-mazzer II) 846–841 BC Paid tribute to Shalmaneser III in 841 BC Mattan I 840–832 BC Father of Pygmalion and Dido Pygmalion (Pummay) 831–785 BC Dido fled from Pygmalion and founded Carthage during his reign. Assyrian ascendancy: 8th and 7th centuries BC[edit] The Neo-Assyrian Empire established its control over the area and ruled through vassals who are named in Assyrian records. Ithobaal II (Tuba‘il) 750–739 BC Name found only on Iran Stele of Tiglath-Pileser III.[6] Gave tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III. Hiram II 739–730 BC Also paid tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III[7] Mattan II 730–729 BC Elulaios (Luli) 729–694 BC Abd Melqart 694–680 BC Baal I 680–660 BC Post-Assyrian period[edit] Menander's Tyrian king list also described the period from Ithobaal III through Hiram III. Tyre regained independence with Assyria's demise, although Egypt controlled Tyre during some of the time afterwards. Eventually, Tyre fell under the control of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. missing –592 BC Ithobaal III (Ethbaal III) 591–573 BC This is the king mentioned in Ezekiel 28:2 at the time of the fall of Jerusalem.[8] Carthage became independent of Tyre in 574 BC. Under control of Babylon 573–539 BC[edit] Baal II 573–564 BC Yakinbaal 564 BC Shoftim of Tyre[edit] In the 560s the monarchy was overthrown and an oligarchic government established, headed by "judges" or shoftim (cf. Carthage). The monarchy was restored with the ascension of Hiram III to the throne. Chelbes 564–563 BC Abbar 563–562 BC Mattan III and Ger Ashthari 562–556 BC Baal-Eser III 556–555 BC Hiram III 551–532 BC Under Persian control 539–411 BC[edit] Mattan IV fl. c. 490–480 Boulomenus fl. c. 450 Abdemon c.420–411 BC.[4] He ruled Salamis, in Cyprus. Under control of Cypriot Salamis 411–374 BC[edit] Evagoras of Salamis, Cyprus. He united Cyprus under his rule and achieved independence from the Persian Empire. Under Persian control 374–332 BC[edit] Eugoras fl. 340's Azemilcus c.340–332 BC. He was king during the siege by Alexander the Great. Abd-olunim 332– ? Under the Greeks and Romans[edit] After Alexander the Great conquered Tyre in 332 BC, the city alternated between Seleucid (Syrian Greek) and Ptolemaic (Egyptian Greek) rule. Phoenicia came under the rule of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. Marion (c. 42 BC) was the Roman tyrant of Tyre. Middle Ages and later[edit] Tyre was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century. The Crusaders conquered Tyre, which acted as the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem until this kingdom's fall in 1291. Tyre then became part of adjoining empires again (Ottoman Empire, Mamelukes), and finally of France and of independent Lebanon in the 20th century. See also[edit] King of Byblos King of Sidon Hiram I, for a discussion of the date of Carthage's foundation Belus of Tyre, a legendary king of Tyre in Vergil's Aeneid Pygmalion of Tyre, for inscriptional evidence regarding Pygmalion and Baal-Eser II Dido of Carthage References[edit] ^ Against Apion Book I. 116–127 ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: "Phenicia". ^ Against Apion Book I. 154–160 ^ a b "Lebanon". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2013-05-01. ^ William H. Barnes, Studies in the Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1991), p. 31. ^ Hayim Tadmor, The Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1994) 266. ^ Tadmor, Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III, 69. ^ NIV Archaeological Study Bible, An Illustrated walk through Biblical History and Culture. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005 p.1350. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_of_Tyre&oldid=997571235" Categories: Lists of monarchs Kings of Tyre Heads of state of Lebanon Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012 Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Български Brezhoneg Català Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Italiano Magyar Nederlands Português Русский Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Українська Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 04:59 (UTC). 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