Johann Christian Bach - Wikipedia Johann Christian Bach From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search German composer, known as the "English Bach" (1735–1782) Johann Christian Bach, painted in London by Thomas Gainsborough, (National Portrait Gallery, London) Johann Christian Bach (September 5, 1735 – January 1, 1782) was a German composer of the Classical era, the eighteenth child of Johann Sebastian Bach, and the youngest of his eleven sons.[1] After a spell in Italy, Bach moved to London in 1762,[2] where he became known as "the London Bach".[3] He is also sometimes known as "the English Bach", and during his time spent living in the British capital, he came to be known as John Bach. He is noted for playing a role in influencing the concerto styles of Haydn and Mozart. He contributed significantly to the development of the new sonata principle.[4] Contents 1 Life 2 Legacy 3 Works 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External links Life[edit] Johann Christian Bach was born to Johann Sebastian and Anna Magdalena Bach in Leipzig, Germany. His distinguished father was already 50 at the time of his birth—an age gap exemplified by the sharp differences in the musical styles of father and son. Even so, father Bach instructed Johann Christian in music until his death in 1750.[5] After his father's death, he worked (and lived) with his second-oldest half brother Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach,[5] who was twenty-one years his senior and considered at the time to be the most musically gifted of Bach's sons. He enjoyed a promising career, first as a composer then as a performer playing alongside Carl Friedrich Abel, the notable player of the viola da gamba. He composed cantatas, chamber music, keyboard and orchestral works, operas and symphonies. J. C. Bach's memorial, St Pancras Churchyard, London Bach lived in Italy for many years starting in 1750,[1] studying with Padre Martini in Bologna. He became organist at the Milan cathedral in 1760. During his time in Italy, he converted from Lutheranism to Catholicism[citation needed] and devoted much time to the composition of church music, including music for a Requiem Mass and a Te Deum.[6] His first major work was a Mass, which received an excellent performance and acclaim in 1757.[6] In 1762, Bach travelled to London to première three operas at the King's Theatre, including Orione on 19 February 1763. In 1764 or 65 the castrato Giusto Fernando Tenducci, who became a close friend, created the title role in his opera Adriano in Siria at King's.[7] That established his reputation in England, and he became music master to Queen Charlotte. In 1766, Bach met soprano Cecilia Grassi, who was eleven years his junior, and married her shortly thereafter. They had no children. J. C. Bach performed symphonies and concertos at the Hanover Square Rooms on the corner of Hanover Square and Hanover Street. This was London’s premier concert venue in the heart of fashionable Mayfair. The surrounding Georgian homes offered well-to-do clientele for his performances. One of London’s primary literary circles, which included Jane Timbury, Robert Gunnell Esq., Lord Beauchamp, and the Duchess of Buccleuch, was acquainted with Bach, and members were regular attendees at his events. In 1777 he won a landmark case, Bach v Longman, which established that (in English law) copyright law applied to musical scores. By the late 1770s, both his popularity and finances were in decline. By the time of Bach's death on New Year's Day 1782,[8] he had become so indebted (in part due to his steward embezzling his money), that Queen Charlotte stepped in to cover the expenses of the estate and provided a life pension for Bach's widow. He was buried in the graveyard of St. Pancras Old Church, London. Legacy[edit] Sinfonia in G minor, Op. 6, No. 6 I. Allegro Performed by Camerata Budapest, Hanspeter Gmur (conductor), courtesy of Naxos Records Problems playing this file? See media help. A full account of J. C. Bach's career is given in the fourth volume of Charles Burney's History of Music. There are two others named Johann Christian Bach in the Bach family tree, but neither was a composer. In 1764 Bach met with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who was aged eight at the time and had been brought to London by his father.[9] Bach then spent five months teaching Mozart in composition.[9] Bach is widely regarded as having a strong influence on the young Mozart, with scholars such as Téodor de Wyzewa and Georges de Saint-Foix describing him as "The only, true teacher of Mozart".[9] Mozart arranged three sonatas from Bach's Op. 5 into keyboard concertos, and in later life Mozart "often acknowledged the artistic debt he owed" to Johann Christian.[10] Upon hearing of Bach's death in 1782, Mozart commented, "What a loss to the musical world!"[11] Works[edit] Main article: List of compositions by Johann Christian Bach The works of J. C. Bach are given 'W' numbers, from Ernest Warburton's Thematic catalog of his works (New York City: Garland Publishing, 1999). Bach's compositions include eleven operas,[1] as well as chamber music, orchestral music and compositions for keyboard music.[5] References[edit] Notes ^ a b c Bagnoli, Giorgio (1993). The La Scala Encyclopedia of the Opera. Simon and Schuster. p. 38. ISBN 9780671870423. ^ Burnett, Henry (2017). Composition, Chromaticism and the Developmental Process: A New Theory of Tonality. Routledge. p. 211. ISBN 9781351571333. ^ Siblin, Eric (2011). The Cello Suites: J. S. Bach, Pablo Casals, and the Search for a Baroque Masterpiece. p. 234. ISBN 9780802197979. ^ Norwich, John Julius (1985–1993). Oxford illustrated encyclopedia. Judge, Harry George., Toyne, Anthony. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-19-869129-7. OCLC 11814265. ^ a b c "Johann Christian Bach". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 September 2017. ^ a b "The Catholic Bach", Cantica Nova Publications ^ Baldwin, Olive; Wilson, Thelma (2004). "Tenducci, Giusto Ferdinando". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/67196.(subscription required) ^ Stephenson, Joseph. Johann Christian Bach at AllMusic ^ a b c Shore, Rebecca Ann (2002). Baby Teacher: Nurturing Neural Networks From Birth to Age Five. R&L Education. p. 86. ISBN 9781461648079. ^ Denis Arnold and Basil Smallman, "Bach family", in Oxford Companion to Music, ed. Alison Latham, Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 80. ISBN 978-0-19-866212-9 ^ Mersmann, Hans (1972). Letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. New York: Dover Publications. p. 194. ISBN 0-486-22859-2. Further reading[edit] Hans T. David, A. Mendel, C. Wolff. The New Bach Reader: A Life of Johann Sebastian Bach in Letters and Documents (New York: Norton, 1998). Heinz Gärtner (trans. by Reinhard Pauly). John Christian Bach: Mozart's Friend and Mentor. (Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1994). Philipp Spitta (trans. by Clara Bell & J. A. Fuller-Maitland). Johann Sebastian Bach, his work and influence on the music of Germany, 1685–1750, 3 vols. (London: Novello & Co., 1899): Vol I, Vol II, Vol III Charles Sanford Terry. John Christian Bach (London: Oxford University Press, 1967). Christoph Wolff et al. The New Grove Bach Family. (New York: Norton, 1983) pp. 315ff. ISBN 0-393-30088-9. Percy M. Young. The Bachs: 1500–1850 (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1970). External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Johann Christian Bach. Information Johann Christian Bach at the Encyclopædia Britannica J. C. Bach (classical.net) J C Bach (classicalarchives.com) J C Bach (pianosociety.com) "Gainsborough and Music" by Brian Robins Music Free scores by Johann Christian Bach at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) Piano sonatas Op. 17, 1–6 on YouTube Concerto in D major, Op. 13, No. 2, 1st movement on YouTube Quartet in B-flat major on YouTube Flute sonatas, W. B 10–15, 1780 edition (from the Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection) v t e Bach family Members (showing relationship to Johann Sebastian Bach) Anna Magdalena Bach (2nd wife) Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (son) Christoph Bach (grandfather) Elisabeth Lämmerhirt (mother) Georg Christoph Bach (uncle) Gottfried Heinrich Bach (son) Johann Aegidius Bach (uncle) Johann Ambrosius Bach (father) Johann Bernhard Bach (2nd cousin) Johann Bernhard Bach the Younger (nephew) Johann Christian Bach (son) Johann Christoph Altnickol (son-in-law) Johann Christoph Bach (1st cousin once removed) Johann Christoph Bach (organist at Ohrdruf) (brother) Johann Christoph Bach (musician at Arnstadt) (uncle) Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach (son) Johann Ernst Bach (musician at Saxe-Weimar) (2nd cousin once removed) Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach (son) Johann Jacob Bach (brother) Johann Ludwig Bach (3rd cousin) Johann Michael Bach (father-in-law) Johann Michael Bach (musician at Wuppertal) (nephew) Johann Nicolaus Bach (2nd cousin) Johann Sebastian Bach (self) Johann Sebastian Bach the Younger (grandson) Johannes Bach Maria Barbara Bach (1st wife/2nd cousin) Veit Bach (great-great-grandfather) Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (son) Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Bach (grandson) Compositions Altbachisches Archiv Bach Digital by Carl Philipp Emanuel by Johann Christian by Johann Sebastian v t e Classical period List of Classical-era composers Composers First Viennese School Haydn Mozart Beethoven Schubert Mannheim school Beck Cannabich Fränzl Richter C. Stamitz J. Stamitz Filtz Gluck C. P. E. Bach L. Mozart G. Benda Traetta Piccinni Sarti Sacchini Spohr J. C. Bach Mysliveček Dittersdorf Wanhal Paisiello Boccherini Koželuch Cimarosa Clementi Salieri Soler Zingarelli Martín y Soler Gyrowetz Instrumentation Classical orchestra String quartet Genres Galant music Intermezzo Pastorale Sensitive style Techniques Notes inégales Background Baroque music Common practice period 18th-century philosophy Classicism  ← Baroque music Romantic music →  Category Portal WikiProject Biography portal Classical music portal Authority control BIBSYS: 90220595 BNE: XX879147 BNF: cb138910300 (data) CANTIC: a12204043 CiNii: DA04822384 GND: 118505521 ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\063756 ISNI: 0000 0001 1079 2185 LCCN: n80008104 LNB: 000036959 MBA: 470967b1-f9ef-4712-82df-6971b517ebdb NDL: 00882978 NKC: jn20000600610 NLA: 35753134 NLI: 000013980 NLK: KAC199601286 NLP: A1264903X NTA: 069558310 PLWABN: 9810671381405606 SELIBR: 176435 SNAC: w6d21zdk SUDOC: 031541887 Trove: 1071834 VcBA: 495/284057 VIAF: 100191935 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n80008104 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Christian_Bach&oldid=999004630" Categories: German male classical composers German classical composers German Classical-period composers Bach family German opera composers Male opera composers Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism German Roman Catholics 1735 births 1782 deaths 18th-century German people German expatriates in England Burials at St Pancras Old Church 18th-century classical composers Pupils of Johann Sebastian Bach 18th-century German composers 18th-century male musicians People educated at the St. Thomas School, Leipzig Hidden categories: Pages containing links to subscription-only content Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020 Articles with hAudio microformats Commons category link is on Wikidata Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links Composers with IMSLP links Articles with International Music Score Library Project links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ICCU identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers AC with 25 elements Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Afrikaans العربية Azərbaycanca Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaelg Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски मराठी مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Occitan Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 吴语 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 01:30 (UTC). 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