Orontes I - Wikipedia Orontes I From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Satrap of Sophene and Matiene Orontes I Orontes I's portrait on the observe of a coin, showing him with the satrapal headdress Satrap of Sophene and Matiene Reign 401 – 344 BC Coronation 401 BC Predecessor Artasyrus Successor Darius III Codomannus Died 344 BC Ionia Spouse Rhodogoune Issue Orontes II Full name Orontes (Aurand/Yervand) House Armavir Dynasty Orontid Dynasty Father Artasyrus Mother Asatera Orontes I or Yervand I (Old Persian: *Arvanta-) was an Bactrian nobleman,[1] who ruled as satrap of the Achaemenid satrapy of Armenia from 401 to 344 BC. He is regarded as the ancestor of the Orontid dynasty. Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Satrap of Armenia 1.1.1 Battle of Cunaxa (401 BC) 1.1.2 Cyprus campaign (381 BC) 1.2 Satrap of Mysia 2 Coinage 3 References 4 Sources Biography[edit] Satrap of Armenia[edit] Orontes was a son of the Bactrian[2][3] Artasyrus. Orontes has therefore sometimes been referred to as "Orontes the Bactrian",[2][4] According to the Greek sources (Xenophon, Strabo), Orontes was made Satrap of Sophene and Matiene (Mitanni).}}[5] He was called "Praefectus Armeniae" by Trogus.[6] Battle of Cunaxa (401 BC)[edit] Orontes was given these Satrapies of Armenis in 401 BC for supporting the Persian king Artaxerxes II in the Battle of Cunaxa against Cyrus the Younger. After the Battle of Cunaxa, Orontes harassed the Ten Thousand as they attempted to return home and made their way through Armenia.[7] It is likely he ruled from Armavir as the previous Satrap of Armenia, Hydarnes, had ruled from there. He married Rhodogoune, the daughter of king Artaxerxes II by one of his concubines.[8] Cyprus campaign (381 BC)[edit] Mysia Approximate location of Mysia in Asia Minor. He next appears in 381 BC as the army commander during the campaign to recapture Cyprus from its rebel leader, King Evagoras, whilst the navy was under the command of Tiribazus. They managed to lay siege to the city of Salamis; however, Orontes intrigued against Tiribazus before king Artaxerxes II, but this led to Orontes falling from favor. It may be because of this that he was stripped of his satrapy and sent to the west of the Empire to become satrap of Mysia.[citation needed]. Satrap of Mysia[edit] Orontes coin with running Achaemenid king. Legend OΡONTA (Orontes). Minted in Caria. In 362 BC a great rebellion occurred in Anatolia, led by Datames, Satrap of Cappadocia (Revolt of the Satraps). Some sources say that it was Orontes who was chosen by the rebels as their leader. However, Orontes stayed loyal to king Artaxerxes II and aided in the collapse of the rebellion. Apparently, he wanted to rule Anatolia and Armenia alone. He captured the city of Pergamon and sent bribes to Athens, where a decree seeking an alliance records his name. He was able to fund these activities as he is recorded as having a personal fortune of 3,000 talents of silver. From around 362-361, Orontes is said to be "Satrap of Mysia", and there is various proof of his activity in the region and around Pergamon.[9][10] In 355 BC he rebelled against the new king of the Achaemenid Empire, Artaxerxes III. He still had possession of parts of western Anatolia. He fought a battle against the satrap of Daskyleion and minted his own coins in Ionia, such as the one displayed in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. He handed back Pergamon to the king. The kings of the Kingdom of Commagene claimed descent from Orontes I and also claimed Darius I of Persia as an ancestor, thanks to Orontes' marriage to Rhodogoune, daughter of Artaxerxes II who was a direct descendant of king Darius I.[11][12] Xenophon's Anabasis mentions that the region near the river Centrites was defended by the Satrap of Armenia for Artaxerxes II and named Orontes son of Artasyrus who had Armenian contingents. Xenophon mentioned that he had a son called Tigranes. His successor was Darius III and after Codomannus these Satrapies were ruled by Orontes II. Whether he was the same person as Tigranes but had adopted the name Orontes or that they were brothers is not known. Coinage[edit] All the known coinage of Orontes is confined to the region of Mysia, and was only found in cities from Lampsacus to Colophon, particularly Adramyteion and Kisthene in the area of Aeolis on the coast.[13] References[edit] ^ Schmitt 2002. ^ a b Gershevitch 1985, p. 354. ^ Chahin 2001, p. 185. ^ Chahin 2001, p. 185, "(...) son of Artasyras, the "King's Eye", sometimes called "Orontes the Bactrian". because of his princely, Bactrian parentage." ^ Petrie, Flinders. Mitannian (Armenian) origin ^ Stylianou, P. J.; Stylianou, Research Associate P. J. (1998). A Historical Commentary on Diodorus Siculus. Clarendon Press. p. 530. ISBN 9780198152392. ^ Xen. Anab. 2.4-5 passim ^ Plutarch. Life of Artaxerxes. ^ Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns. p. 662. ISBN 9781575061207. ^ Stylianou, P. J.; Stylianou, Research Associate P. J. (1998). A Historical Commentary on Diodorus Siculus. Clarendon Press. p. 532. ISBN 9780198152392. ^ Cook, J.M. (1993). The Persian Empire ([Repr.] ed.). New York: Barns & Noble Books. pp. 170, 173, 193, 212, 213, 216, 217, 221–223, 257, 263. ISBN 1-56619-115-7. ^ The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times - 2 Vols., Richard G. Hovannisian, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1997 ^ Stylianou, P. J.; Stylianou, Research Associate P. J. (1998). A Historical Commentary on Diodorus Siculus. Clarendon Press. p. 532. ISBN 9780198152392. Sources[edit] Chahin, M. (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia: A History. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0700714520. Garsoian, Nina (2004). "Armeno-Iranian Relations in the pre-Islamic period". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Gershevitch, Ilya, ed. (1985). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 2: The Median and Achaemenian periods. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521200912. Hyla A., Troxell (1981). "Orontes, Satrap of Mysia". Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau. 60: 27–41. ISSN 0035-4163. Osborne, Michael J. (1973). "Orontes". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 22 (4): 515–551. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435366. Osborne, Michael J. (1971). "Athens and Orontes". Annual of the British School at Athens. 66: 297–321. doi:10.1017/S0068245400019213. ISSN 2045-2403. JSTOR 30103238. Schmitt, Rüdiger (2002). "Orontes". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orontes I. v t e Armenian kings Orontid Dynasty Orontes I Sakavakyats Tigranes Vahagn Hidarnes I Hidarnes II Hidarnes III Artasyrus (satrap) Orontes I (satrap) Darius III (satrap) Orontes II (satrap) Mithrenes (satrap) Orontes III Sames Arsames I Xerxes Orontes IV Abdissares Artaxiad Dynasty Artaxias I Tigranes I Artavasdes I Tigranes the Great Artavasdes II Artaxias II Tigranes III Tigranes IV with Erato Roman and Parthian non-dynastic candidates Ariobarzanes II Artavasdes III Tigranes V Vonones I Artaxias III Arsaces I Orodes Mithridates Rhadamistus Tiridates I Arsacid Dynasty Tigranes VI Sanatruk Axidares Parthamasiris Vologases I Sohaemus Bakur Vologases II Khosrov I Tiridates II Khosrov II Tiridates III Khosrov III Tiran Arshak II Pap Varazdat Arshak III Khosrov IV Vramshapuh Artaxias IV Bagratid Armenia Ashot I Smbat I Ashot II Abas I Ashot III Smbat II Gagik I Hovhannes-Smbat III Ashot IV Gagik II Cilicia Leo I Isabella Hethum I Leo II Hethum II Thoros Sempad Constantine I Leo III Oshin Leo IV Constantine II Constantine III Constantine IV Leo V v t e Rulers in the Achaemenid Empire Family tree - Achaemenid Kingdom Kings of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire Achaemenes Ariaramnes Arsames Teispes Cyrus I Cambyses I Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II) Cambyses II Smerdis Gaumata Darius the Great (Darius I) Xerxes the Great (Xerxes I) Artaxerxes I Xerxes II Sogdianus Darius II Artaxerxes II Mnemon Artaxerxes III Ochus Artaxerxes IV Arses Darius III Codomannus Artaxerxes V Bessus Satraps of Lydia Tabalus Mazares Harpagus Oroetus Bagaeus Otanes Artaphernes I Artaphernes II Pissuthnes Tissaphernes Cyrus the Younger Tissaphernes Tithraustes Tiribazus Struthas Autophradates Spithridates Satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia Mitrobates Megabazus Megabates Oebares II Artabazus I Pharnabazus I Pharnaces II Pharnabazus II Ariobarzanes Artabazus II Pharnabazus III Arsites Satraps of Cappadocia Datames Ariamnes I Mithrobuzanes Ariarathes I Greek Governors of Asia Minor cities Miltiades Demaratus Gongylos Eurysthenes Prokles Histiaeus Aristagoras Themistocles Archeptolis Aridolis Amyntas II Philiscus Dynasts of Lycia Kheziga Kybernis Kuprilli Harpagus Teththiweibi Kheriga Kherei Arbinas Artembares Artumpara Mithrapata Perikle Dynasts of Caria Lygdamis I Artemisia Pisindelis Lygdamis II Adusius (satrap) Hecatomnus Mausolus Artemisia II Idrieus Ada Pixodarus Orontobates Ada Kings of Macedonia Amyntas I of Macedon Alexander I of Macedon Kings of Tyre Mattan IV Boulomenus Abdemon Evagoras Eugoras Azemilcus Kings of Sidon Eshmunazar I Tabnit Queen Amoashtart Eshmunazar II Bodashtart Yatonmilk Anysos Tetramnestos Baalshillem I Baana Baalshillem II Abdashtart I Tennes Evagoras II Abdashtart II Abdashtart III Satraps of Armenia Artasyrus Orontes I Darius III Orontes II Satraps of Egypt Aryandes Pherendates Achaemenes Arsames Pherendates II Sabaces Mazaces Satraps of Bactria Hystaspes Dadarsi Masistes Bessus Satraps of Media Hydarnes Hydarnes II Atropates Satraps of Cilicia Syennesis Camisares Mazaeus Arsames Other known satraps Megabyzus, Abrocomas, Belesys (Syria) Ochus (Hyrcania) Satibarzanes (Aria) Atizyes (Greater Phrygia) Phrataphernes (Parthia) Ariobarzanes (Persis) Abulites (Susiana) Mazaeus (Babylon) In most territories, Achaemenid rulers were succeeded by Hellenistic satraps and Hellenistic rulers from around 330 BC Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orontes_I&oldid=1001747650" Categories: 5th-century BC Iranian people 4th-century BC Iranian people Orontid dynasty 344 BC 5th-century BC births 4th-century BC rulers 340s BC deaths Achaemenid satraps of Armenia Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018 Commons category link is on Wikidata Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages تۆرکجه Català Deutsch Ελληνικά Español فارسی Français Հայերեն Hrvatski ქართული Nederlands Português Русский Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 21 January 2021, at 03:36 (UTC). 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