Metropolitan Museum of Art - Wikipedia





	
	

	
	

	Metropolitan Museum of Art

	
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		Major art museum in New York City, United States

Not to be confused with Museum of Modern Art.




The Metropolitan Museum of Art	Entrance facade

	
	Established	April 13, 1870; 150 years ago (April 13, 1870)[2][3][4]
	Location	1000 Fifth Avenue
New York City 10028
	Coordinates	40°46′46″N 73°57′47″W / 40.7794°N 73.9631°W / 40.7794; -73.9631Coordinates: 
40°46′46″N 73°57′47″W / 40.7794°N 73.9631°W / 40.7794; -73.9631
	Collection size	2 million[1]
	Visitors	6,479,548 (2019)[5]
	Director	Max Hollein
	Public transit access	Subway: ​​ at 86th Street 
 ​ at 77th Street
Bus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M79, M86 SBS
	Website	www.metmuseum.org

	
	The Metropolitan Museum of Art

	U.S. National Register of Historic Places

	U.S. National Historic Landmark

	NYC Landmark


	

	Built	1874; 147 years ago (1874)
	Architect	Richard Morris Hunt; also Calvert Vaux; Jacob Wrey Mould
	Architectural style	Beaux-Arts
	NRHP reference No.	86003556
	Significant dates
	Added to NRHP	January 29, 1972[8]
	Designated NHL	June 24, 1986[9]
	Designated NYCL	June 9, 1967 (exterior)[6]
November 19, 1977 (interior)[7]
	



The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met",[a] is the largest art museum in the United States. With 6,479,548 visitors to its three locations in 2019, it was the fourth most visited art museum in the world.[10] Its permanent collection contains over two million works,[11] divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 Fifth Avenue, along the Museum Mile on the eastern edge of Central Park in Manhattan's Upper East Side, is by area one of the world's largest art galleries. A much smaller second location, The Cloisters at Fort Tryon Park in Upper Manhattan, contains an extensive collection of art, architecture, and artifacts from medieval Europe. On March 18, 2016, the museum opened the Met Breuer museum along Madison Avenue on the Upper East Side; it extends the museum's modern and contemporary art program.

The permanent collection consists of works of art from classical antiquity and ancient Egypt, paintings, and sculptures from nearly all the European masters, and an extensive collection of American and modern art. The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine, and Islamic art. The museum is home to encyclopedic collections of musical instruments, costumes, and accessories, as well as antique weapons and armor from around the world. Several notable interiors, ranging from 1st-century Rome through modern American design, are installed in its galleries.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870 for the purposes of opening a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. The Fifth Avenue building opened on February 20, 1872, at 681 Fifth Avenue.


Contents


	1 Collections
	1.1 Geographically designated collections
	1.1.1 Ancient Near Eastern art
	1.1.2 Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas
	1.1.3 Asian art
	1.1.4 Egyptian art
	1.1.5 European paintings
	1.1.6 European sculpture and decorative arts
	1.1.7 American Wing
	1.1.8 Greek and Roman art
	1.1.9 Islamic art



	1.2 Non-geographically designated collections
	1.2.1 Arms and Armor
	1.2.2 Costume Institute
	1.2.3 Drawings and prints
	1.2.4 Robert Lehman Collection
	1.2.5 Medieval art and the Cloisters
	1.2.5.1 Main building
	1.2.5.2 The Cloisters museum and gardens



	1.2.6 Modern and contemporary art
	1.2.7 Musical instruments
	1.2.8 Photographs
	1.2.9 Met Breuer
	1.2.10 Film



	1.3 Digital representation of collections



	2 Libraries
	2.1 Thomas J. Watson Library
	2.2 Nolen Library



	3 Special exhibitions
	4 History
	5 Architecture
	5.1 Roof garden
	5.2 Landmark designations



	6 Management
	6.1 Governance
	6.2 Finances
	6.2.1 2015–2018 setbacks



	6.3 Attendance



	7 Acquisitions and deaccessioning
	8 Selected objects
	9 Selected paintings
	10 References
	10.1 Footnotes
	10.2 Citations
	10.3 Sources



	11 Further reading
	12 External links





Collections[edit]

  
The Great Hall



The Met's permanent collection is curated by seventeen separate departments, each with a specialized staff of curators and scholars, as well as six dedicated conservation departments and a Department of Scientific Research.[12] The permanent collection includes works of art from classical antiquity and ancient Egypt, paintings and sculptures from nearly all the European masters, and an extensive collection of American and modern art. The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine, and Islamic art.[13] The museum is also home to encyclopedic collections of musical instruments, costumes and accessories, and antique weapons and armor from around the world.[14] A great number of period rooms, ranging from first-century Rome through modern American design, are permanently installed in the Met's galleries.[15] In addition to its permanent exhibitions, the Met organizes and hosts large traveling shows throughout the year.

The current chairman of the board, Daniel Brodsky, was elected in 2011[16] and became chairman three years after director Philippe de Montebello retired at the end of 2008.[17][18]

On March 1, 2017, the BBC reported that Daniel Weiss, the Met's president and COO, would also temporarily act as CEO for the museum.[19][20] Following the departure of Thomas P. Campbell as the Met's director and CEO on June 30, 2017,[21] the search for a new director of the museum was assigned to the human resources firm Phillips Oppenheim to present a new candidate for the position "by the end of the fiscal year in June" of 2018.[22] The next director would report to Weiss as the current president of the museum.[23] In April 2018, Max Hollein was named director.[24]


Geographically designated collections[edit]

Ancient Near Eastern art[edit]

Beginning in the late 19th century, the Met started acquiring ancient art and artifacts from the Near East. From a few cuneiform tablets and seals, the Met's collection of Near Eastern art has grown to more than 7,000 pieces.[25] Representing a history of the region beginning in the Neolithic Period and encompassing the fall of the Sasanian Empire and the end of Late Antiquity, the collection includes works from the Sumerian, Hittite, Sasanian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Elamite cultures (among others), as well as an extensive collection of unique Bronze Age objects. The highlights of the collection include a set of monumental stone lamassu, or guardian figures, from the Northwest Palace of the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II.[26]


Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas[edit]

  
Benin ivory mask, Iyoba, 16th-century Nigeria



Though the Met first acquired a group of Peruvian antiquities in 1882, the museum did not begin a concerted effort to collect works from Africa, Oceania, and the Americas until 1969, when American businessman and philanthropist Nelson A. Rockefeller donated his more than 3,000-piece collection to the museum. Before Rockefeller's collection existed at the Met, Rockefeller founded The Museum of Primitive Art in New York City with the intentions of displaying these works, after the Met had previously shown disinterest in his art collection.[27] In 1968, the Met had agreed to a temporary exhibition of Rockefeller's work. However, the Met then requested to include the arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas in their personal collection and on permanent display.[27] The arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas opened to the public in 1982, under the title, "The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing."[28] This wing is named after Michael Rockefeller's son who died while collecting works in New Guinea.[29] 

Today, the Met's collection contains more than 11,000 pieces from sub-Saharan Africa, the Pacific Islands, and the Americas and is housed in the 40,000-square-foot (4,000 m2) Rockefeller Wing on the south end of the museum.[30] The Michael C. Rockefeller exhibits Non- Western works of art which created from 3,000 B.C.E. - present, while at the same time display a wide range of cultural histories.[28] This is considered to be the first time arts outside of the West were placed alongside Western art in a Western museum. Before then, the works of art from Africa, Oceania, and the Americas were considered art of the "primitives" or ethnographic objects.[31] 

The Wing exhibits the arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas in an exhibition separated by geographical locations. The collection ranges from 40,000-year-old indigenous Australian rock paintings, to a group of 15-foot-tall (4.6 m) memorial poles carved by the Asmat people of New Guinea, to a priceless collection of ceremonial and personal objects from the Nigerian Court of Benin donated by Klaus Perls.[32] The range of materials represented in the Africa, Oceania, and Americas collection is undoubtedly the widest of any department at the Met, including everything from precious metals to porcupine quills.[citation needed] The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing's exhibition space is planned to be renovated between 2020 and 2023.[33] 


Asian art[edit]

  
Jain Siddha Bahubali, 6th century



  
Bronze Chola Statue of Nataraja



The Met's Asian department holds a collection of Asian art, of more than 35,000 pieces,[34] that is arguably the most comprehensive in the US. The collection dates back almost to the founding of the museum: many of the philanthropists who made the earliest gifts to the museum included Asian art in their collections. Today, an entire wing of the museum is dedicated to the Asian collection, and spans 4,000 years of Asian art. Every known Asian civilization is represented in the Met's Asian department, and the pieces on display include every type of decorative art, from painting and printmaking to sculpture and metalworking. The department is well known for its comprehensive collection of Chinese calligraphy and painting, as well as for its Indian sculptures, Nepalese and Tibetan works, and the arts of Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia and Thailand. Three ancient religions of India – Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism – are well represented in these sculptures.[35] However, not only "art" and ritual objects are represented in the collection; many of the best-known pieces are functional objects. The Asian wing also contains a complete Ming Dynasty-style garden court, modeled on a courtyard in the Master of the Nets Garden in Suzhou. Maxwell K. Hearn has been the current department chairman of Asian Art since 2011.[36]


Egyptian art[edit]

  
William the Hippopotamus is a mascot of the Met.



  
Mummy, Metropolitan Museum of Art



Though the majority of the Met's initial holdings of Egyptian art came from private collections, items uncovered during the museum's own archeological excavations, carried out between 1906 and 1941, constitute almost half of the current collection. More than 26,000 separate pieces of Egyptian art from the Paleolithic era through the Ptolemaic era constitute the Met's Egyptian collection, and almost all of them are on display in the museum's massive wing of 40 Egyptian galleries.[37] Among the most valuable pieces in the Met's Egyptian collection are 13 wooden models (of the total 24 models found together, 12 models and 1 offering bearer figure is at the Met, while the remaining 10 models and 1 offering bearer figure are in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo), discovered in a tomb in the Southern Asasif in western Thebes in 1920. These models depict, in unparalleled detail, a cross-section of Egyptian life in the early Middle Kingdom: boats, gardens, and scenes of daily life are represented in miniature. William the Faience Hippopotamus is a miniature shown at right.

However, the popular centerpiece of the Egyptian Art department continues to be the Temple of Dendur. Dismantled by the Egyptian government to save it from rising waters caused by the building of the Aswan High Dam, the large sandstone temple was given to the United States in 1965 and assembled in the Met's Sackler Wing in 1978. Situated in a large room and partially surrounded by a reflecting pool and illuminated by a wall of windows opening onto Central Park, the Temple of Dendur has been one of the Met's most enduring attractions. The oldest items at the Met, a set of Archeulian flints from Deir el-Bahri which date from the Lower Paleolithic period (between 300,000 and 75,000 BC), are part of the Egyptian collection. The first curator was Albert Lythgoe, who directed several Egyptian excavations for the Museum.[38] Since 2013 the curator has been Diana Craig Patch.[39]

In 2018, the museum built an exhibition around the golden-sheathed 1st-century BC coffin of Nedjemankh, a high-ranking priest of the ram-headed god Heryshaf of Heracleopolis. Investigators determined that the artifact had been stolen in 2011 from Egypt, to which the museum has agreed to return it.[40]


European paintings[edit]

  
European paintings at the museum



The Met's collection of European paintings numbers around 1,700 pieces.[41] The current chairman of the European Paintings is Keith Christiansen who has been at the museum since 1977.[42]


European sculpture and decorative arts[edit]

  
European sculpture court



The European Sculpture and Decorative Arts collection is one of the largest departments at the Met, holding in excess of 50,000 separate pieces from the 15th through the early 20th centuries.[43] Although the collection is particularly concentrated in Renaissance sculpture—much of which can be seen in situ surrounded by contemporary furnishings and decoration—it also contains comprehensive holdings of furniture, jewelry, glass and ceramic pieces, tapestries, textiles, and timepieces and mathematical instruments. In addition to its outstanding collections of English and French furniture, visitors can enter dozens of completely furnished period rooms, transplanted in their entirety into the Met's galleries. The collection even includes an entire 16th-century patio from the Spanish castle of Vélez Blanco, reconstructed in a two-story gallery, and the intarsia studiolo from the ducal palace at Gubbio. Sculptural highlights of the sprawling department include Bernini's Bacchanal, a cast of Rodin's The Burghers of Calais, and several unique pieces by Houdon, including his Bust of Voltaire and his famous portrait of his daughter Sabine.[citation needed]


American Wing[edit]

  
Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze



The museum's collection of American art returned to view in new galleries on January 16, 2012. The new installation provides visitors with the history of American art from the 18th through the early 20th century. The new galleries encompasses 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) for the display of the museum's collection.[44] The curator in charge of the American Wing since September 2014 is Sylvia Yount.[45][46]


Greek and Roman art[edit]

  
Greek and Roman gallery



The Met's collection of Greek and Roman art contains more than 17,000 objects.[47] The Greek and Roman collection dates back to the founding of the museum—in fact, the museum's first accessioned object was a Roman sarcophagus, still currently on display. Though the collection naturally concentrates on items from ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, these historical regions represent a wide range of cultures and artistic styles, from classic Greek black-figure and red-figure vases to carved Roman tunic pins.[citation needed]


  
The Amathus sarcophagus, from Amathus, Cyprus, arguably the single most important object in the Cesnola Collection



Highlights of the collection include the monumental Amathus sarcophagus and a magnificently detailed Etruscan chariot known as the "Monteleone chariot". The collection also contains many pieces from far earlier than the Greek or Roman empires—among the most remarkable are a collection of early Cycladic sculptures from the mid-third millennium BC, many so abstract as to seem almost modern. The Greek and Roman galleries also contain several large classical wall paintings and reliefs from different periods, including an entire reconstructed bedroom from a noble villa in Boscoreale, excavated after its entombment by the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79. In 2007, the Met's Greek and Roman galleries were expanded to approximately 60,000 square feet (6,000 m2), allowing the majority of the collection to be on permanent display.[48]


Islamic art[edit]

  
Leaf from the Blue Qur'an showing Chapter 30: 28–32



The Metropolitan Museum owns one of the world's largest collection of works of art of the Islamic world. The collection also includes artifacts and works of art of cultural and secular origin from the time period indicated by the rise of Islam predominantly from the Near East and in contrast to the Ancient Near Eastern collections. The biggest number of miniatures from the "Shahnama" list prepared under the reign of Shah Tahmasp I, the most luxurious of all the existing Islamic manuscripts, also belongs to this museum. Other rarities include the works of Sultan Muhammad and his associates from the Tabriz school "The Sade Holiday", "Tahmiras kills divs", "Bijan and Manizhe", and many others.[49]

The Met's collection of Islamic art is not confined strictly to religious art, though a significant number of the objects in the Islamic collection were originally created for religious use or as decorative elements in mosques. Much of the 12,000 strong collection consists of secular items, including ceramics and textiles, from Islamic cultures ranging from Spain to North Africa to Central Asia.[50] The Islamic Art department's collection of miniature paintings from Iran and Mughal India are a highlight of the collection. Calligraphy both religious and secular is well represented in the Islamic Art department, from the official decrees of Suleiman the Magnificent to a number of Qur'an manuscripts reflecting different periods and styles of calligraphy. Modern calligraphic artists also used a word or phrase to convey a direct message, or they created compositions from the shapes of Arabic words. Others incorporated indecipherable cursive writing within the body of the work to evoke the illusion of writing.[51]

Islamic Arts galleries had been undergoing refurbishment since 2001 and were reopened on November 1, 2011, as the New Galleries for the Art of the Arab Lands, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and Later South Asia. Until that time, a narrow selection of items from the collection had been on temporary display throughout the museum. As with many other departments at the Met, the Islamic Art galleries contain many interior pieces, including the entire reconstructed Nur Al-Din Room from an early 18th-century house in Damascus. However, the museum has confirmed to the New York Post that it has withdrawn from public display all paintings depicting Muhammad and may not rehang those that were displayed in the Islamic gallery before the renovation.[52]


Non-geographically designated collections[edit]

Arms and Armor[edit]

  
Arms and armor, Middle Ages main hall



The Met's Department of Arms and Armor is one of the museum's most popular collections.[53] The distinctive "parade" of armored figures on horseback installed in the first-floor Arms and Armor gallery is one of the most recognizable images of the museum, which was organized in 1975 with the help of the Russian immigrant and arms and armors' scholar, Leonid Tarassuk (1925–90). The department's focus on "outstanding craftsmanship and decoration," including pieces intended solely for display, means that the collection is strongest in late medieval European pieces and Japanese pieces from the 5th through the 19th centuries. However, these are not the only cultures represented in Arms and Armor; the collection spans more geographic regions than almost any other department, including weapons and armor from dynastic Egypt, ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, the ancient Near East, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, as well as American firearms (especially Colt firearms) from the 19th and 20th centuries. Among the collection's 14,000 objects[54] are many pieces made for and used by kings and princes, including armor belonging to Henry VIII of England, Henry II of France, and Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.[citation needed]


Costume Institute[edit]

Main article: Anna Wintour Costume Center

  
Robe à la française 1740s, as seen in one of the exhibits at the Costume Institute



The Museum of Costume Art was founded by Aline Bernstein and Irene Lewisohn.[55] In 1946, with the financial support of the fashion industry, the Museum of Costume Art merged with The Metropolitan Museum of Art as The Costume Institute, and in 1959 became a curatorial department.[56] Today, its collection contains more than 35,000 costumes and accessories.[57] The Costume Institute used to have a permanent gallery space in what was known as the "Basement" area of the Met because it was downstairs at the bottom of the Met facility. However, due to the fragile nature of the items in the collection, the Costume Institute does not maintain a permanent installation. Instead, every year it holds two separate shows in the Met's galleries using costumes from its collection, with each show centering on a specific designer or theme. The Costume Institute is known for hosting the annual Met Gala and in the past has presented summer exhibitions such as Savage Beauty and China: Through the Looking Glass.[58][59][60]

In past years, Costume Institute shows organized around famous designers such as Cristóbal Balenciaga, Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Gianni Versace; and style doyenne like Diana Vreeland, Mona von Bismarck, Babe Paley, Jayne Wrightsman, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Nan Kempner, and Iris Apfel have drawn significant crowds to the Met. The Costume Institute's annual Benefit Gala, co-chaired by Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour, is an extremely popular, if exclusive, event in the fashion world; in 2007, the 700 available tickets started at $6,500 per person.[61]
Exhibits displayed over the past decade in the Costume Institute include: Rock Style, in 1999, representing the style of more than 40 rock musicians, including Madonna, David Bowie, and The Beatles; Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed, in 2001, which exposes the transforming ideas of physical beauty over time and the bodily contortion necessary to accommodate such ideals and fashion; The Chanel Exhibit, displayed in 2005, acknowledging the skilled work of designer Coco Chanel as one of the leading fashion names in history; Superheroes: Fashion and Fantasy, exhibited in 2008, suggesting the metaphorical vision of superheroes as ultimate fashion icons; the 2010 exhibit on the American Woman: Fashioning a National Identity, which exposes the revolutionary styles of the American woman from the years 1890 to 1940, and how such styles reflect the political and social sentiments of the time. The theme of the 2011 event was "Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty". Each of these exhibits explores fashion as a mirror of cultural values and offers a glimpse into historical styles, emphasizing their evolution into today's own fashion world. On January 14, 2014, the Met named the Costume Institute complex after Anna Wintour.[62] The curator is Andrew Bolton.[citation needed]


Drawings and prints[edit]

  
Melencolia I by Albrecht Dürer



Though other departments contain significant numbers of drawings and prints, the Drawings and Prints department specifically concentrates on North American pieces and western European works produced after the Middle Ages. The first Old Master drawings, comprising 670 sheets, were presented as a single group in 1880 by Cornelius Vanderbilt II and in effect launched the department, though it was not formally constituted as a department until later. Other early donors to the department include Junius Spencer Morgan II who presented a broad range of material, but mainly dated from the 16th century, including two woodblocks and many prints by Albrecht Dürer in 1919. Currently, the Drawings and Prints collection contains more than 17,000 drawings, 1.5 million prints, and 12,000 illustrated books.[63] The great masters of European painting, who produced many more sketches and drawings than actual paintings, are extensively represented in the Drawing and Prints collection. The department's holdings contain major drawings by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt, as well as prints and etchings by Van Dyck, Dürer, and Degas among many others. The curator is Nadine Orenstein.[citation needed]


Robert Lehman Collection[edit]

  
Robert Lehman Wing



On the death of banker Robert Lehman in 1969, his Foundation donated 2,600 works of art to the museum.[64] Housed in the "Robert Lehman Wing," the museum refers to the collection as "one of the most extraordinary private art collections ever assembled in the United States".[65] To emphasize the personal nature of the Robert Lehman Collection, the Met housed the collection in a special set of galleries which evoked the interior of Lehman's richly decorated townhouse; this intentional separation of the Collection as a "museum within the museum" met with mixed criticism and approval at the time, though the acquisition of the collection was seen as a coup for the Met.[66] Unlike other departments at the Met, the Robert Lehman collection does not concentrate on a specific style or period of art; rather, it reflects Lehman's personal interests. Lehman the collector concentrated heavily on paintings of the Italian Renaissance, particularly the Sienese school. Paintings in the collection include masterpieces by Botticelli and Domenico Veneziano, as well as works by a significant number of Spanish painters, El Greco and Goya among them. Lehman's collection of drawings by the Old Masters, featuring works by Rembrandt and Dürer, is particularly valuable for its breadth and quality.[67] Princeton University Press has documented the massive collection in a multi-volume book series published as The Robert Lehman Collection Catalogues.[citation needed]


Medieval art and the Cloisters[edit]

  
The Limbourg brothers' Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry



The Met's collection of medieval art consists of a comprehensive range of Western art from the 4th through the early 16th centuries, as well as Byzantine and pre-medieval European antiquities not included in the Ancient Greek and Roman collection. Like the Islamic collection, the Medieval collection contains a broad range of two- and three-dimensional art, with religious objects heavily represented. In total, the Medieval Art department's permanent collection numbers over 10,000 separate objects, divided between the main museum building on Fifth Avenue and The Cloisters.[68]


Main building[edit]

The medieval collection in the main Metropolitan building, centered on the first-floor medieval gallery, contains about 6,000 separate objects. While a great deal of European medieval art is on display in these galleries, most of the European pieces are concentrated at the Cloisters (see below). However, this allows the main galleries to display much of the Met's Byzantine art side by side with European pieces. The main gallery is host to a wide range of tapestries and church and funerary statuary, while side galleries display smaller works of precious metals and ivory, including reliquary pieces and secular items. The main gallery, with its high arched ceiling, also serves double duty as the annual site of the Met's elaborately decorated Christmas tree.[citation needed]


The Cloisters museum and gardens[edit]

Main article: The Cloisters

  
The Cloisters from the Hudson River



  
Photo of the interior of the Cloisters



The Cloisters was a principal project of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., a major benefactor of the Met. Located in Fort Tryon Park and completed in 1938, it is a separate building dedicated solely to medieval art. The Cloisters collection was originally that of a separate museum, assembled by George Grey Barnard and acquired in toto by Rockefeller in 1925 as a gift to the Met.[69]

The Cloisters are so named on account of the five medieval French cloisters whose salvaged structures were incorporated into the modern building, and the five thousand objects at the Cloisters are strictly limited to medieval European works.[70] The collection features items of outstanding beauty and historical importance; including the Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry illustrated by the Limbourg Brothers in 1409,[71] the Romanesque altar cross known as the "Cloisters Cross" or "Bury Cross",[72] and the seven tapestries depicting the Hunt of the Unicorn.[73]




Modern and contemporary art[edit]

With some 13,000 artworks, primarily by European and American artists, the modern art collection occupies 60,000 square feet (6,000 m2), of gallery space and contains many iconic modern works. Cornerstones of the collection include Picasso's portrait of Gertrude Stein, Jasper Johns's White Flag, Jackson Pollock's Autumn Rhythm (Number 30), and Max Beckmann's triptych Beginning. Certain artists are represented in remarkable depth, for a museum whose focus is not exclusively on modern art: for example, ninety works constitute the museum's Paul Klee collection, donated by Heinz Berggruen, spanning the entirety of the artist's life.[74] Due to the Met's long history, "contemporary" paintings acquired in years past have often migrated to other collections at the museum, particularly to the American and European Paintings departments.[citation needed]

In April 2013, it was reported that the museum was to receive a collection worth $1 billion from cosmetics tycoon Leonard Lauder. The collection of Cubist art includes work by Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and Juan Gris and went on display in 2014.[75] The Met has since added to the collection, for example spending $31.8 million for Gris' The musician's table in 2018.[76]


Musical instruments[edit]

  
Grand piano by Sébastien Érard, c. 1840



The Met's collection of musical instruments, with about 5,000 examples of musical instruments from all over the world, is virtually unique among major museums.[77] The collection began in 1889 with a donation of 270 instruments by Mary Elizabeth Adams Brown, who joined her collection to become the museum's first curator of musical instruments, named in honor of her husband, John Crosby Brown. By the time she died, the collection had 3,600 instruments that she had donated and the collection was housed in five galleries. Instruments were (and continue to be) included in the collection not only on aesthetic grounds, but also insofar as they embodied technical and social aspects of their cultures of origin. The modern Musical Instruments collection is encyclopedic in scope; every continent is represented at virtually every stage of its musical life. Highlights of the department's collection include several Stradivari violins, a collection of Asian instruments made from precious metals, and the oldest surviving piano, a 1720 model by Bartolomeo Cristofori. Many of the instruments in the collection are playable, and the department encourages their use by holding concerts and demonstrations by guest musicians.[citation needed]


Photographs[edit]

  
La Tour St. Jacques La Boucherie à Paris by Charles Soulier, 1867



The Met's collection of photographs, numbering more than 25,000 in total,[78] is centered on five major collections plus additional acquisitions by the museum. Alfred Stieglitz, a famous photographer himself, donated the first major collection of photographs to the museum, which included a comprehensive survey of Photo-Secessionist works, a rich set of master prints by Edward Steichen, and an outstanding collection of Stieglitz's photographs from his own studio. The Met supplemented Stieglitz's gift with the 8,500-piece Gilman Paper Company Collection, the Rubel Collection, and the Ford Motor Company Collection, which respectively provided the collection with early French and American photography, early British photography, and post-WWI American and European photography. The museum also acquired Walker Evans's personal collection of photographs, a particular coup considering the high demand for his works. The department of photography was founded in 1992. Though the department gained a permanent gallery in 1997, not all of the department's holdings are on display at any given time, due to the sensitive materials represented in the photography collection. However, the Photographs department has produced some of the best-received temporary exhibits in the Met's recent past, including a Diane Arbus retrospective and an extensive show devoted to spirit photography. In 2007, the museum designated a gallery exclusively for the exhibition of photographs made after 1960.[79]


Met Breuer[edit]

  
Met Breuer building in 2010, when it was the Whitney Museum of American Art.



Main article: Met Breuer

On March 18, 2016, the museum opened a new venue in the Marcel Breuer-designed building at Madison Avenue and 75th Street in Manhattan's Upper East Side, the former Whitney Museum of American Art.[80] It extends the museum's modern and contemporary art program.[81] In September 2018, it was announced that the Met intends to vacate the Met Breuer three years early, in 2020—in which case the Frick Collection will likely temporarily occupy the space as its main building undergoes renovations.[82][83][84]


Film[edit]

The Met has an extensive archive consisting of 1,500 films made and collected by the museum since the 1920s. As part of the museum's 150 anniversary commemoration, since January 2020, the museum uploads a film from its archive weekly onto YouTube.[85]


Digital representation of collections[edit]

Beginning in 2013, the Met organized the Digital Media Department for the purpose of increasing access of the museum's collections and resources using digital media and expanded website services. The first Chief Digital Officer Sree Sreenivasan from 2013 departed in 2016 and was replaced by Loic Tallon at the time that the department became known by its simplified designation as the Digital Department. At the start of 2017, the department began its Open Access initiative summarized on the Met's website titled "Digital Underground" stating: "It's been six months since The Met launched its Open Access initiative, which made available all 375,000+ images of public-domain works in The Met collection under Creative Commons Zero (CC0). During what is just the dawn of this new initiative, the responses so far have been incredible."[86] At that time, more than 375,000 photographic images from the museum's archival collection were released for public domain reproduction and use both by the general public and by large public access websites such as those available at Google BigQuery.[87]


Libraries[edit]

Each Department maintains a library, most of the material of which can be requested online through the libraries' catalog.[88] Two of the libraries may be accessed without an appointment:


Thomas J. Watson Library[edit]

Main article: Thomas J. Watson Library

The Thomas J. Watson Library is the central library of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and supports the activities of staff and researchers. Watson Library's collection contains approximately 900,000 volumes, including monographs and exhibition catalogs; over 11,000 periodical titles; and more than 125,000 auction and sale catalogs.[89] The Library includes a reference collection, auction and sale catalogs, a rare book collection, manuscript items, and vertical file collections. The Library is accessible to anyone 18 years of age or older simply by registering online and providing a valid photo ID.[90]


Nolen Library[edit]

The Nolen Library is open to the general public. The collection of some 8,000 items, arranged in open shelves, includes books, picture books, DVDs, and videos. The Nolen Library includes a children's reading room and materials for teachers.[91]


Special exhibitions[edit]

The museum regularly hosts notable special exhibitions, often focusing on the works of one artist that have been loaned out from a variety of other museums and sources for the duration of the exhibition. These exhibitions are part of the attraction that draw people both within and outside Manhattan to explore the Met. Such exhibitions include displays especially designed for the Costume Institute, paintings from artists from across the world, works of art related to specific art movements, and collections of historical artifacts. Exhibitions are commonly located within their specific departments, ranging from American decorative arts, arms and armor, drawings and prints, Egyptian art, Medieval art, musical instruments, and photographs. Typical exhibitions run for months at a time and are open to the general public. Each exhibition provides insight into the world of art as a transformative, cultural experience and often includes a historical analysis to demonstrate the profound impact that art has on society and its dramatic transformation over the years.[92]

In 1969, a special exhibition, titled "Harlem on My Mind" was criticized for failing to exhibit work by Harlem artists. The museum defended its decision to portray Harlem itself as a work of art.[93] Norman Lewis, Benny Andrews, Romare Bearden, Clifford Joseph, Roy DeCarava, Reginald Gammon, Henri Ghent, Raymond Saunders, and Alice Neel were among the artists who picketed the show.[94]


History[edit]

  
Opening reception in the picture gallery at 681 Fifth Avenue, February 20, 1872; wood-engraving published in Frank Leslie's Weekly, March 9, 1872



The New York State Legislature granted the Metropolitan Museum of Art an Act of Incorporation on April 13, 1870, "for the purpose of establishing and maintaining in said City a Museum and Library of Art, of encouraging and developing the Study of the Fine Arts, and the application of Art to manufacture and natural life, of advancing the general knowledge of kindred subjects, and to that end of furnishing popular instruction and recreations."[95] This legislation was supplemented later by the 1893 Act, Chapter 476, which required that its collections "shall be kept open and accessible to the public free of all charge throughout the year."[96] The founders included businessmen and financiers, as well as leading artists and thinkers of the day, who wanted to open a museum to bring art and art education to the American people.[4]

The museum first opened on February 20, 1872, housed in a building located at 681 Fifth Avenue.[97] John Taylor Johnston, a railroad executive whose personal art collection seeded the museum, served as its first president, and the publisher George Palmer Putnam came on board as its founding superintendent. The artist Eastman Johnson acted as co-founder of the museum,[98] as did landscape painter Frederic Edwin Church.[99] Various other industrialists of the age served as co-founders, including Howard Potter. The former Civil War officer, Luigi Palma di Cesnola, was named as its first director. He served from 1879 to 1904. Under their guidance, the Met's holdings, initially consisting of a Roman stone sarcophagus and 174 mostly European paintings, quickly outgrew the available space. In 1873, occasioned by the Met's purchase of the Cesnola Collection of Cypriot antiquities, the museum decamped from Fifth Avenue and took up residence at the Mrs. Nicholas Cruger Mansion also known as the Douglas Mansion (James Renwick, 1853–54, demolished 1928) at 128 West 14th Street.[100] However, these new accommodations proved temporary, as the growing collection required more space than the mansion could provide.[101] It moved into the current building in 1880. Between 1879 and 1895, the museum created and operated a series of educational programs, known as the Metropolitan Museum of Art Schools, intended to provide vocational training and classes on fine arts.[102]


  
The museum in 1914



In 1954, to mark the opening of its Grace Rainey Rogers concert hall, the museum inaugurated a series of concerts, adding art lectures in 1956. This "Concerts & Lectures program" grew over the years into 200 events each season.[103] The program presented such performers as Marian Anderson, Cecilia Bartoli, Judy Collins, Marilyn Horne, Burl Ives, Juilliard String Quartet, Yo-Yo Ma, Itzhak Perlman, Artur Rubinstein, András Schiff, Nina Simone, Joan Sutherland and André Watts, as well as lectures on art history, music, dance, theater and social history. The program was directed, from its inception to 1968, by William Kolodney, and from 1969 to 2010, by Hilde Limondjian.[104]

In the 1960s, the governance of the Met was expanded to include, for the first time, a chairman of the board of trustees in contemplation of a large bequest from the estate of Robert Lehman. For six decades Lehman built upon an art collection begun by his father in 1911 and devoted a great deal of time the Met, before finally becoming the first chairman of the board at the Metropolitan in the 1960s.[105] After his death in 1969, the Robert Lehman Foundation donated close to 3,000 works of art to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Housed in the Robert Lehman Wing, which opened to the public in 1975 and largely financed by the Lehman Foundation, the museum has called it "one of the most extraordinary private art collections ever assembled in the United States".[106]


  
The museum (left foreground) is located in Central Park.



The Metropolitan Museum of Art Centennial was celebrated with exhibitions, symposia, concerts, lectures, the reopening of refurbished galleries, special tours, social events, and other programming for eighteen months from October 1969 through the spring of 1971. The centennial's events (including an open house, Centennial Ball, year-long art history course for the public, and various educational programming and traveling exhibitions) and publications drew on support from prominent New Yorkers, artists, writers, composers, interior designers, and art historians.[107] In 2009 Michael Gross published The Secret History of the Moguls and the Money That Made the Metropolitan Museum, an unauthorized social history,[108] and the museum bookstore declined to sell it.[109][110]

In 2012, following the earlier appointment of Daniel Brodsky as chairman of the board at the Met, the by-laws of the museum were formally amended to recognize the office of the chairman as having authority over the assignment and review of the both the offices of president and director of the museum.[23] The office of chairman was first introduced relatively late in the museum's history in the 1960s in contemplation of the anticipated donation of the Lehman collection to the museum and has since that time, under Brodsky, become the most senior administrative position at the museum.[23] In January 2018, museum president Daniel Weiss announced that the century-old policy of free admission would be replaced by a $25 charge to out-of-state and foreign visitors, effective March 2018.[22] The museum temporarily closed in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, and reopened in late August;[111] this was the first time in over a century that the Met was closed for more than three consecutive days.[112]


Architecture[edit]

  
Street view of the Met



  
Charles Engelhard Court in the North Wing facing Central Park



After negotiations with the City of New York in 1871, the Met was granted the land between the East Park Drive, Fifth Avenue, and the 79th and 85th Street transverse roads in Central Park. A red-brick and stone "mausoleum" was designed by American architect Calvert Vaux and his collaborator Jacob Wrey Mould. Vaux's ambitious building was not well received; the building's High Victorian Gothic style being considered already dated prior to completion, and the president of the Met termed the project "a mistake".[113]

Within 20 years, a new architectural plan engulfing the Vaux building was already being executed. Since that time, many additions have been made, including the distinctive Beaux-Arts Fifth Avenue facade, Great Hall, and Grand Stairway. These were designed by architect and Met trustee Richard Morris Hunt, but completed by his son, Richard Howland Hunt in 1902 after his father's death.[114] The architectural sculpture on the facade is by Karl Bitter.[115]


  
Northern view of Central Park through the glass wall of the Temple of Dendur room



The wings that completed the Fifth Avenue facade in the 1910s were designed by the firm of McKim, Mead & White. The modernistic glass sides and rear of the museum are the work of Roche-Dinkeloo. Kevin Roche has been the architect for the master plan and expansion of the museum for the past 42 years. He is responsible for designing all of its new wings and renovations including but not limited to the American Wing, Greek and Roman Court, and recently opened Islamic Wing.[116]

The Met measures almost 1⁄4-mile (400 m) long and with more than 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) of floor space, more than 20 times the size of the original 1880 building.[117][118] The museum building is an accretion of over 20 structures, most of which are not visible from the exterior. The City of New York owns the museum building and contributes utilities, heat, and some of the cost of guardianship. The Charles Engelhard Court of the American Wing features the facade of the Branch Bank of the United States, a Wall Street bank that was facing demolition in 1913.[119][120]


Roof garden[edit]

  
Memantra by Frank Stella on exhibit in the roof garden.



The Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Roof Garden is located on the roof near the southwestern corner of the museum. The garden's cafe and bar is a popular museum spot during the mild-weathered months, especially on Friday and Saturday evenings when large crowds can lead to long lines at the elevators. The roof garden offers views of Central Park and the Manhattan skyline.[121][122] The garden is the gift of philanthropists Iris and B. Gerald Cantor, founder and chairman of securities firm Cantor Fitzgerald.[123] The garden was opened to the public on August 1, 1987.[124]

Every summer since 1998 the roof garden has hosted a single-artist exhibition.[122] The artists have been: Ellsworth Kelly (1998), Magdalena Abakanowicz (1999), David Smith (2000), Joel Shapiro (2001), Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen (2002), Roy Lichtenstein (2003), Andy Goldsworthy (2004), Sol LeWitt (2005), Cai Guo-Qiang (2006),[125] Frank Stella (2007), Jeff Koons (2008), Roxy Paine (2009), Big Bambú by Doug and Mike Starn (2010),[126] We Come in Peace by Huma Bhabha (2018),[127] and Parapivot by Alicja Kwade.[128]

The roof garden has views of the Manhattan skyline from a vantage point high above Central Park.[129] The views have been described as "the best in Manhattan."[130] Art critics have been known to complain that the view "distracts" from the art on exhibition.[131] New York Times art critic Ken Johnson complains that the "breathtaking, panoramic views of Central Park and the Manhattan skyline" creates "an inhospitable site for sculpture" that "discourages careful, contemplative looking."[132] Writer Mindy Aloff describes the roof garden as "the loveliest airborne space I know of in New York."[133] The cafe and bar in this garden are considered romantic by many.[129][134][135]


Landmark designations[edit]

The museum's main building was designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1967,[6] and its interior was separately recognized by the Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1977.[7] The Met's main building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986, recognizing both its monumental architecture, and its importance as a cultural institution.[136]


Management[edit]

Governance[edit]

Although the City of New York owns the museum building and contributes utilities, heat, and some of the cost of guardianship, the collections are owned by a private corporation of fellows and benefactors which totals about 950 persons. The museum is governed by a board of trustees of 41 elected members, several officials of the City of New York, and persons honored as trustees by the museum. The current chairman of the board, Daniel Brodsky was elected in 2011.[16] Other notable trustees include Anna Wintour, Richard Chilton, Candace Beinecke, Alejandro Santo Domingo[137] as well as Mayor Bill de Blasio and his appointee Ken Sunshine.[138] On March 10, 2015, the board of trustees chose Daniel Weiss, then president of Haverford College, to be the current president and chief operating officer of the Met, replacing Emily K. Rafferty, who served in that role for a decade.[139] The search for a new director and CEO for the museum was announced on February 28, 2017, and assigned to be conducted by the human resources firm Phillips Oppenheim following the departure of Thomas Campbell as the Met's director and previous CEO on June 30, 2017.[21] The activities of board of trustees is organized and based upon the activities of the individual trustees and their various committees as of 2016.[137] The several committees of the board of trustees include the committees listed as Nominating, Executive, Acquisitions, Finance, Investment, Legal, Education, Audit, Employee Benefits, External Affairs, Merchandising, Membership, Building, Technology and The Fund for the Met.[137]

The list of elective trustees of the Met for 2016–2017 included Jeffrey W. Greenberg, Bonnie B. Himmelman, and Andrew Solomon.[137]

In 2020, for the Met hired its first curator of Native American Art, Dr. Patricia Marroquin Norby.[140]


Finances[edit]

As of 2017, the museum's endowment as administered by the museum's new investment officer Lauren Meserve is US$3.1 billion which provides much of the income for operations while admissions account for only 13 percent of revenue as of fiscal 2016.[141][142][143] The 2009–10 operating budget was $221 million. The museum admission price as of March 2018 is $25 for out-of-state and foreign visitors, while New York state residents can pay what they wish to enter. Although subject to re-assessment,[144] a 1970 agreement between the museum and the city of New York requires New York state visitors to pay at least a nominal amount; a penny is acceptable.[145] The Met's finance committee is led by Hamilton E. James of The Blackstone Group, who is also one of the board members at the Met.[21] The Met is reported to have an Aaa credit rating, the highest such rating possible. This was last affirmed by Moody's in 2015.[146]

In 2019, museum President Daniel Weiss announced that the institution would review its policy for receiving financial donations, under pressure from activist group P.A.I.N. for the role that cultural institutions have played in whitewashing the Sackler family by receiving their donations.[147]


2015–2018 setbacks[edit]

In September 2016, the Wall Street Journal first reported financial set-backs at the museum related to servicing its outstanding debts and associated cut-backs in staffing at the museum, with the goal of trying to balance its budget by fiscal year 2018.[148] According to the Met's annual tax filing for fiscal year 2016, several top executives had received disproportionately high compensation, often exceeding $1 million per annum with over $100,000 bonuses per annum.[149]

In April 2017, The New York Times reported that the Met's annual debt was approaching $40 million, in addition to an outstanding museum bond for $250 million. This resulted in the indefinite postponement of a planned $600 million architectural expansion of the exhibition space for the museum's modern art collection as well as started a general discussion over the Met's human resources management.[150] The current chairman of the board at the Met elected in 2011, Daniel Brodsky,[151] stated in response to the Times reports that he "looked forward to working with my administrative and board colleagues to support a climate of candor, transparency, accountability and mutual respect."[150] In January 2018, Daniel Weiss as president of the museum stated that a downsized version of the original $600 million architectural expansion might be reconsidered as early as 2020 at a reduction to the $450 million level.[22]

Brodsky, the chairman of the Met, stated that after the 2017 financial setbacks, the director position would be appointed separately from the position of CEO. Following a commissioned report from the Boston Consulting Group, the current interim CEO, president, and COO of the Met, Daniel Weiss, said that the Met's 2015–2017 financial setbacks were caused by "slowing revenue, rising costs, and too many projects at once." Weiss was further reported as having hired Will Manzer, formerly an executive at Perry Ellis, to help re-invigorate recently declining revenues at the museum.[152] On April 26, Weiss stated that the budget shortfall of $15 million might require a re-assessment and increase in the museum's current admission payment policy. Weiss added that there remained concerns for a sustainable fiscal model for the Met in which city officials "have a right to a clear understanding of how we would be engaging the public, how we balance access with sustainability."[96] In May 2017, the Met filed formal proposal to attempt to charge admission fees to out-of-state visitors.[153] Robin Pogrebin, writing for the Times, reported that the request for out-of-state admissions would call for the re-legislation of the New York State 1893 Act which requires that the museum's collections "shall be kept open and accessible to the public free of all charge throughout the year," and any unlegislated changes would be subject to challenge by the New York State attorney general, Eric Schneiderman, or one of the tristate counselors, Christopher Porrino or George Jepsen.[153]

In January 2018, Pogrebin writing for The New York Times reported that amid-continuing reverbations from "a period of financial turbulence and leadership turmoil" that the museum president Daniel Weiss had announced that the museum would rescind its century-old policy of free admission to the museum and begin charging $25 for out-of-state visitors starting in March 2018.[22] Pogrebin stated that although the museum had made progress in decreasing its deficit from $40 million to $10 million, that an adverse decision from the City of New York to curtail funding for the Met's operating costs by as much as $8 million "for security and building staff" caused Weiss to announce the change in admissions policy. Weiss indicated that the new policy would be estimated to increase revenue from the current $43 million it receives from admissions to an enhanced revenue stream as high as US$49 million.[22]


Attendance[edit]

For the fiscal year 2017 which ended on June 30, the museum was reported as having 7 million visitors during the past year, where "37 percent of these were international visitors, while 30 percent came from New York's five boroughs."[154] Previously in 2016, the museum set a record for attendance, attracting 6.7 million visitors—the highest number since the museum began tracking admissions.[155] Forty percent of the Met's visitors in fiscal year 2016 came from New York City and the tristate area; 41 percent from 190 countries besides the United States.[155] In 2017, the attendance figures indicated seven million annual visitors with 63% of the visitors arriving from outside of New York State.[144]

Roberta Smith writing for The New York Times in September 2017 voiced growing public concern that proposed increases in admissions costs would have an adverse effect upon attendance statistics at the museum. Smith referred to the public perception that such costs would appear "greedy and inapproriate" because "The museum already gets around $39 million a year from its gate – equal to the entire annual budget of the Brooklyn Museum."[156] Smith's article continued to report the negative response of local communities in the tristate area surrounding the museum which was previously introduced in a series of articles by Robin Pogrebin written during the 2016–2017 fiscal year at the museum which criticized speculative suggestions among current administrators at the museum that an added revenue stream could be pursued by the museum by rescinding existing museum policy since 1893 allowing for free public access to the museum.[144] In January 2018, museum president Daniel Weiss announced that the century-old policy of free museum admission would be replaced. Effective March 2018, most visitors who do not live in New York state or are not a student from New York, New Jersey, or Connecticut have to pay $25 to enter the museum.[22] The City of New York has reduced funding at the Metropolitan as part of Mayor De Blasio's political effort to increase artistic diversity. They made an agreement to allow the fees in exchange for less funding which the city pledged to use at alternate facilities and promote diversity.[157]

Both Holland Carter and Roberta Smith of The New York Times have argued in response to Weiss's decision to rescind the previous free admission policy as lacking in responsible fiscal planning. They stated that a recent $65 million expenditure for renovating fountains seemed to be a poor allocation of the limited available funding. Smith added, "Those new awful Darth Vaderish fountains take huge chunks out of the plaza and disrupt movement," as an indication of the misuse of funds.[158] Further criticism of Weiss's proposal was voiced internationally when The Guardian summarized the backlash from the Weiss proposal for raising the admissions fees. It stated, "Some critics are outraged. The past week has seen a New York Times piece titled "The New Pay Policy Is a Mistake", while Jezebel's Aimée Lutkin claimed "The Met Should Be Fucking Free". The New York Post writes that the museum has never had the right to charge admission and Alexandra Schwartz in the New Yorker says the new policy diminishes New York City".[159]


Acquisitions and deaccessioning[edit]

See also: Looted art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art spent $39 million to acquire art for the fiscal year ending in June 2012.[160] At the same time, the museum is required to list in its annual report the total cash proceeds from art sales each year and to itemize any deaccessioned objects valued at more than $50,000 each. It must also sell those pieces at auction and provide advance public notice of a work being sold if it has been on view in the last ten years. These rules were imposed by the New York State Attorney General in 1972.[161]

During the 1970s, under the directorship of Thomas Hoving, the Met revised its deaccessioning policy. Under the new policy, the Met set its sights on acquiring "world-class" pieces, regularly funding the purchases by selling mid- to high-value items from its collection.[66] Though the Met had always sold duplicate or minor items from its collection to fund the acquisition of new pieces, the Met's new policy was significantly more aggressive and wide-ranging than before, and allowed the deaccessioning of items with higher values which would normally have precluded their sale. The new policy provoked a great deal of criticism (in particular, from The New York Times) but had its intended effect.[161]

Many of the items then purchased with funds generated by the more liberal deaccessioning policy are now considered the "stars" of the Met's collection, including Diego Velázquez's Portrait of Juan de Pareja and the Euphronios krater depicting the death of Sarpedon (which has since been repatriated to the Republic of Italy). In the years since the Met began its new deaccessioning policy, other museums have begun to emulate it with aggressive deaccessioning programs of their own.[162] The Met has continued the policy in recent years, selling such valuable pieces as Edward Steichen's 1904 photograph The Pond-Moonlight (of which another copy was already in the Met's collection) for a record price of $2.9 million.[163]

One of the most serious challenges to the Metropolitan Museum's reputation has been a series of allegations and lawsuits about its status as an institutional buyer of looted and stolen antiquities. Since the 1990s the Met has been the subject of numerous investigative reports and books critical of the Met's laissez-faire attitude to acquisition.[164][165] The Met has lost several major lawsuits, notably against the governments of Italy and Turkey, which successfully sought the repatriation of hundreds of ancient Mediterranean and Middle Eastern antiquities, with a total value in the hundreds of millions of dollars.[164]


Selected objects[edit]

	
			


			
Standing male worshiper, Mesopotamian, 2750-2600 BC(?)


			

		

	
			


			
Sphinx, c. 530 BC


			

		

	
			


			
Busto de Anicia Iuliana, Roman


			

		

	
			


			
Roman c. 430


			

		

	
			


			
Book Cover with Byzantine Icon of the Crucifixion, before 1085


			

		

	
			


			
Tabernacle of Cherves, c. 1220–1230


			

		

	
			


			
Spanish Processional Cross, late 11th – early 12th century, Asturias


			

		

	
			


			
Khatchkar. Basalt


			

		

	
			


			
Alpan carpet, 1800s


			

		

	
			


			
Scuola di biduino, portale da san leonardo al frigido, vicino massa carrara, c. 1170-80


			

		

	
			


			
Tomb of Ermengol IX of Urgell (died 1243)


			

		

	
			


			
The Crucified Christ, c. 1300, Northern Europe


			

		

	
			


			
Serpent labret with articulated tongue, c. 1300–1521, Aztec


			

		

	
			


			
Attributed to Jean de Touyl (French, died 1349), Reliquary Shrine from the convent of the Poor Clares at Buda


			

		

	
			


			
Attributed to Jean Le Noir or follower, Psalter of Bonne de Luxembourg, 14th-c illuminated manuscript


			

		

	
			


			
Doorway in granite, in oak, France, Limousin, 15th c, Aixe sur Vienne


			

		

	
			


			
Andrea da Giona, Altarpiece with Christ in Majesty, c. 1434


			

		

	
			


			
Schwaben, c. 1489


			

		

	
			


			
Aldobrandini Tazza of the Roman emperor Vitellius, c.1590s


			

		

	
			


			
Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century CE)


			

		

	
			


			
Muisca tunjo on stool, c. 10th-16th century, Lake Guatavita region, Altiplano Cundiboyacense


			

		

	
			


			
Andre-Charles Boulle (November 11, 1642 – February 29, 1732) – Commode


			

		

	
			


			
Interior of the early colonial home of John Wentworth, lieutenant governor of New Hampshire


			

		



Selected paintings[edit]

	
			


			
Robert Campin, Triptych with the Annunciation, known as the Mérode Altarpiece, c. 1425–1428


			

		

	
			


			
Jan van Eyck, Crucifixion and Last Judgement diptych, c. 1430–40


			

		

	
			


			
Rogier van der Weyden, Polyptych with the Nativity, c. 1450


			

		

	
			


			
Paolo Uccello, Portrait of a Lady, c. 1450, Florence


			

		

	
			


			
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Harvesters, 1565


			

		

	
			


			
Caravaggio, The Musicians, 1595


			

		

	
			


			
El Greco, Opening of the Fifth Seal 1608–1614


			

		

	
			


			
Georges de La Tour, The Fortune Teller, c.1630


			

		

	
			


			
Diego Velázquez, Portrait of Juan de Pareja, 1650


			

		

	
			


			
Rembrandt, Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer, 1653


			

		

	
			


			
Johannes Vermeer, Woman with a Lute, 1662


			

		

	
			


			
Francisco Goya, Don Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zúñiga, 1777-1778


			

		

	
			


			
Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Socrates, 1787


			

		

	
			


			
J.M.W. Turner, The Grand Canal, 1835


			

		

	
			


			
Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, 1836


			

		

	
			


			
Eugène Delacroix, Christ Asleep during the Tempest, 1853


			

		

	
			


			
Rosa Bonheur, The Horse Fair, 1853–1855


			

		

	
			


			
Édouard Manet, The Dead Christ with Angels, 1864


			

		

	
			


			
Edgar Degas, The Dancing Class, 1872


			

		

	
			


			
Édouard Manet, Boating 1874


			

		

	
			


			
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Mme. Charpentier and Her Children, 1878


			

		

	
			


			
Jules Bastien-Lepage, Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc), 1879


			

		

	
			


			
John Singer Sargent, Portrait of Madame X, 1884


			

		

	
			


			
Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait with Straw Hat, 1887


			

		

	
			


			
Paul Cézanne, Madame Cézanne (Hortense Fiquet, 1850–1922) in a Red Dress, 1888–90


			

		

	
			


			
Paul Cézanne, The Card Players, 1890–1892


			

		

	
			


			
Claude Monet, The Four Trees, (Four Poplars on the Banks of the Epte River near Giverny), 1891


			

		

	
			


			
Paul Gauguin, The Midday Nap, 1894


			

		

	
			


			
Winslow Homer, The Gulf Stream, 1899


			

		

	
			


			
Claude Monet, The Houses of Parliament (Effect of Fog), 1903–1904


			

		

	
			


			
Pablo Picasso, l'Acteur (The Actor), 1904–05


			

		

	
			


			
Henri Matisse, The Young Sailor II, 1906


			

		

	
			


			
Henri Rousseau, The Repast of the Lion, c. 1907


			

		

	
			


			
Georges Braque, Still Life with Mandola and Metronome, late 1909


			

		

	
			


			
Pablo Picasso, The Oil Mill (Moulin à huile), 1909


			

		

	
			


			
Pablo Picasso, Still Life with a Bottle of Rum, 1911


			

		

	
			


			
Wassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 27, Garden of Love II, 1912 (exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show)


			

		

	
			


			
Arthur Dove, Cow, 1914


			

		

	
			


			
Amedeo Modigliani, Jeanne Hébuterne, 1919


			

		



References[edit]

Footnotes[edit]


	^ The Metropolitan Opera in New York is also nicknamed "The Met"





Citations[edit]


	^ "Metropolitan Museum Launches New and Expanded Web Site" Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, press release, The Met, January 25, 2000

	^ "Today in Met History: April 13". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015.

	^ 
"The Metropolitan Museum of Art: About". Artinfo. 2008. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2013. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

	^ a b 
"Brief History of The Museum". Metmuseum.org. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2013.

	^ 
"Visitor Figures". www.theartnewspaper.com. Retrieved December 5, 2020.

	^ a b 
"Metropolitan Museum of Art" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. June 9, 1967. Retrieved July 28, 2019.

	^ a b 
"Metropolitan Museum of Art" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 19, 1977. Retrieved July 28, 2019.

	^ 
"National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.

	^ 
"Metropolitan Museum of Art". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 9, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2013.

	^ The Art Newspaper, April 2020

	^ "Metropolitan Museum Launches New and Expanded Web Site" Archived November 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, press release, The Met, January 25, 2000

	^ 
"The Metropolitan Museum of Art – Curatorial Departments". Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.

	^ 
de Montebello, Philippe (1997). Masterpieces of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 6–7. ISBN 0-300-10615-7.

	^ 
Pyhrr, Stuart W. (2003). Arms and Armor: Notable Acquisitions 1991–2002 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0-300-09876-6.

	^ 
Peck, Amelia (1996). Period Rooms in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 17, 275. ISBN 0-300-10522-3.

	^ a b 
Taylor, Kate (May 5, 2011). "Daniel Brodsky is Voted Chairman of the Metropolitan Museum of Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.

	^ 
Miriam Kreinin Souccar (September 10, 2008). "New Met Director has Lots of Company". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved September 10, 2008.

	^ 
Kelly Crow (September 10, 2008). "Met Selects Curator to Run Museum". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 6, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2008.

	^ 
"Thomas Campbell resigns as director of Metropolitan Museum of Art". BBC News. March 1, 2017. Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.

	^ 
Crow, Kelly (March 21, 2017). "A New Plan at the Metropolitan Museum". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2020.

	^ a b c 
Pogrebin, Robin (February 28, 2017). "Times Topics: Metropolitan Museum's Director Resigns Under Pressure". New York Times. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.

	^ a b c d e f 
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ISBN 978-0-06-188296-8





Sources[edit]


	Danziger, Danny (2007). Museum: Behind the Scenes at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Viking, New York City. 
ISBN 9780670038619.
	Howe, Winifred E., and Henry Watson Kent (2009). A History of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1. General Books, Memphis. 
ISBN 9781150535482.
	Tompkins, Calvin (1989). Merchants & Masterpieces: The Story of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Henry Holt and Company, New York. 
ISBN 0805010343.
	Trask, Jeffrey (2012). Things American: Art Museums and Civic Culture in the Progressive Era. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 
ISBN 9780812243628; A history that relates it the political context of the Progressive Era.




Further reading[edit]

	Vogel, Carol, "Grand Galleries for National Treasures", January 5; and Holland Cotter, "The Met Reimagines the American Story", review, January 15; two 2012 New York Times articles about American painting and sculpture galleries reopening after four-year renovation.


External links[edit]

		Wikimedia Commons has media related to Metropolitan Museum of Art.


	Official website
	The Metropolitan Museum of Art presents a Timeline of Art History
	Chronological list of special exhibitions at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
	Digital Collections from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
	Watsonline: The Catalog of the Libraries of The Metropolitan Museum of Art
	
Museum Libraries. "Metropolitan Museum of Art Publications". Digital Collections. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. (annual reports, collection catalogs, exhibit catalogs, etc.)
	Artwork owned by The Metropolitan Museum of Art
	Metropolitan Museum of Art at Wikipedia's GLAM initiative


		v
	t
	e


Metropolitan Museum of Art

	Places	
	Fifth Avenue	
	Anna Wintour Costume Center
	Astor Court
	Iris B. and Gerald Cantor Roof Garden
	Robert Goldwater Library
	Temple of Dendur
	Thomas J. Watson Library




	Other sites	
	The Cloisters
	Met Breuer






	

	Directors	
	Luigi Palma di Cesnola
	Caspar Purdon Clarke
	Edward Robinson
	Herbert Eustis Winlock
	Francis Henry Taylor
	James Rorimer
	Thomas Hoving
	Philippe de Montebello
	Thomas P. Campbell




	Miscellaneous	
	Met Gala
	Museum Mile
	Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide




	Antiquities	
	Bajaur casket
	Pratt Ivories
	Coffin of Nedjemankh
	Dipylon krater
	Magdeburg Ivories
	Armenian Gospel with Silver Cover
	Calligraphic Galleon
	Carp and Pine
	Chair of Reniseneb
	Fieschi Morgan Staurotheke
	Hounds and Jackals
	The Hunt of the Unicorn
	Hunting of Birds with a Hawk and a Bow
	Kettle Drums
	Miniature Altarpiece with the Crucifixion
	Modern Gothic cabinet
	Morgan Casket
	Pair of Incense Boxes in the Shape of Mandarin Ducks
	Pomegranate carved in the round
	Rectangular Octave Virginal
	Studiolo from the Ducal Palace in Gubbio
	The Triumph of Fame
	Vase with lid
	Woman Seen from the Back
	Persian king and the defeated enemies




	Paintings	
	1476 Altarpiece
	A Cavalryman
	A Vase of Flowers (1716)
	The Abduction of Rebecca
	The Accommodations of Desire
	The Actor (painting)
	Adoration of the Magi (Bosch, New York)
	Adoration of the Shepherds (Mantegna)
	The Aegean Sea
	The Afternoon Meal (Luis Meléndez)
	Alexander Hamilton (Trumbull)
	The Allegory of Faith
	Allegory of the Planets and Continents
	Alpine Pool
	Altman Madonna
	America Today
	Ancient Rome (painting)
	Annunciation (Memling)
	Annunziata Polyptych
	Anthony van Dyck self portrait
	Approaching Thunder Storm
	Arab Woman (watercolor)
	Arcadia (painting)
	Ariadne (Giorgio de Chirico)
	Aristotle with a Bust of Homer
	Artillery (Roger de la Fresnaye)
	The Artist's Wife and His Setter Dog
	At the Seaside
	Au Lapin Agile
	Autumn Ivy (Ogata Kenzan)
	Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)
	Bache Madonna
	Bain à la Grenouillère
	The Baker's Cart
	The Banks of the Bièvre near Bicêtre
	Banquet in Silence (Marsden Hartley)
	Bashi-Bazouk (Jean-Léon Gérôme)
	A Basket of Clams (Winslow Homer)
	Beauty Revealed
	Black Iris (painting)
	Black Stork in a Landscape
	Boating (Édouard Manet)
	Annunciation (Botticelli, New York)
	Bouquet of Small Chrysanthemums (Léon Bonvin)
	Boy Carrying a Sword
	The Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne
	Brigand and His Wife in Prayer
	Bringing Down Marble from the Quarries to Carrara
	The Brioche
	Broadway and 42nd Street
	Broken Eggs
	Burg Weiler Altarpiece
	Butler Madonna
	By the Seashore
	Ca' Dolfin Tiepolos
	The Calm Sea (painting)
	Camouflage Self-Portrait
	Cannon Rock (painting)
	The Card Players
	Catania and Mount Etna
	Cemetery, New Mexico (Marsden Hartley)
	Cervara Altarpiece
	The Chess Players (Eakins painting)
	Children Playing with a Goat
	Christ Carrying the Cross (El Greco, New York)
	Christ Presented to the People (Il Sodoma)
	Christ with a Staff
	Claes Duyst van Voorhout
	Coast Guard Station, Two Lights, Maine
	Coast Scene, Isles of Shoals
	The Collector of Prints (Edgar Degas)
	Comtesse de la Châtre
	Captain George K. H. Coussmaker
	Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue
	A Cowherd at Valhermeil, Auvers-sur-Oise
	Cows Crossing a Ford
	Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus)
	Crucifixion and Last Judgement diptych
	Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John
	The Cup of Tea (Mary Cassatt)
	Cypresses (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
	The Dance Class (Degas, Metropolitan Museum of Art)
	The Dancing Class
	The Dead Christ with Angels
	The Death of Harmonia
	The Death of Socrates
	The Defense of Champigny
	Delirious Hem
	The Denial of Saint Peter (Caravaggio)
	The Dream of Aeneas (Salvator Rosa)
	Dressing for the Carnival
	Madonna and Child (Duccio)
	Egyptian Woman with Earrings
	Egyptians Raising Water from the Nile
	The Empress Elizabeth of Russia on Horseback, Attended by a Page
	Entrance to a Dutch Port
	Equestrian Portrait of Cornelis and Michiel Pompe van Meerdervoort with Their Tutor and Coachman
	Esther before Ahasuerus (Artemisia Gentileschi)
	Ethel Scull 36 Times
	The Experts (painting)
	The Falls of Niagara
	The Farm at Les Collettes, Cagnes
	Femme Lisant
	Ferry near Gorinchem
	The Fingernail Test
	Fish Market (Joachim Beuckelaer)
	The Fishing Boat
	Fishing Boats, Key West
	The Five Points (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
	Florinda (painting)
	The Forest in Winter at Sunset (painting)
	The Fortune Teller (de La Tour)
	Fruit Dish and Glass
	The Funeral (painting)
	Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
	Garden at Sainte-Adresse
	George Washington (Trumbull)
	Gilbert Stuart (Goodridge)
	A Girl Asleep
	Girl with a Cat (Gwen John)
	Glass Blowers of Murano
	Golden Cock and Hen
	A Goldsmith in His Shop, Possibly Saint Eligius
	The Great Sirens
	The Gulf Stream (painting)
	Harlequin with a Guitar
	The Harvest, Pontoise
	The Harvesters (painting)
	Haystacks:Autumn
	Head of Christ (Rembrandt, New York)
	The Heart of the Andes
	The Hermit (Il solitario)
	The Horse Fair
	Houses on the Achterzaan
	I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold
	In a Courtyard, Tangier
	The Interior of an Atelier of a Woman Painter (Lemoine)
	Interior with a Young Couple and a Dog
	Irises screen
	Isaac Blessing Jacob (Gerbrand van den Eeckhout)
	Isle of the Dead (painting)
	Italian Hill Town (Arthur B. Davies)
	Jo, the Beautiful Irishwoman
	Joy of Life (Suzanne Valadon)
	Juan Legua
	July Fourteenth, Rue Daunou, 1910
	The Kearsarge at Boulogne
	The Lacemaker (Maes)
	Lachrymae (Frederic Leighton)
	Lady at the Tea Table
	Lady with the Rose (Charlotte Louise Burckhardt)
	Lake George (John Frederick Kensett)
	Landscape with Sky
	The Last Communion of Saint Jerome (Botticelli)
	Lehman Madonna
	Lilacs in a Window
	Lobster Fishermen (Marsden Hartley)
	The Lovesick Maiden
	Lukas Spielhausen
	Lydia Crocheting in the Garden at Marly (Mary Cassatt)
	Madame Élisabeth de France
	Madame Grand (Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun)
	Madonna and Child (Bellini, New York, 1485–1490)
	Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints (Raphael)
	Magdalene with Two Flames
	The Maidservant
	Maine Coast
	Majas on a Balcony
	Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zúñiga
	The Marriage of the Virgin (Michelino da Besozzo)
	The Martyrdom of Saint Barbara (Lucas Cranach the Elder)
	The Masquerade Dress
	The Matador Saluting
	Max Schmitt in a Single Scull
	Mérode Altarpiece
	Merry company with two men and two women
	Mezzetino (painting)
	The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (painting)
	Miss V Dressed as a Bullfighter
	Model by the Wicker Chair
	Mont Sainte-Victoire and the Viaduct of the Arc River Valley
	Moonlight, Wood Island Light
	Morning, An Overcast Day, Rouen
	Moses Striking the Rock
	Mother and Child (Cassatt)
	Mountain Stream (John Singer Sargent)
	Mountain with Red House
	Movement No. 5, Provincetown Houses
	Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Phelps Stokes
	Mrs. Atkinson (Gwen John)
	Mrs. Beckington (Alice Beckington)
	Mrs. Hugh Hammersley
	The Musician (Bartholomeus van der Helst painting)
	A Musician and His Daughter
	The Musicians (Caravaggio)
	Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine (Memling)
	Nativity scenes attributed to Zanobi Strozzi
	Night-Shining White
	Northeaster (painting)
	Nude Before a Mirror
	Oedipus and the Sphinx
	Pity (William Blake)







	Links to related articles

	
	
	v
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	e


Tourist attractions in New York City

	More than 10 million
annual visitors	
	Times Square (50 M)
	Central Park (40 M)
	Grand Central Terminal (21.6 M)
	Broadway (13.2 M)
	South Street Seaport (12 M)
	Rockefeller Center




	1 to 10 million
annual visitors	
	High Line (7.6 M)
	Metropolitan Museum of Art (6.3 M)
	American Museum of Natural History (5.0 M)
	National September 11 Memorial & Museum (5.0 M)
	Empire State Building (3.5 M)
	Museum of Modern Art (2.8 M)
	Statue of Liberty (2.4 M)
	One World Trade Center (2.3 M)
	Bronx Zoo (1.8 M)
	Ellis Island (1.7 M)




	Note: Visitor numbers are estimates only.
See also: Tourism in New York City




	
	v
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Museums in Manhattan

	Financial District and Battery Park
(Below Chambers St)	
	Castle Clinton
	China Institute
	Federal Hall National Memorial
	Fraunces Tavern
	George Gustav Heye Center
	Mmuseumm
	Museum of American Finance
	Museum of Jewish Heritage
	National September 11 Memorial & Museum
	New York City Police Museum
	Skyscraper Museum
	South Street Seaport




	Lower Manhattan
(Chambers-14th Sts)	
	Asian American Arts Centre
	Drawing Center
	Eldridge Street Synagogue
	FusionArts Museums
	International Center of Photography
	Leslie-Lohman Museum of Gay and Lesbian Art
	Lower East Side Tenement Museum
	Merchant's House Museum
	Museum of Chinese in America
	New Museum
	New York City Fire Museum
	The Theatre Museum
	Ukrainian Museum
	Whitney Museum of American Art




	Chelsea, Flatiron, Gramercy
(14th-34th Sts)	
	Center for Jewish History
	International Print Center New York
	John J. Harvey
	The Museum at FIT
	Museum of Sex
	National Museum of Mathematics
	Poster House
	Rubin Museum of Art
	The Shed
	Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace
	Tibet House




	Midtown
(34th-59th Sts)	
	Girl Scout Museum and Archives
	Houdini Museum of New York
	Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum
	Japan Society
	John M. Mossman Lock Museum
	Madame Tussauds New York
	Morgan Library & Museum
	Museum of Arts and Design
	Museum of Modern Art
	New York Public Library Main Branch
	New York Transit Museum
	Paley Center for Media
	Scandinavia House
	United Nations Art Collection




	Upper West Side
(59th-125th Sts west of 5th Av)	
	American Folk Art Museum
	American Museum of Natural History
	Rose Center for Earth and Space


	Children's Museum of Manhattan
	New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
	New-York Historical Society
	Nicholas Roerich Museum
	Rose Museum




	Upper East Side and East Harlem
(59th-125th Sts along or east of 5th Av)	
	Asia Society
	El Museo del Barrio
	Frick Collection
	Gracie Mansion
	Grolier Club
	Guggenheim Museum
	Jewish Museum
	Met Breuer
	Metropolitan Museum of Art
	Mount Vernon Hotel Museum
	Museum of Motherhood
	Museum of the City of New York
	National Academy Museum and School
	Neue Galerie New York




	Upper Manhattan
(Above 125th St)	
	American Academy of Arts and Letters
	The Cloisters
	Dyckman House
	Hamilton Grange National Memorial
	Hispanic Society of America
	Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center
	Morris–Jumel Mansion
	National Jazz Museum in Harlem
	National Track and Field Hall of Fame
	Yeshiva University Museum
	Studio Museum in Harlem




	Islands	
	Ellis Island
	Statue of Liberty
	Statue of Liberty Museum






	Defunct	
	Chelsea Art Museum
	Dahesh Museum of Art
	Forbes Galleries
	Museum of Biblical Art
	Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
	Museum of Primitive Art




	
	See also: Museum Mile







	
	v
	t
	e


Structures on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan

	
	Below 34th Street

	
	1
	47 (Salmagundi Club)
	110 (Judge)
	153 (Scribner)
	159–161
	170 (Sohmer Piano)
	173 (Flatiron)
	200 (Toy Center)
	255 (Grand Madison)
	272 (Marble Collegiate Church)
	276 (Holland House)
	277
	284 (The Wilbraham)
	339 (Demarest)
	350 (Empire State)







	
	34th–59th Streets

	
	355 (B. Altman and Company)
	390 (Gorham)
	400 (The Langham, New York)
	401 (Tiffany and Company)
	424 (Lord & Taylor)
	425
	452 (HSBC)
	453 (Mid-Manhattan Library)
	461
	476 (New York Public Library)
	500
	510 (Manufacturers Trust Company)
	551 (Fred F. French)
	556 (Philippine Center)
	597 (Charles Scribner's Sons)
	608 (Goelet/Swiss Center)
	St. Patrick's Cathedral
	Rockefeller Center
	British Empire Building
	La Maison Francaise
	International Building


	641 (Olympic Tower)
	650
	653 (Cartier)
	666
	Saint Thomas Church
	University Club of New York
	693 (St. Regis)
	696 (The Peninsula)
	Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church
	712
	714 (Coty)
	721 (Trump Tower)
	730 (Crown)
	L. P. Hollander Company
	767 (General Motors)
	768 (Plaza Hotel)







	
	59th–96th Streets

	
	781 (The Sherry-Netherland)
	785 (Park Cinq)
	The Metropolitan Club
	The Pierre
	Knickerbocker Club
	810
	820
	825
	Edward J. Berwind House
	834
	Mrs. William B. Astor House
	880
	Henry Clay Frick House
	Frick Collection


	907
	927
	930
	Edward S. Harkness House
	960
	James B. Duke House
	972 (Payne Whitney House)
	995
	998
	1000 (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
	1009 (Benjamin N. Duke House)
	1040
	1048
	Neue Galerie New York


	1049
	1071 (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum)
	1085 (Church of the Heavenly Rest)
	Andrew Carnegie Mansion
	Cooper Hewitt


	Otto H. Kahn House
	1109 (Felix M. Warburg House)
	Jewish Museum


	1130 (Willard D. Straight House)







	
	Above 96th Street

	
	Mount Sinai Hospital
	1220 (Museum of the City of New York)
	1230 (El Museo del Barrio)
	1280 (The Africa Center)
	2067 (St. Andrew's Episcopal Church)
	2366 (369th Regiment Armory)







	
	Parks & park features

	
	Bryant Park
	Central Park
	Arsenal
	Central Park Zoo
	Conservatory Garden
	Harlem Meer


	Grand Army Plaza
	William Tecumseh Sherman
	Pulitzer Fountain


	Madison Square Park
	Marcus Garvey Park
	Harlem Fire Watchtower


	Washington Square Park
	Arch









	
	Subway stations

	
	42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue
	Fifth Avenue/53rd Street
	Fifth Avenue–59th Street







	
	Former

	
	200 (Fifth Avenue Hotel)
	Hotel Victoria
	Caspar Samler farm
	350 (Waldorf–Astoria)
	391 (Gunther)
	West Presbyterian Church
	William K. Vanderbilt House
	767 (Savoy-Plaza Hotel)
	840 (Mrs. William B. Astor House)
	857 (Jay Gould House)
	857 (George J. Gould House)
	858 (Isaac Stern House)
	871 (William C. Whitney House)
	Ogden Mills House
	Lenox Library
	962 (William A. Clark House)
	1020 (William Salomon House)
	1058 (James Speyer House)
	1063 (Henry Phipps House)
	1115 (Jacob Ruppert Sr. House)
	2122 (Jordan L. Mott House)
	Temple Beth-El










	
	v
	t
	e


U.S. National Register of Historic Places in New York

	Topics	
	Contributing property
	Keeper of the Register
	Historic district
	History of the National Register of Historic Places
	National Park Service
	Property types



	



	Lists
by county	
	Albany
	Allegany
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	Broome
	Cattaraugus
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	Cortland
	Delaware
	Dutchess
	Erie
	Essex
	Franklin
	Fulton
	Genesee
	Greene
	Hamilton
	Herkimer
	Jefferson
	Kings (Brooklyn)
	Lewis
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	Madison
	Monroe
	Montgomery
	Nassau
	New York (Manhattan)
	Niagara
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	Onondaga
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	Orange
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	Queens
	Rensselaer
	Richmond (Staten Island)
	Rockland
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	Wayne
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	Northern
	Southern


	Wyoming
	Yates




	Lists
by city	
	Albany
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	New York City
	Bronx
	Brooklyn
	Queens
	Staten Island
	Manhattan
	Below 14th St.
	14th–59th St.
	59th–110th St.
	Above 110th St.
	Minor islands




	Niagara Falls
	Peekskill
	 Poughkeepsie
	Rhinebeck
	Rochester
	Syracuse
	Yonkers




	Other lists	
	Bridges and tunnels
	National Historic Landmarks




	
	 Category
	 List
	 National Register of Historic Places Portal







	
	v
	t
	e


Muisca

	
	Topics

	
	General	
	Agriculture
	Architecture
	Art
	Astronomy
	Calendar
	Cuisine
	Economy
	Mummification
	Music
	Muysccubun
	Mythology
	Numerals
	Religion
	Society
	Toponyms
	Warfare
	Women




	Specific	
	Battle of Pasca (~1470)
	Battle of Chocontá (~1490)
	Chicha
	Duit
	Emeralds
	Muisca raft
	Ruana
	Tejo
	Tunjo
	Zoratama




	The Salt People	
	Zipaquirá
	Nemocón
	Tausa
	Sesquilé










	
	Geography and history

	
	Altiplano
Cundiboyacense	
	Bogotá River
	Frío
	Fucha
	Juan Amarillo
	Soacha
	Teusacá
	Torca
	Tunjuelo


	Bogotá savanna
	Suba Hills
	Wetlands


	Eastern Hills
	Flora & fauna
	Suárez River
	Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley




	Neighbouring areas	
	Ocetá Páramo
	Tenza Valley




	History	
	Prehistory (<10,000 BP)	
	Lake Humboldt
	El Abra
	Tibitó
	Sueva
	Tequendama




	Lithic (10,000 - 2800 BP)	
	Piedras del Tunjo
	Checua
	Galindo
	Nemocón
	Sáchica
	Aguazuque
	Lake Herrera
	El Infiernito




	Ceramic (>800 BC)	
	Herrera (800 BC - 800)
	Early Muisca (800 - 1200)
	Muisca Confederation (~1450 - 1540)
	Cabildo Mayor (>2002)













	
	Religion and mythology

	
	Deities	
	Chiminigagua
	Bachué
	Chía
	Sué
	Bochica
	Huitaca
	Chibchacum
	Cuchavira
	Nencatacoa
	Chaquén
	Chibafruime
	Guahaioque




	Sacred sites	
	Built	
	Sun Temple
	Moon Temple
	Cojines del Zaque
	Goranchacha Temple
	Hunzahúa Well




	Natural	
	Fúquene
	Guasca
	Guatavita
	Iguaque
	Siecha
	Suesca
	Tota
	Ubaque
	Tequendama Falls







	Mythology	
	Myths	
	El Dorado
	Monster of Lake Tota




	Mythological figures	
	Goranchacha
	Idacansás
	Pacanchique
	Thomagata













	
	Caciques and neighbours

	
	Northern caciques	
	zaque of Hunza	
	Hunzahúa
	Michuá
	Quemuenchatocha
	Aquiminzaque




	iraca of Suamox	
	Nompanim
	Sugamuxi




	cacique of Tundama 	
	Tundama







	Southern caciques	
	zipa of Bacatá	
	Meicuchuca
	Saguamanchica
	Nemequene
	Tisquesusa
	Sagipa




	cacique of Turmequé	
	Diego de Torres y Moyachoque







	Neighbours	
	Chibcha-speaking	
	U'wa
	Sutagao
	Guane
	Lache




	Arawak-speaking	
	Achagua
	Tegua
	Guayupe




	Cariban-speaking	
	Panche
	Muzo
	Yarigui













	
	Spanish conquest

	
	Conquistadors	
	Major	
	Gonzalo de Quesada
	Hernán de Quesada
	Baltasar Maldonado
	Gonzalo Suárez Rendón
	Juan de Céspedes
	Juan de San Martín




	Minor	
	Antonio Díaz de Cardoso
	Antonio de Lebrija
	Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano
	Gonzalo García Zorro
	Gonzalo Macías
	Hernán Venegas Carrillo
	Juan de Albarracín
	Juan del Junco
	Juan Tafur
	Lázaro Fonte
	Luis Lanchero
	Martín Galeano
	Martín Yañéz Tafur
	Miguel Holguín y Figueroa
	Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
	Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela
	Pedro Ruíz Corredor







	Neighbouring conquests	
	Conquest of the Chibchan Nations
	Conquest of the Muzo
	Conquest of the Panche
	Battle of Tocarema (1538)












	
	Research and collections

	
	Scholars	
	Acosta
	Acosta Samper
	De Aguado
	Arango
	Broadbent
	De Castellanos
	Celis
	Correal
	Duquesne
	Freyle
	Friede
	Gamboa
	Groot
	Hammen
	Humboldt
	Izquierdo
	Langebaek
	De Lugo
	Ocampo
	De Piedrahita
	De Quesada
	Reichel-Dolmatoff
	Schrimpff
	Simón
	Triana
	Uricoechea
	Zerda



	

	Publications	
	Elegías (1589)
	El Carnero (1638)
	Epítome (1889)




	Research institutes	
	ICANH
	Universidad Nacional
	Universidad de los Andes
	Universidad La Javeriana
	University of Pittsburgh
	UPTC




	Collections	
	Museo del Oro
	Archaeology Museum of Sogamoso
	Archaeology Museum of Pasca
	Metropolitan Museum of Art










	
	 Category
	Portal
	Images 











	Authority control 	
	BIBSYS: 15044961
	BNE: XX114302
	BNF: cb118704754 (data)
	CANTIC: a10123672
	GND: 1008914-7
	ISNI: 0000 0004 1936 8761
	LCCN: n79129629
	MBP: afeb719d-754f-4c76-967a-834455ea7e91
	NDL: 00290946
	NKC: kn20020322190
	NLA: 36247933
	NLG: 221657
	NLI: 000092674
	SELIBR: 290971
	SNAC: w6nx2pnk
	SUDOC: 026460386
	Trove: 1236370
	ULAN: 500125157
	VcBA: 494/2346
	VIAF: 126238294
	 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79129629














Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art&oldid=1000292488"


		Categories: 	Metropolitan Museum of Art
	African art museums in the United States
	Art museums established in 1872
	Art museums in New York City
	Asian art museums in New York (state)
	Cultural infrastructure completed in 1880
	Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
	Central Park
	Egyptological collections in the United States
	Fashion museums in the United States
	Fifth Avenue
	Institutions accredited by the American Alliance of Museums
	Modern art museums in the United States
	Museums in Manhattan
	Museums of ancient Greece in the United States
	Museums of ancient Rome in the United States
	Museums of Ancient Near East
	Pre-Columbian art museums in the United States
	Musical instrument museums in the United States
	Museums of American art
	National Historic Landmarks in Manhattan
	Order of Arts and Letters of Spain recipients
	Richard Morris Hunt buildings
	Rockefeller family
	Textile museums in the United States
	1872 establishments in New York (state)
	Armour collections
	New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan
	New York City designated historic districts
	Historic districts in Manhattan
	Art museums established in 1870
	Musical instrument museums
	New York City interior landmarks


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