id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 1 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 4 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 5 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 19 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 21 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 23 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 25 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 27 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 29 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 30 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 31 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 1 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 1 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 2 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 4 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 7 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 10 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 12 Asiatic asiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 13 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 14 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 15 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 16 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 17 km.t[1 km.t[1 JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 19 ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 21 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 23 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 24 Originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 26 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 27 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 28 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 30 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 32 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 34 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 35 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 37 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 40 Nubian Nubian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 41 kingdoms)[2 kingdoms)[2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 43 Ethnicity Ethnicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 44 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 45 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 47 Copts Copts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 48 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 49 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 50 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 51 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 52 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 53 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 54 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 55 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 56 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 58 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 60 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 62 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 64 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 65 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 66 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 67 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 69 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 70 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 73 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 74 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 75 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 76 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 77 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 78 churches church VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 79 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 80 Revitalisation Revitalisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 81 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 82 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 83 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 84 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 85 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 86 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 88 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 89 century[3 century[3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 90 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 91 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 92 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 93 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 94 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 95 Asiatic asiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 96 Egyptian egyptian NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 97 Dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 98 Upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 2 99 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9749 3 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 3 2 4][5 4][5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 3 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 3 4 † † `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 3 5 Lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 3 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 2 4][5 4][5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 4 † † VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 5 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 6 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 7 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 8 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 9 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 11 cursive cursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 12 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 14 hieratic hieratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 16 demotic demotic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 18 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 20 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 22 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 24 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 25 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 27 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 28 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 30 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 31 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 33 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 34 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 35 transliterations transliteration NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 37 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 38 hieroglyphic hieroglyphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 39 dictionaries[6 dictionaries[6 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 40 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 42 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 43 codes code VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 44 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 45 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 46 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 47 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 48 egy egy NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 50 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 51 cop cop NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 53 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 55 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 56 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 57 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 58 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 59 egy egy NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 61 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 62 cop cop NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 63 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 64 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 66 Glottolog Glottolog NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 67 egyp1246 egyp1246 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 68 Linguasphere Linguasphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 69 11-AAA 11-aaa CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 70 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 72 Ebers Ebers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 73 Papyrus Papyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 74 detailing detail VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 75 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 77 asthma asthma NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 78 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 79 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 80 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 81 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 82 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 4 83 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 1 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 2 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 3 rendering rendering JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 4 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 9 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 10 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 12 boxes box NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 16 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 17 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 19 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 20 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 5 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 2 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 5 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 7 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 8 n n NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 9 km.t km.t NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 11 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 13 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 17 ˈraʔ ˈraʔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 18 n̩ˈku.mat n̩ˈku.mat '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 21 Coptic coptic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 23 ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ)[1][7 ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ)[1][7 LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 27 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 29 Asiatic asiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 30 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 33 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 35 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 36 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 6 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 2 attestation attestation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 3 stretches stretch VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 4 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 6 extraordinarily extraordinarily RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 7 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 12 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 13 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 14 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 16 mid-4th mid-4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 17 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 18 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 20 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 21 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 7 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 2 earliest early RBS en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 3 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 4 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 5 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 6 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 9 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 11 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 12 2690 2690 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 16 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 21 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 22 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 23 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 26 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 28 Sumerian Sumerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 8 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 4 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 5 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 6 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 10 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 11 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 14 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 17 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 18 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 20 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 22 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 24 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 25 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 27 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 28 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 30 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 31 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 9 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 2 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 5 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 7 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 10 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 12 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 13 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 16 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 18 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 21 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 23 Christianisation Christianisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 10 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 1 Spoken Spoken NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 2 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 4 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 5 extinct extinct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 8 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 13 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 15 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 18 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 22 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 23 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 24 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 26 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 11 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 2 9][10 9][10 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 4 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 6 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 9 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 10 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 11 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 12 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 13 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 14 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 15 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 16 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 17 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 18 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 19 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 21 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 22 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 23 Dialects Dialects NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 24 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 25 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 26 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 27 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 28 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 29 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 30 Consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 31 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 32 Vowels Vowels NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 33 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 34 Phonotactics phonotactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 35 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 36 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 37 5.5 5.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 38 Egyptological egyptological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 39 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 40 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 41 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 42 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 43 Nouns Nouns NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 44 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 45 Pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 46 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 47 Verbs Verbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 48 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 49 Adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 50 6.5 6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 51 Prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 52 6.6 6.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 53 Adverbs Adverbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 54 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 55 Syntax Syntax NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 56 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 57 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 58 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 59 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 60 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 61 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 62 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 63 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 64 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 65 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 66 Bibliography Bibliography NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 67 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 68 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 69 13.1 13.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 70 Overviews Overviews NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 71 13.2 13.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 72 Grammars grammar VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 73 13.3 13.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 74 Dictionaries dictionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 75 13.4 13.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 76 Online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 77 dictionaries dictionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 78 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 79 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 80 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 81 Classification[edit Classification[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 82 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 83 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 84 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 85 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 86 belongs belong VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 87 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 88 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 89 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 90 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 91 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 12 92 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 4 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 6 typological typological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 7 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 9 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 12 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 13 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 16 fusional fusional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 17 morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 19 nonconcatenative nonconcatenative NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 20 morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 23 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 25 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 26 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 29 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 31 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 32 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 33 /a /a . en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 34 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 35 u/ u/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 37 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 38 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 39 suffix suffix NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 40 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 41 -at -at : en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 43 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 44 m- m- IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 46 adjectival adjectival NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 47 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 48 -ī -ī : en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 50 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 51 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 52 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 53 affixes affix NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 13 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 4 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 7 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 8 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 10 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 12 variously variously RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 13 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 16 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 18 shares share VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 20 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 21 affinities affinity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 23 Berber,[12 Berber,[12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 26 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 14 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 2 13][14 13][14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 5 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 8 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 10 Afroasiatic Afroasiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 11 voiced voice VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 12 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 13 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 14 /d /d . en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 15 z z NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 16 ð/ ð/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 17 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 19 pharyngeal pharyngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 20 ⟨ꜥ⟩ ⟨ꜥ⟩ CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 21 /ʕ/ /ʕ/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 23 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 24 ꜥr.t ꜥr.t NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 25 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 26 portal portal NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 27 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 29 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 30 dalt dalt NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 31 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 32 door door NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 33 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 15 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 1 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 2 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 3 /l/ /l/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 4 merged merge VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 6 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 7 ⟨n⟩ ⟨n⟩ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 9 ⟨r⟩ ⟨r⟩ CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 11 ⟨ꜣ⟩ ⟨ꜣ⟩ CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 14 ⟨j⟩ ⟨j⟩ VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 17 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 21 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 24 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 29 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 32 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 33 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 16 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 1 Original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 2 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 3 /k /k . en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 4 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 5 ḳ/ ḳ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 6 palatalise palatalise VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 8 ⟨ṯ ⟨ṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 9 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 10 ḏ⟩ ḏ⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 13 environments environment NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 16 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 18 ⟨k ⟨k ADD en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 19 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 20 q⟩ q⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 22 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 17 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 5 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 9 biradical biradical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 11 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 12 monoradical monoradical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 13 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 16 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 19 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 20 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 22 triradical triradical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 23 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 18 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 1 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 3 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 5 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 8 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 9 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 10 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 11 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 12 regularizations regularization NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 13 converting convert VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 14 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 17 triradical triradical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 18 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 19 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 5 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 8 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 9 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 11 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 13 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 14 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 17 morphological morphological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 18 repertoire repertoire NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 20 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 21 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 23 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 26 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 29 Afroasiatic Afroasiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 31 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 34 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 35 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 37 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 20 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 3 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 4 possibilities possibility NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 6 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 8 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 9 undergone undergo VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 10 radical radical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 11 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 13 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 15 Afroasiatic Afroasiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 16 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 19 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 22 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 23 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 25 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 26 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 27 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 28 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 31 excessively excessively RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 32 Semito semito JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 34 centric centric NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 35 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 36 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 40 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 41 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 42 Tsereteli Tsereteli NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 43 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 45 Afroasiatic Afroasiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 46 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 47 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 48 allogenetic allogenetic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 49 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 50 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 52 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 53 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 55 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 21 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 4 History[edit History[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 7 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 10 conventionally conventionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 11 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 13 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 14 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 15 chronological chronological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 16 divisions:[18 divisions:[18 NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 18 Archaic Archaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 19 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 21 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 22 2600 2600 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 23 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 27 reconstructed reconstructed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 28 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 31 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 32 Dynastic Dynastic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 33 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 35 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 36 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 38 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 39 2600 2600 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 40 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 41 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 42 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 46 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 49 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 50 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 52 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 53 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 55 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 56 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 57 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 58 1350 1350 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 59 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 63 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 66 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 67 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 68 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 69 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 70 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 71 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 72 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 73 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 74 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 75 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 76 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 77 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 78 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 79 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 81 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 82 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 84 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 85 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 86 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 87 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 88 1350 1350 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 89 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 90 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 91 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 92 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 94 Amarna Amarna NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 95 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 96 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 97 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 98 Intermediate Intermediate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 99 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 100 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 101 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 102 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 103 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 104 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 105 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 106 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 107 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 108 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 109 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 110 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 111 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 112 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 113 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 114 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 115 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 116 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 117 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 118 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 119 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 120 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 121 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 122 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 123 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 124 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 125 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 126 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 127 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 128 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 129 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 130 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 131 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 132 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 133 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 134 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 135 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 136 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 137 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 138 Christianisation Christianisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 139 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 140 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 141 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 142 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 143 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 144 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 145 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 22 146 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 3 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 6 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 7 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 10 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 11 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 12 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 14 hieroglyphic hieroglyphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 16 hieratic hieratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 17 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 23 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 1 Demotic demotic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 4 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 7 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 8 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 10 hieratic hieratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 11 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 14 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 24 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 2 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 3 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 5 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 8 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 9 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 12 adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 14 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 15 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 25 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 3 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 4 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 8 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 11 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 12 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 14 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 15 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 17 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 19 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 21 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 22 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 25 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 26 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 26 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 1 Diagram Diagram NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 2 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 4 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 8 lects lect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 10 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 15 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 16 register register NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 27 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 2 Egyptian[edit egyptian[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 4 Seal seal NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 5 impression impression NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 8 tomb tomb NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 10 Seth Seth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 12 Peribsen Peribsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 14 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 16 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 17 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 18 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 19 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 21 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 23 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 25 Archaic Archaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 26 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 29 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 30 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 33 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 34 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 36 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 40 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 41 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 42 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 44 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 45 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 46 millennia millennia NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 47 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 28 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 3 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 4 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 6 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 7 3300 3300 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 8 BC,[19 BC,[19 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 10 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 14 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 15 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 16 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 17 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 19 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 22 transitional transitional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 23 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 25 proto proto NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 27 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 29 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 31 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 32 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 33 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 36 27th 27th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 37 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 38 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 40 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 41 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 42 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 44 nisba nisba NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 45 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 46 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 47 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 48 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 49 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 50 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 29 51 . . . 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 12 2690 2690 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 17 seal seal NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 18 impression impression NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 19 reads read VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 21 d(m)ḏ.n.f d(m)ḏ.n.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 22 tꜣwj tꜣwj NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 23 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 24 zꜣ.f zꜣ.f -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 25 nsw.t nsw.t CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 27 bj.t(j bj.t(j NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 29 pr pr NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 31 jb.sn(j jb.sn(j NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 33 unite unite VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 35 PRF.3SG[22 prf.3sg[22 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 37 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 39 DUAL.PREP DUAL.PREP NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 40 son.3SG son.3SG NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 41 sedge sedge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 31 42 - 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 10 2650 2650 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 13 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 14 2575 2575 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 18 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 21 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 23 hieroglyphic hieroglyphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 24 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 26 regularized regularized JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 36 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 4 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 6 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 8 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 37 10 supplanted supplant VBN 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speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 12 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 13 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 14 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 16 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 17 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 18 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 39 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 6 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 7 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 9 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 11 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 12 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 40 14 the the DT 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en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 33 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 35 Elephantine Elephantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 37 ”[4][5 ”[4][5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 39 Recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 41 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 42 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 44 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 45 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 46 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 47 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 48 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 50 pairs pair NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 52 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 53 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 55 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 64 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en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 4 Written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 5 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 7 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 8 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 9 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 12 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 13 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 15 graphic graphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 16 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 18 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 19 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 21 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 22 Saidic saidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 23 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 26 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 27 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 28 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 32 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 33 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 34 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 36 currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 37 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 39 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 40 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 41 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 65 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 2 4][5 4][5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 4 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 5 systems[edit systems[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 7 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 8 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 15 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 17 stone stone NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 19 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 66 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 2 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 3 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 5 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 6 hieroglyphic hieroglyphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 7 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 9 zẖꜣ zẖꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 10 n n NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 11 mdw mdw VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 13 nṯr nṯr NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 16 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 19 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 20 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 21 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 67 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 2 31][citation 31][citation CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 6 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 8 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 11 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 13 perishable perishable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 14 papyrus papyrus NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 16 hieratic hieratic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 19 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 21 demotic demotic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 25 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 26 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 68 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 5 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 7 cursive cursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 8 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 12 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 13 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 15 papyrus papyru NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 20 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 23 Dead Dead NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 26 Twentieth Twentieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 27 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 31 simpler simple JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 33 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 34 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 36 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 38 stone stone NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 39 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 42 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 43 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 44 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 45 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 46 cursive cursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 48 hieratic hieratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 50 lacked lack VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 52 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 53 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 55 ligatures ligature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 69 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 6 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 8 stone stone NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 10 cut cut VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 11 hieratic hieratic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 16 lapidary lapidary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 17 hieratic hieratic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 70 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 9 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 10 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 12 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 15 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 16 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 17 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 19 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 20 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 21 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 71 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 1 Hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 3 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 6 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 8 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 12 ideograms ideogram NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 14 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 16 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 17 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 20 pictures picture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 23 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 24 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 27 phonograms phonogram NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 29 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 31 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 32 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 72 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 3 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 4 realisation realisation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 6 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 10 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 12 certainty certainty NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 14 Egyptologists egyptologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 15 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 17 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 19 transliteration transliteration NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 21 denote denote VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 22 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 23 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 25 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 27 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 30 uniliteral uniliteral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 31 hieroglyph hieroglyph NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 73 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 4 Phonology[edit phonology[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 6 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 7 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 9 Transliteration Transliteration NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 11 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 12 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 13 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 15 consonantal consonantal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 16 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 19 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 21 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 23 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 26 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 27 phonetics phonetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 29 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 32 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 34 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 35 opinions opinion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 37 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 39 classify classify VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 41 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 42 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 74 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 4 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 5 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 7 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 10 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 11 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 15 Archaic Archaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 17 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 18 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 19 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 20 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 23 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 25 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 27 separates separate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 28 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 29 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 31 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 32 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 34 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 35 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 36 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 37 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 75 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76 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 76 18 pharyngeal pharyngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 76 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 76 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 76 21 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 76 22 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 76 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 1 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 3 contrasted contrast VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 4 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 6 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 7 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 12 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 13 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 16 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 17 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 19 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 20 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 22 realised realise VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 24 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 77 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 2 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 4 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 7 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 9 stops stop NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 13 voicing voicing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 18 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 19 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 22 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 23 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 25 tenuis tenuis NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 27 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 28 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 32 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 33 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 34 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 37 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 39 aspirated aspirated JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 41 ejective ejective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 42 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 46 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 47 Cushitic cushitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 48 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 78 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 5 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 8 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 9 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 10 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 12 reconstructions reconstruction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 16 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 17 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 19 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 20 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 21 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 23 rely rely VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 24 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 26 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 28 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 30 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 32 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 33 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 35 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 36 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 37 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 40 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 41 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 42 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 43 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 44 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 79 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 3 scribal scribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 4 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 5 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 6 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 8 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 10 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 80 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 6 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 7 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 8 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 11 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 17 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 18 specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 81 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 4 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 7 Egyptological egyptological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 8 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 14 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 15 bears bear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 16 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 17 resemblance resemblance NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 21 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 23 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 24 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 26 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 82 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 1 Consonants[edit consonants[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 4 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 5 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 7 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 9 Archaic Archaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 11 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 12 2600 2600 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 16 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 17 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 19 2686–2181 2686–2181 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 20 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 24 IPA IPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 25 equivalents equivalent NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 27 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 28 brackets bracket NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 29 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 31 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 34 usual usual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 35 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 36 scheme scheme NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 38 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 39 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 40 consonants[35 consonants[35 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 42 Labial Labial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 43 Alveolar Alveolar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 44 Postalveolar Postalveolar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 45 Palatal Palatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 46 Velar Velar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 47 Uvular Uvular NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 48 Pharyngeal Pharyngeal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 49 Glottal Glottal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 50 Nasal Nasal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 51 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 52 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 53 Stop Stop NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 54 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 55 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 56 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 57 ṯ ṯ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 58 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 59 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 60 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 61 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 62 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 63 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 64 ʔ ʔ DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 65 voiced voice VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 66 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 67 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 68 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 69 ḏ ḏ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 70 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 71 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 72 ɟ ɟ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 73 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 74 ɡ ɡ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 75 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 76 Fricative fricative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 77 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 78 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 79 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 80 š š NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 81 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 82 ʃ ʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 83 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 84 ẖ ẖ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 85 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 86 ç ç NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 87 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 88 ḫ ḫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 89 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 90 χ χ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 91 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 92 ḥ ḥ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 93 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 94 ħ ħ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 95 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 96 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 97 voiced voice VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 98 z z NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 99 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 100 ꜣ ꜣ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 101 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 102 ȝ ȝ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 103 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 104 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 105 ʁ ʁ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 106 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 107 ꜥ ꜥ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 109 ʿ ʿ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 110 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 111 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 112 ʕ ʕ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 113 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 114 Approximant Approximant NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 115 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 116 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 117 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 118 Trill Trill NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 119 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 120 * * : en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 121 Possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 83 122 unvoiced unvoiced JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-9749 84 22 /r/. /r/. 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en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 9 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 10 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 12 ⟨jt⟩ ⟨jt⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 13 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 14 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 15 /ˈjaːtVj/ /ˈjaːtVj/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 16 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 17 father father NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 18 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 21 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 22 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 24 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 25 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 27 ⟨bjn⟩ ⟨bjn⟩ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 28 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 29 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 30 /ˈbaːjin/ /ˈbaːjin/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 31 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 32 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 33 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 37 ⟨jj⟩ ⟨jj⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 38 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 40 medially medially RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 41 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 42 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 44 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 45 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 47 ⟨ḫꜥjjk⟩ ⟨ḫꜥjjk⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 48 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 49 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 50 /χaʕˈjak/ /χaʕˈjak/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 51 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 52 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 53 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 54 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 55 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 87 56 ) ) -RRB- 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) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 13 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 15 consonantal consonantal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 16 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 17 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 18 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 88 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 3 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 6 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 7 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 8 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 10 /z/ /z/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 12 /s/ /s/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 14 merged merge VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 89 15 , , , 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90 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 16 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 17 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 19 ⟨jwn⟩ ⟨jwn⟩ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 20 /jaˈwin/ /jaˈwin/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 21 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 22 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 23 /ʔaˈwin/ /ʔaˈwin/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 25 colour colour NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 29 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 31 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 32 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 34 ⟨ḥjpw⟩ ⟨ḥjpw⟩ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 35 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 36 /ˈħujpVw/ /ˈħujpVw/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 37 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 38 /ˈħeʔp(Vw)/ /ˈħeʔp(Vw)/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 39 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 40 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 42 god god NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 43 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 44 Apis apis NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 45 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 90 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 5 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 6 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 8 1069–700 1069–700 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 13 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 14 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 15 ḏ ḏ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 16 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 17 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 18 merge merge VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 21 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 22 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 23 ṯ ṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 24 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 26 ⟨dbn⟩ ⟨dbn⟩ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 27 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 28 /ˈdiːban/ /ˈdiːban/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 29 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 30 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 31 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 32 ti ti NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 34 ba ba NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 35 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 36 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 37 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 38 dbn dbn NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 40 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 41 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 91 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 3 ṯ ṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 4 ḏ ḏ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 6 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 7 /t /t . en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 8 d/ d/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 13 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 16 lexemes lexeme NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 18 ꜣ ꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 19 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 20 /ʔ/ /ʔ/ , en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 23 /t /t . en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 24 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 25 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 26 w/ w/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 27 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 28 /ʔ/ /ʔ/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 31 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 34 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 35 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 37 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 38 null null JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 39 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 41 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 42 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 43 ⟨pḏ.t⟩ ⟨pḏ.t⟩ LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 44 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 45 /ˈpiːɟat/ /ˈpiːɟat/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 46 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 47 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 48 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 49 -pi -pi : en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 51 ta ta NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 52 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 53 bow bow NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 54 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 92 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 4 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 5 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 6 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 9 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 10 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 14 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 15 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 16 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 18 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 20 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 22 1st–17th 1st–17th CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 23 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 24 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 93 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 2 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 3 ẖ ẖ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 4 ḫ ḫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 5 ḥ ḥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 7 merged merge VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 9 ϣ ϣ IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 10 š š NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 12 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 13 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 15 ḫ ḫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 18 ϩ ϩ LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 19 /h/ /h/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 21 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 22 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 23 ẖ ẖ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 24 ḥ ḥ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 94 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 1 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 3 Akhmimic Akhmimic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 6 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 10 velar velar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 11 fricative fricative NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 12 /x/ /x/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 14 ϧ ϧ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 16 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 18 ⳉ ⳉ LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 20 Akhmimic Akhmimic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 95 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 4 Pharyngeal pharyngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 6 ꜥ ꜥ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 8 merged merge VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 10 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 11 /ʔ/ /ʔ/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 15 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 17 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 20 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 21 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 96 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 4 /ʔ/ /ʔ/ , en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 7 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 8 orthographically orthographically RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 9 unless unless IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 11 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 13 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 14 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 16 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 20 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 22 doubling double VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 24 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 25 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 27 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 29 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 32 Akhmimic akhmimic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 33 ⳉⲟⲟⲡ ⳉⲟⲟⲡ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 34 /xoʔp/ /xoʔp/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 36 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 38 Lycopolitan Lycopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 39 ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϣⲟⲟⲡ JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 40 šoʔp šoʔp JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 42 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 43 ϣⲟⲡ ϣⲟⲡ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 44 šoʔp šoʔp JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 45 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 47 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 48 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 49 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 50 ḫpr.w ḫpr.w NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 51 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 52 /ˈχapraw/ /ˈχapraw/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 53 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 54 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 55 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 56 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 97 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 2 39][nb 39][nb CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 3 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 6 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 7 ⲃ ⲃ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 8 /b/ /b/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 10 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 11 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 14 fricative fricative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 15 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 16 β β NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 19 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 20 ⲡ ⲡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 21 /p/ /p/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 22 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 24 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 25 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 27 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 30 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 31 closed close VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 33 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 34 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 36 compare compare VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 37 ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 38 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 39 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 40 /ˈnaːbaw/ /ˈnaːbaw/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 41 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 42 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 43 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 45 ⲧⲁⲡ ⲧⲁⲡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 46 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 47 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 48 /dib/ /dib/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 49 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 50 horn horn NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 51 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 98 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 5 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 6 /d /d . en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 7 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 8 z/ z/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 9 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 12 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 13 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 16 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 17 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 18 triggered trigger VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 21 nearby nearby JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 22 /n/ /n/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 24 ⲁⲛⲍⲏⲃⲉ/ⲁⲛⲥⲏⲃⲉ ⲁⲛⲍⲏⲃⲉ/ⲁⲛⲥⲏⲃⲉ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 25 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 26 ꜥ.t ꜥ.t NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 27 n.t n.t NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 28 sbꜣ.w sbꜣ.w NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 29 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 30 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 31 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 99 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 6 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 7 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 8 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 100 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 1 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 2 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 3 rendering rendering JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 4 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 9 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 10 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 12 boxes box NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 16 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 17 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 19 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 20 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 101 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 1 Earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 2 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 3 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 4 ḏ ḏ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 5 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 6 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 8 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 10 ejective ejective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 11 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 12 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 13 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 14 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 15 k k NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 16 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 17 k k NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 18 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 19 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 20 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 22 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 102 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 4 graphemes grapheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 9 pulmonic pulmonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 10 stops stop NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 12 ⟨ ⟨ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 13 ⲧ ⲧ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 14 ϫ ϫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 15 ⲕ⟩ ⲕ⟩ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 19 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 22 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 23 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 25 inferred infer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 26 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 28 stops stop NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 29 ⟨ ⟨ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 30 ⲡ ⲡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 31 ⲧ ⲧ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 32 ϫ ϫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 33 ⲕ⟩ ⲕ⟩ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 34 /p /p NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 35 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 36 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 37 k/ k/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 38 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 39 allophonically allophonically RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 40 aspirated aspirate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 41 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 42 pʰ pʰ IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 43 tʰ tʰ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 44 cʰ cʰ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 45 kʰ kʰ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 47 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 48 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 49 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 51 sonorant sonorant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 52 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 103 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 5 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 8 allophones allophone NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 10 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 13 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 14 graphemes grapheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 15 ⟨ ⟨ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 16 ⲫ ⲫ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 17 ⲑ ⲑ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 18 ϭ ϭ CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 19 ⲭ⟩ ⲭ⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 23 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 24 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 26 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 27 aspiration aspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 29 Sahidic sahidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 30 ⲡⲣⲏ ⲡⲣⲏ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 32 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 33 ⲫⲣⲏ ⲫⲣⲏ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 34 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 36 sun sun NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 37 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 104 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 2 41][nb 41][nb CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 5 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 7 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 8 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 10 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 11 aspiration aspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 13 reflexes reflex NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 15 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 16 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 17 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 18 ḏ ḏ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 19 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 20 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 22 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 24 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 25 ⲧⲁⲡ ⲧⲁⲡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 26 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 27 /dib/ /dib/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 28 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 29 horn horn NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 30 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 105 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 4 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 7 definite definite JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 9 ⲡ ⲡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 11 unaspirated unaspirate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 12 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 14 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 15 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 16 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 19 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 20 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 22 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 23 ⲡ ⲡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 24 + + CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 25 ⲱⲡ ⲱⲡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 26 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 27 ⲡⲱⲡ ⲡⲱⲡ XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 28 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 30 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 31 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 106 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 5 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 6 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 8 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 11 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 13 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 14 consonants[43 consonants[43 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 16 Labial Labial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 17 Dental Dental NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 18 Palatal Palatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 19 Velar Velar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 20 Glottal Glottal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 21 Nasal Nasal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 22 ⲙ ⲙ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 23 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 24 ⲛ ⲛ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 25 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 26 Stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 27 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 28 ⲡ ⲡ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 30 ⲫ ⲫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 32 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 34 pʰ pʰ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 36 ⲧ ⲧ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 38 ⲑ ⲑ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 40 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 42 tʰ tʰ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 44 ϫ ϫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 46 ϭ ϭ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 48 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 50 cʰ cʰ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 52 ⲕ ⲕ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 54 ⲭ ⲭ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 56 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 58 kʰ kʰ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 60 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 61 ʔ ʔ LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 62 ejective ejective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 63 ⲧ ⲧ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 64 tʼ tʼ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 65 ϫ ϫ UH en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 66 cʼ cʼ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 67 ⲕ ⲕ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 68 kʼ kʼ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 69 voiced voice VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 70 ⲇ ⲇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 71 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 72 ⲅ ⲅ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 73 ɡ ɡ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 74 Fricative fricative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 75 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 76 ϥ ϥ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 77 f f NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 78 ⲥ ⲥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 79 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 80 ϣ ϣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 81 ʃ ʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 82 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 83 ϧ ϧ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 85 ⳉ ⳉ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 86 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 88 x x SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 89 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 90 ϩ ϩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 91 ħ ħ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 92 voiced voice VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 93 ⲃ ⲃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 94 β β NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 95 ⲍ ⲍ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 96 z z NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 97 Approximant Approximant NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 98 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 99 ⲟ)ⲩ ⲟ)ⲩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 100 w w NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 101 ⲗ ⲗ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 102 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 103 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 104 ⲉ)ⲓ ⲉ)ⲓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 105 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 106 Trill Trill NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 107 ⲣ ⲣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 108 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 109 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 110 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 111 orthographic orthographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 112 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 113 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 114 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 115 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 107 116 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 1 Vowels[edit vowels[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 3 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 6 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 7 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 8 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 10 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 11 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 13 Earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 14 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 15 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 16 system[37 system[37 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 18 Front front VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 19 Back back RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 20 Close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 21 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 22 iː iː VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 23 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 24 uː uː NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 25 Open Open NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 26 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 27 aː aː NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 28 Vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 29 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 30 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 31 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 33 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 34 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 36 ⟨tpj⟩ ⟨tpj⟩ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 37 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 38 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 39 /taˈpij/ /taˈpij/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 40 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 41 first first JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 42 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 45 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 47 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 48 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 49 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 51 ⟨rmṯ⟩ ⟨rmṯ⟩ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 52 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 53 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 54 /ˈraːmac/ /ˈraːmac/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 55 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 56 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 57 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 60 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 61 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 62 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 63 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 64 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 65 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 66 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 67 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 69 closed close VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 70 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 71 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 72 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 73 ⟨jnn⟩ ⟨jnn⟩ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 74 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 75 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 76 /jaˈnan/ /jaˈnan/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 77 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 78 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 79 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 81 ⟨mn⟩ ⟨mn⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 82 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 83 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 84 /maːn/ /maːn/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 85 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 86 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 87 stay stay VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 88 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 89 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 108 90 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 6 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 8 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 10 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 11 Ramses Ramses NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 12 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 14 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 15 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 18 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 19 /ˈaː/ /ˈaː/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 20 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 22 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 23 /ˈoː/ /ˈoː/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 25 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 27 Canaanite canaanite JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 28 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 31 ⟨ḥrw⟩ ⟨ḥrw⟩ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 32 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 35 god god NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 37 Horus Horus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 38 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 39 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 40 /ħaːra/ /ħaːra/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 41 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 42 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 43 /ħoːrə/ /ħoːrə/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 45 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 46 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 48 -ḫuru -ḫuru NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 109 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 2 38][45 38][45 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 4 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 5 /uː/ /uː/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 7 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 9 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 11 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 12 /eː/ /eː/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 14 ⟨šnj⟩ ⟨šnj⟩ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 15 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 16 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 17 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 18 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 19 /ʃuːn /ʃuːn . en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 110 21 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 2 j/ j/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 3 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 4 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 5 /ʃeːnə/ /ʃeːnə/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 7 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 8 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 10 -sini -sini NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 111 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 8 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 10 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 11 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 12 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 13 /ˈi/ /ˈi/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 14 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 16 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 17 /ˈe/ /ˈe/ SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 19 ⟨mnj⟩ ⟨mnj⟩ `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 21 Menes Menes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 23 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 24 /maˈnij/ /maˈnij/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 25 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 26 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 27 /maˈneʔ/ /maˈneʔ/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 29 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 30 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 32 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 34 né né NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 36 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 112 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 4 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 6 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 7 1000–800 1000–800 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 11 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 12 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 13 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 14 /ˈu/ /ˈu/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 15 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 17 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 18 /ˈe/ /ˈe/ XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 20 ⟨ḏꜥn.t⟩ ⟨ḏꜥn.t⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 22 Tanis Tanis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 24 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 25 /ˈɟuʕnat/ /ˈɟuʕnat/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 27 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 29 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 31 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 32 ṣuʕn ṣuʕn NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 34 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 35 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 36 transcribed transcribed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 38 ⟨ṣe ⟨ṣe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 40 e'-nu e'-nu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 41 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 42 ṣa ṣa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 44 a'-nu⟩ a'-nu⟩ NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 45 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 47 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 49 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 50 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 113 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 4 Unstressed unstresse VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 5 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 7 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 10 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 12 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 13 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 14 /ə/ /ə/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 16 ⟨nfr⟩ ⟨nfr⟩ `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 17 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 18 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 19 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 20 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 21 /ˈnaːfir/ /ˈnaːfir/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 22 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 23 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 24 /ˈnaːfə/ /ˈnaːfə/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 26 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 27 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 28 -na -na : en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 32 pa pa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 114 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 4 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 5 /iː/ /iː/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 6 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 8 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 9 /eː/ /eː/ , en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 10 next next RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 12 /ʕ/ /ʕ/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 14 /j/ /j/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 16 ⟨wꜥw⟩ ⟨wꜥw⟩ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 17 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 18 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 19 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 20 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 21 /wiːʕiw/ /wiːʕiw/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 22 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 23 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 24 /weːʕə/ /weːʕə/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 26 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 27 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 28 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 30 ú ú LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 32 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 34 ú ú NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 36 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 38 ú ú NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 40 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 42 eḫ eḫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 115 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 4 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 5 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 6 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 7 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 8 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 9 BC[46 bc[46 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 11 Front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 12 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 13 Back back RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 14 Close close RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 15 iː iː NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 16 Mid Mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 17 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 18 eː eː NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 19 ə ə NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 20 oː oː RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 21 Open open VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 23 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 24 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 26 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 27 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 29 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 30 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 31 stressed stress VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 32 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 33 /ˈa/ /ˈa/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 34 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 35 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 36 /ˈo/ /ˈo/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 38 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 39 /ˈe/ /ˈe/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 40 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 41 /ˈa/ /ˈa/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 44 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 45 unchanged unchanged JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 48 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 49 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 50 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 51 ⟨sn⟩ ⟨sn⟩ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 52 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 53 /san/ /san/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 54 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 55 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 56 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 57 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 58 Sahaidic Sahaidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 60 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 61 ⟨son⟩ ⟨son⟩ '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 63 Akhminic Akhminic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 65 Lycopolitan Lycopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 67 Fayyumic Fayyumic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 68 ⟨san⟩ ⟨san⟩ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 69 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 70 ⟨rn⟩ ⟨rn⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 71 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 72 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 73 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 74 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 75 /rin/ /rin/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 76 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 77 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 78 /ren/ /ren/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 79 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 80 Sahaidic Sahaidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 82 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 83 ⟨ran⟩ ⟨ran⟩ '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 85 Akhminic Akhminic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 87 Lycopolitan Lycopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 88 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 89 Fayyumic Fayyumic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 116 90 ⟨ren⟩. ⟨ren⟩. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 6 Sahaidic Sahaidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 8 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 9 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 10 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 11 /ˈa/ /ˈa/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 14 Fayyumic Fayyumic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 15 renders render VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 18 ⟨e⟩ ⟨e⟩ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 21 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 23 guttural guttural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 24 fricatives fricative NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 26 ⟨ḏbꜥ⟩ ⟨ḏbꜥ⟩ LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 27 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 28 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 29 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 30 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 31 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 32 /ˈbaʕ/ /ˈbaʕ/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 33 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 34 Sahaidic Sahaidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 36 Akhmimic Akhmimic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 38 Lycopolitan Lycopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 39 ⟨tba⟩ ⟨tba⟩ '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 41 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 42 ⟨tʰba⟩ ⟨tʰba⟩ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 44 Fayyumic fayyumic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 117 45 ⟨tbe⟩. ⟨tbe⟩. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 2 Akhmimic Akhmimic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 4 Lycopolitan Lycopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 6 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 7 /ˈa/ /ˈa/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 8 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 9 /ˈo/ /ˈo/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 10 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 11 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 12 /ʕ /ʕ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 14 ʔ/ ʔ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 16 ⟨jtrw⟩ ⟨jtrw⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 17 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 18 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 19 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 20 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 21 /ˈjatraw/ /ˈjatraw/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 22 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 23 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 24 /jaʔr(ə)/ /jaʔr(ə)/ : en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 25 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 26 Sahaidic sahaidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 27 ⟨eioor(e)⟩ ⟨eioor(e)⟩ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 29 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 30 ⟨ior⟩ ⟨ior⟩ CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 32 Akhminic Akhminic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 33 ⟨ioore ⟨ioore NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 35 iôôre⟩ iôôre⟩ ADD en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 37 Fayyumic Fayyumic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 38 ⟨iaal ⟨iaal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 118 40 iaar⟩. iaar⟩. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 1 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 4 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 6 /ˈaj/ /ˈaj/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 8 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 9 /ˈaw/ /ˈaw/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 12 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 14 reflexes reflex NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 15 /ˈoj/ /ˈoj/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 17 /ˈow/ /ˈow/ : en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 19 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 22 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 25 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 29 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 30 ⟨ôi⟩ ⟨ôi⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 33 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 34 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 35 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 36 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 39 ⟨ôou⟩ ⟨ôou⟩ : en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 40 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 44 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 47 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 48 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 49 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 50 ⟨eroi ⟨eroi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 52 eroou⟩ eroou⟩ ADD en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 54 Akhminic Akhminic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 56 Lycopolitan Lycopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 57 ⟨arai ⟨arai NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 59 arau⟩ arau⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 61 Fayyumic Fayyumic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 62 ⟨elai ⟨elai NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 64 elau⟩ elau⟩ NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 66 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 67 ⟨eroi ⟨eroi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 119 69 erôou⟩. erôou⟩. JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 1 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 3 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 4 preserve preserve NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 6 /ˈe/ /ˈe/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 7 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 8 /ʔ/ /ʔ/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 10 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 13 lenited lenite VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 14 /t /t . en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 15 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 16 j/ j/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 18 tonic tonic NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 20 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 21 coda coda NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 22 /w/ /w/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 26 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 28 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 29 ⟨ne⟩ ⟨ne⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 30 /neʔ/ /neʔ/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 31 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 33 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 35 fem fem NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 120 38 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 121 1 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 121 2 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 121 3 /ˈnet/ /ˈnet/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 121 4 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 121 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 121 6 /ˈnic/. /ˈnic/. . en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 1 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 2 /e/ /e/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 6 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 7 reflexes reflex NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 8 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 9 sonorants sonorant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 11 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 12 sibilants sibilant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 15 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 122 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 4 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 6 /aː/ /aː/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 7 surfaces surface NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 9 /uː/ /uː/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 10 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 11 nasals nasal NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 13 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 15 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 17 ⟨nṯr⟩ ⟨nṯr⟩ LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 18 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 19 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 20 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 21 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 22 /ˈnaːcar/ /ˈnaːcar/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 23 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 24 /ˈnuːte/ /ˈnuːte/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 25 ⟨noute⟩[48 ⟨noute⟩[48 -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 27 /uː/ /uː/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 28 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 29 acquired acquire VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 30 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 31 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 35 evidenced evidence VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 37 minimal minimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 38 pairs pair NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 39 like like UH en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 40 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 42 approach approach VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 43 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 44 ⟨hôn⟩ ⟨hôn⟩ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 45 /hoːn/ /hoːn/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 46 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 47 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 48 /ˈçaːnan/ /ˈçaːnan/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 49 ẖnn ẖnn NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 50 vs. vs. FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 51 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 52 inside inside RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 53 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 54 ⟨houn⟩ ⟨houn⟩ NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 55 /huːn/ /huːn/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 56 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 57 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 58 /ˈçaːnaw/ /ˈçaːnaw/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 59 ẖnw ẖnw NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 123 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 5 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 6 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 7 /uː/ /uː/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 8 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 9 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 10 /eː/ /eː/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 12 surfaces surface NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 14 /iː/ /iː/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 15 next next RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 17 /r/ /r/ , en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 19 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 20 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 21 pharyngeals pharyngeal NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 23 ⟨hir⟩ ⟨hir⟩ -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 24 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 25 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 26 /χuːr/ /χuːr/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 27 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 28 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 29 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 31 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 32 loan loan NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 124 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 5 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 6 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 9 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 10 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 12 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 13 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 125 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 1 Unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 2 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 5 /ə/ /ə/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 7 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 9 ⟨e⟩ ⟨e⟩ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 11 null null NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 13 ⟨i⟩ ⟨i⟩ VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 15 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 17 Fayyumic fayyumic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 18 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 20 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 24 pretonic pretonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 25 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 26 /a/ /a/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 27 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 30 reflex reflex NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 32 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 33 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 34 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 35 /e/ /e/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 36 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 38 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 39 pharyngeal pharyngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 41 velar velar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 43 sonorant sonorant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 45 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 47 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 48 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 49 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 50 ⟨ašai⟩ ⟨ašai⟩ NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 51 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 52 ꜥšꜣ ꜥšꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 53 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 54 /ʕiˈʃiʀ/ /ʕiˈʃiʀ/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 56 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 57 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 58 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 59 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 126 60 /a/. /a/. . en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 1 Pretonic Pretonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 3 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 6 underlyingly underlyingly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 7 /əj/ /əj/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 9 Sahidic Sahidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 10 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 11 ibis ibis NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 13 ⟨hibôi⟩ ⟨hibôi⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 14 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 15 h(j)bj.w h(j)bj.w NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 16 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 127 17 /hijˈbaːj?w/. /hijˈbaːj?w/. . en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 7 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 10 Sahidic sahidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 11 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 12 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 13 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 14 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 15 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 17 Sahidic sahidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 18 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 19 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 20 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 21 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 22 AD[40 AD[40 NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 24 Stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 25 Unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 26 Front front NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 27 Back back RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 28 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 29 Close Close NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 30 iː iː UH en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 31 uː uː FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 32 Mid Mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 33 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 34 eː eː NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 35 o o XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 36 oː oː IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 37 ə ə NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 38 Open open VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 40 Phonotactics[edit phonotactics[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 42 Earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 43 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 44 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 46 syllable syllable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 47 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 48 CV(:)(C CV(:)(C NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 51 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 52 V v NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 53 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 54 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 56 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 57 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 58 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 60 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 61 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 128 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 7 CV cv NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 9 C c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 11 CVCC CVCC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 13 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 15 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 17 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 19 stressed stress VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 20 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 129 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 6 CV cv NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 8 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 9 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 13 infinitive infinitive NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 15 biconsonantal biconsonantal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 16 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 17 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 19 CVCC CVCC NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 20 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 22 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 23 plurals plural NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 130 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 2 44][46 44][46 LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 5 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 6 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 8 stressed stress VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 9 CV cv NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 11 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 13 CVCC CVCC NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 16 CV CV NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 17 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 18 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 20 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 21 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 24 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 26 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 27 dentals dental NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 29 glides glide NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 131 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 4 Stress[edit Stress[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 6 Earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 7 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 8 stresses stress VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 12 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 14 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 132 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 4 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 6 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 9 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 12 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 14 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 16 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 20 third third RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 22 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 23 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 24 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 26 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 30 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 32 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 33 posttonic posttonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 34 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 35 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 37 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 39 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 40 /ˈχupiraw/ /ˈχupiraw/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 41 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 42 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 43 /ˈχupraw/ /ˈχupraw/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 44 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 45 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 46 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 133 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 4 Egyptological Egyptological NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 5 pronunciation[edit pronunciation[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 7 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 9 convention convention NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 11 Egyptologists egyptologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 12 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 13 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 17 Egyptological egyptological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 18 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 24 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 26 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 27 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 28 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 31 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 33 inserted insert VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 34 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 36 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 37 arbitrary arbitrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 38 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 134 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 2 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 4 alef alef NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 6 ayin ayin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 9 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 10 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 135 11 /ɑː/. /ɑː/. NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 136 1 Yodh yodh NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 136 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 136 3 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 136 4 /iː/ /iː/ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 136 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 136 6 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 136 7 /uː/. /uː/. . en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 1 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 3 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 5 /ɛ/ /ɛ/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 7 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 8 inserted insert VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 137 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 7 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 10 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 11 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 14 accurately accurately RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 15 transliterated transliterate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 17 Rꜥ Rꜥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 19 ms ms NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 21 sw sw NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 23 transcribed transcribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 26 Rɑmɛssu Rɑmɛssu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 30 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 32 Ra Ra NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 34 Fashioned fashion VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 36 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 38 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 39 Borne Borne NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 40 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 42 Him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 138 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 2 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 4 ⟨a⟩ ⟨a⟩ CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 6 ⟨i⟩ ⟨i⟩ CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 9 ⟨u⟩ ⟨u⟩ VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 11 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 12 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 13 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 15 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 18 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 19 Tutankhamun Tutankhamun NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 21 1341–1323 1341–1323 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 22 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 25 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 27 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 29 twt twt NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 31 ꜥnḫ ꜥnḫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 33 ı͗mn ı͗mn NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 139 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 1 Experts expert NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 3 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 4 generic generic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 5 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 8 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 11 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 13 convenience convenience NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 18 artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 19 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 21 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 24 mistaken mistaken JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 26 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 27 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 29 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 30 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 31 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 32 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 33 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 140 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 5 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 6 twt twt NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 8 ꜥnḫ ꜥnḫ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 10 ı͗mn ı͗mn NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 12 conventionally conventionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 13 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 14 /tuːtənˈkɑːmən/ /tuːtənˈkɑːmən/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 21 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 22 lifetime lifetime NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 26 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 29 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 30 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 31 like like UH en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 32 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 33 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 34 taˈwaːtij taˈwaːtij NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 35 ˈʕaːnaχ ˈʕaːnaχ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 36 jaˈmaːnuw].,[51][52][53][54][55][56 jaˈmaːnuw].,[51][52][53][54][55][56 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 38 transliterable transliterable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 40 tawā́tij-ʿā́nakh-ʾamā́n tawā́tij-ʿā́nakh-ʾamā́n NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 141 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 1 Morphology[edit morphology[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 3 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 5 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 6 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 9 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 15 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 18 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 21 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 23 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 25 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 26 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 29 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 31 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 32 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 33 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 34 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 37 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 39 rꜥ(w rꜥ(w NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 41 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 42 riːʕa riːʕa NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 43 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 44 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 45 sun sun NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 49 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 50 ʕ ʕ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 52 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 53 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 54 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 55 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 56 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 57 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 58 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 59 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 60 voiced voiced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 61 pharyngeal pharyngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 62 fricative fricative NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 142 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 1 Larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 2 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 9 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 12 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 14 sḫdḫd sḫdḫd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 17 upside upside RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 19 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 143 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 1 Vowels Vowels NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 4 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 6 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 9 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 11 derive derive VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 12 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 13 meanings meaning NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 16 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 18 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 22 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 23 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 24 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 25 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 144 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 3 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 4 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 6 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 7 glides glide NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 10 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 12 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 13 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 14 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 15 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 16 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 19 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 21 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 23 reconstruct reconstruct VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 25 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 26 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 28 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 145 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 3 orthographic orthographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 4 ⟨stp⟩ ⟨stp⟩ : en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 7 choose choose VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 11 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 14 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 16 stative stative NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 18 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 19 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 20 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 22 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 23 unexpressed unexpressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 27 imperfective imperfective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 28 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 30 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 32 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 33 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 37 choosing choosing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 146 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 1 Nouns[edit Nouns[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 3 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 4 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 7 masculine masculine JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 9 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 12 latter latter NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 14 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 19 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 20 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 23 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 25 -t -t : en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 28 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 30 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 32 -w -w : en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 33 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 34 -wt -wt . en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 38 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 40 -wy -wy NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 41 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 42 -ty -ty . en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 147 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 1 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 3 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 4 definite definite JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 6 indefinite indefinite RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 8 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 10 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 11 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 12 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 13 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 17 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 18 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 148 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 1 Pronouns[edit pronouns[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 3 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 6 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 7 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 9 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 10 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 12 suffix suffix NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 14 enclitic enclitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 16 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 18 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 21 Egyptologists egyptologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 24 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 25 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 149 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 7 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 8 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 9 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 12 infinitive infinitive NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 14 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 16 stative stative NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 19 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 21 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 22 linguists[57 linguists[57 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 27 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 29 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 31 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 32 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 150 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 2 bear bear VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 3 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 4 resemblance resemblance NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 7 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 8 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 151 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 3 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 4 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 6 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 7 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 10 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 12 Suffix Suffix NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 13 Dependent Dependent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 14 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 15 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 16 sg sg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 152 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 153 1 -ı͗ -ı͗ : en-wikipedia-org-9749 153 2 wı͗ wı͗ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 153 3 ı͗nk ı͗nk NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 153 4 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 153 5 sg sg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 153 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 154 1 m. m. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 154 2 -k -k NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 154 3 tw tw NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 154 4 ntk ntk NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 154 5 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 154 6 sg sg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 154 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 155 1 f. f. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 155 2 -t -t NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 155 3 tn tn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 155 4 ntt ntt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 155 5 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 155 6 sg sg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 155 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 156 1 m. m. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 156 2 -f -f HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 156 3 sw sw NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 156 4 ntf ntf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 156 5 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 156 6 sg sg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 156 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 157 1 f. f. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 157 2 -s -s : en-wikipedia-org-9749 157 3 sy sy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 157 4 nts nts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 157 5 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 157 6 pl pl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 157 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 158 1 -n -n : en-wikipedia-org-9749 158 2 n n IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 158 3 ı͗nn ı͗nn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 158 4 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 158 5 pl pl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 158 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 159 1 -tn -tn : en-wikipedia-org-9749 159 2 tn tn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 159 3 nttn nttn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 159 4 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 159 5 pl pl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 159 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 1 -sn -sn : en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 2 sn sn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 3 ntsn ntsn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 4 Demonstrative demonstrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 5 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 7 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 8 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 10 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 11 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 12 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 14 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 15 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 16 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 18 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 19 genders gender NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 21 Mas Mas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 160 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 161 1 Fem Fem NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 161 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 162 1 Plu Plu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 162 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 1 Meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 2 pn pn NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 3 tn tn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 4 nn nn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 11 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 12 pf pf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 13 tf tf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 14 nf nf IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 17 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 18 pw pw IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 19 tw tw NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 20 nw nw IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 25 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 27 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 29 archaic archaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 31 pꜣ pꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 32 tꜣ tꜣ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 33 nꜣ nꜣ IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 34 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 36 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 38 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 40 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 42 colloquial colloquial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 43 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 44 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 46 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 47 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 48 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 50 Finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 51 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 52 interrogative interrogative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 53 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 163 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 2 bear bear VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 4 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 5 resemblance resemblance NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 8 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 10 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 11 counterparts counterpart VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 13 Pronoun Pronoun NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 14 Meaning Meaning NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 15 Dependency Dependency NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 16 mı͗ mı͗ NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 18 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 20 Dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 21 ptr ptr NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 22 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 23 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 24 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 25 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 26 iḫ iḫ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 27 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 28 Dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 29 ı͗šst ı͗šst : en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 30 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 31 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 32 zı͗ zı͗ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 34 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 35 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 36 Dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 37 Verbs[edit verbs[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 39 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 40 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 41 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 42 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 44 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 45 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 46 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 47 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 164 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 1 Finite Finite NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 2 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 3 convey convey VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 4 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 6 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 7 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 8 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 10 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 12 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 165 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 3 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 6 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 8 affixal affixal VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 9 morphemes morpheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 10 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 13 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 16 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 17 conjugation conjugation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 19 sḏm.f sḏm.f CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 21 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 22 hears hear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 166 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 1 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 3 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 4 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 5 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 6 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 8 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 12 infinitive infinitive NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 15 participles participle NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 18 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 19 infinitive infinitive NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 22 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 23 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 25 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 27 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 167 30 Study 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en-wikipedia-org-9749 168 16 imperfective imperfective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 168 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 168 18 aorist aorist NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 168 19 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 168 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 2 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 4 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 7 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 8 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 169 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 1 Adjectives[edit adjectives[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 3 Adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 4 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 6 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 8 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 11 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 13 modify modify VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 15 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 16 nfr nfr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 21 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 22 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 25 st st NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 26 nfrt nfrt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 31 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 32 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 170 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 1 Attributive attributive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 2 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 4 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 8 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 10 modify modify VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 16 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 17 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 20 nṯr nṯr NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 21 ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 171 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 3 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 7 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 10 predicate predicate NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 13 adjectival adjectival NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 14 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 21 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 25 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 28 ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 29 nṯr nṯr NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 32 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 35 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 40 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 44 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 45 precede precede VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 47 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 48 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 49 modify modify VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 172 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 1 Prepositions[edit prepositions[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 3 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 4 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 6 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 7 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 8 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 10 prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 18 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 20 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 21 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 173 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 1 m m LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 11 n n NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 17 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 23 ı͗n ı͗n NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 27 ḥnꜥ ḥnꜥ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 31 mı͗ mı͗ NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 33 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 35 ḥr ḥr NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 37 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 39 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 41 ḥꜣ ḥꜣ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 43 behind behind RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 45 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 47 ẖr ẖr UH en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 49 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 50 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 51 tp tp FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 52 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 53 atop atop IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 54 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 55 ḏr ḏr JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 56 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 57 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 58 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 59 Adverbs[edit adverbs[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 60 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 61 Adverbs Adverbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 63 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 64 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 66 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 67 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 69 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 72 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 73 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 74 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 75 zı͗.n zı͗.n : en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 76 nṯr nṯr NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 77 ı͗m ı͗m CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 78 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 80 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 81 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 82 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 83 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 85 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 86 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 87 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 88 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 89 ı͗m ı͗m ADD en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 90 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 91 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 92 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 93 adverb adverb NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 174 94 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 6 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 7 adverbs adverb NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 9 ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 11 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 13 ṯnı͗ ṯnı͗ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 15 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 17 zy zy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 19 nw nw NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 24 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 175 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 2 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 3 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 6 mı͗-ı͗ḫ mı͗-ı͗ḫ : en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 8 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 11 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 176 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 2 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 4 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 7 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 9 mı͗ mı͗ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 11 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 14 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 177 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 3 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 6 ḫnt ḫnt NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 8 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 10 Syntax[edit syntax[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 12 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 13 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 15 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 16 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 19 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 20 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 22 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 24 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 26 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 29 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 30 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 31 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 178 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 4 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 7 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 8 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 13 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 14 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 15 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 17 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 19 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 179 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 2 equivalent equivalent NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 6 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 7 opens open VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 9 door door NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 11 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 14 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 16 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 17 correspond correspond VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 23 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 24 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 28 opens open VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 30 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 32 door door NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 35 wn wn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 36 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 37 ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 180 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 2 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 5 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 6 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 7 combines combine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 11 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 13 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 15 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 19 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 21 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 181 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 3 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 5 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 8 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 12 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 13 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 14 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 15 pꜣ pꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 17 tꜣ tꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 19 nꜣ nꜣ RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 182 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 4 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 7 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 8 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 10 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 11 genders gender NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 13 masculine masculine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 15 feminine feminine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 183 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 3 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 4 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 5 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 6 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 8 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 10 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 12 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 184 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 3 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 4 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 7 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 9 lose lose VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 11 dual dual NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 14 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 15 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 185 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 1 Legacy[edit legacy[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 3 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 4 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 6 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 8 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 10 Influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 13 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 17 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 20 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 21 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 22 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 28 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 186 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 1 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 2 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 3 past past IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 5 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 7 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 10 isolated isolate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 11 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 187 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 4 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 6 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 7 exerted exert VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 9 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 11 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 12 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 14 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 17 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 19 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 20 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 22 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 23 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 24 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 25 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 26 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 188 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 1 Examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 3 ebony ebony NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 5 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 6 𓍁𓈖𓏭𓆱 𓍁𓈖𓏭𓆱 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 7 hbny hbny NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 9 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 10 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 12 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 13 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 16 ivory ivory NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 18 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 19 ꜣbw ꜣbw NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 21 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 23 ivory ivory NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 25 elephant elephant NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 29 natron natron NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 31 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 32 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 35 lily lily RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 37 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 38 hlēri hlēri NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 40 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 41 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 44 ibis ibis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 46 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 47 hbj hbj RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 49 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 50 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 53 oasis oasis NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 55 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 56 wḥj wḥj NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 58 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 59 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 62 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 63 barge barge NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 64 ( ( -LRB- 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189 88 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 89 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 90 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 91 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 92 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 93 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 95 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 96 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 97 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 98 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 99 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 100 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 101 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 102 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 103 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 104 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 105 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 106 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 107 pharaoh pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 109 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 110 𓉐𓉻 𓉐𓉻 VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 111 pr pr NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 112 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 113 ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 115 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 116 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 117 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 118 house house NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 119 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 121 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 122 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 123 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 124 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 125 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 126 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 189 127 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 2 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 3 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 4 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 6 etymologically etymologically RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 7 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 9 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 12 Copts Copts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 14 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 17 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 18 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 19 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 21 Memphis Memphis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 23 Hikuptah Hikuptah NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 26 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 28 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 29 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 30 ḥwt ḥwt NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 32 kꜣ kꜣ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 34 ptḥ ptḥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 36 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 39 ka ka NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 41 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 44 Ptah Ptah NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 190 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 9 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 10 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 13 traced trace VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 15 Egyptian;[60 Egyptian;[60 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 17 apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 20 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 23 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 25 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 28 entered enter VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 29 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 31 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 33 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 34 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 191 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 5 also[edit also[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 7 Altägyptisches Altägyptisches NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 8 Wörterbuch Wörterbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 9 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 10 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 11 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 12 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 14 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 16 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 17 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 18 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 19 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 20 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 21 numerals numeral NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 22 Hieratic Hieratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 23 Transliteration Transliteration NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 25 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 26 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 27 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 29 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 30 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 32 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 34 Bohairic Bohairic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 35 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 37 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 38 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 39 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 41 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 43 1995:44 1995:44 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 192 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 2 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 4 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 7 graphemes grapheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 12 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 15 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 16 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 18 /h/ /h/ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 24 aspirates aspirate NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 26 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 27 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 29 1995:248 1995:248 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 193 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 1 References[edit references[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 3 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 5 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 6 Erman Erman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 8 Adolf Adolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 10 Grapow Grapow NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 12 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 14 Wörterbuch Wörterbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 15 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 16 ägyptischen ägyptischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 17 Sprache Sprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 19 Akademie Akademie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 21 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 23 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 25 1926–1961 1926–1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 194 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 195 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 195 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 195 3 3050022647 3050022647 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 195 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 3 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 4 Sudan~ sudan~ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 5 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 7 Writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 10 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 11 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 13 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 14 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 16 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 18 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 20 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 21 Nubian Nubian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 24 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 196 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 197 1 www.ancientsudan.org www.ancientsudan.org UH en-wikipedia-org-9749 197 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 198 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 198 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 198 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 198 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 198 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 2 http://www.stshenouda.com/coptlang/copthist.htm#Coptic19 http://www.stshenouda.com/coptlang/copthist.htm#Coptic19 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 5 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 6 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 7 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 8 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 9 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 11 2000:2 2000:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 13 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 15 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 16 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 17 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 18 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 19 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 21 1995:8 1995:8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 23 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 24 https://www.um.es/cepoat/egipcio/wp-content/uploads/egyptianhierogly.pdf https://www.um.es/cepoat/egipcio/wp-content/uploads/egyptianhierogly.pdf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 25 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 27 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 28 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 30 1995:7 1995:7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 32 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 33 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 35 2013:2 2013:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 37 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 38 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 39 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 40 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 41 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 42 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 44 isolated isolated JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 45 pockets pocket NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 47 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 48 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 49 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 50 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 53 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 54 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 56 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 57 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 58 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 59 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 60 Quibell Quibell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 62 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 63 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 64 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 65 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 66 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 67 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 68 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9749 199 69 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 2 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 3 für für NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 4 ägyptische ägyptische NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 5 Sprache Sprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 6 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 7 Altertumskunde Altertumskunde NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 9 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 11 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 15 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 200 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 3 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 6 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 7 survivors survivor NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 201 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 1 Daily Daily NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 2 Star Star NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 3 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 5 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 6 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 10 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 12 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 14 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 15 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 17 1995:1 1995:1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 20 Frajzyngier Frajzyngier NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 22 Zygmunt Zygmunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 24 Shay Shay NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 26 Erin Erin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 28 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 29 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 30 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 202 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 203 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 203 2 Afroasiatic Afroasiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 203 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 203 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 204 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 204 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 204 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 204 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 205 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 205 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 205 3 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 205 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 206 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 206 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 206 3 9780521865333 9780521865333 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 206 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 4 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 6 1995:5 1995:5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 9 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 11 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 13 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 207 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 3 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 8 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 208 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 209 1 OUP OUP NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 209 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 209 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 210 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 210 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 210 3 264 264 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 210 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 211 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 211 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 211 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 211 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 211 5 0199585847 0199585847 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 211 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 212 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 212 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 212 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 212 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 212 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 4 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 6 1995:31 1995:31 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 9 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 11 1995:52 1995:52 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 13 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 14 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 16 1995:51 1995:51 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 19 Bard Bard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 21 Kathryn Kathryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 22 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 24 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 25 Blake Blake NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 26 Shubert Shubert NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 28 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 213 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 214 1 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 214 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 214 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 214 4 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 214 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 214 6 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 214 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 214 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 215 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 215 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 216 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 216 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 216 3 325 325 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 216 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 9 18589 18589 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 217 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 2 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 3 Mattessich Mattessich NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 6 Oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 7 writings writing NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 10 inventory inventory NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 11 tags tag NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 13 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 16 Accounting Accounting NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 17 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 18 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 20 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 22 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 218 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 219 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 219 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 219 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-9749 219 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 220 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 220 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 220 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 220 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 221 1 195–208 195–208 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 221 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 222 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 222 2 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 222 3 Mattessich Mattessich NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 222 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 222 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 222 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 222 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 3 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 4 writings writing NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 7 inventory inventory NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 8 tags tag NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 10 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 223 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 224 1 Accounting Accounting NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 224 2 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 224 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 224 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 225 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 225 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 225 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 225 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 225 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 225 6 195–208 195–208 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 225 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 226 1 doi:10.2308/0148 doi:10.2308/0148 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 226 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 226 3 4184.29.1.195 4184.29.1.195 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 226 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 227 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 227 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 227 3 40698264 40698264 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 227 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 228 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 228 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 228 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 228 4 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 228 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 228 6 2013:2f 2013:2f CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 228 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 228 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 229 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 229 2 Werning werning NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 229 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 229 4 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 229 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 230 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 230 2 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 230 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 230 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 230 5 Aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 230 6 vs. vs. IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 1 Relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 2 Tense Tense NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 6 Typological Typological NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 7 Classification Classification NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 10 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 11 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 12 sḏm.n⸗f sḏm.n⸗f NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 15 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 16 Aegyptia Aegyptia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 17 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 20 289 289 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 231 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 2 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 4 2013:2 2013:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 6 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 7 Jochem Jochem NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 8 Kahl Kahl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 10 Markus Markus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 11 Bretschneider Bretschneider NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 13 Frühägyptisches Frühägyptisches NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 14 Wörterbuch Wörterbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 16 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 17 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 19 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 22 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 23 229 229 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 232 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 233 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 233 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 233 3 Hieroglyph Hieroglyph NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 233 4 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 233 5 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 233 6 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 233 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 233 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 234 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 234 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 234 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 235 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 235 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 235 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 235 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 235 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 2 http://archive.archaeology.org/9903/newsbriefs/egypt.html http://archive.archaeology.org/9903/newsbriefs/egypt.html NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 3 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 4 Polotsky Polotsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 6 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 7 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 9 Études Études NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 10 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 11 syntaxe syntaxe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 12 copte copte NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 14 Société Société NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 15 d'Archéologie d'Archéologie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 16 Copte Copte NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 18 Cairo Cairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 20 1944 1944 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 23 Polotsky Polotsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 25 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 26 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 28 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 29 Tenses Tenses NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 31 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 32 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 34 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 36 Humanities Humanities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 38 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 236 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 237 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 237 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 237 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-9749 237 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 238 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 238 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 238 3 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 238 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 238 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 239 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 239 2 Meyers Meyers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 239 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 239 4 op op NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 239 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 240 1 cit cit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 240 2 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 240 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 240 4 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 240 5 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 240 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 2 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 241 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 242 1 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 242 2 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 242 3 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 242 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 243 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 243 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 243 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 243 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 244 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 244 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 244 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 244 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 7 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 9 48555 48555 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 245 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 2 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 246 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 247 1 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 247 2 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 247 3 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 247 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 248 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 248 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 248 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 248 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 249 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 249 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 249 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 249 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 7 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 9 48555 48555 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 250 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 2 Satzinger Satzinger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 4 2008:10 2008:10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 7 Schiffman Schiffman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 9 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 10 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 12 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 14 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 251 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 1 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 2 Papyrology Papyrology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 4 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 7 Climate Climate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 9 Creativity creativity NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 12 Papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 15 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 16 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 17 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 18 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 19 Marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 21 Retirement Retirement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 23 Baruch Baruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 24 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 25 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 252 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 253 1 BRILL BRILL NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 253 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 254 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 254 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 254 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 254 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 254 5 9004128859 9004128859 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 254 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 2 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 4 2000:13 2000:13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 7 Lipiński Lipiński NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 9 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 11 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 14 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 255 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 1 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 2 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 5 outline outline NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 8 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 9 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 256 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 257 1 Peeters peeter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 257 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 3 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 5 429 429 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 7 0815 0815 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 258 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 259 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 259 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 259 3 783059625 783059625 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 259 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 2 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 3 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 4 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 7 Carsten Carsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 8 Peust Peust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 12 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 15 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 17 thinking think VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 20 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 23 reconstructions reconstruction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 25 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 27 nonstandard nonstandard JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 260 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 5 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 7 1995:33 1995:33 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 9 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 10 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 12 1995:34 1995:34 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 14 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 16 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 17 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 19 1995:35 1995:35 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 21 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 23 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 24 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 25 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 26 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 28 1995:38 1995:38 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 30 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 32 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 33 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 34 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 35 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 37 1995:41 1995:41 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 39 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 41 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 42 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 43 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 45 1995:46 1995:46 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 47 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 49 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 50 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 51 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 53 1995:42 1995:42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 55 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 56 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 58 1995:43 1995:43 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 60 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 61 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 63 1995:40–42 1995:40–42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 65 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 67 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 68 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 69 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 70 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 72 1995:36 1995:36 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 74 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 75 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 77 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 79 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 80 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 81 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 82 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 83 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 84 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 85 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 86 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 88 1995:39 1995:39 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 89 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 90 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 91 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 92 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 93 1995:47 1995:47 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 94 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 95 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 96 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 97 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 98 1995:47–48 1995:47–48 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 100 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 101 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 102 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 103 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 104 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 105 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 106 1995:48 1995:48 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 107 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 108 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 109 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 110 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 111 1995:37 1995:37 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 112 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 113 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 114 Fecht Fecht NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 115 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 116 Gerhard Gerhard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 117 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 118 Wortakzent Wortakzent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 119 und und NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 120 Silbenstruktur Silbenstruktur NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 121 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 122 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 123 zur zur NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 124 Geschichte Geschichte NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 125 der der VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 126 ägyptischen ägyptischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 127 Sprache Sprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 129 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 130 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 131 Augustin Augustin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 132 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 133 Glückstadt Glückstadt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 134 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 135 Hamburg Hamburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 136 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 137 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 138 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 139 1960 1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 140 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 141 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 142 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 143 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 261 144 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 262 1 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 262 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 262 3 254 254 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 262 4 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 263 1 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 263 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 2 Vergote Vergote NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 4 Jozef Jozef NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 6 Grammaire Grammaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 7 Copte Copte NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 10 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 264 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 265 1 Peters Peters NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 265 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 265 3 Louvain Louvain NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 265 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 265 5 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 265 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 265 7 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 265 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 266 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 266 2 Osing Osing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 266 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 266 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 267 1 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 267 2 Nominalbildung Nominalbildung NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 267 3 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 267 4 Ägyptischen Ägyptischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 267 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 1 Deutsches Deutsches NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 2 archäologisches archäologische VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 3 Institut Institut NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 5 Abteilung Abteilung NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 6 Kairo Kairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 8 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 10 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 11 Schenkel Schenkel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 13 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 15 Zur Zur NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 16 Rekonstruktion Rekonstruktion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 17 deverbalen deverbalen VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 18 Nominalbildung Nominalbildung NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 19 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 20 Ägyptischen Ägyptischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 22 Harrasowitz Harrasowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 24 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 25 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 27 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 268 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 269 1 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 269 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 269 3 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 269 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 269 5 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 269 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 2 Vycichl Vycichl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 4 1983:10 1983:10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 6 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 8 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 11 Vycichl Vycichl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 13 1990:215 1990:215 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 15 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 16 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 18 1995:65 1995:65 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 20 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 21 Often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 22 assumed assume VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 24 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 26 precursor precursor NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 28 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 29 ϣⲁⲩ ϣⲁⲩ NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 31 šau šau NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 33 tomcat tomcat NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 36 suffixed suffix VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 38 feminine feminine NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 39 -t -t : en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 42 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 43 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 44 dispute dispute VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 45 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 270 47 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 2 Huehnergard Huehnergard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 5 Qitta qitta JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 7 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 8 Cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 11 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 12 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 13 Humanities Humanities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 15 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 16 Own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 17 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 19 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 271 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 2 Hoffmeier Hoffmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 5 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 8 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 272 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 2 Rameses ramese NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 5 Exodus Exodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 6 narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 9 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 273 10 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 274 1 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 274 2 Ramesside Ramesside NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 274 3 Residence Residence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 274 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 274 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 275 1 Trinity Trinity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 275 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 275 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 275 4 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 275 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 2 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 4 Noonan Noonan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 7 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 8 Loanwords Loanwords NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 10 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 13 Authenticity Authenticity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 16 Exodus Exodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 18 Wilderness Wilderness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 19 Traditions Traditions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 276 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 3 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 4 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 6 behemoth behemoth DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 9 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 10 etymology etymology NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 12 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 15 presumed presume VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 16 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 17 pꜣ pꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 19 jḥ jḥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 21 mw mw NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 23 hippopotamus hippopotamus NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 28 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 29 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 32 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 33 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 34 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 277 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 1 Bibliography[edit bibliography[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 3 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 5 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 6 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 8 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 278 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 1 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 2 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 10 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 12 Hieroglyphs Hieroglyphs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 279 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 280 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 280 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 280 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 280 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 9 65312 65312 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 281 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 282 1 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 282 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 282 3 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 282 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 282 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 282 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 282 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 282 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 2 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 3 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 7 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 8 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 283 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 284 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 284 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 284 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 284 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 7 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 9 66467 66467 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 285 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 286 1 Callender Callender NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 286 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 286 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 286 4 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 287 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 287 2 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 287 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 287 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 288 1 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 288 2 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 288 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 289 1 Undena Undena NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 289 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 289 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 7 89003 89003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 9 006 006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 290 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 291 1 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 291 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 291 3 Antonio Antonio NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 291 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 291 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 291 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 291 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 292 1 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 292 2 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 292 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 292 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 292 5 Linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 292 6 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 292 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 293 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 293 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 293 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 293 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 293 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 293 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 9 44384 44384 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 294 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 295 1 Satzinger Satzinger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 295 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 295 3 Helmut Helmut NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 295 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 295 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 295 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 295 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 3 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 6 voiced voiced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 7 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 9 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9749 296 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 297 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 297 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 297 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 297 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 298 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 298 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 1 Acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 4 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 5 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 6 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 8 Egyptologists Egyptologists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 299 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 300 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 300 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 301 1 1537–1546 1537–1546 ADD en-wikipedia-org-9749 301 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 302 1 Vycichl Vycichl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 302 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 302 3 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 302 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 302 5 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 302 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 302 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 303 1 Dictionnaire Dictionnaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 303 2 Étymologique Étymologique NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 303 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 303 4 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 303 5 Langue Langue NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 303 6 Copte Copte NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 303 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 304 1 Leuven Leuven VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 304 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 3 9782 9782 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 5 7247 7247 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 7 0096 0096 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 305 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 306 1 Vycichl Vycichl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 306 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 306 3 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 306 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 306 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 306 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 306 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 307 1 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 307 2 Vocalisation Vocalisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 307 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 307 4 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 307 5 Langue Langue NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 307 6 Égyptienne Égyptienne NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 307 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 308 1 Cairo Cairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 308 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 308 3 IFAO IFAO NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 308 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 3 9782 9782 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 5 7247 7247 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 7 0096 0096 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 309 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 1 Literature[edit literature[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 3 Overviews[edit overviews[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 5 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 7 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 8 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 11 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 12 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 13 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 15 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 16 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 17 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 19 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 20 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 21 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 23 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 310 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 7 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 9 03246 03246 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 13 hardback hardback NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 18 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 20 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 22 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 24 66467 66467 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 26 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 28 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 311 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 1 Loprieno Loprieno NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 3 Antonio Antonio NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 6 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 9 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 10 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 12 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 13 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 14 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 16 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 312 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 7 44384 44384 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 11 hardback hardback NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 14 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 16 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 18 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 20 44849 44849 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 22 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 24 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 313 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 1 Peust Peust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 3 Carsten Carsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 5 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 6 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 9 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 12 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 15 Dead Dead NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 16 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 18 Peust Peust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 19 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 20 Gutschmidt Gutschmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 22 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 314 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 5 933043 933043 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 7 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 12 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 315 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 1 Vergote Vergote NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 3 Jozef Jozef NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 6 Problèmes problème NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 7 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 8 la la JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 9 « « `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 10 Nominalbildung Nominalbildung NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 11 » » `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 12 en en FW en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 13 égyptien égyptien NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 16 Chronique Chronique NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 17 d'Égypte d'Égypte NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 18 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 20 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 23 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 316 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 317 1 261–285 261–285 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 317 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 1 Vycichl Vycichl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 3 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 5 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 6 Vocalisation Vocalisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 7 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 8 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 9 Langue Langue NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 10 Égyptienne Égyptienne NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 12 IFAO IFAO NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 14 Cairo Cairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 16 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 318 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 3 9782 9782 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 5 7247 7247 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 7 0096 0096 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 319 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 1 Grammars[edit grammars[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 3 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 5 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 6 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 8 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 9 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 11 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 12 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 15 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 17 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 19 Hieroglyphs Hieroglyphs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 22 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 24 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 25 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 26 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 28 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 320 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 7 65312 65312 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 11 hardback hardback NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 13 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 15 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 17 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 19 77483 77483 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 21 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 23 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 321 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 1 Borghouts Borghouts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 3 Joris Joris NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 6 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 9 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 12 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 14 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 17 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 18 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 20 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 21 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 24 Peeters Peeters NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 26 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 322 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 5 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 7 042 042 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 9 92294 92294 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 13 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 323 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 1 Collier Collier NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 3 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 6 Manley Manley NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 8 Bill Bill NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 10 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 12 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 13 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 14 Hieroglyphs Hieroglyphs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 16 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 17 Step step NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 21 Step step NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 22 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 24 Teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 25 Yourself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 27 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 28 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 29 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 31 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 33 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 35 7141 7141 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 37 1910 1910 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 39 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 42 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 44 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 45 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 47 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 48   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 49 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 51 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 53 21597 21597 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 55 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 58 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 59 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 324 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 1 Gardiner Gardiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 3 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 4 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 5 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 7 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 8 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 10 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 12 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 15 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 17 Hieroglyphs Hieroglyphs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 19 Griffith Griffith NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 20 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 22 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 24 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 25 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 325 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 326 1 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 326 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 5 900416 900416 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 7 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 327 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 1 Hoch Hoch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 3 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 6 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 7 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 8 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 10 Benben Benben NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 11 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 13 Mississauga Mississauga NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 15 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 328 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 5 920168 920168 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 329 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 1 Selden Selden NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 3 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 6 Hieroglyphic Hieroglyphic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 7 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 9 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 10 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 13 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 15 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 18 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 19 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 21 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 23 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 24 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 26 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 330 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 9 27546 27546 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 13 hardback hardback NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 331 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 1 Dictionaries[edit dictionaries[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 3 Erman Erman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 5 Adolf Adolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 7 Grapow Grapow NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 9 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 11 Das Das NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 12 Wörterbuch Wörterbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 13 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 14 ägyptischen ägyptischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 15 Sprache Sprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 17 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 19 VCH VCH NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 20 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 21 GmbH GmbH NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 23 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 25 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 332 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 7 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 9 002264 002264 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 13 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 18 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 20 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 22 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 24 002266 002266 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 26 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 28 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 29 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 333 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 334 1 1–5 1–5 LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 334 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 334 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 1 Faulkner Faulkner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 3 Raymond Raymond NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 4 O. O. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 7 Concise Concise NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 8 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 10 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 11 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 13 Griffith Griffith NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 14 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 16 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 18 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 335 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 5 900416 900416 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 7 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 11 hardback hardback NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 336 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 1 Lesko Lesko NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 3 Leonard Leonard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 7 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 9 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 10 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 12 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 13 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 14 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 16 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 17 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 20 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 21 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 22 Scribe Scribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 23 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 25 Providence Providence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 27 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 28 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 29 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 337 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 5 930548 930548 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 11 vol.1 vol.1 NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 14 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 16 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 18 930548 930548 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 20 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 22 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 24 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 338 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 339 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 339 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 339 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 1 Shennum shennum JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 7 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 8 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 10 Faulkner Faulkner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 12 Concise Concise NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 13 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 15 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 16 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 18 Undena Undena NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 19 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 21 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 340 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 5 89003 89003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 7 054 054 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 341 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 1 Bonnamy Bonnamy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 3 Yvonne Yvonne NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 5 Sadek Sadek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 7 Ashraf Ashraf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 9 Alexandre Alexandre NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 11 Dictionnaire Dictionnaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 12 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 13 hiéroglyphes hiéroglyphe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 15 Hiéroglyphes Hiéroglyphes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 17 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 19 Actes Actes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 20 Sud Sud NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 22 Arles Arles NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 24 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 342 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 5 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 7 7427 7427 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 9 8922 8922 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 343 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 1 Vycichl Vycichl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 3 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 5 Dictionnaire Dictionnaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 6 Étymologique Étymologique NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 7 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 8 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 9 Langue Langue NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 10 Copte Copte NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 12 Peeters Peeters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 14 Leuven Leuven NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 16 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 344 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 5 8017 8017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 7 0197 0197 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 11 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 12 Vartavan Vartavan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 14 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 16 Vocalised Vocalised NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 17 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 19 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 20 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 22 SAIS SAIS NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 24 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 26 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 345 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 7 9954898 9954898 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 346 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 2 Free Free NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 4 download download NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 6 https://www.academia.edu/24283355/Vocalised_Dictionary_of_Ancient_Egyptian https://www.academia.edu/24283355/vocalised_dictionary_of_ancient_egyptian LS en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 8 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 9 dictionaries[edit dictionaries[edit . en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 12 Beinlich Beinlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 13 Wordlist Wordlist NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 16 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 17 searchable searchable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 18 dictionary dictionary NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 20 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 21 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 22 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 24 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 27 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 347 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 1 Thesaurus Thesaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 2 Linguae Linguae NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 3 Aegyptiae Aegyptiae NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 6 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 7 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 8 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 10 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 11 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 14 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 16 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 17 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 18 Egyptological egyptological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 19 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 23 monumental monumental JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 24 Altägyptisches Altägyptisches NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 25 Wörterbuch Wörterbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 28 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 30 Brandenburgische Brandenburgische NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 31 Akademie Akademie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 32 der der XX en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 33 Wissenschaften Wissenschaften NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 35 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 37 Brandenburg Brandenburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 38 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 40 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 42 Humanities Humanities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 44 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 46 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 348 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 1 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 2 Vygus Vygus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 7 searchable searchable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 8 dictionary dictionary NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 10 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 11 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 14 arranged arrange VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 16 glyph glyph NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 349 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 1 Important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 2 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 5 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 6 grammars grammar NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 8 dictionaries dictionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 10 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 11 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 12 Wallis Wallis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 13 Budge Budge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 15 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 17 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 18 obsolete obsolete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 20 Egyptologists egyptologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 22 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 23 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 24 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 25 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 27 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 28 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 30 purchase purchase NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 350 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 1 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 2 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 3 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 5 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 7 Glyphs Glyphs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 9 Grammars Grammars NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 351 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 4 Look look VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 5 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 6 Category category NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 8 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 9 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 10 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 12 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 14 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 352 15 , , , 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en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 20 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 21 connection connection NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 23 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 26 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 27 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 29 Helmut Helmut NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 30 Satzinger Satzinger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 31 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 32 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 35 wiki wiki NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 36 Glossing Glossing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 37 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 38 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 40 recommendations recommendation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 43 Interlinear Interlinear NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 44 Morphemic Morphemic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 45 Glossing Glossing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 47 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 48 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 49 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 51 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 52 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 53 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 54 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 55 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 56 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 57 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 58 Kabyle Kabyle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 59 Riffian Riffian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 60 Shawiya Shawiya NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 61 Shilha Shilha NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 62 Tuareg Tuareg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 63 Chadic Chadic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 64 Hausa Hausa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 65 Cushitic Cushitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 66 Afar afar NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 67 Beja Beja NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 68 Oromo Oromo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 69 Somali Somali NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 70 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 71 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 72 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 73 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 74 Omotic omotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 75 Wolaytta Wolaytta NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 76 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 77 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 78 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 79 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 80 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 81 Varieties Varieties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 82 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 83 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 84 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 85 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 86 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 87 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 88 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 89 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 90 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 91 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 92 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 93 Phoenician Phoenician NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 94 Ethiopic Ethiopic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 95 Ethiopic Ethiopic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 96 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 97 Amharic Amharic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 98 Tigrinya Tigrinya NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 99 Tigre Tigre NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 100 Geʽez Geʽez NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 101 Gurage Gurage NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 102 Italics Italics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 103 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 104 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 105 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 106 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 107 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 108 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 109 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 110 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 111 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 112 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 113 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 114 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 115 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 116 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 117 artifacts artifact NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 118 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 119 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 120 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 121 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 122 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 123 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 124 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 125 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 126 Portraiture Portraiture NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 127 Astronomy Astronomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 128 Chronology Chronology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 129 Cities Cities NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 131 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 132 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 133 Clothing Clothing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 134 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 135 Dance Dance NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 136 Dynasties Dynasties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 137 Funerary Funerary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 138 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 139 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 140 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 141 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 142 Wives wife NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 143 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 144 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 145 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 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Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 167 Egyptology Egyptology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 168 Egyptologists egyptologist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 169 Museums Museums NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 170   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 171 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 172 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 173 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 174 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 175 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 176 WikiProject WikiProject NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 177 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 178 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 179 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 180 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 181 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 182 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 183 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 184 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 185 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 186 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 187 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 188 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 189 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 190 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 191 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 192 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 193 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 194 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 195 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 196 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 197 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 198 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 199 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 200 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 201 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 202 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 203 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 204 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 205 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 206 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 207 Minority Minority NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 208 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 209 Beja Beja NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 210 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 211 Domari Domari NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 212 Nobiin Nobiin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 213 Siwi Siwi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 214 Sinai Sinai NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 215 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 216 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 217 Sinawi Sinawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 218 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 219 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 220 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 221 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 222 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 223 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 224 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 225 Immigrant immigrant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 226 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 227 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 228 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 229 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 230 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 231 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 232 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 233 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 234 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 235 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 236 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 237 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 238 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 239 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 240 cb11935369 cb11935369 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 241 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 242 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 243 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 244 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 245 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 246 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 247 4120107 4120107 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 248 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 249 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 250 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 251 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 252 sh85041339 sh85041339 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 253 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 254 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 255 00562074 00562074 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 256 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 257 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 258 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 259 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_language&oldid=1001405345 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_language&oldid=1001405345 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 260 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 261 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 262 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 263 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 264 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 265 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 266 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 267 attested attest VBD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 268 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 269 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 270 27th 27th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 271 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 272 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 273 Extinct Extinct NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 274 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 275 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 276 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 277 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 278 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 279 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 280 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 281 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 282 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 283 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 284 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 285 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 286 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 287 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 288 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 289 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 290 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 291 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 292 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 293 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 294 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 295 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 296 dmy dmy NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 297 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 298 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 299 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 300 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 301 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 302 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 303 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 304 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 305 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 306 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 307 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 308 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 309 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 310 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 311 unreferenced unreferenced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 312 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 313 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 314 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 315 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 316 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 317 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 318 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 319 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 320 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 321 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 322 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 323 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 324 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 325 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 326 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 327 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 328 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 329 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 330 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 331 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 332 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 333 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 334 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 335 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 336 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 337 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 338 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 339 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 340 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 341 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 342 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 343 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 344 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 345 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 346 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 347 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 348 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 349 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 350 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 351 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 352 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 353 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 354 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 355 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 356 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 357 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 358 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 359 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 360 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 361 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 362 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 363 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 364 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 365 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 366 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 367 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 368 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 369 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 370 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 371 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 372 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 373 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 374 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 375 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 376 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 377 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 378 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 379 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 380 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 381 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 382 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 383 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 384 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 385 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 386 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 387 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 388 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 389 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 390 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 391 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 392 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 393 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 394 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 395 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 396 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 397 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 398 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 399 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 400 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 401 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 402 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 403 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 404 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 405 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 406 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 407 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 408 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 409 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 410 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 411 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 412 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 413 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 414 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 415 file file VBP 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projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 438 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 439 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 440 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 441 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 442 አማርኛ አማርኛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 443 Аҧсшәа Аҧсшәа NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 444 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 445 Aragonés Aragonés NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 446 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 447 Авар Авар NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 448 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 449 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 450 Bân bân NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 451 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 452 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 453 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 454 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 455 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 456 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 457 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP 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15:03 15:03 CD en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 562   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 563 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 564 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 565 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9749 353 566 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-9749 354 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 355 1 By 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 356 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9749 356 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9749 356 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 356 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 356 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-9749 356 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 356 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9749 357 13 statement statement NN