id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 1 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 4 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 17 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 18 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 19 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 20 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 22 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 24 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 26 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 27 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 29 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 31 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 33 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 34 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 35 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 39 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 40 atlas atlas NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 41 illustrated illustrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 43 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 44 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 45 Shepherd Shepherd NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 46 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 47 Nisa Nisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 48 Today Today NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 49 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 51 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 53 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 54 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 55 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 56 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 57 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 58 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 60 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 61 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 62 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 63 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 64 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 66 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 67 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 69 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 1 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 1 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 3 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 4 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 6 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 7 Parθava Parθava NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 9 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 11 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 12 Parθaw Parθaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 14 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 15 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 17 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥‎ 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥‎ CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 18 Pahlaw pahlaw NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 22 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 23 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 24 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 26 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 28 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 29 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 2 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 3 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 5 subjugated subjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 8 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 11 Medes Medes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 14 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 19 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 22 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 23 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 25 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 26 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 28 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 31 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 36 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 37 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 40 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 41 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 42 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 43 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 45 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 47 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 49 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 50 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 52 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 54 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 3 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 2 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 3 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 4 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 7 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 9 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 10 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 13 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 15 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 16 Parni Parni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 19 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 20 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 22 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 25 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 26 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 28 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 29 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 30 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 31 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 32 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 4 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 2 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 6 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 9 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 11 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 12 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 15 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 17 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 19 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 21 Seven Seven NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 22 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 23 clans clan NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 25 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 28 feudal feudal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 29 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 5 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 3 Name name NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 5 Geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 8 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 9 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 11 Achaemenids Achaemenids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 12 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 13 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 15 Seleucids Seleucids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 16 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 17 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 19 Arsacids Arsacids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 20 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 21 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 23 Sasanians Sasanians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 24 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 25 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 27 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 28 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 29 Society society NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 30 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 31 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 32 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 33 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 34 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 35 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 36 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 37 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 38 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 39 Bibliography Bibliography NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 40 Name[edit Name[edit NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 42 Xerxes Xerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 43 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 44 tomb tomb VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 46 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 47 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 48 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 49 470 470 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 50 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 51 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 52 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 54 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 56 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 57 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 58 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 59 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 60 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 61 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 63 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 64 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 65 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 66 Parthava Parthava NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 68 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 69 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 71 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 72 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 73 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 74 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 75 designator designator NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 76 signifying signifying NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 77 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 78 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 80 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 81 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 82 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 83 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 84 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 85 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 86 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 6 87 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 2 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 5 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 8 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 10 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 12 Parthyaea Parthyaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 7 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 5 Geography[edit geography[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 7 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 8 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 9 corresponds correspond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 12 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 14 northeastern northeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 15 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 17 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 18 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 21 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 8 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 3 bordered border VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 6 Karakum Karakum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 7 desert desert NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 10 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 12 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 13 Kopet Kopet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 14 Dag Dag NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 15 mountain mountain NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 16 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 19 Dasht Dasht NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 21 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 23 Kavir Kavir NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 24 desert desert NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 27 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 9 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 2 bordered border VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 3 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 6 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 8 Hyrcania Hyrcania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 11 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 12 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 14 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 17 north north NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 18 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 21 Aria Aria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 24 south south NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 25 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 10 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 5 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 6 Arsacid Arsacid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 7 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 9 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 11 united unite VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 13 Hyrcania Hyrcania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 16 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 17 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 20 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 21 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 23 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 24 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 26 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 28 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 30 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 32 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 34 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 35 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 11 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 5 History[edit History[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 7 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 9 Achaemenids[edit achaemenids[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 11 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 13 𓊪𓃭𓍘𓇋𓍯𓈉 𓊪𓃭𓍘𓇋𓍯𓈉 NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 15 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 17 rw rw NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 19 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 21 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 23 wꜣ wꜣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 27 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 30 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 31 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 34 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 39 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 40 Statue Statue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 42 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 12 43 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 3 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 4 inhabited inhabit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 6 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 8 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 9 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 10 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 13 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 14 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 16 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 17 lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 19 governorates governorate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 22 satrapies satrapie NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 25 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 27 dominion dominion NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 13 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 1 Prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 6 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 9 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 10 seem seem VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 14 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 17 Medes,[1 Medes,[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 20 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 22 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 23 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 24 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 25 mention mention VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 27 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 28 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 29 Partakka Partakka NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 31 Partukka Partukka NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 33 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 34 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 36 need nee MD en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 38 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 39 coincided coincide VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 40 topographically topographically RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 41 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 43 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 44 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 14 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 5 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 7 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 9 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 11 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 14 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 15 Astyages Astyages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 17 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 18 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 22 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 23 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 25 acknowledge acknowledge VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 26 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 29 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 34 allegiance allegiance NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 35 secured secure VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 36 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 37 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 38 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 39 flanks flank NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 41 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 42 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 44 conduct conduct VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 46 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 48 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 49 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 50 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 51 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 52 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 53 Sardis Sardis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 15 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 3 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 5 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 7 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 8 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 10 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 12 seizure seizure NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 15 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 16 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 18 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 19 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 22 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 23 united unite VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 26 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 27 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 28 Phraortes Phraortes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 30 revolt revolt VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 31 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 32 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 16 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 1 Hystaspes hystaspe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 4 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 5 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 8 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 10 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 13 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 15 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 16 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 19 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 21 suppress suppress VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 23 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 26 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 28 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 29 occurred occur VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 30 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 31 522–521 522–521 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 17 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 7 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 8 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 9 mention mention NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 11 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 15 Behistun Behistun NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 16 inscription inscription NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 18 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 19 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 21 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 22 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 24 listed list VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 28 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 29 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 30 clockwise clockwise NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 31 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 33 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 35 governorates governorate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 38 vicinity vicinity NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 40 Drangiana Drangiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 18 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 5 inscription inscription NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 6 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 8 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 9 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 19 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 2 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 5 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 11 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 12 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 14 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 16 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 19 Hecatompylus Hecatompylus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 20 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 5 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 7 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 9 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 10 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 11 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 13 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 14 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 17 Achaemenids Achaemenids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 20 historiographer historiographer NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 21 treats treat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 21 23 Parthians Parthians NNPS 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Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 25 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 5 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 7 Seleucids[edit seleucids[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 9 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 11 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 13 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 17 Partition Partition NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 19 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 21 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 23 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 25 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 26 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 28 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 29 governorate governorate NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 31 Nicanor Nicanor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 26 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 1 Phrataphernes phratapherne NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 4 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 5 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 7 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 8 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 10 Hyrcania Hyrcania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 27 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 2 320 320 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 4 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 8 Partition Partition NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 10 Triparadisus Triparadisus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 12 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 14 reassigned reassign VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 16 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 18 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 19 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 21 Sogdiana Sogdiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 28 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 29 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 29 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 29 3 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 29 4 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 29 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 29 6 the the DT 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Eudamus Eudamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 5 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 6 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 9 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 10 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 12 governorate governorate NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 15 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 16 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 30 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 6 316 316 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 10 Stasander Stasander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 13 vassal vassal NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 15 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 16 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 17 Nicator Nicator NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 19 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 21 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 26 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 28 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 30 Aria Aria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 32 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 35 appointed appoint VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 36 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 38 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 31 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 3 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 4 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 5 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 8 Seleucids seleucid NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 9 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 11 appointed appoint VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 12 governors governor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 15 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 32 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 5 Coin Coin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 7 Andragoras Andragoras NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 10 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 11 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 12 satrap satrap NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 14 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 33 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 34 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 34 2 proclaimed proclaim VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 34 3 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 34 4 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 34 5 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 34 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 34 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 34 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 2 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 4 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 6 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 8 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 10 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 13 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 14 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 15 seized seize VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 16 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 19 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 20 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 22 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 26 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 27 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 29 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 32 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 33 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 36 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 38 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 35 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 5 Taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 6 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 9 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 10 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 11 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 13 Andragoras Andragoras NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 16 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 17 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 19 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 21 proclaimed proclaim VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 23 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 25 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 26 minting mint VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 28 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 29 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 36 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 5 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 9 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 10 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 11 Arsaces arsace NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 14 Scythian scythian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 16 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 17 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 22 elected elect VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 23 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 26 Parni",[8 Parni",[8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 29 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 31 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 32 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 35 Tajen Tajen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 36 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 37 Tajend Tajend NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 38 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 39 valley valley NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 41 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 43 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 46 Caspian Caspian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 47 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 37 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 6 secession secession NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 8 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 11 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 15 resultant resultant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 16 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 18 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 19 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 20 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 22 Andragoras Andragoras NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 24 difficulty difficulty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 26 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 28 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 31 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 32 238 238 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 34 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 35 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 36 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 38 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 41 Arsaces Arsaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 43 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 44 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 45 Tiridates"[8][10 tiridates"[8][10 NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 47 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 49 Parni Parni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 50 invaded[11 invaded[11 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 52 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 54 seized seize VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 55 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 57 Astabene Astabene NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 59 Astawa Astawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 63 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 64 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 66 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 67 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 70 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 71 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 72 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 73 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 74 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 75 Kabuchan Kabuchan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 77 Kuchan Kuchan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 78 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 80 vulgate vulgate NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 38 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 6 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 7 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 8 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 10 Parni Parni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 11 seized seize VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 13 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 15 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 17 Andragoras Andragoras NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 19 killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 20 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 23 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 39 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 2 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 3 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 4 punitive punitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 5 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 8 Seleucids seleucid NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 10 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 14 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 17 Seleucids seleucid NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 18 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 19 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 20 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 21 recaptured recapture VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 22 Arsacid Arsacid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 23 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 24 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 26 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 28 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 30 Arsaces Arsaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 31 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 34 Tiridates Tiridates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 35 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 37 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 39 Arsaces Arsaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 40 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 40 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 1 Arsaces arsace NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 2 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 3 sued sue VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 5 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 7 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 8 vassal vassal NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 9 status,[10 status,[10 NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 16 Arsaces Arsaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 17 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 19 grandson grandson NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 22 grand grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 24 nephew nephew NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 26 Phraates phraate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 27 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 31 Arsacids Arsacids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 32 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 33 Parni Parni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 34 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 35 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 36 begin begin VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 38 assert assert VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 39 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 40 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 41 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 4 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 6 Arsacids[edit arsacids[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 11 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 13 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 14 horseman horseman NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 15 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 17 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 20 Palazzo Palazzo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 21 Madama Madama NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 23 Turin Turin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 42 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 1 Coin coin NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 3 Mithridates mithridate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 6 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 7 171–138 171–138 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 43 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 2 reverse reverse NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 3 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 4 Heracles Heracles NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 8 inscription inscription NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 9 ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 10 ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 11 ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 12 ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ φιλελληνος NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 14 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 15 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 16 Arsaces Arsaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 18 friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 20 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 44 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 1 Reproduction reproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 4 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 5 archer archer NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 7 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 9 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 11 Column column NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 45 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 2 sculpted sculpted JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 3 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 5 broken break VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 6 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 9 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 10 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 14 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 15 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 16 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 18 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 20 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 21 helmet helmet NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 25 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 26 royal royal NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 27 residence residence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 29 necropolis necropolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 31 Nisa Nisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 33 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 34 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 35 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 36 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 37 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 38 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 40 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 43 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 44 dynasts dynast NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 45 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 46 extended extend VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 47 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 48 dominion dominion NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 49 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 50 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 51 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 53 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 54 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 46 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 3 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 4 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 5 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 6 eponymous eponymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 7 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 10 thrones throne NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 12 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 14 Iberia Iberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 17 Caucasian Caucasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 18 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 47 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 2 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 4 Arsacids Arsacids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 6 sporadically sporadically RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 9 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 11 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 14 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 15 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 17 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 19 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 21 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 22 feudal feudal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 23 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 25 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 26 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 27 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 29 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 30 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 32 Arsacids Arsacids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 33 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 48 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 2 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 5 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 8 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 9 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 10 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 11 tracts tract NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 13 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 14 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 16 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 17 conquered conquered JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 18 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 19 adjacent adjacent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 21 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 25 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 26 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 27 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 28 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 30 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 31 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 49 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 2 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 5 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 7 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 9 Kuchan Kuchan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 11 Semnan Semnan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 13 Gorgan Gorgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 15 Merv Merv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 17 Zabol Zabol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 19 Yazd Yazd NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 50 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 6 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 7 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 10 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 13 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 15 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 18 handful handful NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 20 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 21 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 22 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 26 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 27 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 28 opposed oppose VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 30 monarch monarch NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 33 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 34 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 38 contributory contributory JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 39 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 42 downfall downfall NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 46 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 51 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 5 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 6 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 9 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 11 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 12 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 13 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 14 incursions incursion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 16 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 17 nomadic nomadic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 18 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 20 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 22 Sakas Sakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 25 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 29 Massagetae Massagetae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 52 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 2 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 5 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 6 dynasts dynast NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 7 responded respond VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 8 personally personally RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 10 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 11 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 12 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 16 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 17 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 18 threats threat NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 20 Seleucids Seleucids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 22 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 23 looming loom VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 26 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 27 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 30 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 35 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 37 Mithridates Mithridates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 38 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 53 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 1 Defending defend VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 3 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 4 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 6 nomads nomad NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 7 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 8 Phraates Phraates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 9 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 11 Artabanus Artabanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 12 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 14 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 54 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 6 Crassus Crassus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 7 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 9 conquer conquer VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 10 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 12 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 16 decisively decisively RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 17 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 20 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 22 Carrhae Carrhae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 55 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 1 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 3 planning plan VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 4 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 5 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 9 assassinated assassinate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 11 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 56 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 2 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 3 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 7 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 8 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 9 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 57 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 5 Around around RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 6 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 10 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 11 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 12 broke break VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 13 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 14 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 16 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 17 Tiridates Tiridates NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 18 rebelled rebel VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 19 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 20 Phraates Phraates NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 21 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 23 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 26 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 29 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 31 Phraates Phraates NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 32 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 33 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 34 persecuted persecute VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 58 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 2 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 4 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 5 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 8 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 10 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 59 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 5 9/8 9/8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 8 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 9 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 10 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 12 putting put VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 14 preferred prefer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 15 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 18 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 21 Vonones Vonones NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 22 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 24 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 25 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 26 tight tight JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 28 budgetary budgetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 29 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 31 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 32 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 34 usurped usurped JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 36 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 38 Artabanus Artabanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 39 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 41 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 42 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 44 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 45 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 47 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 48 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 49 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 50 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 51 nobleman nobleman NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 60 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 2 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 3 Artabanus Artabanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 4 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 6 consolidate consolidate VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 8 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 14 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 16 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 17 instances instance NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 21 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 23 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 24 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 27 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 28 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 30 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 31 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 32 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 33 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 34 sway sway NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 61 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 6 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 8 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 11 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 12 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 14 neighboring neighbor VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 15 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 19 nomads nomad NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 23 infighting infighting NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 24 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 26 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 27 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 28 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 29 weakened weaken VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 31 Arsacids Arsacids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 34 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 35 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 36 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 37 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 38 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 39 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 40 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 41 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 42 subjugated subjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 43 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 62 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 2 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 3 fractured fracture VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 5 vassalaries vassalarie NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 6 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 7 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 8 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 11 subjugated subjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 13 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 17 Arsacids Arsacids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 19 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 20 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 21 vanquished vanquish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 24 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 25 Sassanids Sassanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 28 formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 29 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 30 vassal vassal NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 32 southwestern southwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 33 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 36 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 37 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 63 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 5 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 7 Sasanians[edit sasanians[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 9 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 10 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 12 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 14 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 16 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 18 folded fold VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 21 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 22 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 23 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 25 Khorasan,[citation Khorasan,[citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 26 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 29 henceforth henceforth RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 30 ceased cease VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 32 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 35 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 36 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 64 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 4 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 5 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 6 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 8 resist resist VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 9 Sasanian sasanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 10 dominion dominion NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 13 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 16 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 17 switched switch VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 19 allegiance allegiance NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 22 Sasanians Sasanians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 23 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 24 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 65 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 1 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 2 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 4 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 5 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 8 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 9 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 10 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 13 Sasanian sasanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 14 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 19 Seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 20 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 23 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 29 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 30 probability probability NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 33 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 35 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 36 contrived contrived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 37 genealogies genealogy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 40 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 42 emphasize emphasize VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 44 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 47 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 66 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 3 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 5 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 7 literature[edit literature[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 12 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 14 Hercules Hercules NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 16 Hatra Hatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 18 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 20 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 21 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 23 1st–2nd 1st–2nd CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 25 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 67 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 2 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 3 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 4 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 7 north north JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 9 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 10 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 68 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 1 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 2 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 3 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 4 survives survive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 8 Sassanid sassanid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 9 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 12 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 13 form,[17 form,[17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 17 seem seem VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 20 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 21 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 22 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 23 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 24 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 69 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 2 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 3 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 9 thriving thriving JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 10 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 11 minstrel minstrel JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 13 poet poet NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 14 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 18 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 21 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 23 minstrel minstrel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 25 gosan gosan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 26 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 27 survives survive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 29 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 30 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 32 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 33 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 34 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 35 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 36 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 38 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 40 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 43 gusan gusan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 47 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 48 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 49 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 50 practised practise VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 51 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 53 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 54 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 56 vocabulary vocabulary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 58 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 70 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 5 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 7 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 9 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 10 facet facet NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 12 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 13 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 14 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 17 cradle cradle NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 19 grave grave VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 24 entertainers entertainer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 26 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 28 commoners commoner NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 29 alike alike RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 31 proclaiming proclaim VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 33 worthiness worthiness NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 35 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 36 patrons patron NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 37 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 38 association association NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 40 mythical mythical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 41 heroes hero NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 43 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 71 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 5 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 6 heroic heroic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 7 poems poem NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 10 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 13 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 16 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 17 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 18 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 19 Xwaday Xwaday NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 21 namag namag NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 24 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 25 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 26 Firdausi Firdausi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 28 Shahnameh Shahnameh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 33 doubtless doubtless RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 35 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 36 wholly wholly RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 37 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 40 Khurasan Khurasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 42 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 43 Firdausi Firdausi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 44 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 46 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 72 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 6 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 7 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 9 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 13 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 15 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 18 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 19 3,000 3,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 20 ostraca ostraca NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 21 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 24 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 25 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 30 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 31 storage storage NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 34 Nisa Nisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 37 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 39 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 40 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 73 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 2 handful handful NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 5 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 7 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 8 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 12 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 13 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 14 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 18 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 20 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 21 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 23 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 26 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 28 sale sale NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 29 document document NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 30 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 31 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 32 Avroman Avroman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 36 Kermanshah Kermanshah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 37 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 39 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 43 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 44 ostraca ostraca NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 46 graffiti graffiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 49 fragment fragment NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 52 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 53 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 54 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 55 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 56 Dura Dura NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 58 Europos Europos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 60 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 61 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 62 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 63 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 74 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 6 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 7 Arsacids arsacid NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 8 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 10 seem seem VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 14 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 16 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 17 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 22 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 23 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 25 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 26 coinage coinage NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 27 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 29 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 31 Vologases Vologases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 32 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 34 51–58 51–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 35 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 75 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 4 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 8 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 10 nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 11 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 12 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 14 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 15 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 16 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 19 declarations declaration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 23 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 24 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 26 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 28 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 31 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 32 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 33 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 34 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 35 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 36 inscribed inscribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 38 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 76 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 5 Society[edit society[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 7 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 8 waterspout waterspout NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 10 1st–2nd 1st–2nd CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 12 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 77 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 1 City city NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 3 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 7 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 8 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 10 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 12 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 13 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 14 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 17 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 18 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 24 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 27 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 30 Achaemenids Achaemenids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 32 Seleucids Seleucids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 78 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 3 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 5 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 10 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 12 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 14 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 17 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 19 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 20 landholders landholder NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 22 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 23 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 25 serfs serf NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 27 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 31 indentured indenture VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 32 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 35 disposal disposal NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 79 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 4 Communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 6 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 7 peasants peasant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 9 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 80 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 5 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 6 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 7 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 9 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 10 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 12 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 15 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 16 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 18 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 20 freemen freeman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 81 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 3 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 6 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 8 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 9 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 10 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 13 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 82 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 3 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 6 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 7 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 10 general general NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 11 priesthood priesthood NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 13 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 16 mercantile mercantile NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 17 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 19 lower lower RBR en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 21 ranking rank VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 22 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 23 servants servant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 27 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 29 herdsmen herdsman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 32 bottom bottom NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 83 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 5 Little Little NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 10 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 11 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 14 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 15 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 17 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 19 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 20 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 21 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 84 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 1 Significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 2 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 3 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 4 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 7 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 10 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 11 road road NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 13 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 17 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 18 Hecatompylos Hecatompylos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 19 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 21 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 22 junction junction NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 85 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 5 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 6 cities[edit cities[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 8 Nisa Nisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 10 Nissa Nissa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 12 Nusay Nusay NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 15 Mithridatkirt Mithridatkirt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 17 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 20 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 21 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 22 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 25 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 28 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 29 capitals capital NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 32 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 35 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 36 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 37 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 86 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 2 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 4 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 7 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 8 foothills foothill NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 11 Kopetdag Kopetdag NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 12 mountains mountain NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 14 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 15 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 16 west west RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 18 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 20 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 21 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 23 Ashgabat Ashgabat NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 26 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 28 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 87 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 4 Nisa Nisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 8 soaring soar VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 11 story story NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 12 hall hall NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 15 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 16 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 17 style"[24 style"[24 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 20 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 21 complexes complex NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 25 Arsaces arsace NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 26 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 88 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 5 Mithridates Mithridates NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 8 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 10 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 11 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 12 BC–138 BC–138 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 17 renamed rename VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 18 Mithradatkirt Mithradatkirt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 21 fortress fortress NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 23 Mithradates Mithradates NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 89 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 1 Merv Merv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 5 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 6 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 9 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 10 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 11 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 90 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 5 Asaak Asaak NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 6 Hecatompylos hecatompylo NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 7 Gurgan Gurgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 8 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 9 also[edit also[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 11 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 13 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 14 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 15 Khwarasan Khwarasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 16 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 17 Khorasan Khorasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 18 Adur Adur NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 19 Burzen Burzen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 21 Mihr Mihr NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 22 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 23 shot shoot VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 24 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 26 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 27 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 28 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 30 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 32 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 91 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 92 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 92 2 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 92 3 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 92 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 92 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 92 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 92 7 104,n.1 104,n.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 92 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 93 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 93 2 Mallowan Mallowan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 93 3 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 93 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 93 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 93 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 93 7 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 93 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 3 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 4 | | CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 5 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 6 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 8 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 94 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 95 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 95 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 95 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 10 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 96 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 97 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 97 2 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 97 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 97 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 97 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 97 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 97 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 98 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 98 2 Cook Cook NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 98 3 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 98 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 98 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 98 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 98 7 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 98 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 99 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 99 2 Cook Cook NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 99 3 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 99 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 99 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 99 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 99 7 252 252 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 99 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 100 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 100 2 Bivar Bivar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 100 3 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 100 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 100 5 para para NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 100 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 101 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 101 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 4 Curtis Curtis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 10 harvnb harvnb NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 11 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 13 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 14 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 16 CITEREFCurtis2007 citerefcurtis2007 NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 18 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 102 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 103 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 103 2 Lecoq Lecoq NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 103 3 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 103 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 103 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 103 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 103 7 151 151 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 103 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 4 Bivar Bivar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 5 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 9 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 104 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 105 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 105 2 Bickerman Bickerman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 105 3 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 105 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 105 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 105 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 105 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 105 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 106 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 106 2 Bivar Bivar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 106 3 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 106 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 106 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 106 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 106 7 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 106 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 4 Schippmann Schippmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 5 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 9 527 527 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 107 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 108 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 108 2 Schippmann Schippmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 108 3 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 108 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 108 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 108 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 108 7 528 528 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 108 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 109 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 109 2 Schippmann Schippmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 109 3 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 109 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 109 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 109 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 109 7 529 529 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 109 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 110 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 110 2 Lukonin Lukonin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 110 3 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 110 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 110 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 110 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 110 7 704 704 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 110 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 111 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 111 2 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 111 3 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 111 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 111 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 111 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 111 7 1151 1151 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 111 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 112 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 112 2 electricpulp.com electricpulp.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-7253 112 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 113 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 113 2 ARMENIA ARMENIA NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 113 3 AND and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 113 4 IRAN IRAN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 113 5 iv iv IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 113 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 114 1 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 114 2 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 114 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 114 4 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 114 5 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 114 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 114 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 115 1 www.iranicaonline.org www.iranicaonline.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 115 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 7 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 116 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 117 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 117 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 117 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 117 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 117 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 118 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 118 2 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 118 3 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 118 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 118 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 118 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 118 7 1115 1115 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 118 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 119 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 119 2 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 119 3 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 119 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 119 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 119 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 119 7 1157 1157 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 119 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 120 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 120 2 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 120 3 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 120 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 120 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 120 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 120 7 1153 1153 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 120 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 4 Schippmann Schippmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 5 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 9 532 532 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 121 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 3 Старая Старая NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 4 и и NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 5 Новая Новая NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 6 Ниса Ниса NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 10 Исторические Исторические NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 11 памятники памятники NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 12 Туркменистана Туркменистана NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 122 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 123 1 www.turkmenistan.orexca.com www.turkmenistan.orexca.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-7253 123 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 124 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 125 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 125 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 125 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 125 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 125 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 2 Starr Starr NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 5 Frederick Frederick NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 126 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 1 Lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 2 Enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 4 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 5 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 7 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 8 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 11 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 12 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 14 Tamerlane Tamerlane NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 127 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 128 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 128 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 128 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 128 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 129 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 129 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 129 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 129 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 7 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 9 15773 15773 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 130 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 131 1 Bibliography[edit bibliography[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7253 131 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 131 3 Bickerman Bickerman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 131 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 131 5 Elias Elias NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 131 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 2 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 7 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 8 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 12 Yarshater Yarshater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 14 Ehsan Ehsan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 16 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 132 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 6 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 133 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 134 1 3–20 3–20 LS en-wikipedia-org-7253 134 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 135 1 Bivar Bivar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 135 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 135 3 A.D.H. A.D.H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 2 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 7 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 10 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 11 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 13 Arsacids Arsacids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 17 Yarshater Yarshater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 19 Ehsan Ehsan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 21 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 136 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 6 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 11 UP UP NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 137 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 138 1 21–99 21–99 LS en-wikipedia-org-7253 138 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 139 1 Bivar Bivar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 139 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 139 3 A.D.H. A.D.H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 6 Gorgan Gorgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 7 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 9 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 11 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 12 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 15 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 16 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 18 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 20 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 21 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 23 iranica.com iranica.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-7253 140 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 1 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 3 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 5 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 9 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 10 writings writing NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 12 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 16 Yarshater Yarshater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 18 Ehsan Ehsan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 20 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 141 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 6 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 11 UP UP NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 142 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 143 1 1151–1165 1151–1165 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 143 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 144 1 Cook Cook NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 144 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 144 3 J.M. J.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 2 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 7 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 10 Achaemenids Achaemenids NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 12 Establishment Establishment NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 15 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 19 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 21 Ilya Ilya NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 23 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 145 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 6 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 146 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 147 1 200–291 200–291 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 147 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 148 1 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 148 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 148 3 I.M. I.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 2 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 6 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 7 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 10 Medes Medes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 13 Neighbours neighbour NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 17 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 19 Ilya Ilya NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 21 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 149 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 6 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 150 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 151 1 36–148 36–148 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 151 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 1 Lecoq Lecoq NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 3 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 5 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 9 Aparna Aparna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 12 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 13 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 15 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 17 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 18 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 20 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 21 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 22 Kegan Kegan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 23 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 25 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 27 151 151 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 152 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 1 Lukonin Lukonin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 3 Vladimir Vladimir NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 6 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 10 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 12 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 14 Administrative Administrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 15 Institutions Institutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 19 Yarshater Yarshater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 21 Ehsan Ehsan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 23 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 153 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 6 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 154 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 155 1 681–747 681–747 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 155 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 1 Mallowan Mallowan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 3 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 5 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 9 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 11 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 15 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 17 Ilya Ilya NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 19 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 156 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 6 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 157 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 158 1 392–419 392–419 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 158 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 1 Olbrycht Olbrycht NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 3 Marek Marek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 4 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 9 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 10 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 11 ulteriores ulteriore NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 12 gentes gentes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 159 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 1 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 2 politischen politischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 3 Beziehungen Beziehungen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 4 zwischen zwischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 5 dem dem VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 6 arsakidischen arsakidischen RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 7 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 8 und und RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 9 den den VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 10 Nomaden Nomaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 11 der der RP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 12 eurasischen eurasischen NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 13 Steppen Steppen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 15 Munich Munich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 160 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 1 Olbrycht Olbrycht NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 3 Marek Marek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 4 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 10 Manpower Manpower NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 11 Resources Resources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 13 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 14 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 17 Arsakid Arsakid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 21 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 22 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 24 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 161 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 1 291 291 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 3 338 338 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 5 DOI DOI NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 7 10.2143 10.2143 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 9 AS.46.0.3167457 AS.46.0.3167457 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 162 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 1 Schippmann Schippmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 3 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 5 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 9 Arsacids arsacid VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 10 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 12 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 13 Arsacid Arsacid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 14 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 17 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 18 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 20 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 22 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 23 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 25 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 26 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 27 Kegan Kegan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 28 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 30 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 163 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 164 1 525–536 525–536 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 164 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 165 1 Verstandig Verstandig NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 165 2 Andre,(2001 Andre,(2001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 165 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 165 4 Histoire Histoire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 165 5 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 165 6 l'Empire l'Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 165 7 Parthe Parthe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 165 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 166 1 Brussels Brussels NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 166 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 166 3 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 166 4 Cri Cri NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 166 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 1 Wolski Wolski NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 3 Józef Józef NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 8 L’Empire L’Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 9 des des FW en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 10 Arsacides Arsacides NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 11 (= (= NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 12 Acta Acta NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 13 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 14 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 17 Lovanii Lovanii NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 19 Peeters Peeters NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 20 Yarshater Yarshater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 22 Ehsan Ehsan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 24 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 28 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 29 ii ii NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 167 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 1 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 4 An An NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 5 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 8 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 9 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 11 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 13 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 14 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 16 iranica.com iranica.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-7253 168 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 1 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 4 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 7 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 8 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 9 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 11 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 169 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 4 Provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 7 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 10 Behistun Behistun NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 12 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 13 Persepolis Persepolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 15 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 16 Naqsh Naqsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 18 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 19 Rustam Rustam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 21 / / , en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 22 Susa susa JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 24 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 25 Daiva Daiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 26 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 28 Akaufaka Akaufaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 30 Quhistan Quhistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 31 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-7253 170 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 1 Amyrgoi Amyrgoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 2 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 3 Arachosia Arachosia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 4 Aria Aria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 5 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 6 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 7 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 8 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 9 Cappadocia Cappadocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 10 Caria Caria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 11 Carmania Carmania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 12 Caucasian Caucasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 13 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 14 Chorasmia Chorasmia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 15 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 16 Colchis Colchis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 17 Dahae Dahae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 18 Drangiana Drangiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 19 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 20 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 21 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 22 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 24 Eber Eber NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 26 Nari Nari NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 28 Levant levant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 30 Elam Elam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 31 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 33 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 35 Gandāra Gandāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 37 Gandhara Gandhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 39 Gedrosia Gedrosia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 40 Hyrcania Hyrcania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 41 Ionia Ionia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 42 Hindush Hindush NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 43 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 44 Lydia Lydia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 45 Maka Maka NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 46 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 47 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 48 Lesser Lesser NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 49 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 50 Massagetae Massagetae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 51 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 52 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 53 Phoenicia Phoenicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 54 Phrygia Phrygia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 55 Hellespontine Hellespontine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 56 Phrygia Phrygia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 57 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 58 Phrygia Phrygia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 59 Saka Saka NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 60 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 61 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 62 Sattagydia Sattagydia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 63 Skudra Skudra NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 65 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 67 Sogdia Sogdia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 68 Yehud Yehud NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 69 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 70 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 71 Tax Tax NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 72 Districts Districts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 75 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 76 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 78 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 79 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 80 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 82 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 83 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 84 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 85 Provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 86 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 88 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 89 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 90 Abarshahr Abarshahr NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 91 Adurbadagan Adurbadagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 92 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 93 Arbayistan Arbayistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 94 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 95 Asoristan Asoristan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 96 Balasagan Balasagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 97 Dihistan Dihistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 98 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 99 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 100 Eran Eran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 101 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 102 Khwarrah Khwarrah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 103 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 104 Yazdegerd Yazdegerd NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 105 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 106 Garamig Garamig NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 107 ud ud NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 108 Nodardashiragan Nodardashiragan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 109 Garmekan Garmekan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 110 Gurgan Gurgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 111 Harev Harev NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 112 Hind Hind NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 113 Iberia Iberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 114 Kadagistan Kadagistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 115 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 116 Khuzistan Khuzistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 117 Kirman Kirman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 118 Kushanshahr Kushanshahr NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 119 Khwarazm Khwarazm NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 120 Lazica Lazica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 121 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 122 Machelonia Machelonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 123 Makuran Makuran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 124 Marw Marw NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 125 Mazun Mazun NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 126 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 127 Meshan Meshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 128 Nodardashiragan Nodardashiragan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 129 Paradan Paradan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 130 Padishkhwargar Padishkhwargar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 131 Pars Pars NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 132 Sakastan Sakastan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 133 Sogdia Sogdia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 134 Spahan Spahan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 135 Suristan Suristan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 136 Turan Turan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 137 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 138 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 139 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 140 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 141 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 142 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 143 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 144 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 145 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 146 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 147 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 148 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 149 Parni Parni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 150 Dahae Dahae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 151 Parni Parni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 152 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 153 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 154 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 155 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 156 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 157 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 158 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 159 monarchs monarchs NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 160 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 161 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 162 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 163 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 164 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 165 sub sub NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 166 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 167 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 168 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 169 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 170 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 171 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 172 Arsacid Arsacid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 173 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 174 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 175 Iberia Iberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 176 Arsacid Arsacid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 177 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 178 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 179 Caucasian Caucasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 180 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 181 Chosroid Chosroid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 182 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 183 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 184 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 185 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 186 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 187 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 188 clans clan VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 189 Seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 190 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 191 Houses Houses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 192 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 193 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 194 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 195 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 196 Ispahbudhan Ispahbudhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 197 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 198 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 199 Karen Karen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 200 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 201 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 202 Mihran Mihran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 203 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 204 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 205 Spandiyadh Spandiyadh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 206 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 207 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 208 Suren Suren NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 209 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 210 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 211 Varaz Varaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 212 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 213 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 214 Zik Zik NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 215 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 216 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 217 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 218 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 219 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 220 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 221 dress dress VBP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 222 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 223 coinage coinage NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 224 Wars Wars NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 225 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 226 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 227 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 228 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 229 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 230 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 231 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 232 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 233 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 234 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 235 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 236 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 237 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 238 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 239 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 240 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 241 58–63 58–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 242 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 243 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 244 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 245 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 246 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 247 161–166 161–166 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 248 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 249 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 250 Atropatene Atropatene NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 251 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 252 Pompeian pompeian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 253 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 254 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 255 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 256 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 257 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 258 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 259 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 260 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 261 Ctesiphon Ctesiphon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 262 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 263 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 264 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 265 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 266 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 267 Ctesiphon Ctesiphon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 268 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 269 198 198 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 270 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 271 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 272 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 273 Carrhae Carrhae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 274 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 275 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 276 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 277 Cilician Cilician NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 278 Gates Gates NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 279 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 280 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 281 Mount Mount NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 282 Gindarus Gindarus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 283 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 284 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 285 Amanus Amanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 286 Pass Pass NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 287 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 288 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 289 Nisibis Nisibis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 290 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 291 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 292 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 293 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 294 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 295 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 296 Caracalla Caracalla NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 297 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 298 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 299 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 300 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 301 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 302 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 303 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 304 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 305 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 306 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 307 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 308 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 309 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 310 shot shoot VBD en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 311 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 312 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 313 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 314 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 315 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 316 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 317 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 318 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parthia&oldid=1000128683 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=parthia&oldid=1000128683 RB en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 319 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 320 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 321 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 322 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 323 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 324 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 325 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 326 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 327 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 171 328 Empire Empire NNP 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Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 66 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 67 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 68 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 69 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 70 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 71 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 72 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 73 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 74 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 75 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 76 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 77 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 78 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 79 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 80 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 81 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 82 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 83 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 84 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 85 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7253 173 86 Recent recent JJ 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