id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 1 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 3 Iranians Iranians NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 5 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 6 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 8 Iranians Iranians NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 9 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 10 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 13 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 14 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 15 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 17 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 18 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 20 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 22 Sintashta Sintashta NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 24 Petrovka Petrovka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 25 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 27 red red NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 30 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 33 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 34 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 36 orange orange NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 40 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 41 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 42 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 44 overlapped overlap VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 46 Oxus Oxus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 47 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 49 green green NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 53 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 56 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 58 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 61 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 62 chariots chariot NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 64 pink pink JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 66 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 68 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 69 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 70 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 71 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 73 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 74 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 75 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 76 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 78 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 79 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 80 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 81 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 82 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 83 Albanian albanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 84 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 85 Balto Balto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 86 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 87 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 88 Baltic baltic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 89 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 90 Celtic Celtic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 91 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 92 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 93 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 94 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 95 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 96 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 97 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 98 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 99 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 100 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 101 Italic Italic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 102 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 103 Extinct Extinct NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 104 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 105 Tocharian Tocharian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 106 Paleo Paleo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 107 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 108 Balkan Balkan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 109 Dacian dacian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 110 Illyrian illyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 111 Liburnian liburnian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 112 Messapian messapian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 113 Mysian mysian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 114 Paeonian paeonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 115 Phrygian phrygian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 116 Thracian Thracian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 117 Reconstructed reconstruct VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 118 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 119 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 120 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 121 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 122 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 123 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 124 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 125 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 126 Sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 127 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 129 Accent Accent NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 130 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 131 Ablaut Ablaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 132 Hypothetical Hypothetical NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 133 Daco Daco NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 134 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 135 Thracian Thracian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 136 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 137 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 138 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 139 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 140 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 141 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 142 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 143 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 144 Phrygian Phrygian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 145 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 146 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 147 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 148 Italo Italo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 149 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 150 Celtic Celtic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 151 Thraco Thraco NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 152 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 153 Illyrian Illyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 154 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 155 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 156 Root Root NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 157 Verbs Verbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 158 Nouns Nouns NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 159 Pronouns Pronouns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 160 Numerals Numerals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 161 Particles Particles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 162 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 163 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 164 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 165 Albanian Albanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 166 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 167 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 168 Anatolian Anatolian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 169 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 170 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 171 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 172 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 173 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 174 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 175 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 176 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 177 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 178 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 179 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 180 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 181 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 182 Celtic celtic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 183 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 184 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 185 Italic Italic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 186 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 187 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 188 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 189 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 190 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 191 Balto Balto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 192 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 193 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 194 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 195 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 196 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 197 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 198 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 199 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 200 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 201 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 202 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 203 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 204 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 205 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 206 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 207 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 208 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 209 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 210 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 211 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 212 Hieroglyphic hieroglyphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 213 Luwian Luwian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 214 Linear Linear NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 215 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 216 Rigveda Rigveda NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 217 Avesta Avesta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 218 Homer Homer NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 219 Behistun Behistun NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 220 Gaulish gaulish JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 221 epigraphy epigraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 222 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 223 epigraphy epigraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 224 Runic runic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 225 epigraphy epigraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 226 Ogam Ogam NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 227 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 228 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 229 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 230 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 231 Slanting Slanting NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 232 Brahmi Brahmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 233 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 234 Irish irish JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 235 glosses gloss NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 236 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 237 Homeland Homeland NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 238 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 239 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 240 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 241 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 242 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 243 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 244 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 245 Mainstream Mainstream NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 246 Kurgan Kurgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 247 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 248 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 249 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 250 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 251 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 252 Eurasian eurasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 253 nomads nomad NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 254 Alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 255 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 256 fringe fringe NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 257 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 258 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 259 Armenian armenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 260 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 261 Indigenous Indigenous NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 262 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 263 Baltic Baltic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 264 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 265 Paleolithic Paleolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 266 Continuity Continuity NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 267 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 268 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 269 Chalcolithic Chalcolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 270 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 271 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 272 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 273 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 274 Pontic Pontic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 275 Steppe Steppe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 276 Domestication Domestication NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 277 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 278 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 279 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 280 Kurgan Kurgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 281 Kurgan Kurgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 282 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 283 Steppe Steppe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 284 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 285 Bug bug NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 286 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 287 Dniester Dniester NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 288 Sredny Sredny NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 289 Stog Stog NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 290 Dnieper Dnieper NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 291 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 292 Donets Donets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 293 Samara Samara NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 294 Khvalynsk Khvalynsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 295 Yamnaya Yamnaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 296 Mikhaylovka Mikhaylovka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 297 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 298 Novotitorovka Novotitorovka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 299 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 300 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 301 Maykop Maykop NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 302 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 303 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 304 Afanasievo Afanasievo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 305 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 306 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 307 Usatovo Usatovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 308 Cernavodă Cernavodă NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 309 Cucuteni Cucuteni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 310 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 311 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 312 Corded cord VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 313 ware ware NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 314 Baden Baden NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 315 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 316 Dnieper Dnieper NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 317 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 318 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 319 Pontic Pontic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 320 Steppe Steppe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 321 Chariot Chariot NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 322 Yamnaya Yamnaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 323 Catacomb Catacomb NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 324 Multi Multi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 325 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 326 cordoned cordoned JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 327 ware ware NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 328 Poltavka Poltavka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 329 Srubna Srubna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 330 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 331 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 332 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 333 Steppe Steppe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 334 Abashevo Abashevo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 335 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 336 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 337 Sintashta Sintashta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 338 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 339 Globular Globular NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 340 Amphora Amphora NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 341 Corded cord VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 342 ware ware NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 343 Beaker Beaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 344 Unetice Unetice NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 345 Trzciniec Trzciniec NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 346 Nordic Nordic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 347 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 348 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 349 Terramare Terramare NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 350 Tumulus Tumulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 351 Urnfield Urnfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 352 Lusatian Lusatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 353 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 354 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 355 BMAC BMAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 356 Yaz Yaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 357 Gandhara Gandhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 358 grave grave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 359 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 360 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 361 Steppe Steppe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 362 Chernoles Chernoles NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 363 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 364 Thraco Thraco NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 365 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 366 Cimmerian Cimmerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 367 Hallstatt Hallstatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 368 Jastorf Jastorf NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 369 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 370 Colchian Colchian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 371 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 372 Painted Painted NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 373 Grey Grey NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 374 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 375 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 376 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 377 Polished Polished NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 378 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 379 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 380 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 381 societies societie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 382 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 383 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 384 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 385 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 386 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 387 Hittites Hittites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 388 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 389 Armenians Armenians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 390 Mycenaean Mycenaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 391 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 392 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 393 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 394 Iranians Iranians NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 395 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 396 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 397 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 398 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 399 Aryans Aryans NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 400 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 401 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 402 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 403 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 404 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 405 Persians Persians NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 406 Medes Medes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 407 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 408 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 409 Saka Saka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 410 Sarmatians Sarmatians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 411 Massagetae Massagetae NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 412 Alans Alans NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 413 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 414 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 415 Wusun Wusun NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 416 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 417 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 418 Celts Celts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 419 Gauls Gauls NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 420 Celtiberians celtiberian VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 421 Insular Insular NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 422 Celts Celts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 423 Cimmerians Cimmerians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 424 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 425 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 426 Italic italic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 427 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 428 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 429 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 430 Paleo Paleo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 431 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 432 Balkan Balkan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 433 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 434 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 435 Thracians Thracians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 436 Dacians Dacians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 437 Illyrians illyrian VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 438 Paeonians paeonian NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 439 Phrygians Phrygians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 440 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 441 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 442 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 443 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 444 Tocharians Tocharians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 445 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 446 Albanians albanian VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 447 Balts Balts NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 448 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 449 Norsemen Norsemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 450 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 451 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 452 Scandinavians Scandinavians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 453 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 454 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 455 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 456 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 457 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 458 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 459 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 460 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 461 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 462 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 463 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 464 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 465 mythology mythology NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 466 Reconstructed Reconstructed NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 467 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 468 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 469 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 470 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 471 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 472 mythology mythology NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 473 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 474 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 475 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 476 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 477 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 478 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 479 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 480 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 481 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 482 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 483 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 484 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 485 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 486 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 487 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 488 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 489 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 490 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 491 Sikhism Sikhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 492 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 493 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 494 Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 495 Kurdish Kurdish NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 496 Yazidism Yazidism NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 497 Yarsanism Yarsanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 498 Scythian Scythian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 499 Ossetian Ossetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 500 Others Others NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 501 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 502 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 503 Paleo Paleo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 504 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 505 Balkan Balkan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 506 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 507 Albanian albanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 508 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 509 Illyrian illyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 510 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 511 Thracian thracian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 512 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 513 Dacian Dacian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 514 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 515 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 516 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 517 Celtic celtic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 518 Irish irish JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 519 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 520 Breton Breton NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 521 Welsh Welsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 522 Cornish Cornish NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 523 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 524 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 525 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 526 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 527 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 528 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 529 Baltic Baltic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 530 Latvian latvian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 531 Lithuanian lithuanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 532 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 533 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 534 Fire Fire NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 535 sacrifice sacrifice NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 536 Horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 537 sacrifice sacrifice NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 538 Sati Sati NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 539 Winter Winter NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 540 solstice solstice NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 541 / / , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 542 Yule Yule NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 543 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 544 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 545 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 546 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 547 Scholars Scholars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 548 Marija Marija NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 549 Gimbutas Gimbutas NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 550 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 551 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 552 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 553 Institutes Institutes NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 554 Copenhagen Copenhagen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 555 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 556 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 557 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 558 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 559 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 560 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 561 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 562 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 563 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 564 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 565 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 566 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 567 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 568 Horse Horse NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 569 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 570 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 571 Wheel Wheel NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 572 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 573 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 574 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 575 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 576 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 577 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 578 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 579 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 580 Indogermanisches Indogermanisches NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 581 etymologisches etymologische VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 582 Wörterbuch Wörterbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 583 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 584 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 585 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 586 Etymological Etymological NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 587 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 588 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 589 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 590 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 591 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 592 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 593 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 594 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 595 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 596 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 597 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 598 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 599 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 600 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 601 Iranic iranic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 602 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 603 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 604 scholars,[1 scholars,[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 605 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 606 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 607 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 608 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 609 Arya Arya NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 610 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 611 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 612 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 613 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 614 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 615 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 616 designation designation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 617 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 618 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 619 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 620 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 621 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 622 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 623 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 624 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 625 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 626 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 627 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 628 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 629 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 630 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 631 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 632 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 633 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 634 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 635 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 636 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 637 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 638 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 639 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 640 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 641 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 642 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 643 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 644 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 645 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 646 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 647 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 648 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 649 Eurasia Eurasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 650 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 651 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 652 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 653 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 654 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 655 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 656 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 657 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 658 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 1 659 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 2 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 3 branched branch VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 4 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 6 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 7 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 9 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 11 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 12 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 2 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 3 Nomenclature nomenclature NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 5 Origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 7 Expansion Expansion NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 8 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 9 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 10 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 12 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 14 Aryans Aryans NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 15 3.1.1 3.1.1 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 17 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 19 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 20 3.1.2 3.1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 21 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 22 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 24 Vedic vedic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 25 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 26 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 27 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 28 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 29 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 30 Iranians Iranians NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 31 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 32 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 33 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 34 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 35 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 36 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 37 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 38 Development development NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 39 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 40 Cognate Cognate NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 41 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 42 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 43 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 44 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 45 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 46 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 47 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 48 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 49 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 50 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 51 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 52 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 53 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 54 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 55 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 56 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 57 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 58 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 59 Nomenclature[edit Nomenclature[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 60 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 61 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 62 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 63 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 64 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 65 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 66 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 67 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 68 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 69 denote denote VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 71 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 73 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 75 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 76 Arya Arya NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 77 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 79 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 80 designation designation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 83 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 84 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 85 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 87 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 88 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 89 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 90 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 92 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 93 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 94 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 95 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 96 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 97 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 98 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 99 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 100 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 102 collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 103 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 104 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 105 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 106 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 107 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 108 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 3 109 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 2 2][3 2][3 LS en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 6 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 7 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 9 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 10 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 12 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 14 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 17 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 19 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 21 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 23 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 28 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 30 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 32 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 35 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 36 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 37 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 39 Josef Josef NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 40 Wiesehofer,[4 wiesehofer,[4 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 42 Will Will MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 43 Durant,[5 Durant,[5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 44 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 46 Jaakko Jaakko NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 47 Häkkinen Häkkinen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 4 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 2 6][7 6][7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 4 Population population NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 5 geneticist geneticist NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 6 Luigi Luigi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 7 Luca Luca NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 8 Cavalli Cavalli NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 10 Sforza Sforza NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 14 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 15 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 17 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 19 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 21 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 22 Genes Genes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 24 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 25 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 27 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 28 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 30 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 32 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 34 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 5 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 4 Origin[edit Origin[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 8 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 10 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 12 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 13 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 16 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 19 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 21 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 23 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 27 Sintashta Sintashta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 28 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 31 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 32 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 33 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 34 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 36 broader broad JJR en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 37 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 38 horizon horizon NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 41 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 42 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 44 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 45 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 48 Eurasian eurasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 49 steppe steppe NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 50 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 51 borders border VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 53 Ural Ural NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 54 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 55 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 57 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 60 Tian Tian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 61 Shan Shan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 62 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 64 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 66 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 68 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 69 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 70 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 71 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 72 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 73 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 74 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 75 occupied occupy VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 76 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 78 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 79 Afanasevo Afanasevo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 80 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 83 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 84 Transoxiana Transoxiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 85 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 87 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 88 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 89 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 91 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 6 92 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 4 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 9 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 11 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 13 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 15 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 16 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 19 prior prior JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 20 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 23 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 24 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 26 Harappan Harappan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 27 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 31 19th–20th 19th–20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 34 attestation attestation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 35 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 37 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 38 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 40 Sintashta Sintashta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 42 Kuzmina Kuzmina NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 44 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 46 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 47 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 49 chariot chariot NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 50 corroborates corroborate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 52 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 54 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 55 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 56 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 58 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 7 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 3 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 5 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 7 Vinogradov Vinogradov NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 9 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 11 harvcoltxt harvcoltxt NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 12 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 14 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 15 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 17 CITEREFAnthonyVinogradov1995 CITEREFAnthonyVinogradov1995 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 19 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 21 dated date VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 23 chariot chariot NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 24 burial burial NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 26 Krivoye Krivoye NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 27 Lake Lake NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 29 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 30 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 31 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 35 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 37 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 38 burial burial NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 39 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 40 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 41 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 43 foal foal NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 44 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 45 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 46 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 47 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 49 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 50 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 51 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 54 steppes steppe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 8 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 4 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 5 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 6 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 7 estimate estimate VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 10 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 12 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 14 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 15 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 16 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 17 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 19 diverge diverge VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 21 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 22 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 24 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 26 earlier,[14]:38–39 earlier,[14]:38–39 RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 27 preceding precede VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 28 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 30 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 32 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 33 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 9 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 3 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 4 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 9 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 10 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 12 Gathic Gathic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 13 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 16 remarkably remarkably RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 17 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 19 descended descend VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 23 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 25 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 27 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 28 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 10 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 2 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 4 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 5 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 8 Nuristani Nuristani NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 9 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 11 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 14 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 16 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 18 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 19 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 22 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 23 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 11 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 1 Expansion[edit expansion[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 3 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 5 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 6 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 7 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 8 4000 4000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 10 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 12 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 15 Kurgan Kurgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 16 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 12 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 1 Magenta Magenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 2 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 4 assumed assumed JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 5 Urheimat Urheimat NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 7 Samara Samara NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 8 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 10 Sredny Sredny NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 11 Stog Stog NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 12 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 15 red red VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 17 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 19 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 20 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 22 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 24 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 26 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 28 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 29 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 30 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 32 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 33 2500 2500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 34 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 37 orange orange VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 39 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 41 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 42 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 13 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 4 Archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 5 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 6 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 8 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 10 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 11 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 14 EIEC EIEC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 14 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 2 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 4 BMAC BMAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 6 Yaz Yaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 7 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 11 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 13 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 15 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 16 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 15 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 2 GGC GGC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 4 Cemetery Cemetery NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 5 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 7 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 8 Hoard Hoard NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 10 PGW PGW NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 11 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 13 candidates candidate NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 15 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 16 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 18 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 20 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 21 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 16 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 4 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 6 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 7 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 8 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 10 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 11 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 13 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 15 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 16 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 19 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 21 Burrow Burrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 23 1973)[16 1973)[16 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 26 Parpola Parpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 28 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 17 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 2 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 4 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 7 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 9 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 10 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 13 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 15 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 17 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 18 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 21 chariot chariot NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 18 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 3 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 6 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 7 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 10 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 12 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 14 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 15 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 16 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 19 Caspian Caspian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 20 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 21 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 24 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 26 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 27 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 30 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 31 plateau plateau NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 34 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 35 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 19 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 3 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 4 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 5 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 7 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 9 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 11 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 13 chariot chariot NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 14 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 17 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 20 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 20 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 1 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 2 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 4 Indo indo VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 6 Aryans[edit aryans[edit RP en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 11 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 13 Aryan aryan NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 14 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 16 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 18 Anatolia[edit anatolia[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 20 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 21 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 23 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 25 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 28 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 29 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 31 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 32 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 34 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 35 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 36 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 38 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 40 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 42 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 43 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 44 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 46 Hurrian Hurrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 48 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 49 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 50 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 51 supposedly supposedly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 52 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 53 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 55 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 56 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 57 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 59 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 61 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 62 elite elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 21 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 2 17]:257 17]:257 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 3 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 5 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 6 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 8 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 10 superstrate superstrate NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 14 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 18 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 19 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 20 manual manual NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 21 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 24 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 25 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 26 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 27 Kikkuli Kikkuli NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 31 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 34 Hittites Hittites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 36 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 37 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 39 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 40 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 41 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 42 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 44 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 46 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 47 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 51 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 53 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 54 invoked invoke VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 55 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 56 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 57 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 59 treaties treaty NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 22 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 2 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 4 Kikkuli Kikkuli NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 6 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 7 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 8 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 11 aika aika FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 23 16 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 1 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 2 cognate cognate NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 5 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 7 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 8 eka eka NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 11 tera tera NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 13 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 16 tri tri NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 19 panza panza FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 21 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 24 pancha pancha NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 27 satta satta NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 29 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 33 sapta sapta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 36 na na IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 38 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 41 nava nava NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 45 vartana vartana NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 47 turn turn VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 48 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 53 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 55 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 56 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 57 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 59 Indo indo VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 61 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 62 vartana vartana NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 24 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 3 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 6 Hittites Hittites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 9 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 12 Ashvin Ashvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 13 deities deitie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 14 Mitra Mitra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 16 Varuna Varuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 18 Indra Indra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 21 Nasatya Nasatya NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 23 invoked invoke VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 25 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 2 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 3 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 5 connect connect VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 7 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 8 superstrate superstrate NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 10 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 12 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 13 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 15 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 26 18 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 3 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 4 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 7 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 10 aiva aiva JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 27 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 4 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 5 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 7 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 8 culture[edit culture[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 11 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 12 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 15 entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 18 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 20 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 21 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 24 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 25 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 29 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 30 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 31 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 32 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 34 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 35 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 37 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 38 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 40 headwaters headwater NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 43 Indus Indus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 45 later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 47 Ganges Ganges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 28 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 3 stratum stratum NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 5 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 6 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 8 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 12 Rigveda Rigveda NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 15 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 17 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 18 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 29 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 2 17]:258[19 17]:258[19 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 6 Indus Indus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 9 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 11 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 13 spread spread VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 15 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 16 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 19 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 20 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 21 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 23 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 25 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 27 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 28 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 31 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 33 sparing spare VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 35 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 36 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 30 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 2 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 4 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 7 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 8 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 9 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 10 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 11 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 13 principalities principality NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 16 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 19 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 20 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 21 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 24 doorstep doorstep NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 26 Bengal Bengal NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 31 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 3 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 6 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 9 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 11 Rigvedic rigvedic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 12 Kuru Kuru NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 15 Kurukshetra Kurukshetra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 18 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 19 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 23 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 25 Pañcālas Pañcālas NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 26 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 27 east east RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 29 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 30 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 32 Gandhara Gandhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 34 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 35 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 37 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 39 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 42 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 45 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 47 Kosala Kosala NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 50 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 51 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 52 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 54 Magadha Magadha NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 32 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 2 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 3 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 4 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 6 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 13 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 15 Chandragupta Chandragupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 16 Maurya Maurya NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 18 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 20 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 23 Mauryan Mauryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 24 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 33 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 2 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 3 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 5 southwestern southwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 6 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 8 whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 9 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 11 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 14 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 15 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 17 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 18 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 19 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 22 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 23 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 34 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 2 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 4 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 11 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 13 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 16 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 19 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 20 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 35 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 3 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 5 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 6 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 10 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 12 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 14 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 16 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 18 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 19 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 21 Fiji Fiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 23 Suriname Suriname NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 26 Maldives Maldives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 36 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 1 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 2 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 4 Iranians[edit iranians[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 7 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 8 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 10 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 13 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 14 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 37 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 2 14]:42–43 14]:42–43 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 5 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 7 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 9 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 10 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 15 Cimmerians Cimmerians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 18 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 20 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 22 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 24 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 25 affiliation affiliation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 27 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 38 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 3 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 6 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 10 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 12 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 13 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 16 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 17 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 18 Sakas Sakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 39 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 1 Sarmatian sarmatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 2 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 5 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 7 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 11 Roxolani Roxolani NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 13 Rhoxolani Rhoxolani NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 16 Iazyges Iazyges NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 18 Jazyges Jazyges NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 22 Alani Alani NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 24 Alans Alans NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 27 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 29 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 30 westwards westward NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 32 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 35 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 36 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 37 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 40 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 42 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 43 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 44 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 46 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 47 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 49 Migrations Migrations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 40 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 2 populous populous JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 3 Sarmatian sarmatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 4 tribe tribe NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 7 Massagetae Massagetae NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 9 dwelling dwell VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 10 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 12 Caspian Caspian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 13 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 16 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 19 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 20 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 22 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 25 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 26 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 41 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 2 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 3 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 4 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 5 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 8 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 10 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 13 Sarmatian sarmatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 14 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 15 ranged range VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 18 Vistula Vistula NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 19 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 22 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 25 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 27 eastward eastward RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 30 Volga Volga NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 32 bordering border VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 34 shores shore NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 37 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 39 Caspian Caspian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 40 seas sea NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 41 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 42 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 45 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 48 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 42 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 6 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 9 Saka Saka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 10 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 12 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 14 Xinjiang Xinjiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 17 Khotan Khotan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 19 Tumshuq Tumshuq NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 43 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 2 Medians Medians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 4 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 6 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 7 begin begin VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 9 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 12 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 13 plateau plateau NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 15 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 16 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 21 Achaemenids Achaemenids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 22 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 23 Elamite Elamite NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 24 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 26 559 559 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 27 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 44 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 1 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 3 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 4 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 5 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 7 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 8 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 9 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 11 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 14 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 15 edge edge NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 18 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 19 plateau plateau NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 23 mountainous mountainous JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 24 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 26 northwestern northwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 28 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 29 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 31 displacing displace VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 33 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 34 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 36 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 39 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 45 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 2 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 3 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 6 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 8 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 9 decisively decisively RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 10 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 46 12 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 1 Slavicisation slavicisation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 4 absorbed absorb VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 7 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 9 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 13 region,[21][22][23][24 region,[21][22][23][24 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 17 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 18 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 21 Turkic Turkic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 23 marginalized marginalize VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 25 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 26 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 29 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 32 Turkic Turkic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 33 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 36 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 37 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 38 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 47 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 1 Extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 2 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 3 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 4 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 6 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 8 Pashto Pashto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 10 Kurdish Kurdish NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 13 Balochi Balochi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 14 besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 15 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 16 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 17 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 48 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 1 Ossetian ossetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 3 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 4 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 6 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 7 Ossetia Ossetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 9 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 10 Ossetia Ossetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 14 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 15 descendant descendant NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 17 Alanic Alanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 23 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 24 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 25 Sarmatian sarmatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 26 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 29 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 30 wide wide RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 32 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 33 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 34 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 35 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 36 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 37 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 38 stretched stretch VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 40 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 41 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 42 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 44 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 45 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 47 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 48 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 49 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 1 Archaeology[edit Archaeology[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 3 Archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 4 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 5 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 7 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 9 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 10 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 11 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 14 Poltavka Poltavka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 15 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 17 2700–2100 2700–2100 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 18 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 20 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 21 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 22 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 23 horizon horizon NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 25 2200–1000 2200–1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 26 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 28 Sintashta Sintashta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 30 Petrovka Petrovka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 32 Arkaim Arkaim NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 34 2200–1600 2200–1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 35 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 37 Alakul Alakul NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 39 2100–1400 2100–1400 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 40 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 42 Fedorovo Fedorovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 44 1400–1200 1400–1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 45 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 47 Alekseyevka Alekseyevka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 49 1200–1000 1200–1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 50 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 52 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 54 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 55 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 56 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 58 2200–1700 2200–1700 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 59 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 61 Srubna Srubna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 62 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 64 2000–1100 2000–1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 65 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 67 Abashevo abashevo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 68 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 70 1700–1500 1700–1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 71 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 73 Yaz Yaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 74 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 75 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 76 1500–1100 1500–1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 77 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 79 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 80 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 81 Cemetery Cemetery NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 82 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 83 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 84 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 85 1900–1300 1900–1300 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 86 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 87 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 88 Swat Swat NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 89 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 90 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 91 1600–500 1600–500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 92 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 93 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 94 Painted Painted NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 95 Gray Gray NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 96 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 97 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 98 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 99 1100–350 1100–350 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 100 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 101 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 102 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 103 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 104 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 105 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 106 Grey Grey NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 107 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 109 1500–1000 1500–1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 110 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 111 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 112 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 113 West west JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 114 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 115 Buff Buff NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 116 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 117 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 118 900–700 900–700 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 119 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 120 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 121 Parpola Parpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 122 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 123 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 124 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 125 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 126 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 127 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 128 identifications identification NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 129 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 130 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 131 range range NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 132 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 133 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 134 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 135 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 136 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 137 Parpola Parpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 138 2800–2000 2800–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 139 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 140 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 141 Catacomb Catacomb NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 142 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 143 Poltavka Poltavka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 144 cultures culture VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 145 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 146 PIE PIE NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 147 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 148 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 149 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 150 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 151 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 152 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 153 2000–1800 2000–1800 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 154 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 155 Srubna Srubna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 156 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 157 Abashevo Abashevo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 158 cultures culture VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 159 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 160 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 161 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 162 2000–1800 2000–1800 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 163 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 164 Petrovka Petrovka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 165 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 166 Sintashta Sintashta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 167 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 168 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 169 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 170 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 171 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 172 1900–1700 1900–1700 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 173 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 174 BMAC BMAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 175 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 176 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 177 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 178 Dasa Dasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 179 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 180 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 181 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 182 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 183 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 184 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 185 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 186 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 187 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 188 BMAC BMAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 189 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 190 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 191 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 192 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 193 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 194 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 195 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 196 Rigvedic rigvedic NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 197 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 198 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 199 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 200 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 201 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 202 1700 1700 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 203 1900–1400 1900–1400 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 204 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 205 Cemetery Cemetery NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 206 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 207 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 208 Dasa Dasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 209 1800–1000 1800–1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 210 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 211 Alakul Alakul NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 212 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 213 Fedorovo Fedorovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 214 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 215 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 216 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 217 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 218 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 219 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 220 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 221 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 222 Sauma Sauma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 223 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 224 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 225 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 226 practicing practice VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 227 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 228 Soma Soma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 229 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 230 1700–1400 1700–1400 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 231 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 232 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 233 Swat Swat NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 234 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 235 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 236 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 237 Rigvedic Rigvedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 238 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 239 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 240 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 241 Dardic Dardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 242 1700–1500 1700–1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 243 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 244 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 245 BMAC BMAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 246 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 247 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 248 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 249 Sauma Sauma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 250 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 251 Dasa Dasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 252 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 253 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 254 assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 255 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 256 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 257 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 258 Dasa Dasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 259 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 260 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 261 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 262 Sauma Sauma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 263 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 264 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 265 1500–1000 1500–1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 266 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 267 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 268 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 269 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 270 Grey Grey NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 271 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 272 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 273 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 274 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 275 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 276 offshoot offshoot NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 277 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 278 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 279 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 280 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 281 Sauma Sauma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 282 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 283 Dasa Dasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 284 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 285 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 286 1400–800 1400–800 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 287 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 288 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 289 Swat Swat NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 290 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 291 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 292 Punjab Punjab NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 293 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 294 Painted Painted NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 295 Grey Grey NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 296 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 297 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 298 Rigvedic rigvedic NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 299 1400–1100 1400–1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 300 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 301 Yaz Yaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 302 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 303 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 304 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 305 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 306 Seistan Seistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 307 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 308 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 309 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 310 1100–1000 1100–1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 311 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 312 Gurgan Gurgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 313 Buff Buff NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 314 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 315 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 316 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 317 West west JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 318 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 319 Buff Buff NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 320 Ware Ware NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 321 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 322 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 323 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 324 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 325 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 326 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 327 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 328 1000–400 1000–400 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 329 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 330 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 331 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 332 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 333 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 334 Xinjiang Xinjiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 335 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 336 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 337 Saka Saka NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 338 Language[edit language[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 339 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 340 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 341 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 342 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 343 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 344 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 345 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 346 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 347 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 348 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 349 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 350 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 351 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 352 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 353 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 354 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 355 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 356 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 357 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 358 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 359 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 360 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 361 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 362 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 363 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 364 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 365 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 366 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 367 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 368 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 369 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 370 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 371 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 372 Satem Satem NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 373 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 374 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 375 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 376 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 377 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 378 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 379 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 380 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 381 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 382 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 383 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 384 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 385 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 386 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 387 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 388 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 389 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 390 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 391 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 392 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 393 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 394 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 395 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 396 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 397 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 398 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 399 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 400 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 401 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 402 Rigveda Rigveda NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 50 403 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 2 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 3 phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 4 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 5 separating separate VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 6 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 8 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 10 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 12 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 14 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 16 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 19 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 22 ablauting ablaute VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 23 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 24 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 25 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 27 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 28 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 30 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 32 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 34 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 35 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 37 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 38 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 39 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 41 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 42 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 43 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 45 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 46 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 47 Brugmann Brugmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 48 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 49 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 51 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 1 Grassmann Grassmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 3 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 5 Bartholomae Bartholomae NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 7 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 10 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 12 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 14 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 16 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 22 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 25 labiovelars labiovelar NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 27 kw kw UH en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 29 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 52 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 1 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 2 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 6 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 7 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 9 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 11 Satem Satem NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 13 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 15 palatized palatized JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 16 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 17 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 19 ć ć PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 23 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 25 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 27 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 28 * * NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 29 k'ṃto- k'ṃto- NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 30 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 31 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 33 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 53 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 1 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 2 ćata- ćata- XX en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 3 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 4 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 5 śata- śata- NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 7 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 8 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 54 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 55 1 sata sata NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 55 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 55 3 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 55 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 55 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 3 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 4 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 6 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 8 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 10 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 12 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 14 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 17 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 20 voiced voiced JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 21 sibilant sibilant NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 22 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 23 z z NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 26 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 28 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 31 de de NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 32 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 33 aspiration aspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 36 PIE PIE NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 37 voiced voice VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 38 aspirates aspirate NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 56 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 1 Religion[edit religion[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 3 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 6 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 7 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 8 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 10 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 11 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 12 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 15 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 17 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 19 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 20 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 21 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 23 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 25 later late JJR en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 26 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 28 Zoroastrian zoroastrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 29 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 31 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 33 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 34 shared share VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 36 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 37 inheritance inheritance NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 39 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 40 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 42 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 43 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 44 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 45 Hṛta- Hṛta- NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 47 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 48 rta rta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 50 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 51 asha asha NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 55 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 56 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 58 drink drink VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 59 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 60 sawHma- sawHma- NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 62 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 63 Soma Soma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 65 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 66 Haoma Haoma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 69 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 71 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 72 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 73 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 74 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 75 * * NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 76 mitra- mitra- NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 78 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 79 Mitra Mitra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 81 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 82 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 83 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 84 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 85 Mithra Mithra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 87 Miϑra Miϑra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 89 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 90 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 91 bʰaga- bʰaga- XX en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 92 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 93 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 94 Bhaga Bhaga NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 95 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 96 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 97 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 98 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 99 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 100 Baga Baga NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 101 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 57 102 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 1 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 3 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 5 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 6 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 9 archaic archaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 10 offshoot offshoot NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 12 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 14 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 15 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 58 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 3 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 5 dispersed disperse VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 6 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 8 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 9 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 12 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 14 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 15 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 18 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 24 unattested unattested JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 25 proto proto RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 27 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 29 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 30 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 31 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 33 deduced deduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 59 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 5 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 7 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 8 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 11 Nuristani nuristani JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 14 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 15 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 18 Kalash Kalash NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 19 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 22 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 23 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 26 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 27 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 30 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 32 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 34 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 38 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 40 Shinto Shinto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 42 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 45 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 46 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 48 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 50 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 51 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 52 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 53 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 55 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 56 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 57 owing owe VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 58 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 59 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 60 presumably presumably RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 63 steppes steppe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 65 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 66 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 67 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 68 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 69 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 70 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 60 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 2 Shinto Shinto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 4 traces trace NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 9 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 12 myth myth NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 15 storm storm NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 16 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 17 Susanoo Susanoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 18 slaying slay VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 20 serpent serpent JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 21 Yamata Yamata NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 23 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 25 Orochi orochi NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 29 myth myth NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 32 dawn dawn NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 33 goddess goddess NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 34 Ame Ame NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 36 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 38 Uzume uzume NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 61 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 2 26][27][28 26][27][28 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 4 Development[edit development[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 6 Beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 7 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 9 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 10 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 12 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 13 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 15 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 62 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 5 cosmo cosmo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 7 mythology mythology NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 10 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 12 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 15 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 16 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 17 steppes steppe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 20 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 21 plateau plateau NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 25 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 26 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 27 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 28 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 31 Indians Indians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 33 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 34 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 36 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 38 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 40 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 41 daiva daiva NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 43 * * NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 44 asura asura NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 47 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 48 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 50 divinities divinity NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 51 individually individually RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 63 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 5 Indians Indians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 7 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 8 conservative[citation conservative[citation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 9 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 12 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 15 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 18 divinities divinity NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 20 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 22 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 23 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 25 conflated conflate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 27 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 30 conversely conversely RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 32 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 35 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 36 divinity divinity NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 37 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 38 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 39 divinities divinity NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 41 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 42 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 43 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 64 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 5 Zoroaster Zoroaster NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 7 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 8 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 12 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 15 upheavals upheaval NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 18 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 19 Heroic Heroic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 20 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 22 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 23 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 24 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 25 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 27 1800–800 1800–800 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 28 BC[citation bc[citation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 29 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 34 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 35 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 37 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 39 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 40 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 41 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 42 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 65 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 5 Sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 6 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 7 myths myth NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 8 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 10 altogether altogether RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 11 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 12 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 66 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 2 Rig Rig NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 4 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 5 Sarasvati Sarasvati NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 7 linguistically linguistically RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 9 functionally functionally RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 10 cognate cognate VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 12 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 13 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 14 Haraxvaitī Haraxvaitī NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 15 Ārəduuī Ārəduuī NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 16 Sūrā Sūrā NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 17 Anāhitā[citation anāhitā[citation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 18 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 67 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 3 Rig Rig NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 5 Veda Veda NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 7 6,61,5–7 6,61,5–7 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 9 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 10 battles battle VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 12 serpent serpent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 13 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 14 Vritra Vritra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 18 hoarded hoard VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 19 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 22 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 24 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 68 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 6 portions portion NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 9 Avesta Avesta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 11 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 12 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 13 Harahvati Harahvati NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 16 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 18 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 20 flows flow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 21 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 24 mythical mythical JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 25 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 26 Mount Mount NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 27 Hara Hara NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 69 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 2 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 3 Harahvati Harahvati NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 4 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 6 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 7 — — : en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 8 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 10 blocked block VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 13 obstacle obstacle NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 15 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 17 obstacle obstacle NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 19 vərəϑra vərəϑra NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 21 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 22 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 24 Angra Angra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 25 Mainyu Mainyu NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 70 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 4 Cognate cognate VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 5 terms[edit terms[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 8 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 11 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 13 cognate cognate NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 18 gleaned glean VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 20 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 21 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 22 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 25 Rigveda Rigveda NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 27 Avesta Avesta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 71 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 2 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 9 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 10 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 12 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 14 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 15 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 16 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 21 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 23 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 25 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 28 respective respective JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 29 Indic indic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 31 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 32 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 72 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 4 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 6 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 7 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 8 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 9 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 10 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 11 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 12 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 13 Hāpš Hāpš NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 14 āp āp IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 15 āp āp IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 17 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 20 āpas āpa NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 23 Waters Waters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 25 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 26 Hapām Hapām NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 27 Napāts Napāts NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 28 Apam Apam NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 29 Napat Napat NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 31 Apām Apām NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 32 Napāt Napāt NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 33 Apām Apām NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 34 Napāt Napāt NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 37 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 39 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 41 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 42 aryaman aryaman NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 43 aryaman aryaman NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 44 airyaman airyaman NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 45 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 46 Arya Arya NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 48 hood hood NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 51 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 52 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 53 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 54 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 56 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 58 Arya Arya NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 59 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 60 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 62 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 63 Hr̥tas Hr̥tas NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 64 rta rta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 65 asha asha NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 66 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 67 arta arta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 68 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 69 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 70 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 71 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 73 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 74 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 75 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 76 order order VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 77 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 78 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 79 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 80 righteousness righteousness NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 81 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 82 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 83 atharwan atharwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 84 atharvan atharvan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 85 āϑrauuan āϑrauuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 87 aϑaurun aϑaurun NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 88 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 89 priest priest NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 90 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 91 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 92 Haǰʰiš Haǰʰiš NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 93 ahi ahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 94 azhi azhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 95 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 97 aži aži NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 98 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 99 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 100 dragon dragon NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 102 snake snake NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 103 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 104 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 105 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 106 serpent serpent JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 107 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 108 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 109 daywas daywas JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 110 daiva daiva NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 112 deva deva NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 113 daeva daeva NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 115 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 116 daēuua daēuua NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 117 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 118 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 119 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 120 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 121 divinities divinities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 122 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 123 manu manu NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 124 manu manu NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 125 manu manu NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 126 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 127 man man NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 128 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 129 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 130 mitra mitra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 131 mitra mitra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 132 mithra mithra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 133 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 134 miϑra miϑra NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 135 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 136 oath oath NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 138 covenant covenant NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 139 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 140 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 141 Hasuras Hasuras NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 142 asura asura NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 143 ahura ahura NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 144 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 145 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 146 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 147 spirits spirit NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 148 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 149 sarwatāt sarwatāt NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 150 sarvatat sarvatat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 151 Hauruuatāt Hauruuatāt NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 152 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 153 intactness intactness JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 154 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 155 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 156 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 157 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 158 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 159 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 160 SaraswatiH SaraswatiH NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 161 Sarasvatī Sarasvatī NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 162 Haraxvaitī Haraxvaitī NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 163 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 164 Ārəduuī ārəduuī VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 165 Sūrā Sūrā NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 166 Anāhitā Anāhitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 167 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 168 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 169 controversial controversial NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 170 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 171 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 172 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 173 mythological mythological JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 174 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 175 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 176 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 177 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 178 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 179 goddess goddess NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 180 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 181 sawmas sawmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 182 sauma sauma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 183 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 184 soma soma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 185 haoma haoma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 186 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 187 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 188 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 189 deified deify VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 190 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 191 suHar suhar NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 192 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 193 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 194 suHr̥ suhr̥ NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 195 svar svar NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 196 hvar hvar NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 197 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 198 xvar xvar NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 199 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 200 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 201 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 202 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 203 cognate cognate VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 204 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 205 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 206 helios helio NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 207 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 208 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 209 sol sol NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 210 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 211 Engl Engl NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 73 212 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 1 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 2 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 3 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 4 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 6 tep tep NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 7 Tapati Tapati VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 8 tapaiti tapaiti NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 9 Possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 10 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 12 solar solar JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 13 goddess goddess NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 15 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 16 Tabiti Tabiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 19 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 20 Hellenised hellenised JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 21 Scythian scythian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 22 theonym theonym NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 74 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 1 Cognate cognate VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 3 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 4 tepeo tepeo NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 8 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 75 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 1 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 2 wr̥tras wr̥tras . en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 3 Vrtra- Vrtra- NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 4 verethra verethra NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 6 vərəϑra vərəϑra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 8 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 76 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 1 Verethragna Verethragna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 3 Vərəϑraγna Vərəϑraγna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 6 obstacle obstacle NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 8 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 9 Yamas Yamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 10 Yama Yama NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 11 Yima Yima NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 12 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 15 solar solar JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 16 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 17 Vivasvant Vivasvant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 18 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 19 Vīuuahuuant Vīuuahuuant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 20 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 21 yaĵnas yaĵna NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 22 yajña yajña NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 23 yasna yasna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 25 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 27 yazata yazata NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 29 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 31 sacrifice sacrifice NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 33 oblation oblation IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 35 Genetics[edit genetics[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 37 R1a1a R1a1a NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 39 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 41 M17 M17 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 43 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 45 M198 M198 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 47 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 49 sub sub NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 50 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 51 clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 52 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 53 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 54 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 55 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 56 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 58 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 59 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 77 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 2 discussions discussion NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 3 purportedly purportedly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 5 R1a r1a JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 6 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 8 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 9 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 11 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 14 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 15 R1a1a R1a1a NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 17 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 19 M17 M17 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 21 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 23 M198 M198 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 25 sub sub NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 26 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 27 clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 78 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 1 Data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 2 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 3 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 4 collected collect VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 5 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 10 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 11 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 12 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 14 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 15 frequency frequency NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 20 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 21 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 22 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 28 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 29 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 31 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 32 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 34 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 79 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 6 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 8 prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 9 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 10 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 15 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 17 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 19 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 20 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 22 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 23 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 24 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 25 geneticists geneticist NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 27 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 28 genealogists genealogist NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 32 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 36 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 37 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 39 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 41 archaeologists archaeologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 42 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 80 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 1 Out out IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 4 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 5 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 6 remains remain NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 7 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 10 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 11 horizon horizon NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 14 Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 15 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 17 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 18 possessed possess VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 20 R1a r1a JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 21 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 23 chromosome chromosome NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 24 haplogroup haplogroup NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 27 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 29 M130 M130 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 30 haplogroup haplogroup NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 32 xC3 xc3 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 81 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 1 mtDNA mtDNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 2 haplogroups haplogroup NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 4 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 5 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 6 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 9 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 10 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 11 horizon horizon NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 13 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 16 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 18 U4 u4 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 20 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 21 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 24 U2e U2e NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 26 U5a1 U5a1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 28 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 30 T1 T1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 32 T4 T4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 34 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 37 K2b K2b NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 82 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 5 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 9 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 10 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 12 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 13 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 17 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 20 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 22 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 24 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 27 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 28 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 29 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 30 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 31 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 36 west west JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 37 Eurasian eurasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 38 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 41 mtDNA mtdna NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 42 haplogroups haplogroup NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 43 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 45 U u NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 47 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 49 HV HV NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 51 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 53 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 55 W w NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 59 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 60 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 61 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 63 13th–7th 13th–7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 64 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 65 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 67 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 68 Kazakh Kazakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 69 samples sample NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 70 belonged belong VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 71 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 72 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 73 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 83 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 5 also[edit also[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 7 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 9 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 11 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 13 Satemization satemization NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 14 Ariana Ariana NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 15 Aryavarta Aryavarta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 16 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 19 Klejn Klejn NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 21 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 25 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 27 Bryant Bryant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 28 2001:206 2001:206 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 30 acknowledges acknowledge VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 32 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 33 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 36 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 37 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 39 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 40 finds find VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 42 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 43 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 44 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 45 late[clarification late[clarification CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 46 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 47 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 48 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 49 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 50 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 52 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 53 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 55 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 56 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 57 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 58 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 59 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 61 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 64 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 65 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 66 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 67 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 69 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 70 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 71 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 72 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 73 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 75 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 77 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 78 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 79 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 81 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 82 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 83 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 84 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 85 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 87 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 88 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 89 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 90 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 91 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 84 92 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 4 Klejn Klejn NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 6 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 8 p.58 p.58 IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 10 further far RBR en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 11 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 14 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 15 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 16 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 18 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 19 contain contain VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 20 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 21 reminiscent reminiscent JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 23 Timber Timber NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 25 Frame Frame NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 26 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 27 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 85 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 5 Brentjes Brentjes NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 7 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 10 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 12 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 13 dating dating NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 16 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 17 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 86 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 4 Bryant bryant VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 5 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 6 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 8 Lyonnet Lyonnet NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 10 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 13 Francfort Francfort NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 15 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 19 point point VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 22 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 24 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 25 remains remain NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 28 Andronovans Andronovans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 29 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 32 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 33 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 87 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 4 Bosch Bosch NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 6 Gimpera Gimpera NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 8 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 11 Hiebert Hiebert NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 13 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 15 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 17 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 19 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 20 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 21 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 23 Iran,[11 Iran,[11 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 26 Hiebert Hiebert NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 28 agrees agree VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 31 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 34 BMAC BMAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 35 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 38 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 39 plateau plateau NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 42 Indus Indus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 43 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 44 borderlands borderland NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 45 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 47 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 50 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 51 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 52 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 53 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 54 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 56 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 57 candidate candidate NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 58 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 59 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 60 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 61 correlate correlate NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 64 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 66 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 67 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 68 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 69 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 70 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 71 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 72 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 73 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 74 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 75 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 77 Hiebert Hiebert NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 78 1995:192 1995:192 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 80 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 88 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 4 Sarianidi Sarianidi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 5 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 8 Andronovo Andronovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 9 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 11 penetrated penetrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 14 minimum minimum JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 15 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 89 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 4 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 7 Naseer Naseer NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 8 Dashti Dashti NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 10 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 11 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 90 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 2 Baloch Baloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 4 Balochistan Balochistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 7 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 8 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 11 Beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 14 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 17 Baloch Baloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 18 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 91 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 92 1 Trafford Trafford NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 92 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 92 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 7 4669 4669 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 9 5897 5897 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 93 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 4 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 8 Gherardo Gherardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 9 Gnoli Gnoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 11 Instituto Instituto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 12 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 13 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 14 l'Africa l'Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 15 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 16 l'Oriente l'Oriente NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 18 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 20 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 94 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 95 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 95 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 1 Schmitt Schmitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 4 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 7 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 8 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 10 Excerpt:"The Excerpt:"The NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 11 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 12 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 13 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 14 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 16 OInd oind UH en-wikipedia-org-5661 96 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 97 1 ā́rya- ā́rya- JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 97 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 97 3 Ir ir UH en-wikipedia-org-5661 97 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 1 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 2 arya- arya- XX en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 3 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 5 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 6 a- a- NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 10 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 11 Pers Pers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 98 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 99 1 ariya- ariya- LS en-wikipedia-org-5661 99 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 99 3 Av Av NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 99 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 100 1 airiia- airiia- NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 100 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 100 3 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 100 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 100 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 1 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 3 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 4 designation designation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 7 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 9 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 10 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 12 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 13 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 15 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 16 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 17 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 20 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 23 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 24 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 25 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 26 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 27 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 28 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 30 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 31 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 32 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 33 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 34 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 36 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 101 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 102 1 OInd oind UH en-wikipedia-org-5661 102 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 103 1 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 103 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 103 3 ā́rya- ā́rya- JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 103 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 103 5 Av Av NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 103 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 104 1 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 104 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 104 3 airiia- airiia- NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 104 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 104 5 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 104 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 4 lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 7 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 8 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 9 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 10 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 12 Lat Lat NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 105 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 106 1 Alani Alani NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 106 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 106 3 NPers NPers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 106 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 107 1 īrān īrān NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 107 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 107 3 Oss Oss NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 107 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 108 1 Ir Ir NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 108 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 108 3 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 108 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 108 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 108 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 2 accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 3 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 9 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 11 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 13 Wiesehofer Wiesehofer NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 15 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 17 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 18 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 109 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 110 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 110 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 110 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 110 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 110 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 111 1 I.B. I.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 112 1 Tauris Tauris NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 112 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 1 Recommends recommend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 3 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 9 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 11 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 13 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 17 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 19 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 22 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 24 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 25 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 27 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 29 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 32 index index NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 34 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 35 Durant Durant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 37 Will Will MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 39 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 40 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 41 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 113 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 114 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 114 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 114 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 114 4 1954 1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 114 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 115 1 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 115 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 115 3 Schuster Schuster NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 115 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 3 Will Will NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 4 Durant Durant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 6 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 7 286 286 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 9 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 11 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 12 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 13 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 14 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 17 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 18 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 20 Harri Harri NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 25 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 28 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 116 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 2 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 6 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 8 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 9 appellation appellation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 12 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 13 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 14 near near RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 16 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 20 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 22 shores shore NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 25 Caspian Caspian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 26 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 117 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 4 properly properly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 5 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 6 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 7 chiefly chiefly RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 10 Mitannians Mitannians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 12 Hittites Hittites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 14 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 16 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 19 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 20 Hindus Hindus NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 22 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 24 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 27 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 28 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 31 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 33 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 34 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 36 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 37 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 38 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 39 populated populate VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 40 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 42 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 43 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 44 Häkkinen Häkkinen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 46 Jaakko Jaakko NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 48 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 118 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 3 contacts contact NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 5 Uralic uralic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 7 Yukaghir Yukaghir NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 119 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 2 Tiina Tiina NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 3 Hyytiäinen Hyytiäinen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 5 Lotta Lotta NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 6 Jalava Jalava NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 8 Janne Janne NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 9 Saarikivi Saarikivi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 11 Erika Erika NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 12 Sandman Sandman NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 14 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 120 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 1 Per per IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 2 Urales Urales NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 3 ad ad NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 4 Orientem orientem NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 6 Festschrift Festschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 8 Juha Juha NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 9 Janhunen Janhunen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 12 occasion occasion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 15 60th 60th JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 16 birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 18 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 19 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 20 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 23 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 121 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 122 1 Helsinki Helsinki NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 122 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 122 3 Finno Finno NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 122 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 122 5 Ugric Ugric NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 122 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 122 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 5 952 952 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 7 5667 5667 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 9 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 123 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 124 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 124 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 124 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 124 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 124 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 2 Häkkinen Häkkinen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 4 Jaakko Jaakko NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 125 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 2 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 5 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 7 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 10 computational computational JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 11 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 12 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 14 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 15 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 16 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 17 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 18 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 20 wishful wishful JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 21 thinking thinking NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 23 Bouckaert Bouckaert NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 24 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 25 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 126 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 127 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 127 2 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 127 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 127 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 127 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 127 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 128 1 Jaakko Jaakko NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 128 2 Häkkisen Häkkisen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 128 3 puolikuiva puolikuiva NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 128 4 alkuperäsivusto alkuperäsivusto NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 128 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 129 1 Jaakko Jaakko NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 129 2 Häkkinen Häkkinen NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 129 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 130 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 130 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 130 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 130 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 130 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 2 Cavalli Cavalli NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 4 Sforza Sforza NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 6 Luigi Luigi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 7 Luca Luca NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 9 Menozzi Menozzi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 11 Paolo Paolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 13 Piazza Piazza NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 15 Alberto Alberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 17 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 21 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 23 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 25 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 26 Genes Genes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 28 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 30 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 31 Jersey Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 33 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 34 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 35 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 37 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 38   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 39 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 41 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 44 index index NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 46 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 48 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 50 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 52 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 54 08750 08750 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 56 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 57 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 58 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 59 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 61 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 62   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 63 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 131 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 4 Bryant Bryant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 9 206 206 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 132 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 6 Bryant Bryant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 7 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 11 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 133 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 2 Parpola Parpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 7 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 9 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 10 error error NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 12 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 13 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 15 CITEREFParpola2015 CITEREFParpola2015 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 17 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 20 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 21 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 22 Vinogradov Vinogradov NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 24 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 26 harvcoltxt harvcoltxt NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 27 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 29 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 30 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 32 CITEREFAnthonyVinogradov1995 CITEREFAnthonyVinogradov1995 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 34 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 37 Kuzmina Kuzmina NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 39 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 42 Klejn Klejn NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 44 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 48 Brentjes Brentjes NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 50 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 54 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 56 Bryant Bryant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 58 2001:206 2001:206 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 60 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 61 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 62 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 63 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 64 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 65 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 66 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 67 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 68 Beckwith Beckwith NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 70 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 73 Empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 76 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 77 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 79 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 80 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 81 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 83 p.30 p.30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 84 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 85 Burrow Burrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 86 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 134 87 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 4 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 6 Mair Mair NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 7 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 9 Bachenheimer Bachenheimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 11 Avi Avi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 13 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 14 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 15 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 135 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 2 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 4 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 6 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 8 Concordance Concordance NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 136 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 137 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 137 2 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 137 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 137 4 Sons Sons NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 137 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 138 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 138 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 138 3 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 138 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 139 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 139 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 139 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 139 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 139 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 2 Rigveda Rigveda NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 5 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 6 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 7 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 8 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 9 Apollonius Apollonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 11 Argonautica Argonautica NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 13 iii iii NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 15 envisaged envisage VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 17 Sauromatai Sauromatai NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 20 bitter bitter JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 21 foe foe NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 23 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 24 Aietes Aietes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 26 Colchis Colchis NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 28 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 29 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 140 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 2 Brzezinski Brzezinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 6 Mielczarek Mielczarek NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 8 Mariusz Mariusz NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 10 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 141 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 2 Sarmatians Sarmatians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 4 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 5 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 7 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 8 450 450 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 142 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 143 1 Osprey Osprey NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 143 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 143 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 144 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 144 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 144 3 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 144 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 4 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 8 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 9 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 12 Sarmatians Sarmatians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 13 merged merge VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 14 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 16 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 18 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 19 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 145 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 146 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 146 2 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 146 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 146 4 Douglas Douglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 146 5 Q. Q. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 147 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 147 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 147 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 147 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 148 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 148 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 148 3 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 148 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 148 5 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 148 6 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 148 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 149 1 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 149 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 149 3 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 149 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 150 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 150 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 150 3 523 523 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 150 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 6 Ukrainian ukrainian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 8 Polish polish JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 9 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 11 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 13 intermixed intermix VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 16 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 17 overlain overlain NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 19 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 20 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 23 Goths Goths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 27 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 28 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 30 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 32 Sarmatians Sarmatians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 34 Alans Alans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 38 shifting shift VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 39 array array NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 41 tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 43 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 44 configurations configuration NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 151 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 2 Atkinson Atkinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 4 Dorothy Dorothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 6 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 8 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 152 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 153 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 153 2 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 153 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 153 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 154 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 154 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 154 3 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 154 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 155 1 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 155 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 155 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 155 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 156 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 156 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 156 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 156 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 4 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 5 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 6 link link VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 8 Amazons Amazons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 11 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 14 Sarmatians Sarmatians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 17 successively successively RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 18 dominated dominate VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 20 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 22 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 25 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 26 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 27 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 30 seventh seventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 157 32 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 2 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 5 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 7 absorbed absorb VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 10 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 12 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 17 Russians Russians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 158 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 159 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 159 2 Slovene Slovene NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 159 3 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 159 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 160 1 9–11 9–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 160 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 161 1 Society society NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 161 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 161 3 Slovene Slovene NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 161 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 161 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 162 1 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 162 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 162 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 162 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 162 5 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 162 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 8 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 9 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 11 Sarmatians Sarmatians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 13 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 14 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 18 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 20 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 22 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 23 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 24 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 26 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 29 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 31 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 33 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 35 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 163 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 5 Gnoli Gnoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 7 Gherardo Gherardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 9 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 10 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 164 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 165 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 165 2 INDO INDO NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 165 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 165 4 IRANIAN IRANIAN NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 165 5 RELIGION religion NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 165 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 165 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 166 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 166 2 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 166 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 167 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 167 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 167 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 167 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 167 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 167 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 168 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 168 2 Witzel Witzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 168 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 168 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 168 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 168 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 168 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 168 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 169 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 169 2 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 169 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 169 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 169 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 169 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-5661 169 7 Mythologies Mythologies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 169 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 170 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 170 2 Witzel Witzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 170 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 170 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 170 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 170 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 170 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 170 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 1 Vala Vala NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 3 Iwato Iwato NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 6 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 9 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 10 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 12 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 14 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 17 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 19 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 171 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 2 http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/KalashaReligion.pdf http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/KalashaReligion.pdf NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 3 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 4 Lalueza Lalueza NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 6 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 8 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 10 Sampietro Sampietro NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 12 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 13 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 15 Gilbert Gilbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 17 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 18 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 20 Castri Castri NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 22 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 24 Facchini Facchini NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 26 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 28 Pettener Pettener NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 30 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 32 Bertranpetit Bertranpetit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 172 34 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 173 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 173 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 173 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 173 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 2 Unravelling unravel VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 3 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 6 steppe steppe NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 8 Mitochondrial mitochondrial NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 9 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 10 sequences sequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 12 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 13 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 14 Asians Asians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 174 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 175 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 175 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 176 1 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 176 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 176 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 177 1 271 271 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 177 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 177 3 1542 1542 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 177 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 177 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 177 6 941–947 941–947 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 177 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 178 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 178 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 178 3 rspb.2004.2698 rspb.2004.2698 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 178 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 179 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 179 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 179 3 1691686 1691686 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 179 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 180 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 180 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 180 3 15255049 15255049 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 180 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 1 Sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 3 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 5 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 6 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 12 Horse Horse NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 14 Wheel Wheel NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 15 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 16 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 181 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 1 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 2 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 4 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 5 Riders Riders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 6 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 8 Eurasian eurasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 9 Steppes Steppes NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 10 Shaped shape VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 12 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 13 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 15 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 18 Bryant Bryant NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 20 Edwin Edwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 22 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 26 Quest Quest NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 29 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 31 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 32 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 35 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 37 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 38 Migration Migration NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 39 Debate Debate NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 41 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 42 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 43 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 45 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 46   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 47 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 49 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 51 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 53 513777 513777 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 54 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 55 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 56 Burrow Burrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 58 T. t. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 60 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 63 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 64 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 65 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 66 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 67 Indoaryans Indoaryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 68 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 70 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 73 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 74 Asiatic Asiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 75 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 77 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 78 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 80 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 82 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 83 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 84 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 85 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 86 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 87 123–140 123–140 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 88 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 89 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 90 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 91 S0035869X00130837 s0035869x00130837 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 93 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 94   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 95 25203451 25203451 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 96 Diakonoff diakonoff NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 98 Igor Igor NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 99 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 100 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 101 Kuz'mina Kuz'mina NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 102 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 103 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 104 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 105 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 106 Ivantchik Ivantchik NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 107 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 108 Askold Askold NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 182 109 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 2 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 6 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 7 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 8 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 10 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 12 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 13 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 16 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 19 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 20 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 21 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 23 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 24 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 25 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 27 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 29 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 32 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 183 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 184 1 473–477 473–477 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 184 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 184 3 doi:10.2307/606224 doi:10.2307/606224 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 184 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 184 5 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 184 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 184 7 606224 606224 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 184 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 3 Bley Bley NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 7 Zdanovich Zdanovich NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 9 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 185 10 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 186 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 186 2 eds eds PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 186 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 3 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 4 Societies Societies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 6 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 7 Eurasia Eurasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 10 3rd 3rd NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 13 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 14 Millennium Millennium NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 17 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 18 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 20 JIES JIES NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 21 Monograph Monograph NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 22 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 23 Nos Nos NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 187 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 1 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 3 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 5 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 6 D.C. D.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 11 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 13 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 15 941694 941694 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 17 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 18 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 19 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 21 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 23 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 25 941694 941694 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 27 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 29 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 188 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 1 Kuz'mina Kuz'mina NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 3 Elena Elena NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 4 Efimovna Efimovna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 9 Откуда Откуда NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 10 пришли пришли NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 11 индоарии индоарии NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 189 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 2 Whence Whence NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 3 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 5 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 7 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 10 Moscow Moscow NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 12 Российская Российская NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 13 академия академия NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 14 наук наук NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 16 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 17 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 19 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 190 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 1 Kuz'mina Kuz'mina NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 3 Elena Elena NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 4 Efimovna Efimovna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 9 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 11 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 12 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 191 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 4 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 7 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 9 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 11 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 12 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 14 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 15 Etymological Etymological NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 16 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 17 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 19 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 21 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 22 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 24 J.P. J.P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 26 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 29 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 30 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 33 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 35 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 36 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 37 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 39 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 42 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 44 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 45 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 46 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 47 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 48 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 192 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 1 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 6 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 8 Douglas Douglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 193 9 Q. Q. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 6 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 8 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 9 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 12 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 14 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 16 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 17 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 19 Fitzroy Fitzroy NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 20 Dearborn Dearborn NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 194 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 1 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 6 Mair Mair NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 8 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 9 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 11 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 15 Tarim Tarim NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 16 Mummies Mummies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 18 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 19 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 22 Mystery mystery NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 25 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 26 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 29 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 31 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 33 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 34 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 35 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 195 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 1 Parpola Parpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 3 Asko Asko NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 10 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 13 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 14 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 16 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 18 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 22 Blench Blench NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 24 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 26 Spriggs Spriggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 28 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 30 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-5661 196 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 3 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 7 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 9 Artefacts artefact NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 11 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 15 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 17 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 18 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 20 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 197 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 1 Sulimirski Sulimirski NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 3 Tadeusz Tadeusz NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 5 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 8 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 10 Glyn Glyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 12 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 198 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 4 Sarmatians Sarmatians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 6 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 7 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 9 Places Places NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 11 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 12 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 13 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 15 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 17 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 19 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 21 02071-X 02071-x CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 22 Witzel Witzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 24 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 26 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 31 Home home NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 34 Aryans Aryans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 37 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 41 Hintze Hintze NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 43 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 45 Tichy Tichy NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 199 47 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 200 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 200 2 eds eds PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-5661 200 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 201 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 201 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 201 3 Anusantatyai Anusantatyai NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 201 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 202 1 Fs f NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 202 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 203 1 für für NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 203 2 Johanna Johanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 203 3 Narten Narten NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 203 4 zum zum VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 203 5 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 203 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 204 1 Geburtstag geburtstag NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 204 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 204 3 Dettelbach Dettelbach NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 204 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 204 5 J.H. J.H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 205 1 Roell Roell NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 205 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 205 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 205 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 206 1 283–338 283–338 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 206 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 1 Chopra Chopra NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 7 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 9 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 10 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 11 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 12 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 14 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 17 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 18 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 20 Kolkata Kolkata NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 22 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 207 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 208 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 208 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-5661 208 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 208 4 Vasil’ev Vasil’ev NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 208 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 208 6 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 1 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 3 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 5 Kuznetsov Kuznetsov NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 8 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 9 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 10 Semenova Semenova NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 209 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 2 Potapovo Potapovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 3 Burial Burial NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 4 Ground Ground NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 7 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 9 Iranic Iranic NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 10 Tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 13 Volga Volga NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 16 original:"Potapovskii original:"Potapovskii NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 17 kurgannyi kurgannyi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 18 mogil’nik mogil’nik PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 19 indoiranskikh indoiranskikh VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 20 plemen pleman NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 21 na na IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 22 Volge Volge NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 26 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 210 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 1 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 4 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 6 quotations quotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 7 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 10 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 12 Iranians iranians NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 14 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 17 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 18 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 19 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 20 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 21 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 23 Oric Oric NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 24 Basirov Basirov NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 26 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 29 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 32 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 34 Iranians Iranians NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 35 Elena Elena NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 36 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 37 Kuz'mina Kuz'mina NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 211 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 1 Edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 3 J.P. J.P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 4 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 8 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 11 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indo-Iranians&oldid=1001494352 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indo-Iranians&oldid=1001494352 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 13 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 15 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 17 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 18 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 19 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 20 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 22 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 23 Nomadic nomadic JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 24 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 26 Eurasia Eurasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 27 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 29 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 30 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 31 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 32 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 34 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 35 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 36 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 37 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 39 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 40 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 41 Harv Harv NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 43 Sfn Sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 44 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 46 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 47 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 48 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 49 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 50 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 51 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 52 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 53 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 54 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 55 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 56 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 57 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 58 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 59 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 60 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 61 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 62 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 63 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 64 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 65 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 66 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 67 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 68 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 69 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 70 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 71 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 72 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 73 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 74 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 75 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 76 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 77 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 78 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 79 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 80 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 81 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 82 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 83 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 84 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 85 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 86 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 87 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 88 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 89 : : : en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 90 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 91 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 92 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 93 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 94 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 95 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 96 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 97 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 98 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 99 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 100 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 101 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 102 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 103 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 104 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 105 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 106 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 107 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 108 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 109 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 110 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 111 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 112 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 113 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 114 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 115 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 116 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 117 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 118 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 119 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 120 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 121 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 122 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 123 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 124 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 125 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 126 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 127 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 128 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 129 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 130 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 131 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 132 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 133 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 134 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 135 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 136 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 137 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 138 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 139 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 140 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 141 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 142 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 143 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 144 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 145 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 146 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 147 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 148 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 149 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 150 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 151 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 152 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 153 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 154 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 155 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 156 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 157 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 158 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 159 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 160 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 161 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 162 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 163 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 164 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 165 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 166 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 167 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 168 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 169 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 170 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 171 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 172 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 173 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 174 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 175 العربية العربية NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 176 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 177 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 178 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 179 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 180 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 181 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 182 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 183 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 184 Malagasy Malagasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 185 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 186 नेपाली नेपाली NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 187 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 188 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 189 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 190 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 191 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 192 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 193 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 194 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 195 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 196 српскохрватски српскохрватски NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 197 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 198 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 199 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 200 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 201 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 202 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 203 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 204 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 205 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 206 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 207 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 208 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 209 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 210 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 211 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 212 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 213 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 214 23:12 23:12 CD en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 215   _SP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 216 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 217 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 218 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-5661 212 219 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-5661 213 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 214 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 215 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-5661 216 13 statement statement NN