id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 1 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 3 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 11       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 13 Redirected redirect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 17 Jump jump VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 19 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 20 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 22 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 23 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 24 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 26 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 28 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 29 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 2 2 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 2 3 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 2 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 2 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 2 6 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 2 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 3 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 3 2 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 3 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 3 4 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 3 5 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 3 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 3 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 6 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 8 disambiguation disambiguation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 4 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 1 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 2 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 4 ethnoreligious ethnoreligious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 5 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 8 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 10 יְהוּדִים‬ יְהוּדִים‬ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 12 Yehudim Yehudim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 15 Star Star NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 17 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 21 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 22 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 26 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 5 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 1 Total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 2 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 3 14.6–17.8 14.6–17.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 4 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 5 Enlarged enlarged JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 6 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 8 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 9 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 11 partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 13 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 16 20.7 20.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 17 million[1 million[1 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 20 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 22 est est NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 6 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 1 Regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 3 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 4 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 7 6,558,000–6,958,000[1 6,558,000–6,958,000[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 12 5,700,000–10,000,000[1 5,700,000–10,000,000[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 15 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 16 453,000–600,000[1 453,000–600,000[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 19 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 20 391,000–550,000[1 391,000–550,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 23 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 24 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 25 290,000–370,000[1 290,000–370,000[1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 28 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 29 180,000–330,000[1 180,000–330,000[1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 32 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 33 172,000–440,000[1 172,000–440,000[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 36 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 37 116,000–225,000[1 116,000–225,000[1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 40 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 41 113,000–140,000[1 113,000–140,000[1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 43   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 44 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 45 93,000–150,000[1 93,000–150,000[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 48 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 49 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 50 69,000–80,000[1 69,000–80,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 52   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 53 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 54 50,000–140,000[1 50,000–140,000[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 55 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 56   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 57 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 58 47,000–100,000[1 47,000–100,000[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 59 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 60   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 61 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 62 40,000–50,000[1 40,000–50,000[1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 63 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 64   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 65 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 66 30,000–52,000[1 30,000–52,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 67 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 68   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 69 Belgium Belgium NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 70 29,000–40,000[1 29,000–40,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 71 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 72   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 73 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 74 28,000–41,000[1 28,000–41,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 75 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 76       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 77 Switzerland Switzerland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 78 19,000–25,000[1 19,000–25,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 79 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 80   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 81 Chile Chile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 82 18,000–26,000[1 18,000–26,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 83 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 84   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 85 Uruguay uruguay JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 86 17,000–25,000[1 17,000–25,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 87 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 88   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 89 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 90 15,000–21,000[1 15,000–21,000[1 VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 91 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 92   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 93 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 94 15,000–25,000[1 15,000–25,000[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 95 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 96 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 97 Predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 98 spoken:[2 spoken:[2 VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 99 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 100 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 101 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 102 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 103 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 104 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 105 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 106 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 107 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 108 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 109 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 110 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 111 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 112 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 113 Sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 114 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 115 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 116 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 117 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 118 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 119 Talmudic Talmudic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 120 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 121 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 122 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 123 Related relate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 124 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 125 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 126 Samaritans[3][4][5 samaritans[3][4][5 VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 127 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 128 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 129 Levantines Levantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 130 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 131 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 132 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 133 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 134 as[4][6][7][8 as[4][6][7][8 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 135 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 136 Arabs[4][9 arabs[4][9 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 137 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 138 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 139 Assyrians[4][8][5 assyrians[4][8][5 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 140 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 141 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 142 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 143 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 144 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 145 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 7 146 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 1 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 2 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 3 rendering rendering JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 4 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 9 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 10 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 12 boxes box NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 16 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 17 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 19 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 20 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 8 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 8 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 9 Etymology Etymology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 10 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 13 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 9 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 1 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 2 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 4 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 9 Principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 11 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 12 Mitzvot mitzvot NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 15 613 613 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 17 Halakha Halakha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 18 Shabbat Shabbat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 19 Holidays Holidays NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 20 Prayer Prayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 21 Tzedakah Tzedakah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 22 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 25 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 26 Brit Brit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 27 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 30 Bat Bat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 31 Mitzvah Mitzvah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 32 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 33 Bereavement Bereavement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 34 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 35 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 36 Kabbalah Kabbalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 37 Customs Customs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 38 Synagogue Synagogue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 39 Rabbi Rabbi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 40 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 41 Tanakh Tanakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 42 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 43 Nevi'im Nevi'im NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 44 Ketuvim Ketuvim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 45 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 46 Mishnah Mishnah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 47 Gemara Gemara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 48 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 49 Midrash Midrash NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 50 Tosefta Tosefta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 51 Targum Targum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 52 Beit Beit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 53 Yosef Yosef NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 54 Mishneh Mishneh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 55 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 56 Tur Tur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 57 Shulchan Shulchan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 58 Aruch Aruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 59 Zohar Zohar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 60 Communities Communities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 61 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 62 Mizrahim Mizrahim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 63 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 64 Teimanim Teimanim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 65 Beta Beta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 66 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 67 Gruzinim Gruzinim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 68 Juhurim Juhurim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 69 Bukharim Bukharim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 70 Italkim Italkim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 71 Romanyotim Romanyotim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 72 Cochinim Cochinim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 73 Bene Bene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 74 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 75 Related Related NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 76 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 77 Bnei Bnei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 78 Anusim Anusim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 79 Lemba Lemba NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 80 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 81 Karaites Karaites NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 82 Krymchaks Krymchaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 83 Kaifeng Kaifeng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 84 Jews Jews NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 85 Igbo Igbo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 86 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 87 Samaritans Samaritans NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 88 Crypto Crypto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 89 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 90 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 91 Mosaic Mosaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 92 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 93 Subbotniks Subbotniks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 94 Noahides Noahides NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 95 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 96 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 97 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 98 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 99 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 100 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 101 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 102 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 103 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 104 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 105 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 106 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 107 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 108 Land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 109 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 110 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 111 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 112 Yishuv Yishuv NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 113 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 114 Yishuv Yishuv NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 115 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 116 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 117 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 118 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 119 Austria Austria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 120 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 121 Belarus Belarus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 122 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 123 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 124 Czech Czech NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 125 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 126 Estonia Estonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 127 Finland Finland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 128 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 129 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 130 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 131 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 132 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 133 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 134 Latvia Latvia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 135 Lithuania Lithuania NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 136 Moldova Moldova NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 137 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 138 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 139 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 140 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 141 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 142 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 143 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 144 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 145 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 146 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 147 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 148 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 149 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 150 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 151 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 152 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 153 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 154 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 155 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 156 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 157 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 158 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 159 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 160 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 161 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 162 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 163 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 164 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 165 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 166 Ethiopia Ethiopia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 167 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 168 Morocco Morocco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 169 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 170 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 171 Tunisia Tunisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 172 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 173 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 174 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 175 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 176 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 177 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 178 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 179 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 180 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 181 Caribbean Caribbean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 182 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 183 Bolivia Bolivia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 184 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 185 Chile Chile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 186 Colombia Colombia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 187 Cuba Cuba NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 188 Dominican Dominican NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 189 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 190 El El NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 191   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 192 Salvador Salvador NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 193 Guyana Guyana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 194 Haiti Haiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 195 Jamaica Jamaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 196 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 197 Paraguay Paraguay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 198 Puerto Puerto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 199 Rico Rico NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 200 Suriname Suriname NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 201 Uruguay Uruguay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 202 Venezuela Venezuela NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 203 Oceania Oceania NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 204 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 205 Fiji Fiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 206 Guam Guam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 207 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 208   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 209 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 210 Palau Palau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 211 Denominations Denominations NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 212 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 213 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 214 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 215 Hasidic Hasidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 216 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 217 Conservative Conservative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 218 Karaite Karaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 219 Reconstructionist Reconstructionist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 220 Renewal Renewal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 221 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 222 Haymanot Haymanot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 223 Messianic Messianic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 224 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 225 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 226 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 227 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 228 Dance Dance NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 229 Humour Humour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 230 Minyan Minyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 231 Wedding wed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 232 Clothing Clothing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 233 Niddah Niddah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 234 Pidyon Pidyon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 235 haben haben NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 236 Kashrut Kashrut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 237 Shidduch Shidduch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 238 Zeved Zeved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 239 habat habat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 240 Conversion Conversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 241   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 242 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 243 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 244 Hiloni Hiloni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 245 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 246 Religious Religious NNP 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Yeshivish Yeshivish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 267 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 268 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 269 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 270 Yevanic Yevanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 271 Juhuri Juhuri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 272 Shassi Shassi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 273 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 274 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 275 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 276 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 277 Ghardaïa Ghardaïa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 278 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 279 Bukharian bukharian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 280 Knaanic knaanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 281 Zarphatic zarphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 282 Italkian italkian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 283 Gruzinic Gruzinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 284 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 285 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 286 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 287 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 288 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 289 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 290 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 291 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 292 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 293 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 294 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 295 Malayalam Malayalam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 296 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 297 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 298 Name Name NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 299 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 300 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 301 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 302 Leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 303 Twelve Twelve NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 304 Tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 305 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 306 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 307 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 308 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 309 Kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 310   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 311 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 312 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 313 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 314   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 315 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 316 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 317 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 318 captivity captivity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 319 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 320 captivity captivity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 321 Yehud Yehud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 322 Medinata Medinata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 323 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 324 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 325 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 326   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 327 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 328 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 329   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 330 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 331 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 332 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 333 Hasmonean hasmonean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 334 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 335 Sanhedrin Sanhedrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 336 Schisms Schisms NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 337 Pharisees Pharisees NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 338 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 339 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 340 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 341 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 342 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 343 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 344 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 345 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 346 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 347 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 348 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 349 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 350 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 351 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 352 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 353   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 354 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 355 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 356 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 357   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 358 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 359 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 360 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 361 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 362 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 363 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 364 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 365 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 366 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 367 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 368 Sabbateans Sabbateans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 369 Hasidism Hasidism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 370 Haskalah Haskalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 371 Emancipation Emancipation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 372 Antisemitism Antisemitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 373 Anti Anti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 374 - - NNP 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Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 397 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 398 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 399 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 400 Agudath agudath VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 401 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 402 Anarchism Anarchism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 403 Bundism Bundism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 404 Feminism Feminism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 405 Leftism Leftism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 406 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 407 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 408 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 409 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 410 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 411 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 412 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 413 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 414 Revisionist Revisionist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 415 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 416 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 417 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 418 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 419 Portal Portal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 420 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 421 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 422 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 423 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 424 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 425 Hebrew Hebrew VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 426 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 427 יְהוּדִים‎ יְהוּדִים‎ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 428 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 429 259 259 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 430 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 431 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 432 Yehudim Yehudim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 433 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 434 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 435 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 436 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 437 jehuˈdim jehuˈdim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 438 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 439 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 440 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 441 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 442 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 443 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 444 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 445 ethnoreligious ethnoreligious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 446 group[10 group[10 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 447 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 448 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 449 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 450 nation[11][12 nation[11][12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 451 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 452 originating originate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 453 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 454 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 455 Israelites[13][14][15 Israelites[13][14][15 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 456 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 457 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 458 Hebrews[16][17 Hebrews[16][17 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 459 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 460 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 461 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 462 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 463 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 464 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 10 465 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 2 ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 4 nationhood nationhood NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 7 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 9 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 10 interrelated,[18][19 interrelated,[18][19 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 13 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 16 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 17 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 20 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 21 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 23 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 25 observance observance NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 26 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 28 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 29 observance observance NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 31 complete complete VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 32 nonobservance nonobservance NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 11 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 5 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 8 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 10 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 14 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 15 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 18 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 19 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 20 BCE,[9 BCE,[9 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 24 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 27 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 28 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 31 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 33 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 12 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 2 21 21 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 5 Merneptah Merneptah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 6 Stele Stele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 7 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 9 confirm confirm VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 11 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 14 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 16 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 17 somewhere somewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 19 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 21 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 22 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 25 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 27 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 29 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 30 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 31 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 13 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 2 22][23 22][23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 5 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 9 outgrowth outgrowth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 12 Canaanite Canaanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 13 population,[24 population,[24 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 15 consolidated consolidate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 17 hold hold NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 20 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 23 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 25 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 27 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 14 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 2 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 5 Canaanite canaanite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 6 sedentary sedentary NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 7 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 8 melded meld VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 10 incoming incoming JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 11 nomadic nomadic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 12 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 15 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 16 Hebrews Hebrews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 17 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 15 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 4 Though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 5 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 6 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 7 mention mention VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 9 exilic exilic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 10 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 12 detail,[26][failed detail,[26][failed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 13 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 16 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 18 diaspora diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 19 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 23 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 24 captivity captivity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 26 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 30 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 32 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 36 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 37 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 38 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 39 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 41 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 42 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 43 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 45 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 47 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 48 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 50 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 51 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 53 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 55 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 16 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 6 millennia millennia NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 7 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 10 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 11 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 12 coalesced coalesce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 14 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 15 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 16 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 17 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 19 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 21 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 22 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 26 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 28 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 32 furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 34 Mizrahim Mizrahim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 36 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 37 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 39 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 40 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 41 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 42 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 44 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 45 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 46 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 48 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 49 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 50 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 17 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 4 Prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 7 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 11 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 13 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 14 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 16 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 18 16.7 16.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 20 million,[29 million,[29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 22 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 23 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 24 0.7 0.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 26 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 29 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 30 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 31 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 32 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 33 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 18 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 1 Approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 4 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 7 systematically systematically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 8 murdered murder VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 11 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 19 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 2 30][31 30][31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 7 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 9 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 10 risen rise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 11 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 16 2018[update 2018[update NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 19 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 21 14.6–17.8 14.6–17.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 23 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 26 Berman Berman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 27 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 28 DataBank,[1 DataBank,[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 30 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 32 0.2 0.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 34 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 37 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 38 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 39 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 20 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 2 32][note 32][note CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 6 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 7 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 12 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 13 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 14 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 16 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 18 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 21 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 21 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 2 defines define VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 3 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 8 democratic democratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 9 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 12 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 13 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 15 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 16 Dignity Dignity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 18 Liberty Liberty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 20 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 24 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 27 Declaration Declaration NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 29 Independence Independence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 22 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 1 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 5 Return Return NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 6 grants grant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 8 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 10 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 15 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 17 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 19 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 21 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 23 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 6 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 7 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 10 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 12 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 16 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 17 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 19 contributed contribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 21 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 22 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 25 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 27 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 28 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 31 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 32 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 34 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 35 philosophy,[35 philosophy,[35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 37 ethics,[36 ethics,[36 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 39 literature,[37 literature,[37 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 40 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 41 politics,[37 politics,[37 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 43 business,[37 business,[37 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 44 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 45 fine fine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 46 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 48 architecture,[37 architecture,[37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 50 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 52 theatre[38 theatre[38 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 55 cinema cinema NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 57 medicine,[39][40 medicine,[39][40 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 58 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 60 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 62 technology,[37 technology,[37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 63 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 64 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 65 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 66 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 67 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 68 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 69 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 70 authored author VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 72 Bible,[41][42 bible,[41][42 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 73 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 74 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 75 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 76 Christianity[43 Christianity[43 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 77 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 79 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 80 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 81 profound profound JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 82 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 83 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 84 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 24 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 7 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 9 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 10 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 13 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 15 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 16 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 25 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 2 45][46 45][46 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 4 Contents Contents NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 6 Name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 8 etymology etymology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 10 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 13 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 26 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 2 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 5 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 6 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 9 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 10 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 11 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 12 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 13 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 14 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 15 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 16 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 17 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 18 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 19 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 20 Leadership leadership NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 21 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 22 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 24 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 26 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 27 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 28 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 29 Demographics demographic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 30 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 31 Ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 32 divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 33 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 34 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 35 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 36 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 37 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 38 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 39 6.3.1 6.3.1 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 40 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 41 6.3.2 6.3.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 42 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 44 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 45 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 47 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 48 Demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 49 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 50 6.4.1 6.4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 51 Assimilation Assimilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 52 6.4.2 6.4.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 53 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 55 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 56 6.4.3 6.4.3 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 57 Migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 58 6.4.4 6.4.4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 59 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 60 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 61 Contributions Contributions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 62 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 63 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 64 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 65 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 66 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 67 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 68 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 69 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 70 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 71 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 72 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 73 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 74 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 75 Name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 76 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 77 etymology etymology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 78 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 79 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 80 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 81 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 82 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 83 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 84 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 85 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 86 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 87 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 88 comprehensive comprehensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 89 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 91 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 92 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 93 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 94 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 95 ethnonyms ethnonyms NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 27 96 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 3 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 5 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 7 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 8 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 10 Gyw Gyw NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 12 Iewe Iewe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 28 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 2 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 4 loaned loan VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 5 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 7 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 8 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 9 giu giu NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 12 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 13 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 16 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 17 juieu juieu NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 21 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 22 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 24 judieu judieu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 25 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 26 iudieu iudieu NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 28 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 29 elision elision NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 30 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 31 dropped drop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 33 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 35 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 39 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 40 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 41 Iudaeus Iudaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 43 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 45 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 47 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 48 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 49 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 50 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 51 Ioudaios Ioudaios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 53 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 54 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 56 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 59 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 60 Judean Judean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 61 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 62 / / , en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 65 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 66 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 29 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 5 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 6 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 9 loan loan NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 12 Y'hūdāi Y'hūdāi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 14 corresponding correspond VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 16 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 17 יְהוּדִי יְהוּדִי VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 18 Yehudi Yehudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 20 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 22 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 25 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 28 tribe tribe NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 30 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 33 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 36 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 38 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 30 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 4 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 5 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 8 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 10 both both PDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 12 tribe tribe NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 14 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 15 derive derive VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 17 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 20 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 21 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 23 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 31 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 4 Genesis Genesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 5 29:35 29:35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 7 49:8 49:8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 8 connect connect VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 10 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 12 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 16 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 17 yada yada NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 19 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 21 praise praise NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 25 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 26 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 27 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 30 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 32 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 34 patriarch patriarch NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 37 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 38 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 39 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 41 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 42 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 43 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 44 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 45 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 48 gorges gorge NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 50 ravines ravine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 53 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 32 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 5 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 6 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 9 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 12 יְהוּדִי‎ יְהוּדִי‎ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 13 Yehudi Yehudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 17 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 18 יְהוּדִים‎ יְהוּדִים‎ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 19 Yehudim Yehudim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 33 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 4 Endonyms endonyms NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 8 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 9 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 11 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 12 ג׳ודיו‎ ג׳ודיו‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 13 Djudio Djudio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 15 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 16 ג׳ודיוס‎ ג׳ודיוס‎ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 18 Djudios Djudios NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 22 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 23 ייִד‎ ייִד‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 24 Yid Yid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 26 plural plural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 27 ייִדן‎ ייִדן‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 28 Yidn Yidn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 34 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 2 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 3 equivalent equivalent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 8 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 9 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 11 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 13 يَهُودِيّ يَهُودِيّ XX en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 14 yahūdī yahūdī NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 16 sg sg UH en-wikipedia-org-3049 35 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 36 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 36 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 36 3 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 36 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 36 5 yahūd yahūd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 36 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 36 7 pl pl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 36 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 4 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 7 Jude Jude NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 10 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 13 judeu judeu JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 16 Portuguese Portuguese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 19 Juif Juif NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 22 m.)/"Juive m.)/"Juive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 25 f. f. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 28 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 31 jøde jøde FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 34 Danish Danish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 36 Norwegian Norwegian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 39 judío judío NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 40 / / , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 44 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 47 jood jood NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 50 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 52 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 53 żyd żyd CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 56 Polish polish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 57 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 60 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 61 derivations derivation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 64 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 65 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 66 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 67 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 68 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 69 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 70 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 71 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 72 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 73 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 74 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 75 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 77 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 79 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 80 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 81 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 82 Ebreo Ebreo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 85 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 86 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 88 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 89 Ebri Ebri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 90 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 91 Ebrani Ebrani NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 92 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 93 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 94 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 95 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 96 عبری عبری NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 97 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 98 عبرانی‎ عبرانی‎ ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 100 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 101 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 102 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 103 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 104 Еврей Еврей NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 106 Yevrey Yevrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 107 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 37 108 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 5 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 6 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 8 Jude Jude NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 11 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 13 ˈjuːdə ˈjuːdə NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 17 corresponding corresponding JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 18 adjective adjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 20 jüdisch jüdisch NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 22 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 23 ˈjyːdɪʃ ˈjyːdɪʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 26 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 30 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 33 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 35 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 38 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 7 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 8 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 9 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 13 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 15 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 16 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 18 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 21 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 23 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 24 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 27 attributive attributive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 28 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 31 noun noun JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 32 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 35 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 36 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 38 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 39 lawyer lawyer NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 41 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 42 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 44 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 45 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 46 vulgar vulgar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 48 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 49 offensive offensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 39 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 3 contexts contexts JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 7 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 8 acceptable acceptable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 9 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 40 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 2 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 4 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 7 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 8 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 9 wary wary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 12 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 16 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 18 stigma stigma NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 20 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 21 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 23 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 26 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 29 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 31 carries carry VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 32 risks risk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 34 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 35 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 41 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 3 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 6 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 8 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 9 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 13 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 17 unobjectionable unobjectionable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 20 substitution substitution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 23 circumlocution circumlocution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 24 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 26 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 28 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 30 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 31 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 32 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 34 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 35 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 36 offense offense NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 38 seeming seem VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 40 imply imply VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 41 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 42 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 43 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 45 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 46 connotation connotation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 47 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 48 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 51 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 42 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 43 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 43 4 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 43 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 43 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 43 7 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 43 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 44 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 44 2 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 44 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 44 4 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 44 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 44 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 44 7 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 44 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 1 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 3 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 4 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 6 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 7 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 8 shares share VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 12 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 15 nation,[11][54][12][55][56][57 nation,[11][54][12][55][56][57 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 18 ethnicity,[10 ethnicity,[10 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 21 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 25 culture,[58][59][60 culture,[58][59][60 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 27 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 29 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 31 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 34 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 35 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 36 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 37 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 39 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 41 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 43 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 44 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 46 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 47 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 48 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 45 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 2 61][62 61][62 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 4 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 7 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 8 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 9 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 11 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 12 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 13 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 15 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 18 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 21 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 22 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 23 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 25 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 29 follow follow VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 31 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 33 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 34 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 35 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 36 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 37 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 38 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 39 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 41 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 43 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 44 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 45 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 46 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 47 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 48 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 49 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 50 strictly strictly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 51 matrilineal matrilineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 52 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 56 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 57 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 58 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 59 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 60 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 61 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 62 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 63 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 64 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 65 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 66 formally formally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 67 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 68 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 69 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 71 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 72 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 73 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 76 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 46 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 4 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 5 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 8 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 10 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 12 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 14 halakhic halakhic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 15 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 17 matrilineal matrilineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 18 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 21 halakhic halakhic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 22 conversions conversion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 47 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 2 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 7 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 8 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 9 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 12 codification codification NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 15 Oral Oral NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 16 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 19 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 20 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 22 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 23 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 24 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 48 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 1 Interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 3 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 6 Tanakh Tanakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 10 Deuteronomy Deuteronomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 11 7:1–5 7:1–5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 14 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 15 sages sage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 21 warning warning NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 22 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 23 intermarriage intermarriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 24 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 27 Canaanites Canaanites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 28 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 32 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 33 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 34 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 35 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 37 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 38 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 39 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 40 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 42 turn turn VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 43 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 44 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 45 Me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 47 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 48 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 49 worship worship VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 51 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 53 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 49 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 3 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 5 Leviticus Leviticus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 6 24:10 24:10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 7 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 10 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 13 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 16 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 17 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 20 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 21 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 26 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 28 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 50 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 3 complemented complement VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 5 Ezra Ezra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 6 10:2–3 10:2–3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 8 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 9 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 10 returning return VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 12 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 13 vow vow NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 15 put put VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 16 aside aside RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 18 gentile gentile JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 19 wives wife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 22 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 51 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 2 64][65 64][65 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 10 rape rape NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 13 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 15 captivity captivity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 16 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 17 about about RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 19 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 21 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 22 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 24 inherited inherit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 25 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 27 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 28 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 30 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 31 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 32 challenge challenge VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 34 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 35 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 37 Talmudic talmudic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 38 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 41 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 42 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 44 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 45 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 46 exile exile JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 47 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 52 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 5 argument argument NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 9 rabbis rabbis NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 10 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 14 patrilineal patrilineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 15 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 17 matrilineal matrilineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 18 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 19 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 22 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 23 rape rape NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 26 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 28 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 29 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 53 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 6 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 8 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 9 Haskalah Haskalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 10 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 13 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 14 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 16 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 17 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 19 halakhic halakhic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 20 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 23 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 26 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 54 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 6 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 7 Shaye Shaye NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 8 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 9 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 10 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 13 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 16 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 18 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 19 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 21 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 22 patrilineally patrilineally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 25 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 55 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 2 brings bring VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 3 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 4 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 5 explanations explanation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 8 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 10 Mishnaic Mishnaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 11 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 13 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 16 Mishnah Mishnah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 17 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 18 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 20 applying apply VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 22 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 23 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 25 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 26 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 30 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 32 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 33 mixtures mixture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 35 Kil'ayim Kil'ayim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 56 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 4 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 5 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 7 forbidden forbid VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 11 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 14 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 17 donkey donkey NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 21 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 22 unions union NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 24 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 26 judged judge VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 27 matrilineally matrilineally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 57 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 4 Second second RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 7 Tannaim Tannaim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 11 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 17 dictated dictate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 19 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 21 parent parent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 22 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 24 contract contract VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 26 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 27 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 29 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 30 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 31 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 33 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 58 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 4 Rabbi Rabbi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 5 Rivon Rivon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 6 Krygier Krygier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 7 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 9 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 10 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 12 arguing argue VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 14 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 15 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 17 formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 18 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 19 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 21 patrineal patrineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 22 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 25 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 27 matrilineal matrilineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 28 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 31 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 34 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 35 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 36 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 59 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 4 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 5 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 6 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 8 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 10 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 12 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 14 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 17 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 19 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 20 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 22 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 23 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 24 depiction depiction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 27 visit visit NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 29 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 30 Asiatics Asiatics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 32 colorful colorful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 33 garments garment NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 35 labeled label VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 37 Aamu Aamu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 60 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 2 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 6 tomb tomb NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 9 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 10 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 11 official official NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 12 Khnumhotep Khnumhotep NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 13 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 15 Beni Beni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 16 Hasan Hasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 19 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 21 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 22 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 23 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 61 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 2 nearest near JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 3 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 4 contemporaries contemporary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 7 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 9 Hebrews Hebrews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 13 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 15 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 62 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 2 70][71][72][73 70][71][72][73 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 4 Depiction Depiction NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 6 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 7 Jehu Jehu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 9 tenth tenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 10 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 13 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 14 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 16 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 20 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 21 Obelisk Obelisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 23 Shalmaneser Shalmaneser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 24 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 26 841–840 841–840 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 27 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 63 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 8 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 9 portrayal portrayal NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 10 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 13 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 14 Near near IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 15 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 16 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 19 Israelite israelite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 21 Judaean judaean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 22 monarch monarch NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 64 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 5 factual factual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 6 reconstruction reconstruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 9 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 15 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 17 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 18 endeavor endeavor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 65 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 2 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 3 examining examine VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 4 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 5 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 6 3,000 3,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 7 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 9 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 10 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 11 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 12 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 13 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 15 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 16 quantities quantity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 18 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 19 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 20 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 21 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 22 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 23 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 24 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 25 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 26 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 66 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 67 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 67 2 archaeological archaeological 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JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 19 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 24 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 25 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 27 mythology mythology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 68 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 2 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 3 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 5 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 7 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 8 trace trace VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 10 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 13 confederation confederation NN 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en-wikipedia-org-3049 69 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 7 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 11 descended descend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 14 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 15 Israelite Israelite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 16 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 18 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 70 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 2 77][78][79][80][81][82 77][78][79][80][81][82 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 7 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 8 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 9 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 12 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 14 traced trace VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 15 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 18 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 19 patriarchs patriarch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 22 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 24 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 25 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 26 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 28 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 30 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 31 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 35 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 36 matriarchs matriarchs NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 37 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 39 Rebecca Rebecca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 41 Leah Leah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 44 Rachel Rachel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 46 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 47 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 49 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 71 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 2 Twelve twelve CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 3 Tribes Tribes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 5 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 7 descending descend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 10 twelve twelve CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 11 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 13 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 72 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 1 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 4 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 5 migrated migrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 7 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 10 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 11 invited invite VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 13 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 15 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 17 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 18 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 21 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 22 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 73 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 2 patriarchs patriarch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 3 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 4 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 6 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 7 enslaved enslave VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 8 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 10 Exodus Exodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 11 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 13 Moses Moses NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 15 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 18 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 19 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 20 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 21 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 22 Moses Moses NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 23 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 24 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 25 Joshua Joshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 27 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 28 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 30 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 33 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 34 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 35 after after IN 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en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 61 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 62 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 64 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 65 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 67 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 68 Monarchy Monarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 69 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 71 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 72 split split VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 73 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 74 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 75 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 76 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 78 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 80 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 81 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 82 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 83 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 74 84 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 4 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 6 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 8 comprising comprise VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 10 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 12 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 15 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 17 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 19 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 21 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 75 23 Levi Levi NNP 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NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 9 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 10 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 11 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 13 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 14 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 15 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 17 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 18 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 19 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 20 captivity captivity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 76 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 5 archaeology archaeology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 7 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 8 discarded discard VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 77 9 the the DT 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en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 4 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 5 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 7 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 11 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 12 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 14 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 16 overtake overtake VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 18 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 20 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 23 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 24 branched branch VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 25 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 28 Canaanite canaanite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 29 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 31 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 32 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 34 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 37 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 38 monolatristic monolatristic NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 39 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 41 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 42 monotheistic monotheistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 43 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 44 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 45 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 46 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 47 Yahweh Yahweh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 78 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 4 Yahweh yahweh NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 6 centric centric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 7 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 9 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 12 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 14 cultic cultic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 15 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 17 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 18 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 19 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 22 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 23 Israelite israelite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 24 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 79 25 group group NN 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en-wikipedia-org-3049 80 16 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 80 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 80 18 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 80 19 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 80 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 7 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 8 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 10 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 11 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 15 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 16 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 17 occurred[91][92][93][94][95 occurred[91][92][93][94][95 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 19 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 20 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 21 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 23 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 25 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 26 Monarchy Monarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 81 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 2 96][97][98][99 96][97][98][99 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 6 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 7 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 8 archeological archeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 9 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 10 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 13 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 17 Merneptah Merneptah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 18 Stele Stele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 21 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 24 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 25 BCE,[22][23 BCE,[22][23 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 29 Canaanites Canaanites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 31 archeologically archeologically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 32 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 35 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 36 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 37 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 82 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 1 [ [ -LRB- 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 35 900 900 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 36 BCE[97]:169–95[98][99 BCE[97]:169–95[98][99 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 39 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 41 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 43 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 44 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 45 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 46 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 47 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 48 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 83 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 2 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 6 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 7 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 10 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 12 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 14 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 15 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 16 720 720 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 17 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 19 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 84 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" `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 18 Judean Judean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 21 denoted denote VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 22 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 25 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 26 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 28 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 85 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 2 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 5 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 7 ethnonym ethnonym NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 10 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 17 inhabitant inhabitant NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 19 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 22 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 24 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 27 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 30 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 31 explicit explicit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 34 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 36 Esther Esther NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 38 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 39 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 40 BCE),[104 BCE),[104 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 43 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 46 Ketuvim Ketuvim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 49 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 50 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 53 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 54 Tanakh Tanakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 86 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 87 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 87 2 587 587 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 87 3 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 87 4 Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 87 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 87 6 , , , 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87 30 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 87 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 2 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 4 Tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 8 Tribes Tribes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 9 Reuben reuben VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 10 Simeon Simeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 11 Levi Levi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 12 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 13 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 14 Naphtali Naphtali NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 15 Gad Gad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 16 Asher Asher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 17 Issachar Issachar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 18 Zebulun Zebulun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 19 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 20 Manasseh Manasseh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 21 Ephraim Ephraim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 22 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 23 Related Related NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 24 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 25 Leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 26 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 27 Ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 28 Lost lost JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 29 Tribes Tribes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 30 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 31 Samaritans Samaritans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 32 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 33 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 34 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 35 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 38 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 40 Ezra Ezra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 43 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 44 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 88 45 the the DT 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in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 89 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 89 58 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 89 59 521–516 521–516 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 89 60 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 89 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 2 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 5 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 6 Cylinder Cylinder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 9 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 10 tablet tablet NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 14 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 16 declaration declaration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 19 name name NN 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en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 44 biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 45 decrees decree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 46 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 48 Cyrus,[108 Cyrus,[108 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 50 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 51 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 52 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 53 point point VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 54 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 55 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 57 cylinder cylinder NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 58 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 59 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 60 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 61 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 62 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 63 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 65 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 67 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 68 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 69 mention mention NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 71 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 72 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 73 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 90 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 2 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 4 Professor Professor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 5 Lester Lester NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 6 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 7 Grabbe Grabbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 8 asserted assert VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 12 alleged alleged JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 13 decree decree NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 15 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 17 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 18 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 24 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 25 authentic authentic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 30 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 34 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 35 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 37 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 38 deportees deportee NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 40 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 43 re re VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 44 - - VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 45 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 46 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 47 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 91 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 3 stated state VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 5 archaeology archaeology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 6 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 9 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 13 trickle trickle NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 15 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 16 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 18 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 20 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 23 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 24 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 92 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 5 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 8 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 12 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 13 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 15 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 18 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 20 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 22 Yehud Yehud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 23 Medinata)[110 Medinata)[110 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 26 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 27 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 29 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 31 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 32 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 93 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 5 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 8 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 10 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 11 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 13 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 16 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 18 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 19 surveys survey NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 20 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 24 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 25 30,000 30,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 26 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 29 5th 5th NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 31 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 32 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 33 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 94 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 2 97]:308 97]:308 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 4 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 7 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 10 Achaemenids Achaemenids NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 11 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 13 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 16 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 18 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 19 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 20 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 22 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 24 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 95 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 1 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 4 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 5 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 8 Hasmonean hasmonean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 9 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 10 spanning span VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 12 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 14 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 15 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 19 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 20 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 22 Herodian herodian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 23 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 25 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 26 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 28 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 29 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 96 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 2 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 6 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 9 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 10 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 12 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 13 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 18 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 20 diaspora diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 97 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 2 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 4 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 8 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 10 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 12 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 13 bear bear VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 15 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 16 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 17 heritage heritage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 19 originates originate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 22 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 23 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 28 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 29 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 30 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 31 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 33 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 34 Gentile Gentile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 35 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 38 Fertile Fertile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 39 Crescent Crescent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 98 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 2 113][114][115 113][114][115 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 5 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 6 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 8 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 11 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 14 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 16 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 17 gene gene NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 18 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 19 dating date VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 20 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 21 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 22 millennia millennium NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 26 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 29 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 30 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 31 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 99 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 2 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 6 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 9 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 12 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 13 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 15 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 16 commonalities commonality NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 18 propensities propensity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 21 sensibilities sensibility NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 23 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 25 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 28 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 100 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 2 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 4 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 7 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 8 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 18 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 20 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 23 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 24 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 26 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 27 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 28 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 31 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 32 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 101 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 2 118]:69 118]:69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 3 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 5 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 7 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 9 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 11 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 12 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 13 looked look VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 15 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 18 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 21 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 102 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 1 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 2 separated separate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 3 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 5 linguistically linguistically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 6 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 9 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 10 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 12 sphere sphere NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 103 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 2 119]:8–11 119]:8–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 4 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 6 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 9 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 10 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 12 distinctively distinctively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 13 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 104 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 2 119]:11–13 119]:11–13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 3 Hellenized Hellenized NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 4 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 5 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 6 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 7 yeshivas yeshiva NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 9 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 11 Oral Oral NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 12 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 105 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 106 1 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 106 2 Judaism Judaism NNP 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Hellenized Hellenized NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 4 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 5 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 6 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 9 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 10 assimilated assimilate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 12 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 15 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 17 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 19 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 20 Rabbinic rabbinic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 21 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 22 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 24 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 25 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 27 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 29 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 107 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 2 119]:14–16 119]:14–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 3 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 10 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 12 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 18 exiled exile VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 19 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 21 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 22 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 24 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 26 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 28 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 29 Kokhba Kokhba NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 30 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 32 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 33 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 35 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 36 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 38 speedily speedily JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 39 growing[120 growing[120 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 40 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 41 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 43 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 44 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 45 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 46 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 47 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 49 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 50 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 52 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 53 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 54 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 55 million[121 million[121 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 56 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 57 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 59 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 60 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 61 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 63 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 64 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 66 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 67 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 68 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 69 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 71 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 72 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 74 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 75 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 76 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 78 Land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 80 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 82 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 83 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 84 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 85 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 86 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 87 sixth sixth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 89 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 90 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 91 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 92 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 93 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 94 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 95 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 108 96 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 2 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 5 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 8 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 9 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 10 Hebraeus Hebraeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 11 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 13 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 15 6,944,000 6,944,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 20 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 22 Salo Salo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 23 Wittmayer Wittmayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 24 Baron Baron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 25 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 27 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 28 convincing convincing NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 109 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 5 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 7 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 8 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 9 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 12 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 13 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 16 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 19 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 23 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 24 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 25 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 27 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 29 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 30 Feldman Feldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 110 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 3 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 4 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 5 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 6 accept accept VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 8 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 9 Hebraeus Hebraeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 10 based base VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 12 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 15 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 17 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 19 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 22 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 24 6,944,000 6,944,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 25 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 26 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 28 Eusebius Eusebius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 29 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 30 Chronicon Chronicon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 111 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 2 123][124 123][124 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 4 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 5 Feldman Feldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 7 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 9 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 10 supporter supporter NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 13 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 15 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 16 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 20 Baron Baron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 22 mistaken mistaken JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 112 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 2 125]:185 125]:185 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 3 Feldman Feldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 5 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 7 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 9 missionizing missionizing NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 12 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 113 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 2 viewing view VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 3 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 4 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 7 receptive receptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 9 converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 11 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 14 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 16 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 21 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 23 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 24 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 27 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 29 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 30 missionizing missionize VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 31 tracts tract NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 33 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 36 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 38 rabbis rabbis NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 39 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 40 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 41 converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 43 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 44 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 46 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 48 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 49 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 50 missionizing missionizing NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 114 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 2 125]:205–06 125]:205–06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 3 Feldman Feldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 4 maintains maintain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 5 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 6 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 8 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 10 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 16 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 17 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 18 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 20 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 22 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 26 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 115 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 2 125]:183–203 125]:183–203 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 4 206 206 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 5 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 6 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 7 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 9 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 13 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 15 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 17 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 19 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 21 account account VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 23 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 26 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 27 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 28 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 30 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 32 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 33 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 34 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 37 illegality illegality NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 39 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 40 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 42 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 45 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 46 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 47 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 49 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 50 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 51 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 52 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 116 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 2 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 4 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 5 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 6 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 10 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 13 halakhic halakhic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 14 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 16 circumcision circumcision NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 19 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 21 proselytizing proselytize VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 22 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 23 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 24 dropped drop VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 117 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 2 Fiscus Fiscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 3 Judaicus Judaicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 6 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 7 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 11 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 12 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 14 relaxed relaxed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 16 exclude exclude VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 17 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 19 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 20 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 23 limited limit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 24 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 26 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 118 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 2 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 4 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 5 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 6 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 15 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 17 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 18 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 21 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 22 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 24 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 28 Sephardi Sephardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 30 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 33 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 34 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 119 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 1 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 2       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 3 + + CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 4 1,000,000 1,000,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 5       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 6 + + SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 7 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 8       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 9 + + SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 10 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 11 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 14 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 16 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 19 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 21 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 23 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 24 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 26 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 28 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 30 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 32 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 34 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 36 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 38 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 39 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 40 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 41 immigrated immigrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 42 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 43 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 44 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 45 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 120 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 4 immigrated immigrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 6 Iberia Iberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 8 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 9 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 10 comprise comprise VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 12 Sephardic Sephardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 18 immigrated immigrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 21 Rhineland Rhineland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 23 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 24 comprise comprise VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 26 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 121 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 2 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 3 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 8 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 10 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 13 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 15 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 17 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 22 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 23 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 24 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 26 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 28 comprise comprise VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 30 Mizrachi Mizrachi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 31 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 122 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 2 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 5 Francia Francia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 8 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 9 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 10 Judaeus Judaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 12 Armentarius Armentarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 13 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 14 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 15 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 18 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 21 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 24 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 26 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 29 persecuted persecute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 31 Visigoth Visigoth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 32 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 123 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 2 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 6 7th 7th NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 8 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 9 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 11 Pumbedita Pumbedita NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 13 Sura Sura NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 14 academies academy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 15 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 17 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 21 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 23 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 124 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 2 deans dean NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 4 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 6 said said JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 7 academies academy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 8 defined define VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 10 Geonic geonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 14 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 125 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 2 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 9 Rishonim Rishonim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 11 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 14 11th 11th NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 16 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 17 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 22 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 23 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 26 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 28 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 29 experiencing experience VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 30 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 31 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 33 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 35 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 37 Rhineland Rhineland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 40 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 42 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 43 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 45 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 47 Lithuania Lithuania NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 126 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 2 Sephardic Sephardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 4 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 6 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 7 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 9 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 10 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 12 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 13 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 15 Reconquista Reconquista NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 17 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 18 Alhambra Alhambra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 19 decree decree NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 21 1492 1492 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 23 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 26 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 27 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 28 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 29 immigrated immigrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 31 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 32 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 35 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 36 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 127 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 4 choose choose VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 6 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 8 pretended pretend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 10 practice practice VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 11 Catholicism catholicism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 128 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 3 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 4 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 6 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 8 Crypto Crypto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 10 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 129 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 2 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 4 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 5 This This NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 6 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 7 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 8 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 130 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 131 1 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 131 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 131 3 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 131 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 131 5 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 131 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 131 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 131 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 5 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 10 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 11 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 12 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 13 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 15 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 16 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 19 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 21 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 22           _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 23 Movements Movements NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 24 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 25 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 26 Hasidic Hasidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 27 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 28 Conservative Conservative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 29 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 30 Karaite Karaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 31 Reconstructionist Reconstructionist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 32 Renewal Renewal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 33 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 34 Haymanot Haymanot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 35 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 36 Principles Principles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 38 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 39 Kabbalah Kabbalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 40 Messiah Messiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 41 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 42 Chosenness Chosenness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 43 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 44 Names Names NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 45 Musar Musar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 46 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 47 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 48 Tanakh Tanakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 49 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 50 Nevi'im Nevi'im NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 51 Ketuvim Ketuvim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 52 Ḥumash Ḥumash NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 53 Siddur Siddur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 54 Piyutim Piyutim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 55 Zohar Zohar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 56 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 57 Mishnah Mishnah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 58 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 59 Midrash Midrash NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 60 Tosefta Tosefta NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 61 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 62 Mishneh Mishneh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 63 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 64 Tur Tur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 65 Shulchan Shulchan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 66 Aruch Aruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 67 Mishnah Mishnah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 68 Berurah Berurah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 69 Aruch Aruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 70 HaShulchan HaShulchan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 71 Kashrut Kashrut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 72 Tzniut Tzniut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 73 Tzedakah Tzedakah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 74 Niddah Niddah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 75 Noahide Noahide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 76 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 77 Holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 78 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 79   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 80 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 81 places place VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 82 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 83 Safed Safed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 84 Hebron Hebron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 85 Tiberias Tiberias NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 86 Synagogue Synagogue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 87 Beth Beth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 88 midrash midrash NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 89 Mikveh Mikveh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 90 Sukkah Sukkah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 91 Chevra Chevra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 92 kadisha kadisha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 93 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 94 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 95 Tabernacle Tabernacle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 96 Important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 97 figures figure VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 98 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 99 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 100 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 101 Moses Moses NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 102 Aaron Aaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 103 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 104 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 105 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 106 Rebecca Rebecca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 107 Rachel Rachel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 108 Leah Leah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 109 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 110 sages sag VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 111 Chazal Chazal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 112 Tannaim Tannaim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 113 Amoraim Amoraim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 114 Savoraim Savoraim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 115 Geonim Geonim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 116 Rishonim Rishonim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 117 Acharonim Acharonim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 118 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 119 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 120 Rabbi Rabbi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 121 Rebbe Rebbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 122 Posek Posek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 123 Hazzan Hazzan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 124 Dayan Dayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 125 Rosh Rosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 126 yeshiva yeshiva NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 127 Mohel Mohel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 128 Kohen Kohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 129 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 130 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 131 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 132 Brit Brit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 133 Pidyon Pidyon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 134 haben haben NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 135 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 136 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 137 Bat Bat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 138 Mitzvah Mitzvah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 139 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 140 Bereavement Bereavement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 141 Yeshiva Yeshiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 142 Kolel Kolel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 143 Cheder Cheder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 144 Ritual Ritual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 145 objects object VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 146 Sefer sefer VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 147 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 148 Tallit Tallit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 149 Tefillin Tefillin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 150 Tzitzit Tzitzit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 151 Kippah Kippah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 152 Mezuzah Mezuzah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 153 Menorah Menorah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 154 Shofar Shofar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 155 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 156 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 157 Etrog Etrog NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 158 Lulav Lulav NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 159 Hadass Hadass NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 160 Arava Arava NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 161 Kittel Kittel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 162 Gartel Gartel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 163 Prayers Prayers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 164 Shema Shema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 165 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 166 Sh'ma Sh'ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 167 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 168 Amidah Amidah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 169 Aleinu Aleinu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 170 Kaddish kaddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 171 Minyan Minyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 172 Birkat Birkat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 173 Hamazon Hamazon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 174 Shehecheyanu Shehecheyanu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 175 Hallel Hallel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 176 Havdalah Havdalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 177 Tachanun Tachanun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 178 Kol Kol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 179 Nidre Nidre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 180 Selichot Selichot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 181 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 182 S'lichot s'lichot JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 183 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 184 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 185 holidays holiday NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 186 Rosh Rosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 187 Hashana Hashana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 188 Yom Yom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 189 Kippur Kippur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 190 Sukkot Sukkot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 191 Pesach Pesach NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 192 Shavuot Shavuot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 193 Purim Purim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 194 Hanukkah Hanukkah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 195 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 196 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 197 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 198 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 199 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 200 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 201 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 202 Mormonism Mormonism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 203 Samaritanism Samaritanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 204 Abrahamic Abrahamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 205 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 206 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 207 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 208 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 209 Pluralism Pluralism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 210 Related Related NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 211 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 212 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 213 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 214 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 215 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 216 Antisemitism Antisemitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 217 Anti Anti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 218 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 219 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 220 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 221 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 222 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 223 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 224 Muhammad Muhammad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 225   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 226 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 227 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 228 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 229 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 230 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 231 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 232 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 233 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 234 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 235 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 236 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 237 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 238 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 239 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 240 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 241 interrelated interrelate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 132 242 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 1 Converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 3 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 4 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 7 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 8 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 11 ethnos ethnos NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 12 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 14 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 15 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 133 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 2 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 7 converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 9 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 11 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 12 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 14 ex ex NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 15 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 18 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 19 claimed claim VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 21 converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 23 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 25 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 27 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 28 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 30 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 31 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 32 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 134 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 2 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 4 Conversion Conversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 7 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 9 mainstream mainstream NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 10 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 15 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 17 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 18 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 135 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 2 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 3 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 5 conversions conversion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 7 undertaken undertake VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 9 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 11 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 12 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 19 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 20 spouses spouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 22 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 136 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 2 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 5 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 6 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 9 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 10 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 13 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 16 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 19 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 21 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 23 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 26 Abrahamic Abrahamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 27 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 31 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 32 practiced practice VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 34 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 36 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 39 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 137 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 1 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 2 guides guide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 3 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 4 adherents adherent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 6 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 7 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 9 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 14 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 18 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 24 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 26 life,"[133 life,"[133 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 29 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 30 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 31 drawing draw VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 33 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 34 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 35 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 36 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 38 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 39 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 42 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 43 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 44 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 45 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 138 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 1 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 2 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 5 eras era NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 7 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 8 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 9 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 12 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 13 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 14 world,[134 world,[134 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 17 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 18 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 20 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 22 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 24 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 26 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 27 Haskalah),[135 Haskalah),[135 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 30 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 31 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 33 Portugal,[136 Portugal,[136 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 36 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 37 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 40 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 41 East,[136 East,[136 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 43 India,[137 india,[137 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 44 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 45 China,[138 China,[138 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 47 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 49 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 50 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 51 States[139 States[139 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 52 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 54 Israel,[140 Israel,[140 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 55 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 56 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 57 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 58 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 59 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 60 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 61 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 63 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 64 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 65 characteristically characteristically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 66 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 67 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 68 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 69 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 70 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 71 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 72 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 139 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 2 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 5 come come VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 7 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 8 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 10 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 13 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 17 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 18 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 23 surroundings surrounding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 26 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 27 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 30 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 31 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 33 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 34 dynamics dynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 37 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 40 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 42 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 44 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 45 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 140 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 2 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 4 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 6 considerably considerably RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 9 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 10 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 13 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 14 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 141 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 2 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 4 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 9 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 10 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 13 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 16 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 18 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 19 lashon lashon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 20 ha ha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 22 kodesh kodesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 26 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 27 tongue tongue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 32 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 35 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 38 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 39 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 41 Tanakh tanakh NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 43 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 44 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 48 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 49 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 52 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 53 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 54 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 55 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 142 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 3 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 5 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 10 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 11 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 12 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 14 joined join VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 15 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 18 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 21 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 143 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 2 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 6 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 8 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 14 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 16 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 17 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 144 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 4 Others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 11 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 13 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 16 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 17 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 19 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 25 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 26 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 145 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 2 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 13 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 146 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 5 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 6 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 9 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 11 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 13 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 15 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 19 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 21 migrated migrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 24 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 25 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 26 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 27 dialectal dialectal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 28 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 30 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 32 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 33 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 34 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 147 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 4 Judaeo judaeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 6 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 8 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 10 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 13 migrated migrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 15 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 148 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 1 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 4 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 6 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 8 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 10 Sephardic Sephardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 13 migrated migrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 16 Iberian iberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 17 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 149 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 4 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 6 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 8 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 11 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 13 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 14 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 18 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 20 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 22 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 23 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 26 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 27 emigration emigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 30 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 31 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 32 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 34 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 36 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 38 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 39 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 40 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 42 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 43 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 45 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 46 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 48 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 50 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 52 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 54 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 56 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 58 Krymchak Krymchak NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 60 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 61 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 62 Malayalam Malayalam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 64 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 65 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 67 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 68 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 69 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 70 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 72 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 150 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 4 Tombstone tombstone NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 7 Maharal Maharal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 10 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 12 Cemetery Cemetery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 14 Prague Prague NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 151 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 152 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 152 2 tombstones tombstone NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 152 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 152 4 inscribed inscribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 152 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 152 6 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 152 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 2 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 3 sixteen sixteen CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 4 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 5 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 8 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 9 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 12 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 21 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 22 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 24 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 25 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 27 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 31 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 32 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 33 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 34 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 37 Sabbath Sabbath NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 153 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 4 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 6 revived revive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 9 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 12 Eliezer Eliezer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 13 ben ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 14 Yehuda Yehuda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 17 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 19 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 21 1881 1881 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 154 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 8 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 9 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 10 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 11 Tannaic Tannaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 12 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 155 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 2 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 5 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 7 designated designate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 11 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 15 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 156 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 2 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 5 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 7 revive revive VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 8 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 11 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 16 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 18 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 24 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 25 possessed possess VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 28 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 31 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 32 emerged emerge VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 35 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 36 franca franca VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 39 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 40 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 157 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 2 146][147][148][149][150 146][147][148][149][150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 7 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 9 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 10 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 12 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 14 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 16 classic classic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 17 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 20 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 21 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 22 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 23 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 25 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 27 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 28 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 29 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 30 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 33 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 34 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 35 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 37 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 38 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 39 lack lack VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 40 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 41 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 42 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 44 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 45 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 46 by by RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 48 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 49 superseded superseded JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 50 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 51 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 52 vernaculars vernacular NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 158 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 3 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 4 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 5 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 6 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 7 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 9 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 11 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 16 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 159 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 2 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 3 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 5 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 6 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 8 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 12 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 160 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 7 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 12 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 14 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 16 language,[151 language,[151 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 21 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 22 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 23 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 24 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 25 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 27 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 30 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 32 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 33 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 36 Zionist zionist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 37 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 40 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 42 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 161 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 3 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 6 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 11 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 12 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 14 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 17 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 21 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 22 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 162 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 5 Quebec Quebec NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 8 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 9 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 11 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 14 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 16 Sephardic sephardic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 17 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 18 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 19 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 22 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 163 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 2 152][153][154 152][153][154 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 4 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 6 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 7 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 9 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 11 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 13 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 164 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 2 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 4 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 6 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 7 Czarist Czarist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 9 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 10 policies,[156][157 policies,[156][157 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 12 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 14 superseded supersede VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 20 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 21 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 24 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 25 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 28 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 29 neighboring neighboring NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 30 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 165 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 2 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 4 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 6 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 14 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 17 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 19 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 21 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 22 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 26 Ukraine[159][160][161][162 Ukraine[159][160][161][162 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 29 Uzbekistan,[163 uzbekistan,[163 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 31 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 32 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 35 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 36 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 38 Azerbaijan,[164][165 Azerbaijan,[164][165 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 40 Georgia,[166 georgia,[166 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 43 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 166 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 2 167][168 167][168 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 5 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 7 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 8 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 9 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 11 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 13 dwindling dwindle VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 16 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 18 shifted shift VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 21 multilingual multilingual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 22 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 25 monolingual monolingual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 29 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 30 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 33 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 34 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 36 Algeria,[169 Algeria,[169 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 38 Morocco,[164 Morocco,[164 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 42 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 44 Tunis,[170][171 Tunis,[170][171 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 46 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 47 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 48 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 49 Africans Africans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 50 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 52 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 53 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 54 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 55 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 56 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 57 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 58 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 59 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 167 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 5 Leadership Leadership NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 10 leadership leadership NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 11 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 13 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 14 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 15 governing governing NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 16 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 20 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 22 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 24 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 25 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 27 responsibility responsibility NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 29 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 30 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 168 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 2 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 4 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 7 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 9 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 11 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 12 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 15 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 17 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 20 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 21 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 22 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 23 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 24 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 27 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 28 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 31 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 33 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 169 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 4 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 7 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 10 Chief Chief NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 11 Rabbi Rabbi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 13 serves serve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 16 representative representative NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 18 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 19 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 21 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 170 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 3 Hassidic Hassidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 5 follow follow VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 7 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 8 hereditary hereditary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 9 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 10 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 14 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 15 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 16 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 17 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 18 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 20 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 21 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 22 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 171 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 3 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 6 Messiah Messiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 7 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 8 act act VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 10 unifying unifying JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 11 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 16 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 17 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 172 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 2 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 4 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 6 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 8 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 9 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 10 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 11 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 13 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 15 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 173 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 174 1 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 174 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 174 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 174 4 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 174 5 were be VBD 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en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 19 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 21 priesthood priesthood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 25 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 28 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 185 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 2 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 4 Demographics Demographics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 5 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 6 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 186 9 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en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 29 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 30 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 32 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 33 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 35 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 36 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 38 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 40 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 42 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 43 admixture admixture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 191 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 2 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 6 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 7 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 9 belonging belong VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 14 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 15 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 18 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 21 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 192 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 1 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 5 Germanics Germanics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 8 Ashkenaz Ashkenaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 9 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 11 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 14 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 18 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 19 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 20 denoting denote VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 22 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 23 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 24 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 26 geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 27 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 29 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 30 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 34 Hispanics Hispanics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 37 Sefarad Sefarad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 38 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 40 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 41 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 42 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 45 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 46 Iberia Iberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 49 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 52 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 53 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 54 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 55 denoting denote VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 56 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 57 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 58 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 59 Portuguese portuguese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 60 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 61 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 63 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 64 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 193 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 2 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 3 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 4 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 10 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 11 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 13 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 16 Mizrahim Mizrahim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 18 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 194 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 2 Easterners easterner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 5 Mizrach Mizrach NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 8 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 11 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 14 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 15 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 18 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 21 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 22 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 24 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 25 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 27 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 28 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 32 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 36 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 38 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 40 collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 42 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 44 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 46 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 47 proper proper NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 49 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 50 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 51 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 53 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 54 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 55 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 56 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 58 Sephardi Sephardi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 59 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 60 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 61 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 62 ethnically ethnically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 63 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 195 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 2 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 4 Smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 5 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 11 restricted restrict VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 14 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 19 Bene Bene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 20 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 22 Bnei Bnei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 23 Menashe Menashe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 25 Cochin Cochin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 26 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 29 Bene Bene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 30 Ephraim Ephraim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 33 Romaniotes Romaniotes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 35 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 38 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 39 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 42 Italkim Italkim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 45 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 46 Bené Bené NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 47 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 50 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 52 Teimanim Teimanim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 53 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 54 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 55 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 56 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 57 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 58 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 60 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 61 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 62 numerously numerously RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 64 Beta Beta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 65 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 67 Ethiopia Ethiopia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 68 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 69 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 70 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 71 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 73 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 74 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 76 Kaifeng Kaifeng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 77 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 79 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 80 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 81 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 82 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 83 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 84 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 85 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 86 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 87 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 88 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 89 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 196 90 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 2 181 181 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 5 divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 7 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 9 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 11 approximate approximate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 14 boundaries boundary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 17 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 18 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 197 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 2 Mizrahim Mizrahim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 8 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 9 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 11 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 12 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 14 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 15 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 17 Caucasian Caucasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 20 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 21 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 23 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 26 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 27 closer close RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 28 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 30 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 32 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 33 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 34 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 36 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 39 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 40 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 41 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 42 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 198 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 3 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 8 Mizrahim Mizrahim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 10 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 11 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 12 Sephardi Sephardi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 13 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 15 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 16 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 18 liturgy liturgy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 20 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 21 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 22 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 24 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 25 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 199 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 3 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 4 Mizrahim Mizrahim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 7 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 10 Iraqi iraqi JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 13 Lebanese lebanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 16 Kurdish kurdish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 17 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 19 Moroccan Moroccan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 22 Libyan libyan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 23 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 25 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 26 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 28 Bukharian Bukharian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 31 Mountain Mountain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 32 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 34 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 35 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 37 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 38 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 40 Afghan Afghan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 41 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 44 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 45 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 200 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 2 Teimanim Teimanim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 4 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 6 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 7 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 9 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 11 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 13 liturgy liturgy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 15 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 18 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 20 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 23 admixture admixture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 24 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 28 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 29 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 31 Mizrahim Mizrahim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 201 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 7 differentiation differentiation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 8 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 10 Sephardi Sephardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 11 migrants migrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 13 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 14 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 17 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 18 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 20 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 21 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 22 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 24 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 29 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 31 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 34 1490s 1490 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 37 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 38 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 39 existing existing JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 40 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 41 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 43 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 44 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 202 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 2 181 181 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 4 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 6 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 8 bulk bulk NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 11 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 14 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 15 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 16 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 18 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 21 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 24 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 26 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 28 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 29 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 31 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 32 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 33 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 36 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 203 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 6 emigration emigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 8 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 10 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 12 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 14 overwhelming overwhelming JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 15 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 17 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 20 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 21 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 22 continents continent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 25 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 29 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 30 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 32 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 34 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 36 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 39 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 204 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 2 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 5 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 9 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 11 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 14 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 15 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 17 outnumber outnumber VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 19 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 205 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 2 182 182 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 4 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 11 representative representative NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 14 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 17 melting melt VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 18 pot pot NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 19 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 21 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 22 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 24 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 25 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 27 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 28 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 29 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 30 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 206 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 2 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 4 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 9 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 10 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 13 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 14 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 15 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 16 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 17 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 19 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 21 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 22 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 207 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 1 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 2 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 4 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 6 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 7 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 9 tertiary tertiary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 10 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 208 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 3 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 6 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 7 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 11 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 13 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 14 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 16 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 17 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 18 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 19 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 21 imply imply VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 23 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 24 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 26 founders founder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 29 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 30 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 31 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 32 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 33 parted part VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 35 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 36 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 37 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 38 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 209 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 2 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 7 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 10 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 11 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 12 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 13 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 15 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 17 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 18 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 19 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 210 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 4 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 6 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 8 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 9 paternal paternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 10 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 15 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 16 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 17 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 20 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 21 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 23 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 25 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 26 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 28 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 30 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 31 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 33 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 36 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 37 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 38 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 211 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 3 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 6 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 8 placing place VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 11 paternal paternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 12 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 15 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 18 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 19 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 212 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 2 185][186 185][186 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 4 Conversely conversely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 7 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 8 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 11 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 13 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 15 looking look VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 17 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 18 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 21 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 22 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 23 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 213 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 2 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 4 Scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 7 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 8 Ostrer Ostrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 10 Raphael Raphael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 11 Falk Falk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 12 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 14 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 18 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 19 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 20 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 21 mates mate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 23 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 26 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 29 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 30 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 31 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 32 migrated migrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 35 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 36 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 37 fleeing flee VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 38 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 39 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 214 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 2 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 5 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 7 Behar Behar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 9 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 10 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 12 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 13 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 15 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 17 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 18 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 19 originate originate VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 20 maternally maternally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 22 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 23 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 24 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 25 founders founder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 27 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 30 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 31 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 32 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 215 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 2 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 4 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 6 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 8 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 10 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 11 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 12 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 15 narrow narrow JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 16 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 17 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 216 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 3 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 5 Subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 7 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 8 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 10 Feder Feder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 11 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 12 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 217 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 1 confirmed confirm VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 3 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 4 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 6 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 8 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 9 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 10 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 11 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 12 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 218 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 1 Reflecting reflect VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 4 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 5 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 8 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 9 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 11 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 15 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 16 conclude conclude VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 18 Clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 21 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 23 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 25 non non NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 26 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 29 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 30 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 32 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 33 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 34 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 36 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 37 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 219 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 1 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 3 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 7 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 10 overlooked overlook VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 12 non non AFX en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 13 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 16 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 19 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 220 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 3 9][189][190 9][189][190 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 7 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 12 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 16 haplogroup haplogroup NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 17 G2c G2c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 21 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 22 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 24 Pashtuns Pashtuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 27 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 28 scales scale NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 29 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 30 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 31 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 32 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 34 Palestinians Palestinians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 36 Syrians Syrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 39 Lebanese lebanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 221 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 2 191][192 191][192 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 4 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 6 autosomal autosomal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 7 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 10 look look VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 13 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 14 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 15 mixture mixture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 18 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 19 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 20 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 23 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 24 develops develop VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 222 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 2 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 5 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 7 tended tend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 9 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 10 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 11 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 12 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 13 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 15 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 16 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 22 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 23 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 24 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 25 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 27 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 223 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 2 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 6 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 9 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 12 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 13 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 15 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 17 Sephardi Sephardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 20 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 21 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 22 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 23 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 25 predominant predominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 26 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 28 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 29 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 30 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 31 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 224 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 3 Behar Behar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 6 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 7 parsimonious parsimonious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 8 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 11 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 12 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 13 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 14 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 20 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 23 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 24 formulation formulation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 27 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 28 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 30 descending descend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 32 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 33 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 35 Israelite israelite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 36 residents resident NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 39 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 44 dispersion dispersion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 47 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 49 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 50 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 51 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 53 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 54 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 225 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 2 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 4 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 5 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 7 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 9 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 11 Iberian iberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 12 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 13 show show NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 14 variable variable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 15 frequencies frequency NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 17 admixture admixture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 19 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 21 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 22 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 23 host host NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 24 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 27 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 28 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 226 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 5 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 7 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 11 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 12 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 18 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 19 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 22 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 24 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 25 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 26 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 27 admixture admixture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 29 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 30 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 31 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 33 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 34 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 35 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 36 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 37 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 39 admixture admixture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 41 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 42 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 43 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 44 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 227 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 228 1 Behar Behar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 228 2 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 228 3 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 228 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 1 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 2 remarked remark VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 5 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 6 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 8 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 11 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 12 Italians Italians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 229 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 2 194][195 194][195 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 7 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 11 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 15 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 16 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 18 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 21 Fertile Fertile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 22 Crescent Crescent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 24 Kurds Kurds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 26 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 29 Armenians Armenians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 34 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 35 neighbors neighbor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 38 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 39 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 41 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 42 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 43 signature signature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 44 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 45 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 47 correlate correlate VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 48 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 50 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 53 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 54 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 230 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 2 185][196 185][196 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 7 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 9 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 11 Sephardic Sephardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 12 Bnei Bnei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 13 Anusim Anusim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 14 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 19 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 23 anusim anusim NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 27 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 29 convert convert VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 31 Catholicism Catholicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 33 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 34 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 36 Iberia Iberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 38 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 40 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 43 Ibero Ibero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 45 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 47 Hispanic Hispanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 48 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 50 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 53 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 54 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 55 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 56 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 57 19.8 19.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 58   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 59 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 62 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 63 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 65 Iberia Iberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 67 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 68 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 69 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 70   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 71 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 72 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 73 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 74 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 75 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 77 Ibero Ibero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 78 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 79 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 81 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 82 Sephardic sephardic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 83 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 84 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 85 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 87 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 88 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 89 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 231 90 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 2 Bene Bene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 3 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 5 Cochin Cochin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 8 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 10 Beta Beta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 11 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 13 Ethiopia Ethiopia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 17 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 20 Lemba lemba JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 21 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 23 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 24 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 26 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 28 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 29 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 30 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 31 resembling resemble VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 33 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 34 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 37 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 38 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 40 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 41 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 42 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 43 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 44 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 45 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 46 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 47 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 232 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 2 197][194][198][190 197][194][198][190 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 4 Population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 5 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 6 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 9 comprehensive comprehensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 10 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 12 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 13 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 15 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 16 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 18 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 233 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 4 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 6 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 8 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 9 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 12 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 15 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 17 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 18 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 20 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 234 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 2 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 7 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 8 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 11 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 15 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 16 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 17 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 18 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 19 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 22 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 24 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 26 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 27 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 28 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 29 concentrated concentrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 32 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 33 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 35 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 235 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 2 199][200 199][200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 8 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 9 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 11 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 13 collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 14 home home RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 16 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 17 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 18 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 20 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 23 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 27 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 28 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 29 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 30 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 31 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 33 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 36 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 37 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 38 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 236 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 2 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 7 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 8 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 9 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 11 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 14 13,421,000 13,421,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 16 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 18 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 20 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 21 0.19 0.19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 23 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 26 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 28 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 31 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 237 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 2 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 8 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 12 People People NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 13 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 14 Planning Planning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 15 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 20 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 21 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 23 13.2 13.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 25 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 238 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 2 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 4 Adherents.com Adherents.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 5 cites cite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 6 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 7 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 11 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 13 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 239 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 2 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 5 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 6 incorporate incorporate VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 7 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 8 practicing practice VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 10 affiliated affiliate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 12 synagogues synagogue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 16 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 19 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 20 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 22 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 23 unaffiliated unaffiliated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 25 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 26 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 240 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 5 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 7 Sergio Sergio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 8 Della Della NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 9 Pergola Pergola NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 12 demographer demographer NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 16 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 19 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 20 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 22 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 23 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 24 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 27 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 29 5.7 5.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 30 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 33 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 34 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 37 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 38 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 41 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 44 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 241 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 2 205 205 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 4 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 8 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 11 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 13 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 15 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 16 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 20 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 22 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 26 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 27 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 30 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 31 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 32 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 34 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 37 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 242 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 2 206 206 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 4 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 6 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 9 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 10 democratic democratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 15 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 16 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 17 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 243 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 2 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 4 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 6 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 7 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 10 parliament parliament NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 13 Knesset,[208 Knesset,[208 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 17 2016[update 2016[update NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 20 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 21 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 24 Knesset Knesset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 26 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 27 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 29 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 32 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 34 Druze Druze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 37 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 38 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 39 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 40 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 41 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 244 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 3 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 5 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 6 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 7 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 11 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 12 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 14 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 245 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 2 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 4 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 5 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 7 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 12 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 14 800,000 800,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 17 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 246 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 2 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 4 Currently Currently NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 7 account account VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 9 75.4 75.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 11 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 14 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 15 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 18 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 20 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 21 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 247 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 2 211][212 211][212 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 6 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 9 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 11 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 13 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 16 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 17 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 19 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 20 survivors survivor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 23 aftermath aftermath NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 26 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 28 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 29 fleeing flee VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 30 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 31 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 248 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 2 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 4 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 8 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 9 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 11 Ethiopian Ethiopian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 14 many many DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 16 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 18 airlifted airlift VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 20 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 23 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 24 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 26 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 27 1990s 1990 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 249 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 2 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 4 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 7 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 8 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 9 227,258 227,258 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 10 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 11 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 13 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 15 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 16 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 17 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 20 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 21 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 250 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 2 215 215 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 5 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 7 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 9 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 11 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 13 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 15 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 18 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 19 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 22 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 23 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 251 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 2 216 216 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 5 trickle trickle NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 7 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 10 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 13 arrived arrive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 15 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 16 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 17 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 19 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 24 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 25 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 27 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 28 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 29 survivors survivor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 31 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 32 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 34 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 35 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 38 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 39 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 41 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 43 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 45 Chile Chile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 48 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 49 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 252 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 4 emigrated emigrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 7 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 9 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 11 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 12 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 14 disillusionment disillusionment NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 16 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 17 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 20 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 21 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 23 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 24 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 253 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 254 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 254 2 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 254 3 emigrants emigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 254 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 254 5 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 254 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 254 7 yordim yordim NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 254 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 2 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 4 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 6 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 7 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 9 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 13 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 14 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 16 Rosh Rosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 17 Hashana Hashana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 18 greeting greeting NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 19 card card NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 23 1900s 1900 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 25 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 26 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 28 packs pack NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 30 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 32 gaze gaze NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 35 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 36 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 37 beckoning beckon VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 38 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 41 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 42 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 255 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 3 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 5 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 7 pogroms pogrom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 10 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 14 safety safety NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 17 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 19 1881 1881 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 21 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 256 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 2 218 218 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 5 menorah menorah NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 6 dominating dominate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 8 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 9 square square NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 11 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 257 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 258 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 258 2 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 258 3 70,000 70,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 258 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 258 5 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 258 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 258 7 Siberia Siberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 258 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 2 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 5 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 7 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 13 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 16 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 19 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 23 founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 25 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 27 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 28 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 30 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 31 pogroms pogrom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 33 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 34 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 36 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 37 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 39 Pale Pale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 41 Settlement Settlement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 43 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 45 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 46 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 48 Moldova Moldova NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 50 Belarus Belarus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 52 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 56 massacre massacre NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 58 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 59 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 60 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 62 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 66 founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 69 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 71 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 73 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 75 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 76 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 77 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 78 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 79 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 80 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 82 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 83 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 84 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 85 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 86 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 87 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 88 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 89 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 90 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 91 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 92 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 93 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 94 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 95 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 96 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 97 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 98 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 99 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 100 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 259 101 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 2 220 220 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 4 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 5 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 6 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 10 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 13 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 15 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 16 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 17 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 260 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 1 Currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 4 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 6 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 7 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 8 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 11 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 13 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 15 second second RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 17 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 18 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 19 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 22 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 25 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 28 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 29 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 32 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 34 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 36 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 37   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 38 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 39 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 41 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 42 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 261 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 1 Elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 4 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 9 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 11 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 13 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 15 315,000 315,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 18 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 20 180,000–300,000 180,000–300,000 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 24 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 26 196,000–600,000 196,000–600,000 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 30 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 31 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 33 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 35 Uruguay Uruguay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 37 Venezuela Venezuela NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 39 Chile Chile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 41 Colombia Colombia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 43 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 44 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 45 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 47 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 48 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 51 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 53 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 54 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 262 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 2 221 221 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 8 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 9 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 10 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 11 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 13 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 14 470,000 470,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 15 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 18 heritage heritage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 19 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 21 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 23 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 26 Caribbean Caribbean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 263 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 2 222 222 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 4 Demographers demographer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 5 disagree disagree VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 7 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 13 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 14 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 15 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 17 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 21 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 23 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 24 surpassed surpass VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 26 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 27 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 29 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 30 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 31 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 33 2000s 2000 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 35 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 36 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 37 maintain maintain VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 38 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 40 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 41 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 42 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 43 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 45 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 46 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 47 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 50 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 264 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 1 Currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 4 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 5 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 7 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 8 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 10 planned plan VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 12 ascertain ascertain VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 13 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 16 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 18 overtaken overtake VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 23 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 24 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 265 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 2 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 4 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 5 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 7 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 9 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 13 third third RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 15 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 17 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 20 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 22 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 24 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 26 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 28 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 30 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 31 483,000 483,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 33 500,000 500,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 34 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 37 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 39 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 40 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 41 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 43 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 44 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 45 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 46 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 47 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 48 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 50 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 52 Morocco Morocco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 55 Tunisia Tunisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 57 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 58 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 59 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 266 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 2 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 6 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 10 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 12 292,000 292,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 267 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 2 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 3 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 6 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 7 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 9 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 11 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 268 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 2 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 6 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 7 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 8 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 9 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 11 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 13 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 14 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 15 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 16 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 19 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 21 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 23 choose choose VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 25 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 26 nationality nationality NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 27 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 28 choices choice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 30 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 32 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 36 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 40 eligibility eligibility NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 42 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 44 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 46 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 47 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 48 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 50 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 51 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 52 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 53 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 54 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 55 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 56 grandparents grandparent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 269 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 4 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 5 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 8 heads head NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 11 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 13 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 14 assert assert NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 16 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 18 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 19 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 20 Russians Russians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 22 eligible eligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 24 aliyah aliyah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 270 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 2 225][226 225][226 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 5 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 8 102,000 102,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 10 registered register VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 14 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 17 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 18 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 19 population,[227 population,[227 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 21 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 23 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 25 tens ten NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 27 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 32 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 33 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 34 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 35 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 37 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 40 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 41 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 271 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 2 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 4 Thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 6 Israelis Israelis NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 8 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 10 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 12 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 13 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 15 temporarily temporarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 18 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 19 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 272 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 2 229 229 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 4 Prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 6 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 8 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 9 800,000 800,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 12 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 14 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 16 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 17 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 18 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 20 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 21 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 23 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 24 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 273 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 4 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 5 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 8 thirds third NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 9 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 12 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 14 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 15 Maghreb Maghreb NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 16 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 18 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 20 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 22 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 25 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 27 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 29 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 30 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 32 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 35 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 37 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 39 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 40 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 42 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 45 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 47 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 274 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 2 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 3 200,000 200,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 4 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 6 Pahlavi Pahlavi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 7 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 10 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 12 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 275 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 3 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 4 26,000 26,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 6 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 8 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 9 countries[230 countries[230 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 12 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 13 30,000 30,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 15 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 17 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 276 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 2 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 4 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 5 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 7 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 10 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 13 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 14 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 17 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 20 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 22 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 23 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 24 aliyah aliyah NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 25 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 27 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 29 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 277 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 2 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 5 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 7 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 9 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 10 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 11 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 12 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 13 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 15 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 278 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 3 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 5 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 6 exoduses exodus NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 7 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 8 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 11 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 12 1940s 1940 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 14 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 15 1950s 1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 17 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 19 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 21 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 23 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 26 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 28 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 30 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 32 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 33 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 34 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 35 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 37 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 38 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 279 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 2 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 5 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 8 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 10 1956 1956 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 280 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 2 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 5 Maghreb Maghreb NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 6 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 7 peaked peak VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 10 1960s 1960 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 281 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 1 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 4 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 5 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 6 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 10 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 11 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 14 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 15 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 18 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 20 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 23 influx influx NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 25 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 28 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 29 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 31 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 34 mid-1970s mid-1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 36 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 37 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 39 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 40 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 41 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 42 dwindled dwindle VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 282 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 3 aftermath aftermath NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 6 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 7 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 9 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 10 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 14 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 16 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 17 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 18 peaked peak VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 21 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 22 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 23 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 24 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 26 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 28 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 30 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 32 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 283 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 5 Outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 6 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 9 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 12 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 13 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 17 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 19 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 21 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 23 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 25 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 27 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 29 112,500 112,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 32 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 33 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 35 70,000 70,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 284 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 8 6,800-strong 6,800-strong CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 9 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 11 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 12 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 285 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 2 232 232 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 4 Demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 5 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 9 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 12 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 13 Assimilation Assimilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 14 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 15 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 18 assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 20 Interfaith Interfaith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 21 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 23 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 24 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 26 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 28 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 31 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 32 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 35 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 37 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 38 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 39 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 40 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 42 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 43 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 44 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 45 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 46 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 47 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 48 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 51 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 52 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 53 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 54 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 56 ceasing cease VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 57 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 58 practice practice VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 59 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 61 losing lose VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 62 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 63 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 64 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 286 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 2 233 233 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 4 Assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 5 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 6 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 9 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 14 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 15 periods,[233 periods,[233 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 20 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 23 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 25 Kaifeng Kaifeng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 26 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 28 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 30 disappearing disappear VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 31 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 287 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 2 234 234 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 5 advent advent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 9 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 12 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 15 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 16 Haskalah Haskalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 20 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 21 emancipation emancipation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 25 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 27 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 29 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 32 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 33 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 35 accelerated accelerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 37 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 39 encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 40 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 42 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 43 participate participate VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 47 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 48 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 51 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 52 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 288 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 6 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 7 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 9 assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 13 marry marry VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 14 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 17 spouses spouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 19 stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 20 participating participate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 23 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 24 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 289 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 2 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 4 Rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 6 interreligious interreligious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 7 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 8 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 9 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 13 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 14 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 18 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 19 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 20 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 22 percent,[236 percent,[236 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 26 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 27 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 29 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 30 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 32 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 35 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 37 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 38 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 40 percent,[237 percent,[237 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 44 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 46 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 48 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 49 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 51 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 52   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 53 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 290 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 2 238][239 238][239 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 10 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 12 third third NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 14 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 16 intermarriages intermarriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 17 affiliate affiliate NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 20 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 21 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 291 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 2 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 5 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 8 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 9 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 12 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 14 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 16 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 17 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 18 religiously religiously RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 20 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 22 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 23 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 25 assimilate assimilate VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 28 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 31 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 32 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 292 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 5 War war NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 7 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 8 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 9 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 11 Persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 15 Antisemitism Antisemitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 18 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 19 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 20 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 22 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 23 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 24 Nero Nero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 25 sends send VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 26 Vespasian Vespasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 29 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 31 destroy destroy VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 33 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 35 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 36 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 293 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 3 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 7 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 8 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 9 persecutions persecution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 10 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 12 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 294 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 2 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 3 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 6 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 7 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 8 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 15 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 16 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 17 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 20 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 23 repeatedly repeatedly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 24 repressed repress VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 26 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 27 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 29 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 31 ejecting eject VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 32 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 35 homelands homeland NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 36 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 38 pagan pagan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 39 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 40 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 42 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 44 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 45 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 46 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 48 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 50 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 51 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 52 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 54 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 55 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 56 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 295 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 2 241][242 241][242 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 6 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 7 Carroll Carroll NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 11 accounted account VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 13 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 14 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 17 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 296 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 3 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 5 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 7 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 10 intervened intervene VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 15 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 17 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 18 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 21 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 22 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 24 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 26 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 27 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 28 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 30 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 297 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 3 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 5 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 7 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 8 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 11 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 12 persecutions persecution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 16 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 17 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 19 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 22 Crusades Crusades NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 23 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 24 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 26 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 27 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 28 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 30 massacred massacre VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 31 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 34 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 36 expulsions expulsion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 39 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 41 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 43 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 45 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 51 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 52 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 54 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 56 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 58 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 59 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 61 Reconquista Reconquista NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 64 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 65 Reconquest Reconquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 68 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 69 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 72 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 73 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 74 unbaptized unbaptized JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 75 Sephardic Sephardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 76 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 77 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 79 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 80 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 81 Moors Moors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 82 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 83 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 298 84 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 2 244][245 244][245 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 6 Papal Papal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 10 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 11 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 12 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 16 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 18 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 21 specified specify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 22 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 23 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 24 ghettos ghetto NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 299 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 2 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 5 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 7 poster poster VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 8 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 10 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 11 cutting cut VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 13 bonds bond NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 17 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 20 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 23 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 25 cut cut VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 26 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 27 bonds bond NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 29 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 30 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 31 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 32 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 33 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 34 let let VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 35 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 36 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 37 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 38 set set VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 39 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 40 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 41 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-3049 300 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 301 1 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 301 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 301 3 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 301 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 301 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 301 6 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 301 7 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 301 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 1 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 4 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 5 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 7 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 8 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 10 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 12 dhimmis dhimmis NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 15 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 17 practice practice VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 19 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 21 administer administer VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 23 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 24 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 29 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 31 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 32 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 302 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 2 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 7 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 9 jizya jizya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 12 per per FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 13 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 14 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 15 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 17 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 18 adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 19 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 21 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 22 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 26 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 27 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 303 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 2 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 4 Dhimmis Dhimmis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 7 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 8 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 10 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 11 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 304 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 3 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 4 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 6 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 7 disabilities disability NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 10 prohibitions prohibition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 11 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 12 bearing bear VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 13 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 15 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 16 testimony testimony NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 18 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 20 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 21 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 22 Muslims Muslims NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 305 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 2 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 7 disabilities disability NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 9 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 10 symbolic symbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 306 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 2 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 3 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 5 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 6 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 10 degrading"[249 degrading"[249 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 14 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 16 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 17 clothing clothing NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 20 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 23 Quran Quran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 25 hadith hadith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 27 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 29 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 30 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 31 Baghdad Baghdad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 33 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 34 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 35 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 36 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 37 erratic erratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 307 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 2 249 249 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 7 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 10 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 11 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 12 martyrdom martyrdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 14 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 17 forced force VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 18 compulsion compulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 20 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 22 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 27 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 28 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 31 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 33 residence residence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 35 profession profession NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 308 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 2 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 4 Notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 5 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 8 massacre massacre NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 12 forcible forcible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 13 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 19 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 22 Almohad Almohad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 23 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 25 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 27 Andalus Andalus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 30 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 31 century,[251 century,[251 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 33 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 34 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 37 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 38 Persia,[252 Persia,[252 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 42 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 43 confinement confinement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 45 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 46 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 48 walled walled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 49 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 50 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 52 mellahs mellah NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 53 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 54 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 56 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 57 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 59 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 62 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 63 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 64 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 309 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 2 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 6 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 10 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 11 commonplace commonplace JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 13 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 14 antisemitic antisemitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 15 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 18 conflated conflate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 20 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 21 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 22 Zionist zionist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 23 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 25 pronouncements pronouncement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 27 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 28 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 31 Hezbollah Hezbollah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 33 Hamas Hamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 37 pronouncements pronouncement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 39 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 40 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 43 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 44 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 46 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 49 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 52 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 54 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 55 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 57 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 58 Refah Refah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 59 Partisi Partisi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 310 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 3 254 254 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 5 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 6 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 9 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 11 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 13 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 15 oppressed oppress VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 18 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 20 sought seek VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 22 eliminate eliminate VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 23 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 24 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 311 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 1 Methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 2 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 3 ranged range VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 5 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 7 outright outright JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 8 genocide genocide NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 10 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 11 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 13 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 15 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 18 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 19 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 21 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 23 silence silence VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 24 dissent dissent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 312 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 2 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 4 antisemitism antisemitism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 5 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 7 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 8 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 10 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 13 massacre massacre NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 15 Jews;[244 Jews;[244 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 18 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 19 Inquisition Inquisition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 21 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 23 Tomás Tomás NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 24 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 25 Torquemada Torquemada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 29 Portuguese Portuguese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 30 Inquisition Inquisition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 34 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 36 autos auto NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 38 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 40 fé fé NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 41 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 43 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 44 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 46 Marrano Marrano NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 47 Jews;[255 Jews;[255 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 48 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 50 Bohdan Bohdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 51 Chmielnicki Chmielnicki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 52 Cossack Cossack NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 53 massacres massacre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 55 Ukraine;[256 ukraine;[256 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 56 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 58 Pogroms Pogroms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 59 backed back VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 60 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 62 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 63 Tsars;[257 tsars;[257 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 64 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 65 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 66 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 67 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 68 expulsions expulsion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 69 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 70 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 72 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 74 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 76 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 78 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 80 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 81 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 82 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 83 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 84 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 85 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 86 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 87 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 88 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 313 89 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 2 245 245 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 8 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 9 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 12 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 13 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 15 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 16 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 18 19.8 19.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 20 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 23 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 24 Iberian iberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 26 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 27 Sephardic sephardic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 28 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 29 ancestry,[258 ancestry,[258 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 31 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 32 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 34 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 36 conversos conversos NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 37 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 38 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 39 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 40 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 41 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 42 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 43 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 44 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 314 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 2 259][260 259][260 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 6 Minsk Minsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 8 1941 1941 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 315 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 1 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 3 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 4 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 6 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 8 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 316 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 5 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 6 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 7 retook retook VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 9 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 12 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 13 1944 1944 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 15 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 17 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 19 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 20 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 21 survivors survivor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 317 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 2 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 3 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 5 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 7 Nazi Nazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 8 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 10 Final Final NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 11 Solution Solution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 14 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 17 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 20 slaughter slaughter NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 22 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 23 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 25 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 26 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 318 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 2 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 4 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 6 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 8 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 10 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 13 1939 1939 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 15 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 18 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 20 murdered murder VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 23 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 319 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 2 262][263 262][263 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 5 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 8 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 10 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 11 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 12 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 14 genocide genocide NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 16 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 17 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 20 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 21 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 23 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 24 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 27 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 28 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 29 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 30 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 33 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 34 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 35 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 37 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 38 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 39 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 40 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 41 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 43 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 45 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 46 collaborators collaborator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 47 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 49 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 50 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 51 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 53 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 54 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 56 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 320 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 2 264 264 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 5 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 7 genocide genocide NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 9 accomplished accomplish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 11 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 321 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 1 Legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 2 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 3 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 7 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 8 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 10 enacted enact VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 11 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 12 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 14 outbreak outbreak NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 16 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 17 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 18 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 322 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 2 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 4 Concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 5 camps camp NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 7 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 10 inmates inmate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 14 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 15 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 16 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 18 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 20 exhaustion exhaustion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 22 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 323 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 2 266 266 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 4 Where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 6 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 7 Reich Reich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 8 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 10 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 12 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 15 specialized specialized JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 16 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 17 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 18 Einsatzgruppen Einsatzgruppen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 19 murdered murder VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 22 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 23 opponents opponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 25 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 26 shootings shooting NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 324 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 2 267 267 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 6 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 8 crammed cram VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 10 ghettos ghetto NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 11 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 12 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 13 transported transport VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 14 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 16 kilometres kilometre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 18 freight freight NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 19 train train NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 21 extermination extermination NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 22 camps camp NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 23 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 25 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 26 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 27 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 29 journey journey NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 32 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 34 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 36 murdered murder VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 38 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 39 chambers chamber NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 325 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 2 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 4 Virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 5 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 6 arm arm NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 8 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 10 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 12 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 15 logistics logistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 18 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 19 murder murder NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 21 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 23 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 24 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 25 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 27 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 28 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 29 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 30 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 33 genocidal genocidal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 34 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 326 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 3 269 269 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 5 Migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 6 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 7 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 9 Expulsions expulsion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 12 Expulsions Expulsions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 18 1100 1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 20 1600 1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 21 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 23 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 27 repeatedly repeatedly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 29 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 31 indirectly indirectly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 32 expelled expel VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 34 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 35 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 36 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 37 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 40 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 42 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 45 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 48 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 50 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 51 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 52 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 53 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 327 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 2 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 4 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 6 shaped shape VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 8 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 10 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 11 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 14 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 18 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 20 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 21 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 23 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 24 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 328 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 2 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 5 patriarch patriarch JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 6 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 8 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 11 migrant migrant NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 14 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 16 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 18 Ur Ur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 21 Chaldees[271 chaldees[271 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 23 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 25 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 28 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 30 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 31 Nimrod Nimrod NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 329 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 2 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 4 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 5 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 8 Children Children NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 14 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 15 story story NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 17 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 18 historicity historicity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 20 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 22 undertook undertake VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 24 Exodus Exodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 26 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 28 departure departure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 32 exit exit NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 35 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 38 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 39 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 42 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 45 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 47 Exodus Exodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 330 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 2 273 273 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 4 Etching etching NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 7 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 12 Frankfurt Frankfurt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 14 1614 1614 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 331 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 2 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 3 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 6 1380 1380 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 7 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 8 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 10 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 12 counted count VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 15 exit exit NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 18 gate gate NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 332 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 1 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 2 fleeing flee VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 3 pogroms pogrom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 5 1882 1882 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 6 Centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 7 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 9 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 10 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 13 deport deport VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 15 displace displace NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 16 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 17 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 22 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 23 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 24 4,500,000 4,500,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 26 captive captive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 27 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 28 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 29 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 30 dislocation dislocation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 31 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 32 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 33 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 35 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 36 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 333 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 2 274 274 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 4 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 5 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 7 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 9 Tiglath Tiglath NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 11 Pileser Pileser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 12 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 13 claims claim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 14 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 15 deported deport VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 16 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 17     _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 20 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 22 Lower Lower NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 23 Galilee Galilee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 26 13,520 13,520 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 27 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 334 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 2 275 275 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 5 27,000 27,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 6 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 8 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 10 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 11     _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 17 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 19 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 22 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 24 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 25 deported deport VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 27 Sargon Sargon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 28 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 32 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 34 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 35 deported deported JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 36 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 38 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 39 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 40 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 41 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 43 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 45 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 48 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 49 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 50 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 53 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 54 Empire,[276][277 Empire,[276][277 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 55 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 56 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 57 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 59 80,000 80,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 60 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 61 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 63 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 65 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 66 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 67 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 68 exiled exile VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 69 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 70 Babylonia,[274 Babylonia,[274 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 71 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 72 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 73 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 74 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 75 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 76 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 77 returned return VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 78 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 79 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 80 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 81 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 83 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 84 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 85 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 86 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 87 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 88 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 335 89 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 2 278 278 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 7 exiled exile VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 8 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 11 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 336 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 2 279 279 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 5 2,000 2,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 6 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 7 dispersion dispersion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 11 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 12 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 13 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 16 Empire,[citation Empire,[citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 17 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 22 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 23 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 25 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 26 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 29 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 31 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 33 land,[citation land,[citation CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 34 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 36 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 37 wherever wherever WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 39 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 40 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 41 freely freely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 42 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 44 practice practice VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 45 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 46 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 337 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 3 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 6 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 8 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 11 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 12 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 14 Babylonia[280 Babylonia[280 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 18 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 19 Peninsula[281 Peninsula[281 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 22 Poland[282 Poland[282 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 26 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 27 States[283 States[283 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 33 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 35 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 37 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 39 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 338 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 2 284 284 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 8 expulsions expulsion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 11 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 13 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 14 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 16 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 18 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 20 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 22 1290 1290 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 24 16,000 16,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 27 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 29 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 31 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 34 Statute Statute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 36 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 40 1396 1396 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 42 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 44 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 47 1421 1421 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 48   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 49 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 50 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 51 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 52 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 53 Austria Austria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 339 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 5 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 7 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 8 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 10 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 11 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 340 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 2 285 285 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 6 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 7 Inquisition Inquisition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 9 1492 1492 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 12 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 13 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 15 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 16 200,000 200,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 17 Sephardic Sephardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 18 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 20 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 23 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 24 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 26 Catholic catholic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 27 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 29 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 31 expulsions expulsion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 33 1493 1493 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 35 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 37 37,000 37,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 38 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 41 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 43 1496 1496 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 341 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 2 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 4 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 5 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 8 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 12 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 15 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 16 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 18 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 19 migrating migrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 21 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 22 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 25 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 26 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 342 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 2 286 286 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 6 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 9 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 11 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 13 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 14 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 15 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 17 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 18 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 21 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 23 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 25 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 27 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 29 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 30 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 343 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 2 287 287 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 5 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 8 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 10 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 15 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 16 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 344 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 3 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 4 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 5 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 7 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 13 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 15 1925 1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 345 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 2 288 288 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 5 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 8 pogroms pogrom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 10 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 11 Europe,[257 Europe,[257 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 14 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 16 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 17 antisemitism,[289 antisemitism,[289 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 20 Holocaust,[290 holocaust,[290 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 24 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 26 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 27 nationalism[291 nationalism[291 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 29 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 30 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 32 fuel fuel VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 34 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 36 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 38 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 39 segments segment NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 41 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 42 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 43 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 45 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 47 continent continent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 49 continent continent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 51 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 52 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 53 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 54 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 56 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 57 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 58 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 59 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 60 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 61 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 62 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 63 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 64 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 346 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 2 284 284 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 6 latest late JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 7 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 9 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 12 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 13 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 15 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 16 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 18 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 19 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 21 flee flee VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 22 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 347 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 2 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 3 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 6 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 8 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 9 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 10 Angeles Angeles NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 12 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 14 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 15 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 17 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 18 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 21 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 348 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 1 Smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 2 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 4 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 6 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 8 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 10 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 11 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 349 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 2 292 292 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 4 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 8 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 9 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 10 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 18 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 19 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 21 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 22 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 23 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 24 refuseniks refuseniks NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 27 suddenly suddenly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 28 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 30 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 350 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 2 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 4 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 6 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 8 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 11 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 12 1990s 1990 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 351 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 2 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 4 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 5 Praying pray VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 8 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 9 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 13 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 14 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 21 consistently consistently RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 22 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 24 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 26 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 28 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 30 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 31 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 33 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 34 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 37 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 39 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 40 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 42 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 43 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 44 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 45 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 46 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 352 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 3 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 6 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 7 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 8 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 13 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 15 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 16 declining declining JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 18 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 21 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 23 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 25 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 27 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 28 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 29 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 30 shun shun VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 31 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 32 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 34 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 35 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 37 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 38 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 39 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 40 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 41 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 353 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 2 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 4 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 6 Conservative Conservative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 7 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 8 discourage discourage VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 9 proselytism proselytism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 11 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 12 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 18 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 19 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 20 tried try VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 22 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 23 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 26 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 27 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 28 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 31 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 33 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 35 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 37 reconnect reconnect VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 39 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 40 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 41 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 354 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 3 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 5 principle principle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 6 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 7 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 8 favors favor VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 9 seeking seek VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 11 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 14 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 17 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 20 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 22 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 23 proselytism proselytism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 25 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 26 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 28 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 31 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 33 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 34 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 36 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 37 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 38 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 39 spouses spouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 41 intermarried intermarried JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 42 couples couple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 355 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 2 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 8 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 10 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 11 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 12 reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 13 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 15 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 18 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 20 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 23 stronger strong JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 25 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 26 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 27 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 29 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 30 chance chance NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 32 intermarriage intermarriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 356 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 6 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 12 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 13 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 15 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 16 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 17 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 19 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 20 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 23 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 28 Baal Baal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 29 teshuva teshuva JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 30 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 33 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 34 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 36 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 37 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 38 religiously religiously RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 39 observant observant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 41 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 43 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 44 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 47 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 48 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 49 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 357 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 2 295 295 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 4 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 10 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 11 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 13 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 17 Choice Choice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 19 gentiles gentile NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 21 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 23 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 25 head head VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 28 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 30 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 31 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 358 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 2 296 296 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 4 Contributions Contributions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 7 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 9 contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 11 humanity humanity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 14 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 16 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 17 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 19 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 23 sciences science NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 25 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 27 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 30 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 359 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 2 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 8 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 10 percent[298][299][300][301][302][303 percent[298][299][300][301][302][303 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 13 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 14 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 15 laureates laureate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 20 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 23 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 24 winners winner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 26 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 27 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 360 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 2 304 304 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 5 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 8 won win VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 9 Fields Fields NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 10 Medals,[305][better Medals,[305][better NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 12 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 14 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 16 ACM ACM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 17 Turing Turing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 18 Awards,[306][better Awards,[306][better NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 20 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 22 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 24 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 25 chess chess NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 26 championships championship NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 27 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 28 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 31 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 32 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 33 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 34 chess chess NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 35 players,[307][failed players,[307][faile VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 36 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 39 Westinghouse Westinghouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 40 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 41 Talent Talent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 42 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 43 awards award NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 361 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 2 305][better 305][better CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 4 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 6 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 8 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 10 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 11 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 13 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 14 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 17 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 18 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 20 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 21 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 23 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 25 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 28 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 30 measure measure VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 362 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 4 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 6 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 7 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 9 disputes dispute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 10 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 11 proponents proponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 13 halakhic halakhic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 15 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 17 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 20 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 21 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 22 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 23 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 27 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 28 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 29 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 31 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 32 considerably considerably RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 33 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 36 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 363 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 4 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 7 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 8 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 9 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 10 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 11 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 12 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 13 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 14 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 15 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 16 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 17 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 18 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 19 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 20 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 21 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 22 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 23 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 24 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 25 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 26 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 27 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 28 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 29 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 30 Dashefsky Dashefsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 32 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 34 Della Della NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 35 Pergola Pergola NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 37 Sergio Sergio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 39 Sheskin Sheskin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 41 Ira Ira NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 43 eds ed VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 364 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 365 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 365 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 365 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 365 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 3 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 5 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 8 Report report NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 366 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 367 1 Berman Berman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 367 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 367 3 DataBank DataBank NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 367 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 368 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 368 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 368 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 368 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 368 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 369 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 369 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 369 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 369 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 369 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 369 6 Links Links NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 369 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 369 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 370 1 Beth Beth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 370 2 Hatefutsoth Hatefutsoth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 370 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 371 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 372 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 372 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 372 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 372 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 372 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 373 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 373 2 Kiaris Kiaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 373 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 373 4 Hippokratis Hippokratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 373 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 373 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 373 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 373 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 1 Genes gene NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 3 Polymorphisms Polymorphisms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 6 Making Making NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 8 Societies Societies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 10 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 11 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 12 Behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 13 Traits Traits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 14 Influence Influence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 15 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 16 Cultures Cultures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 374 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 375 1 Universal Universal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 375 2 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 375 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 376 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 376 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 376 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 376 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 7 61233 61233 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 9 093 093 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 377 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 6 Shen Shen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 8 Peidong Peidong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 10 Lavi Lavi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 12 Tal Tal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 14 Kivisild Kivisild NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 16 Toomas Toomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 18 Chou Chou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 20 Vivian Vivian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 22 Sengun Sengun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 24 Deniz Deniz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 26 Gefel Gefel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 28 Dov Dov NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 30 Shpirer Shpirer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 32 Issac Issac NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 34 Woolf Woolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 36 Eilon Eilon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 38 Hillel Hillel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 40 Jossi Jossi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 42 Feldman Feldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 44 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 45 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 46 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 47 Oefner Oefner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 49 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 378 50 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 379 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 379 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 379 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 379 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 379 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 2 Reconstruction reconstruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 4 patrilineages patrilineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 6 matrilineages matrilineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 8 Samaritans Samaritans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 11 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 12 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 14 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 16 Chromosome Chromosome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 18 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 19 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 20 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 21 Variation Variation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 380 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 381 1 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 381 2 Mutation Mutation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 381 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 382 1 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 382 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 382 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 382 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 382 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 382 6 248–260 248–260 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 382 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 383 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 383 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 383 3 humu.20077 humu.20077 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 383 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 384 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 384 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 384 3 15300852 15300852 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 384 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 385 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 385 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 385 3 1571356 1571356 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 385 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 4 Ridolfo Ridolfo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 6 Jim Jim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 386 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 1 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 2 Samaritans Samaritans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 4 Rhetorical Rhetorical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 5 Delivery Delivery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 7 Engagement Engagement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 10 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 11 Humanities Humanities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 387 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 388 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 388 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 388 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 388 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 388 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 389 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 389 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 389 3 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 389 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 7 472 472 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 9 07280 07280 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 390 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 2 Wade Wade NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 4 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 6 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 391 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 2 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 3 Show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 5 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 6 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 7 Similarity Similarity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 392 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 393 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 393 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 393 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 393 4 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 393 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 2 Nebel Nebel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 4 Almut Almut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 6 Filon Filon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 8 Dvora Dvora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 10 Weiss Weiss NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 12 Deborah Deborah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 13 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 15 Weale Weale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 17 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 19 Faerman Faerman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 21 Marina Marina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 23 Oppenheim Oppenheim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 25 Ariella Ariella NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 27 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 29 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 30 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 32 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 33 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 394 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 2 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 4 resolution resolution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 5 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 6 chromosome chromosome NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 7 haplotypes haplotype NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 9 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 11 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 12 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 13 reveal reveal VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 14 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 15 substructure substructure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 17 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 18 overlap overlap NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 20 haplotypes haplotype NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 22 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 395 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 396 1 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 396 2 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 396 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 397 1 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 397 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 397 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 397 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 397 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 397 6 630–641 630–641 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 397 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 398 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 398 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 398 3 s004390000426 s004390000426 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 398 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 399 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 399 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 399 3 11153918 11153918 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 399 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 400 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 400 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 400 3 8136092 8136092 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 400 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 6 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 8 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 9 Brothers Brothers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 10 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 11 Palestinians Palestinians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 13 Syrians Syrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 15 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 16 Lebanese lebanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 401 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 402 1 Sciencedaily.com Sciencedaily.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 402 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 403 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 403 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 403 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 403 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 404 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 404 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 404 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 404 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 404 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 5 Atzmon Atzmon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 7 Gil Gil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 9 Hao Hao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 11 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 13 Pe'er Pe'er NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 15 Itsik Itsik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 17 Velez Velez NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 19 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 21 Pearlman Pearlman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 23 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 25 Palamara Palamara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 27 Pier Pier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 28 Francesco Francesco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 30 Morrow Morrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 32 Bernice Bernice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 34 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 36 Eitan Eitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 38 Oddoux Oddoux NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 40 Carole Carole NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 42 Burns Burns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 44 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 46 Ostrer Ostrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 48 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 50 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 51 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 405 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 2 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 4 Children Children NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 7 Genome genome JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 8 Era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 10 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 12 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 13 Populations Populations NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 14 Comprise Comprise NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 15 Distinct Distinct NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 16 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 17 Clusters Clusters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 19 Shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 20 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 21 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 22 Ancestry Ancestry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 406 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 407 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 407 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 407 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 407 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 407 5 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 407 6 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 407 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 408 1 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 408 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 408 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 408 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 408 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 408 6 850–859 850–859 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 408 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 409 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 409 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 409 3 j.ajhg.2010.04.015 j.ajhg.2010.04.015 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 409 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 410 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 410 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 410 3 3032072 3032072 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 410 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 411 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 411 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 411 3 20560205 20560205 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 411 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 4 Ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 5 minorities minority NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 412 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 413 1 Books.google.co.uk books.google.co.uk UH en-wikipedia-org-3049 413 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 414 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 414 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 414 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 414 4 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 414 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 414 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 415 1 Edgar Edgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 415 2 Litt Litt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 415 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 415 4 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 415 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 415 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 3 Ethno Ethno NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 5 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 6 Involvement Involvement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 8 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 9 Liberalism Liberalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 416 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 417 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 417 2 Forces Forces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 417 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 418 1 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 418 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 418 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 418 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 418 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 418 6 328–32 328–32 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 418 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 419 1 doi:10.2307/2573430 doi:10.2307/2573430 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 419 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 420 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 420 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 420 3 2573430 2573430 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 420 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 421 1 Craig Craig NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 421 2 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 421 3 Prentiss Prentiss NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 421 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 421 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 421 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 421 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 1 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 4 Creation Creation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 6 Race Race NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 8 Ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 10 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 11 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 422 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 423 1 NYU NYU NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 423 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 423 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 424 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 424 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 425 1 85–. 85–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 7 8147 8147 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 9 6700 6700 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 426 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 2 Avraham Avraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 3 Harman Harman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 4 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 6 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 7 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 9 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 10 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 12 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 13 Eli Eli NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 14 Lederhendler Lederhendler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 15 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 16 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 17 Wise Wise NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 18 Professor Professor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 20 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 21 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 22 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 24 Institutions Institutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 26 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 427 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 3 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 4 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 8 XVII XVII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 10 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 11 Owns own VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 12 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 428 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 1 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 2 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 4 Private Private NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 5 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 7 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 11 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 12 XVII XVII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 14 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 15 Owns own VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 16 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 429 17 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 1 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 2 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 4 Private Private NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 5 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 7 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 430 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 431 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 431 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 431 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 431 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 431 5 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 431 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 432 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 432 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 433 1 101–. 101–. 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P. 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K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 508 5 L. L. 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L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 6 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 8 2000),Early 2000),early CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 12 Israelite israelite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 13 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 15 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 17 Written Written NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 18 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 19 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 20 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 22 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 24 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 511 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 1 275–76 275–76 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 3 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 6 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 8 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 9 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 10 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 11 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 13 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 15 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 17 bears bear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 19 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 21 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 22 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 30 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 31 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 32 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 34 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 36 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 37 bears bear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 39 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 40 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 41 signification signification NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 512 43 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 5 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 10 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 11 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 13 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 15 Exilic Exilic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 16 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 18 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 19 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 21 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 513 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 1 47.5 47.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 3 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 5 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 6 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 8 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 11 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 13 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 14 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 16 viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 20 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 23 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 25 Canaanite Canaanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 26 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 30 upshot upshot NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 31 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 514 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 515 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 515 2 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 515 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 515 4 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 515 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 516 1 31–33 31–33 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 516 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 516 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 516 4 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 516 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 516 6 n. n. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 516 7 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 516 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 2 Rainer Rainer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 3 Albertz Albertz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 8 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 10 Exile Exile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 15 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 18 Sixth Sixth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 19 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 517 20 B.C.E. B.C.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 518 1 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 518 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 518 3 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 518 4 Lit Lit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 518 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 518 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 518 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 1 45ff 45ff LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 3 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 6 exilic exilic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 7 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 8 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 10 gaping gape VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 11 hole hole NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 14 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 15 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 18 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 20 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 21 reconstruction reconstruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 24 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 25 faces face VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 26 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 27 insurmountable insurmountable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 28 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 519 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 3 premonarchic premonarchic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 7 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 8 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 9 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 12 exilic exilic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 15 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 16 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 19 bright bright JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 20 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 22 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 23 Near near IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 24 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 25 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 27 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 28 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 29 obscure obscure JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 520 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 4 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 5 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 6 Israelite israelite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 7 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 10 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 11 recourse recourse NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 14 try try VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 16 cast cast VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 18 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 21 darkness darkness NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 24 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 27 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 28 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 29 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 30 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 31 dominion dominion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 32 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 33 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 35 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 36 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 521 38 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 522 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 522 2 Marvin Marvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 522 3 Perry Perry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 522 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 522 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 522 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 522 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 1 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 2 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 5 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 8 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 9 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 11 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 12 1789 1789 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 523 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 524 1 Cengage cengage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 524 2 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 524 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 525 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 525 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 525 3 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 525 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 7 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 9 83720 83720 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 526 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 527 1 Botticini Botticini NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 527 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 527 3 Maristella Maristella NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 527 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 527 5 Zvi Zvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 527 6 Eckstein Eckstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 527 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 2 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 3 Farmers Farmers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 5 Merchants Merchants NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 7 Voluntary Voluntary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 8 Conversions Conversions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 10 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 12 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 13 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 14 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 15 Interpretation Interpretation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 17 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 528 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 529 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 529 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 530 1 18–19 18–19 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 530 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 531 1 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 531 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 531 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 532 1 Accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 532 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 532 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 532 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 532 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 3 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 4 toll toll NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 7 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 8 Revolt Revolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 9 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 12 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 13 amounted amount VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 15 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 16 600,000 600,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 17 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 19 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 21 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 22 Kokhba Kokhba NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 23 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 25 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 26 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 28 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 30 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 31 500,000 500,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 32 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 533 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 1 Massacres massacre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 2 account account VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 4 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 5 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 6 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 9 decrease decrease NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 13 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 15 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 534 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 5 migrated migrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 7 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 10 revolts revolt NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 11 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 14 worse bad JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 15 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 16 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 535 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 2 accounting account VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 4 massacres massacre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 6 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 11 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 12 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 14 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 15 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 18 decrease decrease NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 21 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 24 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 26 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 27 1–1.3 1–1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 28 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 33 explained explain VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 36 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 37 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 536 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 537 1 Boyarin Boyarin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 537 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 537 3 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 537 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 537 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 537 6 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 537 7 Boyarin Boyarin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 537 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 538 1 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 538 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 1 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 3 Generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 6 Ground Ground NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 9 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 539 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 2 714 714 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 4 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 7 crucial crucial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 9 recognize recognize VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 13 conception conception NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 16 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 18 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 20 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 23 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 26 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 28 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 30 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 32 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 33 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 36 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 38 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 41 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 540 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 1 Somehow somehow RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 5 managed manage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 7 retain retain VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 9 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 11 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 12 rooted root VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 13 somewhere somewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 16 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 18 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 19 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 21 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 23 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 24 someplace someplace NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 26 organic organic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 27 metaphors metaphor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 30 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 32 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 34 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 35 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 39 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 40 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 41 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 43 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 44 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 541 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 3 profoundly profoundly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 4 disturbing disturbing JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 6 hear hear VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 8 attachment attachment NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 11 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 12 decried decry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 14 regressive regressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 17 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 18 discursive discursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 19 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 23 attachment attachment NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 25 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 26 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 28 Australians Australians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 31 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 32 rocks rock NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 34 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 37 deserts desert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 39 celebrated celebrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 42 organic organic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 43 connection connection NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 46 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 47 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 48 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 49 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 50 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 51 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 52 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 54 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 55 714 714 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 542 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 1 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 3 Robin Robin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 8 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 9 Diasporas Diasporas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 11 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 12 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 543 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 544 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 544 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 544 3 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 544 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 544 5 UCL UCL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 544 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 544 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 3 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 5 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 6 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 8 connotes connote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 9 captivity captivity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 11 oppression oppression NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 14 rereading rereading NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 17 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 18 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 20 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 22 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 24 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 26 demonstrate demonstrate VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 28 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 31 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 32 creative creative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 33 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 36 challenging challenging JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 38 pluralistic pluralistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 39 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 40 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 42 natal natal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 43 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 545 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 3 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 4 destroyed destroy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 6 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 7 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 9 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 10 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 14 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 16 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 19 nerve- nerve- NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 21 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 23 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 26 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 28 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 29 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 31 crushing crushing NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 34 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 37 Judaeans Judaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 38 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 40 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 43 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 46 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 47 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 48 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 50 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 51 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 52 Titus Titus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 54 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 55 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 56 precisely precisely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 57 confirmed confirm VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 59 catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 60 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 546 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 1 Once once RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 2 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 7 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 9 sustain sustain VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 11 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 12 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 15 scattered scatter VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 18 far far JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 19 corners corner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 22 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 25 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 26 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 547 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 1 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 11 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 12 Kochba Kochba NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 13 Revolt Revolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 17 HarperPerennial HarperPerennial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 19 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 21 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 548 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 1 158–61 158–61 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 4 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 5 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 6 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 7 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 12 Epitome epitome NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 14 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 15 LXIX LXIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 16 para para NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 549 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 1 13–14 13–14 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 3 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 5 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 6 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 7 separately separately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 9 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 11 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 14 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 15 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 16 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 18 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 20 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 21 exaggerated exaggerated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 24 casualties casualty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 25 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 27 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 30 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 31 inflicted inflict VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 34 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 35 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 36 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 37 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 38 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 550 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 3 Jerome Jerome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 9 sold sell VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 11 slavery slavery NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 13 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 16 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 20 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 23 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 26 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 27 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 29 Hebron Hebron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 30 sank sink VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 31 drastically drastically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 34 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 35 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 36 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 37 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 38 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 41 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 551 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 2 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 3 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 6 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 8 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 9 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 552 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 553 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 553 2 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 553 3 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 553 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 553 5 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 553 6 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 553 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 553 8 the the DT 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P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 25 Aelius Aelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 26 Hadrianus Hadrianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 28 Capitolina Capitolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 29 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 30 Jupiter Jupiter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 31 Capitolinus Capitolinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 554 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 4 forbidden forbid VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 6 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 8 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 10 set set VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 11 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 14 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 16 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 555 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 1 Aelia Aelia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 2 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 5 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 6 pagan pagan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 7 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 9 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 10 doubt doubt NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 13 corresponding correspond VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 14 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 15 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 17 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 18 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 19 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 20 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 21 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 23 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 26 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 28 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 30 erected erect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 33 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 35 Aelia Aelia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 38 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 39 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 40 tantamount tantamount JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 42 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 45 desecration desecration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 47 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 48 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 556 50 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 557 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 557 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 557 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 1 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 2 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 7 Epitome epitome NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 9 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 10 LXIX LXIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 11 para para NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 558 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 1 13–14 13–14 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 4 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 5 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 6 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 8 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 9 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 10 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 11 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 13 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 559 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 1 Soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 3 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 6 Judaea Judaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 9 stirred stir VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 10 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 15 everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 17 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 18 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 20 disturbance disturbance NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 23 gathering gather VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 24 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 27 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 28 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 30 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 31 hostility hostility NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 34 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 36 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 38 secret secret JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 40 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 42 overt overt JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 43 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 45 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 46 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 47 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 48 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 50 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 52 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 53 joining join VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 54 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 55 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 56 eagerness eagerness NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 57 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 58 gain gain NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 62 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 63 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 65 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 66 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 67 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 68 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 70 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 71 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 72 stirred stir VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 73 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 74 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 76 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 560 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 1 Then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 3 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 5 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 6 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 7 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 8 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 10 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 11 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 561 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 1 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 5 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 6 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 10 dispatched dispatch VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 12 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 14 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 17 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 19 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 21 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 562 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 2 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 3 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 5 venture venture VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 7 attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 9 opponents opponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 12 open open NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 14 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 16 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 19 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 22 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 25 desperation desperation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 29 intercepting intercept VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 30 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 31 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 33 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 36 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 38 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 39 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 41 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 42 under under NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 44 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 48 depriving deprive VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 49 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 51 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 53 shutting shut VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 54 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 55 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 57 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 58 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 59 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 61 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 62 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 64 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 65 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 66 sure sure JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 68 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 69 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 70 comparatively comparatively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 71 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 72 danger danger NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 74 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 75 crush crush VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 77 exhaust exhaust VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 79 exterminate exterminate VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 80 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 563 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 564 1 Very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 564 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 564 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 564 4 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 564 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 564 6 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 564 7 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 564 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 1 Fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 5 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 6 outposts outpost NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 8 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 9 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 11 eighty eighty CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 13 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 16 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 17 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 18 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 20 razed raze VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 23 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 565 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 1 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 2 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 4 eighty eighty CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 5 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 6 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 8 slain slay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 11 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 12 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 14 battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 18 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 20 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 22 perished perish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 24 famine famine NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 26 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 28 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 30 past past RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 31 finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 32 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 566 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 2 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 3 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 5 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 7 Judaea Judaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 9 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 10 desolate desolate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 13 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 19 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 20 forewarning forewarn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 21 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 23 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 567 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 3 tomb tomb NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 5 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 10 regard regard VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 13 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 15 veneration veneration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 17 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 19 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 21 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 23 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 26 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 27 wolves wolf NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 29 hyenas hyena NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 30 rushed rush VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 31 howling howl VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 32 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 34 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 568 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 2 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 3 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 5 moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 7 perished perish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 10 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 569 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 2 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 4 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 7 senate senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 8 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 10 employ employ VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 12 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 13 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 14 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 15 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 18 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 20 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 21 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 22 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 24 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 25 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 28 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 32 well well JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 34 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 37 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 38 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 40 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 41 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 44 para para NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 570 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 571 1 13–14 13–14 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 571 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 571 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 572 1 Safran Safran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 572 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 572 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 572 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 573 1 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 573 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 3 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 6 Comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 8 Theoretical Theoretical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 9 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 574 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 1 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 8 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 575 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 2 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 3 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 6 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 7 diaspora diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 8 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 11 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 12 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 13 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 14 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 15 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 18 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 21 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 24 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 25 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 28 dispersal dispersal NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 29 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 30 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 31 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 34 globe globe NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 576 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 1 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 3 galut galut NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 5 connoted connote VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 6 deracination deracination NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 8 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 9 disabilities disability NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 11 oppression oppression NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 15 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 16 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 17 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 20 hostland hostland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 21 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 22 hospitality hospitality NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 24 unreliable unreliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 26 ephemeral ephemeral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 577 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 3 connoted connote VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 5 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 7 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 8 soil soil NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 11 expatriate expatriate NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 12 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 14 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 16 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 19 transitory transitory JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 578 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 4 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 6 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 8 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 10 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 11 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 14 ethnonational ethnonational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 15 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 16 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 17 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 19 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 21 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 579 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 2 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 6 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 8 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 10 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 11 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 14 narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 17 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 580 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 1 Gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 4 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 5 adjusted adjust VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 8 hostland hostland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 9 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 12 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 14 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 16 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 17 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 581 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 1 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 3 while while NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 8 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 10 cultivate cultivate VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 12 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 14 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 17 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 582 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 583 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 583 2 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 583 3 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 583 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 583 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 584 1 Sheffer sheffer VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 584 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 584 3 Gabriel Gabriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 584 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 585 1 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 585 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 586 1 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 586 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 586 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 586 4 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 586 5 Unique Unique NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 586 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 587 1 Reflections reflection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 587 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 587 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 587 4 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 587 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 587 6 Current Current NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 587 7 Situation Situation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 587 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 1 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 588 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 1 3–4 3–4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 3 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 6 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 11 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 12 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 13 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 14 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 16 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 22 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 23 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 27 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 28 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 589 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 2 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 4 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 6 buttressed buttress VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 9 equally equally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 10 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 11 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 15 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 17 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 21 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 25 exceptional exceptional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 26 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 27 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 29 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 30 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 33 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 34 traumatic traumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 35 experiences experience NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 36 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 37 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 38 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 40 survive survive VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 41 pogroms pogrom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 43 exiles exile NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 46 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 48 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 49 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 51 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 52 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 53 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 54 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 56 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 57 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 58 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 59 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 61 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 63 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 64 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 66 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 67 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 68 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 69 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 71 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 72 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 73 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 74 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 75 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 76 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 77 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 79 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 80 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 81 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 82 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 83 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 84 established established JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 85 diasporas diaspora NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 88 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 89 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 90 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 91 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 92 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 93 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 94 regard regard VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 95 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 96 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 97 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 98 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 99 Galut Galut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 100 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 101 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 102 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 103 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 104 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 105 host host NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 106 countries. countries. NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 107 … … . en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 108 Perceptually perceptually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 109 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 110 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 111 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 112 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 113 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 115 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 116 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 117 reside reside VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 118 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 119 host host NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 120 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 121 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 122 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 123 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 124 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 125 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 126 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 127 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 128 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 129 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 130 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 131 inertia inertia NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 132 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 133 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 134 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 135 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 136 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 137 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 138 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 139 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 140 prevailing prevail VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 141 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 142 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 143 hostlands hostland NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 144 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 145 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 146 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 147 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 590 148 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 2 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 5 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 6 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 10 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 12 existential existential JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 13 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 16 hostlands hostland NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 18 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 591 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 1 Consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 5 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 7 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 8 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 9 self- self- NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 11 collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 13 legitimatization legitimatization NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 15 refrain refrain VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 17 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 18 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 19 plans plan NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 20 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 22 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 25 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 27 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 28 Aliyah Aliyah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 32 emigrate emigrate VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 36 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 37 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 41 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 592 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 3 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 6 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 9 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 11 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 12 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 13 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 14 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 16 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 17 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 18 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 21 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 23 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 24 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 27 host host NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 28 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 593 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 2 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 9 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 11 hosts host NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 13 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 15 regard regard VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 17 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 18 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 20 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 22 diasporic diasporic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 23 formations formation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 25 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 26 hostlands hostland NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 28 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 31 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 33 ashamed ashamed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 36 hide hide VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 38 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 41 alter alter NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 43 returning return VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 46 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 47 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 50 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 51 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 594 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 1 Davies davy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 6 Finkelstein Finkelstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 8 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 10 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 12 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 13 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 15 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 595 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 11 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 14 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 15 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 596 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 597 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 597 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 597 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 597 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 9 77248 77248 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 598 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 2 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 4 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 6 985 985 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 11 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 12 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 15 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 16 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 17 hyperbolic hyperbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 19 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 20 Judaean judaean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 21 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 23 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 24 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 26 excavated excavate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 27 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 28 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 30 razed raze VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 31 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 33 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 34 Kochba Kochba NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 35 Revolt Revolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 599 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 2 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 3 supports support VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 5 impression impression NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 7 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 8 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 9 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 10 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 12 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 600 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 1 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 2 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 3 note note VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 5 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 8 captives captive NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 9 sold sell VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 11 slavery slavery NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 13 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 15 shipped ship VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 16 abroad abroad RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 601 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 602 1 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 2 Judaean judaean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 4 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 5 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 6 recovered recover VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 9 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 10 Kochba Kochba NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 11 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 603 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 3 wake wake NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 6 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 7 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 8 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 10 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 12 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 17 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 18 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 21 Galilee Galilee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 604 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 1 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 4 subjected subject VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 7 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 9 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 10 edicts edict NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 11 promulgated promulgate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 13 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 16 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 18 uproot uproot VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 20 nationalistic nationalistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 21 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 24 Judaean judaean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 26 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 28 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 29 proclamations proclamation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 30 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 32 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 33 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 34 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 36 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 38 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 605 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 2 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 5 lasting last VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 6 punitive punitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 7 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 8 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 11 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 12 involved involve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 13 expunging expunge VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 14 Judaea Judaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 17 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 18 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 20 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 23 Provincia Provincia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 24 Judaea Judaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 26 Provincia Provincia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 27 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 28 Palestina Palestina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 606 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 3 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 4 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 5 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 6 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 8 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 9 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 14 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 16 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 17 expunged expunge VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 20 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 22 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 607 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 1 Dalit Dalit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 2 Rom Rom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 4 Shiloni Shiloni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 6 Exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 7 Inclusivity inclusivity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 9 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 10 Conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 11 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 13 Exiles Exiles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 16 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 18 Remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 20 6th–5th 6th–5th CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 21 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 22 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 25 A&C A&C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 26 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 28 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 29 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 30 xv xv NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 31 n.3 n.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 33 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 34 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 36 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 38 biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 39 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 42 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 44 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 47 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 48 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 49 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 50 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 52 fierce fierce JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 53 adversarial adversarial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 54 relationship(s relationship(s NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 56 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 58 Judean judean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 59 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 608 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 1 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 2 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 4 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 6 sympathy sympathy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 9 deported deported JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 10 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 13 dislocation dislocation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 15 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 16 empathic empathic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 17 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 18 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 20 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 21 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 22 Remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 23 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 24 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 25 subjugation subjugation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 27 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 609 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 2 opposite opposite NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 4 apparent apparent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 6 hostile hostile JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 8 denigrating denigrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 11 denunciating denunciate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 13 characterizes characterize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 15 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 17 resident resident NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 19 exiled exile VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 20 Judeans Judeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 21 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 23 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 25 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 26 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 610 28 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 2 p. p. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 3 xvii xvii NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 6 Dosick Dosick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 611 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 612 1 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 612 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 612 3 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 612 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 7 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 10 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 12 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 613 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 614 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 614 2 Virtual Virtual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 614 3 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 614 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 5 . . CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 7 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 11 Year Year NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 12 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 615 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 616 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 616 2 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 616 3 Committee Committee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 616 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 3 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 4 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 5 Basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 6 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 7 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 9 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 617 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 618 1 www.projetaladin.org www.projetaladin.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 618 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 619 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 619 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 619 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 619 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 619 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 620 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 620 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 620 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 620 4 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 620 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 620 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 621 1 HISTORY.com history.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 621 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 622 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 622 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 622 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 622 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 622 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 4 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 5 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 7 0.2 0.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 8 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 10 mankind mankind NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 623 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 624 1 ynetnews ynetnew NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 624 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 625 1 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 625 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 625 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 2 Pfeffer Pfeffer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 4 Anshel Anshel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 626 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 3 Agency agency NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 5 13.2 13.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 6 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 8 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 10 eve eve NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 12 Rosh Rosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 13 Hashanah Hashanah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 15 5768 5768 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 627 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 628 1 Haaretz Haaretz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 628 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 629 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 630 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 630 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 630 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 630 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 630 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 3 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 4 amendment amendment NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 8 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 10 Return Return NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 11 defines define VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 13 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 18 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 21 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 25 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 27 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 28 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 29 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 31 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 33 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 37 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 39 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 40 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 631 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 632 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 632 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 632 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 632 4 Return Return NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 632 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 632 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 3 Maimonides Maimonides NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 5 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 6 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 8 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 633 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 634 1 utm.edu utm.edu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 634 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 635 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 635 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 635 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 635 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 635 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 2 Sekine Sekine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 4 Seizo Seizo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 7 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 636 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 2 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 3 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 6 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 8 Ethical Ethical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 9 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 11 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 13 Hebraism Hebraism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 637 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 638 1 Sheed Sheed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 638 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 638 3 Ward Ward NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 638 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 7 4616 4616 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 9 7459 7459 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 639 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 2 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 6 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 8 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 9 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 10 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 11 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 12 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 13 Daly Daly NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 15 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 640 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 2 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 4 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 5 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 8 Comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 12 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 641 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 642 1 A&C A&C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 642 2 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 642 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 643 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 643 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 644 1 21–. 21–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 7 4411 4411 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 9 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 645 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 2 Upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 4 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 6 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 9 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 10 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 12 monotheistic monotheistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 13 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 14 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 16 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 18 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 646 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 1 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 3 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 7 added add VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 9 leaven leaven NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 11 astonishing astonishing JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 12 creativity creativity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 14 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 16 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 18 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 20 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 23 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 27 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 30 leadership leadership NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 31 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 647 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 3 Broadway Broadway NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 4 Musicals Musicals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 8 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 648 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 649 1 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 649 2 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 649 3 Scene Scene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 649 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 2 Roni Roni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 3 Caryn Caryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 4 Rabin Rabin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 5 Exhibition Exhibition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 6 Traces trace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 8 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 12 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 13 innovators innovator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 17 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 18 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 20 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 21 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 22 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 650 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 651 1 Accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 651 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 651 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 651 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 651 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 652 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 652 2 Shatzmiller Shatzmiller NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 652 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 652 4 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 652 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 1 Doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 3 Princes Princes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 5 Paupers Paupers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 9 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 12 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 13 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 653 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 654 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 654 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 654 3 U u NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 654 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 654 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 654 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 654 7 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 654 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 655 1 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 655 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 656 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 656 2 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 656 3 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 656 4 Dimont Dimont NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 656 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 656 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 656 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 656 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 657 1 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 657 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 657 3 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 657 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 657 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 657 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 657 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 658 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 658 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 658 3 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 658 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 659 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 659 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 660 1 102–. 102–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 7 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 9 14225 14225 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 661 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 2 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 4 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 5 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 6 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 7 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 10 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 12 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 15 domination domination NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 18 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 19 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 21 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 23 admitted admit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 25 canonized canonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 26 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 28 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 29 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 30 comprising comprise VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 32 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 33 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 34 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 36 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 37 Julie Julie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 38 Galambush Galambush NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 40 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 662 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 2 Reluctant Reluctant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 3 Parting parting NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 5 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 8 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 11 Writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 12 Created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 14 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 15 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 663 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 664 1 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 664 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 665 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 665 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 666 1 3–. 3–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 7 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 9 210475 210475 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 667 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 3 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 5 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 8 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 10 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 12 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 13 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 18 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 20 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 22 produces produce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 25 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 28 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 29 answers answer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 30 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 32 experiences experience NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 34 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 37 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 39 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 40 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 41 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 42 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 43 Barclay Barclay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 45 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 46 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 47 McMurdo McMurdo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 48 Sweet Sweet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 50 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 668 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 669 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 669 2 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 669 3 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 669 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 669 5 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 669 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 669 7 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 669 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 670 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 670 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 670 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 670 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 671 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 671 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 672 1 20–. 20–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 9 46285 46285 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 673 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 3 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 4 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 8 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 10 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 13 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 15 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 16 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 17 Andrea Andrea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 18 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 19 Paterson Paterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 21 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 674 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 1 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 2 Monotheistic monotheistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 3 Faiths Faiths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 7 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 9 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 11 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 12 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 14 Brief Brief NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 15 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 675 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 676 1 AuthorHouse AuthorHouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 676 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 677 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 677 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 678 1 41–. 41–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 7 4520 4520 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 9 3049 3049 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 679 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 2 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 4 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 7 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 9 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 11 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 12 derives derive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 14 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 16 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 17 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 20 Qur'an Qur'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 22 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 24 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 680 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 2 dietary dietary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 4 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 5 codes code NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 7 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 11 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 13 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 681 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 2 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 3 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 6 mosque mosque NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 9 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 10 house house NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 12 worship worship NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 14 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 19 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 20 synagogues synagogue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 682 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 2 communal communal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 3 prayer prayer NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 4 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 6 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 9 devotional devotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 10 routines routine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 11 resembles resemble VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 12 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 14 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 683 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 4 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 5 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 8 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 10 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 11 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 13 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 14 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 15 Aspects Aspects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 18 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 20 Hebraism hebraism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 22 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 23 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 26 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 28 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 30 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 31 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 34 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 36 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 37 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 39 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 43 precursor precursor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 45 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 47 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 48 indirectly indirectly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 49 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 50 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 51 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 52 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 53 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 54 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 55 shaping shape VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 57 ideals ideal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 59 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 61 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 62 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 63 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 65 christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 66 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 684 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 2 Role Role NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 4 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 6 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 7 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 9 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 12 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 14 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 16 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 17 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 20 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 22 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 23 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 24 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 27 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 28 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 30 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 33 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 34 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 35 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 38 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 685 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 1 Judaism judaism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 3 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 4 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 6 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 9 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 11 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 14 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 15 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 17 Facts Facts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 18 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 19 File File NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 20 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 22 Infobase Infobase NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 23 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 25 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 28 336 336 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 29 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 31 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 34 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 35 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 36 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 686 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 2 Botterweck Botterweck NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 5 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 7 Ringgren Ringgren NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 9 Helmer Helmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 11 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-3049 687 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 688 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 688 2 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 688 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 688 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 689 1 Theological Theological NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 689 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 689 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 689 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 689 5 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 689 6 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 689 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 1 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 2 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 4 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 7 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 8 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 9 Rapids Rapids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 11 Mich. Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 13 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 14 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 15 Eerdmans Eerdmans NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 690 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 691 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 691 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 692 1 483–84 483–84 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 692 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 7 8028 8028 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 9 2329 2329 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 693 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 2 Grintz Grintz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 4 Yehoshua Yehoshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 694 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 695 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 695 2 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 695 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 695 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 696 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 696 2 Fred Fred NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 696 3 Skolnik Skolnik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 696 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 696 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 696 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 696 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 696 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 697 1 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 697 2 Judaica Judaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 697 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 698 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 698 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 698 3 2d 2d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 698 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 698 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 698 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 698 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 698 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 699 1 Farmington Farmington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 699 2 Hills Hills NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 699 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 699 4 Mich. Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 699 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 699 6 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 699 7 Gale Gale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 699 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 700 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 700 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 700 3 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 700 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 7 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 9 865928 865928 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 701 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 702 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 702 2 Falk Falk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 702 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 702 4 Avner Avner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 702 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 702 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 702 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 702 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 703 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 703 2 Psychoanalytic psychoanalytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 703 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 703 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 703 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 703 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 703 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 1 Madison Madison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 3 N.J. New Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 5 Fairleigh Fairleigh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 6 Dickinson Dickinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 704 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 705 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 705 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 705 3 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 705 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 5 8386 8386 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 7 3660 3660 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 706 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 707 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 707 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 707 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 707 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 707 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 1 Merriam Merriam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 3 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 5 Collegiate Collegiate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 6 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 8 11th 11th NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 708 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 709 1 Springfield Springfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 709 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 709 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 709 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 709 5 Merriam Merriam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 709 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 709 7 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 709 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 710 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 710 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 710 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 710 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 710 5 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 710 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 5 87779 87779 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 7 809 809 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 711 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 2 Kleinedler Kleinedler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 4 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 6 Spitz Spitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 8 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 10 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 12 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 13 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 15 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 712 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 713 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 713 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 713 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 713 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 3 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 4 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 6 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 7 Usage Usage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 9 Style Style NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 714 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 715 1 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 715 2 Mifflin Mifflin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 715 3 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 715 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 716 1 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 716 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 7 618 618 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 9 60499 60499 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 717 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 718 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 718 2 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 718 3 Neusner Neusner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 718 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 718 5 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 718 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 718 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 4 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 7 Textbook Textbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 9 Reader Reader NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 719 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 720 1 Westminster Westminster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 720 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 720 3 Knox Knox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 720 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 720 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 721 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 721 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 722 1 375–. 375–. LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 7 664 664 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 9 25348 25348 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 723 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 2 That that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 7 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 9 hardly hardly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 11 denied deny VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 14 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 17 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 19 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 21 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 22 Brandeis Brandeis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 24 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 26 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 27 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 28 1915 1915 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 724 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 4 Problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 6 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 7 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 8 Solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 9 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 725 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 726 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 726 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 726 3 Louisville Louisville NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 726 4 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 726 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 726 6 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 726 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 727 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 727 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 727 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 727 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 727 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 1 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 4 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 5 nationality nationality NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 8 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 9 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 11 whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 13 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 16 station station NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 18 shade shade NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 20 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 23 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 25 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 27 Palmer Palmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 29 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 30 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 32 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 34 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 35 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 36 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 37 1874 1874 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 728 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 6 Nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 8 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 10 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 11 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 14 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 15 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 729 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 730 1 Gorgias Gorgias NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 730 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 730 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 7 931956 931956 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 9 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 731 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 732 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 732 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 732 3 51578088 51578088 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 732 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 733 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 733 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 733 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 733 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 733 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 734 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 734 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 734 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 2 Einstein Einstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 4 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 8 1921 1921 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 735 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 3 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 4 Became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 6 Zionist zionist NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 736 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 737 1 Einstein Einstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 737 2 Papers Papers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 737 3 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 737 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 738 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 738 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 738 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 738 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 10 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 739 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 740 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 740 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 740 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 740 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 740 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 3 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 6 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 7 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 9 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 10 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 11 Gordis Gordis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 13 Zachary Zachary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 14 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 15 Heller Heller NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 17 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 741 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 2 Secularity Secularity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 5 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 7 Roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 10 Challenges Challenges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 12 Relevant Relevant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 13 Meaning Meaning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 742 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 743 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 743 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 743 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 743 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 743 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 744 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 744 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 745 1 1–. 1–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 7 7618 7618 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 9 5793 5793 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 15 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 18 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 21 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 23 embraces embrace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 25 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 26 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 27 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 29 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 30 Seth Seth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 31 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 32 Kunin Kunin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 34 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 746 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 747 1 Themes Themes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 747 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 747 3 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 747 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 747 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 747 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 748 1 A&C A&C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 748 2 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 748 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 749 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 749 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 750 1 1–. 1–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 7 304 304 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 9 33758 33758 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 14 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 15 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 16 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 18 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 21 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 24 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 26 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 27 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 29 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 30 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 31 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 33 subdivided subdivide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 34 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 35 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 36 analytical analytical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 37 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 38 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 40 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 41 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 42 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 43 Mendes Mendes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 45 Flohr Flohr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 47 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 751 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 1 Divided Divided NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 2 Passions Passions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 5 Intellectuals Intellectuals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 8 Experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 10 Modernity Modernity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 752 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 753 1 Wayne Wayne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 753 2 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 753 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 753 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 753 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 754 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 754 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 755 1 421–. 421–. 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D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 763 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 763 7 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 763 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 763 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 764 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 764 2 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 764 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 764 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 764 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 764 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 764 7 Students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 764 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 765 1 Sussex Sussex NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 765 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 765 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 765 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 766 1 p. p. 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- HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 818 26 Eighth Eighth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 818 27 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 818 28 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 818 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 819 1 Wipf Wipf NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 819 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 819 3 Stock Stock NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 819 4 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 819 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 820 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 820 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 821 1 64–66 64–66 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 821 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 7 4982 4982 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 9 8143 8143 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 822 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 2 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 4 Ada Ada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 6 Kangas Kangas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 8 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 9 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 11 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 823 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 1 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 2 Reliefs Reliefs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 5 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 7 Ashurnasirpal Ashurnasirpal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 11 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 12 Biography Biography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 824 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 825 1 UPNE UPNE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 825 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 826 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 826 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 826 3 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 826 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 7 58465 58465 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 9 817 817 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 827 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 828 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 828 2 Ostrer Ostrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 828 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 828 4 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 828 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 828 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 828 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 828 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 1 Legacy legacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 4 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 9 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 829 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 5 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 6 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 830 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 9 537961 537961 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 831 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 2 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 4 Killebrew Killebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 6 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 7 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 9 Ethnicity Ethnicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 832 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 2 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 3 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 5 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 7 Canaanites Canaanites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 9 Philistines Philistines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 12 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 13 1300–1100 1300–1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 833 14 B.C.E. B.C.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 2 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 4 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 8 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 10 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 11 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 13 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 14 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 15 Schama Schama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 17 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 19 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 834 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 2 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 7 Finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 9 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 10 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 11 BC–1492 BC–1492 NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 12 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 835 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 836 1 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 836 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 7 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 9 233944 233944 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 837 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 2 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 6 broader broad JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 7 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 13 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 15 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 16 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 17 belonging belong VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 20 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 21 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 23 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 25 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 26 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 28 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 31 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 34 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 35 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 36 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 38 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 40 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 42 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 45 Hebrews Hebrews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 48 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 49 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 838 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 4 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 7 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 9 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 10 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 11 Hebrews Hebrews NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 13 ʿIvrim ʿIvrim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 17 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 19 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 21 Yisreʾelim Yisreʾelim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 25 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 28 entrance entrance NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 29 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 31 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 32 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 35 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 38 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 39 Exile Exile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 41 538 538 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 42   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 43 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 839 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 1 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 3 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 4 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 6 Ostrer Ostrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 8 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 10 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 840 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 1 Legacy legacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 4 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 9 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 841 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 842 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 842 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 842 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 842 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 842 5 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 842 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 9 970205 970205 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 843 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 844 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 844 2 Brenner Brenner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 844 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 844 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 844 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 844 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 844 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 844 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 845 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 845 2 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 845 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 845 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 845 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 845 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 845 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 846 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 846 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 846 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 846 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 7 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 9 14351 14351 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 847 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 848 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 848 2 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 848 3 , , , 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 850 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 4 Broshi Broshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 6 Maguen Maguen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 851 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 852 1 Bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 852 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 852 3 Wine Wine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 852 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 852 5 Walls Walls NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 852 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 852 7 Scrolls scroll NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 852 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 853 1 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 853 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 853 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 854 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 854 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 854 3 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 854 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 5 84127 84127 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 7 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 855 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 3 Israelite israelite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 4 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 5 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 6 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 7 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 9 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 11 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 13 seals seal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 14 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 16 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 17 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 856 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 857 1 www.haaretz.com www.haaretz.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 857 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 858 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 858 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 858 3 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 858 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 858 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 4 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 5 Retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 859 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 860 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 860 2 Dever Dever NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 860 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 860 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 860 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 860 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 860 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 860 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 2 Did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 4 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 5 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 6 Know Know NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 9 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 10 Did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 11 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 12 Know know VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 13 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 861 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 862 1 Eerdmans eerdman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 862 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 863 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 863 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 864 1 98–99 98–99 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 864 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 5 927120 927120 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 7 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 865 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 3 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 5 exhaustive exhaustive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 6 investigation investigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 9 respectable respectable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 10 archaeologists archaeologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 12 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 13 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 14 hope hope NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 16 recovering recover VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 17 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 18 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 20 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 21 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 22 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 24 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 27 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 28 credible credible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 30 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 31 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 33 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 34 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 36 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 37 investigation investigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 39 Moses Moses NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 42 Exodus Exodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 43 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 44 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 45 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 46 discarded discard VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 49 fruitless fruitless JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 50 pursuit pursuit NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 866 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 867 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 867 2 Tubb Tubb NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 867 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 867 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 867 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 867 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 867 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 1 13–14[full 13–14[full CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 6 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 7 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 12 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 14 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 16 Yahweh yahweh NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 18 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 19 Deities Deities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 21 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 22 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 24 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 26 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 28 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 29 regnant regnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 30 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 33 Canaanites Canaanites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 35 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 37 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 39 fundamentally fundamentally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 40 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 41 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 43 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 44 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 45 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 46 casts cast VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 47 doubt doubt NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 48 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 49 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 50 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 868 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 2 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 3 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 6 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 7 exhibits exhibit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 8 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 9 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 10 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 12 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 14 Canaanites Canaanites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 17 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 18 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 19 period period VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 869 21 c. c. 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C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 886 56 Yoder Yoder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 886 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 886 58 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 886 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 886 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 1 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 3 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 6 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 8 Judges Judges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 10 Men men NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 12 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 14 Valor Valor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 887 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 888 1 Fortress Fortress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 888 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 888 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 889 1 p. p. 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 896 4 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 896 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 896 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 896 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 896 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 5 Israelite israelite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 6 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 8 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 10 Written Written NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 11 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 12 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 13 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 897 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 898 1 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 898 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 899 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 899 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 899 3 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 899 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 3 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 7 11943 11943 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 900 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 2 Hjelm Hjelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 4 Ingrid Ingrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 6 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 8 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 9 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 901 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 902 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 902 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 902 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 902 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 3 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 6 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 7 Forty Forty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 8 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 9 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 11 Historicity Historicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 14 Changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 15 Perspectives perspective NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 903 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 904 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 904 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 905 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 905 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 905 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 905 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 7 317 317 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 9 42815 42815 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 906 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 907 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 907 2 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 907 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 907 4 Davies Davies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 907 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 907 6 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 907 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 907 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 2 Search search NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 10 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 12 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 13 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 908 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 909 1 A&C A&C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 909 2 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 909 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 910 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 910 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 910 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 910 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 7 85075 85075 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 9 737 737 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 911 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 912 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 912 2 Lipschits Lipschits NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 912 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 912 4 Oded Oded NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 912 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 912 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 912 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 912 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 5 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 8 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 9 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 913 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 2 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 4 Adele Adele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 6 Brettler Brettler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 8 Marc Marc NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 9 Zvi Zvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 914 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 3 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 4 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 6 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 915 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 916 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 916 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 916 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 916 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 9 997846 997846 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 917 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 5 Finkelstein Finkelstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 7 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 9 Silberman Silberman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 11 Neil Neil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 12 Asher Asher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 14 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 918 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 2 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 3 unearthed unearth VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 6 archaeology archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 9 vision vision NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 11 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 12 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 15 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 18 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 20 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 21 Touchstone Touchstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 23 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 919 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 920 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 920 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 920 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 920 4 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 920 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 920 6 Schuster Schuster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 920 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 5 684 684 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 7 86912 86912 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 921 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 4 Kuhrt Kuhrt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 6 Amiele Amiele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 8 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 922 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 923 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 923 2 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 923 3 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 923 4 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 923 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 924 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 924 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 925 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 925 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 925 3 438 438 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 925 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 9 16762 16762 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 926 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 4 Wright Wright NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 6 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 7 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 9 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 10 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 927 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 2 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 4 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 6 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 8 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 928 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 929 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 929 2 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 929 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 929 4 Interpretation Interpretation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 929 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 2 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 4 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 6 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 7 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 11 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 12 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 14 OUP OUP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 15 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 17 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 18 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 930 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 931 1 3–4 3–4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 931 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 2 Lemche Lemche NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 4 Niels Niels NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 5 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 7 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 932 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 933 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 933 2 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 933 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 933 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 933 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 933 6 Tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 933 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 934 1 Westminster Westminster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 934 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 934 3 Knox Knox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 934 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 934 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 935 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 935 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 935 3 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 935 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 7 664 664 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 9 22727 22727 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 936 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 3 Pitcher pitcher NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 4 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 5 Broken break VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 7 Memorial memorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 8 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 10 Gosta Gosta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 11 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 12 Ahlstrom Ahlstrom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 14 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 15 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 16 Holloway Holloway NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 18 Lowell Lowell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 19 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 20 Handy Handy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 22 Continuum Continuum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 24 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 25 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 26 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 27 Quote Quote NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 30 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 31 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 34 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 37 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 39 Qarqar Qarqar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 42 Kurkh Kurkh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 43 Monolith Monolith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 45 Shalmaneser Shalmaneser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 46 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 48 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 49 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 50 ninth ninth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 51 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 54 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 55 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 57 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 58 Tiglath Tiglath NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 60 pileser pileser NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 61 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 62 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 63 mentioning mentioning NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 65 Jeho- Jeho- NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 67 Ahaz Ahaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 69 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 71 IIR67 IIR67 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 72 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 73 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 74 3751 3751 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 77 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 78 734–733 734–733 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 80 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 81 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 82 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 83 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 84 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 85 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 86 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 937 87 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 2 Julia Julia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 3 Phillips Phillips NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 4 Berger Berger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 6 Sue Sue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 7 Parker Parker NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 8 Gerson Gerson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 938 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 939 1 Teaching teach VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 939 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 939 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 939 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 940 1 Behrman Behrman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 940 2 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 940 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 940 4 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 940 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 940 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 940 7 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 940 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 7 86705 86705 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 9 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 941 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 3 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 6 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 9 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 11 André André NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 12 Chouraqui Chouraqui NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 14 Univ Univ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 16 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 19 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 22 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 23 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 24 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 26 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 28 Hebrews Hebrews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 30 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 31 Learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 32 Module Module NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 34 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 35 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 36 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 38 © © NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 39 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 40 Hooker Hooker NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 42 reprinted reprint VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 44 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 45 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 47 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 48 Virtual Virtual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 49 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 50 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 51 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 52 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 53 Exile Exile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 54 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 55 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 56 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 57 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 58 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 59 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 60 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 62 538 538 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 63 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 942 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 943 1 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 943 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 943 3 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 943 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 943 5 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 943 6 Rule Rule NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 943 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 943 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 944 1 Biu.ac.il Biu.ac.il NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 944 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 945 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 945 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 945 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 945 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 945 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 946 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 946 2 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 946 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 946 4 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 946 5 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 946 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 946 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 946 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 1 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 2 Achtemeier Achtemeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 4 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 7 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 8 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 9 Row Row NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 11 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 12 Francisco Francisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 14 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 17 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 20 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 21 Becking Becking NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 23 Bob Bob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 25 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 947 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 948 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 948 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 948 3 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 948 4 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 948 5 Returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 948 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 948 7 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 948 8 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 3 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 4 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 7 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 10 Mass Mass NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 11 Return Return NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 949 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 2 Lipschitz Lipschitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 4 Oded Oded NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 6 Oeming oeming NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 8 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 950 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 1 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 4 Judeans Judeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 7 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 8 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 951 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 952 1 Winona Winona NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 952 2 Lake Lake NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 952 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 952 4 IN in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 952 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 952 6 Eisenbrauns Eisenbrauns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 952 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 953 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 953 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 953 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 953 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 7 57506 57506 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 9 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 954 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 4 Grabbe Grabbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 6 Lester Lester NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 7 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 955 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 7 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 10 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 11 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 12 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 14 Yehud Yehud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 16 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 17 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 20 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 21 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 23 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 24 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 25 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 956 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 957 1 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 957 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 957 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 957 4 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 957 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 958 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 958 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 958 3 355 355 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 958 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 7 567 567 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 9 08998 08998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 959 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 2 Yehud Yehud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 3 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 6 equivalent equivalent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 9 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 10 Yehuda Yehuda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 14 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 19 medinata medinata NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 22 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 24 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 25 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 26 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 27 Fibiger Fibiger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 28 Bang Bang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 30 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 31 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 33 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 960 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 3 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 6 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 9 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 10 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 11 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 13 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 961 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 962 1 OUP OUP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 962 2 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 962 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 963 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 963 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 964 1 184–87 184–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 964 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 9 518831 518831 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 965 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 8 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 966 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 967 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 967 2 Jared Jared NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 967 3 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 967 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 967 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 967 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 967 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 968 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 968 2 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 968 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 968 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 968 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 968 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 968 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 969 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 969 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 969 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 969 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 9 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 10 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 970 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 971 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 971 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 971 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 971 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 971 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 1 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 3 102:11 102:11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 5 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 9 12–19 12–19 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 972 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 2 Hammer Hammer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 4 MF MF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 6 Redd Redd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 8 AJ AJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 10 Wood Wood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 12 ET ET NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 14 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 16 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 973 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 974 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 974 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 974 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 974 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 974 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 4 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 5 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 6 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 9 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 10 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 12 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 13 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 15 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 17 chromosome chromosome NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 18 biallelic biallelic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 19 haplotypes haplotype NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 975 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 976 1 Proc Proc NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 976 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 977 1 Natl Natl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 977 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 978 1 Acad Acad NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 978 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 979 1 Sci Sci NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 979 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 980 1 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 980 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 980 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 980 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 980 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 980 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 980 7 6769–74 6769–74 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 980 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 981 1 Bibcode:2000PNAS bibcode:2000pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-3049 981 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 981 3 97.6769H. 97.6769h. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 982 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 982 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 982 3 pnas.100115997 pnas.100115997 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 982 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 983 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 983 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 983 3 18733 18733 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 983 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 984 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 984 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 984 3 10801975 10801975 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 984 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 2 Wade Wade NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 4 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 6 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 8 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 985 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 2 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 3 Chromosome chromosome NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 4 Bears bear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 5 Witness Witness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 7 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 11 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 986 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 987 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 987 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 987 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 987 4 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 987 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 988 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 988 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 988 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 988 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 988 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 2 Balter Balter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 989 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 990 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 990 2 Tracing trace VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 990 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 990 4 Roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 990 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 990 6 Jewishness Jewishness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 990 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 990 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 991 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 991 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 992 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 992 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 992 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 992 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 992 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 2 Genes Genes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 4 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 8 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 9 Environment Environment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 12 Moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 13 Beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 15 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 16 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 17 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 18 Committee Committee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 20 Assessing Assessing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 21 Interactions Interactions NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 22 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 23 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 25 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 28 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 29 Factors Factors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 31 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 33 Board Board NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 35 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 36 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 37 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 39 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 41 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 43 Lyla Lyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 44 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 45 Hernandez Hernandez NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 993 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 994 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 994 2 Academies Academies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 994 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 994 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 995 1 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 995 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 995 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 995 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 995 5 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 995 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 7 309 309 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 9 10196 10196 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 996 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 997 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 997 2 Jodi Jodi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 997 3 Magness Magness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 997 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 997 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 997 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 997 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 2 Sectarianism sectarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 3 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 6 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 7 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 998 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 2 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 4 Schwartz Schwartz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 6 Zeev Zeev NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 7 Weiss Weiss NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 9 eds ed NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 999 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 1 Was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 3 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 5 Watershed watershed NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1000 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 10 Destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 13 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 14 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1001 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1002 1 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1002 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 9 21744 21744 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1003 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 6 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 7 Avrum Avrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 8 Ehrlich Ehrlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1004 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1005 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1005 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1005 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1005 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 5 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 7 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 9 Experiences Experiences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 12 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 14 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 15 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1006 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1007 1 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1007 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1007 3 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1007 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 7 85109 85109 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 9 873 873 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1008 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 2 מרדכי מרדכי NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 3 וורמברנד וורמברנד NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 4 ובצלאל ובצלאל NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 5 ס ס NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 6 רותת רותת NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 8 עם עם NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 9 ישראל ישראל NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 11 תולדות תולדות NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 12 4000 4000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 13 שנה שנה NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 15 מימי מימי NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 16 האבות האבות NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 17 ועד ועד NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 18 חוזה חוזה NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 19 השלום השלום NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 22 ע"מ ע"מ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 23 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1009 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 2 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 4 Mordechai Mordechai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 5 Vermebrand Vermebrand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 7 Betzalel Betzalel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 8 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 9 Ruth Ruth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 13 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 15 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 19 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 21 4000 4000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 22 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 27 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 30 Forefathers forefather NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 33 Peace Peace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 34 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 37 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 39 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 40 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 42 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 44 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 45 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 46 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 47 Gryazel Gryazel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 49 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 50 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 53 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 54 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 55 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 57 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 59 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 61 586 586 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 62   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 63 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 64 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 66 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 67 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 68 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 69 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 70 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 72 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 73 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 74 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 75 Salo Salo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 76 Wittmayer Wittmayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 77 Baron Baron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 78 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 79 1937 1937 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 80 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1010 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 2 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 4 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 11 Salo Salo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 12 Wittmayer Wittmayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 13 Baron Baron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 14 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 15 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 16 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 18 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 19 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 21 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 22 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1011 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1012 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1012 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1012 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1012 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1013 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1013 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1013 3 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1013 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 5 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 8 Cities Cities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1014 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1015 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1015 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1016 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1016 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1016 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1016 4 york york NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1016 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1017 1 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1017 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1017 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1017 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1018 1 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1018 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1018 3 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1018 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1018 5 104–05 104–05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1018 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 7 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 9 44634 44634 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1019 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1020 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1020 2 Leonard Leonard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1020 3 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1020 4 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1020 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1020 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1020 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1020 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 2 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 3 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 5 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 6 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 8 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 9 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 11 Contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 13 biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 14 exegesis exegesis NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 16 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1021 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1022 1 Peeters Peeters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1022 2 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1022 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1023 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1023 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1023 3 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1023 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 7 429 429 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 9 0666 0666 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1024 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 5 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 6 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 7 Feldman Feldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1025 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1026 1 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1026 2 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1026 3 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1026 4 Reconsidered Reconsidered NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1026 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1027 1 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1027 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 2 Goodman Goodman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1028 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1029 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1029 2 Secta secta NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1029 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1029 4 natio natio NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1029 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1029 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1030 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1030 2 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1030 3 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1030 4 Supplement Supplement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1030 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1031 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1031 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1031 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1031 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1031 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 2 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 4 Sasson Sasson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 6 Haim Haim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 7 Hillel Hillel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 9 editor editor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 11 Ettinger Ettinger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 13 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 15 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 17 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 18 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1032 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1033 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1033 2 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1033 3 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1033 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1033 5 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1033 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1034 1 Schocken Schocken NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1034 2 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1034 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 3 581911264.CS1 581911264.CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 4 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 6 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 10 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 12 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 14 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 16 GAON GAON NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 18 JewishEncyclopedia.com JewishEncyclopedia.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1035 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1036 1 www.jewishencyclopedia.com www.jewishencyclopedia.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1036 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1037 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1037 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1037 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1037 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1037 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1038 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1038 2 Schloss Schloss NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1038 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1038 4 Chaim Chaim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1038 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1038 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1038 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1038 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 2 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 9 Destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 12 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 13 Bais Bais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 14 Hamikdash Hamikdash NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 15 Until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 17 Twentieth Twentieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 18 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1039 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1040 1 Feldheim Feldheim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1040 2 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1040 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 7 58330 58330 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 9 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1041 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 3 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 4 Religions Religions NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 6 Converting convert VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 8 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 14 converts convert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 16 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 17 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 19 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 21 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 22 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 25 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 29 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 30 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 31 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 33 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 34 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 35 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 36 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1042 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1043 1 Bbc.co.uk Bbc.co.uk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1043 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1044 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1044 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1044 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1044 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1044 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 3 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 4 Converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 5 Treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 7 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 8 Class Class NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1045 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1046 1 InterfaithFamily InterfaithFamily NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1046 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 4 Golin Golin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 7 Complicated complicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 8 Relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 9 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 10 Intermarriage intermarriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 13 Conversion Conversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1047 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1048 1 Huffingtonpost.com Huffingtonpost.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1048 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1049 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1049 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1049 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1049 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1049 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 2 Neusner Neusner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 4 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 7 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 9 Patai Patai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 11 Raphael Raphael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 13 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 15 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 16 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1050 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1051 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1051 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1051 3 Mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1051 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1052 1 Detroit Detroit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1052 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1052 3 Wayne Wayne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1052 4 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1052 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1052 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1052 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1053 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1053 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1053 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1053 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1054 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1054 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1054 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1054 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1054 5 8143 8143 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1054 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1054 7 2651-X. 2651-x. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 4 Lonnie Lonnie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 7 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1055 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 1 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 2 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 4 Enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 6 Neighbors Neighbors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 8 Friends Friends NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1056 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1057 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1057 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1057 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1057 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1057 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1057 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1058 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1058 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1058 3 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1058 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 7 510071 510071 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1059 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 4 Sharot Sharot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1060 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1061 1 29–30 29–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1061 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1062 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1062 2 Sharot Sharot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1062 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1062 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1062 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1062 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1062 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1062 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1063 1 42–43 42–43 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1063 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 2 Sharot Sharot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 8 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1064 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 1 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 2 Fishman fishman NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 4 Sylvia Sylvia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 5 Barack Barack NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 7 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1065 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1066 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1066 2 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1066 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1066 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1066 5 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1066 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 1 Albany Albany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 3 N.Y. New York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1067 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1068 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1068 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1068 3 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1068 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 5 7914 7914 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 7 4546 4546 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1069 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1070 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1070 2 Kimmerling Kimmerling NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1070 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1070 4 Baruch Baruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1070 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1070 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1070 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1070 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 2 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 3 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 7 Boundaries Boundaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 9 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1071 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 1 Albany Albany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 3 N.Y. New York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1072 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1073 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1073 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1073 3 169 169 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1073 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 5 88706 88706 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 7 849 849 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1074 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 2 Lowenstein Lowenstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 4 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 7 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1075 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 3 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 4 Tapestry Tapestry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 8 Folk Folk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 9 Traditions Traditions NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1076 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1077 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1077 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1077 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1077 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1077 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1077 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1078 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1078 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1078 3 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1078 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 7 513425 513425 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1079 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 4 Grintz Grintz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 6 Jehoshua Jehoshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 7 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 9 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 10 1960 1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1080 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 2 Hebrew Hebrew VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 5 Spoken Spoken NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 7 Written Written NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 11 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 12 Days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 15 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 16 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1081 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1082 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1082 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1082 3 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1082 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1082 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1083 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1083 2 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1083 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1083 4 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1083 5 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1083 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1084 1 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1084 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1084 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1084 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1084 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1084 6 32–47 32–47 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1084 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1085 1 doi:10.2307/3264497 doi:10.2307/3264497 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1085 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1086 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1086 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1086 3 3264497 3264497 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1086 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 2 Feldman Feldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 8 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1087 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 2 Parfitt Parfitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 4 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 5 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 7 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1088 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 3 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 4 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 5 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 6 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 7 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 8 1800–1822 1800–1822 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1089 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1090 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1090 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1090 3 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1090 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1090 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1091 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1091 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1091 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1091 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1091 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1091 6 237–252 237–252 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1091 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1092 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1092 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1092 3 jss/17.2.237 jss/17.2.237 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1092 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 3 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 9 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 10 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 11 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 14 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 17 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1093 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1094 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1094 2 Knesset Knesset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1094 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1095 1 Knesset Knesset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1095 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1095 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1095 4 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1095 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1095 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1095 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1096 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1096 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1096 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1096 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1096 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1097 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1097 2 Nava Nava NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1097 3 Nevo Nevo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1097 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1097 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1097 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1097 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1098 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1098 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1098 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1098 4 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1098 5 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1098 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1099 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1099 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1100 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1100 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1100 3 428 428 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1100 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 5 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 7 007 007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 9 0354 0354 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1101 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 5 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 8 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 11 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 14 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 18 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 19 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 20 possession possession NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 21 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 23 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 25 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 29 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 30 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 31 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 33 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 34 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 35 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 37 breathes breathe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 39 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1102 40 .... .... . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 4 oases oasis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 6 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 8 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 9 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 14 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 17 lingua lingua NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 18 franca franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 22 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 23 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 25 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 28 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 29 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 31 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 33 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1103 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 2 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 4 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 5 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 6 representatives representative NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 7 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 9 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 13 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 14 appearances appearance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 16 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 18 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1104 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1105 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1105 2 Chaya Chaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1105 3 Herman Herman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1105 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1105 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1105 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1105 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 1 Prophets prophet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 3 Profits profit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 5 Managerialism Managerialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 8 Restructuring Restructuring NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 11 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 13 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 14 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1106 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1107 1 HSRC HSRC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1107 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1107 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1108 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1108 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1108 3 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1108 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 7 7969 7969 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 9 2114 2114 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1109 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 4 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 5 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 6 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 8 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 11 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 12 franca franca VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 16 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 18 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 19 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1110 21 .... .... . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 2 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 3 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 4 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 5 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 7 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 8 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 12 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 15 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 17 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 20 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 22 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 24 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 26 raison raison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 27 d'être d'être NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 30 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 31 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 32 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 35 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 36 nerve nerve NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 37 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 38 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 40 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 41 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1111 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1112 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1112 2 Elana Elana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1112 3 Shohamy Shohamy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1112 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1112 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1112 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1112 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 1 Negotiating Negotiating NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 3 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 5 Schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 7 Educators educator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 9 Policymakers Policymakers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1113 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1114 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1114 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1115 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1115 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1115 3 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1115 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 7 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 9 14621 14621 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1116 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 2 priority priority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 3 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 7 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 10 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 11 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 12 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 13 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 16 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 17 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 21 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 22 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 27 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 28 franca franca JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 30 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 31 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1117 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1118 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1118 2 Elan Elan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1118 3 Ezrachi Ezrachi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1118 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1118 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1118 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1118 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1119 1 Dynamic Dynamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1119 2 Belonging belonging NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1119 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1119 4 Contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1119 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1119 6 Collective Collective NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1119 7 Identities Identities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1119 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1120 1 Bergahn Bergahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1120 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1120 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1121 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1121 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1121 3 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1121 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 7 85745 85745 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 9 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1122 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 2 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 3 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 4 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 5 observes observe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 7 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 14 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 15 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1123 17 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 4 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 7 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 8 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 9 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 10 Talk talk VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 11 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 12 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 13 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1124 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1125 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1125 2 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1125 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 6 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1126 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1127 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1127 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1127 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1127 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1127 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 3 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 7 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 8 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 10 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 11 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 12 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1128 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 2 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 5 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 7 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 8 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 10 talk talk VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 12 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 14 speaks speak VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 16 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 24 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 27 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1129 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 2 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 7 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1130 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1131 1 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1131 2 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1131 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 2 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 4 Readings reading NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 7 sociology sociology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 11 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 14 Quebec Quebec NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 15 Sephardim Sephardim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 16 Make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 17 Breakthroughs Breakthroughs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1132 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1133 1 forward.com forward.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1133 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1134 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1134 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1134 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1134 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1134 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1135 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1135 2 Edna Edna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1135 3 Aizenberg Aizenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1135 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1135 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1135 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1135 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 1 Contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 2 Sephardic Sephardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 3 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 6 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 9 Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 10 Approach Approach NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1136 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1137 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1137 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1137 3 xxii xxii NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1137 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 7 8156 8156 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 9 5165 5165 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1138 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1139 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1139 2 Gerald Gerald NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1139 3 Tulchinsky Tulchinsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1139 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1139 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1139 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1139 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 1 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 6 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 8 Journey Journey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1140 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1141 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1141 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1142 1 447–49 447–49 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1142 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 7 8020 8020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 9 9386 9386 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1143 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1144 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1144 2 Jessica Jessica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1144 3 Piombo Piombo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1144 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1144 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1144 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1144 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 1 Institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 3 Ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 6 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 7 Mobilization Mobilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 9 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 10 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1145 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1146 1 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1146 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1146 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1147 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1147 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1147 3 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1147 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 7 230 230 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 9 62382 62382 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1148 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 2 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 3 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 4 Koss koss IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 6 dissertation dissertation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 9 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1149 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 3 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 4 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 7 Remaking Remaking NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 10 Vilna Vilna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 12 1914–1918 1914–1918 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1150 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1151 1 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1151 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1151 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1151 4 30–31 30–31 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1151 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 9 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 10 Wexler Wexler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 12 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1152 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 3 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 5 Evaluating evaluate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 6 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 9 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 10 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 11 1917–1950 1917–1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1153 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 3 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 4 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 6 Creators creator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 10 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1154 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1155 1 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1155 2 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1155 3 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1155 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1156 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1156 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1156 3 780 780 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1156 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 7 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 9 05404 05404 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1157 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 2 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 3 Verschik Verschik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 5 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1158 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1159 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1159 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1159 3 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1159 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1159 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1160 1 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1160 2 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1160 3 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1160 4 Website Website NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1160 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 2 Ehrlich Ehrlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 5 Avrum Avrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 7 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1161 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 5 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 7 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 9 Experiences Experiences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 12 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 14 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 15 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 19 1007 1007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1162 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 7 85109 85109 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 9 873 873 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1163 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1164 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1164 2 Subtelny Subtelny NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1164 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1164 4 O. O. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1165 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1165 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1165 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1165 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1166 1 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1166 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1166 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1166 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1166 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1166 6 4th 4th NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1166 7 Edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1166 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 3 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 6 Scholarly Scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 7 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 8 Division Division NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1167 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 7 4426 4426 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 9 9728 9728 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1168 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1169 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1169 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1169 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1169 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1169 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1170 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1170 2 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1170 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1170 4 E.P. E.P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1171 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1171 2 Gonzalez Gonzalez NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1171 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1171 4 M.J. M.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1171 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1171 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1171 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1171 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1172 1 Multicultural multicultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1172 2 Perspectives Perspectives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1172 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1172 4 Working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1172 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1172 6 Families Families NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1172 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1173 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1173 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1173 3 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1173 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 7 8261 8261 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 9 3146 3146 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1174 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1175 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1175 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1175 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1175 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1175 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 2 Anshel Anshel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 3 Pfeffer Pfeffer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 5 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1176 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 5 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 6 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 7 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 10 Putin Putin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1177 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1178 1 Haaretz Haaretz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1178 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1179 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 3 Bukharan Bukharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 5 | | JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 7 Virtual Virtual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 8 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1180 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1181 1 jewishvirtuallibrary.org jewishvirtuallibrary.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1181 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1182 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1182 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1182 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1182 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1182 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 4 Moshe Moshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 5 Ma'oz Ma'oz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 7 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1183 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1184 1 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1184 2 Attitudes Attitudes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1184 3 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1184 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1184 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1184 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1184 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1185 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1185 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1186 1 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1186 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1186 3 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1186 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 7 84519 84519 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 9 527 527 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1187 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1188 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1188 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1188 3 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1188 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1188 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 3 immigrant immigrant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 4 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 7 Czarist Czarist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 9 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 10 eras era NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 12 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 14 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 16 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 19 linguistically linguistically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 20 Russified russifie VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1189 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 2 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 4 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 5 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 11 Azeri Azeri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 12 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 16 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1190 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1191 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1191 2 Yaakov Yaakov NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1191 3 Kleiman Kleiman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1191 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1191 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1191 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1191 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 1 DNA DNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 3 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 6 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 7 Link Link NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 11 Hebrews Hebrews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1192 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1193 1 Devora Devora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1193 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1193 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1194 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1194 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1194 3 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1194 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 7 930143 930143 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 9 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1195 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 2 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 4 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 6 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 7 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 9 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 10 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 12 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 14 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 15 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 17 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 18 migrating migrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 19 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 22 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 25 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 29 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 30 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 31 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 32 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 33 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1196 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1197 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1197 2 Joshua Joshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1197 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1197 4 Fishman Fishman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1197 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1197 6 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1197 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1197 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1198 1 Readings reading NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1198 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1198 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1198 4 Sociology Sociology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1198 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1198 6 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1198 7 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1198 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1199 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1199 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1200 1 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1200 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1200 3 169–74 169–74 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1200 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 3 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 7 07237 07237 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1201 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 1 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 3 Tadzhikistan Tadzhikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 5 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 6 Tadzhik Tadzhik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1202 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 2 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 6 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 7 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 10 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 11 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 13 comparatively comparatively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 14 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 16 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1203 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1204 1 2,905 2,905 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1204 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1204 3 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1204 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1204 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 2 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 4 Oriental oriental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 7 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 9 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 12 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 15 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 16 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 21 amounting amount VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 24 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 26 6,564 6,564 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1205 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 3 reasonable reasonable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 5 assume assume VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 8 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 10 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 11 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 13 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 14 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 17 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 19 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1206 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1207 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1207 2 Harald Harald NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1207 3 Haarmann Haarmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1207 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1207 5 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1207 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1207 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 1 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 3 Ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 6 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 8 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 9 Ecological Ecological NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 10 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1208 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1209 1 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1209 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1209 3 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1209 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1210 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1210 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1211 1 70–73 70–73 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1211 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1211 3 79–82 79–82 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1211 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 9 086280 086280 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1212 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1213 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1213 2 Gafaiti Gafaiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1213 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1213 4 Hafid Hafid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1213 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1213 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1213 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1213 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 1 Transnational Transnational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 2 Spaces Spaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 4 Identities Identities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 7 Francophone Francophone NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1214 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1215 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1215 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1215 3 234 234 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1215 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 7 8032 8032 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 9 2465 2465 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1216 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 2 Gottreich Gottreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 4 Emily Emily NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 5 Benichou Benichou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 7 Schroeter Schroeter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 9 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 10 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1217 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1218 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1218 2 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1218 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1218 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1218 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1218 6 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1218 7 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1218 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1219 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1219 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1220 1 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1220 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1220 3 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1220 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 7 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 9 00146 00146 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1221 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1222 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1222 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1222 3 Tunisia Tunisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1222 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1222 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1223 1 jdc.org jdc.org ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1223 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 6 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1224 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1225 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1225 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1225 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1225 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1225 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1226 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1226 2 Eisenstadt Eisenstadt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1226 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1226 4 S.N. S.N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1227 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1227 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1227 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1227 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 1 Explorations exploration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 4 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 5 Experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 8 Civilizational Civilizational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 9 Dimension Dimension NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1228 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1229 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1229 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1229 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1229 4 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1229 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1229 6 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1229 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1230 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1230 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1230 3 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1230 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 3 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 7 13693 13693 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1231 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 2 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 4 Hal Hal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1232 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 2 Sanctuary Sanctuary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 4 Boardroom boardroom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 8 Approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 10 Leadership Leadership NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1233 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1234 1 Lanham Lanham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1234 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1234 3 Md. Md. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1235 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1235 2 Rowman Rowman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1235 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1235 4 Littlefield Littlefield NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1235 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1236 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1236 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1236 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1236 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 5 7425 7425 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 7 5229 5229 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1237 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 3 Key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 4 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 6 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 8 Messiah Messiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 10 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 11 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 12 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 13 Goodblatt Goodblatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 15 professor professor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 17 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 20 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 22 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 23 Diego Diego NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1238 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1239 1 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1239 2 biography biography NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1239 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1239 4 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1239 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 2 Carol Carol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 3 Bakhos Bakhos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 5 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 7 Goodblatt Goodblatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 9 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 10 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 12 Elements Elements NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 14 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 16 nationalism nationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1240 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 10 Bryn Bryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 11 Mawr Mawr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 12 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 13 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 15 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1241 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 2 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 4 Porter Porter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 6 Illinois Illinois NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 7 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 9 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 11 Goodblatt Goodblatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 13 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 14 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 16 Elements Elements NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 18 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 20 nationalism nationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 22 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 25 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 27 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 28 Scriptures Scriptures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 29 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 30 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 31 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 33 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 35 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 36 Weitzman Weitzman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 38 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 40 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1242 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 4 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 5 Relevance Relevance NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 7 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 10 Response Response NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 12 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 13 Goodblatt Goodblatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 15 Elements Elements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 17 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 18 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 19 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1243 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1244 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1244 2 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1244 3 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1244 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1245 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1245 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1245 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1245 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1245 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1245 6 168 168 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1245 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1246 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1246 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1246 3 40207028 40207028 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1246 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 2 Dosick Dosick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 8 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1247 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 2 Dosick Dosick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 8 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1248 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 4 Schmelz Schmelz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 6 Usiel Usiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 7 Oscar Oscar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 9 Sergio Sergio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 10 Della Della NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 11 Pergola Pergola NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 13 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1249 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1250 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1250 2 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1250 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1250 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1251 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1251 2 Fred Fred NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1251 3 Skolnik Skolnik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1251 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1251 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1251 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1251 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1251 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1252 1 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1252 2 Judaica Judaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1252 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1253 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1253 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1253 3 2d 2d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1253 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1253 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1253 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1253 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1253 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1254 1 Farmington Farmington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1254 2 Hills Hills NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1254 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1254 4 Mich. Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1254 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1254 6 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1254 7 Gale Gale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1254 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1255 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1255 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1255 3 571 571 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1255 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 7 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 9 865928 865928 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1256 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 2 Schmelz Schmelz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 4 Usiel Usiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 5 Oscar Oscar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 7 Sergio Sergio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 8 Della Della NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 9 Pergola Pergola NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 11 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1257 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1258 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1258 2 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1258 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1258 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1259 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1259 2 Fred Fred NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1259 3 Skolnik Skolnik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1259 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1259 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1259 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1259 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1259 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1260 1 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1260 2 Judaica Judaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1260 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1261 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1261 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1261 3 2d 2d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1261 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1261 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1261 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1261 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1261 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1262 1 Farmington Farmington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1262 2 Hills Hills NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1262 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1262 4 Mich. Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1262 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1262 6 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1262 7 Gale Gale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1262 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1263 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1263 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1264 1 571–72 571–72 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1264 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 7 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 9 865928 865928 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1265 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 2 Dosick Dosick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 8 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1266 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 2 Hammer Hammer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 5 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 7 Redd Redd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 9 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 10 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 12 Wood Wood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 14 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 15 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 17 Bonner Bonner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 19 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 20 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 22 Jarjanazi Jarjanazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 24 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 26 Karafet Karafet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 28 T. t. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 30 Santachiara Santachiara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 32 Benerecetti Benerecetti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 34 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 36 Oppenheim Oppenheim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 38 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 40 Jobling Jobling NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 42 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 43 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 45 Jenkins Jenkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 47 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 48 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 49 Ostrer Ostrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 51 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 52 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 53 Bonne Bonne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 55 Tamir Tamir NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1267 57 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1268 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1268 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1268 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1268 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1268 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1268 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 4 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 5 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 6 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 9 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 10 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 12 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 13 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 15 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 17 chromosome chromosome NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 18 biallelic biallelic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 19 haplotypes haplotype NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1269 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1270 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1270 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1270 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1270 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1270 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1270 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1270 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1270 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1271 1 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1271 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1271 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1271 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1271 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1271 6 6769–6774 6769–6774 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1271 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1272 1 Bibcode:2000PNAS bibcode:2000pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1272 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1272 3 97.6769H. 97.6769h. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1273 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1273 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1273 3 pnas.100115997 pnas.100115997 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1273 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1274 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1274 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1274 3 18733 18733 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1274 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1275 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1275 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1275 3 10801975 10801975 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1275 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 4 Nebel Nebel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 6 Almut Almut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 8 Filon Filon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 10 Dvora Dvora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 12 Brinkmann Brinkmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 14 Bernd Bernd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 16 Majumder Majumder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 18 Partha Partha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 19 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 21 Faerman Faerman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 23 Marina Marina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 25 Oppenheim Oppenheim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 27 Ariella Ariella NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 29 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 30 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1276 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 3 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 4 Chromosome Chromosome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 5 Pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 9 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 12 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 13 Landscape Landscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 16 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 17 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1277 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1278 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1278 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1278 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1278 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1278 5 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1278 6 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1278 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1279 1 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1279 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1279 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1279 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1279 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1279 6 1095–1112 1095–1112 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1279 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1280 1 doi:10.1086/324070 doi:10.1086/324070 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1280 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1281 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1281 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1281 3 1274378 1274378 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1281 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1282 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1282 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1282 3 11573163 11573163 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1282 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 2 Frudakis Frudakis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 4 Tony Tony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1283 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1284 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1284 2 Ashkezani Ashkezani NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1284 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1284 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1284 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 1 Molecular Molecular NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 2 Photofitting photofitting NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 4 Predicting predict VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 5 Ancestry Ancestry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 7 Phenotype Phenotype NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 8 Using Using NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 9 DNA DNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1285 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1286 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1286 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1287 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1287 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1287 3 383 383 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1287 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 9 055137 055137 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1288 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 4 Behar Behar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 6 Doron Doron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 7 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 9 Metspalu Metspalu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 11 Ene Ene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 13 Kivisild Kivisild NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 15 Toomas Toomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 17 Rosset Rosset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 19 Saharon Saharon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 21 Tzur Tzur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 23 Shay Shay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 24 ; ; . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 25 Hadid Hadid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 27 Yarin Yarin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 29 Yudkovsky Yudkovsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 31 Guennady Guennady NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 33 Rosengarten Rosengarten NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 35 Dror Dror NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 37 Pereira Pereira NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 39 Luisa Luisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 40 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 41 Amorim Amorim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 43 Antonio Antonio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 45 Kutuev Kutuev NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 47 Ildus Ildus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 48 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 49 Gurwitz Gurwitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 51 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 52 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 53 Bonne Bonne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 55 Tamir Tamir NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 57 Batsheva Batsheva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 58 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 59 Villems Villems NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 61 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 62 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 63 Skorecki Skorecki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 65 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 66 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 67 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 68 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 69 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1289 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 2 Counting count VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 4 Founders founder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 7 Matrilineal Matrilineal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 8 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 9 Ancestry Ancestry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 13 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1290 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1291 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1291 2 ONE one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1291 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1292 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1292 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1292 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1292 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1292 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1292 6 e2062 e2062 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1292 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1293 1 Bibcode:2008PLoSO Bibcode:2008PLoSO VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1293 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1293 3 3.2062B. 3.2062b. ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1294 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1294 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1294 3 journal.pone.0002062 journal.pone.0002062 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1294 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1295 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1295 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1295 3 2323359 2323359 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1295 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1296 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1296 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1296 3 18446216 18446216 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1296 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 2 Lewontin Lewontin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1297 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 2 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 3 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 6 Gene gene NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1298 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1299 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1299 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1299 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1299 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1299 5 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1299 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 2 Feder Feder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 4 Jeanette Jeanette NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 6 Ovadia Ovadia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 8 Ofer Ofer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 10 Glaser Glaser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 12 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 14 Mishmar Mishmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 16 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 18 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 19 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1300 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 2 Ashkenazi ashkenazi JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 4 mtDNA mtdna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 5 haplogroup haplogroup NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 6 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 7 varies varie NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 8 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 9 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 10 subpopulations subpopulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 12 lessons lesson NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 15 substructure substructure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 18 closed closed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 19 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1301 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1302 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1302 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1302 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1302 4 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1302 5 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1302 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1303 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1303 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1303 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1303 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1303 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1303 6 498–500 498–500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1303 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1304 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1304 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1304 3 sj.ejhg.5201764 sj.ejhg.5201764 . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1304 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1305 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1305 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1305 3 17245410 17245410 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1305 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 4 Ostrer Ostrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 6 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 8 Skorecki Skorecki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 10 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 12 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 13 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1306 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 3 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 4 genetics genetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 8 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1307 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1308 1 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1308 2 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1308 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1309 1 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1309 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1309 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1309 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1309 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1309 6 119–127 119–127 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1309 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 3 s00439 s00439 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 5 012 012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 7 1235 1235 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1310 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1311 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1311 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1311 3 3543766 3543766 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1311 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1312 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1312 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1312 3 23052947 23052947 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1312 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 3 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 4 In In NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1313 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1314 1 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1314 2 Tree Tree NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1314 3 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1314 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1315 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1315 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1315 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1315 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1315 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 2 Hammer Hammer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 5 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 7 Behar Behar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 9 Doron Doron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 10 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 12 Karafet Karafet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 14 Tatiana Tatiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 15 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 17 Mendez Mendez NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 19 Fernando Fernando NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 20 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 22 Hallmark Hallmark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 24 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 26 Erez Erez NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 28 Tamar Tamar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 30 Zhivotovsky Zhivotovsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 32 Lev Lev NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 33 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 35 Rosset Rosset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 37 Saharon Saharon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 39 Skorecki Skorecki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 41 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 43 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 44 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 45 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1316 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 2 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 3 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 4 chromosome chromosome NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 5 haplotypes haplotype NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 6 resolve resolve VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 7 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 9 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 10 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 14 priesthood priesthood NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1317 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1318 1 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1318 2 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1318 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1319 1 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1319 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1319 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1319 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1319 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1319 6 707–17 707–17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1319 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 3 s00439 s00439 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 5 009 009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 7 0727 0727 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1320 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1321 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1321 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1321 3 2771134 2771134 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1321 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1322 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1322 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1322 3 19669163 19669163 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1322 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 2 Katsnelson Katsnelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 4 Alla Alla NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1323 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1324 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1324 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1324 3 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1324 4 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1324 5 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1324 6 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1324 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1324 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1325 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1325 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1325 3 news.2010.277 news.2010.277 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1325 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1326 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1326 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1326 3 news.2010.277 news.2010.277 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1326 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 5 Behar Behar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 7 Doron Doron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 8 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 10 Yunusbayev Yunusbayev NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 12 Bayazit Bayazit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 14 Metspalu Metspalu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 16 Mait Mait NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 18 Metspalu Metspalu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 20 Ene Ene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 22 Rosset Rosset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 24 Saharon Saharon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 26 Parik Parik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 28 Jüri Jüri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 30 Rootsi Rootsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 32 Siiri Siiri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 34 Chaubey Chaubey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 36 Gyaneshwer Gyaneshwer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 38 Kutuev Kutuev NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 40 Ildus Ildus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 42 Yudkovsky Yudkovsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 44 Guennady Guennady NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 46 Khusnutdinova Khusnutdinova NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 48 Elza Elza NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 49 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 50 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 51 Balanovsky Balanovsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 53 Oleg Oleg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 54 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 55 Semino Semino NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 57 Ornella Ornella NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 58 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 59 Pereira Pereira NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 61 Luisa Luisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 62 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 63 Comas Comas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 65 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 66 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 67 Gurwitz Gurwitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 69 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 70 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 71 Bonne Bonne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 73 Tamir Tamir NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 75 Batsheva Batsheva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 76 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 77 Parfitt Parfitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 79 Tudor Tudor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 80 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 81 Hammer Hammer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 83 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 84 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 85 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 86 Skorecki Skorecki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 88 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 89 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 90 Villems Villems NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 92 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 93 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 94 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 95 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 96 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1327 97 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 3 genome genome NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 5 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 6 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1328 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1329 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1329 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1330 1 466 466 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1330 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1330 3 7303 7303 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1330 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1330 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1330 6 238–242 238–242 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1330 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1331 1 Bibcode:2010Natur.466 Bibcode:2010Natur.466 NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1331 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1331 3 238B. 238b. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1332 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1332 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1332 3 nature09103 nature09103 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1332 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1333 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1333 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1333 3 20531471 20531471 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1333 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1334 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1334 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1334 3 4307824 4307824 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1334 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 2 Zoossmann Zoossmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 4 Diskin Diskin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 6 Avshalom Avshalom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1335 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 3 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 5 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 6 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 8 revealed reveal VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 10 autosomal autosomal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 12 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 13 chromosomal chromosomal NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 15 mtDNA mtdna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 16 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1336 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1337 1 Biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1337 2 Direct Direct NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1337 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1338 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1338 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1338 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1338 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1338 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1338 6 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1338 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1339 1 Bibcode:2010Sci bibcode:2010sci UH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1339 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1339 3 328.1342B. 328.1342b. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1340 1 doi:10.1186/1745 doi:10.1186/1745 VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1340 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1340 3 6150 6150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1340 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1340 5 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1340 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1340 7 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1340 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1341 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1341 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1341 3 2964539 2964539 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1341 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1342 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1342 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1342 3 20925954 20925954 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1342 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 2 Haber Haber NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 4 Marc Marc NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 6 Gauguier Gauguier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 8 Dominique Dominique NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 10 Youhanna Youhanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 12 Sonia Sonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 14 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 16 Nick Nick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 18 Moorjani Moorjani NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 20 Priya Priya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 22 Botigué Botigué NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 24 Laura Laura NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 25 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 27 Platt Platt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 29 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 30 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 32 Matisoo Matisoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 34 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 36 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 38 Soria Soria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 40 Hernanz Hernanz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 42 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 43 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 45 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 47 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 48 Spencer Spencer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 50 Bertranpetit Bertranpetit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 52 Jaume Jaume NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 53 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 54 Tyler Tyler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 56 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 58 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 59 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 60 Comas Comas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 62 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 63 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 64 Zalloua Zalloua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 66 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1343 67 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1344 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1344 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1344 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1344 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1344 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1344 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 2 Genome genome JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 4 Wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 5 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 8 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 9 Reveals reveal VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 10 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 11 Structuring Structuring NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 13 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1345 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1346 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1346 2 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1346 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1347 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1347 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1347 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1347 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1347 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1347 6 e1003316 e1003316 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1347 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1348 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1348 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1348 3 journal.pgen.1003316 journal.pgen.1003316 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1348 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1349 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1349 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1349 3 3585000 3585000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1349 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1350 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1350 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1350 3 23468648 23468648 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1350 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 4 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 6 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 7 Race race NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 9 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 10 Genes Genes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 11 Reveal Reveal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1351 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1352 1 Forward.com Forward.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1352 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1353 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1353 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1353 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1353 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1353 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 2 Begley Begley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 4 Sharon Sharon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1354 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 2 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 4 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 5 clues clue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 7 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 9 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 10 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1355 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1356 1 Reuters Reuters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1356 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1357 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1357 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1357 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1357 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1357 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1357 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1357 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1357 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1358 1 529 529 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1358 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1358 3 560–62 560–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1358 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1359 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1359 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1359 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1359 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1359 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1360 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1360 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1360 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1360 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 3 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 6 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 8 Home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 10 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 11 Than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 12 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 14 Fifths fifth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 17 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 19 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1361 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1362 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1362 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1362 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1362 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 4 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 7 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1363 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1364 1 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1364 2 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1364 3 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1364 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1364 5 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1364 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 9 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 10 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1365 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1366 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1366 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1366 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1366 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1366 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 2 Pfeffer Pfeffer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 4 Anshel Anshel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 7 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1367 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 2 Percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 4 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 5 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 6 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 8 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 9 climbed climb VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 11 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 12 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 14 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1368 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1369 1 Haaretz Haaretz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1369 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1370 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1370 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1370 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1370 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1370 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 3 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 5 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 6 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 8 adherents.com adherents.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1371 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1372 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1372 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1372 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1372 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1372 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 5 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 7 2050 2050 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 8 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 10 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 11 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 12 scenarios scenario NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1373 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1374 1 ynet ynet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1374 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 3 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 4 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 5 attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1375 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1376 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1376 2 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1376 3 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1376 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1377 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1377 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1377 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1377 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1378 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1378 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1378 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1378 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1378 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1379 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1379 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1379 3 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1379 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1379 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1380 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1380 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1380 3 Factbook Factbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1380 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1381 1 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1381 2 Intelligence Intelligence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1381 3 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1381 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1382 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1382 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1382 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1382 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1383 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1383 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1383 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1383 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1383 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 4 Electoral electoral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 5 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 7 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1384 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1385 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1385 2 Knesset Knesset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1385 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1386 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1386 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1386 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1386 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1386 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1387 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1387 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1387 3 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1387 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1387 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1388 1 Freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1388 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1388 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1388 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1388 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1389 1 Freedom Freedom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1389 2 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1389 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1390 1 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1390 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 3 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 6 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 8 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 9 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1391 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1392 1 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1392 2 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1392 3 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1392 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1392 5 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1392 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1393 1 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1393 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1394 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1395 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1395 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1395 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1395 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1395 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 5 Year Year NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 7 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 9 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 10 nears near VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 12 M m NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 13 mark mark NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1396 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1397 1 Ynetnews.com Ynetnews.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1397 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1398 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1398 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1398 3 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1398 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1399 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1399 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1399 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1399 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1399 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 2 Harriet Harriet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 3 Sherwood Sherwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 5 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 8 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1400 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 2 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 5 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 6 passes pass VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 7 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 8 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 9 mark mark NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1401 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1402 1 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1402 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1403 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1403 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1403 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1403 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1403 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1404 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1404 2 Dekmejian Dekmejian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1404 3 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1404 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1404 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1404 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1404 7 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1404 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 2 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 3 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 5 Oriental oriental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 7 Sephardic Sephardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 10 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 11 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 12 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 14 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 15 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 16 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 19 very very JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 20 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 22 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 27 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1405 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 3 airlifted airlift VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 4 tens ten NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 6 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 8 Ethiopian ethiopian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1406 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1407 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1407 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1407 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1407 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1407 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1408 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1408 2 Alexeyeva Alexeyeva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1408 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1408 4 Lyudmila Lyudmila NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1408 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1408 6 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1408 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1408 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 1 История История NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 2 инакомыслия инакомыслия VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 3 в в NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 4 СССР СССР NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 8 Dissident Dissident NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 9 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 12 USSR ussr NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 16 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1409 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1410 1 Vilnius Vilnius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1410 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 2 Goldstein Goldstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 4 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 7 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 10 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 11 Dosick Dosick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 13 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 17 340 340 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1411 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 2 Gurock Gurock NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 4 Jeffrey Jeffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 5 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 7 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1412 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 1 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 2 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 5 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 7 1880–1920 1880–1920 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 9 Immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 11 Adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1413 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1414 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1414 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1414 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1414 4 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1414 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1415 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1415 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1415 3 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1415 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1416 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1416 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1416 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1416 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1416 5 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1416 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1416 7 91924-X. 91924-x. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 3 Planting plant VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 5 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 7 Siberia Siberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1417 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1418 1 Fjc.ru fjc.ru UH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1418 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1419 1 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1419 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1419 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1419 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1420 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 2 Gartner Gartner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 8 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1421 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 3 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 4 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1422 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 2 People People NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 3 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 4 Planning Planning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 5 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 8 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1423 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 5 15 15 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 6 . . CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 8 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 10 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 11 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 12 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1424 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1425 1 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1425 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1426 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1426 2 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1426 3 Committee Committee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1426 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1427 1 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1427 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 5 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 6 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 7 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1428 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1429 1 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1429 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1429 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1429 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1430 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1430 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1430 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1430 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1430 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 3 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 4 May May MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 5 Be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 7 Topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 8 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 9 Next Next NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 10 National national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 11 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 12 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 13 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 16 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 18 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 19 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1431 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1432 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1432 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1432 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1432 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1433 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1433 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1433 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1433 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1433 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1434 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1434 2 Gartner Gartner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1434 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1434 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1434 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1434 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1434 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1434 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1435 1 410–10 410–10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1435 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 3 Исследование Исследование NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 5 Около около NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 6 1,5 1,5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 7 млн млн NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 8 людей людей NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 9 с с NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 10 еврейскими еврейскими NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 11 корнями корнями NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 12 проживают проживают NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 13 в в NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 14 России России NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 17 Study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 19 About about RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 20 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 21 Million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 22 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 25 Roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 26 Live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 28 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1436 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1437 1 Moscow Moscow NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1437 2 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1437 3 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1437 4 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1437 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1438 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1438 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1438 3 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1438 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1439 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1439 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1439 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1439 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1439 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 3 В В NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 4 России России NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 5 проживает проживает NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 6 около около NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 7 миллиона миллиона NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 8 иудеев иудеев NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 10 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 12 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 14 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 15 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 16 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 18 Million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 19 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1440 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1441 1 Interfax Interfax NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1441 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1442 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1442 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1442 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1442 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1443 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1443 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1443 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1443 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1443 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 3 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 5 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 7 Mitgliederstatistik Mitgliederstatistik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 8 der der VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 9 jüdischen jüdischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 10 Gemeinden Gemeinden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 11 und und VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 12 Landesverbände Landesverbände NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 14 Deutschland Deutschland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 15 für für NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 16 das das NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 17 Jahr Jahr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 18 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 21 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 22 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 23 Waxman Waxman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 25 Chaim Chaim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1444 26 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1445 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1445 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1445 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1445 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 2 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 3 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1446 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 2 People People NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 3 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 4 Planning Planning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 5 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 8 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1447 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1448 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1448 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1449 1 40–42 40–42 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1449 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1450 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1450 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1450 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1450 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1450 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1451 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1451 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1451 3 Israelis Israelis NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1451 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1451 5 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1451 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1451 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1452 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1452 2 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1452 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1452 4 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1452 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1453 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1453 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1453 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1453 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1453 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 3 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 6 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 9 Jerry Jerry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 10 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 11 Rosenberg Rosenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 13 Hamilton Hamilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 14 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 16 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 19 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 20 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 21 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 23 Reeva Reeva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 24 Spector Spector NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 26 Laskier Laskier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 28 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 29 Menachem Menachem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 31 Reguer Reguer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 33 Sara Sara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 35 eds ed VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1454 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1455 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1455 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1455 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1455 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 5 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 6 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 8 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 9 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 11 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 12 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1456 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1457 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1457 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1457 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1457 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1458 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1458 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1458 3 327 327 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1458 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 9 50759 50759 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1459 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 1 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 3 1940s 1940 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 6 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 8 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 10 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 12 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 13 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 14 aliyah aliyah NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1460 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 3 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 6 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 11 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 13 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 14 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1461 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1462 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1462 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1462 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1462 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1462 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 4 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 6 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 10 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1463 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 2 Edinger Edinger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 4 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1464 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 2 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 5 Reverence reverence NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 7 Ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1465 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1466 1 Shavei Shavei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1466 2 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1466 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1467 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1468 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1468 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1468 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1468 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1468 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 2 Elazar Elazar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 8 434 434 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1469 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 3 NJPS NJPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 5 Defining define VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 7 Calculating Calculating NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 8 Intermarriage Intermarriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1470 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1471 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1472 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1472 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1472 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1472 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1472 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 2 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 4 Erik Erik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 5 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 7 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1473 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 2 Les Les NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 3 juifs juifs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 4 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 5 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 7 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 8 lente lente JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 9 progression progression NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 10 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 11 mariages mariages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 12 mixtes mixte VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 14 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 18 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 21 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 22 progression progression NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 24 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 25 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 28 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 32 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1474 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1475 1 Akadem Akadem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1475 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1476 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1476 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1476 3 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1476 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1476 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1477 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1477 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1477 3 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1477 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1478 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1479 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1479 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1479 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1479 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1479 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 4 Virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 7 Tour tour NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 9 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 10 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1480 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1481 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1481 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1481 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1481 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1481 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1482 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1482 2 Waxman Waxman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1482 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1482 4 Chaim Chaim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1482 5 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1483 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1483 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1483 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1483 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 2 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 3 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1484 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 2 People People NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 3 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 4 Planning Planning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 5 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 8 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1485 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1486 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1486 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1486 3 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1486 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1487 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1487 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1487 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1487 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1487 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1488 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1488 2 Goldenberg Goldenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1488 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1488 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1488 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1488 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1488 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1488 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1489 1 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1489 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1489 3 135–36 135–36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1489 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1490 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1490 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1490 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1490 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1490 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1490 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1490 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1490 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1491 1 164–65 164–65 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1491 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1492 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1492 2 Carroll Carroll NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1492 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1492 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1492 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 1 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 3 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 5 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 6 Mifflin Mifflin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 10 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 12 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 14 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 16 77927 77927 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 18 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 20 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 21 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 23 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 24 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 26 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 29 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1493 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1494 1 207–08 207–08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1494 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 4 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 6 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1495 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1496 1 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1496 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1496 3 229–31 229–31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1496 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1497 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1497 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1497 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1497 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1497 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1497 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1497 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1497 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1498 1 243–44 243–44 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1498 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 4 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 6 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1499 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 5 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 7 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1500 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 3 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 6 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 7 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 9 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 12 p.131 p.131 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 13 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 14 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 16 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 20 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 23 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1501 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 3 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 5 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 7 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 11 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 13 Stillman Stillman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 15 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 19 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 20 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 21 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 23 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1502 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 1 17–18 17–18 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 3 94–95 94–95 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 5 Stillman Stillman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 7 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 11 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 13 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 15 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 19 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1503 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 2 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 4 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 6 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 7 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1504 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1505 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1505 2 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1505 3 Anti Anti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1505 4 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1505 5 Semitism Semitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1505 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1505 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1506 1 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1506 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1506 3 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1506 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1507 1 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1507 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1507 3 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1507 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1508 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1508 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1508 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1508 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1508 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1508 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1508 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1508 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1509 1 226–29 226–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1509 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1510 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1510 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1510 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1510 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1510 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1510 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1510 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1510 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1511 1 259–60 259–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1511 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 4 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 6 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1512 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1513 1 364–65 364–65 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1513 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 2 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 4 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1514 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 3 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 4 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 6 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 7 Diversity Diversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 9 Intolerance Intolerance NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 11 Paternal paternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 12 Lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 14 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 19 Muslims Muslims NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 22 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 23 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1515 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1516 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1516 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1516 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1516 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1516 5 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1516 6 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1516 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1517 1 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1517 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1517 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1517 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1517 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1517 6 725–36 725–36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1517 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1518 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1518 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1518 3 j.ajhg.2008.11.007 j.ajhg.2008.11.007 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1518 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1519 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1519 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1519 3 0002 0002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1519 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1519 5 9297 9297 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1519 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1520 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1520 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1520 3 2668061 2668061 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1520 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1521 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1521 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1521 3 19061982 19061982 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1521 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 3 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 4 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 5 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 7 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 9 Iberian iberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 13 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1522 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1523 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1523 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1523 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1523 4 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1523 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1524 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1524 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1524 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1524 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 2 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 4 SM SM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 6 Bosch Bosch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 8 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 10 Balaresque Balaresque NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 12 PL PL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 14 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 16 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1525 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1526 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1526 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1526 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1526 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1526 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 3 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 4 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 6 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 7 Diversity Diversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 9 Intolerance Intolerance NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 11 Paternal paternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 12 Lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 14 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 19 Muslims Muslims NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 22 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 23 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1527 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1528 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1528 2 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1528 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1528 4 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1528 5 Genetics Genetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1528 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1529 1 Cell.com cell.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1529 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1530 1 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1530 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1530 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1530 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1530 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1530 6 725–36 725–36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1530 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1531 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1531 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1531 3 j.ajhg.2008.11.007 j.ajhg.2008.11.007 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1531 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1532 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1532 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1532 3 2668061 2668061 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1532 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1533 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1533 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1533 3 19061982 19061982 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1533 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1534 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1534 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1534 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1534 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1534 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 8 512 512 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1535 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 6 Holocaust holocaust NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 9 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 10 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1536 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1537 1 Jewishvirtuallibrary.org Jewishvirtuallibrary.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1537 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1538 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1538 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1538 3 1943 1943 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1538 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1539 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1539 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1539 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1539 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1539 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 2 Luke Luke NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 3 Harding Harding NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 5 Moscow Moscow NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 7 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 8 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1540 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 2 Pipeline pipeline NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 3 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 4 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 5 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 6 grave grave NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 9 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 11 Nazis Nazis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1541 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1542 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1542 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1542 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1543 1 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1543 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1544 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1544 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1544 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1544 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1544 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 2 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 3 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 4 Niewyk Niewyk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 7 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 8 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 11 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 13 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 14 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 15 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 17 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 20 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 24 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 26 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 27 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 30 murder murder NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 32 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 33 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 34 5,000,000 5,000,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 35 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 38 Germans Germans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 40 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 41 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 42 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1545 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 4 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 5 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 6 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 7 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 11 victims victim NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 14 systematically systematically RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 15 murdered murder VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1546 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1547 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1547 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1547 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1547 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1547 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1547 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1547 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1547 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1548 1 484–88 484–88 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1548 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1549 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1549 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1549 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1549 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1549 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1549 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1549 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1549 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1550 1 490–92 490–92 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1550 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 3 Ukrainian ukrainian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 4 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 6 grave grave NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 7 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1551 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1552 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1552 2 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1552 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1552 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1553 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1553 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1553 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1553 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1554 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1554 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1554 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1554 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1554 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1555 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1555 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1555 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1555 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1555 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1555 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1555 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1555 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1556 1 493–98 493–98 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1556 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1557 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1557 2 Berenbaum Berenbaum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1557 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1557 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1557 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 3 Must Must MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 4 Know know VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 9 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 10 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 12 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 15 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1558 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 3 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1559 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1560 1 41–43 41–43 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1560 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 8 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1561 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 2     _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 3 Hirsch Hirsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 5 Emil Emil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 6 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 8 Seligsohn Seligsohn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 10 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 12 Bacher Bacher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 14 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 16 1901–1906 1901–1906 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1562 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1563 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1563 2 NIMROD NIMROD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1563 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1563 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 2 Singer Singer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 4 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 6 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 8 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1564 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1565 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1565 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1565 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1565 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1565 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1566 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1566 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1566 3 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1566 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1567 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1567 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1567 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1567 4 Funk Funk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1567 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1567 6 Wagnalls Wagnalls NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1567 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 8 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1568 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 4 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 5 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 6 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 8 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 11 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 14 Landless Landless NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 17 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 18 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 21 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 22 Exile Exile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 24 Wipf Wipf NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 26 Stock Stock NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 27 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 29 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 30 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1569 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1570 1 30ff 30ff JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1570 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 2 Baruch Baruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 3 Halpern Halpern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 6 Jerrold Jerrold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 7 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 8 Cooper Cooper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 10 Glenn Glenn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 11 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 12 Schwartz Schwartz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 14 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-3049 1571 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 4 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 7 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 8 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 9 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 12 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 14 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 15 Century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 18 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 19 Foxwell Foxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 20 Albright Albright NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 21 Centennial Centennial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 22 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 24 Eisenbrauns Eisenbrauns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 26 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 28 311 311 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1572 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 2 Megan Megan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 3 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 4 Moore Moore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 6 Brad Brad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 7 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 8 Kelle Kelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 10 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 11 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 13 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 14 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 15 Past Past NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 18 Changing Changing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 19 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 22 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 24 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 26 Wm Wm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1573 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1574 1 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1574 2 Eerdmans Eerdmans NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1574 3 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1574 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1574 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1574 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1574 7 307 307 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1574 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 2 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 4 Dille Dille NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 6 Mixing Mixing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 7 Metaphors Metaphors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 9 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 11 Mother Mother NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 13 Father Father NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 15 Deutero Deutero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 17 Isaiah Isaiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 19 A&C A&C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 20 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 22 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 24 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 25 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 26 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 28 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 31 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1575 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1576 1 85–86 85–86 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1576 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 8 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1577 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 8 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1578 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 8 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1579 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 8 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1580 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 8 460 460 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1581 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 4 Gartner Gartner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 10 431 431 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1582 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1583 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1583 2 Gartner Gartner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1583 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1583 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1583 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1583 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1583 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1583 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1584 1 11–12 11–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1584 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1585 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1585 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1585 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1585 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1585 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1585 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1585 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1585 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1586 1 229–31 229–31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1586 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 8 306 306 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1587 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 8 370 370 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1588 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1589 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1589 2 Gartner Gartner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1589 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1589 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1589 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1589 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1589 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1589 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1590 1 213–15 213–15 LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1590 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1591 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1591 2 Gartner Gartner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1591 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1591 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1591 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1591 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1591 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1591 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1592 1 357–70 357–70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1592 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1593 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1593 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1593 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1593 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1593 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1593 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1593 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1593 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1594 1 529–30 529–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1594 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1595 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1595 2 Netzer Netzer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1595 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1595 4 Amnon Amnon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1595 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1595 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1595 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1595 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1596 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1596 2 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1596 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1596 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1597 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1597 2 Fred Fred NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1597 3 Skolnik Skolnik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1597 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1597 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1597 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1597 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1597 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1598 1 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1598 2 Judaica Judaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1598 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1599 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1599 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1599 3 2d 2d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1599 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1599 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1599 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1599 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1599 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1600 1 Farmington Farmington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1600 2 Hills Hills NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1600 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1600 4 Mich. Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1600 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1600 6 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1600 7 Gale Gale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1600 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1601 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1601 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1601 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1601 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 7 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 9 865928 865928 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1602 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1603 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1603 2 Gartner Gartner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1603 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1603 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1603 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1603 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1603 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1603 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1604 1 400–01 400–01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1604 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 2 Kaplan Kaplan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 8 301 301 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1605 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 2 Danzger Danzger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 5 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1606 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 3 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 4 Return return NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 5 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 7 Traditional Traditional NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 8 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 11 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 14 Twentieth Twentieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 15 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 17 Cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 18 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 19 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 20 Comparisons Comparisons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1607 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1608 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1608 2 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1608 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1608 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1608 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1608 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1609 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1609 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1610 1 495–511 495–511 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1610 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1611 1 doi:10.1002/9780470758014.ch27 doi:10.1002/9780470758014.ch27 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1611 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 7 470 470 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 9 75801 75801 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1612 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 3 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 9 220 220 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1613 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 2 Schwartz Schwartz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 5 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 7 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1614 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1615 1 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1615 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1615 3 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1615 4 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1615 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1616 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1616 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1616 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1616 4 Lantern Lantern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1616 5 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1616 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1617 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1617 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1617 3 153 153 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1617 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 5 930051 930051 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 7 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1618 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1619 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1619 2 Shalev Shalev NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1619 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1619 4 Baruch Baruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1619 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1619 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1619 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1619 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1620 1 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1620 2 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1620 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1620 4 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1620 5 Prizes Prizes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1620 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1621 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1621 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1621 3 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1621 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 2 striking striking JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 3 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 4 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 7 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 8 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 10 Laureates Laureates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 14 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 16 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 17 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 18 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 21 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 22 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 23 Prizes Prizes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 25 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 28 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 30 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 31 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 33 Chemistry Chemistry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 35 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 36 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 38 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 40 Physics Physics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 42 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 43 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 45 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 47 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 48 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 50 Peace Peace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 52 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 53 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1622 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 2 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 4 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 5 startling startling JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 7 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 10 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 12 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 14 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 16 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 19 0.2 0.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 20 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 23 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 28 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1623 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 2 Dobbs Dobbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 4 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 5 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 8 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 9 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1624 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 2 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 4 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 5 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 6 marks mark VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 7 centennial centennial NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 10 constitute constitute VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 11 1/5 1/5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 13 laureates laureate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1625 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1626 1 j. j. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1626 2 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1626 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1626 4 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1626 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1626 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 1 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 3 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 9 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 11 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 13 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 15 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 17 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 18 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 22 recipients recipient NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 25 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 26 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 27 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 28 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 30 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 31 distinguished distinguished JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 32 award award NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 34 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 35 endeavor endeavor NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 38 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 39 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 41 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 42 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 44 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1627 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 1 Remarkably remarkably RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 4 constitute constitute VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 5 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 8 fifth fifth NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 11 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 12 laureates laureate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1628 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 5 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 10 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 12 fraction fraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 14 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 15 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1629 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1630 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1630 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1630 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1630 4 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1630 5 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1630 6 Winners Winners NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1630 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1630 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1631 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1631 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1631 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1631 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1631 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 2 Ted Ted NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 3 Falcon Falcon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 5 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 6 Blatner Blatner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1632 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1633 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1633 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1633 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1633 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1634 1 Judaism judaism NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1634 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1634 3 dummies dummy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1634 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1635 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1635 2 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1635 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1635 4 Sons Sons NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1635 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 1 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 3 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 5 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 6 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 7 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 10 quarter quarter NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 13 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 16 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 21 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 22 surprising surprising JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 24 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 25 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 26 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 28 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 29 prizes prize NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 30 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 31 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 32 awarded award VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 34 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 36 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 38 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 39 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1636 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1637 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1637 2 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1637 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1637 4 Harrison Harrison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1637 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1637 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1637 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1637 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 2 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 3 Liberal Liberal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 4 Truth Truth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 6 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 7 Politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 8 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 9 Change change VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 11 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 13 Save save VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 14 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1638 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1639 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1639 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1639 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1639 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1640 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1640 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1640 3 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1640 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 2 achievement achievement NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 4 symbolized symbolize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 7 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 9 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 11 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 12 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 14 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 15 Prizes Prizes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 18 won win VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 22 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 23 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 24 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 25 tenths tenth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 27 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 28 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 31 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 33 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1641 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 2 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 3 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 4 Krasner Krasner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 6 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 7 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 8 Sarna Sarna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1642 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 6 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 8 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 11 1880s 1880s CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 12 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1643 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1644 1 Behrman Behrman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1644 2 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1644 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1644 4 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1644 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1644 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1644 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1644 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 2 accomplishments accomplishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 3 account account VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 5 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 6 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 9 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 10 Prizes Prizes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 11 awarded award VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 13 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1645 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 1 What what WDT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 3 feat feat NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 6 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 8 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 9 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 11 .2 .2 . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 12 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 17 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1646 18 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1647 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1647 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1647 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1647 4 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1647 5 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1647 6 Winners Winners NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1647 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1647 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1648 1 Jinfo.org Jinfo.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1648 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1649 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1649 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1649 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1649 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1649 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 1 At at RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 2 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 3 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 6 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 8 half- half- NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 10 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 12 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 14 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 15 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 18 awarded award VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 20 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 21 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 23 accounting account VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 25 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 26 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 28 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 29 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 30 recipients recipient NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 31 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 32 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 33 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 35 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 38 constituting constitute VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 39 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 40 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 42 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 43 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 44 recipients recipient NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 45 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 47 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 48 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1650 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 3 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 4 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 5 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 7 Chemistry Chemistry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 9 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 11 Physics Physics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 14 Physiology Physiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 15 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 16 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 19 corresponding correspond VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 20 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 22 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 23 percentages percentage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 25 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 26 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 28 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 29 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 31 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1651 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 2 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 3 laureates laureate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 6 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 7 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 8 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 12 percentages percentage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 14 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 16 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 19 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 20 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 22 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 23 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 25 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1652 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 2 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 3 awarded award VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 5 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 6 Peace Peace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 7 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 9 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 12 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 13 principally principally RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 18 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 20 half half JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 23 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1653 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 3 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 8 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 10 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 12 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 13 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 19 awarded award VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 20 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 21 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 23 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 24 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 25 Prizes Prizes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 27 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 28 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 30 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 33 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 34 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 35 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1654 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 4 Entine Entine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 6 Jon Jon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1655 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 1 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 3 Children Children NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 5 Race race NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 7 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 11 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 14 Chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 15 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1656 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1657 1 Hachette Hachette NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1657 2 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1657 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1657 4 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1657 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1657 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1657 7 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1657 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 7 446 446 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 9 58063 58063 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1658 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 2 Cochran Cochran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 4 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 6 Hardy Hardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 8 Jason Jason NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 10 Harpending Harpending NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 12 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 14 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 15 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1659 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1660 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1660 2 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1660 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1660 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1660 5 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1660 6 Intelligence Intelligence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1660 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1660 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1661 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1661 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1661 3 Biosocial Biosocial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1661 4 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1661 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1662 1 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1662 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1662 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1662 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1662 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1662 6 659–693 659–693 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1662 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1663 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1663 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1663 3 S0021932005027069 S0021932005027069 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1663 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1664 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1664 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1664 3 16867211 16867211 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1664 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 3 Top Top NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 4 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 5 Players player NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 8 FIDE FIDE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 9 Top Top NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 10 players player NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 11 archive archive NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1665 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1666 1 Ratings.fide.com ratings.fide.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1666 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1667 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1667 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1667 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1667 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1667 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 2 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 3 Baron Baron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 5 Salo Salo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 6 Wittmayer Wittmayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 8 1952 1952 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1668 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 2 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 4 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 10 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 13 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 14 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 16 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 17 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1669 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1670 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1670 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1670 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1670 4 Publication Publication NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1670 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1670 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1670 7 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1670 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 1 Carr Carr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1671 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1672 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1672 2 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1672 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1672 4 Christendom Christendom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1672 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1672 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 2 Neusner Neusner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 4 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 6 Avery Avery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 8 Peck Peck NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 10 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1673 11 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1674 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1674 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1674 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1674 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1674 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1675 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1675 2 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1675 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1675 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1675 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1675 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1676 1 Malden Malden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1676 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1676 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1676 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1676 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1676 6 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1676 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 5 57718 57718 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 7 058 058 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1677 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1678 1 Cowling cowling JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1678 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1678 3 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1678 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1678 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1678 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1678 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1679 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1679 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1679 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1679 4 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1679 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1680 1 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1680 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1680 3 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1680 4 Fortress Fortress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1680 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1680 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 5 8006 8006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 7 3714 3714 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1681 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1682 1 Dekmejian Dekmejian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1682 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1682 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1682 4 Hrair Hrair NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1682 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1682 6 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1682 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1682 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 1 Patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 3 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 4 Leadership Leadership NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 8 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 10 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1683 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1684 1 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1684 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1684 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1684 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1684 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1684 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1684 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1685 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1685 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1685 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1685 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1685 5 87395 87395 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1685 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1685 7 291-X. 291-x. CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 1 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 2 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 4 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1686 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1687 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1687 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1687 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1687 4 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1687 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1688 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1688 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1688 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1688 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1688 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1688 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 7 46073 46073 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1689 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1690 1 Dosick Dosick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1690 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1690 3 Wayne Wayne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1690 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1690 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1690 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1690 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1691 1 Living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1691 2 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1691 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1692 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1692 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1692 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1692 4 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1692 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 7 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 9 062179 062179 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1693 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1694 1 Elazar Elazar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1694 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1694 3 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1694 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1695 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1695 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1695 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1695 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1695 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1695 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1695 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1696 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1696 2 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1696 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1696 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1696 5 Theopolitical Theopolitical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1696 6 Phenomenon Phenomenon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1696 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1696 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 2 Neusner Neusner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 4 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 6 Avery Avery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 8 Peck Peck NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 10 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1697 11 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1698 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1698 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1698 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1698 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1698 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1699 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1699 2 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1699 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1699 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1699 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1699 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1700 1 Malden Malden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1700 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1700 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1700 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1700 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1700 6 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1700 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 5 57718 57718 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 7 058 058 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1701 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1702 1 Feldman Feldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1702 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1702 3 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1702 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1702 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1702 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1702 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1702 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1703 1 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1703 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1703 3 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1703 4 Reconsidered Reconsidered NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1703 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1704 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1704 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1704 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1704 4 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1704 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1704 6 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1704 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 3 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 7 14906 14906 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1705 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1706 1 Gartner Gartner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1706 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1706 3 Lloyd Lloyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1706 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1706 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1706 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1706 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1706 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1707 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1707 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1707 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1707 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1707 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1707 6 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1707 7 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1707 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1708 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1708 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1708 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1708 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1708 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1708 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 7 289259 289259 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1709 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1710 1 Goldenberg Goldenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1710 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1710 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1710 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1710 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1710 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1710 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 2 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 4 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 6 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 7 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 10 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 12 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1711 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1712 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1712 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1712 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1712 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1712 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1712 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 9 84453 84453 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1713 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1714 1 Goldstein Goldstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1714 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1714 3 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1714 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1714 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1714 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1714 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1715 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1715 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1715 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1715 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1715 5 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1715 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1716 1 Sussex Sussex NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1716 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1716 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1716 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 5 898723 898723 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 7 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1717 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1718 1 Gould Gould NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1718 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1718 3 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1718 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1718 5 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1718 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1718 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 2 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 4 think think VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1719 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1720 1 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1720 2 Aronson Aronson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1720 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 7 87668 87668 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 9 751 751 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1721 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1722 1 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1722 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1722 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1722 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1722 5 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1722 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1722 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1723 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1723 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1723 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1723 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1723 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1723 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1724 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1724 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1724 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1724 4 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1724 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 5 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 7 091533 091533 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1725 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 1 Kaplan Kaplan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 3 Dana Dana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 4 Evan Evan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1726 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1727 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1727 2 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1727 3 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1727 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1727 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 2 Neusner Neusner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 4 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 6 Avery Avery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 8 Peck Peck NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 10 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1728 11 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1729 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1729 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1729 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1729 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1729 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1730 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1730 2 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1730 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1730 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1730 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1730 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1731 1 Malden Malden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1731 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1731 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1731 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1731 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1731 6 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1731 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 5 57718 57718 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 7 058 058 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1732 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1733 1 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1733 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1733 3 Shmuel Shmuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1733 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1733 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1733 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1733 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1734 1 Battleground battleground NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1734 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1734 3 Fact Fact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1734 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1734 5 Fantasy Fantasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1734 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1734 7 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1734 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1735 1 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1735 2 Productions Productions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1735 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 5 929093 929093 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 7 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1736 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1737 1 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1737 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1737 3 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1737 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1737 5 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1737 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1737 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1738 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1738 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1738 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1738 4 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1738 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1739 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1739 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1739 3 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1739 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1739 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1739 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 5 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 7 00807 00807 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 10 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 12 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 14 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1740 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 1 Semites Semites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 3 Anti Anti NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 4 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 5 Semites Semites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 8 Inquiry inquiry NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 10 Conflict Conflict NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 12 Prejudice Prejudice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1741 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 1 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 2 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 3 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 5 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 6 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 8 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 10 393 393 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 12 31839 31839 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 13 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 14 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 15 Littman Littman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 17 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 19 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1742 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 3 Under Under NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 4 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 5 Rule Rule NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 8 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 9 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 10 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1743 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1744 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1744 2 Wiener Wiener NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1744 3 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1744 4 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1744 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1745 1 XXXII XXXII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1745 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1745 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1745 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1745 5 49/50 49/50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1745 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1745 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1746 1 Neusner Neusner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1746 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1746 3 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1746 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1746 5 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1746 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1746 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1747 1 Studying study VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1747 2 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1747 3 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1747 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1747 5 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1747 6 Primer Primer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1747 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1748 1 Westminster Westminster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1748 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1748 3 Knox Knox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1748 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1748 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 5 664 664 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 7 25136 25136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1749 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1750 1 Poliakov Poliakov NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1750 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1750 3 Leon Leon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1750 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1750 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1750 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1750 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1751 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1751 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1751 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1751 4 Anti Anti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1751 5 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1751 6 semitism semitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1751 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1752 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1752 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1752 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1752 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1752 5 Vanguard Vanguard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1752 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1752 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1753 1 Ruderman Ruderman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1753 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1753 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1753 4 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 2 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 3 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 7 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 10 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 14 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 16 326 326 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 17 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1754 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 1 Examines examine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 2 print print NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 3 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 5 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 8 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 9 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 12 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 13 emphasizing emphasize VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 15 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 16 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 17 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 18 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 20 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 22 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 24 Kraków Kraków NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 26 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 28 Smyrna Smyrna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1755 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1756 1 Sharot Sharot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1756 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1756 3 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1756 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1756 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1756 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1756 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 2 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 3 Syncretism Syncretism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 5 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 6 Distinctiveness distinctiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 9 Comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 10 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 12 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 13 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 14 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 16 Communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1757 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1758 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1758 2 Endelman Endelman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1758 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1758 4 Todd Todd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1758 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1759 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1759 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1759 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1759 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1759 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1760 1 Comparing compare VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1760 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1760 3 Societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1760 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 1 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 2 Arbor Arbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 4 Mich. Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 8 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 9 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1761 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 5 472 472 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 7 06592 06592 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1762 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1763 1 Stillman Stillman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1763 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1763 3 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1763 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1763 5 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1763 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1763 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 4 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 5 Lands Lands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 10 Source Source NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 11 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1764 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1765 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1765 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1765 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1765 4 Publication Publication NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1765 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1765 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1765 7 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1765 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 5 8276 8276 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 7 0198 0198 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 10 Tausch Tausch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 12 Arno Arno NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 14 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 15 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 16 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1766 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 3 Effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 5 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 6 Nostra Nostra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 7 Aetate Aetate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 9 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 10 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 11 Analyses Analyses NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 13 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 14 Antisemitism Antisemitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 15 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 16 Than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 17 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 18 Decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 19 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 21 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 22 Vatican Vatican NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 23 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1767 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1768 1 SSRN SSRN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1768 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1768 3 3098079 3098079 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1768 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 8 Sweeney Sweeney NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 10 Marvin Marvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1769 11 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1770 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1770 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1770 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1770 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1770 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1770 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1770 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 3 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 4 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 6 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 7 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 9 586 586 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 11 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1771 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 2 Neusner Neusner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 4 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 6 Avery Avery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 8 Peck Peck NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 10 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1772 11 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1773 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1773 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1773 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1773 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1773 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1774 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1774 2 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1774 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1774 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1774 5 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1774 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1775 1 Malden Malden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1775 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1775 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1775 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1775 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1775 6 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1775 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 5 57718 57718 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 7 058 058 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1776 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 2 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 3 Jewsat Jewsat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 6 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 7 projects project VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 8 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 10 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 11 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 13 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 14 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 15 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 17 Wikinews Wikinews NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 18 Quotations Quotations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 20 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 21 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 23 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 24 Textbooks Textbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 26 Wikibooks Wikibooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 27 Resources Resources NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 29 Wikiversity Wikiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 30 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 32 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 33 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 36 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 37 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 38 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 39 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 42 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 43 Virtual Virtual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 44 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 45 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 46 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 49 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 50 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 51 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 52 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 55 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 56 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 57 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 58 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 59 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 62 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 63 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 64 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 65 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 66 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 67 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 70 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 71 Telegraphic Telegraphic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 72 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 73 Maps Maps NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 74 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 75 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 76 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 77 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 78 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 79 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 80 Curlie Curlie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 81 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 82 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 83 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 84 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 85 Berman Berman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 86 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 87 DataBank DataBank NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 88 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 89 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 90 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 91 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 92 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 93 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 94 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 95 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 96 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 97 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 98 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 99 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 100 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 101 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 102 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 103 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 104 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 105 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 106 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 107 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 108 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 109 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 110 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 111 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 112 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 113 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 114 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 115 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 116 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 117 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 118 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 119 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 120 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 121 Haskalah Haskalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 122 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 123 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 124 Assimilation Assimilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 125 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 126 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 127 Italkim Italkim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 128 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 129 Romaniote Romaniote NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 130 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 131 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 132 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 133 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 134 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 135 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 136 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 137 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 138 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 139 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 140 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 141 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 142 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 143 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 144 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 145 Judeo judeo NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 146 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 147 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 148 Judeo judeo NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 149 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 150 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 151 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 152 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 153 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 154 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 155 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 156 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 157 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 158 Persecution Persecution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 159 Antisemitism Antisemitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 160 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 161 Beliefs Beliefs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 162 Mitzvah Mitzvah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 163 Chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 164 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 165 Conversion Conversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 166 Eschatology Eschatology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 167 Messiah Messiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 168 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 169 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 170 Halakha Halakha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 171 Kabbalah Kabbalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 172 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 173 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 174 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 175 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 176 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 177 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 178 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1777 179 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 1 Divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 2 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 3 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 4 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 5 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 6 Hasidic Hasidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 7 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 8 Conservative Conservative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 9 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 10 Reconstructionist Reconstructionist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 11 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 12 Karaite Karaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 13 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 14 Samaritanism Samaritanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 15 Secularism Secularism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 16 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 17 Tanakh Tanakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 18 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 19 Nevi'im Nevi'im NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 20 Ketuvim Ketuvim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 21 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 22 Mishnah Mishnah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 23 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 24 Tosefta Tosefta VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 25 Midrash Midrash NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 26 Kabbalah Kabbalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 27 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 28 Zohar Zohar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 29 Shulchan Shulchan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 30 Aruch Aruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 31 Siddur Siddur NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 32 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 33 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 34 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 35 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 36 Holidays Holidays NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 37 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 38 Kashrut Kashrut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 39 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 40 Leadership Leadership NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 41 Rabbi Rabbi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 42 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 43 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 44 Names Names NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 45 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 46 Prayer Prayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 47 Synagogue Synagogue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 48 Hazzan Hazzan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 49 Symbolism Symbolism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 50 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 51 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 53 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 54 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 55 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 56 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 57 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 58 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 59 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 60 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 61 Federation Federation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 62 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 63 Baeck Baeck NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 64 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 65 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 66 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 67 Yeshiva Yeshiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 68 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 69 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 70 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 71 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 72 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 73 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 74 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 75 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 77 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 78 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 79 Documentation Documentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 80 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 81 Judaica Judaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 82 Genetics Genetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 83 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 84 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 85 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 86 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 87 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 88 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 89 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 90 Virtual Virtual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 91 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 92 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 93 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 95 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 96 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 97 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 98 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 99 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 100 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 101 Memorial Memorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 102 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 103 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 104 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 105 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 106 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 107 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 108 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 109 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 110 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 111 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 112 Abrahamic Abrahamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 113 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 114 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 115 Anabaptism Anabaptism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 116 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 117 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 118 Mormonism Mormonism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 119 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 120   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 121 Category category NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 122 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 123 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 124 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 125 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 126   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 127 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 128 portal portal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 129 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 130 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 131 BNE BNE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 132 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 133 XX526628 XX526628 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 134 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 135 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 136 cb11932167h cb11932167h FW en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 137 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 138 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 139 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 140 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 141 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 142 4028808 4028808 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 143 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 144 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 145 LCCN lccn NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 146 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 147 sh85070361 sh85070361 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 148 NARA NARA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 149 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 150 10638706 10638706 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 151 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 152 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 153 00574413 00574413 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 154 NLI NLI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 155 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 156 000702229 000702229 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 157 SUDOC SUDOC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 158 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 159 04072851X 04072851x NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 160 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 161 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 162 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 163 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jews&oldid=1002416071 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jews&oldid=1002416071 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 164 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 165 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 166 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 167 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 168 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 169 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 170 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 171 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 172 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 173 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 174 Ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 175 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 176 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 177 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 178 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 179 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 180 Ethno Ethno NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 181 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 182 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 183 designations designation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 184 Ethnoreligious ethnoreligious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 185 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 186 Hebrew Hebrew VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 187 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 188 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 189 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 190 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 191 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 192 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 193 Semitic semitic NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 194 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 195 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 196 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 197 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 198 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 199 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 200 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 201 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 202 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 203 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 204 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 205 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 206 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 207 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 208 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 209 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 210 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 211 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 212 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 213 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 214 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 215 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 216 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 217 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 218 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 219 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 220 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 221 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 222 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 223 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 224 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 225 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 226 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 227 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 228 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 229 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 230 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 231 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 232 Gregorian gregorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 233 uncertainty uncertainty NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 234 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 235 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 236 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 237 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 238 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 239 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 240 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 241 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 242 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 243 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 244 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 245 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 246 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 247 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 248 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 249 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 250 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 251 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 252 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 253 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 254 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 255 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 256 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 257 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 258 periodical periodical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 259 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 260 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 261 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 262 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 263 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 264 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 265 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 266 ru ru NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 267 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 268 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 269 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 270 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 271 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 272 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 273 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 274 ru ru NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 275 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 276 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 277 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 278 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 279 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 280 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 281 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 282 fr fr NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 283 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 284 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 285 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 286 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 287 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 288 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 289 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 290 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 291 1906 1906 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 292 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 293 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 294 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 295 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 296 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 297 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 298 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 299 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 300 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 301 1906 1906 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 302 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 303 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 304 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 305 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 306 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 307 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 308 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 309 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 310 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 311 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 312 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 313 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 314 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 315 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 316 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 317 extended extend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 318 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 319 confirmed confirm VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 320 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 321 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 322 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 323 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 324 dmy dmy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 325 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 326 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 327 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 328 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 329 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 330 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 331 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 332 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 333 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 334 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 335 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 336 Related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 337 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 338 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 339 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 340 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 341 confirmation confirmation NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 342 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 343 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 344 infobox infobox NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 345 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 346 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 347 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 348 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 349 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 350 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 351 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 352 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 353 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 354 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 355 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 356 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 357 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 358 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 359 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 360 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 361 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 362 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 363 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 364 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 365 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 366 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 367 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 368 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 369 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 370 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 371 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 372 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 373 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 374 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 375 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 376 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 377 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 378 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 379 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 380 1100 1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 381 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 382 1500)-language 1500)-language CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 383 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 384 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 385 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 386 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 387 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 388 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 389 842-ca 842-ca CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1778 390 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 1 1400)-language 1400)-language LS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 2 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 3 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 4 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 5 Ladin Ladin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 8 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 9 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 10 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 14 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 15 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 16 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 17 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 20 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 21 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 24 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 26 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 27 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 28 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 29 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 32 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 33 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 34 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 35 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 36 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 37 boxes box NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 38 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 39 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 41 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 42 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 43 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 44 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 45 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 46 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 47 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 48 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 49 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 50 Articles Articles NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 51 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 52 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 53 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 54 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 55 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 56 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 57 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 58 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 59 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 60 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 61 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 62 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 63 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 64 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 65 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 66 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 67 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 68 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 69 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 70 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 71 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 72 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 73 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 74 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 75 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 76 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 77 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 78 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 79 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 80 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 81 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 82 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 83 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 84 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 85 Sister Sister NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 86 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 87 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 88 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 89 hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 90 wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 91 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 92 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 93 Sister Sister NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 94 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 95 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 96 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 97 default default NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 98 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 99 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 100 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 101 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 102 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 103 links link VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 104 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 105 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 106 Curlie Curlie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 107 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 108 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 109 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 110 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 111 BNE BNE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 112 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 113 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 114 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 115 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 116 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 117 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 118 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 119 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 120 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 121 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 122 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 123 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 124 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 125 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 126 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 127 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 128 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP 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Pages NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 149 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 150 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 151 Graph Graph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 152 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 153 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 154 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 155 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 156 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 157 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 158 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 159 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 160 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 161 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 162 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 163 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 164 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 165 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 166 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 167 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 168 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 169 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 170 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 171 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 172 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 173 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 174 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 175 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 176 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 177 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 178 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 179 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 180 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 181 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 182 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 183 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 184 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 185 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 186 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 187 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 188 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 189 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 190 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 191 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 192 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 193 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 194 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 195 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 196 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 197 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 198 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 199 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 200 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 201 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 202 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 203 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 204 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 205 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 206 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 207 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 208 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 209 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 210 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 211 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 212 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 213 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 214 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 215 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 216 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 217 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 218 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 219 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 220 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 221 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 222 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 223 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 224 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 225 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 226 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 227 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 228 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 229 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 230 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 231 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 232 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 233 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 234 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 235 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 236 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 237 Aragonés aragonés JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 238 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 239 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 240 Авар Авар NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 241 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 242 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 243 Bân bân NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 244 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 245 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 246 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 247 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 248 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 249 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 250 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 251 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 252 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 253 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 254 Boarisch Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 255 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 256 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 257 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 258 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 259 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 260 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 261 ChiShona ChiShona NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 262 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 263 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 264 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 265 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 266 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 267 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 268 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 269 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 270 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 271 Føroyskt Føroyskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 272 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 273 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 274 Gaelg Gaelg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 275 Gagauz Gagauz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 276 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 277 ГӀалгӀай ГӀалгӀай NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 278 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 279 客家語 客家語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 280 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 281 Hak Hak NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 282 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 283 kâ kâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 284 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 285 ngî ngî NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 286 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 287 Hausa Hausa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 288 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 289 हिन्दी हिन्दी VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 290 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 291 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 292 Igbo Igbo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 293 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 294 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 295 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 296 Ирон Ирон NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 297 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 298 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 299 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 300 Jawa Jawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 301 ಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ XX en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 302 Къарачай Къарачай NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 303 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 304 малкъар малкъар NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 305 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 306 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 307 Kiswahili Kiswahili NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 308 Kongo Kongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 309 Kurdî Kurdî NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 310 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 311 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 312 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 313 Лезги Лезги NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 314 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 315 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 316 Македонски Македонски NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 317 Malagasy Malagasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 318 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 319 मराठी मराठी NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 320 მარგალური მარგალური NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 321 ဘာသာ ဘာသာ . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 322 မန် မန် NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 323 مازِرونی مازِرونی NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 324 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 325 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 326 Mìng Mìng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 327 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 328 dĕ̤ng dĕ̤ng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 329 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 330 ngṳ̄ ngṳ̄ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 331 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 332 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 333 Nedersaksies Nedersaksies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 334 日本語 日本語 NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 335 Нохчийн Нохчийн NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 336 Norfuk Norfuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 337 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 338 Pitkern Pitkern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 339 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 340 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 341 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 342 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 343 Nouormand Nouormand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 344 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 345 Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 346 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 347 پنجابی پنجابی JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 348 Plattdüütsch Plattdüütsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 349 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 350 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 351 Qırımtatarca Qırımtatarca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 352 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 353 Русиньскый Русиньскый NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 354 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 355 Саха Саха NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 356 тыла тыла NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 357 Sardu Sardu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 358 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 359 Shqip Shqip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 360 Sicilianu Sicilianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 361 සිංහල සිංහල NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 362 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 363 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 364 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 365 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 366 Ślůnski Ślůnski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 367 کوردی کوردی IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 368 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 369 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 370 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 371 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 372 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 373 српскохрватски српскохрватски JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 374 Sunda Sunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 375 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 376 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 377 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 378 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 379 Татарча Татарча NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 380 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 381 tatarça tatarça NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 382 ไทย ไทย NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 383 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 384 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 385 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 386 ئۇيغۇرچە ئۇيغۇرچە NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 387 / / , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 388 Uyghurche Uyghurche NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 389 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 390 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 391 Winaray Winaray NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 392 吴语 吴语 DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 393 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 394 粵語 粵語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 395 Zazaki Zazaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 396 Žemaitėška Žemaitėška NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 397 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 398 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 399 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 400 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 401 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 402 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 403 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 404 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 405 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 406 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 407 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 408 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 409 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 410 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 411 09:59 09:59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 412   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 413 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 414 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 415 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3049 1779 416 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-3049 1780 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1781 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1782 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3049 1783 13 statement statement NN