id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 17 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 19 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 22 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 24 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 25 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 27 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 29 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 30 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 32 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 4 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 6 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 8 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 9 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 11 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 12 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 14 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 16 scattered scatter VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 17 locations location NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 2 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 6 confused confuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 8 Amharic Amharic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 11 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 15 Ethiopia Ethiopia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 3 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 2 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 4 ארמיא ארמיא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 6 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀 VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 7 Arāmāyā Arāmāyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 8 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 9 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 10 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 12 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 14 Fertile Fertile NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 15 Crescent Crescent NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 17 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 18 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 19 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 20 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 21 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 23 Asiatic asiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 24 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 25 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 26 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 27 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 28 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 29 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 30 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 31 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 32 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 33 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 34 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 35 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 37 900–700 900–700 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 38 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 40 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 41 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 42 Subdivisions Subdivisions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 43 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 44 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 45 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 46 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 47 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 48 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 50 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 51 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 52 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 53 arc arc NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 54 Linguasphere Linguasphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 55 12-AAA 12-aaa CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 56 Glottolog Glottolog NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 57 aram1259 aram1259 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 58 Arāmāyā Arāmāyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 60 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 61 Esṭrangelā Esṭrangelā NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 62 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 63 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 64 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 65 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 66 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 67 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 69 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 70 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 71 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 72 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 73 Arāmāyā Arāmāyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 74 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 75 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 76 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 77 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 78 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀 RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 79 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 80 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 81 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 82 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 83 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 84 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 85 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 86 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 87 אַרָמָיָא אַרָמָיָא NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 89 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 90 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 91 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 92 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 93 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 94 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 95 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 96 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 98 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 99 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 100 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 101 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 102 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 103 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 104 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 105 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 106 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 107 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 108 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 109 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 110 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 111 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 112 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 113 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 114 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 115 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 116 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 117 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 118 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 119 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 120 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 4 121 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 3 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 4 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 5 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 6 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 7 history,[1 history,[1 JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 9 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 10 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 11 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 12 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 13 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 15 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 5 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 3 served serve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 8 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 11 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 13 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 14 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 16 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 24 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 25 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 27 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 28 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 6 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 2 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 3 branched branch VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 4 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 5 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 6 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 9 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 12 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 15 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 16 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 7 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 2 2][3][4][5 2][3][4][5 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 6 belongs belong VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 9 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 10 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 14 Afroasiatic afroasiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 16 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 20 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 22 Canaanite Canaanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 23 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 27 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 29 Edomite Edomite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 31 Moabite Moabite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 34 Phoenician Phoenician NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 36 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 37 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 39 Amorite Amorite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 41 Ugaritic Ugaritic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 8 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 6 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 8 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 9 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 15 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 17 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 19 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 20 alphabets alphabet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 9 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 1 Historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 3 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 11 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 14 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 16 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 20 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 23 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 24 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 27 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 28 Tigris Tigris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 29 valley valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 10 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 2 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 3 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 4 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 7 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 10 string string NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 12 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 14 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 16 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 17 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 19 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 21 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 25 fringes fringe NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 27 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 28 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 30 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 11 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 2 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 4 prominence prominence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 5 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 7 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 9 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 12 911–605 911–605 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 17 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 18 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 19 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 20 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 22 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 24 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 25 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 26 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 29 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 30 franca franca NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 33 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 36 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 37 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 38 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 39 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 40 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 43 Levant levant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 45 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 47 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 48 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 12 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 3 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 7 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 8 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 9 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 10 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 11 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 15 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 17 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 18 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 19 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 20 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 21 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 23 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 24 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 26 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 28 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 30 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 32 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 34 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 36 Kuwait Kuwait NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 38 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 39 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 41 Bahrain Bahrain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 43 Sinai Sinai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 45 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 47 southeast southeast JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 49 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 50 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 51 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 54 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 56 northwest northwest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 57 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 13 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 9 Jesus,[8][9][10 Jesus,[8][9][10 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 12 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 14 Galilean Galilean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 15 dialect dialect VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 18 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 19 ministry ministry NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 25 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 27 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 28 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 31 biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 32 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 34 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 36 Ezra Ezra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 39 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 40 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 43 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 46 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 14 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 2 scribes scribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 5 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 7 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 8 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 12 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 16 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 18 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 19 inherited inherit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 22 succeeding succeed VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 23 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 25 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 26 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 28 605–539 605–539 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 29 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 33 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 36 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 39 539–330 539–330 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 40 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 15 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 4 Mediated mediate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 6 scribes scribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 10 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 15 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 16 standardized standardize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 17 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 18 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 20 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 22 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 24 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 25 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 27 progressively progressively RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 28 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 29 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 31 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 32 franca franca NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 34 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 35 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 37 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 39 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 40 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 42 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 43 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 16 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 4 Wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 5 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 7 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 9 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 10 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 13 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 16 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 17 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 21 logograms logogram NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 23 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 24 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 25 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 28 Pahlavi Pahlavi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 29 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 33 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 35 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 36 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 37 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 38 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 40 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 41 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 43 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 44 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 46 Sogdian Sogdian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 49 Khwarazmian Khwarazmian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 17 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 6 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 7 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 9 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 11 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 14 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 17 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 19 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 20 divergent divergent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 21 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 25 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 26 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 27 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 29 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 31 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 32 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 33 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 34 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 35 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 36 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 39 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 40 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 41 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 42 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 43 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 44 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 18 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 7 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 9 static static JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 13 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 14 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 16 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 17 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 19 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 21 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 22 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 19 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 2 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 3 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 4 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 5 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 8 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 9 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 11 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 12 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 13 restricted restrict VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 15 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 16 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 18 Mandean mandean JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 19 gnostic gnostic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 20 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 22 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 24 northeastern northeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 25 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 27 northwestern northwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 28 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 30 southeastern southeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 31 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 33 whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 35 severely severely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 36 endangered endanger VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 37 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 38 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 40 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 42 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 44 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 45 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 47 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 49 northwestern northwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 50 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 20 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 5 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 10 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 12 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 13 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 15 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 16 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 17 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 21 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 1 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 2 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 3 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 4 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 6 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 7 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 10 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 13 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 14 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 22 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 5 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 6 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 8 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 10 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 11 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 14 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 17 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 18 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 21 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 24 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 25 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 26 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 29 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 30 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 31 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 34 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 35 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 36 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 39 Maronite Maronite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 40 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 43 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 45 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 46 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 47 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 48 denominations denomination NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 50 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 23 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 2 15][16 15][16 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 7 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 8 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 10 Mandaic,[17 mandaic,[17 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 13 besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 14 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 16 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 18 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 20 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 23 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 25 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 26 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 28 Mandaeism Mandaeism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 24 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 4 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 8 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 12 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 14 extinct extinct VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 15 gnostic gnostic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 16 faiths faith NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 20 Manichaeism Manichaeism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 25 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 1 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 3 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 4 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 6 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 7 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 8 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 15 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 17 Syriac Syriac NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 18 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 23 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 26 Kurdish kurdish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 31 Mandaeans Mandaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 34 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 35 East,[19][20 East,[19][20 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 37 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 38 numerously numerously RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 40 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 41 Syriacs Syriacs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 43 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 45 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 46 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 47 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 48 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 50 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 52 Chaldeans Chaldeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 56 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 57 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 59 fluent fluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 60 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 61 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 62 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 63 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 64 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 65 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 66 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 67 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 68 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 70 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 72 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 73 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 74 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 75 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 76 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 77 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 78 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 79 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 80 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 81 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 82 590,000 590,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 83 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 84 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 86 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 87 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 88 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 89 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 90 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 91 240,000 240,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 92 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 93 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 94 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 95 Turoyo Turoyo NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 97 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 98 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 100 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 101 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 102 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 103 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 104 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 105 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 106 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 107 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 108 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 109 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 110 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 111 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 112 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 113 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 114 5,000 5,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 115 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 116 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 117 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 118 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 119 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 26 120 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 3 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 4 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 7 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 8 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 9 lingua lingua FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 10 franca franca JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 11 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 12 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 14 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 15 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 16 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 18 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 19 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 27 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 7 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 8 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 9 endangered endanger VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 28 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 2 21 21 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 10 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 11 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 13 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 14 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 15 retirement retirement NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 16 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 19 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 21 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 22 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 23 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 25 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 29 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 3 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 5 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 7 record record VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 8 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 10 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 12 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 15 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 16 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 18 go go VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 19 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 30 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 4 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 6 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 9 Aramean aramean JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 12 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 13 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 15 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 19 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 24 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 26 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 27 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 28 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 29 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 31 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 4 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 6 Name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 8 Geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 9 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 10 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 14 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 15 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 16 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 17 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 18 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 19 Periodization periodization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 20 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 21 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 22 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 23 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 24 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 25 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 26 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 27 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 28 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 29 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 30 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 31 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 32 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 33 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 34 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 35 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 36 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 37 5.5 5.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 38 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 39 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 42 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 43 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 44 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 45 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 46 5.5.1 5.5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 47 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 48 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 51 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 52 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 53 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ 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Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 77 6.1.1 6.1.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 78 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 79 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 80 6.1.2 6.1.2 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 81 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 82 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 83 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 84 6.1.3 6.1.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 85 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 86 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 87 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 88 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 89 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 90 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 91 6.2.1 6.2.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 92 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 93 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 94 6.2.2 6.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 95 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 96 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 97 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 98 6.2.3 6.2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 99 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 100 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 101 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 102 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 103 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 104 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 105 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 106 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 107 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 108 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 109 7.2 7.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 110 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 111 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 112 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 113 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 114 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 115 8.1 8.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 116 Vowels Vowels NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 117 8.2 8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 118 Consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 119 8.3 8.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 120 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 121 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 122 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 123 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 124 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 125 9.1 9.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 126 Nouns Nouns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 127 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 128 adjectives adjective VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 129 9.2 9.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 130 Verbs Verbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 131 9.2.1 9.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 132 Aspectual aspectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 133 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 134 9.2.2 9.2.2 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 135 Conjugations Conjugations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 136 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 137 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 138 stems stem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 139 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 140 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 141 also also 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en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 164 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 32 165 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 4 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 5 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 7 1704 1704 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 12 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 16 1821 1821 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 19 Ulrich Ulrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 20 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 21 Kopp Kopp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 22 complained complain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 24 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 25 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 28 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 29 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 30 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 34 Phoenicians Phoenicians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 36 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 39 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 42 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 43 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 44 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 33 45 not not RB 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en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 19 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 22 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 24 endonymic endonymic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 26 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 28 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 32 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 33 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 34 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 36 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 37 exonymic exonymic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 39 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 41 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 43 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 34 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 1 Native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 3 endonymic endonymic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 5 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 10 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 14 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 15 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 18 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 21 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 22 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 25 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 26 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 35 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 1 Endonymic endonymic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 2 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 5 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 8 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 9 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 11 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 12 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 13 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 36 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 3 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 5 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 6 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 10 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 16 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 17 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 19 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 20 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 22 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 24 Shem Shem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 26 Genesis Genesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 27 10:22 10:22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 30 Nahor Nahor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 32 Genesis Genesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 33 22:21 22:21 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 37 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 39 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 40 Chronicles Chronicles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 41 7:34 7:34 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 37 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 4 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 6 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 8 designations designation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 15 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 18 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 19 exonymic exonymic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 38 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 2 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 3 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 9 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 10 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 13 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 14 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 15 language”,[26 language”,[26 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 18 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 21 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 23 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 24 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 25 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 27 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 30 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 31 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 33 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 39 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 3 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 5 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 6 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 7 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 10 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 12 Assyria,[27][28 Assyria,[27][28 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 15 biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 16 Ashur,[29 ashur,[29 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 19 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 20 Ashuru,[30 Ashuru,[30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 23 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 24 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 26 semantic semantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 27 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 29 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 31 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 33 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 35 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 36 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 37 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 38 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 39 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 41 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 42 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 40 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 1 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 3 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 6 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 7 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 8 Posidonius Posidonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 10 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 11 stated state VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 14 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 15 Syrians Syrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 16 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 17 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 18 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 19 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 20 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 21 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 41 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 2 31][32][33][34 31][32][33][34 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 5 Septuagint Septuagint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 8 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 9 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 10 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 13 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 15 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 17 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 18 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 20 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 21 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 23 Masoretic Masoretic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 24 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 27 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 28 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 29 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 30 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 33 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 35 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 37 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 38 Aramean Aramean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 40 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 42 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 43 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 44 bibles bible NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 45 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 47 Septuagint Septuagint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 48 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 49 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 51 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 53 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 54 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 55 Version Version NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 42 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 5 connection connection NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 7 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 9 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 12 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 18 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 19 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 21 1679 1679 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 23 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 24 theologian theologian NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 25 Johann Johann NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 26 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 27 Hilliger Hilliger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 43 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 2 36][37 36][37 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 5 connection connection NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 8 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 9 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 13 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 15 1835 1835 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 17 Étienne Étienne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 18 Marc Marc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 19 Quatremère Quatremère NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 44 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 2 26][38 26][38 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 5 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 7 bordering border VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 8 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 11 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 13 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 14 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 15 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 18 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 20 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 21 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 23 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 26 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 29 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 31 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 33 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 34 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 36 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 37 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 38 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 39 3500 3500 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 40 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 45 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 5 mistakenly mistakenly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 6 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 9 originated originate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 10 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 11 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 13 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 46 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 4 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 5 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 9 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 11 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 13 voluntary voluntary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 14 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 17 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 18 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 20 conquering conquer VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 21 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 25 nomadic nomadic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 26 Chaldean chaldean JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 27 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 29 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 30 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 32 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 34 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 36 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 37 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 47 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 5 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 7 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 8 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 10 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 11 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 12 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 13 Ἑβραϊστί Ἑβραϊστί NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 14 Hebraïstí Hebraïstí NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 16 denote denote VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 18 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 22 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 25 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 28 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 29 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 30 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 33 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 48 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 5 Hellenized hellenized JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 7 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 9 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 10 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 11 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 18 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 19 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 49 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 1 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 2 distribution[edit distribution[edit . en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 4 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 5 inscription inscription NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 8 Syro Syro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 10 Malabar Malabar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 11 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 12 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 14 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 15 Archbishop Archbishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 17 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 19 Kerala Kerala NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 21 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 22 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 24 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 26 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 28 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 30 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 31 Empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 33 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 36 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 37 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 39 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 41 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 43 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 45 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 46 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 48 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 49 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 51 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 54 later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 56 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 58 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 59 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 61 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 62 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 63 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 64 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 65 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 67 northeast northeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 68 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 70 northwest northwest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 71 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 74 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 75 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 76 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 78 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 79 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 80 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 81 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 83 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 84 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 50 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 5 influx influx NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 6 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 7 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 10 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 12 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 15 911–605 911–605 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 18 adopting adopt VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 20 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 22 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 23 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 24 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 27 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 28 franca franca NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 31 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 51 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 5 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 7 continued continue VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 10 short short NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 12 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 13 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 15 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 18 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 21 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 22 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 23 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 24 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 25 operationally operationally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 26 bilingual bilingual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 28 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 29 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 32 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 33 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 34 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 35 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 52 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 2 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 5 539–323 539–323 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 8 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 10 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 14 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 15 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 18 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 19 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 21 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 22 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 23 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 25 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 26 franca franca NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 28 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 30 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 31 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 34 Arabian Arabian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 35 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 37 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 40 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 43 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 53 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 4 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 7 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 10 Rashidun Rashidun NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 11 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 14 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 15 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 18 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 19 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 20 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 21 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 24 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 25 franca franca VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 28 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 29 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 54 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 7 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 9 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 11 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 14 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 17 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 18 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 21 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 22 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 55 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 3 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 6 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 9 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 11 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 13 northeastern northeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 14 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 16 southeastern southeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 17 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 19 northwest northwest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 20 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 23 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 24 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 26 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 28 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 30 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 32 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 33 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 56 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 2 Mandaeans Mandaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 4 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 6 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 7 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 11 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 14 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 16 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 17 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 18 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 57 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 6 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 9 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 12 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 15 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 17 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 18 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 19 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 21 isolated isolated JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 22 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 24 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 25 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 58 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 1 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 3 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 6 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 11 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 13 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 14 engaged engage VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 16 mutual mutual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 17 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 19 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 21 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 23 Arabic,[41 Arabic,[41 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 25 Iranian,[42 Iranian,[42 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 28 Kurdish kurdish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 59 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 5 turbulence turbulence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 8 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 10 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 12 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 14 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 15 genocide genocide NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 18 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 19 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 25 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 26 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 27 dispersed disperse VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 28 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 30 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 60 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 8 sizable sizable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 9 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 10 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 12 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 13 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 16 Alqosh Alqosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 18 Bakhdida Bakhdida NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 20 Bartella Bartella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 22 Tesqopa Tesqopa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 25 Tel Tel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 26 Keppe Keppe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 29 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 30 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 31 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 33 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 34 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 36 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 38 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 39 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 40 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 43 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 44 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 45 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 47 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 48 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 49 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 50 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 51 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 52 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 54 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 55 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 57 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 58 Mosul Mosul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 60 Erbil Erbil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 62 Kirkuk Kirkuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 64 Dohuk Dohuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 67 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 68 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 69 Hasakah Hasakah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 61 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 2 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 3 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 6 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 7 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 9 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 13 Kurdish Kurdish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 14 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 16 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 20 dying die VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 21 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2561 62 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 9 experiencing experience VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 11 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 12 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 13 Maronites Maronites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 15 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 17 Jish Jish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 63 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 7 dialects[edit dialects[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 10 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 17 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 18 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 22 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 28 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 30 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 32 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 33 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 64 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 5 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 8 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 11 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 15 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 17 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 18 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 19 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 65 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 2 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 3 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 5 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 6 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 9 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 11 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 12 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 13 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 16 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 19 diversification diversification NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 66 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 3 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 5 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 6 intelligible intelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 8 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 9 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 14 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 16 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 18 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 19 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 21 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 67 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 3 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 5 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 8 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 11 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 13 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 15 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 18 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 20 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 21 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 22 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 23 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 25 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 26 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 27 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 29 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 31 southeastern southeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 32 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 34 northeastern northeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 35 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 38 northwestern northwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 39 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 42 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 43 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 44 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 46 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 68 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 5 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 7 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 9 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 13 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 17 dividing divide VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 18 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 19 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 20 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 22 Euphrates Euphrates NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 25 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 26 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 69 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 4 helpful helpful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 6 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 8 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 10 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 15 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 16 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 17 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 19 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 20 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 22 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 24 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 28 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 31 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 33 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 35 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 36 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 39 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 40 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 41 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 42 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 44 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 45 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 47 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 49 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 70 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 5 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 8 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 11 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 12 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 14 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 18 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 23 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 25 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 27 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 29 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 33 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 35 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 38 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 39 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 41 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 42 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 44 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 45 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 46 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 47 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 71 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 1 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 2 system[edit system[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 4 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 6 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 8 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 9 Serto Serto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 10 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 11 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 14 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 16 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 17 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 18 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 20 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 23 Phoenician phoenician JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 24 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 72 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 2 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 5 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 7 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 9 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 11 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 73 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 2 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 3 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 6 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 8 Canaan Canaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 9 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 11 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 13 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 15 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 74 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 5 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 9 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 10 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 11 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 75 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 4 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 5 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 8 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 9 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 13 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 76 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 3 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 4 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 5 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 10 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 12 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 13 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 16 cursive cursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 18 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 21 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 22 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 77 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 2 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 3 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 4 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 8 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 11 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 12 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 15 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 18 Mandaeans Mandaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 78 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 8 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 9 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 11 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 12 derivatives derivative NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 16 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 20 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 21 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 23 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 24 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 27 Nabataean nabataean JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 28 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 30 Petra Petra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 33 Palmyrene palmyrene JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 34 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 36 Palmyra Palmyra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 79 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 3 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 5 Turoyo Turoyo NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 7 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 8 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 11 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 13 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 16 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 17 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 80 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 1 Periodization[edit periodization[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 3 Periodization periodization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 5 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 6 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 13 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 15 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 16 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 18 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 21 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 22 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 23 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 25 periodization periodization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 27 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 29 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 31 chronological chronological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 33 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 34 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 81 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 1 Overlapping overlap VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 2 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 6 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 7 periodizations periodization NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 9 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 12 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 14 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 15 polysemic polysemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 16 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 21 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 22 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 23 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 82 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 1 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 2 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 4 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 7 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 10 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 13 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 16 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 17 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 21 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 23 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 24 Paleo Paleo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 26 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 30 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 32 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 33 meanings meaning NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 35 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 36 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 39 scope scope NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 41 substance substance NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 44 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 45 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 47 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 48 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 50 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 51 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 83 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 2 46][47][48 46][47][48 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 4 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 5 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 7 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 9 periodization periodization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 11 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 13 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 14 Beyer Beyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 16 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 17 Fitzmyer Fitzmyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 84 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 1 Periodization Periodization NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 3 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 4 Beyer Beyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 6 1929 1929 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 8 2014):[2 2014):[2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 10 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 15 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 16 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 19 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 20 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 21 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 22 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 23 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 26 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 27 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 28 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 31 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 32 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 33 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 34 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 35 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 38 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 39 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 40 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 42 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 45 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 46 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 47 Periodization Periodization NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 49 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 50 Fitzmyer Fitzmyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 52 1920–2016):[49 1920–2016):[49 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 54 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 55 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 57 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 59 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 60 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 62 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 63 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 64 prominence prominence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 65 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 66 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 67 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 68 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 69 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 71 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 72 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 73 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 74 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 76 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 77 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 78 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 79 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 80 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 81 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 83 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 84 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 85 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 86 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 88 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 89 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 90 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 91 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 92 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 93 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 95 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 96 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 97 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 98 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 99 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 100 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 101 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 102 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 103 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 104 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 105 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 106 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 107 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 108 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 109 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 110 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 112 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 113 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 114 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 115 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 116 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 117 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 118 periodization periodization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 119 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 120 Aaron Aaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 121 Butts:[50 Butts:[50 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 122 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 123 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 124 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 125 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 126 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 127 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 128 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 129 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 130 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 131 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 132 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 133 538 538 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 134 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 135 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 136 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 138 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 139 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 140 538 538 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 141 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 143 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 144 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 145 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 146 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 147 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 148 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 149 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 150 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 151 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 152 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 153 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 154 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 155 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 156 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 157 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 158 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 159 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 160 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 161 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 162 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 163 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 164 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 165 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 166 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 167 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 168 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 169 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 170 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 171 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 172 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 173 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 174 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 175 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 85 176 c. c. 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25 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 30 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 31 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 33 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 34 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 36 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 37 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 90 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 1 Heinrichs Heinrichs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 2 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 4 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 5 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 6 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 9 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 91 10 century,[53 century,[53 CD 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VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 103 16 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 103 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 103 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 103 19 unity unity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 103 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 1 Different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 3 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 5 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 7 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 10 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 12 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 104 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 1 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 2 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 5 Adon Adon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 8 Canaanite Canaanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 9 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 11 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 12 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 14 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 17 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 18 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 105 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 4 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 5 Aramaic[edit aramaic[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 10 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 12 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 16 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 17 Syro Syro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 19 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 20 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 21 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 22 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 23 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 25 Damascus Damascus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 26 Paddan Paddan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 27 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 28 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 29 Rehob Rehob NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 30 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 31 Soba Soba NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 32 Aramean Aramean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 33 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 34 Irhuleni Irhuleni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 35 Hezion Hezion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 36 Tabrimmon Tabrimmon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 37 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 39 Hadad Hadad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 40 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 41 Hadadezer Hadadezer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 42 Hazael Hazael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 43 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 45 Hadad Hadad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 46 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 47 Rezin Rezin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 48 Aramean Aramean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 49 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 50 Amrit Amrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 51 Arpad Arpad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 52 Bit Bit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 53 Bahiani Bahiani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 54 Coba Coba NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 55 Höyük Höyük NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 56 Gidara Gidara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 57 Hama Hama NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 58 Qarqar Qarqar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 59 Ruhizzi Ruhizzi VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 60 Sam'al Sam'al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 61 Tell tell VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 62 Aran Aran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 63 Tell Tell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 64 Halaf Halaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 65 Til Til NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 66 Barsip Barsip NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 67 Upu Upu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 68 Zobah Zobah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 69 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 70 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 71 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 72 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 73 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 74 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 75 Around Around NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 76 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 77 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 79 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 81 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 82 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 83 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 84 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 85 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 86 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 87 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 88 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 89 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 90 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 92 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 93 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 94 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 95 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 96 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 97 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 98 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 99 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 100 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 101 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 102 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 103 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 104 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 105 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 106 conquerors conqueror NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 107 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 108 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 109 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 110 vehicle vehicle NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 111 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 112 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 113 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 114 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 115 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 116 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 117 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 118 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 119 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 120 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 121 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 106 122 with with IN 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17 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 18 Aramaic,[56][11][57 Aramaic,[56][11][57 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 20 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 22 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 24 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 25 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 26 contributed contribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 29 astonishing astonishing JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 30 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 33 Achaemenids Achaemenids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 35 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 37 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 39 flung flung JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 40 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 41 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 43 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 44 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 46 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 47 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 107 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 5 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 7 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 8 Frye Frye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 9 questioned question VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 11 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 13 Imperial Imperial NNP 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36 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 108 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 4 Frye frye NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 5 reclassifies reclassify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 6 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 10 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 11 franca franca VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 14 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 15 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 17 suggesting suggest VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 18 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 109 21 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP 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more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 13 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 14 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 16 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 17 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 18 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 22 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 23 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 25 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 26 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 28 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 30 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 31 clarity clarity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 33 robust robust JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 34 flexibility flexibility NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 110 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 2 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 3 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 5 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 8 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 12 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 16 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 17 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 21 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 111 22 thereof thereof RB 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27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 114 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 2 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 5 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 9 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 11 Ahikar Ahikar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 14 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 16 instructive instructive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 17 aphorisms aphorism NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 18 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 19 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 21 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 115 23 the the 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en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 19 2:4b-7:28 2:4b-7:28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 23 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 25 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 27 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 29 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 116 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 4 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 7 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 8 uniform uniform JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 117 11 is be VBZ 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Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 6 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 7 bears bear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 9 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 10 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 11 resemblance resemblance NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 13 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 16 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 17 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 19 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 23 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 136 26 2nd 2nd JJ 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in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 8 Mishnah Mishnah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 10 Tosefta Tosefta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 12 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 13 smoothed smooth VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 16 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 17 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 141 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 3 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 4 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 5 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 7 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 13 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 15 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 17 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 19 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 20 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 22 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 23 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 24 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 142 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 143 1 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 143 2 Targumic Targumic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 143 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 143 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 143 5 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 143 6 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 143 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 143 8 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 19 turned turn VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 22 n n NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 26 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 29 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 30 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 159 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 1 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 2 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 4 Nabataean Nabataean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 6 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 160 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 2 Nabataean Nabataean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 4 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 5 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 9 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 12 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 16 datable datable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 17 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 22 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 23 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 24 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 161 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 4 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 7 cursive cursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 8 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 12 precursor precursor NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 15 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 16 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 162 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 2 annexation annexation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 5 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 7 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 8 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 10 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 12 Nabataea Nabataea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 14 subsumed subsume VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 17 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 19 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 20 Petraea Petraea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 23 Nabataeans Nabataeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 24 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 26 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 28 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 29 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 33 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 35 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 36 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 163 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 1 Palmyrene Palmyrene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 5 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 9 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 12 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 13 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 16 Palmyra Palmyra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 19 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 20 Desert Desert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 22 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 23 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 25 274 274 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 26 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 164 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 3 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 6 rounded round VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 7 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 10 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 11 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 12 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 14 cursive cursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 15 Estrangela Estrangela NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 165 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 2 Nabataean Nabataean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 4 Palmyrene Palmyrene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 6 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 8 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 13 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 14 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 15 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 166 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 2 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 4 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 8 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 9 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 11 precipitated precipitate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 13 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 15 Aramaic(-derived aramaic(-derived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 17 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 19 render render VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 21 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 23 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 24 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 25 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 167 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 4 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 7 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 8 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 9 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 11 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 13 numerals numeral NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 16 auxiliaries auxiliary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 18 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 20 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 22 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 24 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 26 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 27 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 28 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 29 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 30 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 31 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 168 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 2 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 5 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 6 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 9 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 13 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 14 disassociated disassociate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 17 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 20 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 23 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 25 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 169 27 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 1 logograms logogram NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 4 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 5 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 7 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 8 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 10 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 12 read read VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 21 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 22 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 23 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 25 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 26 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 27 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 28 obvious obvious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 170 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 4 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 8 Parthians Parthians NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 9 Arsacids Arsacids NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 11 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 12 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 13 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 14 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 16 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 17 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 20 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 23 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 27 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 29 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 30 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 31 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 32 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 33 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 34 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 171 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 3 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 5 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 8 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 11 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 12 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 13 pahlavi pahlavi NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 14 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 16 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 17 parthawi parthawi NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 22 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 26 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 27 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 28 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 172 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 2 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 3 Sassanids Sassanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 6 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 8 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 9 Arsacids Arsacids NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 12 mid-3rd mid-3rd NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 14 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 16 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 17 inherited inherit VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 18 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 19 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 21 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 23 mediated mediate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 24 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 26 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 27 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 28 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 31 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 32 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 33 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 34 ethnolect ethnolect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 35 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 36 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 173 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 2 69][70 69][70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 4 That that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 6 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 7 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 8 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 10 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 11 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 174 13 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 4 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 5 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 7 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 11 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 175 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 3 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 6 Sassanids Sassanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 9 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 12 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 17 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 19 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 20 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 21 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 23 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 25 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 26 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 28 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 29 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 30 Zoroastrian zoroastrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 31 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 34 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 36 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 38 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 39 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 40 pahlavi pahlavi NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 41 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 44 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 46 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 47 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 48 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 50 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 51 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 52 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 53 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 55 bulk bulk NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 57 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 58 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 59 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 60 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 62 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 63 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 64 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 176 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 5 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 6 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 7 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 8 period[edit period[edit . en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 10 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 11 magical magical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 13 demon demon NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 14 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 16 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 17 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 19 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 21 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 23 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 24 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 25 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 26 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 27 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 28 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 31 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 32 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 34 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 35 descended descend VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 37 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 38 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 177 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 5 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 6 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 8 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 10 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 11 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 14 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 16 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 18 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 19 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 21 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 178 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 2 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 5 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 6 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 12 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 14 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 16 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 20 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 21 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 179 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 5 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 6 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 7 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 9 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 13 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 15 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 180 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 3 reflect reflect VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 5 stream stream NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 11 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 12 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 14 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 20 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 22 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 23 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 24 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 25 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 26 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 28 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 29 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 181 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 1 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 5 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 6 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 7 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 8 period[edit period[edit . 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182 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 32 Arsacid Arsacid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 33 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 34 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 35 merged merge VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 38 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 39 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 40 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 42 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 43 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 44 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 47 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 49 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 52 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 54 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 55 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 182 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 3 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 5 Osroene Osroene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 7 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 9 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 10 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 12 centred centre VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 14 Edessa Edessa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 16 Urhay Urhay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 20 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 183 21 dialect 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CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 184 26 Assur Assur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 184 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 184 28 Assurian Assurian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 184 29 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 184 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 184 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 1 Tatian Tatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 4 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 7 gospel gospel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 8 harmony harmony NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 10 Diatessaron Diatessaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 11 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 13 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 16 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 185 17 wrote write VBD 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 186 20 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 186 21 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 186 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 186 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 2 everyday everyday JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 4 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 5 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 8 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 10 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 13 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 14 Targumic Targumic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 187 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 2 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 3 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 5 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 11 Mandaean Mandaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 12 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 15 descended descend VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 18 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 19 chancery chancery NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 20 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 188 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 189 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 189 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 189 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 189 4 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 189 5 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 189 6 of of IN 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191 6 Canaanite Canaanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 7 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 9 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 10 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 11 displacing displace VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 12 Phoenician Phoenician NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 19 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 20 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 22 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 25 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 27 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 191 28 . . . 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Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 192 25 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 192 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 2 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 3 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 5 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 6 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 7 Jordanian Jordanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 10 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 11 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 14 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 16 Caesarea Caesarea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 17 Philippi Philippi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 193 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 194 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 194 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 194 3 the the DT 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 194 16 170 170 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 194 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 194 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 194 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 2 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 3 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 4 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 9 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 10 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 11 Judaean Judaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 12 lasting last VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 15 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 17 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 195 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 196 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 196 2 Judean 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en-wikipedia-org-2561 202 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 203 1 Unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 203 2 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 203 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 203 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 203 5 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 203 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 203 7 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 203 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 3 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 6 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 7 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 11 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 13 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 14 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 16 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 18 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 19 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 21 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 22 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 26 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 31 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 32 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 33 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 34 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 204 37 decreasing decrease VBG 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20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 31 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 33 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 39 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 40 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 205 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 1 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 8 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 10 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 11 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 206 13 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en-wikipedia-org-2561 208 11 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 208 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 208 13 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 208 14 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 208 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 208 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 209 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 209 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 209 3 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 209 4 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 209 5 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 209 6 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 209 7 intelligible intelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 209 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 2 Judean Judean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 5 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 6 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 8 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 210 9 and and CC 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en-wikipedia-org-2561 223 9 semiticisms semiticism NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 223 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 223 11 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 223 12 transliterations transliteration NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 223 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 223 14 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 223 15 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 223 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 5 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 6 talitha talitha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 8 ταλιθα ταλιθα NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 12 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 14 noun noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 15 טליתא טליתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 16 ṭalīṯā ṭalīṯā NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 18 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 19 5:41 5:41 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 23 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 24 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 26 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 27 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 29 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 30 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 31 רבוני רבוני JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 32 Rabbounei Rabbounei NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 34 Ραββουνει Ραββουνει NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 37 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 38 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 40 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 41 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 42 / / CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 43 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 44 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 45 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 46 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 49 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 50 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 52 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 53 20:16 20:16 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 224 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 2 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 5 Talitha Talitha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 6 kumi kumi NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 9 טליתא טליתא JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 10 קומי קומי NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 13 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 14 5:41 5:41 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 17 Ephphatha Ephphatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 20 אתפתח אתפתח NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 23 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 24 7:34 7:34 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 27 Eloi eloi FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 29 Eloi eloi FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 31 lama lama FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 32 sabachthani sabachthani FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 33 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 225 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 2 אלי אלי NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 4 אלי אלי NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 6 למה למה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 7 שבקתני שבקתני NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 226 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 3 15:34 15:34 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 7 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 9 Passion Passion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 12 Christ Christ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 13 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 16 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 19 dialogue dialogue NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 21 specially specially RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 22 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 25 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 27 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 28 Fulco Fulco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 227 30 S.J. S.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 1 Where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 3 appropriate appropriate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 7 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 13 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 14 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 17 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 18 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 22 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 24 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 27 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 29 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 32 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 34 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 35 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 228 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 4 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 5 Aramaic[edit Aramaic[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 8 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 10 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 12 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 15 threshold threshold NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 17 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 19 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 229 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 3 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 6 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 9 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 11 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 13 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 14 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 16 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 230 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 2 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 4 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 6 ceased cease VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 9 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 14 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 16 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 17 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 18 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 19 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 21 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 22 vital vital JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 23 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 24 literatures literature NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 231 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 5 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 7 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 10 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 13 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 15 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 17 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 19 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 232 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 1 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 2 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 3 Aramaic[edit Aramaic[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 5 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 9 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 10 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 13 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 16 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 233 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 3 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 6 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 8 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 9 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 10 transitioned transition VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 12 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 13 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 234 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 3 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 6 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 7 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 10 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 11 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 235 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 2 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 3 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 4 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 6 Arsacid arsacid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 7 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 10 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 13 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 14 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 236 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 1 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 2 Aramaic[edit Aramaic[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 7 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 9 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 11 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 12 Estrangela Estrangela NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 13 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 15 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 16 Chrysostom Chrysostom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 17 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 18 Homily homily NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 21 Gospel Gospel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 23 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 24 Abun Abun NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 25 dbashmayo dbashmayo VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 26 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 27 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 29 Prayer Prayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 31 Abun Abun NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 32 dbashmayo dbashmayo VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 34 sung sing VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 36 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 37 Problems Problems NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 38 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 39 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 40 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 237 41 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 238 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 238 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 238 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 238 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 1 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 6 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 7 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 12 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 14 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 16 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 17 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 20 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 21 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 239 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 2 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 7 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 10 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 12 Osroene Osroene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 14 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 16 Edessa Edessa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 20 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 21 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 24 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 26 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 27 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 240 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 2 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 3 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 6 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 9 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 15 Peshitta Peshitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 19 masterful masterful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 20 prose prose NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 22 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 24 Ephrem Ephrem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 26 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 241 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 1 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 2 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 8 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 11 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 15 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 16 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 17 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 242 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 1 Missionary missionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 2 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 3 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 6 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 8 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 10 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 12 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 15 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 16 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 18 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 20 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 243 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 2 73][74 73][74 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 5 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 6 Aramaic[edit aramaic[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 12 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 14 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 15 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 16 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 20 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 23 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 25 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 28 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 31 eleventh eleventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 244 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 3 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 4 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 5 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 11 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 12 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 16 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 19 seventh seventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 24 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 25 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 26 Talmudic talmudic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 27 Geonic geonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 28 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 33 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 34 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 35 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 36 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 38 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 39 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 245 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 3 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 4 epigraphic epigraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 5 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 8 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 11 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 13 incantation incantation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 14 bowls bowl NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 15 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 18 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 19 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 246 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 4 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 5 Aramaic[edit Aramaic[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 10 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 13 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 16 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 19 Mandaeans Mandaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 21 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 25 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 26 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 28 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 29 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 30 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 32 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 33 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 35 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 36 linguistically linguistically RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 38 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 39 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 247 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 1 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 2 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 9 Mandaeans Mandaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 10 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 11 gnostic gnostic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 12 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 13 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 15 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 248 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 3 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 6 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 7 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 8 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 249 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 4 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 5 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 6 Aramaic[edit Aramaic[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 9 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 11 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 12 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 14 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 17 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 18 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 21 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 23 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 24 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 28 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 29 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 33 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 34 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 35 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 38 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 39 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 42 cursive cursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 43 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 44 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 250 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 3 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 6 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 7 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 8 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 9 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 251 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 2 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 5 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 6 Aramaic[edit aramaic[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 11 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 12 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 15 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 16 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 18 earliest earliest RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 19 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 22 documentary documentary NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 23 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 26 Samaritans Samaritans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 28 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 30 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 31 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 34 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 35 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 252 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 3 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 5 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 8 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 12 tenth tenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 253 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 5 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 6 Aramaic[edit aramaic[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 8 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 10 left left RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 15 right right UH en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 18 parallel parallel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 21 1299 1299 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 22 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 23 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 24 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 27 Bodleian Bodleian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 28 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 29 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 30 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 32 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 33 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 34 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 35 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 36 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 38 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 40 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 41 Kokhba Kokhba NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 42 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 44 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 45 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 46 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 48 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 49 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 50 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 52 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 53 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 54 Galilee Galilee NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 254 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 2 Galilean Galilean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 3 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 4 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 5 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 7 obscurity obscurity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 9 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 11 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 12 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 16 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 255 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 2 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 4 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 8 Galilee Galilee NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 14 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 15 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 256 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 4 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 5 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 8 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 9 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 11 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 14 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 18 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 19 targumim targumim NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 21 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 22 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 23 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 25 scripture scripture NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 29 midrashim midrashim NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 31 biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 32 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 34 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 257 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 2 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 3 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 4 pointing pointing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 7 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 8 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 11 Tiberian tiberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 12 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 14 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 19 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 21 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 24 Galilean galilean JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 25 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 27 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 28 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 29 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 258 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 1 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 2 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 3 vocalisation vocalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 5 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 8 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 10 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 15 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 16 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 18 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 19 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 22 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 23 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 259 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 4 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 5 Judaean Judaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 9 descendant descendant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 11 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 12 Judaean Judaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 16 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 260 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this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 17 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 18 Melkite Melkite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 20 Chalcedonian Chalcedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 22 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 25 5th 5th NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 28 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 263 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 3 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 9 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 12 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 264 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 5 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 7 Melkite Melkite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 12 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 13 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 265 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 6 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 7 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 9 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 10 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 11 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 12 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 16 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 17 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 19 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 21 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 22 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 23 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 28 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 29 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 31 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 266 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 5 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 6 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 8 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 9 ישוע ישוע NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 10 Yešua Yešua NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 11 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 17 Išo Išo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 19 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 22 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 23 Yesûs Yesûs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 26 transliteration transliteration NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 29 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 30 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 33 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 34 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 267 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 5 Aramaic[edit aramaic[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 10 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 12 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 13 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 14 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 16 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 17 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 18 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 21 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 23 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 25 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 26 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 27 extinct extinct VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 29 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 30 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 31 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 32 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 35 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 36 prolific prolific JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 37 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 39 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 40 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 41 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 42 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 43 predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 44 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 45 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 46 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 47 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 49 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 50 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 53 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 54 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 55 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 57 Northeastern Northeastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 58 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 60 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 61 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 63 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 268 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 2 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 3 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 5 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 6 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 10 235,000 235,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 11 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 14 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 15 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 17 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 19 216,000 216,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 20 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 24 Turoyo Turoyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 26 Surayt Surayt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 29 112,000 112,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 31 450,000 450,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 32 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 269 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 1 Having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 2 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 3 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 5 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 6 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 8 insulated insulated JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 9 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 13 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 16 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 17 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 19 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 21 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 26 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 30 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 32 escaped escape VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 34 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 35 pressures pressure NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 36 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 38 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 39 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 41 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 43 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 44 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 45 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 46 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 47 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 49 proliferation proliferation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 51 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 52 tongues tongue NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 53 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 54 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 55 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 56 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 57 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 58 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 59 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 60 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 62 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 63 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 65 Arabization Arabization NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 68 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 69 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 71 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 72 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 73 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 74 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 75 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 76 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 78 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 79 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 80 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 83 seventh seventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 84 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 270 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 5 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 6 Aramaic[edit Aramaic[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 8 Amen amen UH en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 10 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 11 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 12 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 13 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 14 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 16 Northeastern Northeastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 17 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 19 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 21 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 23 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 24 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 25 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 26 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 27 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 30 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 31 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 33 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 35 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 271 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 3 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 4 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 10 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 15 Mandaeans Mandaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 272 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 2 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 3 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 6 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 7 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 8 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 11 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 13 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 15 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 16 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 17 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 20 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 24 deeply deeply RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 25 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 28 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 30 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 31 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 33 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 34 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 273 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 6 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 8 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 10 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 11 unwritten unwritten JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 13 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 15 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 20 purely purely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 22 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 23 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 26 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 28 Ephrem Ephrem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 30 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 274 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 275 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 275 2 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 275 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 275 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 275 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 275 6 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 275 7 intelligible intelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 275 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 2 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 3 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 4 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 6 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 7 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 9 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 11 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 12 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 16 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 17 belonging belong VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 20 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 22 Northeastern Northeastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 23 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 25 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 26 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 276 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 5 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 7 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 8 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 10 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 11 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 12 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 14 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 19 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 20 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 277 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 3 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 6 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 8 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 10 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 11 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 12 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 13 Lake Lake NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 14 Urmia Urmia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 16 Mosul Mosul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 19 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 20 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 21 intelligible intelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 278 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 3 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 7 Urmia Urmia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 9 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 10 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 13 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 14 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 15 unintelligible unintelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 16 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 18 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 19 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 23 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 24 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 279 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 2 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 5 Nineveh Nineveh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 6 plains plain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 8 Mosul Mosul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 10 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 13 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 15 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 17 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 18 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 20 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 21 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 23 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 24 conversation conversation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 280 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 2 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 3 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 7 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 8 in in RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 10 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 11 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 15 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 16 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 18 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 21 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 22 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 24 Turoyo Turoyo NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 27 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 30 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 32 Tur Tur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 33 Abdin Abdin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 281 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 2 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 5 Mlahsô Mlahsô NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 8 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 9 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 10 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 282 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 4 Mandaeans Mandaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 5 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 8 Khuzestan Khuzestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 9 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 11 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 13 scattered scatter VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 14 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 15 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 17 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 18 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 19 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 283 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 3 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 4 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 6 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 9 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 284 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 1 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 2 numbers number VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 4 50,000–75,000 50,000–75,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 5 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 10 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 12 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 14 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 15 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 17 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 18 fluently fluently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 21 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 23 5,000 5,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 24 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 28 Mandaeans Mandaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 29 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 30 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 31 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 33 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 285 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 5 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 6 Aramaic[edit Aramaic[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 12 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 15 Very very RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 16 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 17 remains remain NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 19 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 286 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 2 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 3 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 4 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 7 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 8 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 13 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 15 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 16 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 19 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 21 Maaloula Maaloula NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 23 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 25 Sarkha Sarkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 27 Bakhah Bakhah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 31 Jubb'adin Jubb'adin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 33 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 35 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 38 Anti Anti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 39 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 40 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 41 Mountains Mountains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 43 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 44 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 46 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 47 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 48 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 49 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 50 migrated migrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 51 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 52 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 53 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 55 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 56 Damascus Damascus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 58 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 59 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 60 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 62 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 287 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 1 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 3 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 5 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 6 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 9 fluent fluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 11 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 12 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 13 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 288 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 5 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 9 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 11 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 12 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 14 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 18 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 21 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 23 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 24 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 289 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 1 Phonology[edit phonology[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 3 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 4 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 5 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 6 IPA ipa JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 7 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 8 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 290 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 1 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 2 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 3 rendering rendering JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 4 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 9 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 10 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 12 boxes box NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 16 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 17 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 19 Unicode Unicode NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 20 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 291 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 2 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 3 introductory introductory JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 4 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 6 IPA ipa JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 7 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 9 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 10 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 12 IPA IPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 292 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 2 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 7 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 8 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 9 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 16 feasible feasible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 17 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 19 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 21 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 22 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 23 properties property NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 293 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 4 phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 5 palette palette NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 7 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 9 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 10 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 11 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 294 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 4 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 5 lack lack VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 7 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 10 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 12 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 17 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 20 inventories inventory NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 22 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 23 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 25 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 26 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 28 Azerbaijani azerbaijani JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 30 Kurdish kurdish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 32 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 34 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 295 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 1 Vowels[edit vowels[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 3 Front front VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 4 Back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 5 Close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 6 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 7 u u VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 8 Close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 10 mid mid AFX en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 11 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 12 o o XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 13 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 15 mid mid AFX en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 16 ɛ ɛ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 18 ɔ ɔ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 20 Open open VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 23 ɑ ɑ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 25 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 27 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 28 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 29 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 31 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 32 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 33 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 34 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 37 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 38 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 39 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 40 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 42 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 44 Open open VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 47 vowels vowels NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 48 Close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 49 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 50 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 52 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 53 Close close VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 54 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 55 u u CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 56 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 57 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 58 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 59 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 60 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 61 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 62 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 63 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 65 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 67 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 68 articulation articulation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 70 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 71 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 72 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 73 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 74 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 75 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 76 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 77 consonantal consonantal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 78 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 296 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 2 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 3 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 6 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 7 near near JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 9 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 10 unrounded unrounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 11 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 14 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 16 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 18 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 19 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 22 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 27 batter batter NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 297 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 2 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 5 back back JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 6 counterpart counterpart NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 9 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 11 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 13 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 15 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 18 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 21 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 22 ɑ ɑ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 26 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 27 tending tend VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 30 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 33 caught catch VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 36 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 37 ɔ ɔ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 43 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 44 counterpart counterpart NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 47 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 49 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 51 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 53 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 56 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 59 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 60 ɛ ɛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 61 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 298 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 3 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 4 correspondence correspondence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 7 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 9 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 299 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 4 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 6 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 7 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 8 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 9 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 11 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 12 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 14 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 15 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 17 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 18 e. e. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 19 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 20 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 21 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 22 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 25 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 26 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 27 Galilean Galilean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 30 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 32 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 34 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 35 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 300 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 2 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 3 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 5 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 9 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 11 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 17 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 18 א א FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 20 alaph alaph NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 24 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 25 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 28 ה ה NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 30 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 33 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 35 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 36 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 301 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 2 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 3 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 4 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 8 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 10 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 12 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 14 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 17 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 21 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 302 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 4 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 6 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 7 counterpart counterpart NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 11 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 13 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 18 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 19 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 22 café café NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 26 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 303 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 5 shorter short JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 6 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 9 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 12 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 13 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 15 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 304 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 4 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 5 close close NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 6 e e LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 7 corresponds correspond NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 10 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 11 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 14 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 305 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 2 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 3 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 4 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 5 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 6 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 8 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 9 י י NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 10 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 13 mater mater NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 14 lectionis lectionis NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 306 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 2 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 3 back back JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 4 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 8 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 10 u u NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 12 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 14 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 17 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 21 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 307 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 5 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 6 counterpart counterpart NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 10 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 12 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 14 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 16 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 19 show show NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 22 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 23 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 308 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 3 shorter short JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 6 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 8 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 10 counterparts counterpart VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 12 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 14 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 18 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 19 close close NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 20 o o XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 21 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 22 corresponding correspond VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 25 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 26 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 309 27 a. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 2 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 3 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 4 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 6 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 8 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 9 ו ו NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 10 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 12 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 14 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 310 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 2 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 3 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 4 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 7 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 8 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 9 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 11 י י NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 12 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 14 ay ay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 19 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 20 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 21 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 23 ו ו NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 24 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 26 aw aw UH en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 311 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 3 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 4 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 5 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 9 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 11 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 12 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 14 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 16 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 17 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 312 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 2 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 6 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 8 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 10 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 12 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 13 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 15 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 16 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 17 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 19 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 20 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 21 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 22 centralised centralised JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 313 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 1 Consonants[edit consonants[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 3 Labial Labial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 4 Interdental Interdental NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 5 Alveolar Alveolar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 6 Palatal Palatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 7 Velar Velar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 8 Uvular Uvular NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 9 Pharyngeal Pharyngeal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 10 Glottal Glottal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 11 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 12 emp emp NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 314 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 1 Nasal Nasal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 2 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 3 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 4 Stop Stop NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 5 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 6 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 7 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 8 tˤ tˤ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 9 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 10 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 11 ʔ ʔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 12 voiced voice VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 13 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 14 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 15 ɡ ɡ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 16 Fricative fricative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 17 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 18 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 19 θ θ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 20 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 21 sˤ sˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 22 ʃ ʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 23 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 24 ħ ħ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 25 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 26 voiced voice VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 27 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 28 ð ð NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 29 z z NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 30 ɣ ɣ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 31 ʕ ʕ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 32 Approximant Approximant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 33 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 34 j j NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 35 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 36 Trill Trill NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 37 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 38 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 39 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 40 alphabets alphabet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 41 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 43 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 44 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 45 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 46 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 47 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 49 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 50 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 52 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 54 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 55 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 56 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 315 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 4 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 6 though though RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 9 stand stand VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 13 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 14 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 15 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 17 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 19 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 22 fricative fricative NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 25 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 26 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 28 articulation articulation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 316 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 2 classically classically RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 3 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 5 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 7 lightly lightly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 8 contrasted contrast VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 9 plosives plosive NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 11 fricatives fricative NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 13 Labial labial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 14 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 16 פּ\פ פּ\פ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 17 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 18 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 19 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 21 בּ\ב בּ\ב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 22 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 23 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 24 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 26 Dental Dental NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 27 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 29 תּ\ת תּ\ת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 30 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 31 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 32 θ θ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 34 דּ\ד דּ\ד NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 35 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 36 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 37 ð ð NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 39 Velar Velar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 40 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 42 כּ\כ כּ\כ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 43 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 44 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 45 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 47 גּ\ג גּ\ג NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 48 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 49 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 50 ɣ ɣ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 317 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 2 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 5 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 6 pair pair NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 8 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 11 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 12 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 15 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 18 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 19 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 21 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 22 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 24 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 26 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 28 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 31 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 32 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 36 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 37 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 38 allophones allophone NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 318 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 2 distinguishing distinguish VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 3 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 6 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 9 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 11 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 14 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 18 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 21 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 23 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 319 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 3 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 6 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 9 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 12 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 13 retracted retract VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 16 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 17 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 19 pharyngealization pharyngealization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 21 velarization velarization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 320 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 1 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 2 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 3 alphabetic alphabetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 4 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 7 emphatics emphatic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 10 ח ח NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 11 Ḥêṯ Ḥêṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 14 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 15 pharyngeal pharyngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 16 fricative fricative NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 18 /ħ/ /ħ/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 20 ט ט NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 21 Ṭêṯ Ṭêṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 24 pharyngealized pharyngealized JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 25 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 27 /tˤ/ /tˤ/ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 29 ע ע NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 30 ʽAyin ʽAyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 33 ʽE ʽE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 35 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 36 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 40 pharyngealized pharyngealize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 41 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 42 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 44 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 45 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 47 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 49 voiced voiced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 50 pharyngeal pharyngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 51 approximant approximant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 54 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 55 ʕ ʕ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 56 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 57 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 58 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 59 ʔˤ ʔˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 60 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 62 צ צ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 63 Ṣāḏê Ṣāḏê NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 65 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 66 pharyngealized pharyngealize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 67 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 69 /sˤ/ /sˤ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 71 ק ק NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 72 Qôp Qôp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 74 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 75 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 76 uvular uvular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 77 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 321 79 /q/. /q/. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 2 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 3 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 6 Problems Problems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 7 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 9 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 322 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 323 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 323 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 323 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 323 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 1 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 5 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 7 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 8 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 10 emphatics emphatic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 14 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 16 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 17 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 18 definitely definitely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 19 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 324 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 1 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 3 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 6 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 8 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 10 historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 11 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 325 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 1 Overlapping overlap VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 4 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 6 emphatics emphatic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 10 guttural guttural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 12 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 326 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 3 ח ח PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 4 Ḥêṯ Ḥêṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 6 ע ע NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 7 ʽAyn ʽAyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 10 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 11 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 14 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 15 א א NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 16 ʼĀlap̄ ʼālap̄ CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 19 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 20 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 23 ה ה LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 24 Hê Hê NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 30 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 327 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 2 classically classically RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 5 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 7 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 8 sibilants sibilant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 10 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 13 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 15 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 18 ס ס LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 20 שׂ שׂ ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 21 /s/ /s/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 27 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 31 ז ז LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 32 /z/ /z/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 36 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 38 zero zero CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 42 שׁ שׁ ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 43 /ʃ/ /ʃ/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 47 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 48 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 49 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 50 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 53 צ צ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 54 /sˤ/ /sˤ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 57 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 58 Ṣāḏê Ṣāḏê NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 59 listed list VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 60 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 328 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 5 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 10 nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 11 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 12 מ מ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 13 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 15 נ נ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 16 n n NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 20 approximants approximant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 21 ר ר NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 22 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 24 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 26 alveolar alveolar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 27 trill trill NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 30 ל ל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 31 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 33 י י NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 34 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 36 ו ו NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 37 w. w. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 38 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 39 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 40 changes[edit changes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 42 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 43 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 44 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 46 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 47 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 48 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 49 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 50 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 52 dialect dialect VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 53 differentials differential NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 54 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 55 Vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 56 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 57 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 58 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 59 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 60 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 61 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 62 document document NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 63 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 65 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 66 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 67 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 68 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 69 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 70 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 72 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 73 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 329 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 330 1 Plosive plosive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 330 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 330 3 fricative fricative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 330 4 pair pair NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 330 5 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 330 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 1 Originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 5 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 6 Tiberian Tiberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 7 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 10 fricatives fricative NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 12 conditioned condition VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 13 allophones allophone NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 15 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 16 plosive plosive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 331 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 3 wake wake NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 5 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 6 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 9 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 10 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 12 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 14 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 15 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 19 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 20 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 22 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 23 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 332 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 4 Turoyo Turoyo NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 6 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 7 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 8 /p/ /p/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 10 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 11 /f/ /f/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 12 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 14 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 15 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 18 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 21 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 23 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 24 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 25 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 27 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 29 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 30 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 31 /θ/ /θ/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 33 /ð/ /ð/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 35 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 36 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 38 /t/ /t/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 40 /d/ /d/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 44 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 45 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 333 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 3 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 5 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 6 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 8 /f/ /f/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 10 /v/ /v/ , en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 12 realized realize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 14 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 15 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 19 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 334 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 335 1 Loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 335 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 335 3 emphatics emphatic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 335 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 4 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 5 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 6 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 8 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 10 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 11 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 14 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 15 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 18 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 19 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 21 glottalized glottalize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 22 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 24 pharyngealized pharyngealize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 25 emphatics emphatic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 336 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 1 Guttural guttural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 2 assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 6 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 7 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 9 Samaritan samaritan JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 10 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 13 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 15 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 16 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 18 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 20 gutturals guttural NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 22 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 25 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 26 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 27 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 337 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 2 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 4 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 5 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 7 pronounce pronounce VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 8 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 14 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 15 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 16 masculine masculine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 17 pronoun pronoun NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 18 hu hu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 19 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 20 ow ow NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 338 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 1 Proto proto RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 3 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 4 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 5 /θ/ /θ/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 6 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 7 /ð/ /ð/ : en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 9 reflected reflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 13 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 14 /t/ /t/ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 16 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 17 /d/ /d/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 19 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 21 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 22 sibilants sibilant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 24 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 27 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 28 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 30 שלוש שלוש NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 31 šālôš šālôš NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 33 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 34 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 35 תלת תלת JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 36 tlāṯ tlāṯ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 38 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 41 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 42 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 44 זהב זהב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 45 zahav[82 zahav[82 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 48 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 49 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 50 דהב דהב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 51 dehav[83 dehav[83 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 52 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 54 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 339 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 1 Dental Dental NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 3 sibilant sibilant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 4 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 6 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 7 happening happen VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 11 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 340 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 341 1 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 341 2 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 341 3 inventory inventory NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 341 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 4 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 5 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 8 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 9 surrounding surrounding NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 342 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 3 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 4 borrowings borrowing NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 7 ʒ ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 12 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 13 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 16 azure azure NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 21 d͡ʒ d͡ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 27 jam jam NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 31 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 32 t͡ʃ t͡ʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 38 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 343 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 2 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 3 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 6 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 8 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 11 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 344 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 1 Grammar[edit grammar[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 5 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 8 triliteral triliteral NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 9 root root NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 10 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 12 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 14 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 15 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 16 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 18 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 345 19 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 346 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 346 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 346 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 346 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 4 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 8 morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 11 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 14 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 17 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 20 consonantal consonantal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 21 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 347 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 2 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 4 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 9 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 13 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 14 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 17 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 19 כת״ב כת״ב CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 20 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 22 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 24 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 27 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 29 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 30 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 31 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 348 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 3 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 4 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 7 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 9 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 12 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 14 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 15 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 16 nuances nuance NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 19 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 20 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 22 כתבה כתבה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 23 kṯāḇâ kṯāḇâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 25 handwriting handwriting NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 27 inscription inscription NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 29 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 31 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 349 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 350 1 כתבי כתבי NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 350 2 kṯāḇê kṯāḇê NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 350 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 350 4 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 350 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 350 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 350 7 Scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 350 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 351 1 כתובה כתובה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 351 2 kāṯûḇâ kāṯûḇâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 351 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 351 4 secretary secretary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 351 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 351 6 scribe scribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 351 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 352 1 כתבת כתבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 352 2 kiṯḇeṯ kiṯḇeṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 352 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 352 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 352 5 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 352 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 353 1 אכתב אכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 353 2 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 353 3 eḵtûḇ eḵtûḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 353 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 353 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 353 6 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 353 7 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 353 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 1 Nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 3 adjectives[edit adjectives[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 5 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 6 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 8 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 10 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 12 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 13 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 354 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 3 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 4 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 5 genders gender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 7 masculine masculine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 9 feminine feminine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 355 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 2 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 3 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 4 singular singular NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 6 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 7 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 10 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 11 ה- ה- XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 12 -â -â : en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 14 Nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 17 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 18 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 20 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 24 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 26 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 28 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 29 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 31 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 32 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 33 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 34 come come VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 36 pairs pair NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 356 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 2 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 3 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 4 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 5 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 9 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 12 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 13 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 15 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 17 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 18 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 357 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 1 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 2 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 4 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 6 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 10 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 11 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 358 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 1 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 3 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 4 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 7 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 8 correspond correspond VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 11 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 13 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 15 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 18 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 20 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 21 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 24 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 28 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 29 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 32 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 359 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 3 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 8 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 9 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 10 expresses express VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 11 indefiniteness indefiniteness JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 13 comparable comparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 16 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 17 indefinite indefinite JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 18 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 19 a(n a(n NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 23 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 25 כתבה כתבה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 26 kṯāḇâ kṯāḇâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 30 handwriting handwriting NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 35 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 36 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 37 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 39 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 40 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 41 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 360 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 5 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 12 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 16 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 20 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 21 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 24 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 361 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 2 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 3 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 6 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 9 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 12 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 13 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 14 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 17 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 19 כתבת כתבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 20 מלכתא מלכתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 21 kṯāḇat kṯāḇat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 22 malkṯâ malkṯâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 26 handwriting handwriting NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 29 queen queen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 362 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 3 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 4 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 6 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 9 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 16 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 20 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 21 undergo undergo VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 22 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 23 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 25 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 26 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 363 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 2 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 3 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 5 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 6 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 7 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 9 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 11 suffixes suffix NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 364 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 3 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 4 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 7 marks mark VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 9 possessor possessor NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 12 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 15 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 18 possessed possess VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 365 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 3 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 4 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 6 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 7 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 8 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 10 possessed[const possessed[const LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 366 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 367 1 possessor[abs./emph possessor[abs./emph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 367 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 367 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 1 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 2 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 5 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 6 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 10 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 11 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 13 possessed possess VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 15 employing employ VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 17 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 18 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 20 link link VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 24 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 25 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 368 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 2 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 9 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 10 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 14 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 15 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 17 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 18 בר בר NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 19 נשא נשא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 20 bar bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 21 nāšâ nāšâ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 24 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 26 man man NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 29 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 31 disappear disappear VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 369 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 2 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 4 determined determined JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 5 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 8 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 9 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 12 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 14 functions function VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 15 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 18 definite definite JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 19 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 370 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 3 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 6 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 9 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 11 כתבתא כתבתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 12 kṯāḇtâ kṯāḇtâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 16 handwriting handwriting NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 371 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 3 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 4 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 5 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 6 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 11 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 12 definiteness definiteness NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 17 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 19 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 20 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 22 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 23 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 24 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 25 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 27 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 28 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 29 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 30 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 32 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 33 technically technically RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 34 indefinite indefinite JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 372 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 3 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 6 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 9 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 10 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 12 extraordinarily extraordinarily RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 13 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 15 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 16 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 18 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 373 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 1 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 3 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 4 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 8 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 12 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 14 construct construct VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 15 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 18 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 19 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 20 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 21 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 24 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 25 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 27 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 374 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 1 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 2 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 6 Ugaritic Ugaritic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 8 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 9 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 12 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 13 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 14 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 20 glimpses glimpse NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 22 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 23 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 25 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 28 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 29 compound compound NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 30 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 31 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 375 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 4 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 6 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 7 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 9 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 11 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 12 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 13 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 17 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 18 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 22 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 23 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 24 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 25 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 28 masculine masculine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 29 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 30 accusative accusative NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 32 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 35 clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 36 evidenced evidence VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 38 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 376 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 1 Often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 4 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 5 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 7 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 10 prefixed prefix VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 11 -ל -ל NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 12 l- l- XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 15 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 20 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 23 definite definite JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 377 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 1 Adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 2 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 4 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 5 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 7 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 9 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 11 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 15 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 17 attributively attributively RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 378 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 1 Predicative predicative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 2 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 6 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 8 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 14 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 17 copula copula NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 20 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 23 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 379 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 4 attributive attributive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 5 adjective adjective NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 8 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 9 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 14 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 17 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 18 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 22 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 26 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 27 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 28 מלכא מלכא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 29 טבא טבא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 30 malkâ malkâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 31 ṭāḇâ ṭāḇâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 32 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 33 king[emph king[emph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 380 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 381 1 good[emph good[emph NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 381 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 381 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 381 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 2 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 5 predicative predicative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 6 adjective adjective NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 11 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 14 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 16 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 20 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 23 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 24 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 25 מלכא מלכא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 26 טב טב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 27 malkâ malkâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 28 ṭāḇ ṭāḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 29 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 30 king[emph king[emph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 382 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 383 1 good[abs good[abs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 383 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 383 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 383 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 384 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 384 2 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 384 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 384 4 masc masc NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 384 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 385 1 sg sg UH en-wikipedia-org-2561 385 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 386 1 fem fem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 386 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 387 1 sg sg UH en-wikipedia-org-2561 387 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 388 1 masc masc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 388 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 389 1 pl pl XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 389 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 390 1 fem fem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 390 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 391 1 pl pl XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 391 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 392 1 abs abs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 392 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 1 טב טב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 2 ṭāḇ ṭāḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 3 טבה טבה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 4 ṭāḇâ ṭāḇâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 5 טבין טבין NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 6 ṭāḇîn ṭāḇîn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 7 טבן טבן NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 8 ṭāḇān ṭāḇān NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 9 const const NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 393 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 394 1 טבת טבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 394 2 ṭāḇaṯ ṭāḇaṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 394 3 טבי טבי NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 394 4 ṭāḇê ṭāḇê NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 394 5 טבת טבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 394 6 ṭāḇāṯ ṭāḇāṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 394 7 det./emph det./emph NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 394 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 1 טבא טבא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 2 ṭāḇâ ṭāḇâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 3 טבתא טבתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 4 ṭāḇtâ ṭāḇtâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 5 טביא טביא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 6 ṭāḇayyâ ṭāḇayyâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 7 טבתא טבתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 8 ṭāḇāṯâ ṭāḇāṯâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 10 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 11 א- א- XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 12 -â -â : en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 18 suffixes suffix NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 20 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 23 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 24 aleph aleph NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 395 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 6 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 7 employ employ VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 9 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 10 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 13 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 14 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 15 singular singular NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 396 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 1 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 6 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 7 employ employ VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 9 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 10 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 11 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 12 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 13 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 14 ים- ים- XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 15 -îm -îm : en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 16 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 18 ין- ין- NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 19 -în -în NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 397 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 2 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 3 determined determine VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 4 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 5 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 7 יא- יא- CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 8 -ayyâ -ayyâ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 12 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 13 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 15 -ê -ê ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 398 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 2 alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 4 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 5 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 8 gentilic gentilic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 9 plural plural NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 13 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 16 ethnonyms ethnonyms NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 18 יהודיא יהודיא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 19 yəhûḏāyê yəhûḏāyê NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 21 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 23 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 24 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 27 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 399 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 2 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 3 plural plural NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 5 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 8 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 9 aleph aleph NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 12 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 16 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 17 plural plural NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 19 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 21 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 24 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 26 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 30 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 32 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 400 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 2 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 3 construct construct VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 4 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 6 -ê -ê : en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 9 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 11 yodh yodh NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 401 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 2 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 6 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 8 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 10 diphthongized diphthongize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 12 -ai -ai : en-wikipedia-org-2561 402 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 1 Possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 2 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 6 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 8 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 11 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 12 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 15 linking link VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 17 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 20 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 21 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 22 -[ד[י -[ד[י NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 23 d[î]- d[î]- NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 403 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 3 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 6 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 8 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 9 disappears disappear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 12 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 13 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 18 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 19 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 20 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 22 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 23 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 25 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 26 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 27 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 404 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 1 Different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 2 variations variation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 5 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 6 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 9 Problems Problems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 10 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 12 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 405 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 406 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 406 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 406 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 406 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 5 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 6 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 8 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 9 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 14 handwriting handwriting NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 17 queen queen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 22 כתבת כתבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 23 מלכתא מלכתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 24 kṯāḇaṯ kṯāḇaṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 25 malkṯâ malkṯâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 26 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 28 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 29 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 31 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 32 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 34 סמיכות סמיכות FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 35 səmîḵûṯ səmîḵûṯ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 36   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 39 possessed possessed JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 40 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 42 כתבה כתבה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 43 kṯābâ kṯābâ NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 46 handwriting handwriting NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 52 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 53 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 55 כתבת כתבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 56 kṯāḇaṯ kṯāḇaṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 58 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 60 possessor possessor NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 62 מלכה מלכה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 63 malkâ malkâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 65 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 66 queen queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 67 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 68 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 69 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 70 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 72 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 73 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 74 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 75 מלכתא מלכתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 76 malkṯâ malkṯâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 77 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 78 כתבתא כתבתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 79 דמלכתא דמלכתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 80 kṯāḇtâ kṯāḇtâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 81 d(î)-malkṯâ d(î)-malkṯâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 82 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 83 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 84 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 85 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 86 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 88 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 89 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 90 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 91 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 92 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 93 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 94 -[ד[י -[ד[י NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 95 d[î]- d[î]- POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 96 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 97 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 98 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 99 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 101 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 102 כתבתה כתבתה NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 103 דמלכתא דמלכתא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 104 kṯāḇtāh kṯāḇtāh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 105 d(î)-malkṯâ d(î)-malkṯâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 106 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 107 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 108 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 109 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 110 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 111 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 112 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 113 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 115 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 116 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 117 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 118 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 119 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 120 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 121 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 122 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 123 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 124 possessed possess VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 125 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 126 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 127 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 128 anticipatory anticipatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 129 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 130 pronominal pronominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 131 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 132 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 133 כתבתה כתבתה NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 134 kṯāḇtā kṯāḇtā NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 135 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 136 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 138 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 139 handwriting handwrite VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 140 - - : en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 141 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 142 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 143 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 144 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 145 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 146 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 147 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 148 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 149 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 150 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 151 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 152 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 153 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 154 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 155 queen queen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 156 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 157 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 407 158 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 2 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 6 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 7 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 10 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 12 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 408 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 2 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 6 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 7 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 9 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 10 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 409 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 1 Verbs[edit verbs[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 5 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 7 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 8 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 10 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 12 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 14 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 16 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 410 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 1 Verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 2 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 4 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 6 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 8 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 10 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 12 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 17 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 19 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 22 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 24 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 26 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 29 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 31 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 33 imperfect imperfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 36 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 38 indicative indicative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 40 imperative imperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 42 jussive jussive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 43 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 44 infinitive infinitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 47 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 49 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 51 reflexive reflexive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 52 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 53 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 411 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 3 employs employ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 5 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 7 conjugations conjugation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 10 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 11 stems stem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 14 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 15 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 17 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 18 developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 21 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 22 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 24 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 412 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 1 Aspectual aspectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 2 tense[edit tense[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 7 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 8 tenses tense NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 10 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 12 imperfect imperfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 413 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 3 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 4 aspectual aspectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 7 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 9 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 11 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 13 preterite preterite NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 15 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 414 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 2 perfect perfect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 4 unmarked unmarked JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 8 imperfect imperfect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 9 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 10 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 11 preformatives preformative NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 13 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 14 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 16 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 18 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 20 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 415 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 2 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 3 tenses tense VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 5 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 7 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 8 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 9 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 12 unmarked unmarked JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 16 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 18 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 20 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 22 afformatives afformative NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 25 preformatives preformative NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 28 imperfect imperfect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 416 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 3 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 4 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 8 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 9 כת״ב כת״ב CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 10 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 12 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 14 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 16 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 19 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 24 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 26 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 29 usual usual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 30 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 32 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 33 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 35 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 37 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 39 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 40 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 417 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 1 Person person NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 3 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 4 Perfect Perfect NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 5 Imperfect Imperfect NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 6 Singular Singular NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 7 Plural Plural NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 8 Singular Singular NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 9 Plural Plural NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 10 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 11 m. m. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 12 כתב כתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 13 kəṯaḇ kəṯaḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 14 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 15 kəṯaḇ kəṯaḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 16 כתבו כתבו NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 17 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 18 כתב(ו)\כתבון כתב(ו)\כתבון VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 19 kəṯaḇû kəṯaḇû NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 20 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 21 kəṯaḇ(w)/kəṯabbûn kəṯaḇ(w)/kəṯabbûn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 22 יכתוב יכתוב NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 23 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 24 נכתוב נכתוב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 25 yiḵtuḇ yiḵtuḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 26 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 27 neḵtoḇ neḵtoḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 28 יכתבון יכתבון NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 29 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 30 נכתבון נכתבון NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 31 yiḵtəḇûn yiḵtəḇûn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 32 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 33 neḵtəḇûn neḵtəḇûn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 34 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 35 f. f. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 36 כתבת כתבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 37 kiṯbaṯ kiṯbaṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 38 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 39 keṯbaṯ keṯbaṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 40 כתבת כתבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 41 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 42 כתב(י)\כתבן כתב(י)\כתבן NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 43 kəṯaḇâ kəṯaḇâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 44 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 45 kəṯaḇ(y)/kəṯabbên kəṯaḇ(y)/kəṯabbên NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 46 תכתב תכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 47 tiḵtuḇ tiḵtuḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 48 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 49 teḵtoḇ teḵtoḇ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 50 יכתבן יכתבן NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 51 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 52 נכתבן נכתבן NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 53 yiḵtəḇān yiḵtəḇān NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 54 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 55 neḵtəḇān neḵtəḇān NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 56 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 57 m. m. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 58 כתבת כתבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 59 kəṯaḇt kəṯaḇt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 60 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 61 kəṯaḇt kəṯaḇt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 62 כתבתון כתבתון NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 63 kəṯaḇtûn kəṯaḇtûn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 64 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 65 kəṯaḇton kəṯaḇton NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 66 תכתב תכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 67 tiḵtuḇ tiḵtuḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 68 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 69 teḵtoḇ teḵtoḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 70 תכתבון תכתבון NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 71 tiḵtəḇûn tiḵtəḇûn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 72 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 73 teḵtəḇûn teḵtəḇûn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 74 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 75 f. f. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 77 כתבתי כתבתי NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 78 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 79 כתבת(י כתבת(י NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 80 kəṯaḇtî kəṯaḇtî NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 81 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 82 kəṯaḇt(y kəṯaḇt(y NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 84 כתבתן כתבתן NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 85 kəṯaḇtēn kəṯaḇtēn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 86 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 87 kəṯaḇtên kəṯaḇtên NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 88 תכתבין תכתבין NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 89 tiḵtuḇîn tiḵtuḇîn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 90 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 91 teḵtuḇîn teḵtuḇîn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 92 תכתבן תכתבן NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 93 tiḵtəḇān tiḵtəḇān VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 94 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 95 teḵtəḇān teḵtəḇān RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 96 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 97 m./f m./f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 418 98 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 1 כתבת כתבת NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 2 kiṯḇēṯ kiṯḇēṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 3 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 4 keṯḇeṯ keṯḇeṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 5 כתבנא כתבנא NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 6 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 7 כתבן כתבן NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 8 kəṯaḇnâ kəṯaḇnâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 9 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 10 kəṯaḇn kəṯaḇn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 11 אכתב אכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 12 eḵtuḇ eḵtuḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 13 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 14 eḵtoḇ eḵtoḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 15 נכתב נכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 16 niḵtuḇ niḵtuḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 17 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 18 neḵtoḇ neḵtoḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 19 Conjugations Conjugations NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 21 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 22 stems[edit stems[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 24 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 26 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 27 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 29 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 30 employs employ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 32 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 34 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 35 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 36 stems stem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 39 extend extend VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 41 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 42 coverage coverage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 44 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 419 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 2 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 3 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 6 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 8 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 10 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 11 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 14 G g NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 16 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 420 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 3 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 5 mediaeval mediaeval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 6 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 7 grammarians grammarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 13 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 15 Pə‘al pə‘al NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 16 פעל פעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 19 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 20 Pe‘al Pe‘al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 23 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 28 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 29 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 30 פע״ל פע״ל NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 31 P-‘-L P-‘-L NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 33 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 36 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 421 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 2 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 3 carries carry VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 5 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 6 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 7 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 10 verb verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 422 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 2 doubling double VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 5 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 6 radical radical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 9 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 10 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 13 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 15 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 17 פעל פעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 18 Pa‘‘el Pa‘‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 20 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 423 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 5 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 6 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 9 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 10 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 11 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 424 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 4 qəṭal qəṭal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 5 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 8 killed kill VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 11 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 12 qaṭṭel qaṭṭel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 13 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 16 slew slay VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 425 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 2 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 3 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 5 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 9 stems stem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 10 differs differ NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 12 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 13 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 426 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 2 preformative preformative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 4 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 7 -ה -ה : en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 8 ha- ha- XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 10 -א -א NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 11 a- a- XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 13 -ש -ש : en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 14 ša- ša- XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 16 creates create VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 18 C c NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 20 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 22 variously variously RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 24 Hap̄‘el hap̄‘el NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 26 Ap̄‘el Ap̄‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 28 Šap̄‘el šap̄‘el JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 30 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 31 spelt spelt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 32 הפעל הפעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 33 Haph‘el Haph‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 35 אפעל אפעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 36 Aph‘el Aph‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 38 שפעל שפעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 39 Shaph‘el shaph‘el NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 427 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 5 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 7 causative causative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 8 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 11 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 12 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 13 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 428 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 4 טעה טעה NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 5 ṭə‘â ṭə‘â NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 6 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 8 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 9 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 10 astray astray RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 13 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 14 אטעי אטעי IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 15 aṭ‘î aṭ‘î NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 16 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 19 deceived deceive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 429 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 2 Šap̄‘el šap̄‘el JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 3 שפעל שפעל NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 6 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 7 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 8 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 11 C c NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 13 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 430 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 3 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 5 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 7 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 11 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 16 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 17 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 18 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 20 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 431 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 2 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 5 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 6 הפעל הפעל VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 7 Hap̄‘el hap̄‘el NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 9 אפעל אפעל NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 10 Ap̄‘el Ap̄‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 11 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 15 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 16 dropping dropping NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 19 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 20 ה ה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 21 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 22 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 24 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 25 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 26 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 432 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 3 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 6 respelling respelling NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 9 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 10 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 11 preformative preformative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 13 א א NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 14 aleph aleph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 433 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 3 conjugations conjugation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 5 supplemented supplement VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 7 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 8 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 9 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 10 stems stem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 12 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 15 preformative preformative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 16 -הת -הת HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 17 hiṯ- hiṯ- NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 19 -את -את ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 20 eṯ- eṯ- XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 434 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 2 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 5 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 6 ה ה NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 7 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 8 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 9 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 10 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 15 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 16 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 435 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 3 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 4 stems stem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 7 Gt Gt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 9 stem stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 11 התפעל התפעל NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 12 Hiṯpə‘el hiṯpə‘el NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 14 אתפעל אתפעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 15 Eṯpə‘el Eṯpə‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 18 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 19 Hithpe‘el Hithpe‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 21 Ethpe‘el Ethpe‘el VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 25 Dt Dt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 27 stem stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 29 התפעּל התפעּל CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 30 Hiṯpa‘‘al hiṯpa‘‘al NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 32 אתפעּל אתפעּל NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 33 Eṯpa‘‘al eṯpa‘‘al CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 35 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 36 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 37 Hithpa‘‘al Hithpa‘‘al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 39 Ethpa‘‘al Ethpa‘‘al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 44 Ct Ct NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 46 stem stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 48 התהפעל התהפעל NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 49 Hiṯhap̄‘al hiṯhap̄‘al NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 51 אתּפעל אתּפעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 52 Ettap̄‘al ettap̄‘al NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 54 השתפעל השתפעל JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 55 Hištap̄‘al hištap̄‘al NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 56 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 57 אשתפעל אשתפעל NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 58 Eštap̄‘al Eštap̄‘al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 60 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 61 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 62 Hithhaph‘al hithhaph‘al RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 64 Ettaph‘al ettaph‘al VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 66 Hishtaph‘al hishtaph‘al NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 67 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 68 Eshtaph‘al eshtaph‘al CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 69 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 436 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 2 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 4 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 5 reflexive reflexive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 8 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 10 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 437 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 6 stems stem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 8 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 9 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 10 differs differ NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 12 verb verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 14 verb verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 438 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 1 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 3 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 4 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 8 conjugations conjugation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 16 G g NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 18 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 21 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 439 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 3 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 4 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 8 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 9 כת״ב כת״ב CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 10 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 12 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 14 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 16 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 19 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 24 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 26 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 29 usual usual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 30 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 32 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 33 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 35 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 37 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 39 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 40 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 440 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 1 Stem Stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 2 Perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 3 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 4 Imperfect imperfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 5 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 6 Perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 7 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 8 Imperfect Imperfect NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 9 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 10 פעל פעל NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 11 Pə‘al Pə‘al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 13 G g NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 15 stem stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 17 כתב כתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 18 kəṯaḇ kəṯaḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 19 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 20 kəṯaḇ kəṯaḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 21 יכתב יכתב VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 22 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 23 נכתב נכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 24 yiḵtuḇ yiḵtuḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 25 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 26 neḵtoḇ neḵtoḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 27 כתיב כתיב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 28 kəṯîḇ kəṯîḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 29 התפעל\אתפעל התפעל\אתפעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 30 Hiṯpə‘ēl Hiṯpə‘ēl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 31 / / , en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 32 Eṯpə‘el Eṯpə‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 34 Gt Gt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 36 stem stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 38 התכתב התכתב VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 39 ↔ ↔ UH en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 40 אתכתב אתכתב . en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 41 hiṯkəṯēḇ hiṯkəṯēḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 42 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 43 eṯkəṯeḇ eṯkəṯeḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 44 יתכתב יתכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 45 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 46 נתכתב נתכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 47 yiṯkəṯēḇ yiṯkəṯēḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 48 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 49 neṯkəṯeḇ neṯkəṯeḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 50 פעּל פעּל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 51 Pa‘‘ēl Pa‘‘ēl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 52 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 53 Pa‘‘el Pa‘‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 55 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 56 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 57 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 59 כתּב כתּב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 60 kattēḇ kattēḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 61 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 62 katteḇ katteḇ VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 63 יכתּב יכתּב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 64 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 65 נכתּב נכתּב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 66 yəḵattēḇ yəḵattēḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 67 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 68 nəkatteḇ nəkatteḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 69 כֻתּב כֻתּב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 70 kuttaḇ kuttaḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 71 התפעל\אתפעל התפעל\אתפעל NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 72 Hiṯpa‘‘al hiṯpa‘‘al NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 73 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 74 Eṯpa‘‘al eṯpa‘‘al CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 75 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 76 Dt Dt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 77 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 78 stem stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 80 התכתּב התכתּב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 81 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 82 אתכתּב אתכתּב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 83 hiṯkəttēḇ hiṯkəttēḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 84 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 85 eṯkətteḇ eṯkətteḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 86 יתכתּב יתכתּב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 87 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 88 נתכתּב נתכתּב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 89 yiṯkəttēḇ yiṯkəttēḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 90 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 91 neṯkətteḇ neṯkətteḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 92 הפעל\אפעל הפעל\אפעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 93 Hap̄‘ēl Hap̄‘ēl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 94 / / . en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 95 Ap̄‘el Ap̄‘el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 97 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 98 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 99 stem stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 100 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 101 הכתב הכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 102 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 103 אכתב אכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 104 haḵtēḇ haḵtēḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 105 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 106 aḵteḇ aḵteḇ VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 107 יהכתב↔ יהכתב↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 108 נכתב נכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 109 yəhaḵtēḇ yəhaḵtēḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 110 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 111 naḵteḇ naḵteḇ VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 112 הֻכתב הֻכתב PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 113 huḵtaḇ huḵtaḇ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 114 התהפעל\אתּפעל התהפעל\אתּפעל NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 115 Hiṯhap̄‘al Hiṯhap̄‘al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 116 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 117 Ettap̄‘al ettap̄‘al NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 118 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 119 Ct ct NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 120 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 121 stem stem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 122 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 123 התהכתב התהכתב VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 124 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 125 אתּכתב אתּכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 126 hiṯhaḵtaḇ hiṯhaḵtaḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 127 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 128 ettaḵtaḇ ettaḵtaḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 129 יתהכתב יתהכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 130 ↔ ↔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 131 נתּכתב נתּכתב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 132 yiṯhaḵtaḇ yiṯhaḵtaḇ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 133 ↔ ↔ VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 134 nettaḵtaḇ nettaḵtaḇ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 135 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 136 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 137 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 138 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 139 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 140 participle participle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 141 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 142 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 143 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 144 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 145 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 146 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 147 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 148 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 441 149 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 1 Perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 2 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 3 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 6 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 8 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 9 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 10 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 12 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 14 composite composite JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 15 tenses tense NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 17 combinations combination NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 19 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 22 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 24 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 27 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 28 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 31 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 33 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 36 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 37 vivid vivid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 442 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 2 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 7 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 8 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 10 put put VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 11 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 13 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 14 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 16 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 17 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 19 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 21 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 23 VSO VSO NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 443 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 1 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 3 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 9 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 11 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 13 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 15 O o NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 17 V v NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 18 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 20 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 22 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 28 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 30 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 31 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 32 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 444 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 2 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 4 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 5 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 6 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 7 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 8 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 9 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 11 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 12 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 13 alphabet alphabet VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 16 Hatra Hatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 17 Ephrem Ephrem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 19 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 20 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 21 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 22 Gospel Gospel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 24 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 25 Peshitta Peshitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 26 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 28 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 30 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 31 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 32 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 34 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 35 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 37 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 38 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 39 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 41 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 42   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 43 11–23 11–23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 445 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 446 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 446 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 446 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 446 4 Beyer Beyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 446 5 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 446 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 447 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 447 2 Lipiński Lipiński NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 447 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 447 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 2 Creason Creason NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 7 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 9 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 448 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 449 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 449 2 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 449 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 449 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 450 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 450 2 Lipiński Lipiński NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 450 3 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 450 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 451 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 451 2 Kilpatrick Kilpatrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 451 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 451 4 Hilary Hilary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 451 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 451 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 451 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 451 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 2 Modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 5 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 6 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 7 Adab Adab NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 8 Work Work NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 11 Kitāb Kitāb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 12 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 14 Aghānī Aghānī NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 452 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 453 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 453 2 Smart Smart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 453 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 453 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 453 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 454 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 454 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 454 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 454 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 454 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 1 Tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 3 Modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 5 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 7 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 8 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 455 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 456 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 456 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 457 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 457 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 457 3 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 457 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 458 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 458 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 458 3 9781136788123 9781136788123 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 458 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 459 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 459 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 459 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 459 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 459 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 460 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 460 2 Myers Myers NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 460 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 460 4 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 460 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 460 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 460 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 460 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 461 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 461 2 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 461 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 461 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 462 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 462 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 462 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 462 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 463 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 463 2 Eerdmans Eerdmans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 463 3 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 463 4 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 463 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 1 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 2 Rapids Rapids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 4 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 6 Alban Alban NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 7 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 8 Limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 464 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 465 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 465 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 465 3 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 465 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 466 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 466 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 466 3 9780802824028 9780802824028 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 466 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 467 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 467 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 467 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 467 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 467 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 4 agreed agree VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 9 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 12 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 17 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 468 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 1 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 4 disciples disciple NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 5 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 7 Galilean Galilean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 8 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 12 distinguished distinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 14 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 16 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 18 Matt Matt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 469 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 470 1 26:73 26:73 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 470 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 470 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 471 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 471 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 471 3 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 471 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 471 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 471 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 472 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 472 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 472 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 473 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 473 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 473 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 473 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 473 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 474 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 474 2 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 474 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 474 4 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 1 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 3 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 5 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 7 Did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 8 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 9 Speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 475 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 476 1 Patheos.com Patheos.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 476 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 477 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 477 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 477 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 477 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 477 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 4 Folmer Folmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 9 587–598 587–598 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 478 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 479 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 479 2 Bae Bae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 479 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 479 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 479 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 479 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 479 7 1–20 1–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 479 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 2 Green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 7 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 9 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 10 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 12 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 13 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 15 CITEREFGreen1992 CITEREFGreen1992 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 17 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 19 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 21 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 22 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 23 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 25 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 27 685–696 685–696 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 480 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 481 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 481 2 Beyer beyer NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 481 3 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 481 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 481 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 481 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 481 7 38–43 38–43 PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 481 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 482 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 482 2 Casey Casey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 482 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 482 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 482 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 482 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 482 7 83–93 83–93 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 482 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 4 Burtea Burtea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 9 670–685 670–685 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 483 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 6 Häberl Häberl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 7 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 11 725–737 725–737 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 484 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 2 Heinrichs Heinrichs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 7 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 9 XV XV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 485 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 486 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 486 2 Beyer beyer NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 486 3 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 486 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 486 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 486 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 486 7 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 486 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 2 Naby Naby NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 7 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 9 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 487 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 2 Shaviv Shaviv NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 4 Miriam Miriam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 6 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 488 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 3 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 7 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 489 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 490 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 490 2 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 490 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 490 4 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 490 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 491 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 491 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 491 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 491 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 491 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 5 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 10 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 492 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 2 Kopp Kopp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 4 Ulrich Ulrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 5 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 7 1821 1821 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 493 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 2 Semitische Semitische NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 3 Paläographie Paläographie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 5 Aramäische Aramäische NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 6 ältere ältere JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 7 Schrift Schrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 494 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 495 1 Bilder Bilder NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 495 2 und und NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 495 3 Schriften Schriften NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 495 4 der der VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 495 5 Vorzeit Vorzeit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 495 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 496 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 496 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 497 1 226–227 226–227 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 497 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 497 3 § § CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 497 4 168–169 168–169 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 497 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 497 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 2 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 3 Irre Irre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 4 ich ich VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 5 nicht nicht NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 7 so so CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 8 hat hat NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 9 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 10 die die VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 11 Benennung Benennung NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 12 „ „ DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 13 phönicische phönicische JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 14 Schrift schrift JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 15 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 16 bisher bisher NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 17 etwas etwa VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 18 zu zu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 19 freygebig freygebig NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 20 gebraucht gebraucht NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 22 den den NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 23 Phöniciern Phöniciern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 24 alles alle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 25 gegeben gegeben NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 27 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 28 den den JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 29 Aramäern aramäern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 30 nichts nicht NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 31 gelassen gelassen VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 33 gleichsam gleichsam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 35 als als NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 36 ob ob NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 37 diese diese NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 38 gar gar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 39 nicht nicht NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 40 hätten hätten NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 41 schreiben schreiben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 42 können können NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 44 oder oder NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 45 doch doch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 46 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 47 ihnen ihnen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 48 nicht nicht NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 49 ein ein NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 50 einziges einzige VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 51 Denkmal Denkmal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 52 aus au VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 53 ältern ältern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 54 Zeiten Zeiten NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 55 sich sich NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 56 sollte sollte NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 57 erhalten erhalten VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 58 haben haben NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 498 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 1 Selbst Selbst NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 2 Schriften Schriften NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 5 welchen welchen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 6 sich sich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 7 die die NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 8 aramäische aramäische NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 9 Mund Mund NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 11 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 12 gar gar NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 13 nicht nicht NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 14 verkennen verkennen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 15 läßt läßt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 17 nennen nennen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 18 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 19 Orientalisten orientalisten NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 20 phönicisch phönicisch NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 22 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 499 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 1 195 195 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 4 bloß bloß NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 5 weil weil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 6 sie sie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 7 noch noch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 8 nicht nicht NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 9 geahndet geahndet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 10 haben haben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 12 daß daß NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 13 eine eine NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 14 Verschiedenheit Verschiedenheit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 15 vorhanden vorhanden NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 16 seyn seyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 17 könne könne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 500 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 1 Ein Ein NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 2 Haupt Haupt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 4 Unterscheidungs Unterscheidungs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 6 Zeichen Zeichen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 7 -- -- : en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 8 So so RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 9 weit weit JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 10 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 12 ohne ohne NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 13 auch auch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 14 dasjenige dasjenige NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 15 gesehen gesehen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 16 zu zu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 17 haben haben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 20 etwa etwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 21 noch noch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 22 entdeckt entdeckt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 23 werden werden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 24 könnte könnte NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 26 vorjetzt vorjetzt VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 27 durch durch NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 28 bloße bloße NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 29 Induction Induction NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 30 schließen schließen JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 31 kann kann NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 33 scheint scheint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 35 den den NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 36 Buchstaben Buchstaben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 37 ב ב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 39 ד ד NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 41 ע ע NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 42 und und NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 43 ר ר NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 44 zu zu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 45 liegen liegen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 501 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 1 Denn Denn NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 2 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 3 viele viele VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 4 phönicische phönicische NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 5 Denkmäler Denkmäler NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 6 ich ich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 7 auch auch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 8 betrachtet betrachtet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 9 habe habe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 11 so so CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 12 sind sind JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 13 mir mir NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 14 doch doch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 16 keinem keinem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 17 einzigen einzigen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 18 ächt ächt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 19 phönicischen phönicischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 20 diejenigen diejenigen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 21 Gestalten Gestalten NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 22 vorgekommen vorgekomman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 24 welche welche NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 25 sich sich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 26 oben oben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 27 öffnen öffnen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 29 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 502 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 503 1 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 503 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 503 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 1 Nur Nur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 2 bey bey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 3 dem dem JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 4 einzigen einzigen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 5 ע ע NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 6 finden finden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 7 sich sich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 9 wie wie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 10 ich ich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 11 schon schon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 12 erinnert erinnert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 13 habe habe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 15 jedoch jedoch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 16 höchst höchst NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 17 seltene seltene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 18 Ausnahmen Ausnahmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 20 die die VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 21 zuweilen zuweilen JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 22 bloß bloß NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 23 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 24 der der IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 25 Uebereilung Uebereilung NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 26 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 27 Schreibers Schreibers NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 28 herrühren herrühren NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 30 z z NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 504 32 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 1 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 2 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 3 ersten ersten VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 4 ע ע NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 5 der der XX en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 6 oxforder oxforder NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 7 Inschrift Inschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 505 9 B.I. B.I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 506 1 S.207 S.207 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 506 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 506 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 507 1 Wir wir IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 507 2 haben haben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 507 3 sogar sogar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 507 4 oben oben NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 507 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 507 6 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 507 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 1 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 3 gesehen gesehen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 5 daß daß NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 6 selbst selbst NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 7 noch noch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 8 153 153 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 9 Jahre Jahre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 10 nach nach NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 11 Christi Christi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 12 Geburt Geburt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 14 als als NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 15 schon schon NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 16 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 17 Schrift Schrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 19 Phönicien Phönicien NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 20 sehr sehr NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 21 ausgeartet ausgeartet VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 22 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 24 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 26 dem dem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 27 ganzen ganzen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 28 Zeit Zeit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 30 Raume Raume NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 31 vorher vorher NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 33 nie nie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 34 ד ד NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 35 und und NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 36 ר ר NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 37 mit mit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 38 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 39 oben oben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 40 geöffneten geöffneten NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 41 Köpfen Köpfen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 42 erscheinen erscheinen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 508 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 1 Dagegen Dagegen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 2 haben haben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 3 diejenigen diejenigen NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 4 Denkmäler Denkmäler NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 6 auf auf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 7 welchen welchen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 8 man man NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 9 sie sie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 10 antrifft antrifft NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 12 wie wie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 13 ich ich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 14 glaube glaube NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 16 auch auch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 17 keinen keinen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 18 Anspruch Anspruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 20 Pönicier Pönicier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 22 als als NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 23 Urheber Urheber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 25 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 26 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 28 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 31 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 32 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 35 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 509 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 510 1 Abarim Abarim NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 510 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 510 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 511 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 512 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 512 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 512 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 512 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 512 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 4 Nöldeke Nöldeke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 6 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 8 p.115 p.115 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 10 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 11 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 12 Griechen Griechen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 13 haben haben NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 14 den den NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 15 Namen Namen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 16 „ „ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 17 Aramäer Aramäer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 19 nie nie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 20 eigentlich eigentlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 21 gekannt gekannt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 23 ausser ausser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 24 Posidonius Posidonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 26 dem dem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 27 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 28 folgt folgt NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 30 nennt nennt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 31 ihn ihn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 32 uns uns NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 33 nur nur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 34 noch noch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 35 ein ein NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 36 andrer andrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 37 Orientale Orientale NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 39 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 41 Ant Ant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 513 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 514 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 514 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 514 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 514 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 514 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 514 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 514 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 1 Dass Dass NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 2 Homer Homer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 3 bei bei VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 4 den den NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 5 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 6 Ερεμβοι ερεμβοι JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 7 oder oder NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 9 den den NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 10 Worten Worten NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 11 eiv eiv PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 12 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 13 Αρίμοις Αρίμοις NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 15 sie sie JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 16 dächte dächte NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 18 ist ist NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 19 sehr sehr NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 20 unwahrscheinlich unwahrscheinlich NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 515 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 1 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 2 Griechen Griechen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 3 nannten nannten VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 4 das das NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 5 Volk Volk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 6 „ „ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 7 Syrer Syrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 9 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 516 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 517 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 517 2 Frye Frye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 517 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 517 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 517 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 517 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 517 7 281–285 281–285 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 517 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 518 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 518 2 Frye Frye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 518 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 518 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 518 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 518 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 518 7 30–36 30–36 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 518 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 519 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 519 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 519 3 Strong Strong NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 519 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 519 5 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 519 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 519 7 804 804 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 519 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 520 1 אַשּׁוּר אַשּׁוּר . en-wikipedia-org-2561 520 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 520 3 Ashshuwr Ashshuwr NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 520 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 520 5 -- -- : en-wikipedia-org-2561 520 6 Asshur Asshur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 520 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 520 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 521 1 biblehub.com biblehub.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 521 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 522 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 522 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 522 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 522 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 522 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 522 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 522 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 523 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 523 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 523 3 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 523 4 Entry Entry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 523 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 523 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 524 1 www.assyrianlanguages.org www.assyrianlanguages.org ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 524 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 525 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 525 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 525 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 525 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 525 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 525 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 525 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 526 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 526 2 Andrade Andrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 526 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 526 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 526 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 526 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 526 7 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 526 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 2 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 4 Antiquities Antiquities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 9 1.144 1.144 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 12 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 15 Aramites Aramites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 19 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 20 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 527 21 Syrians Syrians NNPS 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533 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 533 70 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 1 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 2 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 4 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 6 suppose suppose VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 9 Arabians Arabians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 11 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 13 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 14 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 16 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 19 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 534 22 latitudes latitude NNS 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542 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 542 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 542 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 542 7 11641 11641 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 542 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 542 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 542 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 2 designations designation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 3 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 5 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 7 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 9 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 10 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 11 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 12 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 13 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 543 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 3 Greeks Greeks NNPS 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B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 28 restricted restrict VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 30 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 31 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 34 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 35 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 38 Euphrates Euphrates NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 544 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 3 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 5 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 9 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 10 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 12 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 14 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 15 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 18 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 19 Septuagint Septuagint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 22 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 25 Hellenized Hellenized NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 26 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 28 Alexandria 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en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 54 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 55 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 56 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 57 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 545 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 2 Footnote footnote NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 4 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 5 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 6 Authorized Authorized NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 7 Version Version NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 10 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 11 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 13 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 15 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 16 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 546 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 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D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 2 Tobiæ Tobiæ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 3 Mevii Mevii NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 5 Elerti Elerti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 6 Schumacheri Schumacheri NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 8 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 9 Matthæum Matthæum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 10 Henckelium Henckelium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 557 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 2 Partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 4 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 9 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 11 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 12 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 15 gentile gentile JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 16 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 18 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 20 Gen Gen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 21 10:22 10:22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 26 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 27 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 30 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 31 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 32 Bohemian bohemian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 34 Polish polish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 36 Vandal Vandal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 37 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 558 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 1 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 4 Chaldean chaldean JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 6 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 8 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 559 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 3 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 4 Original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 6 Linguae Linguae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 7 Aramaeae Aramaeae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 8 nomen noman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 9 à à NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 10 gentis gentis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 11 conditore conditore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 13 Aramo Aramo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 14 nimirum nimirum IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 16 Gen. Gen. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 17 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 18 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 20 desumptum desumptum NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 21 est est NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 23 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 24 complectitur complectitur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 26 perinde perinde NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 27 ut ut UH en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 28 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 29 Sclavonica Sclavonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 31 Bohemican Bohemican NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 33 Polonican Polonican NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 35 Vandalicam Vandalicam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 36 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 37 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 38 Dialectos Dialectos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 39 plures plure NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 41 ceu ceu NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 42 sunt sunt NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 44 Chaldaica Chaldaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 46 Syriaca Syriaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 48 Samaritana Samaritana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 560 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 2 Quatremère Quatremère NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 4 Étienne Étienne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 5 Marc Marc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 7 1835 1835 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 561 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 562 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 562 2 Mémoire mémoire VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 562 3 Sur Sur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 562 4 Les Les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 562 5 Nabatéens Nabatéens NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 562 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 562 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 563 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 563 2 asiatique asiatique NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 563 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 564 1 Société Société NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 564 2 asiatique asiatique NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 564 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 564 4 122–127 122–127 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 564 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 1 Les Les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 2 livres livre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 3 du du VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 4 Nouveau Nouveau NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 5 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 6 furent furent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 7 immédiatement immédiatement NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 8 traduits traduit NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 9 dans dan NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 10 fa fa IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 11 langue langue NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 12 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 13 pays pays NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 565 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 1 Or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 2 ces ces NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 3 livres livre VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 4 étaient étaient NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 5 écrits écrit NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 6 dans dan NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 7 la la IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 8 langue langue NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 9 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 10 Grecs Grecs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 12 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 13 offraient offraient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 14 par par NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 15 conséquent conséquent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 16 les les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 17 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 18 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 19 les les FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 20 dénominations dénomination NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 21 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 22 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 23 chez'ce chez'ce NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 24 peuple peuple NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 566 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 1 Or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 2 les les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 3 noms noms NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 4 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 5 Syrie Syrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 7 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 8 Syriens Syriens NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 9 se se VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 10 trouvaient trouvaient NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 11 souvent souvent NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 12 employés employés NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 13 dans dans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 14 les les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 15 livres livre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 16 fondamentaux fondamentaux NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 17 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 18 christianisme christianisme NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 567 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 1 Les Les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 2 habitants habitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 3 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 4 pays pay VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 5 situés situés NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 6 entre entre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 7 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 8 Méditerranée Méditerranée NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 9 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 10 l'Euphrate l'Euphrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 12 se se NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 13 voyant voyant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 14 désignés désignés JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 15 par par IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 16 une une JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 17 dénomination dénomination NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 18 qui qui NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 19 leur leur IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 20 était était NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 21 étrangère étrangère NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 23 mais mais NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 24 qui qui NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 25 se se NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 26 trouvait trouvait NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 27 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 28 quelque quelque NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 29 sorte sorte NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 30 consacrée consacrée NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 31 par par NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 32 l'autorité l'autorité NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 33 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 34 livres livre VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 35 qu'ils qu'il VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 36 vénéraient vénéraient VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 37 à à NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 38 tant tant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 39 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 40 titres titres NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 42 ne ne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 43 crurent crurent NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 44 pas pas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 45 sans sans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 46 doute doute NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 47 pouvoir pouvoir NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 48 rejeter rejeter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 49 ce ce NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 50 nom nom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 52 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 53 l'adoptèrent l'adoptèrent NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 54 sans sans NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 55 répugnance répugnance NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 568 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 1 Ils Ils NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 2 se se NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 3 persuadèrent persuadèrent NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 4 que que NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 6 régénérés régénérés NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 7 par par NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 8 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 9 nouveau nouveau NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 10 culte culte NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 12 ils ils NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 13 devaient devaient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 14 sous sous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 15 tous tous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 16 les les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 17 rapports rapports NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 18 devenir devenir NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 19 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 20 peuple peuple NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 21 nouveau nouveau NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 22 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 23 abjurer abjurer FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 24 leur leur IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 25 nom nom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 26 antique antique NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 28 qui qui NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 29 semblait semblait VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 30 leur leur IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 31 rappeler rappeler NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 32 l'idolâtrie l'idolâtrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 33 à à NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 34 laquelle laquelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 35 le le NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 36 christianisme christianisme NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 37 venait venait NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 38 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 39 les les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 40 arracher arracher NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 569 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 1 Cette Cette NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 2 conjecture conjecture NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 3 est est NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 5 si si NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 6 je je NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 7 ne ne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 8 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 9 trompe trompe FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 11 confirmée confirmée NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 12 par par NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 13 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 14 fait fait NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 15 que que NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 16 je je NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 17 crois crois NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 18 décisif décisif NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 570 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 1 Dans dan NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 2 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 3 langue langue NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 4 syriaque syriaque NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 5 ecclésiastique ecclésiastique NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 7 le le NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 8 mot mot NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 9 armoïo armoïo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 11 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 13 qui qui NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 14 ne ne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 15 diffère diffère NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 16 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 17 nom nom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 18 ancien ancien NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 20 ormoïo ormoïo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 22 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 24 que que NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 25 par par NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 26 une une NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 27 seule seule NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 28 voyelle voyelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 30 désigne désigne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 31 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 32 païen païen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 34 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 35 idolâtre idolâtre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 571 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 1 Ainsi Ainsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 2 s'intrôduisit s'intrôduisit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 3 le le NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 4 nom nom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 5 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 6 Sourioïo Sourioïo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 8 Syrien Syrien NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 572 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 1 Quant Quant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 2 à à NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 3 la la JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 4 dénomination dénomination NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 5 Orom Orom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 7 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 9 ou ou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 10 le le NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 11 pays pay VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 12 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 13 Araméens Araméens NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 15 elle elle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 16 fut fut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 17 appliquée appliquée NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 18 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 19 préférence préférence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 20 à à NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 21 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 22 contrée contrée NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 23 que que NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 24 les les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 25 Grecs Grecs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 26 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 27 les les FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 28 Latins Latins NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 29 appelaient appelaient NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 30 Assyrie Assyrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 573 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 3 Hittites Hittites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 5 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 7 Aramaeans Aramaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 574 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 575 1 fsmitha.com fsmitha.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 575 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 576 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 576 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 576 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 576 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 576 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 577 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 577 2 Yana Yana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 577 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 577 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 577 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 577 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 577 7 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 577 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 5 Weninger Weninger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 10 747–755 747–755 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 578 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 579 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 579 2 Kapeliuk Kapeliuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 579 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 579 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 579 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 579 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 579 7 738–747 738–747 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 579 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 2 Chyet Chyet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 7 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 9 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 580 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 4 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 8 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 10 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 11 MIRIAM MIRIAM NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 12 SHAVIV SHAVIV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 14 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 15 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 16 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 18 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 20 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 21 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 23 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 24 Israelis Israelis NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 25 seek seek VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 27 revive revive VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 28 endangered endangered JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 31 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 581 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 582 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 582 2 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 582 3 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 582 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 583 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 583 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 583 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 583 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 584 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 584 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 584 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 584 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 584 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 2 Fitzmyer Fitzmyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 7 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 9 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 585 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 2 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 7 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 9 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 586 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 2 Butts Butts NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 3 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 7 222 222 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 9 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 587 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 2 Fitzmyer Fitzmyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 7 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 9 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 588 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 2 Butts Butts NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 3 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 7 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 9 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 589 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 2 Younger Younger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 4 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 6 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 7 Lawson Lawson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 9 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 590 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 2 Panammuwa Panammuwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 4 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 6 Rakib Rakib NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 8 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 9 Structural Structural NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 10 Analyses Analyses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 591 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 10 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 11 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 592 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 593 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 593 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 593 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 593 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 593 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 594 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 594 2 Beyer beyer NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 594 3 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 594 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 594 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 594 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 594 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 594 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 595 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 595 2 Heinrichs Heinrichs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 595 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 595 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 595 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 595 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 595 7 X. X. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 596 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 596 2 Fales Fales NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 596 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 596 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 596 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 596 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 596 7 555–573 555–573 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 596 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 597 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 597 2 Beyer beyer NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 597 3 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 597 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 597 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 597 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 597 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 597 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 598 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 598 2 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 598 3 2012a 2012a CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 598 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 598 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 598 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 598 7 574–586 574–586 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 598 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 2 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 3 2012b 2012b CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 7 598 598 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 9 609 609 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 599 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 600 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 600 2 Shaked shake VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 600 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 600 4 Saul Saul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 600 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 600 6 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 600 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 600 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 601 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 601 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 601 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 601 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 602 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 602 2 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 602 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 603 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 603 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 604 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 604 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 604 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 604 4 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 604 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 604 6 Kegan Kegan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 604 7 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 604 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 605 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 605 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 606 1 251–252 251–252 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 606 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 607 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 607 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 607 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 607 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 607 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 2 Frye Frye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 5 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 7 Driver Driver NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 9 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 10 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 12 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 608 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 6 Driver Driver NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 8 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 9 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 10 Documents Documents NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 13 Fifth Fifth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 14 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 15 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 16 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 17 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 609 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 610 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 610 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 610 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 610 4 Asiatic Asiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 610 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 610 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 3 3/4 3/4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 6 457 457 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 8 doi:10.2307/2718444 doi:10.2307/2718444 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 611 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 612 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 612 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 612 3 2718444 2718444 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 612 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 2 Geiger Geiger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 4 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 6 Kuhn Kuhn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 8 Ernst Ernst NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 10 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 613 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 2 Grundriss Grundriss NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 3 der der VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 4 iranischen iranischen RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 5 Philologie philologie NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 7 Band Band NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 8 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 9 Abteilung Abteilung NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 10 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 614 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 615 1 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 615 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 615 3 Adamant adamant NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 615 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 615 5 249 249 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 615 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 9 Stolper Stolper NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 11 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 12 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 13 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 15 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 616 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 5 Persepolis Persepolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 6 Fortification Fortification NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 7 Tablets Tablets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 617 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 2 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 3 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 4 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 6 Notes Notes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 8 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 11 6–9 6–9 NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 618 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 619 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 619 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 619 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 619 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 619 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 2 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 3 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 7 710 710 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 9 712 712 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 620 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 2 Naveh Naveh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 4 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 6 Shaked Shaked NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 8 Shaul Shaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 621 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 622 1 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 622 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 622 3 Documents Documents NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 622 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 622 5 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 622 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 623 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 623 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 623 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 623 4 Khalili Khalili NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 623 5 Collection Collection NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 623 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 624 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 624 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 624 3 Khalili Khalili NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 624 4 Collections Collections NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 624 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 5 874780 874780 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 7 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 625 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 2 Gallagher Gallagher NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 7 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 9 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 626 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 2 Nöldeke Nöldeke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 3 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 7 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 9 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 627 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 2 Kautzsch Kautzsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 3 1884a 1884a CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 7 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 9 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 628 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 2 Kautzsch Kautzsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 3 1884b 1884b CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 7 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 9 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 629 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 2 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 7 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 9 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 630 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 631 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 631 2 Beyer beyer NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 631 3 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 631 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 631 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 631 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 631 7 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 631 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 632 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 632 2 Wiesehöfer Wiesehöfer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 632 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 632 4 Josef Josef NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 632 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 632 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 632 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 632 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 633 1 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 633 2 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 633 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 634 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 634 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 634 3 Azodi Azodi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 634 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 634 5 Azizeh Azizeh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 634 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 635 1 I.B. I.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 636 1 Taurus Taurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 636 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 637 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 637 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 638 1 118–120 118–120 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 638 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 639 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 639 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 639 3 9781860646751 9781860646751 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 639 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 640 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 640 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 640 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 640 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 640 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 2 Häberl Häberl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 5 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 8 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 641 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 2 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 3 Scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 6 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 9 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 12 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 13 Script Script NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 642 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 1 Bulletin bulletin NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 5 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 7 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 8 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 10 341 341 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 13 53–62 53–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 643 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 644 1 doi:10.7282 doi:10.7282 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 644 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 644 3 T37D2SGZ T37D2SGZ NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 644 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 645 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 645 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 645 3 25066933 25066933 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 645 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 2 Darling Darling NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 4 Cary Cary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 6 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 646 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 3 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 4 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 647 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 648 1 Miami Miami NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 648 2 Herald Herald NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 648 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 649 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 650 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 650 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 650 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 650 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 650 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 2 Healey Healey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 7 637 637 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 9 652 652 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 651 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 2 Briquel Briquel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 4 Chatonnet Chatonnet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 9 652–659 652–659 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 652 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 653 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 653 2 Sokoloff Sokoloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 653 3 2012b 2012b NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 653 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 653 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 653 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 653 7 660–670 660–670 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 653 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 654 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 654 2 Tal Tal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 654 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 654 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 654 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 654 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 654 7 619–628 619–628 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 654 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 655 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 655 2 Sokoloff Sokoloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 655 3 2012a 2012a NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 655 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 655 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 655 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 655 7 610–619 610–619 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 655 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 656 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 656 2 Morgenstern Morgenstern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 656 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 656 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 656 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 656 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 656 7 628–637 628–637 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 656 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 2 Emran Emran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 3 El El NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 5 Badawi Badawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 7 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 657 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 658 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 658 2 Qur'an Qur'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 658 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 658 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 658 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 658 6 Gospel Gospel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 658 7 Traditions Traditions NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 658 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 659 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 659 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 660 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 660 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 660 3 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 660 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 7 317 317 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 9 92933 92933 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 661 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 662 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 662 2 Khan Khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 662 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 662 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 662 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 662 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 662 7 708–724 708–724 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 662 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 663 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 663 2 Jastrow Jastrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 663 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 663 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 663 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 663 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 663 7 697–707 697–707 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 663 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 664 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 664 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 664 3 Strong Strong NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 664 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 664 5 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 664 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 664 7 2091 2091 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 664 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 665 1 זָהָב זָהָב NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 665 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 665 3 zahab zahab NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 665 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 665 5 -- -- : en-wikipedia-org-2561 665 6 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 665 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 665 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 666 1 biblehub.com biblehub.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 666 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 667 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 667 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 667 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 667 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 667 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 667 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 667 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 668 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 668 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 668 3 Strong Strong NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 668 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 668 5 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 668 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 668 7 1722 1722 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 668 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 669 1 דְּהַב דְּהַב NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 669 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 669 3 dehab dehab NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 669 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 669 5 -- -- : en-wikipedia-org-2561 669 6 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 669 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 669 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 670 1 biblehub.com biblehub.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2561 670 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 671 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 671 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 671 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 671 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 671 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 671 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 671 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 672 1 Sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 672 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 672 3 Andrade Andrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 672 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 672 5 Nathanael Nathanael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 672 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 673 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 673 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 673 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 673 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 1 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 2 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 5 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 674 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 675 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 675 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 675 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 675 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 675 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 675 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 676 1 Andrade Andrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 676 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 676 3 Nathanael Nathanael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 676 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 677 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 677 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 677 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 677 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 2 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 4 Syrians Syrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 7 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 11 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 12 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 15 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 16 Periods Periods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 678 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 679 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 679 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 679 3 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 679 4 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 679 5 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 679 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 680 1 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 680 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 680 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 680 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 680 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 680 6 299–317 299–317 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 680 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 681 1 doi:10.1086/677249 doi:10.1086/677249 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 681 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 682 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 682 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 682 3 10.1086/677249 10.1086/677249 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 682 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 683 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 683 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 683 3 163755644 163755644 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 683 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 684 1 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 684 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 684 3 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 684 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 684 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 684 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 684 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 685 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 685 2 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 685 3 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 685 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 685 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 685 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 685 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 686 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 686 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 686 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 686 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 686 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 686 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 686 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 686 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 687 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 687 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 687 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 687 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 687 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 687 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 687 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 687 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 688 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 688 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 689 1 685–696 685–696 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 689 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 1 Bae Bae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 3 Chul Chul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 5 hyun hyun NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 690 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 5 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 6 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 7 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 9 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 12 538 538 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 13 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 14 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 15 B.C.E. B.C.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 691 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 692 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 692 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 692 3 Universal Universal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 692 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 692 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 693 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 693 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 693 3 1–20 1–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 693 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 694 1 doi:10.22425 doi:10.22425 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 694 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 694 3 jul.2004.5.1.1 jul.2004.5.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 694 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 695 1 Beyer Beyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 695 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 695 3 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 695 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 695 5 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 695 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 695 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 5 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 6 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 8 Subdivisions subdivision NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 696 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 697 1 Göttingen Göttingen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 697 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 697 3 Vandenhoeck Vandenhoeck NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 697 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 697 5 Ruprecht Ruprecht NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 697 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 1 Briquel Briquel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 3 Chatonnet Chatonnet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 5 Françoise Françoise NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 7 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 698 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 2 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 7 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 8 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 699 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 700 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 700 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 700 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 700 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 700 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 700 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 700 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 700 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 701 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 701 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 701 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 701 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 701 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 701 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 701 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 701 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 702 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 702 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 703 1 652–659 652–659 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 703 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 704 1 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 704 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 704 3 Sebastian Sebastian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 704 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 704 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 704 6 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 704 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 704 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 3 Fragment Fragment NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 6 Acta Acta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 7 Pilati Pilati NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 9 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 10 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 705 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 706 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 706 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 706 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 706 4 Theological Theological NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 706 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 706 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 707 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 707 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 707 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 707 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 707 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 707 6 157–159 157–159 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 707 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 708 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 708 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 708 3 jts jts NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 708 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 708 5 XXII.I.157 xxii.i.157 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 708 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 709 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 709 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 709 3 23962351 23962351 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 709 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 710 1 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 710 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 710 3 Sebastian Sebastian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 710 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 710 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 710 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 710 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 710 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 2 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 3 Thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 4 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 7 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 711 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 712 1 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 712 2 Periodical Periodical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 712 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 713 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 713 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 713 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 713 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 713 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 713 6 11–23 11–23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 713 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 714 1 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 714 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 714 3 Sebastian Sebastian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 714 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 714 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 714 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 714 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 714 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 715 1 Kiraz Kiraz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 715 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 715 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 715 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 715 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 715 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 715 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 715 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 2 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 3 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 4 Annotation annotation NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 7 Hidden hidden JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 8 Pearl Pearl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 10 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 11 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 12 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 13 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 16 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 17 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 18 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 20 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 22 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 26 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 30 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 716 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 717 1 Hugoye hugoye JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 717 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 717 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 717 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 717 5 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 717 6 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 717 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 718 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 718 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 718 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 718 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 718 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 718 6 63–112 63–112 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 718 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 719 1 Burnett Burnett NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 719 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 719 3 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 719 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 719 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 719 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 719 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 719 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 2 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 3 Aramaism aramaism NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 6 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 8 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 11 Scholarship Scholarship NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 14 Sixteenth Sixteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 15 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 18 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 720 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 721 1 Seeking seek VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 721 2 Out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2561 721 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 721 4 Wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 721 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 721 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 721 7 Ancients Ancients NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 721 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 722 1 Winona Winona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 722 2 Lake Lake NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 722 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 722 4 Eisenbrauns Eisenbrauns NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 722 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 723 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 723 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 724 1 421–436 421–436 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 724 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 725 1 Burtea Burtea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 725 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 725 3 Bogdan Bogdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 725 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 725 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 725 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 725 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 726 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 726 2 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 726 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 726 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 727 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 727 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 727 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 727 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 727 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 727 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 727 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 727 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 728 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 728 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 728 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 728 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 728 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 728 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 728 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 728 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 729 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 729 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 730 1 670–685 670–685 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 730 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 731 1 Butts Butts NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 731 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 731 3 Aaron Aaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 731 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 731 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 731 6 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 731 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 731 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 732 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 732 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 732 3 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 732 4 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 732 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 732 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 732 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 733 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 733 2 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 733 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 733 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 734 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 734 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 734 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 734 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 735 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 735 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 736 1 222–242 222–242 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 736 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 737 1 Casey Casey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 737 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 737 3 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 737 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 737 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 737 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 737 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 738 1 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 738 2 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 738 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 738 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 738 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 738 6 Gospel Gospel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 738 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 739 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 739 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 739 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 739 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 740 1 Creason Creason NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 740 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 740 3 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 740 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 740 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 740 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 740 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 741 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 741 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 741 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 741 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 741 5 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 741 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 741 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 2 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 5 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 7 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 9 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 742 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 743 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 743 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 743 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 743 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 743 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 743 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 744 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 744 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 745 1 108–144 108–144 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 745 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 746 1 Chyet Chyet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 746 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 746 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 746 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 746 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 746 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 746 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 746 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 3 Preliminary preliminary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 4 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 7 Loanwords Loanwords NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 9 Kurdish Kurdish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 747 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 1 Humanism Humanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 3 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 9 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 10 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 12 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 14 Honor Honor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 16 Georg Georg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 17 Krotkoff Krotkoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 748 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 749 1 Winona Winona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 749 2 Lake Lake NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 749 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 749 4 Eisenbrauns Eisenbrauns NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 749 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 750 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 750 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 750 3 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 750 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 750 5 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 750 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 751 1 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 751 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 751 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 751 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 752 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 752 2 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 752 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 752 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 5 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 8 Light Light NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 10 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 14 Zdravko Zdravko NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 15 Stefanovic Stefanovic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 753 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 754 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 754 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 754 3 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 754 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 754 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 755 1 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 755 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 755 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 755 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 755 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 755 6 710–712 710–712 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 755 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 756 1 doi:10.2307/3267414 doi:10.2307/3267414 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 756 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 757 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 757 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 757 3 3267414 3267414 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 757 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 758 1 Fales Fales NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 758 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 758 3 Frederick Frederick NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 758 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 758 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 758 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 758 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 758 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 759 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 759 2 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 759 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 759 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 759 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 760 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 760 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 760 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 760 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 760 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 760 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 760 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 760 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 761 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 761 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 761 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 761 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 761 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 761 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 761 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 761 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 762 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 762 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 763 1 555–573 555–573 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 763 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 764 1 Fitzmyer Fitzmyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 764 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 764 3 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 764 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 765 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 765 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 765 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 765 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 765 5 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 765 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 765 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 766 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 766 2 Wandering Wandering NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 766 3 Aramean Aramean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 766 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 766 5 Collected collect VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 766 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 766 7 Essays Essays NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 766 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 767 1 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 767 2 Rapids Rapids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 767 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 767 4 Eerdmans eerdman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 767 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 768 1 Folmer Folmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 768 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 768 3 Margaretha Margaretha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 768 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 768 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 768 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 768 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 6 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 7 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 10 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 12 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 13 Variation Variation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 769 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 770 1 Leuven Leuven VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 770 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 770 3 Peeters Peeters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 770 4 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 770 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 771 1 Folmer Folmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 771 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 771 3 Margaretha Margaretha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 771 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 771 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 771 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 771 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 2 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 6 Administrative Administrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 10 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 11 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 772 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 773 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 773 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 773 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 773 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 773 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 773 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 773 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 773 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 774 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 774 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 774 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 774 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 774 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 774 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 774 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 774 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 775 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 775 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 776 1 587–598 587–598 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 776 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 777 1 Frye Frye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 777 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 777 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 777 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 777 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 777 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 777 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 777 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 778 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 778 2 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 778 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 778 4 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 778 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 778 6 Synonyms Synonyms NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 778 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 778 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 779 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 779 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 779 3 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 779 4 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 779 5 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 779 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 780 1 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 780 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 780 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 780 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 780 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 780 6 281–285 281–285 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 780 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 781 1 doi:10.1086/373570 doi:10.1086/373570 FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 781 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 782 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 782 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 782 3 545826 545826 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 782 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 783 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 783 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 783 3 161323237 161323237 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 783 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 784 1 Frye Frye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 784 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 784 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 784 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 784 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 784 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 784 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 784 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 2 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 4 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 6 Synonyms Synonyms NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 785 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 786 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 786 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 786 3 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 786 4 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 786 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 786 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 787 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 787 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 787 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 787 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 787 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 787 6 30–36 30–36 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 787 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 9 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 11 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 13 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 788 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 789 1 Frye Frye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 789 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 789 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 789 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 789 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 789 6 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 789 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 789 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 2 Reply reply VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 5 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 790 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 791 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 791 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 791 3 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 791 4 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 791 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 791 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 792 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 792 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 792 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 792 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 792 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 792 6 69–70 69–70 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 792 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 9 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 11 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 13 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 793 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 794 1 Gallagher Gallagher NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 794 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 794 3 Edmon Edmon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 794 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 794 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 794 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 794 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 794 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 1 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 2 Scripture scripture NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 4 Patristic patristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 5 Biblical biblical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 6 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 8 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 10 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 12 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 795 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 796 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 796 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 796 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 796 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 796 5 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 796 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 797 1 Greenfield Greenfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 797 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 797 3 Jonas Jonas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 797 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 797 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 797 6 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 797 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 797 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 798 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 798 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 798 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 798 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 798 5 Achaemenian Achaemenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 798 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 798 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 798 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 799 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 799 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 799 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 799 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 799 5 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 799 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 800 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 800 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 801 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 801 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 801 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 801 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 801 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 801 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 802 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 802 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 803 1 698–713 698–713 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 803 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 804 1 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 804 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 804 3 Holger Holger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 804 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 804 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 804 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 804 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 5 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 6 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 9 Arsacid Arsacid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 10 Inscriptions Inscriptions NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 805 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 806 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 806 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 806 3 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 806 4 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 806 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 806 6 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 806 7 Setting Setting NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 806 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 807 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 807 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 807 3 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 807 4 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 807 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 808 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 808 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 809 1 107–130 107–130 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 809 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 810 1 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 810 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 810 3 Holger Holger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 810 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 810 5 2012a 2012a CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 810 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 810 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 811 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 811 2 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 811 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 811 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 811 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 812 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 812 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 812 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 812 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 812 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 812 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 812 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 812 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 813 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 813 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 813 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 813 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 813 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 813 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 813 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 813 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 814 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 814 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 815 1 574–586 574–586 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 815 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 816 1 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 816 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 816 3 Holger Holger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 816 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 816 5 2012b 2012b CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 816 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 816 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 817 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 817 2 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 817 3 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 817 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 817 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 817 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 818 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 818 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 818 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 818 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 818 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 818 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 818 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 818 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 819 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 819 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 819 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 819 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 819 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 819 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 819 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 819 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 820 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 820 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 821 1 598–609 598–609 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 821 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 822 1 Gzella Gzella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 822 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 822 3 Holger Holger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 822 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 822 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 822 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 822 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 2 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 9 Beginnings Beginnings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 12 Advent Advent NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 14 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 823 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 824 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 824 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 824 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 824 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 824 5 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 824 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 825 1 Häberl Häberl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 825 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 825 3 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 825 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 825 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 825 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 825 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 825 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 826 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 826 2 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 826 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 826 4 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 826 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 826 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 827 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 827 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 827 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 827 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 827 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 827 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 827 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 827 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 828 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 828 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 828 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 828 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 828 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 828 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 828 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 828 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 829 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 829 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 830 1 725–737 725–737 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 830 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 831 1 Healey Healey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 831 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 831 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 831 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 831 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 831 6 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 831 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 831 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 832 1 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 832 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 832 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 832 4 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 832 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 833 1 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 833 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 833 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 833 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 833 5 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 833 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 834 1 Healey Healey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 834 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 834 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 834 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 834 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 834 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 834 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 834 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 3 Edessan Edessan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 4 Milieu Milieu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 7 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 9 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 835 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 836 1 Hugoye hugoye JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 836 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 836 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 836 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 836 5 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 836 6 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 836 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 837 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 837 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 837 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 837 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 837 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 837 6 115–127 115–127 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 837 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 838 1 Healey Healey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 838 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 838 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 838 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 838 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 838 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 838 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 838 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 2 Variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 5 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 8 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 10 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 839 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 840 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 840 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 840 3 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 840 4 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 840 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 840 6 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 840 7 Setting Setting NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 840 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 841 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 841 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 841 3 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 841 4 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 841 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 842 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 842 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 843 1 221–229 221–229 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 843 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 844 1 Healey Healey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 844 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 844 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 844 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 844 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 844 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 844 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 844 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 845 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 845 2 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 845 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 845 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 846 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 846 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 846 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 846 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 846 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 846 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 846 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 846 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 847 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 847 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 847 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 847 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 847 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 847 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 847 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 847 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 848 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 848 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 849 1 637–652 637–652 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 849 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 850 1 Heinrichs Heinrichs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 850 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 850 3 Wolfhart Wolfhart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 850 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 850 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 850 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 851 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 851 2 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 851 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 851 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 852 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 852 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 852 3 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 852 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 852 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 852 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 853 1 Atlanta Atlanta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 853 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 853 3 Scholars Scholars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 853 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 853 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 854 1 Jastrow Jastrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 854 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 854 3 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 854 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 854 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 854 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 854 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 2 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 5 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 9 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 10 Reflections Reflections NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 12 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 13 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 855 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 856 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 856 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 856 3 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 856 4 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 856 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 856 6 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 856 7 Setting Setting NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 856 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 857 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 857 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 857 3 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 857 4 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 857 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 858 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 858 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 859 1 1–10 1–10 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 859 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 860 1 Jastrow Jastrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 860 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 860 3 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 860 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 860 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 860 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 860 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 861 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 861 2 Ṭuroyo Ṭuroyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 861 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 861 4 Mlaḥsô Mlaḥsô NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 861 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 861 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 862 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 862 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 862 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 862 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 862 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 862 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 862 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 862 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 863 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 863 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 863 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 863 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 863 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 863 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 863 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 863 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 864 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 864 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 865 1 697–707 697–707 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 865 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 866 1 Kautzsch Kautzsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 866 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 866 3 Emil Emil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 866 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 866 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 866 6 1884a 1884a CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 866 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 866 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 1 Grammatik Grammatik NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 2 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 3 Biblisch Biblisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 5 Aramäischen Aramäischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 7 Mit Mit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 8 einer einer NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 9 Kritischen Kritischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 10 Erörterung Erörterung NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 11 der der VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 12 aramäischen aramäischen RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 13 Wörter Wörter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 14 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 15 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 16 Neuen Neuen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 17 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 867 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 868 1 Leipzig Leipzig NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 868 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 868 3 Vogel Vogel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 868 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 1 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 2 Kautzsch Kautzsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 4 Emil Emil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 5 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 7 1884b 1884b CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 869 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 870 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 870 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 870 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 870 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 870 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 870 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 871 1 Hebraica Hebraica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 871 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 872 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 872 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 872 3 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 872 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 872 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 872 6 98–115 98–115 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 872 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 873 1 doi:10.1086/368803 doi:10.1086/368803 FW en-wikipedia-org-2561 873 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 874 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 874 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 874 3 527111 527111 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 874 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 875 1 Kapeliuk Kapeliuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 875 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 875 3 Olga Olga NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 875 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 875 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 875 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 875 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 3 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 6 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 8 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 876 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 877 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 877 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 877 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 877 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 877 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 877 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 877 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 877 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 878 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 878 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 878 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 878 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 878 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 878 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 878 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 878 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 879 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 879 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 880 1 738–747 738–747 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 880 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 881 1 Khan Khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 881 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 881 3 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 881 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 881 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 881 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 881 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 2 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 4 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 5 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 882 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 883 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 883 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 883 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 883 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 883 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 883 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 883 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 883 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 884 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 884 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 884 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 884 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 884 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 884 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 884 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 884 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 885 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 885 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 886 1 708–724 708–724 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 886 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 887 1 Kim Kim NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 887 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 887 3 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 887 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 887 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 887 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 887 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 888 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 888 2 Stammbaum Stammbaum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 888 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 888 4 Continuum Continuum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 888 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 2 Subgrouping Subgrouping NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 6 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 7 Reconsidered reconsider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 889 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 890 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 890 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 890 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 890 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 890 5 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 890 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 890 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 1 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 6 505 505 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 8 531 531 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 891 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 892 1 Lipiński Lipiński NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 892 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 892 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 892 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 892 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 892 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 892 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 2 Aramaeans Aramaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 4 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 8 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 10 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 893 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 894 1 Leuven Leuven VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 894 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 894 3 Peeters Peeters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 894 4 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 894 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 1 Lipiński Lipiński NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 8 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 895 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 1 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 2 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 4 Outline outline NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 7 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 8 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 10 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 12 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 896 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 897 1 Leuven Leuven VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 897 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 897 3 Peeters Peeters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 897 4 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 897 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 898 1 Mengozzi Mengozzi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 898 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 898 3 Alessandro Alessandro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 898 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 898 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 898 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 898 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 2 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 8 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 10 Recent Recent NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 11 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 899 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 900 1 Folia Folia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 900 2 Orientalia Orientalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 900 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 901 1 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 901 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 901 3 233 233 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 901 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 901 5 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 901 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 902 1 Morgenstern Morgenstern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 902 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 902 3 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 902 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 902 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 902 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 902 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 903 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 903 2 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 903 3 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 903 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 903 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 903 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 904 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 904 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 904 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 904 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 904 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 904 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 904 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 904 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 905 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 905 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 905 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 905 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 905 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 905 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 905 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 905 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 906 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 906 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 907 1 628–637 628–637 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 907 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 1 Murre Murre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 2 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 3 den den NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 4 Berg Berg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 6 Heleen Heleen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 908 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 2 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 3 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 5 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 10 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 13 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 16 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 19 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 20 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 22 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 24 1800 1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 909 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 910 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 910 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 910 3 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 910 4 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 910 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 910 6 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 910 7 Setting Setting NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 910 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 911 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 911 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 911 3 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 911 4 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 911 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 912 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 912 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 913 1 335–352 335–352 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 913 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 914 1 Naby Naby NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 914 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 914 3 Eden Eden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 914 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 914 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 914 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 914 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 2 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 3 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 4 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 6 Endangered Endangered NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 10 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 11 Aspects Aspects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 14 Preservation Preservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 16 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 18 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 915 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 3 Margins margin NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 5 Nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 7 Endangered Endangered NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 8 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 10 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 11 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 916 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 917 1 Bath bath NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 917 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 917 3 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 917 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 917 5 Endangered Endangered NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 917 6 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 917 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 918 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 918 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 919 1 197–203 197–203 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 919 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 920 1 Nöldeke Nöldeke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 920 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 920 3 Theodor Theodor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 920 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 920 5 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 920 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 920 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 2 Die die VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 3 Namen Namen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 4 der der VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 5 aramäischen aramäischen RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 6 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 7 und und VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 8 Sprache Sprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 921 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 922 1 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 922 2 der der VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 922 3 Deutschen Deutschen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 922 4 Morgenländischen Morgenländischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 922 5 Gesellschaft Gesellschaft NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 922 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 923 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 923 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 923 3 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 923 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 923 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 923 6 113–131 113–131 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 923 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 924 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 924 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 924 3 43366019 43366019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 924 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 925 1 Nöldeke Nöldeke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 925 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 925 3 Theodor Theodor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 925 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 925 5 1886 1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 925 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 925 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 926 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 926 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 926 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 926 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 926 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 927 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 927 2 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 927 3 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 927 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 928 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 928 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 928 3 9th 9th NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 928 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 928 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 928 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 928 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 928 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 929 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 929 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 929 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 929 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 929 5 Scribner Scribner NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 929 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 929 7 Sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 929 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 930 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 930 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 931 1 641–656 641–656 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 931 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 932 1 Nöldeke Nöldeke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 932 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 932 3 Theodor Theodor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 932 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 932 5 1904 1904 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 932 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 932 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 1 Compendious Compendious NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 2 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 3 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 5 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 933 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 934 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 934 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 934 3 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 934 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 934 5 Norgate Norgate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 934 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 935 1 Peursen Peursen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 935 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 935 3 Wido Wido NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 935 4 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 935 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 935 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 935 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 935 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 3 Variation Variation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 6 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 10 Textual Textual NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 11 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 14 Peshitta Peshitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 936 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 937 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 937 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 937 3 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 937 4 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 937 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 937 6 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 937 7 Setting Setting NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 937 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 938 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 938 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 938 3 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 938 4 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 938 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 939 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 939 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 940 1 231–256 231–256 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 940 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 1 Prym Prym NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 3 Eugen Eugen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 5 Socin Socin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 7 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 9 1881 1881 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 941 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 1 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 2 neu neu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 4 aramaeische aramaeische NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 5 Dialekt Dialekt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 6 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 7 Ṭûr Ṭûr NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 9 Abdîn Abdîn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 942 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 943 1 Göttingen Göttingen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 943 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 943 3 Vandenhoeck Vandenhoeck NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 943 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 943 5 Ruprecht Ruprecht NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 943 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 943 7 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 943 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 944 1 Ruzer Ruzer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 944 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 944 3 Serge Serge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 944 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 944 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 944 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 944 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 2 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 3 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 6 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 8 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 10 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 12 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 13 Opinions opinion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 15 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 16 Authors Authors NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 945 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 946 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 946 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 946 3 Environment Environment NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 946 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 946 5 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 946 6 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 946 7 Judaea Judaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 946 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 947 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 947 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 947 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 947 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 947 5 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 947 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 948 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 948 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 949 1 182–205 182–205 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 949 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 950 1 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 950 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 950 3 Suzanne Suzanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 950 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 950 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 950 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 950 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 951 1 Near near IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 951 2 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 951 3 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 951 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 951 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 951 6 Reader reader NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 951 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 952 1 EISENBRAUNS eisenbrauns RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 952 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 953 1 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 953 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 953 3 Franz Franz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 953 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 953 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 953 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 953 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 2 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 4 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 7 6th 6th NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 9 revised revise VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 954 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 955 1 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 955 2 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 955 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 955 4 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 955 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 956 1 Rubin Rubin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 956 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 956 3 Milka Milka NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 956 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 956 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 956 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 956 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 3 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 5 Creation Creation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 8 Primordial Primordial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 9 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 12 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 14 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 15 Polemics Polemics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 17 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 957 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 958 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 958 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 958 3 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 958 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 958 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 959 1 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 959 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 959 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 959 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 959 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 959 6 306–333 306–333 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 959 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 960 1 doi:10.18647/2120 doi:10.18647/2120 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 960 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 960 3 JJS-1998 JJS-1998 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 960 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 961 1 Sabar Sabar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 961 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 961 3 Yona Yona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 961 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 961 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 961 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 961 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 3 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 6 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 8 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 10 Amidya Amidya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 12 Dihok Dihok NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 14 Nerwa Nerwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 16 Zakho Zakho NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 18 Northwestern Northwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 19 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 962 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 963 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 963 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 963 3 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 963 4 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 963 5 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 963 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 2 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 5 Sawyer Sawyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 964 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 965 1 Sacred Sacred NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 965 2 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 965 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 965 4 Sacred Sacred NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 965 5 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 965 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 966 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 966 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 966 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 966 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 966 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 966 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 966 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 967 1 Shepardson Shepardson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 967 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 967 3 Christine Christine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 967 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 967 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 967 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 967 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 1 Controlling control VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 2 Contested contested JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 3 Places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 5 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 6 Antique Antique NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 7 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 10 Spatial Spatial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 11 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 13 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 14 Controversy Controversy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 968 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 969 1 Oakland Oakland NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 969 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 969 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 969 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 969 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 969 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 969 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 970 1 Sokoloff Sokoloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 970 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 970 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 970 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 970 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 970 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 970 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 5 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 9 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 10 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 971 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 972 1 Ramat ramat NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 972 2 Gan Gan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 972 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 972 4 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 972 5 Ilan Ilan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 972 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 972 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 972 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 973 1 Sokoloff Sokoloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 973 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 973 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 973 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 973 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 973 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 973 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 5 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 9 Talmudic Talmudic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 11 Geonic Geonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 12 Periods Periods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 974 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 975 1 Ramat ramat NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 975 2 Gan Gan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 975 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 975 4 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 975 5 Ilan Ilan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 975 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 975 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 975 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 976 1 Sokoloff Sokoloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 976 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 976 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 976 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 976 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 976 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 976 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 977 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 977 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 977 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 977 4 Judean Judean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 977 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 977 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 978 1 Ramat ramat NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 978 2 Gan Gan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 978 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 978 4 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 978 5 Ilan Ilan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 978 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 978 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 978 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 979 1 Sokoloff Sokoloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 979 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 979 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 979 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 979 5 2012a 2012a CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 979 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 979 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 980 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 980 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 980 3 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 980 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 980 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 980 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 981 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 981 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 981 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 981 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 981 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 981 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 981 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 981 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 982 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 982 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 982 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 982 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 982 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 982 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 982 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 982 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 983 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 983 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 984 1 610–619 610–619 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 984 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 985 1 Sokoloff Sokoloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 985 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 985 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 985 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 985 5 2012b 2012b CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 985 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 985 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 986 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 986 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 986 3 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 986 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 986 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 986 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 987 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 987 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 987 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 987 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 987 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 987 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 987 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 987 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 988 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 988 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 988 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 988 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 988 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 988 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 988 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 988 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 989 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 989 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 990 1 660–670 660–670 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 990 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 991 1 Sokoloff Sokoloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 991 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 991 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 991 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 991 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 991 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 991 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 992 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 992 2 dictionary dictionary NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 992 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 992 4 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 992 5 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 992 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 992 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 993 1 Leuven leuven NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 993 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 993 3 Peeters peeter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 993 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 994 1 Stefanovic Stefanovic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 994 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 994 3 Zdravko Zdravko NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 994 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 994 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 994 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 994 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 4 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 7 Light Light NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 9 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 995 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 996 1 Sheffield Sheffield NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 996 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 996 3 Sheffield Sheffield NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 996 4 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 996 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 996 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 997 1 Stevenson Stevenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 997 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 997 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 997 4 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 998 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 998 2 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 998 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 998 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 999 1 Grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 999 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 999 3 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 999 4 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 999 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 999 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1000 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1000 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1000 3 Clarendon Clarendon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1000 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1000 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1001 1 Tal Tal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1001 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1001 3 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1001 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1001 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1001 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1001 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1002 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 1002 2 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1002 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1002 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1002 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1003 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1003 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1003 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1003 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1003 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1003 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1003 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1003 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1004 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1004 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1004 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1004 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1004 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1004 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1004 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1004 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1005 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1005 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1006 1 619–628 619–628 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1006 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1007 1 Tezel Tezel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1007 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1007 3 Aziz Aziz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1007 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1007 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1007 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1007 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 1 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 2 Etymological Etymological NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 3 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 6 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 7 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 9 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 11 Ṭūrōyo Ṭūrōyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 13 Lexicon lexicon NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 15 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 16 Special Special NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 17 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 19 Homonyms Homonyms NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 21 Related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 22 Words Words NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 24 Borrowings Borrowings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 26 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 27 Signification Signification NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1008 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1009 1 Uppsala Uppsala NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1009 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1009 3 Uppsala Uppsala NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1009 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1009 5 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1009 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1010 1 Tezel Tezel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1010 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1010 3 Sina Sina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1010 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1010 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1010 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1010 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1011 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 1011 2 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1011 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1011 4 Ṣūrayt Ṣūrayt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1011 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1011 6 Ṭūrōyo Ṭūrōyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1011 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1011 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 1 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 3 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 4 Linguistics Linguistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 5 Contextualized contextualize VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 8 Festschrift Festschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 10 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 11 Retsö Retsö NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1012 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1013 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1013 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1013 3 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1013 4 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1013 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1014 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1014 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1015 1 554–568 554–568 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1015 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1016 1 Tezel Tezel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1016 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1016 3 Sina Sina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1016 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1016 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1016 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1016 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1017 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 1017 2 Neologisms Neologisms NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1017 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1017 4 Ṣūrayt Ṣūrayt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1017 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1017 6 Ṭūrōyo Ṭūrōyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1017 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1017 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1018 1 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1018 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1018 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1018 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1018 5 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1018 6 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1018 7 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1018 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1019 1 Piscataway Piscataway NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1019 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1019 3 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1019 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1019 5 Gorgias Gorgias NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1019 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1019 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1020 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1020 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1021 1 100–109 100–109 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1021 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 1 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1022 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 2 Bilingualism Bilingualism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 4 Diglossia Diglossia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 6 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 7 Antique Antique NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 8 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 10 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1023 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 1 Bilingualism bilingualism NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 3 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 7 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 10 Written Written NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 11 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1024 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1025 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1025 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1025 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1025 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1025 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1025 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1026 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1026 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1027 1 298–331 298–331 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1027 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1028 1 Waltisberg Waltisberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1028 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1028 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1028 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1028 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1028 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1028 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1029 1 Syntax Syntax NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1029 2 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1029 3 Ṭuroyo Ṭuroyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1029 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1030 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1030 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1030 3 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1030 4 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1030 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1031 1 Weninger Weninger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1031 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1031 3 Stefan Stefan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1031 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1031 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1031 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1031 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1032 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 1032 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1032 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1032 4 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1032 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1032 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1032 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1032 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1033 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1033 2 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1033 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1033 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1033 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1033 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1033 7 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1033 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1034 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1034 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1034 3 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1034 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1034 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1034 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1034 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1034 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1035 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1035 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1036 1 747–755 747–755 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1036 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1037 1 Yitzchak Yitzchak NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1037 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1037 3 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1037 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1037 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1037 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1037 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 1 Grammar grammar VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 3 Gemara Gemara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 5 Targum Targum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 6 Onkelos Onkelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 9 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 10 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 13 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1038 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1039 1 Feldheim Feldheim NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1039 2 Publishers Publishers NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1039 3 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1039 4 Ariel Ariel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1039 5 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1039 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1040 1 Yana Yana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1040 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1040 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1040 4 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1040 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1040 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1040 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1040 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 1 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 3 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 4 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 7 Scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 8 Analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1041 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1042 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1042 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1042 3 Xlibris Xlibris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1042 4 Corporation Corporation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1042 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1043 1 Younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 1043 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1043 3 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1043 4 Lawson Lawson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1043 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1043 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1043 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1043 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 2 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 6 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 8 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 9 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 10 Origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 13 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 15 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 16 Polities polity NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1044 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1045 1 Atlanta Atlanta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1045 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1045 3 SBL SBL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1045 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1045 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 1 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 4 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 5 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 10 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 11 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 12 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 13 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 15 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 16 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 18 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 20 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 21 Incubator Incubator NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 22 Turoyo Turoyo NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 23 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 25 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 27 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 28 Incubator Incubator NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 29 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 30 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 31 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 32 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 34 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 35 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 36 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 37 Incubator Incubator NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 38 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 39 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 40 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 41 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 42 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 44 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 45 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1046 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 4 Search search VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 6 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 7 dictionary dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 8 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1047 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 1 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 3 Audio Audio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 4 Files Files NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 6 Contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 7 audio audio JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 8 recordings recording NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 10 scripture scripture NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1048 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 1 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 2 Designs Designs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 4 Website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 5 offering offer VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 7 designs design NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 8 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 10 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 12 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1049 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 1 Lishana Lishana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 2 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 3 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 7 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 8 academy academy NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 10 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 11 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 13 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 14 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 16 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 17 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1050 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1051 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1051 2 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1051 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1051 4 Portuguese portuguese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1051 5 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1051 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 1 Preservation Preservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 3 Advancement Advancement NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 6 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 10 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 11 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 13 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 14 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 15 Younan Younan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 16 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 17 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 20 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 22 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 23 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 24 rendered render VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 25 portions portion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 27 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 28 Scripture Scripture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 29 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 31 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 33 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 35 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 36 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 38 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 39 writings writing NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 40 constitute constitute VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 41 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 42 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 43 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 44 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 45 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1052 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 2 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 3 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 4 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 6 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 11 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1053 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 3 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 4 writings writing NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 5 surpass surpass VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 7 quantity quantity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 11 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1054 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 5 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 6 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 8 Efrem Efrem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 9 Yildiz Yildiz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 11 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 13 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 14 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 15 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 16 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 17 Peshitta Peshitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 18 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 19 Repository Repository NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 21 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 22 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 23 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 24 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 25 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 26 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 27 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 30 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 31 Peshitta Peshitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 32 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1055 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 1 Comprehensive Comprehensive NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 2 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 3 Lexicon Lexicon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 5 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 6 editions edition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 8 Targums Targums NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 12 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 13 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 14 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 16 Cincinnati Cincinnati NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 17 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 19 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 21 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 23 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 24 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 25 Website Website NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 27 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 28 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 30 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 31 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 33 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 34 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 37 Sebastian Sebastian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 38 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1056 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 1 Reproduced reproduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 4 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 7 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 8 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 9 Eaton Eaton NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 12 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 14 Horizons Horizons NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 16 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 17 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 19 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 22 Student Student NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 24 Semitics Semitics NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 25 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 26 Aids Aids NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 27 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 29 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 31 Dept Dept NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1057 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 1 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 2 Theology Theology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 6 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 8 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1058 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1059 1 1–33 1–33 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1059 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 1 Omniglot Omniglot NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 2 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 3 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 5 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 7 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 8 outline outline NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 9 Learn Learn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 10 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 13 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 14 beginner beginner NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 15 Eden Eden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 16 Naby Naby NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 18 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 21 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 22 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 23 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 25 Endangered Endangered NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 26 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 29 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 30 Aspects Aspects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 33 Preservation Preservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 35 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 37 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 38 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 39 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 40 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 41 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 42 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 43 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 44 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 45 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 46 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 48 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 49 Bohtan Bohtan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 50 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 52 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 53 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 54 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 56 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 57 Hértevin Hértevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 58 Koy Koy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 59 Sanjaq Sanjaq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 60 Surat Surat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 61 Mlahsô Mlahsô NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 62 Senaya Senaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 63 Turoyo Turoyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 64 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 65 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 66 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 67 Lishanid Lishanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 68 Noshan Noshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 69 Barzani Barzani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 70 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 71 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 73 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 74 Hulaulá Hulaulá NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 75 Lishana Lishana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 76 Deni Deni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 77 Lishán Lishán NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 78 Didán Didán NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 79 Betanure Betanure NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 80 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 81 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 82 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 83 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 84 Mandaean Mandaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 85 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 86 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 87 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 88 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 89 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 90 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 91 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 92 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 93 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 94 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 95 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 96 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 97 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 98 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 99 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 100 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 101 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 102 Eblaite Eblaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 103 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 104 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 105 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 106 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 107 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 108 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 109 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 110 Canaanite Canaanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 111 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 112 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 113 Mishnaic Mishnaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 114 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 115 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 116 Yemenite Yemenite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 117 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 118 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 119 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 120 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 121 Phoenician Phoenician NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 122 Punic Punic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 123 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 124 Ammonite Ammonite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 125 Moabite Moabite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 126 Edomite Edomite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 127 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 128 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 129 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 130 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 131 Samaritan samaritan JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 132 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 133 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 134 Nabataean Nabataean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 135 Palmyrene Palmyrene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 136 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 137 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 138 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 139 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 140 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 141 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 142 Hatran Hatran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 143 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 144 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 145 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 146 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 147 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 148 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 149 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 150 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 151 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 152 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 153 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 154 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 155 Senaya Senaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 156 Koy Koy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 157 Sanjaq Sanjaq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 158 Surat Surat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 159 Hértevin Hértevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 160 Turoyo Turoyo NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 161 Mlahsô Mlahsô NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 162 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 163 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 164 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 165 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 166 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 167 Malayalam Malayalam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 168 Others Others NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 169 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 170 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 171 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 172 Dadanitic dadanitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 173 Taymanitic Taymanitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 174 Amorite Amorite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 175 Ugaritic Ugaritic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 176 Eteocypriot Eteocypriot NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 177 Himyaritic Himyaritic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 178 Sutean Sutean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 179 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 180 Literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 181 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 182 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 183 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 184 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 185 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 186 Mashriqi Mashriqi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 187 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 188 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 189 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 190 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 191 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 192 Dhofari Dhofari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 193 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 194 Bahrani Bahrani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 195 Kuwaiti Kuwaiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 196 Shihhi Shihhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 197 Hejazi Hejazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 198 Najdi Najdi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 199 Omani Omani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 200 Yemeni yemeni JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 201 Judeo judeo NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 202 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 203 Yemeni yemeni JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 204 Bedouin Bedouin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 205 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 206 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 207 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 208 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 209 Bedawi Bedawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 210 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 211 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 212 Sa'idi sa'idi NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 213 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 214 Levantine Levantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 215 Cypriot Cypriot NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 216 Lebanese lebanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 217 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 218 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 219 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 220 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 221 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 222 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 223 Iraqi iraqi JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 224 Sudanese sudanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 225 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 226 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 227 Tajiki Tajiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 228 Uzbeki Uzbeki NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 229 Shirvani Shirvani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 230 Maghrebi Maghrebi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 231 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 232 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 233 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 234 Algerian Algerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 235 Saharan Saharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 236 Shuwa Shuwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 237 Hassānīya Hassānīya NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 238 Andalusian Andalusian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 239 Libyan libyan JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 240 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 241 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 242 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 243 Tripolitanian tripolitanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 244 Sicilian sicilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 245 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 246 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 247 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 248 Judeo judeo NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 249 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 250 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 251 Tunisian tunisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 252 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 253 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 254 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 255 Tunisian tunisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 256 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 257 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 258 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 259 Nabataean nabataean JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 260 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 261 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 262 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 263 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 264 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 265 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 266 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 267 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 268 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 269 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 270 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 271 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 272 Razihi Razihi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 273 Faifi Faifi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 274 Sabaean Sabaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 275 Minaean Minaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 276 Qatabanian Qatabanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 277 Awsānian Awsānian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 278 Hadramautic Hadramautic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 279 Ethiopic Ethiopic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 280 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 281 Ge'ez Ge'ez NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 282 Tigrinya Tigrinya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 283 Tigre Tigre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 284 Dahalik Dahalik NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 285 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 286 Amharic Amharic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 287 Argobba Argobba NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 288 Harari Harari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 289 Silt'e Silt'e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 290 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 291 Wolane Wolane NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 292 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 293 Ulbareg Ulbareg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 294 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 295 Inneqor Inneqor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 296 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 297 Zay Zay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 298 Outer Outer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 299 n n JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 300 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 301 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 302 Gafat Gafat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 303 Soddo Soddo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 304 tt tt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 305 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 306 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 307 Mesmes Mesmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 308 Muher Muher NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 309 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 310 Gurage Gurage NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 311 Mesqan Mesqan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 312 Ezha Ezha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 313 Chaha Chaha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 314 Gura Gura NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 315 Gumer Gumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 316 Gyeto Gyeto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 317 Ennemor Ennemor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 318 Endegen Endegen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 319 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 320 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 321 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 322 Bathari Bathari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 323 Harsusi Harsusi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 324 Hobyot Hobyot NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 325 Mehri Mehri NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 326 Shehri Shehri NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 327 Soqotri Soqotri NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 328 Italics Italics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 329 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 330 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 331 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 332 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 333 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 334 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 335 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1060 336 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 4 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 5 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 6 Ethno ethno NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 8 linguistic linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 9 group(s group(s NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 11 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 14 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 15 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 17 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 18 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 19 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 21 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 25 Syriacs Syriacs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 27 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 30 Chaldeans Chaldeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 31 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 32 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 33 continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 34 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 35 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 36 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 37 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 38 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 39 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 40 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 41 Catholics Catholics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 42 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 43 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 44 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 45 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 46 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 47 flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 48 Aramean Aramean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 50 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 51 flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 52 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 53 flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 54 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 55 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 56 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 57 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 58 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 59 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 60 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 61 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 63 518 518 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 64 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 66 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 67 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 68 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 70 1662 1662 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 71 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 73 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 74 Evangelical Evangelical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 75 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 77 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 78 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 80 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 81 Pentecostal Pentecostal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 82 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 83 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 84 1940 1940 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 85 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 86 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 87 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 88 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 89 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 90 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 91 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 92 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 93 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 94 1552 1552 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 95 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 96 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 97 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 98 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 99 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 101 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 102 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 103 1692 1692 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 104 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 105 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 106 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 107 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 108 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 109 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 110 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 111 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 112 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 113 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 114 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 115 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 116 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 117 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 118 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 119 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 120 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 121 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 122 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 123 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 124 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 125 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 126 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 127 Turoyo Turoyo NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 128 Bohtan Bohtan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 129 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 130 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 131 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 132 Hértevin Hértevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 133 Senaya Senaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 134 Mlahsô Mlahsô NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 135 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 136 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 137 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 138 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 139 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 140 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 141 pop pop NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 142 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 143 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 144 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 145 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 146 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 147 sacral sacral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 148 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 149 Folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 150 dance dance NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 151 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 152 Clothing Clothing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 153 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 154 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 155 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 156 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 157 contexts contexts NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 158 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 159 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 160 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 161 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 162 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 163 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 164 2600–2025 2600–2025 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 165 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 166 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 167 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 168 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 169 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 170 2025–1378 2025–1378 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 171 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 172 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 173 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 174 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 175 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 176 1392–934 1392–934 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 177 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 178 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 179 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 180 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 181 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 182 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 183 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 184 911–609 911–609 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 185 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 186 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 187 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 188 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 189 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 190 539–330 539–330 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 191 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 192 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 193 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 194 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 195 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 196 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 197 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 198 tribes tribe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 199 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 200 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 201 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 202 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 203 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 204 312–63 312–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 205 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 206 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 207 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 208 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 209 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 210 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 211 BCE–224 BCE–224 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 212 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 213 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 214 Osroene Osroene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 215 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 216 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 217 BCE–244 BCE–244 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 218 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 219 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 220 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 221 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 222 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 223 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 224 BCE–217 BCE–217 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 225 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 226 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 227 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 228 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 229 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 230 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 231 BCE–637 BCE–637 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 232 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 233 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 234 Adiabene Adiabene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 235 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 236 15–116 15–116 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 237 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 238 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 239 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 240 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 241 116–118 116–118 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 242 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 243 Christianization Christianization NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 244 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 245 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 246 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 247 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 248 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 249 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 250 Nestorian Nestorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 251 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 252 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 253 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 254 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 255 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 256 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 257 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 258 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 259 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 260 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 261 410 410 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 262 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 263 1552 1552 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 264 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 265 Asoristan Asoristan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 266 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 267 226–651 226–651 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 268 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 269 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 270 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 271 Sasanian sasanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 272 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 273 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 274 502–628 502–628 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 275 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 276 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 277 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 278 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 279 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 280 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 281 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 282 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 283 630s 630s LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 284 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 285 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 286 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 287 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 288 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 289 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 290 630s 630s LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 291 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 292 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 293 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 294 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 295 750–1258 750–1258 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 296 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 297 Emirs Emirs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 298 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 299 Mosul Mosul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 300 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 301 905–1383 905–1383 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 302 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 303 Buyid Buyid NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 304 amirate amirate VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 305 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 306 945–1055 945–1055 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 307 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 308 Principality Principality NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 309 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 310 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 311 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 312 1098–1268 1098–1268 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 313 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 314 Ilkhanate ilkhanate NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 315 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 316 1258–1335 1258–1335 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 317 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 318 Jalairid Jalairid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 319 Sultanate Sultanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 320 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 321 1335–1432 1335–1432 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 322 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 323 Kara Kara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 324 Koyunlu Koyunlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 325 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 326 1375–1468 1375–1468 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 327 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 328 Aq Aq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 329 Qoyunlu Qoyunlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 330 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 331 1453–1501 1453–1501 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 332 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 333 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 334 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 335 Safavid Safavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 336 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 337 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 338 1508–55 1508–55 LS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 339 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 340 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 341 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 342 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 343 1555–1917 1555–1917 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 344 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 345 Schism schism NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 346 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 347 1552 1552 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 348 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 349 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 350 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 351 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 352 Massacres Massacres NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 353 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 354 Badr Badr NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 355 Khan Khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 356 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 357 1840s 1840s CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 358 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 359 Massacres Massacres NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 360 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 361 Diyarbakir Diyarbakir NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 362 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 363 1895 1895 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 364 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 365 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 366 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 367 nationalism nationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 368 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 369 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 370 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 371 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 372 Adana Adana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 373 massacre massacre NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 374 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 375 1909 1909 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 376 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 377 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 378 genocide genocide NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 379 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 380 1914–20 1914–20 JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 381 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 382 Independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 383 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 384 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 385 1919 1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 386 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 387 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 388 Simele Simele NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 389 massacre massacre NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 390 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 391 1933 1933 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 392 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 393 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 394 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 395 Saddam Saddam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 396 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 397 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 398 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 399 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 400 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 401 Persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 402 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 403 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 404 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 405 ISIL ISIL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 406 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 407 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 408 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 409 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 410 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 411 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 412 Homeland Homeland NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 413 Settlements Settlements NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 414 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 415 Nineveh Nineveh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 416 Plains Plains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 417 Bakhdida Bakhdida NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 418 Alqosh Alqosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 419 Tel Tel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 420 Keppe Keppe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 421 Bartella Bartella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 422 Ankawa Ankawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 423 Shaqlawa Shaqlawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 424 Zakho Zakho NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 425 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 426 Urmia Urmia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 427 Salmas Salmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 428 Sanandaj Sanandaj NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 429 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 430 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 431 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 432 Hasakah Hasakah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 433 Governorate Governorate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 434 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 435 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 436 Hasakah Hasakah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 437 Tell Tell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 438 Tamer Tamer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 439 Qamishli Qamishli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 440 Khabur Khabur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 441 Maaloula Maaloula NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 442 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 443 Hakkari Hakkari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 444 Mardin Mardin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 445 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 446 Mardin Mardin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 447 Mazıdağı Mazıdağı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 448 Tur Tur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 449 Abdin Abdin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 450 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 451 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 452 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 453 Belgium Belgium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 454 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 455 Finland Finland NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 456 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 457 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 458 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 459 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 460 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 461 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 462 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 463 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 464 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 465 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 466 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 467 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 468 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 469 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 470 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 471 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 472 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 473 Detroit Detroit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 474 Uruguay Uruguay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 475 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 476 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 477 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 478 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 479 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 480 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 481 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 482 Aramean Aramean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 483 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 484 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 485 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 486 Universal Universal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 487 Alliance Alliance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 488 Dawronoye Dawronoye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 489 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 490 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 491 Party Party NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 492 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 493 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 494 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 495 Sutoro Sutoro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 496   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 497 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 498 portal portal VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 499   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 500 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 501 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 502 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 503 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 504 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 505 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 506 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 507 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 508 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 509 Euphrates Euphrates NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 510 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 511 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 512 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 513 Marshes marshe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 514 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 515 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 516 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 517 Desert Desert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 518 Taurus Taurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 519 Mountains Mountains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 520 Tigris Tigris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 521 Zagros Zagros NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 522 Mountains Mountains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 523 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 524 Akkad Akkad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 525 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 526 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 527 Chaldea Chaldea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 528 Elam Elam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 529 Hittites Hittites NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 530 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 531 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 532 Sumer Sumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 533 Urartu Urartu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 534 Cities Cities NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 535 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 536 Pre- Pre- NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 537 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 538 Protohistory Protohistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 539 Acheulean Acheulean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 540 Mousterian Mousterian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 541 Trialetian trialetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 542 Zarzian zarzian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 543 Natufian Natufian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 544 Nemrikian Nemrikian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 545 Khiamian Khiamian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 546 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 547 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 548 Pottery Pottery NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 549 Neolithic neolithic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 550 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 551 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 552 PPNA PPNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 553 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 554 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 555 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 556 Pottery pottery JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 557 Neolithic neolithic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 558 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 559 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 560 PPNB PPNB NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 561 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 562 Hassuna Hassuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 563 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 564 Samarra Samarra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 565 Halaf Halaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 566 Ubaid Ubaid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 567 Uruk Uruk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 568 Jemdet Jemdet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 569 Nasr Nasr NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 570 Kish kish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 571 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 572 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 573 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 574 Dynastic dynastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 575 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 576 Gutians Gutians NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 577 Simurrum Simurrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 578 Ur Ur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 579 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 580 Isin Isin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 581 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 582 Larsa Larsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 583 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 584 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 585 Kassite Kassite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 586 Middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 587 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 588 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 589 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 590 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 591 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 592 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 593 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 594 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 595 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 596 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 597 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 598 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 599 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 600 conquest conquest VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 601 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 602 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 603 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 604 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 605 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 606 Hakkari Hakkari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 607 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 608 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 609 Amorite Amorite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 610 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 611 Eblaite Eblaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 612 Elamite Elamite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 613 Gutian Gutian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 614 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 615 Hurrian Hurrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 616 Luwian Luwian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 617 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 618 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 619 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 620 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 621 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 622 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 623 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 624 Armenian armenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 625 Sumerian Sumerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 626 Urartian Urartian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 627 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 628 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 629 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 630 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 631 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 632 Cuneiform cuneiform NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 633 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 634 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 635 Sumerian sumerian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 636 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 637 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 638 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 639 Indus Indus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 640 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 641 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 642 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 643 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 644 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 645 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 646 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 647 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 648 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 649 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 650 Looting Looting NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 651 Destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 652 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 653 ISIL ISIL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 654 Tell Tell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 655 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 656 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 657 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 658 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 659 cb11945295z cb11945295z NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 660 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 661 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 662 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 663 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 664 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 665 4085880 4085880 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 666 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 667 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 668 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 669 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 670 sh85006404 sh85006404 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 671 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 672 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 673 00560313 00560313 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 674 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 675 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 676 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 677 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aramaic&oldid=1002000126 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=aramaic&oldid=1002000126 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 678 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 679 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 680 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 681 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 682 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 683 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 684 attested attest VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 685 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 686 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 687 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 688 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 689 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 690 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 691 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 692 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 693 Pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 694 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 695 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 696 EasyTimeline EasyTimeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 697 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 698 Harv Harv NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 699 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 700 Sfn Sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 701 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 702 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 703 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 704 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 705 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 706 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 707 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 708 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 709 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 710 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 711 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 712 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 713 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 714 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 715 periodical periodical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 716 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 717 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 718 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 719 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 720 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 721 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 722 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 723 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 724 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 725 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 726 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 727 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 728 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 729 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 730 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 731 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 732 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 733 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 734 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 735 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 736 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 737 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 738 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 739 ca ca NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1061 740 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 1 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 3 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 4 CE)-language ce)-language CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 5 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 6 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 7 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 8 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 11 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 12 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 13 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 14 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 17 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 19 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 20 BCE)-language bce)-language NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 21 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 22 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 23 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 24 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 25 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 28 1453)-language 1453)-language VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 29 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 30 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 31 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 33 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 34 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 35 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 37 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 38 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 40 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 41 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 42 Articles Articles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 43 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 44 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 45 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 46 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 47 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 48 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 49 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 50 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 51 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 52 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 53 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 54 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 55 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 56 hAudio hAudio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 57 microformats microformat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 58 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 59 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 60 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 61 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 62 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 63 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 64 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 65 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 66 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 67 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 68 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 69 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 70 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 71 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 72 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 73 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 74 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 75 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 76 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 77 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 78 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 79 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 80 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 81 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 82 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 83 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 84 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 85 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 86 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 87 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 88 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 89 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 90 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 91 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 92 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 93 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 94 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 95 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 96 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 97 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 98 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 99 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 100 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 101 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 102 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 103 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 104 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 105 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 106 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 107 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 108 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 109 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 110 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 111 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 112 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 113 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 114 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 115 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 116 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 117 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 118 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 119 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 120 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 121 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 122 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 123 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 124 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 125 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 126 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 127 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 128 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 129 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 130 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 131 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 132 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 133 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 134 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 135 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 136 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 137 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 138 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 139 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 140 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 141 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 142 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 143 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 144 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 145 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 146 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 147 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 148 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 149 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 150 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 151 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 152 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 153 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 154 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 155 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 156 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 157 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 158 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 159 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 160 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 161 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 162 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 163 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 164 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 165 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 166 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 167 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 168 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 169 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 170 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 171 Wikibooks Wikibooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 172 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 173 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 174 አማርኛ አማርኛ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 175 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 176 Aragonés aragonés JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 177 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 178 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 179 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 180 تۆرکجه تۆرکجه NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 181 বাংলা বাংলা NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 182 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 183 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 184 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 185 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 186 Bikol Bikol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 187 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 188 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 189 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 190 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 191 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 192 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 193 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 194 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 195 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 196 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 197 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 198 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 199 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 200 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 201 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 202 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 203 Føroyskt Føroyskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 204 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 205 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 206 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 207 Gaelg Gaelg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 208 Gàidhlig Gàidhlig NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 209 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 210 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 211 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 212 हिन्दी हिन्दी VBD en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 213 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 214 Ilokano Ilokano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 215 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 216 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 217 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 218 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 219 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 220 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 221 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1062 222 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1065 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2561 1065 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2561 1065 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1065 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1065 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-2561 1065 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1065 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2561 1066 13 statement statement NN