id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 1 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 4 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 17 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 18 iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 19 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 20 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 21 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 23 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 25 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 26 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 27 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 1 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 3 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 6 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 8 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 2 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 2 Medians Medians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 4 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 5 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 7 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 3 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 5 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 7 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 8 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 11 corresponding correspond VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 12 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 14 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 4 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 5 Click click VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 7 show show NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 10 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 11 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 12 instructions instruction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 5 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 1 View view VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 3 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 5 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 6 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 9 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 6 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 1 Machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 2 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 3 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 4 DeepL DeepL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 6 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 7 Translate Translate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 10 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 11 starting starting NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 12 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 14 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 17 translators translator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 18 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 19 revise revise VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 20 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 22 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 24 confirm confirm VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 27 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 29 accurate accurate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 31 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 32 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 33 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 34 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 36 pasting paste VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 37 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 39 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 40 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 41 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 43 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 44 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 7 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 1 Do do VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 2 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 3 translate translate VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 4 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 6 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 7 unreliable unreliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 9 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 11 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 8 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 2 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 4 verify verify VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 6 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 8 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 9 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 12 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 15 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 9 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 1 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 2 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 3 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 4 copyright copyright NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 5 attribution attribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 8 edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 9 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 10 accompanying accompany VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 11 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 12 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 14 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 16 interlanguage interlanguage NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 17 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 20 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 22 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 23 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 10 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 2 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 3 attribution attribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 4 edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 5 summary summary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 6 Content Content NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 9 edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 11 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 14 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 15 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 16 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 17 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 22 fr fr IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 24 Mèdes Mèdes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 28 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 30 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 32 attribution attribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 11 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 1 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 2 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 4 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 6 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 7 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 8 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 9 Translated|fr|Mèdes translated|fr|mèdes NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 10 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 11 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 14 talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 15 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 12 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 2 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 3 guidance guidance NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 8 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 13 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 1 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 2 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 3 Mādai Mādai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 4 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 5 678 678 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 8 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 14 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 1 549 549 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 2 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 4 map map NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 7 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 11 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 12 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 14 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 19 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 21 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 22 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 23 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 24 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 26 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 27 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 28 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 29 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 30 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 31 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 33 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 35 Mithraism Mithraism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 37 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 38 Zoroastrianism zoroastrianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 40 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 41     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 42 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 43 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 44 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 45 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 46 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 48 Established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 49 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 50 678 678 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 51 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 52 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 53   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 54 Conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 55 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 56 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 58 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 59 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 60 549 549 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 61 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 62 Area Area NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 63 585 585 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 64 BC[1][2 BC[1][2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 65 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 66 2,800,000 2,800,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 67   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 68 km2 km2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 70 1,100,000 1,100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 71   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 72 sq sq XX en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 73   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 74 mi mi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 76 Preceded precede VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 77 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 78 Succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 79 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 80 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 81 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 82 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 83 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 84 Urartu Urartu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 85 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 86 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 87 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 89 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 90 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 91 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 92 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 93 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 95 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 96 Mythological Mythological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 97 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 98 Pishdadian pishdadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 99 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 100 Kayanian Kayanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 101 dynasty dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 102 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 103 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 104 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 105 Prehistory Prehistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 106 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 107 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 108 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 109 Times–4000 times–4000 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 110 Kura Kura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 111 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 112 Araxes araxes NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 113 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 114 3400–2000 3400–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 115 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 116 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 117 Elamite Elamite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 118 3200–2700 3200–2700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 119 Jiroft Jiroft NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 120 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 121 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 122 3100 3100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 123 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 124 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 125 2200 2200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 126 Elam Elam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 127 2700–539 2700–539 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 128 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 129 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 130 2400–2150 2400–2150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 131 Lullubi Lullubi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 132 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 133 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 134 2300 2300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 135 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 136 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 137 Kassites Kassites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 138 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 139 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 140 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 141 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 142 1155 1155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 143 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 144 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 145 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 146 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 147 911–609 911–609 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 148 Urartu Urartu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 149 860–590 860–590 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 150 Mannaeans Mannaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 151 850–616 850–616 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 152 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 153 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 154 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 155 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 156 678–550 678–550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 157 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 158 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 159 Scythian Scythian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 160 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 161 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 162 652–625 652–625 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 163 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 164 Anshanite Anshanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 165 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 166 635 635 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 167 BC–550 BC–550 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 168 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 169 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 170 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 171 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 172 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 173 626 626 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 174 BC–539 BC–539 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 175 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 176 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 177 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 178 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 179 BC–330 BC–330 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 180 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 181 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 182 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 183 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 184 331 331 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 185 BC–428 BC–428 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 186 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 187 Atropatene Atropatene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 188 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 189     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 190 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 191 BC–226 BC–226 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 192 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 193 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 194 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 195 Cappadocia Cappadocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 196 320s 320s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 197 BC–17 BC–17 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 198 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 199 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 200 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 201 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 202 BC–63 BC–63 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 203 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 204 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 205 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 206 Pontus Pontus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 207 281 281 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 208 BC–62 BC–62 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 209 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 210 Fratarakas Fratarakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 211 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 212 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 213 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 214 BC–132 BC–132 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 215 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 216 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 217 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 218 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 219 BC–224 bc–224 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 220 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 221 Elymais Elymais NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 222 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 223 BC–224 bc–224 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 224 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 225 Characene characene NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 226 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 227 BC–222 bc–222 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 228 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 229 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 230 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 231 Persis persis NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 232 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 233 BC–224 bc–224 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 234 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 235 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 236 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 237 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 238 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 239 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 240 AD–224/5 ad–224/5 DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 241 Paratarajas Paratarajas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 242 125–300 125–300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 243 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 244 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 245 224–651 224–651 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 246 Zarmihrids Zarmihrids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 247 6th 6th NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 248 century–785 century–785 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 249 Qarinvandids Qarinvandids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 250 550s–11th 550s–11th CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 251 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 252 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 253 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 254 Rashidun Rashidun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 255 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 256 632 632 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 257 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 258 661 661 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 259 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 260 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 261 661–750 661–750 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 262 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 263 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 264 750–1258 750–1258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 265 Dabuyids Dabuyids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 266 642–760 642–760 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 267 Bavandids bavandids NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 268 651–1349 651–1349 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 269 Masmughans Masmughans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 270 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 271 Damavand Damavand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 272 651–760 651–760 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 273 Baduspanids Baduspanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 274 665–1598 665–1598 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 275 Justanids Justanids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 276 791 791 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 277 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 278 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 279 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 280 Alid Alid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 281 dynasties dynastie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 282 864 864 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 283 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 284 14th 14th CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 285 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 286 Tahirid Tahirid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 287 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 288 821–873 821–873 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 289 Samanid Samanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 290 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 291 819–999 819–999 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 292 Saffarid Saffarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 293 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 294 861–1003 861–1003 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 295 Ghurid Ghurid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 296 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 297 pre-879 pre-879 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 298 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 299 1215 1215 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 300 Sajid Sajid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 301 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 302 889–929 889–929 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 303 Sallarid Sallarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 304 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 305 919–1062 919–1062 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 306 Ziyarid Ziyarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 307 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 308 930–1090 930–1090 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 309 Ilyasids Ilyasids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 310 932–968 932–968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 311 Buyid Buyid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 312 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 313 934–1062 934–1062 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 314 Ghaznavid Ghaznavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 315 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 316 977–1186 977–1186 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 317 Kakuyids Kakuyids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 318 1008–1141 1008–1141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 319 Nasrid Nasrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 320 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 321 1029–1236 1029–1236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 322 Shabankara Shabankara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 323 1030–1355 1030–1355 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 324 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 325 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 326 1037–1194 1037–1194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 327 Khwarazmian khwarazmian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 328 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 329 1077–1231 1077–1231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 330 Eldiguzids Eldiguzids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 331 1135–1225 1135–1225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 332 Atabegs Atabegs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 333 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 334 Yazd Yazd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 335 1141–1319 1141–1319 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 336 Salghurids Salghurids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 337 1148–1282 1148–1282 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 338 Hazaraspids Hazaraspids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 339 1155–1424 1155–1424 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 340 Pishkinid Pishkinid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 341 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 342 1155–1231 1155–1231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 343 Khorshidi Khorshidi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 344 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 345 1184 1184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 346 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 347 1597 1597 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 348 Qutlugh Qutlugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 349 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 350 Khanids Khanids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 351 1223 1223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 352 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 353 1306 1306 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 354 Mihrabanids Mihrabanids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 355 1236–1537 1236–1537 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 356 Kurt Kurt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 357 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 358 1244–1396 1244–1396 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 359 Ilkhanate Ilkhanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 360 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 361 1256–1335 1256–1335 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 362 Chobanid Chobanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 363 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 364 1335–1357 1335–1357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 365 Muzaffarid Muzaffarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 366 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 367 1335–1393 1335–1393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 368 Jalayirid Jalayirid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 369 Sultanate Sultanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 370 1337–1376 1337–1376 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 371 Sarbadars Sarbadars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 372 1337–1376 1337–1376 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 373 Injuids Injuids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 374 1335–1357 1335–1357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 375 Afrasiyab Afrasiyab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 376 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 377 1349–1504 1349–1504 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 378 Mar'ashis Mar'ashis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 379 1359–1596 1359–1596 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 380 Timurid Timurid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 381 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 382 1370–1507 1370–1507 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 383 Kar Kar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 384 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 385 Kiya Kiya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 386 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 387 1370s–1592 1370s–1592 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 388 Kara Kara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 389 Koyunlu Koyunlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 390 1406–1468 1406–1468 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 391 Aq Aq NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 392 Qoyunlu Qoyunlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 393 1468–1508 1468–1508 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 394 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 395 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 396 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 397 Safavid Safavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 398 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 399 1501–1736 1501–1736 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 400 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 401 Hotak Hotak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 402 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 403 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 404 1722–1729 1722–1729 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 405 Afsharid Afsharid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 406 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 407 1736–1796 1736–1796 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 408 Talysh Talysh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 409 Khanate Khanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 410 1747–1826 1747–1826 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 411 Zand Zand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 412 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 413 1751–1794 1751–1794 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 414 Qajar Qajar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 415 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 416 1789–1925 1789–1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 417 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 418 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 419 Pahlavi Pahlavi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 420 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 421 1925–1979 1925–1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 422 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 423 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 424 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 425 Interim Interim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 426 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 427 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 428 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 429 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 430 1979–present 1979–present CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 431 Related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 432 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 433 Name name VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 434 Monarchs Monarchs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 435 Heads head NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 436 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 437 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 438 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 439 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 440 Military military NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 441 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 442 Wars Wars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 443 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 444   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 445 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 446 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 447 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 448 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 449 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 450 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 451 Apadana Apadana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 452 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 453 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 454 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 455 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 456 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 457 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 458 bas bas NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 459 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 460 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 461 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 462 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 463 Mede Mede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 464 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 465 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 466 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 467 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 468 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 469 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 470 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 471 Persepolis Persepolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 472 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 473 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 474 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 475 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 476 /ˈmiːdz/[N /ˈmiːdz/[N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 477 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 478 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 479 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 480 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 481 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 482 Māda- Māda- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 483 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 484 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 485 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 486 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 487 Μῆδοι Μῆδοι NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 488 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 489 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 490 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 491 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 492 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 493 people[N people[n CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 494 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 495 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 496 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 497 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 498 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 499 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 500 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 501 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 502 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 503 inhabited inhabit VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 504 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 505 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 506 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 507 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 508 Media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 509 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 510 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 511 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 512 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 513 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 15 514 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 1 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 3 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 5 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 8 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 10 mountainous mountainous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 11 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 13 northwestern northwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 14 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 17 northeastern northeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 19 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 20 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 22 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 23 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 26 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 28 Hamadan Hamadan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 30 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 16 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 2 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 4 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 6 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 9 occurred occur VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 12 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 14 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 17 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 3 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 5 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 7 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 9 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 10 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 14 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 17 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 18 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 22 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 23 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 24 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 25 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 26 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 18 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 5 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 7 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 8 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 10 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 12 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 13 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 16 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 19 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 20 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 21 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 24 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 25 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 26 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 27 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 28 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 29 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 31 reconstruct reconstruct VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 32 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 33 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 35 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 37 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 38 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 40 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 41 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 42 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 45 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 47 Babylonians Babylonians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 49 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 51 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 52 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 55 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 56 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 57 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 58 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 60 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 61 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 62 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 63 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 64 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 65 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 66 occupied occupy VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 67 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 68 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 19 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 2 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 3 relating relate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 6 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 7 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 9 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 11 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 13 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 16 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 20 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 21 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 22 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 24 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 27 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 30 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 32 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 34 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 35 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 37 550s 550s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 38 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 40 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 42 determining determine VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 43 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 46 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 49 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 50 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 52 competed compete VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 53 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 55 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 56 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 58 Lydia Lydia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 60 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 20 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 4 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 5 reassessment reassessment NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 7 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 8 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 11 Mede Mede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 14 altered alter VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 15 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 16 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 17 perceptions perception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 20 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 21 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 21 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 2 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 3 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 4 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 6 perceive perceive VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 9 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 12 leaves leave VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 14 doubts doubt NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 15 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 19 specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 20 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 21 suggesting suggest VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 24 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 27 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 28 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 29 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 22 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 2 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 6 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 10 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 13 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 14 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 15 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 16 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 17 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 19 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 22 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 25 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 26 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 28 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 29 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 31 prized prize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 34 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 35 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 36 successively successively RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 37 dominated dominate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 38 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 40 Achaemenids Achaemenids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 42 Seleucids Seleucids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 44 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 46 Sasanids Sasanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 23 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 3 Tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 5 Etymology etymology NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 7 Mythology Mythology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 9 Archaeology archaeology NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 10 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 11 Geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 12 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 13 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 14 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 15 Prehistory prehistory NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 16 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 17 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 19 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 20 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 21 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 22 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 23 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 24 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 26 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 27 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 28 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 29 7.2 7.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 30 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 31 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 32 Kurds Kurds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 34 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 35 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 36 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 37 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 38 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 39 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 40 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 41 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 42 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 43 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 44 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 45 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 46 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 47 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 48 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 49 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 50 Tribes[edit Tribes[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 52 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 53 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 55 Histories Histories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 57 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 59 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 60 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 61 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 62 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 63 tribes:[6 tribes:[6 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 64 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 65 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 66 Deioces Deioces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 67 collected collect VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 69 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 70 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 72 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 75 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 76 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 77 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 78 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 24 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 1 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 5 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 9 consist consist VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 12 Busae Busae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 15 Paretaceni Paretaceni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 18 Struchates Struchates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 21 Arizanti Arizanti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 24 Budii Budii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 28 Magi Magi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 25 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 2 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 3 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 4 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 5 resided reside VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 7 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 8 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 11 triangular triangular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 12 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 14 Rhagae Rhagae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 16 Aspadana Aspadana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 18 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 26 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 5 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 7 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 8 Iran,[8 Iran,[8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 10 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 13 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 15 Tehran Tehran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 17 Isfahan Isfahan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 19 Hamadan Hamadan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 21 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 27 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 3 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 4 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 7 Magi Magi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 8 resided reside VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 10 Rhagae,[9 Rhagae,[9 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 12 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 13 Tehran Tehran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 28 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 29 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 29 2 10 10 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 10 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 11 Aspadana Aspadana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 13 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 14 Isfahan,[7][12][13 Isfahan,[7][12][13 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 17 Arizanti Arizanti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 18 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 21 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 22 Kashan Kashan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 24 Isfahan Isfahan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 25 Province),[7 Province),[7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 29 Busae Busae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 30 tribe tribe NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 31 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 34 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 36 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 37 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 38 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 40 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 42 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 43 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 44 Hamadan Hamadan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 30 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 5 Struchates Struchates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 8 Budii Budii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 31 9 lived live VBD 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transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 18 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 19 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 20 geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 21 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 24 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 27 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 28 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 30 Māda- Māda- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 33 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 34 masculine masculine NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 32 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 5 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 8 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 11 precisely precisely RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 33 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 7 linguist linguist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 8 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 9 Skalmowski Skalmowski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 10 proposes propose VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 12 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 15 proto proto RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 17 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 18 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 19 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 21 med(h)- med(h)- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 24 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 26 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 28 suited suit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 31 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 35 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 38 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 39 Indic Indic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 41 madhya- madhya- JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 44 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 45 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 47 maidiia- maidiia- NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 49 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 50 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 51 carry carry VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 53 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 54 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 34 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 35 2 15 15 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 5 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 6 base base VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 7 ethnological ethnological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 8 conclusions conclusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 10 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 11 legends legend NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 14 similarity similarity NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 16 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 36 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 4 Histories Histories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 6 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 8 440 440 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 9 BC):[17 bc):[17 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 12 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 14 formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 15 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 17 everyone everyone NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 18 Arians Arians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 23 Colchian colchian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 24 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 25 Medea Medea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 26 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 28 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 31 Arians Arians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 33 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 34 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 35 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 36 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 38 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 40 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 41 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 42 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 43 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 44 Perses Perses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 46 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 48 Perseus Perseus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 50 Andromeda Andromeda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 37 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 7 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 8 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 9 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 10 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 12 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 38 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 1 Mythology[edit mythology[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 3 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 5 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 6 myth myth NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 8 Jason Jason NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 11 Argonauts Argonauts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 13 Medea Medea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 16 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 18 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 19 Aeëtes Aeëtes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 21 Colchis Colchis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 24 paternal paternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 25 granddaughter granddaughter NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 28 sun sun NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 30 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 31 Helios Helios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 39 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 5 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 6 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 7 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 9 Jason Jason NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 10 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 12 Corinth Corinth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 17 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 18 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 19 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 22 version,[20 version,[20 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 24 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 25 marries marry VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 26 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 27 Aegeus Aegeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 29 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 31 bears bear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 33 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 34 Medus Medus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 40 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 2 failing fail VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 4 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 5 Aegeus Aegeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 6 kill kill VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 8 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 9 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 10 Theseus Theseus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 12 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 14 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 15 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 16 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 18 Aria Aria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 20 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 22 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 23 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 25 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 27 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 29 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 31 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 32 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 34 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 35 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 36 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 38 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 40 Pausanias Pausanias NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 41 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 42 Description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 44 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 46 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 48 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 49 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 41 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 7 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 12 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 14 Geographica Geographica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 16 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 19 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 22 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 24 Epitoma Epitoma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 25 Historiarum Historiarum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 26 Philippicarum Philippicarum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 28 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 30 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 32 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 35 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 36 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 37 home home RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 39 conquer conquer VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 40 neighboring neighboring NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 41 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 42 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 43 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 44 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 45 Jason Jason NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 47 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 49 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 50 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 51 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 52 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 53 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 54 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 55 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 56 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 57 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 58 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 59 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 60 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 61 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 63 Bibliotheca Bibliotheca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 64 Historica Historica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 65 ( ( -LRB- 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 90 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 91 courage courage NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 93 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 94 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 95 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 96 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 97 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 98 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 42 99 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 4 Archaeology[edit archaeology[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 6 Excavation excavation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 8 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 9 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 11 Hamadan Hamadan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 13 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 15 discoveries discovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 17 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 18 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 20 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 21 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 22 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 23 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 25 1960s 1960s CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 43 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 4 Prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 7 1960s 1960 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 10 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 12 Median median JJ 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Hamadān Hamadān NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 38 Malāyer Malāyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 41 Hamadan Hamadan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 42 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 45 Kangāvar Kangāvar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 48 Kermanshah Kermanshah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 49 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 44 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 45 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 45 4 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 45 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 45 6 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 45 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 45 8 central central JJ 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46 15 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 17 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 18 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 22 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 24 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 25 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 27 km km VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 28 west west RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 30 Malāyer Malāyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 32 Hamadan Hamadan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 33 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 46 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 47 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 47 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 47 5 excavations excavation NNS 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JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 5 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 9 grey grey JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 10 ware ware NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 14 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 15 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 16 smoothed smooth VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 18 burnished burnish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 19 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 52 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 3 cooking cooking NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 4 ware ware NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 8 crumbly crumbly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 9 ware ware NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 13 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 14 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 16 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 17 handmade handmade JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 18 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 53 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 4 Godin Godin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 5 Tepe Tepe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 8 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 9 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 12 fortified fortified JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 13 palace palace NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 16 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 17 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 19 tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 20 chief chief NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 24 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 26 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 27 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 29 km km NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 30 east east RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 32 Kangāvar Kangāvar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 33 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 36 left left JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 37 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 40 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 41 Gamas Gamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 42 Āb Āb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 54 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 2 excavations excavation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 4 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 6 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 9 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 11 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 12 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 13 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 15 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 17 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 19 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 20 Stronach Stronach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 22 evidently evidently RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 23 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 25 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 26 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 27 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 28 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 31 reoccupied reoccupie VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 32 sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 33 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 35 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 38 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 39 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 40 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 55 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 2 excavations excavation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 4 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 5 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 7 remains remain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 9 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 12 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 13 residence residence NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 16 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 17 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 19 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 20 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 21 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 22 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 56 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 6 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 8 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 9 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 10 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 12 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 13 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 57 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 4 Babajan Babajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 6 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 8 seat seat NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 11 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 12 tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 13 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 15 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 58 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 2 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 4 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 6 northeastern northeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 7 Lorestan Lorestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 10 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 12 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 13 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 15 km km RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 17 Nūrābād Nūrābād NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 19 Lorestan Lorestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 20 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 59 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 2 excavations excavation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 4 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 6 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 7 Goff Goff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 9 1966–69 1966–69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 60 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 3 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 6 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 7 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 8 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 11 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 61 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 5 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 7 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 8 similarities similarity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 11 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 12 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 15 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 17 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 19 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 20 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 22 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 23 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 25 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 26 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 62 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 5 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 8 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 9 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 13 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 15 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 18 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 21 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 23 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 24 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 26 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IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 50 Chehel Chehel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 51 Sotoun Sotoun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 52 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 54 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 55 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 56 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 59 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 60 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 61 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 63 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 64 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 63 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 64 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 64 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 64 5 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 64 6 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 64 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 64 8 Tepe Tepe NNP 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archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 11 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 13 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 14 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 16 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 18 cuneiform cuneiform NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 19 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 21 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 22 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 24 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 26 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 28 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 29 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 30 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 33 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 34 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 37 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 38 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 40 Medians Medians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 65 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 4 Geography[edit Geography[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 8 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 10 Media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 13 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 66 16 9th 9th JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 12 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 15 Elamite elamite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 16 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 18 Simaški Simaški NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 20 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 22 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 23 Lorestan Lorestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 24 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 67 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 1 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 3 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 5 northwest northwest NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 7 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 9 bounded bound VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 12 Zagros Zagros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 13 Mountains Mountains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 17 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 20 Dasht Dasht NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 22 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 23 Kavir Kavir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 24 desert desert NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 68 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 2 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 4 Media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 6 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 8 the the DT 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beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 69 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 3 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 6 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 8 Harhar Harhar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 10 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 15 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 17 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 19 Mahidasht Mahidasht NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 20 District District NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 22 Kermanshah Kermanshah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 70 23 Province Province NNP 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91 9 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 91 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 3 Elam Elam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 6 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 7 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 9 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 12 suffering suffer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 16 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 17 weakness weakness NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 21 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 24 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 92 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 2 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 4 northwestern northwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 5 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 8 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 9 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 10 west west RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 11 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 13 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 14 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 16 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 18 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 21 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 22 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 23 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 26 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 27 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 29 Elam Elam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 31 Mannaea Mannaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 33 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 35 Urartu Urartu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 93 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 8 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 10 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 11 opinions opinion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 14 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 16 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 18 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 19 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 21 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 22 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 24 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 28 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 29 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 30 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 31 formations formation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 35 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 36 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 37 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 38 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 94 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 5 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 8 Herzfeld Herzfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 10 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 11 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 95 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 1 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 4 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 5 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 8 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 9 migrants migrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 13 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 16 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 18 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 19 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 20 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 23 Grantovsky Grantovsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 25 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 26 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 96 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 1 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 3 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 5 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 6 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 8 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 9 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 12 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 14 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 97 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 4 Rhyton Rhyton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 7 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 10 ram ram NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 12 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 14 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 16 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 17 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 19 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 21 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 22 7th 7th NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 25 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 27 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 29 neighboring neighbor VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 30 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 32 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 35 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 36 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 37 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 38 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 40 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 43 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 45 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 46 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 47 Protoma Protoma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 50 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 53 bull bull NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 54 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 55 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 57 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 58 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 59 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 61 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 63 filigree filigree NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 65 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 66 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 68 Warsaw Warsaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 69 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 71 fall[edit fall[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 72 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 73 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 75 10th 10th NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 76 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 78 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 79 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 80 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 81 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 83 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 84 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 85 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 86 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 87 Media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 88 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 89 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 91 domination domination NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 92 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 93 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 94 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 95 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 96 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 97 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 98 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 99 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 100 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 101 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 102 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 104 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 105 stretched stretch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 106 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 107 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 108 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 109 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 110 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 112 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 113 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 114 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 115 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 116 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 117 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 118 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 119 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 121 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 122 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 123 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 124 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 125 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 126 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 127 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 128 Arabian Arabian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 129 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 98 130 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 1 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 2 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 5 Tiglath Tiglath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 7 Pileser Pileser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 8 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 10 Sargon Sargon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 13 Sennacherib Sennacherib NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 15 Esarhaddon Esarhaddon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 17 Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 19 Ashur Ashur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 21 etil etil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 23 ilani ilani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 24 imposed impose VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 25 Vassal Vassal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 26 Treaties Treaties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 27 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 29 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 30 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 33 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 34 protected protect VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 35 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 37 predatory predatory NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 38 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 40 marauding maraud VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 41 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 43 Cimmerians Cimmerians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 99 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 6 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 8 Sinsharishkun Sinsharishkun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 10 622–612 622–612 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 15 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 16 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 25 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 26 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 27 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 28 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 29 626 626 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 30 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 32 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 34 unravel unravel VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 100 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 1 Subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 2 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 7 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 9 Babylonians Babylonians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 11 Chaldeans Chaldeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 13 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 15 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 17 Cimmerians Cimmerians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 19 Lydians Lydians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 21 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 22 quietly quietly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 23 ceased cease VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 25 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 26 tribute tribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 28 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 101 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 1 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 3 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 4 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 5 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 7 Medians Medians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 8 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 11 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 14 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 16 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 17 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 18 Cyaxares Cyaxares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 23 alliance alliance NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 25 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 26 Nabopolassar Nabopolassar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 29 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 31 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 34 attacked attack VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 36 destroyed destroy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 38 strife strife NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 40 riven riven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 41 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 43 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 44 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 45 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 46 616 616 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 48 609 609 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 49 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 102 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 5 newfound newfound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 6 alliance alliance NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 7 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 9 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 11 capture capture VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 12 Nineveh Nineveh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 14 612 612 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 18 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 21 eventual eventual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 22 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 25 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 27 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 30 609 609 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 31 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 103 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 2 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 4 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 5 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 7 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 9 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 10 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 13 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 16 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 17 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 19 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 21 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 22 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 24 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 25 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 27 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 28 stretching stretch VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 29 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 31 northeastern northeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 32 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 35 Kızılırmak Kızılırmak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 36 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 38 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 104 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 3 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 5 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 7 616 616 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 10 609 609 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 14 unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 15 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 16 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 18 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 21 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 23 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 25 Lydia Lydia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 28 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 29 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 30 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 31 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 34 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 35 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 36 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 39 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 40 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 41 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 105 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 1 Cyaxares cyaxare NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 3 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 6 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 7 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 8 Astyages Astyages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 106 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 2 553 553 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 6 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 7 grandson grandson NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 8 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 13 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 15 Anshan Anshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 16 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 17 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 20 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 21 vassal vassal NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 23 revolted revolt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 24 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 25 Astyages astyage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 107 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 2 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 5 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 6 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 7 won win VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 9 decisive decisive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 10 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 11 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 13 Astyages astyage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 14 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 15 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 18 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 19 dissatisfied dissatisfied JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 20 nobles noble NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 22 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 23 promptly promptly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 24 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 25 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 26 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 29 triumphant triumphant NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 30 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 108 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 5 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 7 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 8 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 9 Astyages Astyages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 12 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 14 subjected subject VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 17 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 18 kin kin NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 21 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 109 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 7 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 9 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 11 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 12 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 15 honour honour NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 17 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 20 stood stand VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 21 next next RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 24 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 27 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 28 ceremony ceremony NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 30 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 33 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 34 sovereigns sovereign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 36 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 39 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 40 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 41 resided reside VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 43 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 46 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 47 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 48 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 49 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 50 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 52 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 54 satraps satrap NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 56 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 110 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 1 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 2 dynasty[edit dynasty[edit , en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 5 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 7 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 8 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 13 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 15 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 16 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 18 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 19 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 111 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 1 Firstly firstly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 3 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 5 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 6 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 8 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 11 associates associate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 12 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 15 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 16 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 112 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 1 Secondly secondly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 4 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 5 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 9 Gadd Gadd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 11 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 14 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 16 Nineveh Nineveh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 18 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 20 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 21 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 113 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 2 combined combined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 3 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 4 stretching stretch VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 5 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 6 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 7 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 9 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 11 Deioces deioce NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 13 700–647 700–647 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 14 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 16 Phraortes Phraortes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 18 647–625 647–625 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 21 Scythian scythian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 22 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 24 624–597 624–597 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 25 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 27 Cyaxares cyaxare NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 29 624–585 624–585 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 30 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 32 Astyages astyage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 34 585–549 585–549 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 35 BC)[43 BC)[43 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 37 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 40 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 42 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 43 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 45 personalities personality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 46 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 48 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 49 match match NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 51 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 52 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 53 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 54 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 114 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 5 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 7 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 10 chapters chapter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 11 95–130 95–130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 14 Deioces Deioces NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 16 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 19 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 22 centralised centralised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 23 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 24 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 115 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 7 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 8 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 12 just just JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 14 incorruptible incorruptible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 15 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 19 asked ask VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 22 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 23 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 25 solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 27 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 28 disputes dispute NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 29 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 30 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 32 put put VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 33 forward forward RP en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 35 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 36 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 37 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 38 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 39 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 41 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 44 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 46 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 47 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 48 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 49 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 52 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 55 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 56 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 116 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 4 Judging judge VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 7 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 8 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 11 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 13 disregarding[45 disregarding[45 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 16 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 18 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 19 puts put VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 21 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 24 unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 25 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 26 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 27 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 29 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 31 Cyaxares Cyaxares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 33 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 117 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 4 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 6 society[edit society[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 8 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 9 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 12 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 14 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 15 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 16 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 17 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 18 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 22 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 27 Medians Medians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 31 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 34 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 36 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 38 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 39 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 40 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 41 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 42 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 43 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 45 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 48 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 49 Medianized medianized JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 51 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 52 Persianized persianize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 53 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 118 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 5 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 6 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 9 short short RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 11 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 12 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 16 textual textual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 18 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 19 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 22 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 24 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 26 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 27 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 29 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 32 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 33 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 35 nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 36 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 39 profound profound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 42 lasting last VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 44 contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 47 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 48 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 50 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 51 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 52 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 119 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 4 Language[edit Language[edit JJR en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 9 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 11 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 13 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 15 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 21 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 22 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 120 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 1 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 3 Geographica Geographica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 5 finished finish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 12 mentions mention VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 14 affinity affinity NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 16 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 19 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 20 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 21 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Sogdians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 46 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 48 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 51 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 52 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 53 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 55 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 56 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 58 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 59 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 60 slight slight JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 61 variations variation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 62 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 121 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 4 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 5 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 6 deciphered deciphered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 7 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 10 proven prove VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 14 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 17 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 122 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 3 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 5 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 8 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 9 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 10 practice 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123 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 34 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 35 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 123 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 3 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 6 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 9 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 11 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 12 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 124 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 125 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 125 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 125 3 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 125 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 125 5 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 125 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 125 7 the the DT 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NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 15 vispa- vispa- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 18 all"[59 all"[59 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 23 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 142 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 2 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 3 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 6 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 8 vispafryā vispafryā NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 10 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 143 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 144 1 fem fem NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 17 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 18 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 20 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 22 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 23 xšaθra xšaθra NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 25 pā- pā- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 27 continued continue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 29 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 30 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 31 šahr šahr VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 33 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 35 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 36 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 37 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 42 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 44 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 45 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 46 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 47 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 49 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 51 romanized romanize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 52 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 53 satrap satrap NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 55 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 56 Gk Gk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 147 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 1 σατράπης σατράπης NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 2 satrápēs satrápēs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 4 mirrors mirror NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 7 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 10 tradition,[N tradition,[N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 11 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 14 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 15 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 18 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 19 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 20 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 23 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 26 xšaça- xšaça- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 28 xšaçapāvā xšaçapāvā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 32 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 33 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 34 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 148 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 4 zūra- zūra- XX en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 7 evil evil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 10 zūrakara- zūrakara- XX en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 13 evil evil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 15 doer doer NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 149 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 4 Religion[edit religion[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 6 Apadana Apadana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 7 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 9 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 12 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 14 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 15 carving carving NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 17 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 19 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 20 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 22 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 23 costume costume NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 25 Medians Medians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 27 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 28 rounded rounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 29 hats hat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 31 boots boot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 35 Persepolis Persepolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 37 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 38 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 39 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 40 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 41 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 42 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 43 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 45 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 47 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 48 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 150 49 . . . 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personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 24 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 26 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 27 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 31 Histories Histories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 33 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 151 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 2 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 3 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 4 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 6 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 9 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 10 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 11 in in IN 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 152 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 1 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 2 mentions mention NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 3 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 4 Magi Magi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 7 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 8 tribe tribe NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 9 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 10 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 12 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 14 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 17 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 153 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 5 priestly priestly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 6 caste caste JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 9 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 11 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 13 father father NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 15 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 154 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 2 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 4 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 5 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 8 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 11 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 155 12 king king NN 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unanimously RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 6 regarded regard VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 8 Magi Magi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 10 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 13 Zoroastrian zoroastrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 14 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 156 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 3 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 4 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 6 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 8 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 10 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 157 12 in in IN 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 5 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 7 familiar familiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 9 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 10 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 12 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 13 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 15 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 16 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 18 theophoric theophoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 19 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 20 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 21 Maždakku Maždakku NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 25 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 27 Ahura Ahura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 28 Mazdā Mazdā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 158 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 4 Scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 5 disagree disagree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 6 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 9 indications indication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 11 Zoroastrian zoroastrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 12 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 13 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 15 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 159 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 1 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 2 believes 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160 25 believes believe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 29 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 32 Magi Magi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 34 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 37 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 38 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 40 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 42 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 43 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 44 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 45 obstacle obstacle NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 47 Zoroastrian Zoroastrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 48 proselytizing proselytize VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 49 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 50 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 160 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 4 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 5 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 8 Zoroastrian zoroastrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 9 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 12 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 13 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 15 Ray Ray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 16 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 17 goes go VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 18 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 161 20 the the DT 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162 21 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 22 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 24 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 26 Media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 29 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 30 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 32 Zarathustra Zarathustra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 33 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 35 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 37 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 38 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 39 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 41 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 162 43 the the DT 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 5 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 6 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 8 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 9 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 10 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 11 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 12 Mithraism Mithraism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 15 Mithra Mithra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 18 supreme supreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 19 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 164 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 165 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 165 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 165 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 165 4 Kurds Kurds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 165 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 165 6 Medes[edit medes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 165 7 ] ] -RRB- 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 43 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 44 attestation attestation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 47 Kurds Kurds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 49 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 50 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 51 Bruinessen Bruinessen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 52 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 53 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 54 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 55 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 56 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 58 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 59 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 60 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 61 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 169 62 the the 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 54 entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 56 Mede Mede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 60 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 61 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 62 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 63 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 64 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 65 Mēdus Mēdus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 66 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 67 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 68 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 69 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 71 Mēdī Mēdī NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 73 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 74 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 75 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 77 Attic Attic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 79 Ionic ionic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 80 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 81 Μῆδος Μῆδος NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 82 Mê̄dos Mê̄dos NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 83 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 84 mɛ̂ːdos mɛ̂ːdos CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 85 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 86 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 87 Cypriot Cypriot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 88 Μᾶδοι Μᾶδοι NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 89 Mâdœ Mâdœ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 90 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 91 mâdoi̯ mâdoi̯ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 92 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 94 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 95 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 96 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 97 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 98 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 99 Māda Māda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 175 100 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 4 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 5 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 8 Archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 9 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 12 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 15 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 17 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 18 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 21 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 24 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 25 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 29 140 140 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 176 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 1 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 4 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 7 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 9 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 11 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 13 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 14 north north JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 16 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 17 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 19 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 21 EIEC EIEC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 23 1997:30 1997:30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 177 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 1 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 4 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 5 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 7 uniting unite VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 10 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 13 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 14 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 18 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 19 Britannica[4 Britannica[4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 178 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 1 D d LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 4 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 6 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 7 split split NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 9 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 11 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 14 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 17 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 19 Scythian Scythian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 21 Ossetic Ossetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 23 Saka Saka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 25 Pamir Pamir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 27 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 29 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 32 Kuz'mina Kuz'mina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 34 Elena Elena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 35 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 37 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 40 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 41 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 44 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 46 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 48 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 49 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 50 Mallory Mallory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 52 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 179 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 3 BRILL BRILL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 7 303 303 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 9 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 11 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 13 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 15 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 17 16054 16054 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 18 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 19 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 21 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 23 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 25 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 26 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 27 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 28 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 29 lexemes lexeme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 30 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 32 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 35 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 36 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 38 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 39 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 40 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 41 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 42 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 44 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 46 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 47 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 48 collateral collateral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 50 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 52 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 53 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 55 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 56 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 57 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 59 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 60 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 62 .... .... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 63 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 64 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 65 purported purport VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 66 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 67 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 68 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 69 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 70 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 71 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 72 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 73 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 74 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 75 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 76 lexeme lexeme NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 78 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 79 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 180 80 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 3 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 5 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 7 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 8 Turchin Turchin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 10 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 12 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 14 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 15 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 17 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 19 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 20 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 22 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 23 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 181 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 4 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 5 Orientation Orientation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 7 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 8 Empires Empires NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 182 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 183 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 183 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 183 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 183 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 183 5 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 183 6 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 183 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 184 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 184 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 184 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 184 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 184 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 184 6 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 184 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 185 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 185 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 185 3 1076 1076 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 185 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 185 5 156X. 156x. CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 186 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 186 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 186 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 186 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 186 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 187 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 187 2 Taagepera Taagepera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 187 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 187 4 Rein Rein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 187 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 187 6 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 187 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 187 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 2 Size Size NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 4 Duration Duration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 6 Empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 8 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 10 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 11 Curves Curves NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 13 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 188 14 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 189 1 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 189 2 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 189 3 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 189 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 189 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 190 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 190 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 190 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 190 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 3 3/4 3/4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 6 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 8 doi:10.2307/1170959 doi:10.2307/1170959 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 191 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 192 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 192 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 192 3 1170959 1170959 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 192 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 2 OED OED NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 5 entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 6 Mede Mede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 8 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 11 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 12 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 13 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 14 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 15 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 17 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 18 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 20 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 22 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 24 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 25 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 27 MEDIA media NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 193 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 194 1 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 194 2 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 194 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 195 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 195 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 195 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 195 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 195 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 2 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 3 1.101 1.101 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 6 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 7 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 8 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 9 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 196 11 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 197 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 197 2 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 197 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 197 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 198 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 198 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 198 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 198 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 198 5 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 198 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 199 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 199 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 199 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 199 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 200 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 200 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 200 3 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 200 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 9 20091 20091 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 201 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 3 Diaconus Diaconus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 6 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 202 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 4 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 6 Deacon Deacon NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 8 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 9 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 10 Expansion Expansion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 13 Tenth Tenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 14 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 203 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 204 1 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 204 2 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 204 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 205 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 205 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 205 3 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 205 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 206 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 206 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 206 3 9780884023241 9780884023241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 206 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 207 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 207 2 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 207 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 207 4 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 207 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 207 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 207 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 207 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 4 Zoroastrianism zoroastrianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 6 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 7 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 9 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 11 Achaemenians Achaemenians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 208 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 209 1 BRILL BRILL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 209 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 9 06506 06506 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 210 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 2 Zumerchik Zumerchik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 6 Danver Danver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 8 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 9 Laurence Laurence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 11 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 211 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 1 Seas sea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 3 Waterways Waterways NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 9 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 11 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 13 Uses Uses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 16 Issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 212 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 213 1 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 213 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 213 3 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 213 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 7 85109 85109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 9 711 711 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 214 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 215 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 215 2 Sabourin Sabourin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 215 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 215 4 Leopold Leopold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 215 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 215 6 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 215 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 215 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 216 1 Priesthood Priesthood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 216 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 217 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 217 2 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 217 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 218 1 GGKEY GGKEY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 218 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 218 3 ZRNUJJQ6GG2 ZRNUJJQ6GG2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 218 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 219 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 219 2 Travels travel VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 219 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 219 4 Luristan Luristan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 219 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 219 6 Arabistan Arabistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 219 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 220 1 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 220 2 Madden Madden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 220 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 220 4 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 220 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 221 1 1845 1845 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 221 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 221 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 221 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 221 5 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 221 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 222 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 222 2 Christensen Christensen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 222 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 222 4 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 222 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 222 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 222 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 222 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 2 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 4 Iranshahr Iranshahr NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 6 Irrigation irrigation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 8 Environments environment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 11 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 14 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 15 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 17 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 223 18 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 224 1 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 224 2 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 224 3 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 224 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 225 1 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 225 2 Tusculanum Tusculanum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 225 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 225 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 226 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 226 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 226 3 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 226 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 5 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 7 7289 7289 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 9 259 259 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 227 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 2 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 5 Oliver Oliver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 7 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 228 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 229 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 229 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 229 3 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 229 4 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 229 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 230 1 Biblo Biblo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 230 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 230 3 Tannen Tannen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 230 4 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 230 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 231 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 231 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 231 3 292 292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 231 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 7 8196 8196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 9 0143 0143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 232 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 5 Tavernier Tavernier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 10 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 14 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 15 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 19 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 21 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 23 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 24 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 25 7.62 7.62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 27 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 28 7.61 7.61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 29 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 30 Hesiod Hesiod NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 32 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 33 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 35 Theogony Theogony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 37 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 233 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 234 1 993–1002 993–1002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 234 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 234 3 Ketevan Ketevan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 234 4 Nadareishvili Nadareishvili NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 234 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 234 6 2010–2011 2010–2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 234 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 234 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 2 Madea madea NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 5 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 9 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 10 Relationships Relationships NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 235 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 3 PAUSANIAS PAUSANIAS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 5 DESCRIPTION description NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 6 OF of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 7 GREECE GREECE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 8 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 12 Theoi Theoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 13 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 14 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 15 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 236 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 3 DIODORUS DIODORUS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 4 SICULUS SICULUS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 6 LIBRARY LIBRARY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 7 OF of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 8 HISTORY HISTORY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 9 BOOK BOOK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 10 4.40 4.40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 11 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 12 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 14 Theoi Theoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 15 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 16 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 17 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 237 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 7 Stronach1982 Stronach1982 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 11 288 288 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 13 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 15 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 16 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 17 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 18 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 20 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 21 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 25 449 449 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 27 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 29 Stronach Stronach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 30 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 32 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 34 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 36 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 38 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 39 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 41 Stronach Stronach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 42 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 44 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 45   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 46 290 290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 48 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 50 Henrickson Henrickson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 51 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 238 53 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 239 1 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1144 239 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 240 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 240 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 240 3 Dandamayev Dandamayev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 240 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 240 5 Medvedskaya Medvedskaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 240 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 240 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 240 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 241 1 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1144 241 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 3 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 8 448 448 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 10 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 12 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 14 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 15 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 19 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 21 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 23 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 24 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 26 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 28 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 30 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 32 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 33 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 35 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 242 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 1 118–119 118–119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 3 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 5 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 6 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 10 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 13 Ayatollahi Ayatollahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 15 Habibollah Habibollah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 17 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 243 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 2 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 4 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 9 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 10 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 244 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 245 1 Alhoda alhoda VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 245 2 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 245 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 5 964 964 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 7 94491 94491 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 14 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 15 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 16 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 18 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 19 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 21 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 246 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 1 36–41 36–41 LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 3 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 5 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 6 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 7 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 9 Dandamaev Dandamaev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 10 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 11 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 247 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 248 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 248 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 248 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 248 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 1 2–3 2–3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 3 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 5 Zadok Zadok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 10 140 140 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 14 Dandamaev Dandamaev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 15 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 16 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 249 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 7 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 8 Georges Georges NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 9 Roux Roux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 11 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 12 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 14 1992[full 1992[full NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 15 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 16 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 19 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 20 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 23 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 24 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 25 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 26 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 28 Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 31 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 32 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 33 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 36 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 37 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 38 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 39 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 42 627 627 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 43 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 45 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 46 obscure obscure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 250 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 2 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 4 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 5 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 8 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 10 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 11 coalition coalition NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 13 612–609 612–609 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 14 bce bce NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 251 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 252 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 252 2 Briant Briant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 252 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 252 4 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 252 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 252 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 252 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 252 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 2 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 10 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 253 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 254 1 Eisenbrauns eisenbraun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 254 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 255 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 255 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 255 3 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 255 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 256 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 256 2 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 256 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 256 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 256 5 Histories Histories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 256 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 256 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 257 1 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 257 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 2 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 3 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 6 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 8 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 10 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 11 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 15 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 17 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 19 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 20 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 22 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 24 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 26 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 28 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 29 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 31 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 33 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 35 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 37 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 38 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 40 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 42 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 44 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 46 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 47 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 49 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 50   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 51 450 450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 53 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 54 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 56 Strab Strab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 258 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 1 15.2.8 15.2.8 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 4 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 5 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 11 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 13 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 14 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 18 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 20 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 22 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 23 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 24 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 25 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 27 Schmitt Schmitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 28 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 30 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 32 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 34 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 36 Tavernier Tavernier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 37 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 39 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 41 619 619 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 43 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 45 Tavernier Tavernier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 46 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 48 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 259 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 1 157–8 157–8 LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 5 Tavernier Tavernier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 10 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 14 Hawkins Hawkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 15 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 18 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 21 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 23 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 24 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 27 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 28 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 31 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 32 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 34 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 36 Gamkrelidze Gamkrelidze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 38 Ivanov Ivanov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 40 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 43 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 45 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 48 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 50 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 52 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 53 Reconstruction Reconstruction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 55 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 56 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 59 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 60 505 505 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 62 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 64 Fortson Fortson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 66 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 67 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 69 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 70 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 71 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 72 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 73 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 75 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 76 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 77 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 78 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 79 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 81 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 82 419 419 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 84 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 85 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 86 YarShater YarShater NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 87 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 88 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 89 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 90 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 91 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 92 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 94 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 95 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 96 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 97 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 98 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 99 Tavernier Tavernier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 100 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 102 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 103   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 104 627 627 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 105 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 106 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 107 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 108 Tavernier Tavernier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 109 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 110 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 111 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 260 112 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 1 352–3 352–3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 3 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 5 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 7 Schmitt Schmitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 12 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 14 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 16 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 17 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 19 Dandamayev Dandamayev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 20 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 21 Medvedskaya Medvedskaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 22 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 24 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 25 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 27 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 29 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 30 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 31 Grenet Grenet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 32 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 34 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 36 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 38 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 40 Soudavar Soudavar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 41 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 43 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 44   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 45 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 47 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 48 Hakan Hakan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 49 Özoğlu Özoğlu NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 51 Kurdish kurdish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 52 notables notable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 55 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 56 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 57 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 58 Evolving Evolving NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 59 Identities Identities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 61 Competing Competing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 62 Loyalties Loyalties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 65 Shifting Shifting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 66 Boundaries Boundaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 68 SUNY SUNY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 69 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 71 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 73 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 74 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 261 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 262 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1144 262 2 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 262 3 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 262 4 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 262 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 262 6 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 262 7 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 262 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 263 1 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 263 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 263 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 264 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 264 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 264 3 9780739762820 9780739762820 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 264 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 2 Division Division NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 4 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 5 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 265 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 266 1 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 266 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 267 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 267 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 267 3 9781419191268 9781419191268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 267 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 2 Windfuhr Windfuhr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 4 Gernot Gernot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 6 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 10 Isoglosses isoglosse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 13 Sketch Sketch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 15 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 17 Parthians Parthians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 19 Kurds Kurds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 21 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 24 Monumentum Monumentum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 268 25 H.S. H.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 1 Nyberg Nyberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 4 Acta Acta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 5 Iranica-5 Iranica-5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 8 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 10 457–471 457–471 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 11 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 12 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 14 Ludwig Ludwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 269 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 270 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 270 2 KURDISH KURDISH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 270 3 LANGUAGE LANGUAGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 270 4 i. i. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 271 1 HISTORY history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 271 2 OF of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 271 3 THE the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 271 4 KURDISH KURDISH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 271 5 LANGUAGE LANGUAGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 271 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 271 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 272 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 272 2 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 272 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 273 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 273 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 273 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 273 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 273 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 274 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 274 2 Schmitt Schmitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 274 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 274 4 Rüdiger Rüdiger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 274 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 274 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 274 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 274 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 275 1 Compendium Compendium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 275 2 Linguarum Linguarum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 275 3 Iranicarum Iranicarum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 275 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 276 1 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 276 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 276 3 Reichert Reichert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 276 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 2 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 3 Asatrian Asatrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 5 Prolegomena Prolegomena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 8 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 11 Kurds Kurds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 13 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 16 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 18 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 277 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 278 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 278 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 278 3 pp pp ADD en-wikipedia-org-1144 278 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 279 1 1–58 1–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 279 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 279 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 279 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 2 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 9 Asatrian Asatrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 11 Garnik Garnik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 280 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 2 Prolegomena Prolegomena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 5 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 8 Kurds Kurds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 281 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 1 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 4 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 6 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 8 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-1144 282 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 8 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 283 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 284 1 Accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 284 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 284 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 284 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 284 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 284 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 284 7 http://www.jstor.org/stable/25597392 http://www.jstor.org/stable/25597392 UH en-wikipedia-org-1144 284 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 1 Sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 3 Boyce Boyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 5 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 7 Grenet Grenet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 9 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 11 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 14 Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 15 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 16 Macedonian Macedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 19 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 21 BRILL BRILL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 23 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 25 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 27 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 29 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 31 09271 09271 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 33 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 34 Bryce Bryce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 36 Trevor Trevor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 38 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 41 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 42 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 43 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 46 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 48 Places Places NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 50 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 51 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 52 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 285 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 3 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 4 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 5 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 8 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 11 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 14 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 15 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 16 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 17 Dandamaev Dandamaev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 19 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 20 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 22 Lukonin Lukonin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 24 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 25 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 27 Kohl Kohl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 29 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 30 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 32 Dadson Dadson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 34 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 286 35 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 6 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 8 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 9 Institutions Institutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 11 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 12 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 14 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 16 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 18 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 19 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 20 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 22 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 24 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 26 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 28 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 30 61191 61191 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 32 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 33 Dandamayev Dandamayev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 35 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 37 Medvedskaya Medvedskaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 287 39 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 6 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 9 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 10 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 11 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 12 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 14 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 17 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 19 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 20 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 21 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 22 Diakonoff Diakonoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 24 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 25 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 27 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 31 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 35 Ilya Ilya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 36 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 38 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 288 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 4 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 7 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 11 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 13 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 15 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 289 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 1 36–148 36–148 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 5 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 7 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 9 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 11 20091 20091 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 13 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 14 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 290 16 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 2 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 6 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 7 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 8 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 11 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 12 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 14 Hanbuch Hanbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 15 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 16 Orientalistik Orientalistik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 18 Abeteilung Abeteilung NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 19 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 20 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 21 Nahe Nahe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 22 Und Und NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 23 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 24 Mittlere Mittlere NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 25 Osten Osten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 27 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 29 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 31 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 291 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 1 1–30 1–30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 5 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 7 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 9 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 11 00857 00857 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 13 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 14 Henrickson Henrickson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 16 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 17 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 19 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 23 Baba Baba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 24 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 25 Teppe Teppe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 28 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 29 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 31 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 33 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 34 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 35 Kegan Kegan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 36 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 38 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 40 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 42 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 44 933273 933273 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 46 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 48 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 49 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 51 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 52 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 54 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 55 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 56 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 59 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 60 Geographical Geographical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 61 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 64 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 65 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 66 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 67 Zagros Zagros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 68 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 69 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 70 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 72 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 74 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 75 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 76 1–27 1–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 78 doi:10.2307/4300482 doi:10.2307/4300482 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 80 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 81   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 82 0578 0578 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 83 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 84 6967 6967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 86 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 87   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 88 4300482 4300482 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 89 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 91 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 92 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 93 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 94 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 95 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 96 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 97 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 99 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 100 Geographical Geographical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 101 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 102 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 103 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 104 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 105 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 106 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 107 Zagros Zagros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 108 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 109 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 110 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 112 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 113 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 114 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 115 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 116 99–124 99–124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 117 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 118 doi:10.2307/4300506 doi:10.2307/4300506 FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 119 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 120 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 121   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 122 0578 0578 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 123 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 124 6967 6967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 125 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 126 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 127   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 128 4300506 4300506 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 129 Schmitt Schmitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 130 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 131 Rüdiger Rüdiger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 132 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 133 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 134 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 135 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 136 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 137 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 138 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 139 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 140 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 141 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 142 Woodard Woodard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 143 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 144 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 292 145 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 293 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 293 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 293 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 5 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 7 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 10 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 12 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 13 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 14 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 294 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 1 76–100 76–100 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 5 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 7 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 9 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 11 68494 68494 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 13 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 14 Soudavar Soudavar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 16 Abolala Abolala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 18 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 22 aura aura NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 24 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 26 legitimacy legitimacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 28 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 29 sanction sanction NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 31 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 32 kingship kingship NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 34 Mazda Mazda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 35 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 37 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 38   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 39 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 41 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 43 56859 56859 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 45 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 47 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 48 Stronach Stronach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 50 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 52 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 56 Tepe Tepe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 57 Nush Nush NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 58 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 59 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 60 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 61 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 62 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 63 Mound Mound NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 64 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 65 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 66 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 68 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 69 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 70 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 72 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 73 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 75 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 76 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 78 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 79 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 80 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 82 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 83 177–186 177–186 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 85 doi:10.2307/3258384 doi:10.2307/3258384 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 87 ISSN ISSN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 88   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 89 0026 0026 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 90 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 91 1521 1521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 93 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 94   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 95 3258384 3258384 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 96 Stronach Stronach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 98 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 99 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 100 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 101 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 102 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 103 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 104 Archeology Archeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 105 ii ii NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 295 106 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 1 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 3 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 7 Yarshater Yarshater NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 296 9 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 297 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 297 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 297 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 3 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 4 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 8 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 10 Kegan Kegan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 11 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 298 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 1 288–296 288–296 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 5 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 7 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 9 933273 933273 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 11 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 13 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 14 Tavernier Tavernier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 16 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 18 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 21 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 24 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 25 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 27 ca ca NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 299 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 300 1 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 300 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 300 3 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 300 4 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 1 ): ): NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 2 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 3 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 5 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 6 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 7 Proper Proper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 8 Names Names NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 10 Loanwords Loanwords NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 12 Attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 14 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 16 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 17 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 19 Peeters Peeters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 20 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 22 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 24 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 26 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 28 429 429 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 30 1833 1833 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 32 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 33 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 34 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 35 Mieroop Mieroop NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 37 Marc Marc NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 39 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 42 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 43 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 46 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 47 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 48 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 50 ca ca NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 301 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 1 3000 3000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 3 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 4 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 6 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 7 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 8 Windfuhr Windfuhr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 10 Gernot Gernot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 11 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 13 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 17 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 18 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 22 Yarshater Yarshater NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 302 24 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 303 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 303 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 303 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 304 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 304 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 304 3 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 304 4 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 304 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 304 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 304 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 1 242–251 242–251 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 5 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 7 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 9 939214 939214 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 11 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 13 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 14 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 16 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 17 Cuyler Cuyler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 19 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 21 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 26 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 27 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 30 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 33 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 36 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 37 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 40 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 42 Cambyses Cambyses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 46 Boardman Boardman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 48 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 50 Hammond Hammond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 52 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 53 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 54 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 55 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 56 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 58 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 59 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 60 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 61 Ostwald Ostwald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 305 63 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 306 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 306 2 eds eds PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1144 306 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 4 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 307 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 1 1–52 1–52 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 3 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 5 CHOL9780521228046.002 CHOL9780521228046.002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 7 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 9 9781139054317 9781139054317 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 10 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 12 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 13 Cuyler Cuyler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 15 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 19 Medes Medes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 23 Meyers Meyers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 25 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 308 26 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 309 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 309 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 309 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 5 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 7 archaeology archaeology NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 10 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 11 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 13 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 15 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 310 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 1 448–450 448–450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 5 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 7 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 9 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 11 511217 511217 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 13 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 14 Zadok Zadok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 16 Ran Ran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 18 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 23 Ethno Ethno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 25 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 26 Character Character NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 28 Northwestern Northwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 29 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 31 Kurdistan Kurdistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 34 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 36 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 37 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 40 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 42 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 44 89–151 89–151 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 46 doi:10.2307/4300620 doi:10.2307/4300620 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 48 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 49   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 50 0578 0578 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 51 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 52 6967 6967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 54 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 55   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 56 4300620 4300620 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 57 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 58 reading[edit reading[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 59 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 60 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 61 Mede Mede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 311 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 312 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 312 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 312 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 313 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 313 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 314 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 314 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 314 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 314 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 315 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 315 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 315 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 315 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 1 Gershevitch Gershevitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 3 Ilya Ilya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 5 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 9 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 10 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 12 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 14 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 16 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 18 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 20 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 21 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 22 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 24 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 26 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 28 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 30 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 32 20091 20091 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 34 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 35 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 36 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 38 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 39 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 40 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 41 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 42 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 44 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 45 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 316 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 317 1 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 317 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 317 3 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 317 4 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 317 5 Chamber Chamber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 317 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 317 7 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 317 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 5 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 6 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 7 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 8 Euphrates Euphrates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 9 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 10 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 11 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 12 Marshes marshe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 13 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 14 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 15 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 16 Desert Desert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 17 Taurus Taurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 18 Mountains Mountains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 19 Tigris Tigris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 20 Zagros Zagros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 21 Mountains Mountains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 22 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 23 Akkad Akkad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 24 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 25 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 26 Chaldea Chaldea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 27 Elam Elam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 28 Hittites Hittites NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 29 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 30 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 31 Sumer Sumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 32 Urartu Urartu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 33 Cities Cities NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 34 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 35 Pre- Pre- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 36 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 37 Protohistory Protohistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 38 Acheulean Acheulean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 39 Mousterian Mousterian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 40 Trialetian trialetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 41 Zarzian zarzian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 42 Natufian Natufian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 43 Nemrikian Nemrikian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 44 Khiamian Khiamian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 45 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 46 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 47 Pottery Pottery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 48 Neolithic neolithic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 49 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 51 PPNA PPNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 53 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 54 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 55 Pottery pottery JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 56 Neolithic neolithic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 57 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 59 PPNB PPNB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 61 Hassuna Hassuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 62 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 63 Samarra Samarra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 64 Halaf Halaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 65 Ubaid Ubaid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 66 Uruk Uruk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 67 Jemdet Jemdet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 68 Nasr Nasr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 69 Kish kish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 70 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 71 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 72 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 73 Dynastic dynastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 74 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 75 Gutians Gutians NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 76 Simurrum Simurrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 77 Ur Ur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 78 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 79 Isin Isin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 80 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 81 Larsa Larsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 82 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 83 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 84 Kassite Kassite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 85 Middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 86 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 87 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 88 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 89 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 90 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 91 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 92 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 93 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 94 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 95 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 96 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 97 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 98 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 99 conquest conquest VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 100 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 101 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 102 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 103 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 104 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 105 Hakkari Hakkari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 106 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 107 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 108 Amorite Amorite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 109 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 110 Eblaite Eblaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 111 Elamite Elamite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 112 Gutian Gutian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 113 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 114 Hurrian Hurrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 115 Luwian Luwian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 116 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 117 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 118 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 119 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 120 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 121 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 122 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 123 Armenian armenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 124 Sumerian Sumerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 125 Urartian Urartian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 126 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 127 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 128 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 129 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 130 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 131 Cuneiform cuneiform NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 132 Akkadian akkadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 133 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 134 Sumerian sumerian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 135 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 136 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 137 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 138 Indus Indus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 139 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 140 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 141 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 142 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 143 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 144 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 145 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 146 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 147 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 148 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 149 Looting Looting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 150 Destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 151 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 152 ISIL ISIL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 153 Tell Tell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 154 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 155 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 156 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 157 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 158 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 159 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 160 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 161 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 162 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 163 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 164 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 165 Cities Cities NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 166 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 167 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 168 Hamadan Hamadan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 169 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 170 Rhagae Rhagae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 171 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 172 Shahre Shahre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 173 Rey Rey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 174 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 175 Tehran Tehran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 176 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 177 Laodicea Laodicea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 178 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 179 Nahavand Nahavand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 180 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 181 Battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 182 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 183 Lydia Lydia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 184 Eclipse Eclipse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 185 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 186 Thales Thales NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 187 Battles Battles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 188 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 189 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 190 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 191 Revolt Revolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 192 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 193 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 194 Hyrba Hyrba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 195 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 196 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 197 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 198 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 199 Border Border NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 200 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 201 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 202 Pasargadae Pasargadae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 203 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 204 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 205 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 206 Pasargadae Pasargadae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 207 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 208 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 209 Ecbatana Ecbatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 210 Kings Kings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 211 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 212 Satraps Satraps NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 213 Deioces Deioces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 214 Phraortes Phraortes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 215 Madius Madius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 216 Cyaxares Cyaxares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 217 Astyages Astyages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 218 Cyaxares Cyaxares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 219 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 220 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 221 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 222 Mede Mede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 223 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 224 Medians Medians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 225 Amytis Amytis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 226 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 227 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 228 Artembares Artembares NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 229 Datis Datis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 230 Gubaru Gubaru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 231 Mazares Mazares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 232 Harpagus Harpagus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 233 Aryenis Aryenis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 234 Mandane Mandane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 235 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 236 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 237 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 238 Median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 239 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 240 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 241 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 242 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 243 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 244 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 245 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 246 728–550 728–550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 247 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 248 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 249 Deioces Deioces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 250 Phraortes Phraortes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 251 Madius Madius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 252 Cyaxares Cyaxares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 253 Astyages astyage VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 254 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 255 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 256 550–330 550–330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 257 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 258 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 259 Achaemenes Achaemenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 260 Ariaramnes Ariaramnes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 261 Arsames Arsames NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 262 Teispes Teispes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 263 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 264 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 265 Cambyses cambyse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 266 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 267 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 268 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 269 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 270 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 271 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 272 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 273 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 274 Cambyses cambyse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 275 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 276 Smerdis Smerdis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 277 Gaumata Gaumata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 278 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 279 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 280 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 281 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 282 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 283 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 284 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 285 Xerxes xerxe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 286 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 287 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 288 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 289 Xerxes Xerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 290 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 291 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 292 Artaxerxes Artaxerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 293 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 294 Xerxes xerxe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 295 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 296 Sogdianus Sogdianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 297 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 298 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 299 Nothus Nothus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 300 Artaxerxes Artaxerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 301 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 302 Mnemon Mnemon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 303 Artaxerxes Artaxerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 304 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 305 Ochus Ochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 306 Artaxerxes Artaxerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 307 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 308 Arses Arses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 309 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 310 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 311 Codomannus Codomannus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 312 Artaxerxes Artaxerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 313 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 314 Bessus Bessus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 315 Italics Italics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 316 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 317 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 318 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 319 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 320 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 321 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 322 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 323 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 324 legendary legendary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 318 325 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 4 Empires Empires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 7 Colonies Colonies NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 9 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 10 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 12 Sumerian Sumerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 13 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 14 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 15 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 16 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 17 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 18 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 20 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 21 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 22 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 23 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 24 Kassite Kassite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 25 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 27 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 28 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 29 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 30 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 31 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 32 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 33 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 34 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 35 Phoenician Phoenician NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 36 Carthaginian carthaginian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 37 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 38 Shang Shang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 39 Qin Qin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 40 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 41 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 42 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 43 Jin Jin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 44 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 46 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 47 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 48 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 49 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 50 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 51 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 52 Nanda Nanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 53 Maurya Maurya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 54 Satavahana Satavahana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 55 Shunga Shunga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 56 Gupta Gupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 57 Harsha Harsha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 58 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 59 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 60 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 61 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 62 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 63 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 64 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 65 Xianbei Xianbei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 66 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 67 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 68 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 69 Teotihuacan Teotihuacan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 70 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 71 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 72 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 73 Aksum Aksum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 74 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 75 Rashidun Rashidun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 76 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 77 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 78 Fatimid Fatimid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 79 Aragonese Aragonese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 80 Angevin Angevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 81 Ayyubid Ayyubid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 82 Aztec Aztec NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 83 Benin Benin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 84 Bornu Bornu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 85 Bruneian Bruneian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 86 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 87 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 88 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 89 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 90 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 91 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 92 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 93 Calakmul Calakmul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 94 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 95 Sui Sui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 96 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 97 Liao Liao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 98 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 99 Jīn Jīn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 100 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 101 Uyghur Uyghur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 102 Ethiopian Ethiopian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 103 Zagwe Zagwe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 104 Solomonic Solomonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 105 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 106 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 107 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 108 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 109 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 110 Carolingian carolingian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 111 Huetar Huetar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 112 Hunnic Hunnic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 113 Hephthalite Hephthalite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 114 Inca Inca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 115 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 116 Chola Chola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 117 Gurjara Gurjara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 118 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 119 Pratihara Pratihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 120 Pala Pala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 121 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 122 Ganga Ganga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 123 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 124 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 125 Vijayanagara Vijayanagara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 126 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 127 Samanid Samanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 128 Saffarid Saffarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 129 Kanem Kanem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 130 Khmer Khmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 131 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 132 Majapahit Majapahit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 133 Malaccan Malaccan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 134 Mali Mali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 135 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 136 Mamluk Mamluk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 137 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 138 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 139 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 140 Horde Horde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 141 Chagatai Chagatai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 142 Khanate Khanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 143 Ilkhanate Ilkhanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 144 Moroccan Moroccan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 145 Idrisid idrisid NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 146 Almoravid Almoravid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 147 Almohad Almohad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 148 Marinid Marinid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 149 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 150 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 151 Oyo Oyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 152 Serbian serbian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 153 Singhasari Singhasari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 154 Somali Somali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 155 Ajuran Ajuran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 156 Ifatite Ifatite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 157 Adalite Adalite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 158 Mogadishan Mogadishan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 159 Songhai Songhai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 160 Srivijaya Srivijaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 161 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 162 Tikal Tikal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 163 Timurid Timurid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 164 Tiwanku Tiwanku NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 165 Toltec Toltec NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 166 Turco Turco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 167 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 168 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 169 Ghaznavid Ghaznavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 170 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 171 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 172 Khwarezmian Khwarezmian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 173 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 174 Vietnamese Vietnamese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 175 Dai Dai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 176 Viet Viet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 177 Wagadou Wagadou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 178 Wari Wari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 179 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 180 Afghan Afghan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 181 Ashanti Ashanti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 182 Austrian Austrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 183 Austro Austro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 184 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 185 Hungarian Hungarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 186 Brazilian Brazilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 187 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 188 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 189 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 190 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 191 Qing Qing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 192 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 193 Manchukuo Manchukuo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 194 Ethiopian Ethiopian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 195 Haitian Haitian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 196 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 197 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 198 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 199 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 200 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 201 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 202 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 203 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 204 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 205 Reich Reich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 206 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 207 Reich Reich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 208 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 209 Reich Reich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 210 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 211 Mughal Mughal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 212 Mysorean Mysorean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 213 Sikh Sikh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 214 Maratha Maratha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 215 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 216 Raj Raj NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 217 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 218 Safavid Safavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 219 Afsharid Afsharid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 220 Qajar Qajar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 221 Pahlavi Pahlavi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 222 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 223 Johor Johor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 224 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 225 Mexican Mexican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 226 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 227 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 228 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 229 Saadi Saadi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 230 Alaouite alaouite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 231 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 232 Somali somali NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 233 Gobroon Gobroon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 234 Majeerteen Majeerteen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 235 Hobyo Hobyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 236 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 237 Tongan Tongan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 238 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 239 Vietnamese Vietnamese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 240 Dainam Dainam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 241 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 242 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 243 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 244 Belgian belgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 245 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 246 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 247 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 248 Danish danish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 249 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 250 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 251 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 252 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 253 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 254 Omani omani JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 255 Polish Polish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 256 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 257 Lithuanian lithuanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 258 Couronian couronian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 259 Portuguese portuguese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 260 Sovereign Sovereign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 261 Military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 262 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 263 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 264 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 265 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 266 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 267 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 268 Empires empire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 269 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 270 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 271 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 272 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 273 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 274 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 275 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 276 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 277 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 278 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 279 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 280 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 281 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 282 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 283 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 284 empires empire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 285 Miscellaneous miscellaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 286 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 287 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 288 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 289 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 290 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 291 sun sun NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 292 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 293 sets set VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 294 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 295 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 296 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 297 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 298 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 299 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 300 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 301 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 302 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 303 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 304 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 305 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 306 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 307 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 308 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 309 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 310 Provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 311 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 312 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 313 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 314 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 315 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 316 Behistun Behistun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 317   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 318 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 319 Persepolis Persepolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 320   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 321 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 322 Naqsh Naqsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 323 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 324 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 325 Rustam Rustam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 326   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 327 / / , en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 328 Susa susa JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 329   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 330 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 331 Daiva Daiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 332 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 333 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 334 Akaufaka Akaufaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 335 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 336 Quhistan Quhistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 337 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1144 319 338 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1 Amyrgoi Amyrgoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 2 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 3 Arachosia Arachosia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 4 Aria Aria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 5 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 6 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 7 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 8 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 9 Cappadocia Cappadocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 10 Caria Caria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 11 Carmania Carmania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 12 Caucasian Caucasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 13 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 14 Chorasmia Chorasmia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 15 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 16 Colchis Colchis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 17 Dahae Dahae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 18 Drangiana Drangiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 19 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 20 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 21 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 22 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 24 Eber Eber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 26 Nari Nari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 28 Levant levant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 30 Elam Elam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 31 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 33 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 35 Gandāra Gandāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 37 Gandhara Gandhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 39 Gedrosia Gedrosia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 40 Hyrcania Hyrcania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 41 Ionia Ionia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 42 Hindush Hindush NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 43 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 44 Lydia Lydia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 45 Maka Maka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 46 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 47 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 48 Lesser Lesser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 49 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 50 Massagetae Massagetae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 51 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 52 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 53 Phoenicia Phoenicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 54 Phrygia Phrygia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 55 Hellespontine Hellespontine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 56 Phrygia Phrygia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 57 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 58 Phrygia Phrygia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 59 Saka Saka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 60 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 61 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 62 Sattagydia Sattagydia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 63 Skudra Skudra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 65 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 67 Sogdia Sogdia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 68 Yehud Yehud NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 69 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 70 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 71 Tax Tax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 72 Districts Districts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 75 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 76 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 78 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 79 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 80 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 82 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 83 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 84 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 85 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 86 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 87 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 88 Prehistory Prehistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 89 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 90 3400–550 3400–550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 91 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 92 Kura Kura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 93 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 94 Araxes Araxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 95 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 97 3400–2000 3400–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 98 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 100 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 101 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 102 Elamite elamite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 103 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 104 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 105 3200–2800 3200–2800 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 106 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 107 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 108 Elamite Elamite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 109 dynasties dynasty NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 110 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 111 2800–550 2800–550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 112 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 113 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 114 Lullubi Lullubi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 115 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 116 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 117 c.2300–700 c.2300–700 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 118 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 119 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 120 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 121 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 122 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 123 c.2334 c.2334 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 124 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 125 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 126 c.2154 c.2154 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 127 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 128 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 129 Kassites Kassites NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 131 c.1500–c.1155 c.1500–c.1155 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 132 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 133 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 134 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 135 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 136 Mannai Mannai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 137 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 138 10th–7th 10th–7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 139 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 140 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 141 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 142 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 143 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 144 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 145 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 146 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 147 911–609 911–609 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 148 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 149 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 150 Urartu Urartu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 151 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 152 860 860 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 153 BC–590 BC–590 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 154 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 155 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 156 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 157 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 158 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 159 728–550 728–550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 160 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 161 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 162 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 163 Scythian Scythian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 164 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 165 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 166 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 167 652–625 652–625 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 168 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 169 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 170 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 171 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 172 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 173 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 174 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 175 626–539 626–539 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 176 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 177 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 178 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 179 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 180 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 181 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 182 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 183 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 184 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 185 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 186 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 187 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 188 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 189 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 190 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 191 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 192 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 193 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 194 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 195 331 331 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 196 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 197 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 198 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 199 428 428 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 200 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 201 Atropatene Atropatene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 202 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 203 320s 320s CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 204 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 205 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 206 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 207 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 208 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 209 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 210 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 211 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 212 Cappadocia Cappadocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 213 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 214 320s 320s `` en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 215 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 216 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 217 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 218 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 219 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 220 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 221 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 222 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 223 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 224 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 225 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 226 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 227 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 228 Frataraka Frataraka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 229 Kings Kings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 230 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 231 Persis Persis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 232 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 233 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 234 Pontus Pontus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 235 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 236 281 281 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 237 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 238 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 239 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 240 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 241 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 242 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 243 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 244 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 245 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 246   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 247 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 248   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 249 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 250   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 251 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 252   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 253 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 254 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 255 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 256 224–651 224–651 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 257 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 258 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 259 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 260 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 261 224–651 224–651 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 262 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 263 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 264 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 265 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 266 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 267 637 637 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 268   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 269 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 270 1055 1055 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 271 Patriarchal Patriarchal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 272 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 273 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 274 637–651 637–651 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 275 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 276 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 277 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 278 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 279 661–750 661–750 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 280 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 281 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 282 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 283 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 284 750–1258 750–1258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 285 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 286 Tahirid Tahirid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 287 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 288 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 289 821–873 821–873 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 290 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 291 Alavid Alavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 292 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 293 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 294 864–928 864–928 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 295 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 296 Saffarid saffarid NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 297 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 298 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 299 861–1003 861–1003 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 300 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 301 Samanid Samanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 302 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 303 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 304 819–999 819–999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 305 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 306 Ziyarid Ziyarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 307 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 308 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 309 928–1043 928–1043 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 310 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 311 Buyid buyid NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 312 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 313 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 314 934–1062 934–1062 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 315 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 316 975–1432 975–1432 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 317 Ghaznavid Ghaznavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 318 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 319 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 320 975–1187 975–1187 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 321 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 322 Ghurid Ghurid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 323 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 324 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 325 1011–1215 1011–1215 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 326 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 327 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 328 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 329 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 330 1037–1194 1037–1194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 331 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 332 Khwarazmian khwarazmian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 333 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 334 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 335 1077–1231 1077–1231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 336 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 337 Eldiguzids eldiguzid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 338 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 339 1135/36 1135/36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 340 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 341 1225 1225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 342 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 343 Ilkhanate ilkhanate NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 344 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 345 1256–1335 1256–1335 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 346 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 347 Kurt Kurt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 348 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 349 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 350 1231–1389 1231–1389 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 351 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 352 Muzaffarid Muzaffarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 353 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 354 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 355 1314–1393 1314–1393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 356 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 357 Chobanid Chobanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 358 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 359 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 360 1337–1357 1337–1357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 361 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 362 Jalairid Jalairid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 363 Sultanate Sultanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 364 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 365 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 366 1339–1432 1339–1432 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 367 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 368 1370–1925 1370–1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 369 Timurid Timurid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 370 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 371 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 372 1370–1507 1370–1507 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 373 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 374 Qara Qara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 375 Qoyunlu Qoyunlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 376 Turcomans Turcomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 377 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 378 1375–1468 1375–1468 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 379 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 380 Ag Ag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 381 Qoyunlu Qoyunlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 382 Turcomans Turcomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 383 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 384 1378–1508 1378–1508 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 385 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 386 Safavid Safavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 387 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 388 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 389 1501–1736 1501–1736 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 390 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 391 Afsharid Afsharid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 392 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 393 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 394 1736–50 1736–50 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 395 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 396 Zand Zand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 397 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 398 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 399 1750–94 1750–94 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 400 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 401 Qajar Qajar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 402 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 403 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 404 1796–1925 1796–1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 405 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 406 Khanates Khanates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 407 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 408 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 409 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 410 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 411 18th–20th 18th–20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 412 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 413 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 414 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 415 1925–1979 1925–1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 416 Pahlavi Pahlavi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 417 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 418 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 419 1925–1979 1925–1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 420 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 421 1946 1946 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 422 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 423 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 424 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 425 Constituent Constituent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 426 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 427 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 428 1949 1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 429 1953 1953 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 430 coup coup FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 431 d'état d'état FW en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 432 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 433 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 434 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 435 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 436 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 437 Interim Interim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 438 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 439 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 440 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 441 1979–present 1979–present CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 442 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 443 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 444 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 445 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 446 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 447 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 448 separatism separatism NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 449 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 450 Khuzestan Khuzestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 451 Embassy Embassy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 452 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 453 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 454 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 455 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 456 Shatt Shatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 457 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 458 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 459 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 460 clashes clash NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 461 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 462 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 463 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 464 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 465 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 466 1980–88 1980–88 LS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 467 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 468 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 469 pilgrim pilgrim NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 470 massacre massacre NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 471 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 472 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 473 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 474 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 475 Air Air NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 476 Flight Flight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 477 655 655 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 478 shootdown shootdown NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 479 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 480 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 481 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 482 PJAK pjak NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 483 insurgency insurgency NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 484 Balochistan Balochistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 485 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 486 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 487 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 488 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 489 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 490 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 491 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 492 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 493 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 494 ISIL ISIL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 495 Joint Joint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 496 Comprehensive Comprehensive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 497 Plan Plan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 498 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 499 Action Action NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 500 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 501 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 502 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 503 2017–18 2017–18 NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 504 protests protest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 505 2018–19 2018–19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 506 protests protest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 507 COVID-19 COVID-19 , en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 508 pandemic pandemic NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 509 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 510 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 511 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 512 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 513 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 514 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 515 Iranic Iranic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 516 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 517   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 518 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 519 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 520 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 521 Kura Kura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 522 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 523 Araxes araxe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 524 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 525 Jiroft Jiroft NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 526 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 527 Aryans aryan VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 528 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 529 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 530 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 531 Caucasian caucasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 532 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 533 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 534 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 535 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 536 Heads Heads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 537 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 538 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 539 Cities Cities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 540 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 541 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 542 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 543 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 544 democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 545 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 546 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 547 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 548 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 549 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 550 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 551 Borders Borders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 552 Cities Cities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 553   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 554 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 555 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 556 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 557 Earthquakes Earthquakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 558 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 559 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 560 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 561 Balochistan Balochistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 562 Caspian Caspian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 563 Hyrcanian hyrcanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 564 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 565 forests forest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 566 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 567 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 568 Kurdistan Kurdistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 569 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 570 Plateau Plateau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 571 Lake Lake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 572 Urmia Urmia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 573 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 574 Mountains Mountains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 575 Provinces province VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 576 Wildlife Wildlife NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 577 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 578 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 579 Censorship Censorship NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 580 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 581   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 582 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 583 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 584 Constitutional Constitutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 585 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 586 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 587 Elections election NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 588   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 589 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 590 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 591 presidential presidential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 592 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 593 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 594 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 595 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 596 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 597   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 598 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 599 LGBT LGBT VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 600 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 601 Judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 602 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 603 Military military NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 604   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 605 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 606 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 607 Air Air NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 608 Force Force NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 609 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 610 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 611 Ministry Ministry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 612 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 613 Intelligence Intelligence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 614 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 615 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 616 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 617 Cyberwarfare Cyberwarfare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 618 Nuclear nuclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 619 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 620   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 621 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 622 UN UN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 623 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 624 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 625 Resolution Resolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 626 1747 1747 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 627 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 628 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 629 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 630 Principlists Principlists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 631 Propaganda Propaganda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 632 Reformists reformist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 633 Terrorism Terrorism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 634   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 635 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 636 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 637 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 638 sponsorship sponsorship NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 639 allegations allegation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 640 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 641 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 642 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 643 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 644 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 645 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 646 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 647 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 648 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 649 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 650 Councils Councils NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 651 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 652 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 653 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 654 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 655 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 656 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 657 Experts Experts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 658 Expediency Expediency NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 659 Discernment Discernment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 660 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 661 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 662 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 663 Village Village NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 664 Councils Councils NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 665 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 666 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 667 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 668 Consultative Consultative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 669 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 670 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 671 parliament parliament NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 672 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 673 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 674 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 675 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 676 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 677 Officials Officials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 678 Ambassadors 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 890 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 891 centers center VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 892 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 893 Demographics Demographics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 894 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 895 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 896 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 897 Farsi Farsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 898 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 899 Armenian armenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 900 Azerbaijani Azerbaijani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 901 Kurdish Kurdish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 902 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 903 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 904 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 905 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 906 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 907 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 908 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 909 Peoples Peoples NNPS 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Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 994 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 995 antiquities antiquity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 996 dispute dispute VBP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 997 Cinema Cinema NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 998 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 999 jewels jewel VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1000 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1001 Folklore Folklore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1002 Intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1003 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1004 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1005 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1006 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1007 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1008   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1009 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1010 Islamization islamization NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1011 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1012 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1013 Media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1014   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1015 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1016 news news NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1017 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1018   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1019 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1020 student student NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1021 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1022 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1023 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1024 Mythology Mythology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1025 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1026 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1027   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1028 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1029 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1030 Anthem Anthem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1031 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1032 Opium Opium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1033 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 320 1034 Persian persian JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 253 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 254 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 255 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 256 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 257 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 258 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 259 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 260 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 261 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 262 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 263 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 264 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 265 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 266 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 267 18:51 18:51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 268   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 269 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 270 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 271 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1144 322 272 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 323 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 323 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1144 323 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 323 4 under under 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 325 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1144 325 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1144 325 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 325 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 325 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1144 325 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 325 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1144 326 13 statement statement NN