id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-2750 King of Kings - Wikipedia .html text/html 6542 787 74 King of Kings (Akkadian: šar šarrāni;[1] Old Persian: Xšâyathiya Xšâyathiyânâm;[2] Middle Persian: šāhān šāh;[3] Modern Persian: شاهنشاه, Šâhanšâh; Greek: Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων, Basileùs Basiléōn;[4] Armenian: արքայից արքա, ark'ayits ark'a; Georgian: მეფეთ მეფე, Mepet mepe;[5] Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, Nəgusä Nägäst[6]) was a ruling title employed primarily by monarchs based in the Middle East. Though most commonly associated with Iran (historically known as Persia in the West[7]), especially the Achaemenid and Sasanian Empires, the title was originally introduced during the Middle Assyrian Empire by king Tukulti-Ninurta I (reigned 1233–1197 BC) and was subsequently used in a number of different kingdoms and empires, including the aforementioned Persia, various Hellenic kingdoms, Armenia, Georgia and Ethiopia. With the formation of the Middle Assyrian Empire, the Assyrian rulers installed themselves as kings over an already present system of kingship in these city-states, becoming literal "kings of kings".[1] Following Tukulti-Ninurta's reign, the title was occasionally used by monarchs of Assyria and Babylon.[2] Later Assyrian rulers to use šar šarrāni include Esarhaddon (r. ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-2750.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2750.txt