# pos

id: en-wikipedia-org-9043
pos: NNP
token:
  A_Fuzzy_Inference_System_for_Synergy_Estimation_of_Simultaneous_Emotion_Dynamics_in_Agents.html|author1

lemma:
  A_Fuzzy_Inference_System_for_Synergy_Estimation_of_Simultaneous_Emotion_Dynamics_in_Agents.html|author1


id: en-wikipedia-org-9043
pos: JJ
token:
  https://archive.today/20120910063904/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WFW-45NJFPR-14&_user=10&_coverDate=07/31/1995&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=49474c64b2d97b84891f6009445ffd76&searchtype=a

lemma:
  https://archive.today/20120910063904/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=articleurl&_udi=b6wfw-45njfpr-14&_user=10&_coverdate=07/31/1995&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_rerunorigin=scholar.google&_acct=c000050221&_version=1&_urlversion=0&_userid=10&md5=49474c64b2d97b84891f6009445ffd76&searchtype=a


id: en-wikipedia-org-9043
pos: NNP
token:
  https://lse.academia.edu/AlexGillespie/Papers/1347655/The_intersubjective_dynamics_of_trust_distrust_and_manipulation

lemma:
  https://lse.academia.edu/AlexGillespie/Papers/1347655/The_intersubjective_dynamics_of_trust_distrust_and_manipulation


id: en-wikipedia-org-2050
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata&oldid=988989963

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata&oldid=988989963


id: en-wikipedia-org-2669
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links&oldid=961302633

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links&oldid=961302633


id: en-wikipedia-org-2743
pos: JJ
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata&oldid=951828128

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=category:commons_category_link_is_on_wikidata&oldid=951828128


id: en-wikipedia-org-5213
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list&oldid=985888469

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list&oldid=985888469


id: en-wikipedia-org-4492
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Share_of_people_agreeing_with_the_statement_%22most_people_can_be_trusted%22,_OWID.svg

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Share_of_people_agreeing_with_the_statement_%22most_people_can_be_trusted%22,_OWID.svg


id: en-wikipedia-org-7322
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-why-nobel-prize-winner-daniel-kahneman-gave-up-on-happiness-1.6528513

lemma:
  https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-why-nobel-prize-winner-daniel-kahneman-gave-up-on-happiness-1.6528513


id: en-wikipedia-org-7322
pos: NN
token:
  lives.https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-why-nobel-prize-winner-daniel-kahneman-gave-up-on-happiness-1.6528513

lemma:
  lives.https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.magazine-why-nobel-prize-winner-daniel-kahneman-gave-up-on-happiness-1.6528513


id: en-wikipedia-org-7322
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/memory-vs-experience-happiness-is-relative#:~:text=The%20contrast%20between%20remembered%20and,gets%20to%20keep%20the%20memories

lemma:
  https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/memory-vs-experience-happiness-is-relative#:~:text=The%20contrast%20between%20remembered%20and,gets%20to%20keep%20the%20memories


id: en-wikipedia-org-7322
pos: NNP
token:
  https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hpw8KEtO7NkC&dq=inauthor%3A%22William+Ralph+Inge%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=particular

lemma:
  https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hpw8KEtO7NkC&dq=inauthor%3A%22William+Ralph+Inge%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=particular


id: en-wikipedia-org-8815
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2019&oldid=928554502

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2019&oldid=928554502


id: en-wikipedia-org-5139
pos: ADD
token:
  https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty-research/sites/faculty-research/files/finance/Macro%20Workshop/Catch22_HANK_wDSGE_1503208.pdf

lemma:
  https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty-research/sites/faculty-research/files/finance/macro%20workshop/catch22_hank_wdsge_1503208.pdf


id: en-wikipedia-org-6448
pos: VB
token:
  http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?cmtitle=Category:Category_name&action=query&list=categorymembers&cmlimit=500&cmprop=title|sortkey|timestamp

lemma:
  http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?cmtitle=category:category_name&action=query&list=categorymembers&cmlimit=500&cmprop=title|sortkey|timestamp


id: en-wikipedia-org-2675
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development&oldid=993791214

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development&oldid=993791214


id: en-wikipedia-org-2904
pos: NNP
token:
  https://web.archive.org/web/20130427100913/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/contenidos/Articulos/sociodemograficas/nacidosenotropais.pdf

lemma:
  https://web.archive.org/web/20130427100913/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/contenidos/Articulos/sociodemograficas/nacidosenotropais.pdf


id: en-wikipedia-org-2832
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers&oldid=974718139

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers&oldid=974718139


id: en-wikipedia-org-1113
pos: NNPS
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_LCCN_identifiers&oldid=961965705

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_LCCN_identifiers&oldid=961965705


id: en-wikipedia-org-408
pos: CD
token:
  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/exercise-is-an-all-natural-treatment-to-fight-depression

lemma:
  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/exercise-is-an-all-natural-treatment-to-fight-depression


id: en-wikipedia-org-3513
pos: NNP
token:
  https://qz.com/india/1041986/wealth-interest-and-greed-the-dharma-of-doing-business-in-medieval-india/

lemma:
  https://qz.com/india/1041986/wealth-interest-and-greed-the-dharma-of-doing-business-in-medieval-india/


id: en-wikipedia-org-3513
pos: ''
token:
  https://partiallyexaminedlife.com/2018/11/23/a-philosophical-horror-story-chaucers-the-pardoners-tale/

lemma:
  https://partiallyexaminedlife.com/2018/11/23/a-philosophical-horror-story-chaucers-the-pardoners-tale/


id: en-wikipedia-org-7991
pos: JJ
token:
  http://www.depts.ttu.edu/rawlsbusiness/news/posts/2010/02/shelby-d-hunts-work-to-be-published-in-the-legends-of-marketing-series.php

lemma:
  http://www.depts.ttu.edu/rawlsbusiness/news/posts/2010/02/shelby-d-hunts-work-to-be-published-in-the-legends-of-marketing-series.php


id: en-wikipedia-org-3630
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.coursera.org/lecture/popularity/what-social-behaviors-make-people-popular-so-quickly-l0ddb}[dead

lemma:
  https://www.coursera.org/lecture/popularity/what-social-behaviors-make-people-popular-so-quickly-l0ddb}[dead


id: en-wikipedia-org-6205
pos: NNP
token:
  http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis64r_81/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=ARD&P21DBN=ARD&Z21ID=&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=DOC/2005/05bobvkk.zip

lemma:
  http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis64r_81/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=ARD&P21DBN=ARD&Z21ID=&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=DOC/2005/05bobvkk.zip


id: en-wikipedia-org-4008
pos: NNP
token:
  http://www.barbarus.org/single-post/2015/08/22/Nostalgia-as-a-way-of-creating-meaning-in-everyday-life

lemma:
  http://www.barbarus.org/single-post/2015/08/22/Nostalgia-as-a-way-of-creating-meaning-in-everyday-life


id: en-wikipedia-org-5691
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/the-markram-interviews-part-one-an-introduction-to-simulation-neuroscience-337350

lemma:
  https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/the-markram-interviews-part-one-an-introduction-to-simulation-neuroscience-337350


id: en-wikipedia-org-5691
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/the-markram-interviews-part-three-the-blue-brain-project-337967

lemma:
  https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/the-markram-interviews-part-three-the-blue-brain-project-337967


id: en-wikipedia-org-5691
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/the-markram-interviews-part-two-simulations-and-experiments-how-can-they-work-together-337452

lemma:
  https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/the-markram-interviews-part-two-simulations-and-experiments-how-can-they-work-together-337452


id: en-wikipedia-org-1139
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society&oldid=993223324#Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society_B

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society&oldid=993223324#Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society_B


id: en-wikipedia-org-3522
pos: NNP
token:
  http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201307/optimism-stabilizes-cortisol-levels-and-lowers-stress

lemma:
  http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201307/optimism-stabilizes-cortisol-levels-and-lowers-stress


id: en-wikipedia-org-1292
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/small-changes-make-a-big-difference-harry-styles-tells-the-story-of-treat-people-with-kindness/078397

lemma:
  https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/small-changes-make-a-big-difference-harry-styles-tells-the-story-of-treat-people-with-kindness/078397


id: en-wikipedia-org-2794
pos: NNP
token:
  blog.sfgate.com/storystudio/2017/08/04/one-type-of-therapy-is-tackling-autism-dementia-and-so-much-more/.

lemma:
  blog.sfgate.com/storystudio/2017/08/04/one-type-of-therapy-is-tackling-autism-dementia-and-so-much-more/.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2794
pos: FW
token:
  http://archive.webpronews.com/it/itmanagement/wpn-18-20040302ManagingITAccordingtoaHierarchyofNeeds.html

lemma:
  http://archive.webpronews.com/it/itmanagement/wpn-18-20040302managingitaccordingtoahierarchyofneeds.html


id: en-wikipedia-org-586
pos: CD
token:
  1-({(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-16-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-13-[(1S)-1-methylpropyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl}carbonyl)-L

lemma:
  1-({(4r,7s,10s,13s,16s,19r)-19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-16-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-13-[(1s)-1-methylpropyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl}carbonyl)-l


id: en-wikipedia-org-586
pos: NNP
token:
  CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccc(O)cc2)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC1

lemma:
  CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccc(O)cc2)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC1


id: en-wikipedia-org-586
pos: NN
token:
  4H3,(H2,45,57)(H2,46,58)(H2,47,59)(H,48,61)(H,49,66)(H,50,60)(H,51,62)(H,52,65)(H,53,63)(H,54,64)/t22-,25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,35-/m0

lemma:
  4h3,(h2,45,57)(h2,46,58)(h2,47,59)(h,48,61)(h,49,66)(h,50,60)(h,51,62)(h,52,65)(h,53,63)(h,54,64)/t22-,25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,35-/m0


id: en-wikipedia-org-7748
pos: NN
token:
  http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/07/was-the-dear-leader-photoshopped-in/?scp=7&sq=Kim%20Jong-il&st=cse

lemma:
  http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/07/was-the-dear-leader-photoshopped-in/?scp=7&sq=kim%20jong-il&st=cse


id: en-wikipedia-org-7748
pos: ``
token:
  https://web.archive.org/web/20080512170752/http://newweb2.si.umich.edu/rieh/papers/rieh_IBTheory.pdf

lemma:
  https://web.archive.org/web/20080512170752/http://newweb2.si.umich.edu/rieh/papers/rieh_IBTheory.pdf


id: ja-wikipedia-org-5956
pos: NNP
token:
  1]しようとする意図をもっていないという期待」のうち、相手が自分を搾取しようとすることが相手自身にとっての不利益になるからそうしないだろうという期待、すなわち「相手の自己利益の評価」にもとづく期待を「安心」（assurance）、「相手の人格や相手が自分に対してもつ感情についての評価」にもとづく期待を「信頼」（trust）として、安心と信頼を区別して考察する。[1

lemma:
  1]しようとする意図をもっていないという期待」のうち、相手が自分を搾取しようとすることが相手自身にとっての不利益になるからそうしないだろうという期待、すなわち「相手の自己利益の評価」にもとづく期待を「安心」（assurance）、「相手の人格や相手が自分に対してもつ感情についての評価」にもとづく期待を「信頼」（trust）として、安心と信頼を区別して考察する。[1


id: ja-wikipedia-org-5956
pos: NNP
token:
  2]、欧米では信頼の崩壊が[2]、旧社会主義国では中央権力の弱体化による安心の崩壊が[3]起こっており、日本社会では閉鎖的な社会から開かれた社会への移行が課題になっている[4]とする。山岸は、「集団主義社会[5]は安心を生み出すが信頼を破壊する」[6]がこの本で言おうとするメッセージだとして、他人を信頼する正直者が馬鹿を見ない開かれた社会を目指し[7]、社会的知性[8]に裏打ちされた「一般的信頼」[7]が集団主義的関係、すなわち

lemma:
  2]、欧米では信頼の崩壊が[2]、旧社会主義国では中央権力の弱体化による安心の崩壊が[3]起こっており、日本社会では閉鎖的な社会から開かれた社会への移行が課題になっている[4]とする。山岸は、「集団主義社会[5]は安心を生み出すが信頼を破壊する」[6]がこの本で言おうとするメッセージだとして、他人を信頼する正直者が馬鹿を見ない開かれた社会を目指し[7]、社会的知性[8]に裏打ちされた「一般的信頼」[7]が集団主義的関係、すなわち


id: en-wikipedia-org-4861
pos: NNP
token:
  https://web.archive.org/20111002220833/http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/erickson.shtml

lemma:
  https://web.archive.org/20111002220833/http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/erickson.shtml


id: en-wikipedia-org-5569
pos: NN
token:
  https://www.abukhadeejah.com/who-are-the-true-ghuraba-the-strangers-in-these-times-islam-began-as-something-strange-and-it-will-return-to-being-strange-just-as-it-began/

lemma:
  https://www.abukhadeejah.com/who-are-the-true-ghuraba-the-strangers-in-these-times-islam-began-as-something-strange-and-it-will-return-to-being-strange-just-as-it-began/


id: en-wikipedia-org-1870
pos: NNP
token:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License&oldid=880226358

lemma:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License&oldid=880226358


id: zh-wikipedia-org-3287
pos: NNP
token:
  善意讓信任者確信被信任者不會傷害自己且會保護自己的利益，因而願意信任對方。善意的表現再更進一步就是慈悲心的流露，慈悲心是指被信任者不以自利為導向，而會以信任者或共同利益為優先，善意可以被視為人際信任產生之關鍵；缺乏善意之信任，只可被視為信心

lemma:
  善意讓信任者確信被信任者不會傷害自己且會保護自己的利益，因而願意信任對方。善意的表現再更進一步就是慈悲心的流露，慈悲心是指被信任者不以自利為導向，而會以信任者或共同利益為優先，善意可以被視為人際信任產生之關鍵；缺乏善意之信任，只可被視為信心


id: zh-wikipedia-org-3287
pos: NNP
token:
  如果僅是一廂情願的相信他人而無任何的懷疑，將會導致危機或加劇信任濫用的情形，當信任者在交換過程中獲得被信任者值得信任的證據，如口碑、意圖、能力、可靠性，及前述的善意等，然後信任者會依其信任傾向來決定是否信任對方

lemma:
  如果僅是一廂情願的相信他人而無任何的懷疑，將會導致危機或加劇信任濫用的情形，當信任者在交換過程中獲得被信任者值得信任的證據，如口碑、意圖、能力、可靠性，及前述的善意等，然後信任者會依其信任傾向來決定是否信任對方


id: zh-wikipedia-org-3287
pos: NNP
token:
  個人的情感狀態會影響信任經驗，並影響對被信任者可信任性的判斷。這與前述之理性面向的論點並不矛盾，認知性及情感性的元素同時存在於人際信任之中，如果只有情感而沒有理性認知，信任就成了盲目的信心，反過來說，如果只有理性認知而沒有情感性元素，則信任只是冷血的預測，因此信任通常是情感及理性思考之混合體

lemma:
  個人的情感狀態會影響信任經驗，並影響對被信任者可信任性的判斷。這與前述之理性面向的論點並不矛盾，認知性及情感性的元素同時存在於人際信任之中，如果只有情感而沒有理性認知，信任就成了盲目的信心，反過來說，如果只有理性認知而沒有情感性元素，則信任只是冷血的預測，因此信任通常是情感及理性思考之混合體


id: www-worldcat-org-1419
pos: NNP
token:
  http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/3873668932#CreativeWork\/philosophical_quarterly_1950_online

lemma:
  http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/3873668932#CreativeWork\/philosophical_quarterly_1950_online


id: www-worldcat-org-1284
pos: NNP
token:
  \n\nhttp:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/-\/oclc\/781934829#PublicationEvent\/atascadero_ca_ridgeview_1987

lemma:
  \n\nhttp:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/-\/oclc\/781934829#PublicationEvent\/atascadero_ca_ridgeview_1987


id: www-worldcat-org-4609
pos: NNP
token:
  http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/10793053591#Organization\/princeton_university_princeton_n_j

lemma:
  http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/10793053591#Organization\/princeton_university_princeton_n_j


id: www-worldcat-org-4609
pos: NNP
token:
  http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/10793053591#Series\/philosophy_and_public_affairs

lemma:
  http:\/\/experiment.worldcat.org\/entity\/work\/data\/10793053591#Series\/philosophy_and_public_affairs


id: www-worldcat-org-4609
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# bib

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title: Trust, Power and Control in Trans-Organizational Relations | Semantic Scholar
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  Trust, Power and Control in Trans-Organizational Relations | Semantic Scholar Corpus ID: 5657206Trust, Power and Control in Trans-Organizational Relations title={Trust, Power and Control in Trans-Organizational Relations}, This paper analyzes trust and power as means of co-ordinating trans-organizational relationships. It is argued that, depending on the institutional environment, there are two distinct patterns of controlling relationships, where trust and power are interrelated in quite different ways. Trust and power as means of co-ordinating the internal relations of the organization: a conceptual framework The Role of Trust and Power in the Institutional Regulation of Territorial Business Systems Understanding Institutional-based Trust Building Processes in Inter-organizational Relationships Cooperation and Coordination : The role of trust in inter-organizational relationships View 5 excerpts, cites background View 5 excerpts, cites background View 5 excerpts, cites background View 5 excerpts, cites background View 5 excerpts, cites background View 1 excerpt, references background View 1 excerpt, references background


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title: Group-Based Trust in Strangers | Semantic Scholar
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  Group-Based Trust in Strangers | Semantic Scholar Corpus ID: 29922902Group-Based Trust in Strangers title={Group-Based Trust in Strangers}, Across two studies, we provide evidence for group-based trust in strangers. This preference occurred regardless of whether the stereotype of the in-group was relatively more positive or more negative… CONTINUE READING Citation Type Citation Type Sort by Most Influenced Papers Sort by Citation Count Trust toward a group of strangers as a function of stereotype-based social identification Two experimental tests of trust in in‐group strangers: The moderating role of common knowledge of group membership View 2 excerpts, cites results and background View 2 excerpts, cites results and background View 1 excerpt, cites methods View 2 excerpts, cites background Affectand Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI.


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  [PDF] The Dynamics of Contractual and Relational Governance: Evidence From Long-Term Public-Private Procurement Arrangements | Semantic Scholar Corpus ID: 207472262The Dynamics of Contractual and Relational Governance: Evidence From Long-Term Public-Private Procurement Arrangements title={The Dynamics of Contractual and Relational Governance: Evidence From Long-Term Public-Private Procurement Arrangements}, This paper investigates the detail and dynamics of how contractual and relational governance mechanisms are deployed in managing complex, long-term public–private supply arrangements. Using empirical data from two UK Private Finance Initiative (PFI) cases, the paper analyses the interplay of governance mechanisms along a timeline of project phases. The Dynamics of Inter-Organisational Governance: Contractual and Relational Mechanisms in Public-Private Supply Arrangements Interplay of relational and contractual governance in public-private partnerships: The mediating role of relational norms, trust and partners'' contribution View 7 excerpts, cites background, results and methods View 4 excerpts, cites background and methods Toward a unified theory of project governance: economic, sociological and psychological supports for relational contracting

title:
  [PDF] The Dynamics of Contractual and Relational Governance: Evidence From Long-Term Public-Private Procurement Arrangements | Semantic Scholar


id: api-semanticscholar-org-4874
title: [PDF] Oxytocin increases trust in humans | Semantic Scholar
txt: ./txt/api-semanticscholar-org-4874.txt
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  [PDF] Oxytocin increases trust in humans | Semantic Scholar Corpus ID: 1234727Oxytocin increases trust in humans title={Oxytocin increases trust in humans}, Much recent evidence indicates that trust contributes to economic, political and social success. Figures, Tables, and Topics from this paper. Oxytocin Intranasal Administrations in Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome Aged From 3 to 12 Years Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin Administration on Social Influence Effects on Pain Sort by Most Influenced Papers Oxytocin and the Biological Basis for Interpersonal and Political Trust Oxytocin Facilitates Social Learning by Promoting Conformity to Trusted Individuals U-Shaped Relation between Plasma Oxytocin Levels and Behavior in the Trust Game Does Oxytocin Increase Trust in Humans? View 4 excerpts, cites background and results View 4 excerpts, cites background and results View 4 excerpts, cites background and results Oxytocin, vasopressin and trust: Associations with aggressive behavior in healthy young males On the Economics and Biology of Trust


id: api-semanticscholar-org-5167
txt: ./txt/api-semanticscholar-org-5167.txt
cache: ./cache/api-semanticscholar-org-5167.html
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summary:
  Revisiting the Interplay between Contractual and Relational Governance: A Qualitative and Meta-Analytic Investigation | Semantic Scholar Corpus ID: 12536364Revisiting the Interplay between Contractual and Relational Governance: A Qualitative and Meta-Analytic Investigation title={Revisiting the Interplay between Contractual and Relational Governance: A Qualitative and Meta-Analytic Investigation}, Although extant literature has shown that formal contracts and relational governance play a key role in interorganizational relationships, the nature of their interplay still remains equivocal. To better understand the relationships between contractual and relational governance, we conducted a qualitative review and meta-analysis of the existing literature. Interplay of relational and contractual governance in public-private partnerships: The mediating role of relational norms, trust and partners'' contribution View 19 excerpts, cites background, methods and results The dynamics of relational and contractual governance mechanisms in knowledge sharing of collaborative R&D projects View 5 excerpts, references background and methods View 5 excerpts, references background and methods The determinants of relational governance and performance: How to manage business relationships?

title:
  Revisiting the Interplay between Contractual and Relational Governance: A Qualitative and Meta-Analytic Investigation | Semantic Scholar


id: api-semanticscholar-org-5434
title: Trust and Antitrust | Semantic Scholar
txt: ./txt/api-semanticscholar-org-5434.txt
cache: ./cache/api-semanticscholar-org-5434.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Trust and Antitrust | Semantic Scholar Corpus ID: 159454549Trust and Antitrust Whether or not everything which matters to us is the sort of thing that can thrive or languish (I may care most about my stamp collection) or even whether all the possibly thriving things we care about need trust in order to thrive (does my rubber tree?), there surely is something basically right about Bok''s claim. The Ethical Importance of Trust for a Patient''s Sense of Autonomy Citation Type Citation Type Sort by Most Influenced Papers Sort by Citation Count View 7 excerpts, cites background View 7 excerpts, cites background View 7 excerpts, cites background Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our Privacy Policy, Terms of Service, and Dataset License


id: api-semanticscholar-org-7485
title: Happy as an Extraverted Clam? | Semantic Scholar
txt: ./txt/api-semanticscholar-org-7485.txt
cache: ./cache/api-semanticscholar-org-7485.html
extension: .html
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summary:
  Personality characteristics, especially the traits of extraversion and neuroticism, have been proposed as the primary determinant of subjective wellbeing (SWB). The Conceptual and Relational Structure of Subjective Well-Being, Neuroticism, and Extraversion: Once Again, Neuroticism Is the Important Predictor of Happiness View 4 excerpts, cites background View 4 excerpts, cites background View 4 excerpts, cites background View 4 excerpts, cites background The happy personality: a meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology View 3 excerpts, references background and methods View 3 excerpts, references background and methods View 1 excerpt, references background View 1 excerpt, references background View 1 excerpt, references background View 1 excerpt, references background Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our Privacy Policy, Terms of Service, and Dataset License


id: api-semanticscholar-org-886
title: [PDF] Psychological Foundations of Trust | Semantic Scholar
txt: ./txt/api-semanticscholar-org-886.txt
cache: ./cache/api-semanticscholar-org-886.html
extension: .html
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summary:
  [PDF] Psychological Foundations of Trust | Semantic Scholar Corpus ID: 45119866Psychological Foundations of Trust title={Psychological Foundations of Trust}, journal={Current Directions in Psychological Science}, Current Directions in Psychological Science Despite its great theoretical importance, a limited amount of research has examined how and why trust develops, is maintained, and occasionally unravels in relationships. Sort by Most Influenced Papers The Psychology (and Economics) of Trust View 7 excerpts, cites background and results View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background Trust in close relationships. View 2 excerpts, references background View 2 excerpts, references background View 2 excerpts, references background View 2 excerpts, references background View 2 excerpts, references background By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our Privacy Policy, Terms of Service, and Dataset License


id: api-semanticscholar-org-8873
title: The Economics of Trust, Norms and Networks | Semantic Scholar
txt: ./txt/api-semanticscholar-org-8873.txt
cache: ./cache/api-semanticscholar-org-8873.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  The Economics of Trust, Norms and Networks | Semantic Scholar Corpus ID: 153788522The Economics of Trust, Norms and Networks The theme of this paper is that trust, norms and networks are critical contributors to social capital, itself a critical determinant of economic growth. Numerous factors have contributed in recent years to the decline of social capital, restraining business and national competitiveness. It is in the interests and part of the responsibility of business to address this issue; this provides an economic imperative complementary to the ethical imperative for business to take socially responsible… CONTINUE READING View 7 excerpts, cites background View 7 excerpts, cites background View 7 excerpts, cites background Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? View 5 excerpts, references background and methods View 1 excerpt, references background View 1 excerpt, references background View 1 excerpt, references background View 1 excerpt, references background View 1 excerpt, references background


id: api-semanticscholar-org-939
title: [PDF] At What Level (and in Whom) We Trust | Semantic Scholar
txt: ./txt/api-semanticscholar-org-939.txt
cache: ./cache/api-semanticscholar-org-939.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  [PDF] At What Level (and in Whom) We Trust | Semantic Scholar A systematic review of trust research across levels and trust referents is sorely needed to synthesize the growing number of both micro and macro studies on this topic. Moreover, as trust is a linchpin for divergent areas, such as negotiation, leadership, team processes, human resource management, organizational change, entrepreneurship, and… CONTINUE READING Sort by Most Influenced Papers Sort by Citation Count The Positive Impact of Organizational Trust: a Systematic Review Vertical Trust Within Organizations and Performance: A Systematic Review Interpersonal trust within negotiations: : Meta-analytic evidence, critical contingencies, and directions for future research. View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background View 1 excerpt, cites background Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration Trust in leadership: meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice.


id: archive-org-2632
txt: ./txt/archive-org-2632.txt
cache: ./cache/archive-org-2632.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  : Coronet Instructional Films : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive See what''s new with book lending at the Internet Archive In 2020 the Internet Archive has seen unprecedented use—and we need your help. By submitting, you agree to receive donor-related emails from the Internet Archive. An illustration of two cells of a film strip. Internet Archive''s in-browser Provides examples of trustworthiness--returning borrowed articles, keeping promises and doing a good job with assigned tasks. Ken Smith notes: This film follows young "Eddie" as he learns to become trustworthy. "Am I Trustworthy" is a cute little instructional film Upset boy + perfect dad + narrator to explain = classic social guidance film. Eddie is somewhat less polished than the typical Coronet child actor and his club is one of those generic young peoples'' clubs that exists only in films like this. I love Coronet guidance films. ITEM TILE download 

title:
  Am I Trustworthy? : Coronet Instructional Films : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive


id: archive-org-5961
txt: ./txt/archive-org-5961.txt
cache: ./cache/archive-org-5961.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  On the origins of human emotions : a sociological inquiry into the evolution of human affect : Turner, Jonathan H : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive See what''s new with book lending at the Internet Archive In 2020 the Internet Archive has seen unprecedented use—and we need your help. —Brewster Kahle, Founder, Internet Archive By submitting, you agree to receive donor-related emails from the Internet Archive. A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. An illustration of an open book. Search text contents Search archived websites Share or Embed This Item EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item <description> tags) Internet Archive In this book the author argues that our ability to use a wide array of emotions evolved long before spoken language and, in fact, constituted a preadaptation for the speech and culture that developed among later hominids. Republisher_date station22.cebu.archive.org plus-circle Add Review Books for People with Print Disabilities Internet Archive Books

title:
  On the origins of human emotions : a sociological inquiry into the evolution of human affect : Turner, Jonathan H : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive


id: archive-ouverte-unige-ch-7015
title: Oxytocin increases trust in humans | Archive ouverte UNIGE
txt: ./txt/archive-ouverte-unige-ch-7015.txt
cache: ./cache/archive-ouverte-unige-ch-7015.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Oxytocin increases trust in humans | Archive ouverte UNIGE Archive ouverte UNIGE Search Advanced search Open Access & Copyright HomeTitles listOxytocin increases trust in humans Authors Kosfeld, Michael Trust pervades human societies1,2. Trust is indispensable in friendship, love, families and organizations, and plays a key role in economic exchange and politics3. Little is known, however, about the biological basis of trust among humans. We also show that the effect of oxytocin on trust is not due to a general increase in the readiness to bear risks. Article (Published version) (310 Kb) Free access (ISO format) KOSFELD, Michael et al. Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Oxytocin increases trust in humans. In: Nature, 2005, vol. doi: 10.1038/nature03701 https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:101739 Update If you are one of the authors'' document, you have the possibility to update some of its metadata by using the editor form. Plain text citation Chicago 15th Edition (Author-Date System)


id: ar-wikipedia-org-1377
title: ثقة (علم الاجتماع) - ويكيبيديا
txt: ./txt/ar-wikipedia-org-1377.txt
cache: ./cache/ar-wikipedia-org-1377.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  ثقة (علم الاجتماع) ويكيبيديا ثقة (علم الاجتماع) الثقة هي علاقة اعتماد بين اثنان، الشخص المؤتمن عليه من المفترض ان يفى بوعده، هي رمز وقيمة اخلاقية وايفاء بالوعود.[1][2][3] علم الاجتماع[عدل] في علم الاجتماع أو علم النفس تكون درجة ثقة الشخص في الاخر هي معيار ايمانه وتصديقه لامانة الشخص الاخر. في هذه الحالة، الثقة بين الإنسان والآلة ليس لها معنى، لان الحاسبات ليس عندها حس اخلاقى وتعتمد على الحسابات العقلية. نظرة أخرى في نظرية الاجتماع تأتى من القواعد الأساسية لنظرية الاجتماع لجيمس كوليمان. هذه المناقشات كانت مفيدة في تفسير الثقة بين الإنسان والاخر. علم النفس[عدل] في علم النفس الثقة هي تكاملية للتأثير الاجتماعى فهى التي تسهل التأثير أو الإقناع لشخص بالاتمئان على شخص آخر. وهذا يوضح التناظر بين بناء وتدمير الثقة. Scientific report, University of Minnesota.نسخة محفوظة 2011-09-30 على موقع واي باك مشين.[وصلة مكسورة] أخلاقيات علم الأحياء بوابة علم النفس بوابة علم الاجتماع بوابة علم النفس/مقالات متعلقة بوابة علم الاجتماع/مقالات متعلقة


id: ast-wikipedia-org-8320
title: Enfotu - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/ast-wikipedia-org-8320.txt
cache: ./cache/ast-wikipedia-org-8320.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Pues añadiles tu mesmu o avisar al autor principal del artículu na so páxina d''alderique pegando: {{subst:Avisu referencies|Enfotu}} ~~~~ En socioloxía y psicoloxía social, la enfotu ye la creencia en qu''una persona o grupu va ser capaz y va deseyar actuar de manera fayadiza nuna determinada situación y pensamientos. L''enfotu va vese más o menos reforzada en función de les aiciones. L''enfotu ye una hipótesis sobre la conducta futura del otru. L''enfotu ye la seguridá escontra una persona firme que daquién tien escontra otra persona o cosa. Pa la psicoloxía social y la socioloxía, l''enfotu ye una hipótesis que se realiza sobre la conducta futura del próximu. L''enfotu supón una suspensión, siquier temporal, de la incertidume al respective de les aiciones de los demás. L''enfotu, poro, simplifica les rellaciones sociales. Categoríes anubríes: Wikipedia:Artículos que necesiten referencies dende xunetu de 2016 Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN


id: be-wikipedia-org-1113
title: Давер — Вікіпедыя
txt: ./txt/be-wikipedia-org-1113.txt
cache: ./cache/be-wikipedia-org-1113.html
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mime: text/html
summary:
  Давер — Вікіпедыя Давер — характар адносін паміж сацыяльнымі суб''ектамі (асобамі, сацыяльнымі групамі і інстытутамі); у больш канкрэтнай форме — гэта адносіны аднаго чалавека да другога (партнёра, кіраўніка, сябра), заснаваныя на перакананасці ў яго праваце, вернасці і добрасумленнасці. Шчырасць у характары адносін можа існаваць толькі тады, калі суб''екты адносін перакананы ў тым, што могуць з вялікай ступенню імавернасці прагназаваць паводзіны іншых людзей і калі партнёры прытрымліваюцца агульнапрынятых маральных прынцыпаў добрасумленнасці, гонару і інш. Псіхолагі лічаць, што ў аснове даверу ляжаць разуменне і веданне іншых людзей. Здольнасць праяўляць давер у розных людзей неаднолькавая. Упэўнены ў сабе чалавек здольны больш лаяльна ставіцца да іншых людзей, найперш заўважаць у іх дадатныя рысы, а не недахопы. Давер адыгрывае важную ролю ў выхаванні чалавека. Схаваная катэгорыя: Старонкі, на якіх ужыты чароўныя спасылкі ISBN Асабістыя прылады Правіць зыходнік Новыя старонкі Адмысловыя старонкі Звесткі пра старонку У іншых праектах На іншых мовах Правіць спасылкі Пра Вікіпедыю


id: bg-wikipedia-org-3853
title: Доверие – Уикипедия
txt: ./txt/bg-wikipedia-org-3853.txt
cache: ./cache/bg-wikipedia-org-3853.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Доверие – Уикипедия от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия Направо към навигацията Направо към търсенето В случай на човешки взаимоотношения доверието се отнася най-често за честност и искреност от друга страна към нас.[1] Източници[редактиране | редактиране на кода] Външни препратки[редактиране | редактиране на кода] В Общомедия има медийни файлове относно Доверие Тази статия, свързана с психология, все още е мъниче. Помогнете на Уикипедия, като я редактирате и разширите. Скръб Мирова скръб Скрити категории: Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN Портал:Психология/Тематични статии Препратки с меташаблони Лични инструменти Създаване на сметка Статия Редактиране на кода Случайна статия За Уикипедия Последни промени Нова статия Инструменти Свързани промени Информация за страницата Създаване на книга В други проекти На други езици English Simple English Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 11 май 2020 г. може да са приложени допълнителни условия. За подробности вижте Условия за ползване. За контакт с Уикипедия


id: books-google-com-3378
txt: ./txt/books-google-com-3378.txt
cache: ./cache/books-google-com-3378.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Models of Bounded Rationality: Empirically grounded economic reason Herbert Alexander Simon Google Books Search Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More » Sign in Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features Try it now No thanks Try the new Google Books Try the new Google Books Try the new Google Books Help Advanced Book Search Get print book No eBook available The MIT Press Amazon.com Barnes&Noble.com Books-A-Million IndieBound Find in a library Find in a library All sellers » 0 ReviewsWrite review Models of Bounded Rationality: Empirically grounded economic reason By Herbert Alexander Simon About this book About this book Get Textbooks on Google Play Rent and save from the world''s largest eBookstore. Go to Google Play Now » Pages displayed by permission of MIT Press. Page 1 Restricted Page You have reached your viewing limit for this book (why?).

title:
  Models of Bounded Rationality: Empirically grounded economic reason - Herbert Alexander Simon - Google Books


id: books-google-com-5212
title: Trust and Trustworthiness - Russell Hardin - Google Books
txt: ./txt/books-google-com-5212.txt
cache: ./cache/books-google-com-5212.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Trust and Trustworthiness Russell Hardin Google Books Search Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More » Sign in Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features Try it now No thanks Try the new Google Books Try the new Google Books Try the new Google Books Help Advanced Book Search Buy eBook $16.17 Get this book in print Russell Sage Foundation Amazon.com Barnes&Noble.com $29.95 Books-A-Million IndieBound Find in a library Find in a library All sellers » 0 ReviewsWrite review Trust and Trustworthiness By Russell Hardin About this book About this book Terms of Service Pages displayed by permission of Russell Sage Foundation. Copyright. Page ix


id: books-google-com-8493
title: Trust: Forms, Foundations, Functions, Failures and Figures - B. Nooteboom - Google Books
txt: ./txt/books-google-com-8493.txt
cache: ./cache/books-google-com-8493.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Nooteboom Google Books Search Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More » Sign in Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features Try it now No thanks Try the new Google Books Try the new Google Books Try the new Google Books Help Advanced Book Search Buy eBook $30.08 Get this book in print Access Online via Elgaronline Amazon.com Barnes&Noble.com Books-A-Million IndieBound Find in a library Find in a library All sellers » 0 ReviewsWrite review Trust: Forms, Foundations, Functions, Failures and Figures Trust: Forms, Foundations, Functions, Failures and Figures Nooteboom About this book About this book Terms of Service Pages displayed by permission of Edward Elgar Publishing. Copyright. Page 54 Restricted Page You have reached your viewing limit for this book (why?).


id: ca-wikipedia-org-7318
title: Confiança - Viquipèdia, l''enciclopèdia lliure
txt: ./txt/ca-wikipedia-org-7318.txt
cache: ./cache/ca-wikipedia-org-7318.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Confiança Viquipèdia, l''enciclopèdia lliure Salta a la navegació La confiança[1] és un sentiment cap a les altres persones que indica la creença que compliran els acords, tàcits o explícits, en què es basa la relació o que seran capaces de fer una tasca concreta. Aquesta confiança també es dóna en altres espècies animals però no es considera com a tal perquè depèn de l''instint, no és conscient com en el cas dels humans. Quan la confiança està més enllà de la racionalitat, això s''anomena fe. Els individus capaços de generar confiança en els altres tenen més poder, ja que poden influir la resta de persones. Això explica per què hi ha gent amb més problemes per a confiar en altres, segons les experiències passades. A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Confiança A Viquidites hi ha citacions, dites populars i frases fetes relatives a Confiança Categories ocultes: Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata Citau aquest article En altres projectes


id: citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-7511
title: CiteSeerX — An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust
txt: ./txt/citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-7511.txt
cache: ./cache/citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-7511.html
extension: .html
mime: application/xhtml+xml
summary:
  CiteSeerX — An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust Log in Sign up MetaCart Donate Documents: Documents: Authors: Authors: Advanced Search Advanced Search Include Citations | Include Citations | Disambiguate Tables: Tables: DMCA DMCA An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust (1995) Cached Download Links [people.wku.edu] [people.wku.edu] Save to List Add to Collection Correct Errors Monitor Changes Roger C. Mayer James H. Venue: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW Citations: 1225 1 self Summary Active Bibliography Co-citation Co-citation Clustered Documents Version History BibTeX @ARTICLE{Mayer95anintegrative, author = {Roger C. Mayer and James H. Davis and F. Davis and F. David Schoorman}, David Schoorman}, title = {An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust}, journal = {ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW}, year = {1995}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {709--734} Share OpenURL Abstract Keyphrases integrative model organizational trust Powered by: About CiteSeerX Submit and Index Documents Privacy Policy Help Data Source Contact Us


id: citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-7514
title: CiteSeerX — Contracting with uncertain level of trust
txt: ./txt/citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-7514.txt
cache: ./cache/citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-7514.html
extension: .html
mime: application/xhtml+xml
summary:
  CiteSeerX — Contracting with uncertain level of trust author = {Sviatoslav Braynov}, The paper investigates the impact of trust on market efficiency and bilateral contracts. In other words, complete trustworthiness is not a necessary condition for market efficiency. We prove that distrust could significantly reduce market efficiency, and we show how to solve the problem by using appropriately designed multiagent contracts. It is shown that if the seller''s trust equals the buyer''s trustworthiness, then the social welfare, the amount of trade, and the agents '' utility functions are maximized. The paper also studies the efficiency of advance payment contracts as a tool for improving trustworthiness. It is proved that advance payment contracts maximize the social welfare and the amount of trade. The analysis and the solutions proposed in this paper could help agent designers avoid many market failures and produce efficient interaction mechanisms.


id: citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-899
title: CiteSeerX — Experimental Tests of a Sequential Equilibrium Reputation Model
txt: ./txt/citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-899.txt
cache: ./cache/citeseerx-ist-psu-edu-899.html
extension: .html
mime: application/xhtml+xml
summary:
  CiteSeerX — Experimental Tests of a Sequential Equilibrium Reputation Model Log in Sign up MetaCart Donate Documents: Documents: Authors: Authors: Advanced Search Advanced Search Include Citations | Include Citations | Disambiguate Tables: Tables: DMCA DMCA Experimental Tests of a Sequential Equilibrium Reputation Model (1988) Cached Download Links [www.eief.it] Save to List Add to Collection Correct Errors Monitor Changes Author(s) Colin Camerer Camerer Keith Weigelt Keith Weigelt Venue: Econometrica Citations: 189 16 self Summary Active Bibliography Co-citation Co-citation Clustered Documents Version History BibTeX @ARTICLE{Camerer88experimentaltests, author = {Author(s) Colin Camerer and Keith Weigelt and Camerer and Keith Weigelt}, title = {Experimental Tests of a Sequential Equilibrium Reputation Model}, journal = {Econometrica}, year = {1988}, pages = {1--36} Share OpenURL Abstract Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR''s Terms and Conditions of Use, available at Keyphrases sequential equilibrium reputation model experimental test About CiteSeerX Submit and Index Documents


id: commons-wikimedia-org-8888
title: Category:Trust - Wikimedia Commons
txt: ./txt/commons-wikimedia-org-8888.txt
cache: ./cache/commons-wikimedia-org-8888.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Category:Trust Wikimedia Commons trust assumption of and reliance on the honesty of another party Media in category "Trust" The following 130 files are in this category, out of 130 total. Country-level estimates of trust, OWID.svg Fig 185 can most people be trusted.JPG Levels of trust are higher in more equal rich countries.jpg Levels of trust are higher in more equal US states.jpg National Trust Camp.jpg National Trust India.jpg National Trust Organ Donation.jpg National Trust Organ Donation.jpg National Trust Pallavaram Camp.jpg National Trust Pallavaram.jpg National Trust Sathish Kumar.jpg National Trust.jpg Sai Guru Trust Sai Mandir 15.jpg Sai Guru Trust Sai Mandir 15.jpg Sai Guru Trust Sai Mandir 15.jpg Share of people agreeing with the statement "most people can be trusted", OWID.svg Trust panoramio.jpg Trust in others in Europe, OWID.svg Trust youth !.jpg Trust-balance-help.pdf Trust-related word grid.jpg TRUST.jpg TRUST.jpg TRUST.jpg This page was last edited on 1 July 2018, at 08:41.


id: cs-wikipedia-org-3521
title: Důvěra – Wikipedie
txt: ./txt/cs-wikipedia-org-3521.txt
cache: ./cache/cs-wikipedia-org-3521.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Jelikož pojem důvěra zasahuje do mnoha vědeckých oblastí, jako je sociologie, psychologie, ekonomie, politologie či filosofie, existuje tak i několik náhledů na jeho vymezení, odvíjející se nejenom od studijních oborů, ale i od teoretiků samotných (viz Vývoj pojmu). Modernější chápání důvěry můžeme spatřit u francouzského myslitele Blaise Pascala v 16.století, který ji pojímá jako spojení víry a rizika.[1] Velký sociologický slovník vymezuje důvěru jako „typ postoje a zároveň mezilidského vztahu, který vyvolává pocit jistoty plynoucí z přesvědčení, že partner komunikace (osoba, instituce) splní určitá očekávání".[2] Různých výměrů pojmu je celá řada, všechny se ale shodují v tom, že se jedná o pocitový vztah k okolí, který se zakládá na předpokladu, že okolí dodrží námi očekávané modely chování a jednání. Interpersonální důvěra[editovat | editovat zdroj] Důvěra ve společnost jako celek[editovat | editovat zdroj] Důvěra a genderové rozdíly[editovat | editovat zdroj]


id: da-wikipedia-org-754
title: Tillid - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi
txt: ./txt/da-wikipedia-org-754.txt
cache: ./cache/da-wikipedia-org-754.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Ifølge Gert Tinggaard Svendsen, som er professor i statskundskab ved Århus Universitet, har danskernes høj tillid til hinanden. Kontrol koster meget, men har man i et samfund gensidigt tillid til hinanden, kan meget kontrol spares. Ifølge et speciale af Maria Emilie Arup fra Århus Universitet, har vestjyder i Ringkøbing-Skjern Kommune den højeste tillid i Danmark til fremmede (91%), i forhold til landsgennemsnittet på 76%.[5] Jeg kan bedre lide ordet tillid, der på græsk er det samme ord som tro. Løgstrup kalder derfor tilliden for en "suveræn livsytring"...Tillid er med andre ord ikke et produkt af tilfældige samfundsforhold eller et resultat af det enkelte menneskes psykologiske konstitution, men er et fænomen, der så at sige er indbygget i selve tilværelsen..." Jeg har omskrevet det til ''kontrol er godt, men tillid er billigere''...", backup Skjulte kategorier: Wikipedia artikler med LCCN autoritetsdata-ID


id: de-wikipedia-org-6794
title: Vertrauen – Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/de-wikipedia-org-6794.txt
cache: ./cache/de-wikipedia-org-6794.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Vertrauen bezeichnet die subjektive Überzeugung (oder auch das Gefühl für oder Glaube an die) von der Richtigkeit, Wahrheit von Handlungen, Einsichten und Aussagen bzw. Hierbei hat der Interaktionspartner die Möglichkeit, eine Verhaltensalternative auszuwählen, die für das vertrauende Individuum mit negativen Konsequenzen verbunden sein kann; das ist das Risiko des Vertrauenden in dieser kommunikativen Struktur. Vertrauen ist aber auch mehr als nur Glaube oder Hoffnung, es benötigt immer eine Grundlage, die sog. Vertrauen als Konglomerat von Gefühl und den assoziativ zugrundeliegenden Erfahrungen, kann sich in frühen Kindheitserfahrungen im Kontakt mit wichtigen Bezugspersonen (das Grundvertrauen/Urvertrauen) bilden. Aber es ist eine Grundlage für die folgenden „echten Formen" von Vertrauen. Vertrauen als mittlerer Zustand zwischen Wissen und Nichtwissen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten] Vertrauen als Mechanismus der Reduktion von Komplexität[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten] In der Politikwissenschaft ist vor allem das als Institutionenvertrauen bezeichnete Vertrauen der Bevölkerung in die Fähigkeit von Institutionen, Kontrolle über Ressourcen, Handlungen und Ereignisse im Sinne der Bevölkerung auszuüben, wichtig.


id: d-nb-info-404
title: DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
txt: ./txt/d-nb-info-404.txt
cache: ./cache/d-nb-info-404.html
extension: .html
mime: application/xhtml+xml
summary:
  DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Kontakt Träger / Förderer Datenschutz Impressum English Katalog Einfache Suche Erweiterte Suche Browsen (DDC) Suchverlauf Meine Auswahl Hilfe Hilfe Datenshop Mein Konto Mein Konto Ablieferung von Netzpublikationen Informationsvermittlung Über die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Gesamter Bestand Musikarchiv Exilsammlungen Buchmuseum Suchformular zurücksetzen Expertensuche Die Benutzungsbereiche der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek sind vom 16.12.2020 bis 10.01.2021 geschlossen. Bestellungen von Medien werden in dieser Zeit nicht bearbeitet. Alle Informationen dazu finden Sie auf unserer Homepage. Ergebnis der Suche nach: nid=4063290-8 Link zu diesem Datensatz Quelle DDC-Notation Selbstvertrauen Vertrauen Vertrauen Vertrauen Vertrauen Selbstvertrauen Gottvertrauen Berlin : Frank & Timme, Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur, [2021] 30 Minuten für mehr Mitarbeitervertrauen Leipzig : Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, 2020 Am Anfang war Vertrauen Am Anfang war Vertrauen Treffer 1 von 1 Treffer 1 von 1 In meine Auswahl übernehmen MARC21-XML-Repräsentation dieses Datensatzes RDF (Turtle)-Repräsentation dieses Datensatzes Dokumentation RDF (Linked Data Service) Nachweis der Quelle


id: doi-org-6362
title: Oxytocin increases trust in humans | Nature
txt: ./txt/doi-org-6362.txt
cache: ./cache/doi-org-6362.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Oxytocin increases trust in humans | Nature View all Nature Research journals Trust is indispensable in friendship, love, families and organizations, and plays a key role in economic exchange and politics3. Here we show that intranasal administration of oxytocin, a neuropeptide that plays a key role in social attachment and affiliation in non-human mammals6,7,8, causes a substantial increase in trust among humans, thereby greatly increasing the benefits from social interactions. We also show that the effect of oxytocin on trust is not due to a general increase in the readiness to bear risks. These results concur with animal research suggesting an essential role for oxytocin as a biological basis of prosocial approach behaviour. Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. University of Zurich, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, Blumlisalpstrasse 10, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland Markus Heinrichs or Ernst Fehr. Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature Research Academies


id: donate-wikimedia-org-1732
title: Make your donation now - Wikimedia Foundation
txt: ./txt/donate-wikimedia-org-1732.txt
cache: ./cache/donate-wikimedia-org-1732.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  We''re a non-profit that depends on donations to stay online and thriving, but 98% of our readers don''t give; they simply look the other way. When we made Wikipedia a non-profit, people told us we''d regret it. The heart and soul of Wikipedia is a community of people working to bring you unlimited access to reliable, neutral information. We have about 400 staff and contractors to support a wide variety of projects, making your donation a great investment in a highly-efficient not-for-profit organization. By donating, you agree to share your personal information with the Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects, and its service providers pursuant to our donor policy. For recurring donors, fixed monthly payments will be debited by the Wikimedia Foundation on the monthly anniversary of the first donation, until such time as you notify us to discontinue them. For questions, please contact donate@wikimedia.org. Retrieved from "https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:LandingPage"


id: dx-doi-org-4613
txt: ./txt/dx-doi-org-4613.txt
cache: ./cache/dx-doi-org-4613.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  "Technology, Humanness, and Trust: Rethinking Trust in Technology" by Nancy K. Browse All Content Information systems (IS) research has demonstrated that humans can and do trust technology. In study 1, we argue first that technologies vary in their perceived "humanness". We study two technologies that vary in humanness to explore these differences theoretically and empirically. We demonstrate that, when the trust construct used aligns well with how human the technology is, it produces stronger effects on selected outcome variables than does a misaligned trust construct. In study 2, we assess whether these technologies differ in humanness based on social presence, social affordances, and affordances for sociality. We find that these factors do distinguish whether technology is more human-like or system-like. Journal of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 16 https://aisel.aisnet.org/jais/vol16/iss10/1 Vol. 1, Iss. 1 Vol. 1, Iss. 1 Vol. 1, Iss. 1 Vol. 1, Iss. 1 Vol. 1, Iss. 1

title:
  "Technology, Humanness, and Trust: Rethinking Trust in Technology" by Nancy K. Lankton, D. Harrison McKnight et al.


id: edoc-mpg-de-158
title: Max Planck Society - eDoc Server
txt: ./txt/edoc-mpg-de-158.txt
cache: ./cache/edoc-mpg-de-158.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Max Planck Society eDoc Server Search Quick Search My eDoc MPI für Ökonomik / Strategic Interaction Group Social identity and trust : An experimental investigation Publisher: Max-Planck-Institut für Ökonomik Corporate Body (Series Editor): Max-Planck-Institut für Ökonomik Abstract / Description: We experimentally examine how group identity affects trust behavior in an investment game. In other treatments, group members are additionally related by outcome interdependence established in a prior public goods game. Moving from the standard investment game (where no group identity is prompted) to minimal group identity to two-dimensional group identity, we find no significant differences in trust decisions. Free Keywords: experiment; investment game; trust; group identity External Publication Status: published Document Type: Paper Affiliations: MPI für Ökonomik/Abteilung Strategische Interaktion The scope and number of records on eDoc is subject to the collection policies defined by each institute see "info" button in the collection browse view.


id: en-m-wikipedia-org-2240
title: Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-m-wikipedia-org-2240.txt
cache: ./cache/en-m-wikipedia-org-2240.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  One of the key current challenges in the social sciences is to rethink how the rapid progress of technology has impacted constructs such as trust. This systemic approach can be contrasted[23] with studies on social actors and their decision-making process, in anticipation that understanding of such a process will explain (and allow to model) the emergence of trust. The first consists of human-like constructs including benevolence, honesty and competence, whilst the second employs system-like constructs such as usefulness, reliability and functionality.[26] The discussion surrounding the relationship between information technologies and trust is still in progress as research remains in its infant stages. The review''s meta-analysis of 87 studies showed a consistent, though modest, negative relationship between ethnic diversity and social trust. In the context of information theory, Ed Gerck defines and contrasts trust with social functions such as power, surveillance, and accountability.[37][38] It has been claimed that a higher level of social trust is positively correlated with economic development.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1068
title: Category:Moral psychology - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1068.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1068.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Category:Moral psychology Wikipedia Category:Moral psychology Jump to navigation The main article for this category is Moral psychology. Articles relating to moral psychology, the study of various topics at the intersection of ethics, psychology, and philosophy of mind. ► Moral psychologists‎ (53 P) ► Moral psychology books‎ (18 P) Pages in category "Moral psychology" The following 122 pages are in this category, out of 122 total. Moral identity Moral psychology Dual process theory (moral psychology) Empathy-altruism Evolution of morality Helping behavior Identifiable victim effect Lawrence Kohlberg''s stages of moral development Moral blindness Moral character Moral courage Moral development Moral disengagement Moral emotions Moral exclusion Moral foundations theory Moral hierarchy Moral injury Moral intelligence Moral luck Moral panic Moral perception Moral reasoning Moral responsibility Moral shock Social cognitive theory of morality Social dilemma Social dominance theory Social value orientations Victim blaming Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Moral_psychology&oldid=981763659" Categories: Applied ethics Personal tools Edit links


id: en-wikipedia-org-1113
title: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1113.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1113.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers This category is for articles with LCCN identifiers. It is not part of the encyclopedia and contains non-article pages, or groups articles by status rather than subject. These categories are used to track, build and organize lists of pages needing "attention en masse" (for example, pages using deprecated syntax), or that may need to be edited at someone''s earliest convenience. Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Authority control. Pages in category "Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 548,904 total. 1st Cavalry Division (United States) 2nd Infantry Division (United States) 6th Marine Division (United States) 17th Airborne Division (United States) Categories: Pages with LCCN identifiers This page was last edited on 11 June 2020, at 10:27 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1126
title: Information technology - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1126.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1126.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data[1] or information. Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC.[3] However, the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete.[14] Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line.[15] The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a standard cathode ray tube,[16] but the information stored in it and delay line memory was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1139
title: Proceedings of the Royal Society - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1139.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1139.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Many celebrated names in science have published their research in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, including Paul Dirac,[1] Werner Heisenberg,[2] Ernest Rutherford,[3] and Erwin Schrödinger.[4] Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences [edit] Proceedings of the Royal Society A publishes peer-reviewed research articles in the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences[edit] Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1150
title: Face - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1150.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1150.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  The face is the front of an animal''s head that features three of the head''s sense organs, the eyes, nose, and mouth, and through which animals express many of their emotions.[1][2] The face is crucial for human identity, and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities affects the psyche adversely.[1] The muscles of the face play a prominent role in the expression of emotion,[1] and vary among different individuals, giving rise to additional diversity in expression and facial features.[7] A study confirmed that "when viewing images of strangers, shy adults exhibited significantly less activation in the fusiform gyri than did social adults".[10] Furthermore, particular areas respond more to a face that is considered attractive, as seen in another study: "Facial beauty evokes a widely distributed neural network involving perceptual, decision-making and reward circuits. ^ Anatomy of the Face and Head Underlying Facial Expression Archived 2007-11-29 at the Wayback Machine.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1203
title: Information for "Trust (social science)" - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1203.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1203.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Information for "Trust (social science)" Wikipedia Number of page watchers who visited recent edits 28 Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2019 Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Category handler (view source) (protected) Template:Cite SEP (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Columns-list (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Commons category (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Fix/category (view source) (template editor protected) Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Multiple image (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Page needed (view source) (template editor protected) Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected) Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Short description (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Small (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Wiktionary (view source) (template editor protected) Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)


id: en-wikipedia-org-1272
title: Contempt - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1272.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1272.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  It is classified among Paul Ekman''s seven basic emotions of contempt, anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Ekman and Friesen (1986) identified a specific facial expression that observers in ten different cultures, both Western and non-Western, agreed signaled contempt. One who is experiencing contempt would exhibit negative affective behaviors that may be labeled as "cold" – this simply meaning that one who is experiencing the emotion of contempt would tend to alienate those responsible.[9][page needed] Carstensen, Gottman, and Levenson (1995) also discovered that "In terms of speaker behaviors, wives were coded as showing more total emotion, negative emotion, anger, joy, contempt, whining, and sadness." This supports the stereotype that women express more emotion than men both in general and in relationships. Gottman''s theory states that there are four major emotional reactions that are destructive to a marriage: defensiveness, stonewalling, criticism, and contempt.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1292
title: Kindness - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1292.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1292.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  In human mating choice, studies suggest that both men and women value kindness and intelligence in their prospective mates, along with physical appearance, attractiveness, social status, and age.[5][6] A "nice guy" is an informal and usually stereotypical term for an (often young) adult male who portrays himself as gentle, compassionate, sensitive, and/or vulnerable.[7] The term is used both positively and negatively.[8] When used positively, and particularly when used as a preference or description by someone else, it is intended to imply a male who puts the needs of others before his own, avoids confrontations, does favors, gives emotional support, tries to stay out of trouble, and generally acts nicely towards others.[9] In the context of a relationship, it may also refer to traits of honesty, loyalty, romanticism, courtesy and respect. Based on experiments at Yale University using games with babies, some studies concluded that kindness is inherent to human beings.[12] There are similar studies about the root of empathy in infancy[13] – motor mirroring developing in the early months of life,[14] to lead (optimally) to the easy concern shown by children for their peers in distress.[15]


id: en-wikipedia-org-1300
title: Help:Introduction - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1300.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1300.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Help:Introduction Wikipedia Tutorial for newcomers who want to contribute to Wikipedia Introduction to Wikipedia Anyone can edit almost every page, and millions already have. This page takes you through a set of tutorials aimed at complete newcomers interested in contributing. The Wiki markup source editor shows the underlying page source code, and works like a plain text file. Links and other items are indicated using simple code like this: [[Earth]]. Talk pages Links and other items are edited using toolbar and pop-up interfaces. Navigating Wikipedia View all as single page Full help contents page A single-page guide to contributing Hidden categories: Help pages with short description Wikipedia semi-protected project pages Help page Page information Edit links This page was last edited on 23 November 2020, at 00:47 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Privacy policy About Wikipedia About Wikipedia Contact Wikipedia


id: en-wikipedia-org-1311
title: Arousal - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1311.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1311.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Extroverts were less affected by the presence of music.[9] Similarly, Belojevic, Slepcevic and Jokovljevic (2001) found that introverts had more concentration problems and fatigue in their mental processing when work was coupled with external noise or distracting factors.[10] The level of arousal surrounding the individuals greatly affected their ability to perform tasks and behaviors, with the introverts being more affected than the extroverts, because of each''s naturally high and low levels of stimulation, respectively. Thus, cognition determines how the physical response is labeled; for example, as "anger", "joy", or "fear".[17] In this theory, emotion is seen as a product of the interaction between the state of arousal and how one''s thought processes appraise the current situation.[20] The physiological arousal does not provide the label for the emotion; cognition does. The process is: the event (serial killer chasing the person) --> physiological arousal (sweat, heart racing) --> cognitive label (reasoning; "this is fear") --> emotion (fear).[19]


id: en-wikipedia-org-1361
title: Forgiveness - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1361.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1361.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Instead forgiveness in Hindu philosophy is being compassionate, tender, kind and letting go of the harm or hurt caused by someone or something else.[83] Forgiveness is essential for one to free oneself from negative thoughts, and being able to focus on blissfully living a moral and ethical life (dharmic life).[77] In the highest self-realized state, forgiveness becomes the essence of one''s personality, where the persecuted person remains unaffected, without agitation, without feeling like a victim, free from anger (akrodhi).[84][85] The therapeutic model suggests responsibility as the first necessary step towards genuine self-forgiveness.[129] Research advises that in order to avoid the negative affect associated with emotions such as overwhelming guilt or regret, offenders must first recognize that they have hurt another individual, and accept the responsibility necessary for their actions.[128][129]


id: en-wikipedia-org-1425
title: Portal:Current events - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1425.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1425.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  South Korea orders schools in Seoul and surrounding areas to close from tomorrow until the end of the month due to rise of new COVID-19 cases, which has broke records not seen since the pandemic began. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announces that the country will impose a five-day full lockdown beginning on December 31 at 9:00 pm local time until January 4, as the new daily deaths hit a record 229 in the past 24 hours. The number of new confirmed cases in South Korea surpasses 1,000 for the first time since the pandemic began, bringing the nationwide total to 42,766. Namibia reports a new single-day record of 324 cases, bringing the total number of confirmed cases since the start of the pandemic to 16,097. Germany reports 568 new deaths from COVID-19 in the past 24 hours, the most since the start of the pandemic and bringing the nationwide death toll to 20,002.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1439
title: File:Plutchik Dyads.svg - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1439.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1439.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  File:Plutchik Dyads.svg Wikipedia File:Plutchik Dyads.svg Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. English: Graph displaying the primary, secondary, and tertiary dyads on the Plutchik wheel of emotions. For more information see: About translating SVG files. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. EnglishGraph displaying the primary, secondary, and tertiary dyads on the Plutchik wheel of emotions. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. current 21:12, 6 October 2020 1,357 × 1,356 (58 KB) Alexandro Gon San File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://svgtranslate.toolforge.org/). More than 100 pages use this file. The following list shows the first 100 pages that use this file only. View more links to this file. View more global usage of this file. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plutchik_Dyads.svg" Upload file Upload file


id: en-wikipedia-org-1536
title: Sexual abuse - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1536.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1536.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  When the abuse involves threats of unwanted sexual contact or forced sex by a woman''s husband or ex-husband, it may constitute rape, depending on the jurisdiction, and may also constitute an assault.[7] Effects of child sexual abuse include shame, self-blame,[12] depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, self-esteem issues, sexual dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain, addiction, self-injury, suicidal ideation, borderline personality disorder, and propensity to re-victimization in adulthood.[13] Child sexual abuse is a risk factor for attempting suicide.[14] Additionally, some studies have shown childhood sexual abuse to be a risk factor of the perpetration of intimate partner violence in men.[15] Much of the harm caused to victims becomes apparent years after the abuse happens. Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest, which can result in severe long-term psychological trauma, especially in the case of parental incest.[17] Child sexual abuse prevention programmes were developed in the United States of America during the 1970s and originally delivered to children.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1554
title: Prisoner''s dilemma - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1554.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1554.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Because betraying a partner offers a greater reward than cooperating with them, all purely rational self-interested prisoners will betray the other, meaning the only possible outcome for two purely rational prisoners is for them to betray each other.[2] In reality, humans display a systemic bias towards cooperative behavior in this and similar games despite what is predicted by simple models of "rational" self-interested action.[3][4][5][6] This bias towards cooperation has been known since the test was first conducted at RAND; the secretaries involved trusted each other and worked together for the best common outcome.[7] The prisoner''s dilemma became the focus of extensive experimental research.[8][9] In casual usage, the label "prisoner''s dilemma" may be applied to situations not strictly matching the formal criteria of the classic or iterative games: for instance, those in which two entities could gain important benefits from cooperating or suffer from the failure to do so, but find it difficult or expensive—not necessarily impossible—to coordinate their activities.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1641
title: Social identity theory - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1641.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1641.html
extension: .html
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  Social identity attributes the cause of ingroup favoritism to a psychological need for positive distinctiveness and describes the situations where ingroup favoritism is likely to occur (as a function of perceived group status, legitimacy, stability, and permeability).[3][28] It has been shown via the minimal group studies that ingroup favoritism may occur for both arbitrary ingroups (e.g. a coin toss may split participants into a ''heads'' group and a ''tails'' group) as well as non-arbitrary ingroups (e.g. ingroups based on cultures, genders, sexual orientation, and first languages).[29][30] Some researchers, including Michael Hogg and Dominic Abrams, thus propose a fairly direct relationship between positive social identity and self-esteem. Differentiation Between Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Differentiation Between Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1674
title: Bounded rationality - Wikipedia
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  It complements "rationality as optimization", which views decision-making as a fully rational process of finding an optimal choice given the information available.[2] Simon used the analogy of a pair of scissors, where one blade represents "cognitive limitations" of actual humans and the other the "structures of the environment", illustrating how minds compensate for limited resources by exploiting known structural regularity in the environment.[2] Many economics models assume that agents are on average rational, and can in large enough quantities be approximated to act according to their preferences in order to maximise utility.[1] With bounded rationality, Simon''s goal was "to replace the global rationality of economic man with a kind of rational behavior that is compatible with the access to information and the computational capacities that are actually possessed by organisms, including man, in the kinds of environments in which such organisms exist."[3] In short, the concept of bounded rationality revises notions of "perfect" rationality to account for the fact that perfectly rational decisions are often not feasible in practice because of the intractability of natural decision problems and the finite computational resources available for making them.


id: en-wikipedia-org-1740
title: Doubt - Wikipedia
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  Find sources: "Doubt" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Doubt is a mental state in which the mind remains suspended between two or more contradictory propositions, unable to be certain of any of them.[1][better source needed] Doubt on an emotional level is indecision between belief and disbelief. The concept of doubt as a suspense between two contradictory propositions covers a range of phenomena: on a level of the mind it involves reasoning, examination of facts and evidence and on an emotional level believing and disbelieving Some doubt may persist, but only to the extent that it would not affect a "reasonable person''s" belief in the defendant''s guilt. The scientific method regularly quantifies doubt, and uses it to determine whether further research is needed. Doubting Thomas Methodic doubt Reasonable doubt Self-doubt Wikimedia Commons has media related to Doubt. Categories: Doubt


id: en-wikipedia-org-1816
title: Trust (social science): Revision history - Wikipedia
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  curprev 11:58, 3 November 2020‎ Citation bot talk contribs‎ 55,730 bytes +91‎ Alter: url, pages, edition, journal, title. curprev 03:16, 1 November 2020‎ Kirstyshort1234 talk contribs‎ m 55,618 bytes +148‎ undo Tag: Visual edit curprev 03:16, 1 November 2020‎ Kirstyshort1234 talk contribs‎ m 55,618 bytes +148‎ undo Tag: Visual edit curprev 03:16, 1 November 2020‎ Kirstyshort1234 talk contribs‎ m 55,618 bytes +148‎ undo Tag: Visual edit curprev 02:32, 1 November 2020‎ Kirstyshort1234 talk contribs‎ m 55,196 bytes −7‎ Moving of diagram to a better position undo Tag: Visual edit curprev 02:15, 1 November 2020‎ Kirstyshort1234 talk contribs‎ m 55,203 bytes +233‎ Adding in additional citation undo Tag: Visual edit curprev 14:53, 18 August 2020‎ Elysia (AR) talk contribs‎ 46,144 bytes +1,103‎ adding in types of social trust | Add: pages, volume, journal, year, title, s2cid, author pars. curprev 00:27, 10 April 2020‎ Scholar765 talk contribs‎ 43,464 bytes +165‎ →‎Further reading undo Tag: Visual edit


id: en-wikipedia-org-1870
title: Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1870.txt
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  Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below: Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright in the Work). Each time You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work or a Collection, the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License. Each time You Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2020
title: Community - Wikipedia
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  A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Durable relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community, important to their identity, practice, and roles in social institutions such as family, home, work, government, society, or humanity at large.[1][need quotation to verify][2] Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties, "community" may also refer to large group affiliations such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities.[3] Formal accredited programs conducted by universities, as part of degree granting institutions, are often used to build a knowledge base to drive curricula in public administration, sociology and community studies. The institute makes available downloadable tools[15] to assess community assets and make connections between non-profit groups and other organizations that can help in community building. Community building and organizing[edit] ^ Community Development Journal, Oxford University Press


id: en-wikipedia-org-2034
title: Outrage (emotion) - Wikipedia
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  Outrage (emotion) Wikipedia Outrage is a strong moral emotion characterized by a combination of surprise, disgust,[1] and anger,[2] usually in reaction to a grave personal offense.[3] It comes from old French "ultrage", which in turn borrows from classical Latin "ultra", meaning "beyond".[4] The 21st century and its social media have seen an increased display of false or manufactured outrage, with power and prestige being hypocritically sought by professing concern for others, in a highly selective and temporary manner.[6] In The Sociology of Everyday Life Peacebuilding, John D. Kate Fox in her anthropology of the English observed that drunkenness came with a standardised set of outrages to perform, ranging from swearing and scuffling up to mooning.[8] She also noted how "the English take great pleasure in being shocked and outraged, and righteous indignation is one of our favourite national pastimes, but the feelings expressed are nonetheless genuine".[9] Social emotional development


id: en-wikipedia-org-2047
title: Category:Articles with short description - Wikipedia
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  Category:Articles with short description Wikipedia Category:Articles with short description Jump to navigation See also: Wikipedia:WikiProject Short descriptions This category is for articles with short descriptions defined on Wikipedia by {{short description}} (either within the page itself or via another template). ► Articles with short description added by PearBOT 5‎ (45,227 P) ► Short description with empty Wikidata description‎ (75,385 P) Pages in category "Articles with short description" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,414,891 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more). .hack (video game series) .sch (file extension) (2Z,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (2Z,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate lyase (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase 3 (Suburban Kids with Biblical Names album) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Articles_with_short_description&oldid=973538851" Categories: Article namespace categories Template Large category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with over 20,000 pages Pages with short description Edit links By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2050
title: Category:Short description matches Wikidata - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2050.txt
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  Category:Short description matches Wikidata Wikipedia Category:Short description matches Wikidata Jump to navigation It is not part of the encyclopedia and contains non-article pages, or groups articles by status rather than subject. The main page for this category is WP:Short description. This category contains articles with short descriptions that match the description field on Wikidata. Pages in category "Short description matches Wikidata" .hack (video game series) (video game) 1st (United Kingdom) Division 1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom) 1 Life 2 Live A1 road (Great Britain) 1Malaysia Development Berhad 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union) 1st Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom) 1st Armoured Regiment (Australia) 1st Army Group (Kingdom of Yugoslavia) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata&oldid=988989963" Categories: WikiProject Short descriptions Wikipedia categories tracking data same as Wikidata This page was last edited on 16 November 2020, at 12:12 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2057
title: PubMed Central - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2057.txt
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  PubMed Central (PMC) is a free digital repository that archives open access full-text scholarly articles that have been published in biomedical and life sciences journals. Submissions to PMC are indexed and formatted for enhanced metadata, medical ontology, and unique identifiers which enrich the XML structured data for each article.[1] Content within PMC can be linked to other NCBI databases and accessed via Entrez search and retrieval systems, further enhancing the public''s ability to discover, read and build upon its biomedical knowledge.[2] As of December 2018[update], the PMC archive contained over 5.2 million articles,[4] with contributions coming from publishers or authors depositing their manuscripts into the repository per the NIH Public Access Policy. Earlier data shows that from January 2013 to January 2014 author-initiated deposits exceeded 103,000 papers during a 12-month period.[5] PMC identifies about 4,000 journals which participate in some capacity to deposit their published content into the PMC repository.[6] Some publishers delay the release of their articles on PubMed Central for a set time after publication, referred to as an "embargo period", ranging from a few months to a few years depending on the journal.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2062
title: Marital breakdown - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2062.txt
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  Marital breakdown Wikipedia Marital breakdown Jump to navigation This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Find sources: "Marital breakdown" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Marital breakdown refers to the common process whereby the relationship between a married couple erodes, such that they cannot ordinarily restore their relationship. It is the breach of domestic anticipation, often leading to a divorce or dissolution of the marital relationship. Every marital breakdown is different in this regard. Not all marital breakdowns necessarily result in a divorce. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marital_breakdown&oldid=993642877" Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 All articles lacking sources Edit links This page was last edited on 11 December 2020, at 18:19 (UTC).


id: en-wikipedia-org-2071
title: Guilt (emotion) - Wikipedia
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  It may take the form of blaming the victim: The victim of someone else''s accident or bad luck may be offered criticism, the theory being that the victim may be at fault for having attracted the other person''s hostility.[13] Alternatively, not the guilt, but the condemning agency itself, may be projected onto other people, in the hope that they will look upon one''s deeds more favorably than one''s own conscience (a process that verges on ideas of reference).[14] People who feel guilty may be more likely to exercise restraint,[17] avoid self-indulgence,[18] and exhibit less prejudice.[19] Guilt appears to prompt reparatory behaviors to alleviate the negative emotions that it engenders. Some evolutionary psychologists theorize that guilt and shame helped maintain beneficial relationships,[23][24] such as reciprocal altruism.[25] If a person feels guilty when he harms another or fails to reciprocate kindness, he is more likely not to harm others or become too selfish.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2083
title: Special pages - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2083.txt
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  Special pages Wikipedia Most of the content of these pages is automatically generated and cannot be edited. To suggest a change to the parts that can be edited, find the appropriate text on Special:AllMessages and then request your change on the talk page of the message (using {{editprotected}} to draw the attention of administrators). For an index of special pages, see Help:SpecialPages. Pages without language links Uncategorized pages Wanted pages Lists of pages Global user account rename request Global accounts list Password policies New pages Global file usage Redirecting special pages Edit a page Random page in category Redirect by file, user, page, revision, or log ID Most linked-to files Most linked-to pages Pages with the most categories Pages with the most interwikis Pages with the most revisions Page tools Page review statistics Pages using Pending Changes Pages with edits awaiting review Special pages Special pages Special pages Special pages


id: en-wikipedia-org-2145
title: Intimate relationship - Wikipedia
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  Intimacy involves the feeling of being in a close, personal association and belonging together.[6] It is a familiar and very close affective connection with another as a result of a bond that is formed through knowledge and experience of the other.[6] Genuine intimacy in human relationships requires dialogue, transparency, vulnerability, and reciprocity.[6] Dalton (1959) discussed how anthropologists and ethnographic researchers access "inside information" from within a particular cultural setting by establishing networks of intimates capable (and willing) to provide information unobtainable through formal channels.[7] Emotional intimacy, particularly in sexual relationships, typically develops after a certain level of trust has been reached and personal bonds have been established.[6] The emotional connection of "falling in love", however, has both a biochemical dimension driven through reactions in the body stimulated by sexual attraction (PEA, phenylethylamine),[15] and a social dimension driven by "talk" that follows from regular physical closeness or sexual union.[16] Love is an important factor in emotional intimacy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2163
title: Book sources - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2163.txt
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  This page allows users to search for multiple sources for a book given the 10or 13-digit ISBN number. Wikimedia page containing links to catalogs of libraries, booksellers, and other book sources If you arrived at this page by clicking an ISBN link in a Wikipedia page, you will find the full range of relevant search links for that specific book by scrolling to the find links below. Find this book on the University of South Africa catalogue Find this book in the University of San Carlos of Guatemala Central Library catalogue Find this book in the joint San José Public Library and San José State University (California) Library catalog Find this book in Hong Kong Public Library Catalogue Find this book on the National University of Singapore library catalogue Find this book in the Croatian National and University Library catalogue Find this book in the National Catalog


id: en-wikipedia-org-2224
title: Sexual desire - Wikipedia
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  This theory states that the strength of motivation towards sexual activity depends on the strength of the stimuli (immediacy of stimuli), and if satiety is achieved, the strength of the stimuli/incentive will be increased in the future.[4] Sex drive is strongly tied to biological factors such as "chromosomal and hormonal status, nutritional status, age, and general health".[9] Sexual desire is the first phase of the human sex response cycle. Older individuals are less likely to declare themselves as being at the extremes of the sexual desire spectrum.[23] By the time that individuals reach middle and old age there is a natural decline in sexual desire, sexual capacity, and the frequency of sexual behaviour.[1] DeLamater and Sill found that the majority of men and women do not officially report themselves as having low levels of sexual desire until they are 75 years old.[8] Many would attribute this lull to partner familiarity, alienation, or preoccupation with other non-sexual matters such as social, relational, and health concerns.[6]


id: en-wikipedia-org-2245
title: Ecstasy (emotion) - Wikipedia
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  Ecstasy (emotion) Wikipedia For its usage in the philosophical perspective, see Ecstasy (philosophy). It is also used more specifically to denote states of awareness of non-ordinary mental spaces, which may be perceived as spiritual (the latter type of ecstasy often takes the form of religious ecstasy). From a psychological perspective, ecstasy is a loss of self-control and sometimes a temporary loss of consciousness, which is often associated with religious mysticism, sexual intercourse and the use of certain drugs.[2] Subjective perception of time, space or self may strongly change or disappear during ecstasy. Ecstasy, by Jean Benner (Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art) Ecstasy can be deliberately induced using religious or creative activities, meditation, music, dancing, breathing exercises, physical exercise, sexual intercourse or consumption of psychotropic drugs. Media related to Ecstasy (emotion) at Wikimedia Commons


id: en-wikipedia-org-2342
title: Sadness - Wikipedia
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  Sadness is an emotional pain associated with, or characterized by, feelings of disadvantage, loss, despair, grief, helplessness, disappointment and sorrow. Sadness is one of the "six basic emotions" described by Paul Ekman, along with happiness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust.[2]:271–4 Berry Brazelton suggests that acknowledging sadness can make it easier for families to address more serious emotional problems.[5]:46; 48 They observed increased brain activity in the bilateral inferior and orbitofrontal cortex.[14] In a study that induced sadness in subjects by showing emotional film clips, the feeling was correlated with significant increases in regional brain activity, especially in the prefrontal cortex, in the region called Brodmann''s area 9, and the thalamus. Sadness is, as stated by Klaus Scherer, one of the "best-recognized emotions in the human voice", although it''s "generally somewhat lower than that of facial expression". Emotion, Affect and Personality in Speech: The Bias of Language and Paralanguage. "Vocal Expression and Perception of Emotion" (PDF). "Anger and advancement versus sadness and subjugation: the effect of negative emotion expressions on social status conferral".


id: en-wikipedia-org-2353
title: George Akerlof - Wikipedia
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  George Arthur Akerlof (born June 17, 1940) is an American economist who is a university professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and Koshland Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.[2][3] He won the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Michael Spence and Joseph E. Akerlof is perhaps best known for his article, "The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism", published in Quarterly Journal of Economics in 1970, in which he identified certain severe problems that afflict markets characterized by asymmetric information, the paper for which he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize.[10] In Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market, Akerlof and coauthor/former Fed Chair Janet Yellen propose rationales for the efficiency wage hypothesis in which employers pay above the market-clearing wage, in contradiction to the conclusions of neoclassical economics.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2380
title: Recent changes - Wikipedia
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  This is a list of recent changes to Wikipedia. m Talk:Heinz Peischl‎ 01:26 +104‎ ‎Wizardman talk contribs‎ →‎top: adding project Tag: AWB Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/M-144 (1937–1939 Michigan highway)‎ 01:26 +485‎ ‎Reywas92 talk contribs‎ Tag: 2017 wikitext editor Bradley James‎ 01:26 +31‎ ‎Allinoneword18 talk contribs‎ →‎Early life and education Tag: Visual edit The Code of Indian Offenses‎ 01:26 0‎ ‎Edenjones637 talk contribs‎ →‎Practices of the traditional medicine men and women Tag: Visual edit Category talk:T.A.T.u. songs‎ 01:26 +91‎ ‎Richard3120 talk contribs‎ added WikiProject tags m Talk:Dietmar Pegam‎ 01:26 +104‎ ‎Wizardman talk contribs‎ →‎top: adding project Tag: AWB Abdul Razak Hussein‎ 01:26 +30‎ ‎Arthur Hirai talk contribs‎ Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini‎ 01:25 +2,469‎ ‎Joofjoof talk contribs‎ Tag: Visual edit User talk:MfactDr‎ 01:25 +378‎ ‎Boud talk contribs‎ →‎December 2020: new section m Mentuhotep I‎ 01:25 −3,440‎ ‎Hee3312 talk contribs‎ →‎Identity: sasasas Tag: Reverted


id: en-wikipedia-org-2395
title: Hostility - Wikipedia
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  Hostility is seen as form of emotionally charged aggressive behavior. Hostility/hospitality[edit] In psychological terms, George Kelly considered hostility as the attempt to extort validating evidence from the environment to confirm types of social prediction, constructs, that have failed.[10] Instead of reconstructing their constructs to meet disconfirmations with better predictions, the hostile person attempts to force or coerce the world to fit their view, even if this is a forlorn hope, and even if it entails emotional expenditure and/or harm to self or others.[11] In this sense hostility is a form of psychological extortion an attempt to force reality to produce the desired feedback,[12] even by acting out in bullying by individuals and groups in various social contexts, in order that preconceptions become ever more widely validated. Kelly''s theory of cognitive hostility thus forms a parallel to Leon Festinger''s view that there is an inherent impulse to reduce cognitive dissonance.[13] 


id: en-wikipedia-org-2410
title: Self-interest - Wikipedia
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  A number of philosophical, psychological, and economic theories examine the role of self-interest in motivating human action. In Legalism, a regular pattern of the natural world is that the basic nature of human beings comprises a set of interests that are primarily self-regarding and not amenable to cultivation, morally or otherwise, which must be understood to effectively govern a state.[4] Therefore, Legalists argue that political systems are only viable if it allows individuals to pursue their selfish interests exclusively in a manner that benefits rather than contradicts the needs of a state.[2] Conversely, their concerns lie with political systems based on trust and respect for ministers and other officials—rather than on impersonal norms and standards, such as laws, regulations, and rules—as these systems will result in an irresolvable power struggle.[2] Their sober realization herein is that administrative systems are fundamentally unable to monitor themselves in the long term despite the impersonal mode of rule, because they must rely for their implementation on individuals who themselves are driven by self-interest.[2] Articles needing additional references from November 2019


id: en-wikipedia-org-2412
title: Empathy - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2412.txt
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  Using fMRI, neuroscientist Tania Singer showed that empathy-related neural responses tended to be significantly lower in males when observing an "unfair" person experiencing pain.[74] An analysis from the journal of Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews also found that, overall, there are sex differences in empathy from birth, growing larger with age and which remains consistent and stable across lifespan.[75] Females, on average, were found to have higher empathy than males, while children with higher empathy regardless of gender continue to be higher in empathy throughout development.[75] Further analysis of brain tools such as event related potentials found that females who saw human suffering tended to have higher ERP waveforms than males.[75] Another investigation with similar brain tools such as N400 amplitudes found, on average, higher N400 in females in response to social situations which positively correlated with self-reported empathy.[75] Structural fMRI studies also found females to have larger grey matter volumes in posterior inferior frontal and anterior inferior parietal cortex areas which are correlated with mirror neurons in fMRI literature.[75] Females also tended to have a stronger link between emotional and cognitive empathy.[75] The researchers found that the stability of these sex differences in development are unlikely to be explained by any environment influences but rather might have some roots in human evolution and inheritance.[75] Throughout prehistory, females were the primary nurturers and caretakers of children; so this might have led to an evolved neurological adaptation for women to be more aware and responsive to non-verbal expressions.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2451
title: Contentment - Wikipedia
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  The literature seems to generally agree that contentment is maybe a state ideally reached through being happy with what a person has, as opposed to achieving one''s larger ambitions, as Socrates described by probably saying "He who is not contented with what he has, would not be contented with what he would like to have." That said, there may be a number of elements of achievement that may make finding a state of personal contentment easier: a strong family unit, a strong local community, and satisfaction of life''s basic needs as perhaps expressed in Maslow''s hierarchy of needs. Happiness or contentment was never viewed as an isolated state from physical health. Other research indicates a substantial portion of Scandinavians exaggerate their sense of happiness or contentment when asked informally or in surveys, due to social prohibitions against expressing negativity or unhappiness.[21]


id: en-wikipedia-org-2517
title: Reinhard Bachmann - Wikipedia
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  Reinhard Bachmann (*15 February 1961) is a German born social scientist who teaches and researches at SOAS University of London. His work focuses on Strategic Management and Organizational Analysis; it includes major contributions to the field of trust research. Before moving into his current position at SOAS, Reinhard Bachmann was engaged in research and taught at the University of Cambridge (Research Fellow), University of Groningen (Assistant Professor), University of London, Birkbeck College (as Associate Professor/Reader) and University of Surrey (Professor). Bachmann''s works appear in numerous international journals (these include, Organization Studies, Cambridge Journal of Economics, British Journal of Sociology, Journal of Managerial Psychology, European Societies). He has also edited publications, which include the ''Handbook of Trust Research'' (Edward Elgar, 2006, with Akbar Zaheer), Landmark Papers on Trust (Edward Elgar, 2008, with Akbar Zaheer), and a collective volume on ''Trust Within and Between Organizations'' (Oxford University Press, 2000, with Christel Lane). Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers


id: en-wikipedia-org-2535
title: Resentment - Wikipedia
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  It''s worth noting that resentment can also develop, and be maintained by: focusing on past grievances (i.e. disturbing memories of hurtful experiences) continuously.[3] or by trying to justify the emotion (i.e. with additional thoughts/feelings).[6][7] Thus, resentment can occur as a result of the grief process[8] and can be sustained by ruminating.[9] Resentment, when it is unhealthy, can come in the form of: hostile anger with a retaliation motive (i.e. fantasizing about putting someone down, devaluing, or paying someone back for a perceived injury),[3] time duration (which can go on for days, weeks, or even years),[3] or when too many resentments are held;[9] Thus, draining resources, creating stress, and draining positive emotions.[12] Resentment can be self-diagnosed by looking for signs such as the need for emotion regulation, faking happiness while with a person to cover true feelings toward him, or speaking in a sarcastic or demeaning way to or about the person. Solomon wrote extensively on the emotion of resentment and its negative effects on those who experience it.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2579
title: Unilateralism - Wikipedia
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  Unilateralism Wikipedia Jump to navigation "Unilateral" redirects here. For other uses, see Unilateral (disambiguation). The current, broader meaning emerges in 1964.[1] It stands in contrast with multilateralism, the pursuit of foreign policy goals alongside allies. Unilateralism and multilateralism represent different policy approaches to international problems. When agreement by multiple parties is absolutely required—for example, in the context of international trade policies—bilateral agreements (involving two participants at a time) are usually preferred by proponents of unilateralism. Unilateralism may be preferred in those instances when it is assumed to be the most efficient, i.e., in issues that can be solved without cooperation. ^ "Unilateralism (n.)." Online Etymology Dictionary. Further reading[edit] Look up unilateralism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unilateralism&oldid=983001366" Edit links This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 17:26 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Privacy policy Contact Wikipedia


id: en-wikipedia-org-2640
title: View source for Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
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  View source for Trust (social science) Wikipedia View source for Trust (social science) To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Even if blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page and email other editors and administrators. | caption1 = Trust combined with other primary emotions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adliterate.com/archives/Plutchik.emotion.theorie.POSTER.pdf |title=Robert Plutchik''s Psychoevolutionary Theory of Basic Emotions |website=Adliterate.com |accessdate=2017-06-05}}</ref><ref name="Turner2000">{{cite book|author=Jonathan Turner|title=On the Origins of Human Emotions: A Sociological Inquiry Into the Evolution of Human Affect|url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginsofhuman0000turn|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-6436-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/onoriginsofhuman0000turn/page/76 76]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A Fuzzy Inference System for Synergy Estimation of Simultaneous Emotion Dynamics in Agents|journal=International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research|volume=2|issue=6|date=June 2011|url=http://www.ijser.org/paper/A_Fuzzy_Inference_System_for_Synergy_Estimation_of_Simultaneous_Emotion_Dynamics_in_Agents.html|author1=Atifa Athar|author2=M. | s2cid = 5657206 | year = 2001 | title = Trust, Power and Control in Transorganizational Relations | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/4a4dca9e8c68a1c2c836e052eb8ca2df27c67a15| journal = Organization Studies | volume = 22 | issue = 2| pages = 337–365 | doi=10.1177/0170840601222007}}</ref> Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_(social_science)"


id: en-wikipedia-org-2668
title: Wikipedia:About - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2668.txt
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summary:
  Wikipedia is an online free-content encyclopedia project helping to create a world in which everyone can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. Wikipedia''s articles provide links designed to guide the user to related pages with additional information. Anyone with internet access can write and make changes to Wikipedia articles, except in limited cases where editing is restricted to prevent disruption or vandalism. "Wikipedia" is a registered trademark of the not-for-profit Wikimedia Foundation, which has created a family of free-content projects that are built by user contributions. Guidelines and information pages are available to help users and researchers do this effectively, as is an article that summarizes third-party studies and assessments of the reliability of Wikipedia. For specific discussion not related to article content or editor conduct, see the Village pump, which covers such subjects as milestone announcements, policy and technical discussion, and information on other specialized portals such as the help, reference and peer review desks.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2673
title: Wayback Machine - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2673.txt
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  Internet Archive founders Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat launched the Wayback Machine in 2001 to address the problem of website content vanishing whenever it gets changed or shut down.[3] The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index".[4] Kahle and Gilliat created the machine hoping to archive the entire Internet and provide "universal access to all knowledge."[5] The Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage in 2009, and hosts a new data center in a Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems'' California campus.[22] As of 2009[update], the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month.[23]


id: en-wikipedia-org-2675
title: Erikson''s stages of psychosocial development - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2675.txt
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  Erikson''s stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson,[1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. The first stage of Erik Erikson''s theory centers around the infant''s basic needs being met by the parents and how this interaction leads to trust or mistrust. Erikson viewed the elementary school years as critical for the development of self-confidence. In later stages of adolescence, the child develops a sense of sexual identity. ^ Human development: a psychological, biological, and sociological approach to the life span: "IV 9–12 (School Age) Industry vs. ^ Human development: a psychological, biological, and sociological approach to the life span: "V 13–19 (Adolescence) Identity vs. ^ "Stages of Social-Emotional Development – Erik Erikson".


id: en-wikipedia-org-2748
title: Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2748.txt
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  Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project Wikipedia Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project Jump to navigation Jump to search The logo of the Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project (InPhO /ˈɪnfoʊ/) is a project of Indiana University''s Cognitive Science Program funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. The website makes it possible to search and navigate via relations among philosophical ideas, scholars and works.[1] "From encyclopedia to ontology: toward dynamic representation of the discipline of philosophy". External links[edit] Wikidata has the property: InPhO ID (P863) (see uses) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Philosophy_Ontology_Project&oldid=955015830" Ontology (information science) Navigation menu Personal tools Article Views Edit View history Navigation Random article Tools Related changes Page information Wikidata item Edit links This page was last edited on 5 May 2020, at 14:11 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Contact Wikipedia Mobile view


id: en-wikipedia-org-2794
title: Motivation - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2794.txt
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  Intrinsic motivation is a natural motivational tendency and is a critical element in cognitive, social, and physical development.[15] The two necessary elements for intrinsic motivation are self-determination and an increase in perceived competence.[16] In short, the cause of the behaviour must be internal, known as internal locus of causality, and the individual who engages in the behaviour must perceive that the task increases their competence.[15] According to various research reported by Deci''s published findings in 1971, and 1972, tangible rewards could actually undermine the intrinsic motivation of college students. An advantage (relative to extrinsic motivation) is that intrinsic motivators can be long-lasting, self-sustaining, and satisfying.[2] For this reason, efforts in education sometimes attempt to modify intrinsic motivation with the goal of promoting future student learning performance, creativity, and learning via long-term modifications in interests.[1] Intrinsic motivators are suggested[by whom?] to involve increased feelings of reward and thus may support subjective well-being.[citation needed] By contrast, intrinsic motivation has been found to be hard to modify, and attempts to recruit existing intrinsic motivators require a non-trivially difficult individualized approach, identifying and making relevant the different motivators of needed to motivate different students,[1] possibly requiring additional skills and intrinsic motivation from the instructor.[25]


id: en-wikipedia-org-2800
title: International Standard Serial Number - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2800.txt
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mime: text/html
summary:
  International Standard Serial Number an ISSN, 2049-3630, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code. An International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication, such as a magazine.[1] The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSN-L is a unique identifier for all versions of the serial containing the same content across different media. The use of ISSN-L facilitates search, retrieval and delivery across all media versions for services like OpenURL, library catalogues, search engines or knowledge bases. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an anonymous identifier associated with a serial title, containing no information as to the publisher or its location. "Using The ISSN (International Serial Standard Number) as URN (Uniform Resource Names) within an ISSN-URN Namespace". "Using The ISSN (International Serial Standard Number) as URN (Uniform Resource Names) within an ISSN-URN Namespace". ISO 3297: International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)


id: en-wikipedia-org-2832
title: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2832.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-2832.html
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  Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Jump to navigation This category is for articles with GND identifiers. It is not part of the encyclopedia and contains non-article pages, or groups articles by status rather than subject. These categories are used to track, build and organize lists of pages needing "attention en masse" (for example, pages using deprecated syntax), or that may need to be edited at someone''s earliest convenience. Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Authority control. Pages in category "Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 344,067 total. 08/15 (film series) 10 Years (band) The 39 Steps (1935 film) Categories: Pages with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with authority control information Template Large category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with over 20,000 pages By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2837
title: Courage - Wikipedia
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  Using a text from Aristotle''s Nicomachean Ethics as the basis for his article, he discusses the relationship between fear and confidence in the emotion of courage.[3] Fear & Confidence in Relation to Courage[edit] The ideal is to judge a situation, accept the emotion as part of human nature and, we hope, use well-developed habits to confront the fear and allow reason to guide our behavior toward a worthwhile goal.[8] Putman states "if the two emotions are distinct, then excesses or deficiencies in either fear or confidence can distort courage."[9] In medieval virtue ethics, championed by Averroes and Thomas Aquinas and still important to Roman Catholicism, courage is referred to as "Fortitude".[21][22] According to Hobbes courage is a virtue of the individual in order to ensure a better chance of survival while the moral virtues address Hobbes''s social contract which civilized men display (in varying degrees) in order to avoid the state of nature.[35] Hobbes also uses the idea of fortitude as an idea of virtue.


id: en-wikipedia-org-2904
title: Multiculturalism - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-2904.txt
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  Historically, support for modern multiculturalism stems from the changes in Western societies after World War II, in what Susanne Wessendorf calls the "human rights revolution", in which the horrors of institutionalized racism and ethnic cleansing became almost impossible to ignore in the wake of the Holocaust; with the collapse of the European colonial system, as colonized nations in Africa and Asia successfully fought for their independence and pointed out the discriminatory underpinnings of the colonial system; and, in the United States in particular, with the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, which criticized ideals of assimilation that often led to prejudices against those who did not act according to Anglo-American standards and which led to the development of academic ethnic studies programs as a way to counteract the neglect of contributions by racial minorities in classrooms.[31][32] As this history shows, multiculturalism in Western countries was seen to combat racism, to protect minority communities of all types, and to undo policies that had prevented minorities from having full access to the opportunities for freedom and equality promised by the liberalism that has been the hallmark of Western societies since the Age of Enlightenment.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3020
title: Regret - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3020.txt
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  Anticipated regret, or how much regret one thinks one will feel in the future, appears to be overestimated for actions and choices.[5][6] This appears to be, in part, due to a tendency to underestimate the extent to which people attribute bad outcomes to external factors rather than to internal factors (i.e., themselves).[5] It can lead to inaction or inertia and omission bias.[7] A 2018 study found that people were more likely to express "ideal-related regrets", such as failing to follow their dreams and live up to their full potential.[12][13] This was found to correlate with the anecdotal accounts of palliative care nurse Bronnie Ware about the most common regrets she had heard expressed by those nearing death, which included: Regret lingers where opportunity existed, with the self-blame of remorse being a core element to ultimately spur corrective action in decision-making.[1] "Waves of regret: a meg study of emotion and decision-making". "Brain, emotion and decision making: the paradigmatic example of regret".


id: en-wikipedia-org-3051
title: E-commerce - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3051.txt
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  Typical e-commerce transactions include the purchase of online books (such as Amazon) and music purchases (music download in the form of digital distribution such as iTunes Store), and to a less extent, customized/personalized online liquor store inventory services.[1] There are three areas of e-commerce: online retailing, electronic markets, and online auctions. The DeLone and McLean Model stated that three perspectives contribute to a successful e-business: information system quality, service quality and users'' satisfaction.[62] There is no limit of time and space, there are more opportunities to reach out to customers around the world, and to cut down unnecessary intermediate links, thereby reducing the cost price, and can benefit from one on one large customer data analysis, to achieve a high degree of personal customization strategic plan, in order to fully enhance the core competitiveness of the products in company.[63]


id: en-wikipedia-org-3071
title: Frustration - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3071.txt
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  Common emotional response to opposition, related to anger, annoyance and disappointment This article is about the emotional response of frustration. In psychology, frustration is a common emotional response to opposition, related to anger, annoyance and disappointment. Internal frustration may arise from challenges in fulfilling personal goals, desires, instinctual drives and needs, or dealing with perceived deficiencies, such as a lack of confidence or fear of social situations. External causes of frustration involve conditions outside an individual''s control, such as a physical roadblock, a difficult task, or the perception of wasting time.[4] There are multiple ways individuals cope with frustration such as passive–aggressive behavior, anger, or violence, although frustration may also propel positive processes via enhanced effort and strive.[5] This broad range of potential outcomes makes it difficult to identify the original cause(s) of frustration, as the responses may be indirect. "When frustration is repeated: Behavioral and emotion responses during extinction over time".


id: en-wikipedia-org-3074
title: View source for Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3074.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3074.html
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  View source for Trust (social science) Wikipedia View source for Trust (social science) You are still able to view pages, but you are not currently able to edit, move, or create them. The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption. If you are using a Wikipedia account, you will need to request an IP block exemption by either using the unblock template or by submitting an appeal using the unblock ticket request system. Even if blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page and email other editors and administrators.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3107
title: Account creation error - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3107.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3107.html
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  Account creation error Wikipedia Account creation error Jump to navigation Jump to search Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by Jon Kolbert (meta.wikimedia.org). The reason given is Open Proxy: Webhost: Contact stewards if you are affected . Start of block: 20:12, 23 July 2019 Expiry of block: 20:12, 23 January 2022 Your current IP address is 40.76.139.33 and the blocked range is 40.76.0.0/16. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki or send an email to the stewards OTRS queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CreateAccount" Navigation menu Personal tools Views Navigation Tools Special pages Special pages About Wikipedia About Wikipedia Contact Wikipedia Mobile view


id: en-wikipedia-org-3131
title: Acute stress disorder - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3131.txt
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  While PTSD-specific, these theories are still useful in understanding acute stress disorder, as the two disorders share many symptoms.[3] A recent study found that even a single stressful event may have long-term consequences on cognitive function. However, results of Creamer, O''Donnell, and Pattison''s (2004) study of 363 patients suggests that a diagnosis of acute stress disorder had only limited predictive validity for PTSD. Cognitive behavioural therapy, which includes exposure and cognitive restructuring, was found to be effective in preventing PTSD in patients diagnosed with acute stress disorder with clinically significant results at six-month follow-up appointments. In contrast, acute stress disorder is defined by symptoms experienced 48-hours to one-month following the event. "Early trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy to prevent chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis".


id: en-wikipedia-org-3133
title: Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3133.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3133.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Thank you for offering to contribute an image or other media file for use on Wikipedia. If you want to replace the existing file with an uncontroversial, improved version of the same work, please go to Commons and upload it there, not here on the English Wikipedia''s local wiki. Yes, I want to overwrite the existing file, and I will use this wizard to add a new description and new source information for it. The copyright owner of this file has given it to me for uploading on Wikipedia. This is a copyrighted, non-free work, but I believe it is Fair Use. I have read the Wikipedia rules on Non-Free Content, and I am prepared to explain how the use of this file will meet the criteria set out there. Then, after uploading, open the image description page for editing and add your separate explanations for each additional article manually.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3138
title: Wikipedia:Citing sources - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3138.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3138.html
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mime: text/html
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  See: "Help:Referencing for beginners", for a brief introduction on how to put references in Wikipedia articles; and cite templates in Visual Editor, about a graphical way for citation, included in Wikipedia. When an article cites many different pages from the same source, to avoid the redundancy of many big, nearly identical full citations, most Wikipedia editors use one of these options: If a citation without an external link is challenged as unavailable, any of the following is sufficient to show the material to be reasonably available (though not necessarily reliable): providing an ISBN or OCLC number; linking to an established Wikipedia article about the source (the work, its author, or its publisher); or directly quoting the material on the talk page, briefly and in context.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3143
title: Diego Gambetta - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3143.txt
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  In 1983 Gambetta received his PhD in social and political sciences from the University of Cambridge, where his doctoral supervisor was the late social statistician Cathie Marsh.[2] He was first junior and then senior research fellow at King''s College, Cambridge, from 1984 to 1991. In his book "The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection" (published by Harvard University Press in 1993), he brings a new perspective on an extralegal institution like the Mafia by underscoring the market demand for protection that it satisfies and by showing how mafiosi apparently outlandish rituals and behaviours make organisational sense. How Criminals Communicate" (published by Princeton University Press in 2009), applies signalling theory to analyse how credibility of communication is established in a world where trust is under multiple threats. In 2005 he edited "Making Sense of Suicide Missions" (published by Oxford University Press), and he is now working with Steffen Hertog on a book on "Engineers of Jihad" for Princeton University Press.[18]


id: en-wikipedia-org-3156
title: Interpersonal relationship - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3156.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3156.html
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  As emerging adults mature, they begin to develop attachment and caring qualities in their relationships, including love, bonding, security, and support for partners. However, couple studies have found no decline in intimacy nor in the importance of sex, intimacy, and passionate love to those in longer or later-life relationships.[11] Older people tend to be more satisfied in their relationships, but face greater barriers to entering new relationships than do younger or middle-aged people.[12] Older women in particular face social, demographic, and personal barriers; men aged 65 and older are nearly twice as likely as women to be married, and widowers are nearly three times as likely to be dating 18 months following their partner''s loss compared to widows. Relational self theory posits that prior and existing relationships influence one''s emotions and behaviors in interactions with new individuals, particularly those individuals that remind him or her of others in his or her life.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3158
title: Euphoria - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3158.txt
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  Euphoria ( /juːˈfɔːriə/ (listen)) is the experience (or affect) of pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.[1][2] Certain natural rewards and social activities, such as aerobic exercise, laughter, listening to or making music, and dancing, can induce a state of euphoria.[3][4] Euphoria is also a symptom of certain neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders, such as mania.[5] Romantic love and components of the human sexual response cycle are also associated with the induction of euphoria.[6][7][8] Certain drugs, many of which are addictive, can cause euphoria, which at least partially motivates their recreational use.[9] A 1903 article in The Boston Daily Globe refers to euphoria as "pleasant excitement" and "the sense of ease and well-being".[19] In 1920 Popular Science magazine described euphoria as "a high sounding name" meaning "feeling fit": normally making life worth living, motivating drug use, and ill formed in certain mental illnesses.[20] Robert S.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3323
title: Semantic Scholar - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3323.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3323.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Search service for journal articles Publicly released in November 2015, it is designed to be an AI-backed search engine for academic publications.[1] The project uses a combination of machine learning, natural language processing, and machine vision to add a layer of semantic analysis to the traditional methods of citation analysis, and to extract relevant figures, entities, and venues from papers.[2] In comparison to Google Scholar and PubMed, Semantic Scholar is designed to highlight the most important and influential papers, and to identify the connections between them. As of January 2018, following a 2017 project that added biomedical papers and topic summaries, the Semantic Scholar corpus included more than 40 million papers from computer science and biomedicine.[3] In March 2018, Doug Raymond, who developed machine learning initiatives for the Amazon Alexa platform, was hired to lead the Semantic Scholar project.[4] ^ "AI2 scales up Semantic Scholar search engine to encompass biomedical research".


id: en-wikipedia-org-3324
title: Wikipedia:Community portal - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3324.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3324.html
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summary:
  This page provides a listing of current collaborations, tasks, and news about English Wikipedia. Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP), an annual campaign in which Wikipedians across language projects and communities add photos to articles, has started (prizes!). WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia is looking for people who are interested in helping out in our project to get our articles into an audio format that can be used for any number of uses including, but not limited to, visually impaired or people who just prefer to listen to the article instead of reading it for whatever reason they choose. Every month, a topic will be selected from this page that will be the focus of editing for some members of Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3337
title: Nash equilibrium - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3337.txt
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  In game theory, the Nash equilibrium, named after the mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr., is a proposed solution of a non-cooperative game involving two or more players in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by changing only their own strategy.[1] The utilization of Nash Equilibriums, and its principles date data back to the time of Cournot, a prominent Philosopher and mathematician who pioneered the understanding of economic equilibria. The modern game-theoretic concept of Nash equilibrium is instead defined in terms of mixed strategies, where players choose a probability distribution over possible actions (rather than choosing a deterministic action to be played with certainty). The concept of a mixed-strategy equilibrium was introduced by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in their 1944 book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3477
title: Disgust - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3477.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3477.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  In a series of significant studies by Paul Ekman in the 1970s, it was discovered that facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined, but universal across human cultures and thus likely to be biological in origin.[21] The facial expression of disgust was found to be one of these facial expressions. Functional MRI experiments have revealed that the anterior insula in the brain is particularly active when experiencing disgust, when being exposed to offensive tastes, and when viewing facial expressions of disgust.[31] The research has supported that there are independent neural systems in the brain, each handling a specific basic emotion.[4] Specifically, f-MRI studies have provided evidence for the activation of the insula in disgust recognition, as well as visceral changes in disgust reactions such as the feeling of nausea.[4] The importance of disgust recognition and the visceral reaction of "feeling disgusted" is evident when considering the survival of organisms, and the evolutionary benefit of avoiding contamination.[4]


id: en-wikipedia-org-3513
title: Greed - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3513.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3513.html
extension: .html
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  Greed (or avarice) is an uncontrolled longing for increase in the acquisition or use: of material gain (be it food, money, land, or animate/inanimate possessions); or social value, such as status, or power. The Roman Stoic Epictetus also saw the dangerous moral consequences of greed, and so advised the greedy to instead take pride in letting go of the desire for wealth, rather than be like the man with a fever who cannot drink his fill: Karl Marx thought that ''avarice and the desire to get rich are the ruling passions'' in the heart of every burgeoning capitalist, who later develops a ''Faustian conflict'' in his heart ''between the passion for accumulation, and the desire for enjoyment'' of his wealth.[40] He also stated that ''With the possibility of holding and storing up exchange-value in the shape of a particular commodity, arises also the greed for gold'' and that ''Hard work, saving, and avarice are, therefore, [the hoarder''s] three cardinal virtues, and to sell much and buy little the sum of his political economy.''[41] Marx discussed what he saw as the specific nature of the greed of capitalists thusly: 


id: en-wikipedia-org-3522
title: Optimism - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3522.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3522.html
extension: .html
mime: text/html
summary:
  Being optimistic, in the typical sense of the word, is defined as expecting the best possible outcome from any given situation.[1] This is usually referred to in psychology as dispositional optimism. Both optimism and pessimism are strongly influenced by environmental factors, including family environment.[4] It has been suggested that optimism may be indirectly inherited as a reflection of underlying heritable traits such as intelligence, temperament, and alcoholism.[26] There is evidence from twin studies that show, for instance, that the inherited component of the dispositional optimism is about 25 percent, making this trait a stable personality dimension[27] and a predictor of life outcomes.[28] Its genetic origin, which interacts with environmental influences and other risks, also determines the vulnerability to depression across the lifespan.[29] Many theories assume optimism can be learned,[6] and research supports a modest role of family-environment acting to raise (or lower) optimism and lower (or raise) neuroticism and pessimism.[4]


id: en-wikipedia-org-3543
title: Analysis paralysis - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3543.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3543.html
extension: .html
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  Schwartz wrote the article "The Return-on-Investment Concept as a Tool for Decision Making" in Changing Patterns And Concepts In Management stating, "We will do less guessing; avoid the danger of becoming extinct by instinct; and, by the adoption of one uniform evaluation guide, escape succumbing to paralysis by analysis."[8] Igor Ansoff wrote the book Corporate Strategy: An Analytic Approach to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion.[9] He used the phrase "paralysis by analysis" in reference to those who used the approach to excess.[10][11] Ansoff had referenced Schwartz''s paper in couple of his papers.[12] However, according to Ram Charan, indecision in businesses is usually the result of not enough people acting or speaking up about the inefficiencies of the company.[16] Analysis paralysis can also arise from extensive experience or expertise, which serves to increase the number of options and considerations that appear at every decision point.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3548
title: Envy - Wikipedia
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  Envy (from Latin invidia) is an emotion which "occurs when a person lacks another''s superior quality, achievement, or possession and either desires it or wishes that the other lacked it".[1] Psychologists have suggested that real or malicious envy should be distinguished from "benign envy"—malicious envy being proposed as an unpleasant emotion that causes the envious person to want to bring down the better-off even at their own cost, while benign envy involves recognition of other''s being better-off, but causes the person to aspire to be as good.[4][5] However, Sherry Turkle considers that the advent of social media and selfie culture is creating an alienating sense of "self-envy" psyche in users, and posits this further affects problem areas attached to attachments.[6] Envy and gloating have parallel structures as emotions.[7][8]


id: en-wikipedia-org-3610
title: Stereotype - Wikipedia
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  In social psychology, a stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular category of people.[2] It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. Because stereotypes simplify and justify social reality, they have potentially powerful effects on how people perceive and treat one another.[92] As a result, stereotypes can lead to discrimination in labor markets and other domains.[93] For example, Tilcsik (2011) has found that employers who seek job applicants with stereotypically male heterosexual traits are particularly likely to engage in discrimination against gay men, suggesting that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is partly rooted in specific stereotypes and that these stereotypes loom large in many labor markets.[20] Agerström and Rooth (2011) showed that automatic obesity stereotypes captured by the Implicit Association Test can predict real hiring discrimination against the obese.[94] Similarly, experiments suggest that gender stereotypes play an important role in judgments that affect hiring decisions.[95][96]


id: en-wikipedia-org-3611
title: Download as PDF - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3611.txt
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  Download as PDF Wikipedia Trust (social science) Jump to navigation Jump to search Download as PDF Download as PDF Trust_(social_science).pdf Download Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:DownloadAsPdf" Navigation menu Personal tools Talk Create account Log in Log in Namespaces Variants Views Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article Contact us Donate Contribute Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Tools Upload file Upload file Special pages Special pages Printable version Languages Privacy policy About Wikipedia About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement


id: en-wikipedia-org-3628
title: CiteSeerX - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3628.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-3628.html
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mime: text/html
summary:
  CiteSeerx (originally called CiteSeer) is a public search engine and digital library for scientific and academic papers, primarily in the fields of computer and information science. CiteSeer is considered as a predecessor of academic search tools such as Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic Search.[citation needed] CiteSeer-like engines and archives usually only harvest documents from publicly available websites and do not crawl publisher websites. CiteSeerx[2] is a public search engine and digital library and repository for scientific and academic papers primarily with a focus on computer and information science.[2] However, recently CiteSeerx has been expanding into other scholarly domains such as economics, physics and others. CiteSeerx also shares its software, data, databases and metadata with other researchers, currently by Amazon S3 and by rsync.[5] Its new modular open source architecture and software (available previously on SourceForge but now on GitHub) is built on Apache Solr and other Apache and open source tools which allows it to be a testbed for new algorithms in document harvesting, ranking, indexing, and information extraction.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3630
title: Social rejection - Wikipedia
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  A study at Miami University indicated that individuals who recently experienced social rejection were better than both accepted and control participants in their ability to discriminate between real and fake smiles. Social rejection has a large effect on a person''s health. Having poor relationships and being more frequently rejected is predictive of mortality.[49] Also, as long as a decade after the marriage ends, divorced women have higher rates of illness than their non-married or currently married counterparts.[50] In the case of a family estrangement, a core part of the mother''s identity may be betrayed by the rejection of an adult child.[51] The chance for reconciliation, however slight, results in an inability to attain closure.[52] The resulting emotional state and societal stigma from the estrangement may harm psychological and physical health of the parent through end of life.[53][54][55] Psychology Today article on self-esteem and social rejection


id: en-wikipedia-org-364
title: Edward N. Zalta - Wikipedia
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  Abstract object theory, exemplifying and encoding a property as two modes of predication, Platonized naturalism,[4] computational metaphysics Edward Nouri Zalta[6] (/ˈzɔːltə/; born March 16, 1952) is an American philosopher who is a senior research scholar at the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford University. Zalta is also the Principal Editor of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.[7] Zalta''s most notable philosophical position is descended from the position of Alexius Meinong and Ernst Mally,[8] who suggested that there are many non-existent objects. Zalta, Senior Research Scholar, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers


id: en-wikipedia-org-3687
title: Intentional stance - Wikipedia
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  The intentional stance is a term coined by philosopher Daniel Dennett for the level of abstraction in which we view the behavior of an entity in terms of mental properties. Predictions are made on the basis of explanations expressed in terms of meaningful mental states; and, given the task of predicting or explaining the behaviour of a specific agent (a person, animal, corporation, artifact, nation, etc.), it is implicitly assumed that the agent will always act on the basis of its beliefs and desires in order to get precisely what it wants (this could also be called the "folk psychology stance").[18] At this level, we are concerned with such things as belief, thinking and intent. Dennett argues that it is best to understand human behavior at the level of the intentional stance, without making any specific commitments to any deeper reality of the artifacts of folk psychology.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3698
title: Passion (emotion) - Wikipedia
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  Passion can range from eager interest in or admiration for an idea, proposal, or cause; to enthusiastic enjoyment of an interest or activity; to strong attraction, excitement, or emotion towards a person. In an occupation, when an individual is very passionate about their job, they may be so wrapped up in work that they cause pain to their loved ones by focusing more on their job than on their friendships and relationships. Although this might be the emotion they''re feeling, passion is serving as a motivation for them to continue their hobby. This type of passion has a negative effect on a person where they could feel they need to engage in their hobby to continue, for example, interpersonal relationships, or "fit in" with the crowd. Christine Robinson makes the point in her article that, " ...knowledge of your innate motivation can help guide action toward what will be fulfilling." [26] Feeling satisfied and fulfilled builds the passion for the hobby to continue a person''s happiness.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3775
title: Late modernity - Wikipedia
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  Social theorists and sociologists such as Scott Lash, Ulrich Beck, Zygmunt Bauman, and Anthony Giddens maintain (against postmodernists) that modernization continues into the contemporary era, which is thus better conceived as a radical state of late modernity.[2] On technological and social changes since the 1960s, the concept of "late modernity" proposes that contemporary societies are a clear continuation of modern institutional transitions and cultural developments. Bauman stressed the new burden of responsibility that fluid modernism placed on the individual—traditional patterns would be replaced by self-chosen ones.[8] Entry into the globalized society was open to anyone with their own stance and the ability to fund it, in a similar way as was the reception of travellers at the old-fashioned caravanserai.[9] The result is a normative mindset with emphasis on shifting rather than on staying—on provisional in lieu of permanent (or "solid") commitment—which (the new style) can lead a person astray towards a prison of their own existential creation.[10] Liquid Modernity.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)


id: en-wikipedia-org-3778
title: Personal boundaries - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3778.txt
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  Personal boundaries are guidelines, rules or limits that a person creates to identify reasonable, safe and permissible ways for other people to behave towards them and how they will respond when someone passes those limits.[1] They are built out of a mix of conclusions, beliefs, opinions, attitudes, past experiences and social learning.[2][3] This concept or life skill has been widely referenced in self-help books and used in the counseling profession since the mid-1980s.[4] According to some counselors, personal boundaries help to define an individual by outlining likes and dislikes, and setting the distances one allows others to approach.[5] They include physical, mental, psychological and spiritual boundaries, involving beliefs, emotions, intuitions and self-esteem.[6] Jacques Lacan considered such boundaries to be layered in a hierarchy, reflecting "all the successive envelopes of the biological and social status of the person".[7] Personal boundaries operate in two directions, affecting both the incoming and outgoing interactions between people.[8] These are sometimes referred to as the "protection" and "containment" functions.[2]


id: en-wikipedia-org-377
title: Gullibility - Wikipedia
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  Goepp & Kay (1984) state that while both words mean "unduly trusting or confiding", gullibility stresses being duped or made a fool of, suggesting a lack of intelligence, whereas credulity stresses uncritically forming beliefs, suggesting a lack of skepticism.[3] Jewell (2006) states the difference is a matter of degree: the gullible are "the easiest to deceive", while the credulous are "a little too quick to believe something, but they usually aren''t stupid enough to act on it."[4] Yamagishi, Kikuchi & Kosugi (1999) characterize a gullible person as one who is both credulous and naïve.[5] Greenspan (2009) stresses the distinction that gullibility involves an action in addition to a belief, and there is a cause-effect relationship between the two states: "gullible outcomes typically come about through the exploitation of a victim''s credulity."[6] 265 "Gullible is not known to the Oxford English Dictionary before the 19th century..."; cited after Greenspan (2009, p.


id: en-wikipedia-org-3784
title: View source for Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3784.txt
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  View source for Trust (social science) Wikipedia View source for Trust (social science) You are still able to view pages, but you are not currently able to edit, move, or create them. The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption. If you are using a Wikipedia account, you will need to request an IP block exemption by either using the unblock template or by submitting an appeal using the unblock ticket request system. Even if blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page and email other editors and administrators. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_(social_science)"


id: en-wikipedia-org-3816
title: Anger - Wikipedia
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  Regarding the latter, David Hume argues that because "anger and hatred are passions inherent in our very frame and constitution, the lack of them is sometimes evidence of weakness and imbecility".[11] Martha Nussbaum has also agreed that even "great injustice" is no "excuse for childish and undisciplined behavior".[92] Two main differences between the modern understanding and ancient understanding of anger can be detected, Kemp and Strongman state: one is that early philosophers were not concerned with possible harmful effects of the suppression of anger; the other is that, recently, studies of anger take the issue of gender differences into account.[10] Soraya Chemaly has in contrast argued that anger is "a critically useful and positive emotion" which "warns us, as humans, that something is wrong and needs to change" when "being threatened with indignity, physical harm, humiliation and unfairness" and therefore "a powerful force for political good".[93] Furthermore, she argues that women and minorities are not allowed to be angry to the same extent as white men.[93] In a similar vein, Rebecca Traister has argued that holding back anger has been an impediment to the progress of women''s rights.[94]


id: en-wikipedia-org-3827
title: Social capital - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-3827.txt
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  Although she did not explicitly define the term social capital, her usage referred to the value of networks.[14] Political scientist Robert Salisbury advanced the term as a critical component of interest group formation in his 1969 article "An Exchange Theory of Interest Groups" in the Midwest Journal of Political Science. Additionally, in his essay "A Criticism of Putnam''s Theory of Social Capital",[57] Michael Shindler expands upon Berman''s argument that Weimar social clubs and similar associations in countries that did not develop democracy, were organized in such a way that they fostered a "we" instead of an "I" mentality among their members, by arguing that groups which possess cultures that stress solidarity over individuality, even ones that are "horizontally" structured and which were also common to pre-soviet eastern europe, will not engender democracy if they are politically aligned with non-democratic ideologies.[58]


id: en-wikipedia-org-3857
title: Panic - Wikipedia
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  Panic is a sudden sensation of fear, which is so strong as to dominate or prevent reason and logical thinking, replacing it with overwhelming feelings of anxiety and frantic agitation consistent with an animalistic fight-or-flight reaction. In psychology, panic is identified as a disorder and is related strongly to biological and psychological factors and their interactions.[3] A view described one of its incidences as a specific psychological vulnerability of people to interpret normal physical sensations in a catastrophic way.[4] Leonard J. Underwater diving Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving equipment design Gas blending for scuba diving Gas blending for scuba diving List of legislation regulating underwater diving History of underwater diving List of researchers in underwater diving Underwater diving in popular culture ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers Underwater divers Science of underwater diving Oxygen window in diving decompression


id: en-wikipedia-org-3989
title: Government agency - Wikipedia
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  Find sources: "Government agency" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) From the 1980s, as part of New Public Management, several countries including Australia and the United Kingdom developed the use of agencies to improve efficiency in public services. Main article: Federal agency (Germany) Main article: Government agencies in Iceland Russia has had many government agencies throughout its history. Main article: Government agencies in Sweden The Government agencies in Sweden are State controlled organizations who act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden. Main article: List of federal agencies in the United States Also, most of the 50 U.S. states have created similar government agencies. A broader definition of the term "government agency" also means the United States federal executive departments that include the President''s cabinet-level departments, and their sub-units. Categories: Government agencies Independent government agencies by country


id: en-wikipedia-org-4008
title: Nostalgia - Wikipedia
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  Nostalgia is a sentimentality for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations.[1] The word nostalgia is learned formation of a Greek compound, consisting of νόστος (nóstos), meaning "homecoming", a Homeric word, and ἄλγος (álgos), meaning "pain" or "ache", and was coined by a 17th-century medical student to describe the anxieties displayed by Swiss mercenaries fighting away from home.[2] Described as a medical condition—a form of melancholy—in the Early Modern period,[3] it became an important trope in Romanticism.[1] Consistent with its Greek word roots meaning "homecoming" and "pain," nostalgia was for centuries considered a potentially debilitating and sometimes fatal medical condition expressing extreme homesickness.[3] The modern view is that nostalgia is an independent, and even positive, emotion that many people experience often. Occasional nostalgia has been found to have many functions, such as to improve mood, increase social connectedness, enhance positive self-regard, and provide existential meaning. Although nostalgia is often triggered by negative feelings, it results in increasing one''s mood and heightening positive emotions, which can stem from feelings of warmth or coping resulting from nostalgic reflections.


id: en-wikipedia-org-4021
title: Wikipedia:Contents - Wikipedia
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  If, however, you need a bird''s eye view of what Wikipedia has to offer, see its main contents pages below, which in turn list more specific pages. Wikipedia''s main navigation subsystems (overviews, outlines, lists, portals, glossaries, categories, and indices) are each divided into the following subject classifications: Wikipedia:Contents/Overviews lists overview articles from covered fields in a single page. Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines is a comprehensive list of "Outline of __" pages, organized by subject. Wikipedia has "lists of lists" when there are too many items to fit on a single page, when the items can be sorted in different ways, or as a way of navigating lists on a topic (for example Lists of countries and territories or Lists of people). Wikipedia:Contents/Glossaries – A single-page list of glossaries Wikipedia:Contents/Portals – A single-page list of portals Category:Wikipedia indexes – alphabetical list of topic indexes


id: en-wikipedia-org-408
title: Depression (mood) - Wikipedia
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  It can either be short term or long term.[2] The core symptom of depression is said to be anhedonia, which refers to loss of interest or a loss of feeling of pleasure in certain activities that usually bring joy to people.[3] Depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia;[4] it is a normal temporary reaction to life events, such as the loss of a loved one; and it is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments. Life events and changes that may influence depressed moods include (but are not limited to): childbirth, menopause, financial difficulties, unemployment, stress (such as from work, education, family, living conditions etc.), a medical diagnosis (cancer, HIV, etc.), bullying, loss of a loved one, natural disasters, social isolation, rape, relationship troubles, jealousy, separation, or catastrophic injury.[8][9][10][11][12] Adolescents may be especially prone to experiencing a depressed mood following social rejection, peer pressure, or bullying.[13]


id: en-wikipedia-org-4148
title: Library of Congress Control Number - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4148.txt
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  Library of Congress Control Number Wikipedia Library of Congress Control Number Numbering system for catalog records at the Library of Congress The Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) is a serially based system of numbering cataloging records in the Library of Congress in the United States. Although most of the bibliographic information is now electronically created, stored, and shared with other libraries, there is still a need to identify each unique record, and the LCCN continues to perform that function. ^ "Search/Browse Help Number Searches: LC Catalog (Library of Congress)". External links[edit] Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) (bibliographic) (P1144) (see uses) Library of Congress authority ID (P244) (see uses) Library of Congress Name Authority File (NAF) Bibliographic Processing Cataloging Rules: Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) at the Wayback Machine (archived 2016-05-13) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Control_Number&oldid=991611512" Library of Congress Edit links


id: en-wikipedia-org-4176
title: Economic inequality - Wikipedia
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  According to PolitiFact, the top 400 richest Americans "have more wealth than half of all Americans combined."[14][15][16][17] According to The New York Times on July 22, 2014, the "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent".[18] Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start".[19][20] In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), "over 60 percent" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege".[21] A 2017 report by the IPS said that three individuals, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, own as much wealth as the bottom half of the population, or 160 million people, and that the growing disparity between the wealthy and the poor has created a "moral crisis", noting that "we have not witnessed such extreme levels of concentrated wealth and power since the first gilded age a century ago."[22][23] In 2016, the world''s billionaires increased their combined global wealth to a record $6 trillion.[24] In 2017, they increased their collective wealth to 8.9 trillion.[25] In 2018, U.S. income inequality reached the highest level ever recorded by the Census Bureau.[26]


id: en-wikipedia-org-4271
title: User talk:40.76.139.33 - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4271.txt
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  User talk:40.76.139.33 Wikipedia User talk:40.76.139.33 Jump to navigation Jump to search This user is currently blocked. The latest block log entry is provided below for reference: View full log No messages have been posted for this user yet. Post a message to 40.76.139.33. If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function. Titles on Wikipedia are case sensitive except for the first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log, and see Why was the page I created deleted?. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:40.76.139.33" Navigation menu Personal tools Create account Log in Log in User page Create Navigation Main page Tools User contributions User logs Special pages Page information About Wikipedia About Wikipedia Contact Wikipedia


id: en-wikipedia-org-4282
title: File:Levels of trust are higher in more equal rich countries.jpg - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4282.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-4282.html
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  File:Levels of trust are higher in more equal rich countries.jpg Wikipedia File:Levels of trust are higher in more equal rich countries.jpg Jump to navigation Information from its description page there is shown below. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. DescriptionLevels of trust are higher in more equal rich countries.jpg The copyright holder of this file, Wilkinson & Pickett, allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed. Attribution: The Spirit Level, Wilkinson & Pickett, Penguin 2009. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. current 19:09, 14 March 2013 1,280 × 1,024 (85 KB) Pasixxxx User created page with UploadWizard The following pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Levels_of_trust_are_higher_in_more_equal_rich_countries.jpg" Page information


id: en-wikipedia-org-4364
title: Bibcode - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4364.txt
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  For the Wikipedia template to link to bibcoded articles, see Template:bibcode Code used to identify references in certain astronomical data systems The bibcode (also known as the refcode) is a compact identifier used by several astronomical data systems to uniquely specify literature references. The Bibliographic Reference Code (refcode) was originally developed to be used in SIMBAD and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), but it became a de facto standard and is now used more widely, for example, by the NASA Astrophysics Data System who coined and prefer the term "bibcode".[1][2] The 6-digit article ID numbers (in lieu of page numbers) used by the Physical Review publications since the late 1990s are treated as follows: The first two digits of the article ID, corresponding to the issue number, are converted to a lower-case letter (01 = a, etc.) and inserted into column M. Some examples of bibcodes are: Bibcode:1924MNRAS..84..308E. ^ a b c "The ADS Data, help page".


id: en-wikipedia-org-4471
title: View source for Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4471.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-4471.html
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  View source for Trust (social science) Wikipedia The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption. Even if blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page and email other editors and administrators. | year = 2006 | title = Social identity and trust – An experimental investigation | url = http://edoc.mpg.de/300511| journal = The Journal of Socio-Economics | volume = 37 | issue = 4| pages = 1293–1308 | doi = 10.1016/j.socec.2006.12.080 }}</ref> They may be operationalized as [[Unilateralism|unilateral]] or [[bilateral]] relationships of exchange. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_(social_science)"


id: en-wikipedia-org-4485
title: Economic growth - Wikipedia
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  Increases in labor productivity (the ratio of the value of output to labor input) have historically been the most important source of real per capita economic growth.[10][11][12][13][14] "In a famous estimate, MIT Professor Robert Solow concluded that technological progress has accounted for 80 percent of the long-term rise in U.S. per capita income, with increased investment in capital explaining only the remaining 20 percent."[15] Economic growth has traditionally been attributed to the accumulation of human and physical capital and the increase in productivity and creation of new goods arising from technological innovation.[17] Further division of labour (specialization) is also fundamental to rising productivity.[18] Specifically, "democracy increases future GDP by encouraging investment, increasing schooling, inducing economic reforms, improving public goods provision, and reducing social unrest."[71] UNESCO and the United Nations also consider that cultural property protection, high-quality education, cultural diversity and social cohesion in armed conflicts are particularly necessary for qualitative growth.[72]


id: en-wikipedia-org-4491
title: Desire - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4491.txt
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  In affective neuroscience, "desire" and "wanting" are operationally defined as motivational salience;[10][11] the form of "desire" or "wanting" associated with a rewarding stimulus (i.e., a stimulus which acts as a positive reinforcer, such as palatable food, an attractive mate, or an addictive drug) is called "incentive salience" and research has demonstrated that incentive salience, the sensation of pleasure, and positive reinforcement are all derived from neuronal activity within the reward system.[10][12][13] Studies have shown that dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell and endogenous opioid signaling in the ventral pallidum are at least partially responsible for mediating an individual''s desire (i.e., incentive salience) for a rewarding stimulus and the subjective perception of pleasure derived from experiencing or "consuming" a rewarding stimulus (e.g., pleasure derived from eating palatable food, sexual pleasure from intercourse with an attractive mate, or euphoria from using an addictive drug).[11][12][13][14][15][16] Research also shows that the orbitofrontal cortex has connections to both the opioid and dopamine systems, and stimulating this cortex is associated with subjective reports of pleasure.[17]


id: en-wikipedia-org-4492
title: File:Share of people agreeing with the statement "most people can be trusted", OWID.svg - Wikipedia
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  File:Share of people agreeing with the statement "most people can be trusted", OWID.svg Wikipedia File:Share of people agreeing with the statement "most people can be trusted", OWID.svg Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. DescriptionShare of people agreeing with the statement "most people can be trusted", OWID.svg Share of people agreeing with the statement "most people can be trusted" You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited." This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. The following pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Share_of_people_agreeing_with_the_statement_%22most_people_can_be_trusted%22,_OWID.svg"


id: en-wikipedia-org-4596
title: Category:Accountability - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4596.txt
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  Category:Accountability Wikipedia Category:Accountability Jump to navigation Jump to search The main article for this category is Accountability. This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. ► Transparency (behavior)‎ (2 C, 30 P) Pages in category "Accountability" The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more). Accountable Now Accountable Now Algorithmic transparency Blame in organizations Consent of the governed Economic transparency Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption Governance Judicial independence Judicial independence in Australia Triple bottom line Trust (social science) World Bank''s Inspection Panel Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Accountability&oldid=733384353" Categories: Anti-corruption measures Social concepts Social epistemology Category Views View history Navigation Learn to edit Recent changes Edit links This page was last edited on 7 August 2016, at 12:47 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Privacy policy Mobile view


id: en-wikipedia-org-4691
title: Information system - Wikipedia
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  Information Systems is an academic study of systems with a specific reference to information and the complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and also distribute data. Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision-making.[9][10] An information system is the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, and also the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.[11] The domain of study of IS involves the study of theories and practices related to the social and technological phenomena, which determine the development, use, and effects of information systems in organizations and society.[52] But, while there may be considerable overlap of the disciplines at the boundaries, the disciplines are still differentiated by the focus, purpose, and orientation of their activities.[53] "Design Science in Information Systems Research".


id: en-wikipedia-org-4710
title: Cristina Bicchieri - Wikipedia
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  She is the S.J.P. Harvie Professor of Social Thought and Comparative Ethics in the Philosophy and Psychology Departments at the University of Pennsylvania, professor of Legal Studies in the Wharton School, and director of the Philosophy, Politics and Economics program.[1] She has worked on problems in the philosophy of social science, rational choice and game theory.[1] More recently, her work has focused on the nature and evolution of social norms, and the design of behavioral experiments to test under which conditions norms will be followed.[1] She is a leader in the field of behavioral ethics and is the director of the Behavioral Ethics Lab (BeLab) at the University of Pennsylvania.[2] Bicchieri is especially known for her work regarding the epistemic foundations of game theory and social norms.[1] Her recent experimental work is a major contribution to behavioral ethics,[2] as it shows how different kind of expectations influence pro-social behavior. Bicchieri,The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms (Cambridge University Press, 2006)


id: en-wikipedia-org-4776
title: Heuristic - Wikipedia
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  In psychology, heuristics are simple, efficient rules, learned or inculcated by evolutionary processes, that have been proposed to explain how people make decisions, come to judgments, and solve problems typically when facing complex problems or incomplete information. The study of heuristics in human decision-making was developed in the 1970s and the 1980s by the psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman[8] although the concept had been originally introduced by the Nobel laureate Herbert A. Gerd Gigerenzer and his research group argued that models of heuristics need to be formal to allow for predictions of behavior that can be tested.[12] They study the fast and frugal heuristics in the "adaptive toolbox" of individuals or institutions, and the ecological rationality of these heuristics; that is, the conditions under which a given heuristic is likely to be successful.[13] The descriptive study of the "adaptive toolbox" is done by observation and experiment, the prescriptive study of the ecological rationality requires mathematical analysis and computer simulation.


id: en-wikipedia-org-4832
title: Category:Social constructionism - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4832.txt
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  Category:Social constructionism Wikipedia Category:Social constructionism Jump to navigation Wikimedia Commons has media related to Social constructionism. The main article for this category is Social constructionism. Pages in category "Social constructionism" The following 170 pages are in this category, out of 170 total. Social constructionism Social construct theory of ADHD Anthropological theories of value Critical race theory Social construction of disability Framing (social sciences) Social construction of gender Gender and development Mary Gergen Jackson Katz Postmodern social construction of nature Social reality Social construction of schizophrenia Social construction of the body Social model of disability Social nature Social occultation Social polarization Social psychology (sociology) Sociology of gender Social construction of technology Trust (social science) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Social_constructionism&oldid=969672337" Categories: Communication theory Social concepts Social engineering (political science) Social epistemology Sociological theories Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-4850
title: Social identity approach - Wikipedia
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  Social identity model of deindividuation effects[edit] Main article: Social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) The theory consists of a range of different self-categories that define people as unique individuals or in terms of their membership to specific social groups and other, broader social categories based on the context of the situation. Intergroup emotion theory further expands on the concept of personally significant group memberships as posed by social identity and self-categorization theories. "Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization theories". A. Haslam (Eds.), The message of social psychology: Perspectives on mind in society (pp. "Motivating Individuals and Groups at Work: A Social Identity Perspective on Leadership and Group Performance". "A social identity theory of leadership". "Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts". "Knowing Me, Knowing You: Anonymity Effects on Social Identity Processes within Groups". "The Social Identity Perspective in Intergroup Relations: Theories, Themes, and Controversies".


id: en-wikipedia-org-4861
title: Talk:Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
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  Trust (social science) has been listed as a level-4 vital article in Society. If you would like to support the project, please visit the project page, where you can get more details on how you can help, and where you can join the general discussion about philosophy content on Wikipedia.PhilosophyWikipedia:WikiProject PhilosophyTemplate:WikiProject PhilosophyPhilosophy articles Trust sociology or also Economics / Social Psychology[edit] Hi all, I think recent additions have balanced the article towards the 3 main disciplines investigating trust (Economics, Sociology, Psychology). I support the relationship between Trust and being trustworthy is a key one — Preceding unsigned comment added by SteveTMcds (talk • contribs) 11:38, 10 January 2015 (UTC) In addition to all of the previous comments that I placed on the emotional intimacy page, you must make sure that some of the words that you used in your text will link back to the Wikipedia articles that go with them.


id: en-wikipedia-org-4885
title: User contributions for 40.76.139.33 - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4885.txt
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  User contributions for 40.76.139.33 Wikipedia For 40.76.139.33 talk block log logs filter log This IP address is currently blocked. The latest block log entry is provided below for reference: This IP address is currently globally blocked. The global block log entry is provided below for reference: 20:12, 23 July 2019: Jon Kolbert (meta.wikimedia.org) globally blocked 40.76.0.0/16 (global block log) (expires on 23 January 2022 at 20:12) (Open Proxy: Webhost: Contact stewards if you are affected <!-Microsoft Azure-->) User talk Wikipedia talk File talk MediaWiki talk Template talk Help talk Category talk Portal talk Book talk Draft talk Education Program talk TimedText talk Module talk Gadget talk Gadget definition talk Only show edits that are page creations This is the contributions page for an IP user, identified by the user''s IP address. Many IP addresses change periodically, and are often shared by several users. Talk Talk User contributions User logs


id: en-wikipedia-org-4927
title: Template talk:Emotion - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4927.txt
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  Template talk:Emotion Wikipedia This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Emotion template. As I understand the situation, having read a substantial amount of psychological literature (and the emotion article, of course), there is no definitive or even commonly used or agreed taxonomy of emotion. i am really impressed with the wikipedia crew.its a wonderful coordination which contributes to the fully fledged information page.keep on the spirits.you are already being acclaimed for your exceptional work (deepti,mauritius) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.27.88.136 (talk) 12:03, 10 December 2007 (UTC) I think that in the end of it all, everybody says that they do not care what people think of what they may or may not type on this emotion wikipedia page. I did manage to keep the (less used) Template:Emotion-footer somewhat coherent, but even there editors do not care about sourcing, about changing sourced lists to things that are in no way related to source etc etc.


id: en-wikipedia-org-4988
title: File:Levels of trust are higher in more equal US states.jpg - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4988.txt
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  File:Levels of trust are higher in more equal US states.jpg Wikipedia File:Levels of trust are higher in more equal US states.jpg Jump to navigation Information from its description page there is shown below. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. Licence: The slides (and the graphs contained within them) can be downloaded and used freely without permission, on condition you acknowledge their source: The Spirit Level, Wilkinson & Pickett, Penguin 2009. The copyright holder of this file, Wilkinson & Pickett, allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed. Attribution: The Spirit Level, Wilkinson & Pickett, Penguin 2009. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. current 19:09, 14 March 2013 1,280 × 1,024 (93 KB) Pasixxxx User created page with UploadWizard Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Levels_of_trust_are_higher_in_more_equal_US_states.jpg" Page information


id: en-wikipedia-org-5025
title: Trust metric - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5025.txt
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  Trust escapes a simple measurement because its meaning is too subjective for universally reliable metrics, and the fact that it is a mental process, unavailable to instruments. Empirical metrics focusing on supporting the capture of values of trust in a reliable and standardized way; Despite the sophistication of the subjective opinion representation, the particular value of a four-tuple related to trust can be easily derived from a series of binary opinions about a particular actor or event, thus providing a strong link between this formal metric and empirically observable behaviour. Fuzzy systems ( [35] ), as a trust metrics can link natural language expressions with a meaningful numerical analysis. Properties of trust metrics[edit] The free software developer resource Advogato is based on a novel approach to attack-resistant trust metrics of Raph Levien. (2004) On the Formal Modelling of Trust in Reputation-Based Systems. Advogato''s trust metric. Trust Metrics – by P2P Foundation


id: en-wikipedia-org-505
title: Identity (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-505.txt
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  Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it can dictate to a significant[quantify] degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature.[citation needed] Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. Following on from the work of Kelly, Erikson (1902–1994), Tajfel (1919–1982) and others, Weinreich''s Identity Structure Analysis (ISA), is "a structural representation of the individual''s existential experience, in which the relationships between self and other agents are organised in relatively stable structures over time … with the emphasis on the socio-cultural milieu in which self relates to other agents and institutions".[13] Using constructs drawn from the salient discourses of the individual, the group and cultural norms, the practical operationalisation of ISA provides a methodology that maps how these are used by the individual, applied across time and milieus by the "situated self" to appraise self and other agents and institutions (for example, resulting in the individual''s evaluation of self and significant others and institutions).[citation needed] Individuals'' identities are situated, but also contextual, situationally adaptive and changing. For example, in work relating to social identity theory it has been shown that merely crafting cognitive distinction between inand out-groups can lead to subtle effects on people''s evaluations of others (Cote & Levine 2002).[16]


id: en-wikipedia-org-5125
title: Erik Erikson - Wikipedia
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  Erik Homburger Erikson (born Erik Salomonsen; 15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) was a German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychological development of human beings. Helene Deutsch and Edward Bibring supervised his initial treatment of an adult.[17] Simultaneously he studied the Montessori method of education, which focused on child development and sexual stages.[18][failed verification] In 1933 he received his diploma from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. In the United States, Erikson became the first child psychoanalyst in Boston and held positions at Massachusetts General Hospital, the Judge Baker Guidance Center, and at Harvard Medical School and Psychological Clinic, establishing a singular reputation as a clinician. Erikson won a Pulitzer Prize[32] and a US National Book Award in category Philosophy and Religion[33] for Gandhi''s Truth (1969), which focused more on his theory as applied to later phases in the life cycle.


id: en-wikipedia-org-5139
title: Economics - Wikipedia
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  Smith discusses potential benefits of specialization by division of labour, including increased labour productivity and gains from trade, whether between town and country or across countries.[39] His "theorem" that "the division of labor is limited by the extent of the market" has been described as the "core of a theory of the functions of firm and industry" and a "fundamental principle of economic organization."[40] To Smith has also been ascribed "the most important substantive proposition in all of economics" and foundation of resource-allocation theory – that, under competition, resource owners (of labour, land, and capital) seek their most profitable uses, resulting in an equal rate of return for all uses in equilibrium (adjusted for apparent differences arising from such factors as training and unemployment).[41]


id: en-wikipedia-org-520
title: Cooperation - Wikipedia
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  Humans cooperate for the same reasons as other animals: immediate benefit, genetic relatedness, and reciprocity, but also for particularly human reasons, such as honesty signaling (indirect reciprocity), cultural group selection, and for reasons having to do with cultural evolution.[1] Cooperation is common in non-human animals. Besides cooperation with an immediate benefit for both actors, this behavior appears to occur mostly between relatives.[1] Spending time and resources assisting a related individual may at first seem destructive to the organism''s chances of survival but is actually beneficial over the long-term. Studies conducted on red wolves support previous researchers''[8] contention that helpers obtain both immediate and long-term gains from cooperative breeding. Field evidence for direct benefits of helping behavior in a cooperatively breeding fish". "Kin Discrimination and the Benefit of Helping in Cooperatively Breeding Vertebrates". Herbert Gintis, Samuel Bowles, A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution, Princeton University Press, 2011, 


id: en-wikipedia-org-5218
title: Pride - Wikipedia
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  With a positive connotation, pride refers to a content sense of attachment toward one''s own or another''s choices and actions, or toward a whole group of people, and is a product of praise, independent self-reflection, and a fulfilled feeling of belonging. Philosophers and social psychologists have noted that pride is a complex secondary emotion which requires the development of a sense of self and the mastery of relevant conceptual distinctions (e.g. that pride is distinct from happiness and joy) through language-based interaction with others.[3] Some social psychologists identify the nonverbal expression of pride as a means of sending a functional, automatically perceived signal of high social status.[4] In contrast, pride could also be defined as a lowly disagreement with the truth. In psychological terms, positive pride is "a pleasant, sometimes exhilarating, emotion that results from a positive self-evaluation".[16] It was added by Tracy et al.


id: en-wikipedia-org-5265
title: Postmodernity - Wikipedia
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  Postmodernity is a condition or a state of being associated with changes to institutions and creations (Giddens, 1990) and with social and political results and innovations, globally but especially in the West since the 1950s, whereas postmodernism is an aesthetic, literary, political or social philosophy, the "cultural and intellectual phenomenon", especially since the 1920s'' new movements in the arts. Both of these terms are used by philosophers, social scientists and social critics to refer to aspects of contemporary culture, economics and society that are the result of features of late 20th century and early 21st century life, including the fragmentation of authority and the commoditization of knowledge (see "Modernity").[citation needed] Seyla Benhabib (1995) and Judith Butler (1995) pursue this debate in relation to feminist politics, Benhabib arguing that postmodern critique comprises three main elements; an anti-foundationalist concept of the subject and identity, the death of history and of notions of teleology and progress, and the death of metaphysics defined as the search for objective truth.


id: en-wikipedia-org-5360
title: Surprise (emotion) - Wikipedia
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  Surprise (pronunciation (help·info)) is a brief mental and physiological state, a startle response experienced by animals and humans as the result of an unexpected event. Non-verbal responses to surprise can also be affected by voice inflection, distance, time, environment, volume, rate, quality, pitch, speaking style, and even the level of eye contact made by an individual trying to cause a surprise.[11] These non-verbal cues help to define whether the perceived surprise will have a positive or negative valence and to what degree the surprise will be induced by the individual. A positive violation of expectations that could result in a positive surprise may include a low credibility source making a persuasive argument that leads to the change of beliefs or emotions thus enhancing the speakers credibility.[12] The move from a low credibility source to a high credibility source can elicit a positive surprise among individuals. This response generally has a negative valence in terms of surprise. "Looking Past Pleasure: Anger, Confusion, Disgust, Pride, Surprise, and Other Unusual Aesthetic Emotions" (PDF).


id: en-wikipedia-org-5376
title: Help:Authority control - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5376.txt
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  Help:Authority control Wikipedia Wikipedia help page about authority control For editor information, see Wikipedia:Authority control. Wikipedia information page Authority control is a way of associating a unique identifier to articles on Wikipedia. When used, authority control data links can be found near the bottom of Wikipedia pages, linking to bibliographical records on worldwide library catalogs. Authority control enables researchers to search more easily for pertinent information on the subject of an article, without needing to disambiguate the subject manually. More generally, authority control is a method of creating and maintaining index terms for bibliographical material in a library catalogue. The abbreviations in the box represent the following: Virtual International Authority File (VIAF); Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN); Standard Name Identifier (ISNI); and Integrated Authority File (GND), Gemeinsame Normdatei in German. Main page: Module:Authority control Supported authority files on the English Wikipedia include, among others: Categories: Wikipedia information pages


id: en-wikipedia-org-5382
title: Category:Emotions - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5382.txt
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  Category:Emotions Wikipedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emotions. This category includes articles about specific emotions. For articles about other subjects related to emotion, see Category:Emotion and its other subcategories. Pages in category "Emotions" The following 142 pages are in this category, out of 142 total. Affection Animal grief Aversion to happiness Differential Emotions Scale Ecstasy (emotion) Emotional security Grief Guilt (emotion) Indignation Interest (emotion) Isolation (psychology) Outrage (emotion) Passion (emotion) Emotional promiscuity Rage (emotion) Rage (emotion) Relaxation (psychology) Relief (emotion) Reverence (emotion) Righteous indignation Self-pity Social emotions Sorrow (emotion) Surprise (emotion) Suspicion (emotion) Unipolar emotions Valence (psychology) Wonder (emotion) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Emotions&oldid=988609595" Categories: Emotion Categories: Emotion Psychological concepts Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata Personal tools Category Views View history Navigation Edit links By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Privacy policy Mobile view


id: en-wikipedia-org-5421
title: Agency (sociology) - Wikipedia
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  In social science, agency is defined as the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices. By contrast, structure are those factors of influence (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, ability, customs, etc.) that determine or limit an agent and their decisions.[1] The influences from structure and agency are debated—it is unclear to what extent a person''s actions are constrained by social systems. These ideas were the point of departure for concerns regarding non-rational, norm-oriented action in classical sociological theory contrasting with the views on the rational instrumental action.[2] Social psychologist Daniel Wegner discusses how an "illusion of control" may cause people to take credit for events that they did not cause.[5] These false judgments of agency occur especially under stress, or when the results of the event were ones that the individual desired (also see self-serving biases). Children''s sense of agency[edit] Collective agency occurs when people act together, such as a social movement. Agency in conversation[edit]


id: en-wikipedia-org-5479
title: Self-categorization theory - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5479.txt
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  Self-categorization theory is a theory in social psychology that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms.[1] Although the theory is often introduced as an explanation of psychological group formation (which was one of its early goals), it is more accurately thought of as general analysis of the functioning of categorization processes in social perception and interaction that speaks to issues of individual identity as much as group phenomena.[2] It was developed by John Turner and colleagues, and along with social identity theory it is a constituent part of the social identity approach.


id: en-wikipedia-org-5569
title: Ghuraba (Islam) - Wikipedia
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  Ghuraba (Islam) Wikipedia Ghuraba or Al-Ghurabaa (Arabic: الغرباء‎‏‎ al-Ghurabā'') is an Islamic eschatological epithet mentioned in the hadith that vicariously describes the manner in which upright Muslims are perceived by the wider society. Overview[edit] The most authentic hadith collection that discusses the Ghuraba in detail is Sahih Muslim. Sahih Bukhari also alludes being a stranger as the correct conduct and etiquette in the narration "Live in this world as though you are a stranger or a traveler".[2] Saudi cleric al-Ouda described Ghuraba as meaning solitary people or loners.[3] An Arabic journal described the term Ghuraba as meaning foreigner.[4] Demographics[edit] There are other hadiths wherein the term Ghuraba alludes to its sobriquets being a minority within wider society. Scripture[edit] Subsets[edit] References[edit] ^ a b c https://www.abukhadeejah.com/who-are-the-true-ghuraba-the-strangers-in-these-times-islam-began-as-something-strange-and-it-will-return-to-being-strange-just-as-it-began/ Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghuraba_(Islam)&oldid=987979092" Hidden categories: Articles with short description Articles containing Arabic-language text This page was last edited on 10 November 2020, at 10:30 (UTC).


id: en-wikipedia-org-5674
title: Worry - Wikipedia
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  Worry refers to the thoughts, images, emotions, and actions of a negative nature in a repetitive, uncontrollable manner that results from a proactive cognitive risk analysis made to avoid or solve anticipated potential threats and their potential consequences.[1] Perseverative Cognition (a collective term for continuous thinking about negative events in the past or in the future).[2] As an emotion "worry" is experienced from anxiety or concern about a real or imagined issue, often personal issues such as health or finances, or external broader issues such as environmental pollution, social structure or technological change. The worry system is activated from exposure to a potential triggering event, traumatic experience or vulnerability, this brings worrisome thoughts and feelings which bring about physical stress reactions and response to avoid worrisome behavior, to ensure allostasis. "A cognitive model of pathological worry".


id: en-wikipedia-org-5691
title: Neuroscience - Wikipedia
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  Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system.[1] It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, mathematical modeling, and psychology to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons and neural circuits.[2][3][4][5][6] The understanding of the biological basis of learning, memory, behavior, perception, and consciousness has been described by Eric Kandel as the "ultimate challenge" of the biological sciences.[7] The scope of neuroscience has broadened over time to include different approaches used to study the nervous system at different scales and the techniques used by neuroscientists have expanded enormously, from molecular and cellular studies of individual neurons to imaging of sensory, motor and cognitive tasks in the brain. For example, neuroscience research on empathy solicited an interesting interdisciplinary debate involving philosophy, psychology and psychopathology.[36] Moreover, the neuroscientific identification of multiple memory systems related to different brain areas has challenged the idea of memory as a literal reproduction of the past, supporting a view of memory as a generative, constructive and dynamic process.[37]


id: en-wikipedia-org-5708
title: Category:Pages with missing ISBNs - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5708.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-5708.html
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  Category:Pages with missing ISBNs Wikipedia Category:Pages with missing ISBNs Jump to navigation This is a maintenance category, used for maintenance of the Wikipedia project. Pages are added to this category by Template:ISBN missing. These categories are used to track, build and organize lists of pages needing "attention en masse" (for example, pages using deprecated syntax), or that may need to be edited at someone''s earliest convenience. Pages in category "Pages with missing ISBNs" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 813 total. John Adams (mutineer) Battle of Tres Castillos John Brooke-Little Charles W. Charles W. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Pages_with_missing_ISBNs&oldid=951856236" Categories: Wikipedia articles with missing information Template Category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with 601–900 pages Category Page information This page was last edited on 19 April 2020, at 07:51 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-5714
title: Swift trust theory - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5714.txt
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  Swift trust is a form of trust occurring in temporary organizational structures, which can include quick starting groups or teams. The cognitive components of swift trust relate to collective perceptions of the group that are immediately apparent and are based on expectations related to social identities and self-categorizations.[1][13] When individual group members are not able to rely on prior interactions with other team members, they rely on these social or self-categories to promote favorable in-group beliefs and actions that foster early trusting behavior. According to Meyerson et al.,[1] swift trust erodes with "deviations from or violations of group norms and presumptions about competent...behavior" of the team (p. Swift trust in different work teams[edit] Swift trust in global virtual teams[edit] Swift trust in global virtual teams trusting beliefs and normative actions.


id: en-wikipedia-org-572
title: International Standard Book Number - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-572.txt
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  International Standard Book Number A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code The initial ISBN identification format was devised in 1967, based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) created in 1966. The ISBN registration group identifier is a 1to 5-digit number that is valid within a single prefix element (i.e. one of 978 or 979),[15]:11 and can be separated between hyphens, such as "978-1-...". The original 9-digit standard book number (SBN) had no registration group identifier, but prefixing a zero (0) to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid 10-digit ISBN. The web site of the ISBN agency does not offer any free method of looking up publisher codes.[45] Partial lists have been compiled (from library catalogs) for the English-language groups: identifier 0 and identifier 1. "International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) System original 1966 report". ISO 2108: International Standard Book Number (ISBN) ISO 2108: International Standard Book Number (ISBN)


id: en-wikipedia-org-5765
title: Social actions - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5765.txt
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  According to Max Weber, "an Action is ''social'' if the acting individual takes account of the behavior of others and is thereby oriented in its course". The basic concept was primarily developed in the non-positivist theory of Max Weber to observe how human behaviors relate to cause and effect in the social realm. According to Weber, heterogeneous actors and groups that are competing, find it hard to settle on a certain medium and understand the common social action; Social action models help explain Social Outcomes because of basic sociological ideas such as the Looking Glass Self. Action theory (sociology) Parsons, Talcott (1968), The structure of social action: a study in social theory with special reference to a group of recent European writers, New York: Free Press ^ Weber, Max The Nature of Social Action in Runciman, W.G. ^ Weber, Max The Nature of Social Action in Runciman, W.G.


id: en-wikipedia-org-5822
title: Uncertainty - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5822.txt
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  Uncertainty arises in partially observable and/or stochastic environments, as well as due to ignorance, indolence, or both.[1] It arises in any number of fields, including insurance, philosophy, physics, statistics, economics, finance, psychology, sociology, engineering, metrology, meteorology, ecology and information science. Although the terms are used in various ways among the general public, many specialists in decision theory, statistics and other quantitative fields have defined uncertainty, risk, and their measurement as: Quantitative uses of the terms uncertainty and risk are fairly consistent from fields such as probability theory, actuarial science, and information theory. Because the general public (in the United States) generally trusts scientists, when science stories are covered without alarm-raising cues from special interest organizations (religious groups, environmental organizations, political factions, etc.) they are often covered in a business related sense, in an economic-development frame or a social progress frame.[18] The nature of these frames is to downplay or eliminate uncertainty, so when economic and scientific promise are focused on early in the issue cycle, as has happened with coverage of plant biotechnology and nanotechnology in the United States, the matter in question seems more definitive and certain.[18]


id: en-wikipedia-org-5842
title: Position of trust - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5842.txt
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  Position of trust Wikipedia According to another common definition, it is any position of authority over another person or within an organization, for example as a supervisor. Crimes committed by a person in a position of trust may be penalized more severely under the law, and those wishing to occupy positions of trust may be subject to special restrictions such as background checks. A typical position of trust at the personal level involves child custody or power of attorney. In the Netherlands, incest itself is not prosecutable,[citation needed] but if an adult commits incest with a family member that is a minor, the adult can be prosecuted for abusing his/her position of trust. ^ law.jrank.org[permanent dead link] Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Position_of_trust&oldid=991514698" Articles with permanently dead external links Articles needing additional references from December 2006 All articles needing additional references


id: en-wikipedia-org-586
title: Oxytocin - Wikipedia
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  It is normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.[3] It plays a role in social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth.[4] Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to love and in labor.[5][6] This helps with birth, bonding with the baby, and milk production.[6][7] Outside the brain, oxytocin-containing cells have been identified in several diverse tissues, including in females in the corpus luteum[36][37] and the placenta;[38] in males in the testicles'' interstitial cells of Leydig;[39] and in both sexes in the retina,[40] the adrenal medulla,[41] the thymus[42] and the pancreas.[43] The finding of significant amounts of this classically "neurohypophysial" hormone outside the central nervous system raises many questions regarding its possible importance in these diverse tissues. Vasopressin appears to have a similar effect in males.[69] Oxytocin has a role in social behaviors in many species, so it likely also does in humans.


id: en-wikipedia-org-5892
title: Power (social and political) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5892.txt
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  This milieu (both artificial and natural) appears as a target of intervention for power according to Foucault which is radically different from the previous notions on sovereignty, territory and disciplinary space inter woven into from a social and political relations which function as a species (biological species).[9] Foucault originated and developed the concept of "docile bodies" in his book Discipline and Punish. A general definition has been provided by the anthropologist David Graeber as ''a collection of social institutions set in opposition to the state and capital: from self-governing communities to radical labor unions to popular militias''.[23] Graeber also notes that counter-power can also be referred to as ''anti-power'' and ''when institutions [of counter-power] maintain themselves in the face of the state, this is usually referred to as a ''dual power'' situation''.[23] Tim Gee, in his 2011 book Counterpower: Making Change Happen,[24] put forward a theory that those disempowered by governments'' and elite groups'' power can use counterpower to counter this.[25] In Gee''s model, counterpower is split into three categories: idea counterpower, economic counterpower, and physical counterpower.[24]


id: en-wikipedia-org-5919
title: Horror and terror - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5919.txt
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summary:
  Horror and terror Wikipedia Standard literary and psychological concept applied especially to Gothic literature and film The distinction between horror and terror is a standard literary and psychological concept applied especially to Gothic and horror fiction.[1] Terror is usually described as the feeling of dread and anticipation that precedes the horrifying experience. Horror fiction[edit] In his non-fiction book Danse Macabre, Stephen King stressed how horror tales normally chart the outbreak of madness/the terrible within an everyday setting.[6] He also elaborated on the twin themes of terror and horror, adding a third element which he referred to as "revulsion". Psychoanalytic views[edit] Horror, helplessness and trauma[edit] Helplessness is also a factor in the overwhelming experience of real horror in psychological trauma.[13] Playing at re-experiencing the trauma may be a helpful way of overcoming it.[14] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Horror Julian Hanich (2010) Cinematic Emotion in Horror Films and Thrillers. Social emotional development


id: en-wikipedia-org-591
title: Skill - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-591.txt
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  A joint ASTD and U.S. Department of Labor study showed that through technology, the workplace is changing, and identified 16 basic skills that employees must have to be able to change with it.[1] Three broad categories of skills are suggested and these are technical, human, and conceptual.[2] The first two can be substituted with hard and soft skills, respectively.[3] Hard skills[edit] Labor skills[edit] Main article: Skill (labor) Life skills[edit] Main article: Life skills People skills[edit] Main article: People skills A British definition is "the ability to communicate effectively with people in a friendly way, especially in business."[9] The term is not listed yet in major US dictionaries.[10] Social skills[edit] Main article: Social skills The process of learning such skills is called socialization. Soft skills[edit] Main article: Soft skills Retrieved 28 April 2018.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Skills.


id: en-wikipedia-org-595
title: Faith - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-595.txt
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  In the Bahá''í Faith, faith is meant, first, conscious knowledge, and second, the practice of good deeds,[citation needed] ultimately the acceptance of the divine authority of the Manifestations of God.[11] In the religion''s view, faith and knowledge are both required for spiritual growth.[11] Faith involves more than outward obedience to this authority, but also must be based on a deep personal understanding of religious teachings.[11] Peter S Williams[55] holds that "the classic Christian tradition has always valued rationality, and does not hold that faith involves the complete abandonment of reason while believing in the teeth of evidence."[page needed] Quoting Moreland, faith is defined as "a trust in and commitment to what we have reason to believe is true."


id: en-wikipedia-org-5979
title: Self-pity - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5979.txt
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summary:
  Self-pity is an emotion "directed towards others with the goal of attracting attention, empathy, or help" and one in which the subject feels sorry for (feels pity for) themselves.[1] This can also be combined with antagonistic views against others as their pity to themselves becomes jealousy to the people around.[citation needed] Even if this can be diagnosed based on an event, it is not restricted towards that alone as anybody can fall victim to feeling sorry for one''s self. While looking into the science of psychology, the personalities that mostly respond to experiencing self-pity are moody and most likely experience feelings of anxiety, anger, loneliness, etc.[citation needed] In other words, people that are {unable to self regulate} are more likely to have self-pity for the most of their lifespan.[citation needed] There is also evidence that the effect of self-pity can depend on gender, with women being more vulnerable and more likely to go through with that cause.[citation needed]


id: en-wikipedia-org-6015
title: Jealousy - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6015.txt
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  "Romantic jealousy is here defined as a complex of thoughts, feelings, and actions which follow threats to self-esteem and/or threats to the existence or quality of the relationship, when those threats are generated by the perception of potential attraction between one''s partner and a (perhaps imaginary) rival."[17] Psychologists Laura Guerrero and Peter Andersen have proposed the same distinction.[28] They claim the jealous person "perceives that he or she possesses a valued relationship, but is in danger of losing it or at least of having it altered in an undesirable manner," whereas the envious person "does not possess a valued commodity, but wishes to possess it." Gerrod Parrott draws attention to the distinct thoughts and feelings that occur in jealousy and envy.[29][30] The research identified that if a person valued long-term relationships more than being sexually exclusive, those individuals were more likely to demonstrate jealousy over emotional rather than physical infidelity.[44]


id: en-wikipedia-org-6039
title: Knowledge sharing - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6039.txt
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summary:
  Knowledge sharing is an activity through which knowledge (namely, information, skills, or expertise) is exchanged among people, friends, peers, families, communities (for example, Wikipedia), or within or between organizations.[1][2][3] Knowledge sharing is part of the Knowledge management process.[4] In industrial organization, Bhattacharya, Glazer, and Sappington (1992) have emphasized the importance of knowledge sharing in research joint ventures in a context of imperfect competition.[30] In the theory of incomplete contracts, Rosenkranz and Schmitz (1999, 2003) have used the Grossman-Hart-Moore property rights approach to study how knowledge sharing is affected by the underlying ownership structure.[31][32] (2012) have made comprehensive literature review of knowledge management barriers and facilitators.[43] Barriers are considered to be obstacles that hinder knowledge acquisition, creation, sharing and transfer in and between organizations based on individual, socio-organizational or technological reasons. Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know, 2nd Edition.


id: en-wikipedia-org-60
title: View source for Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-60.txt
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  |year=2012 |title=Two experimental tests of trust in in-group strangers: The moderating role of common knowledge of group membership |journal=European Journal of Social Psychology |volume=42 |pages=30–35 |doi=10.1002/ejsp.852}}</ref><ref name="Foddy2009" /> [[Stereotype|stereotypes]],<ref name="Foddy2009">{{cite journal |last1=Foddy |first1=M. |s2cid=29922902 |year=2009 |title=Group-based trust in strangers: The role of stereotypes and expectations |journal=Psychological Science |volume=20 |issue=4|pages=419–422 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02312.x|pmid=19399956 }}</ref> or the need to maintain the group''s positive distinctiveness.<ref name="Tanis2005" /> Despite the centrality of trust to the positive functioning of humans and relationships, very little is known about how and why trust evolves, is maintained, and is destroyed.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Simpson|first=Jeffry A.|date=2016-06-23|title=Psychological Foundations of Trust|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00517.x|journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science|volume=16|issue=5|pages=264–268|language=en|doi=10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00517.x|s2cid=45119866|issn=1467-8721}}</ref> Trust-diagnostic situations refer to in trust or "strain-test"<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shallcross|first1=Sandra L.|last2=Simpson|first2=Jeffry A.|date=2012|title=Trust and responsiveness in strain-test situations: A dyadic perspective.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026829|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=102|issue=5|pages=1031–1044|doi=10.1037/a0026829|pmid=22250662|issn=1939-1315}}</ref> situations which test partners'' ability to act in the best interests of the other individual or the relationship, simultaneously rejecting that option which is in one''s personal [[self-interest]].


id: en-wikipedia-org-6135
title: View source for Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6135.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-6135.html
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  View source for Trust (social science) Wikipedia You are still able to view pages, but you are not currently able to edit, move, or create them. The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider. If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption. If you are using a Wikipedia account, you will need to request an IP block exemption by either using the unblock template or by submitting an appeal using the unblock ticket request system. Even if blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page and email other editors and administrators.


id: en-wikipedia-org-6205
title: Organizational culture - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6205.txt
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  Schein (1992), Deal and Kennedy (2000), and Kotter (1992) advanced the idea that organizations often have very differing cultures as well as subcultures.[8][9][10] Although a company may have its "own unique culture," in larger organizations there are sometimes co-existing or conflicting subcultures because each subculture is linked to a different management team.[11] Flamholtz and Randle (2011) suggest that one can view organizational culture as "corporate personality."[12][13] Organizational culture has been described as an organization''s ideals, vision, and mission, whereas climate is better defined as employees'' shared meaning related to the company''s policies and procedures and reward/consequence systems.[30] Many factors, ranging from depictions of relative strength to political and national issues, can contribute to the type or types of culture that can be observed in organizations and institutions of all sizes.


id: en-wikipedia-org-6237
title: PhilPapers - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6237.txt
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summary:
  PhilPapers Wikipedia Format coverage journals, books, open access archives, and personal web pages Title list(s) http://philpapers.org/journals PhilPapers is an international, interactive academic database of journal articles for professionals and students in philosophy.[1] It is maintained by the Centre for Digital Philosophy at the University of Western Ontario. PhilPapers receives financial support from other organizations, including a substantial grant in early 2009 from the Joint Information Systems Committee in the United Kingdom.[2] The archive is praised for its comprehensiveness and organization,[3] and for its regular updates.[4] In addition to archiving papers, the editors engage in surveying academic philosophers.[5] List of academic databases and search engines Intuition: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. External links[edit] Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&oldid=976547733" Philosophical databases Hidden categories: Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia View history Edit links This page was last edited on 3 September 2020, at 15:31 (UTC).


id: en-wikipedia-org-6355
title: Trusted system - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6355.txt
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summary:
  Key to the provision of the highest levels of assurance (B3 and A1) is the dedication of significant system engineering toward minimization of the complexity (not size, as often cited) of the trusted computing base (TCB), defined as that combination of hardware, software, and firmware that is responsible for enforcing the system''s security policy. In 1974, David Bell and Leonard LaPadula of MITRE, working under the close technical guidance and economic sponsorship of Maj. Roger Schell, Ph.D., of the U.S. Army Electronic Systems Command (Ft. Hanscom, MA), devised what is known as the Bell-LaPadula model, in which a more or less trustworthy computer system is modeled in terms of objects (passive repositories or destinations for data, such as files, disks, printers) and subjects (active entities—perhaps users, or system processes or threads operating on behalf of those users—that cause information to flow among objects). Trusted systems in information theory[edit]


id: en-wikipedia-org-6357
title: Anticipation - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6357.txt
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  Emotion involving pleasure or anxiety in considering or awaiting an expected event Anticipation is an emotion involving pleasure or anxiety in considering or awaiting an expected event. Two prominent theories are the Neurological theories of Chase that attribute expectation building and anticipation both to inherent Neurological pitch evolution (Darwinian selection as pitch/rhythm/harmony communication response expectation) and the related skillful use of chord sequences (holding V7 until expectations are met with E, A, B7, or the well known Am/D7/G tease-satisfy sequence, with variations in the wheel of fifths). A second well-accepted theory is Huron''s "ITPRA" 5 module theory of expectation, where previous imaginative tension hits the event onset/horizon, with prediction and reaction oscillating (alternating) in the response system, and resulting in appraisal feedback.[7][8] ^ David Huron,"Sweet Anticipation, Music and the psychology of expectation" (Cambridge, 2006), Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anticipation. Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed from December 2016


id: en-wikipedia-org-6448
title: Help:Category - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6448.txt
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summary:
  Categories help readers to find, and navigate around, a subject area, to see pages sorted by title, and to thus find article relationships. The MediaWiki software maintains tables of categories, to which any editable page can be added. Next a count and list of pages in the category (excluding subcategories and images) is shown. If a user has enabled the HotCat gadget, the categories box will also provide links to quickly add, remove, or modify category declarations on the page, without having to edit the whole page. The following code {{PAGESINCATEGORY:{{PAGENAME}}}} will not work as expected when used in the wikitext or in a transcluded template in a category page whose title contains some ASCII punctuations. When you edit an article to add a category tag directly, the list of category members is updated immediately when the page is saved. Unless you create a category page, it will display as a red link. Categories: Wikipedia information pages Categories: Wikipedia information pages


id: en-wikipedia-org-6536
title: Hatred - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6536.txt
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  Sigmund Freud defined hate as an ego state that wishes to destroy the source of its unhappiness, stressing that it was linked to the question of self-preservation.[7] Donald Winnicott highlighted the developmental step involved in hatred, with its recognition of an outside object: "As compared to magical destruction, aggressive ideas and behaviour take on a positive value, and hate becomes a sign of civilization".[8] Aristotle, for instance, viewed it as distinct from anger and rage, describing hate as a desire to annihilate an object and is incurable by time.[23] David Hume also offered his own conceptualization, maintaining that hatred is an irreducible feeling that is not definable at all.[24]


id: en-wikipedia-org-6543
title: Suffering - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6543.txt
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  These aspects may include the nature of suffering, its processes, its origin and causes, its meaning and significance, its related personal, social, and cultural behaviors[5], its remedies, management, and uses. Qualifiers, such as physical, mental, emotional, and psychological, are often used to refer to certain types of pain or suffering. Karl Popper, in The Open Society and Its Enemies, proposed a negative utilitarianism, which prioritizes the reduction of suffering over the enhancement of happiness when speaking of utility: "I believe that there is, from the ethical point of view, no symmetry between suffering and happiness, or between pain and pleasure. Examples of mental suffering: depression (mood) / hopelessness, grief, sadness / loneliness / heartbreak, disgust, irritation, anger, jealousy, envy, craving or yearning, frustration, anguish, angst, fear, anxiety / panic, shame / guilt, regret, embarrassment / humiliation, restlessness.


id: en-wikipedia-org-6626
title: Grief - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6626.txt
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  By outlining the main aspects of the bereavement process into two interactive tracks, individuals can examine and understand how grief has affected their life following loss and begin to adapt to this post-loss life.The Model offers a better understanding with the duration of time in the wake of one''s loss and the outcomes that evolve from death. When the reaction turns into complicated grief, however, the feelings of loss become incapacitating and continue even though time passes.[30] The signs and symptoms characteristic of complicated grief are listed as "extreme focus on the loss and reminders of the loved one, intense longing or pining for the deceased, problems accepting the death, numbness or detachment… bitterness about your loss, inability to enjoy life, depression or deep sadness, trouble carrying out normal routines, withdrawing from social activities, feeling that life holds no meaning or purpose, irritability or agitation, lack of trust in others."[30] The symptoms seen in complicated grief are specific because the symptoms seem to be a combination of the symptoms found in separation as well as traumatic distress.


id: en-wikipedia-org-6697
title: Disposition - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6697.txt
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  The debate about dispositions in metaphysics attempts to understand the fundamental nature of properties, including how they relate to laws of nature.[1] The initial question asks if dispositions are real. Dispositionalism maintains that even paradigmatic examples of what appears to be qualitative such as squareness has causal powers (for instance when combined with the property of hardness to make a square impression in soft wax).[2] This view is historically argued for by Aristotle and Leibniz. According to this view, dispositional and categorical or as Martin prefers: "qualitative," because categorical seems to be misleading predicates are different ways of identifying one and the same property.[6] Additionally, the properties lies on a spectrum in which it could approach either limit; however, it can never reach either end because those concepts are unrealisable.


id: en-wikipedia-org-6715
title: Fear - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6715.txt
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  An influential categorization of stimuli causing fear was proposed by Gray;[5] namely, intensity, novelty, special evolutionary dangers, stimuli arising during social interaction, and conditioned stimuli.[6] Another categorization was proposed by Archer,[7] who, besides conditioned fear stimuli, categorized fear-evoking (as well as aggression-evoking) stimuli into three groups; namely, pain, novelty, and frustration, although he also described "looming," which refers to an object rapidly moving towards the visual sensors of a subject, and can be categorized as "intensity." Russell[8] described a more functional categorization of fear-evoking stimuli, in which for instance novelty is a variable affecting more than one category: 1) Predator stimuli (including movement, suddenness, proximity, but also learned and innate predator stimuli); 2) Physical environmental dangers (including intensity and heights); 3) Stimuli associated with increased risk of predation and other dangers (including novelty, openness, illumination, and being alone); 4) Stimuli stemming from conspecifics (including novelty, movement, and spacing behavior); 5) Species-predictable fear stimuli and experience (special evolutionary dangers); and 6) Fear stimuli that are not species predictable (conditioned fear stimuli).


id: en-wikipedia-org-6727
title: Attachment theory - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6727.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-6727.html
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  Parental responses lead to the development of patterns of attachment; these, in turn, lead to internal working models which will guide the individual''s feelings, thoughts and expectations in later relationships.[2] Separation anxiety or grief following the loss of an attachment figure is considered to be a normal and adaptive response for an attached infant. As they develop in line with environmental and developmental changes, they incorporate the capacity to reflect and communicate about past and future attachment relationships.[2] They enable the child to handle new types of social interactions; knowing, for example, an infant should be treated differently from an older child, or that interactions with teachers and parents share characteristics.


id: en-wikipedia-org-6741
title: Shame - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6741.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-6741.html
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summary:
  Shame is an unpleasant self-conscious emotion typically associated with a negative evaluation of the self; withdrawal motivations; and feelings of distress, exposure, mistrust, powerlessness, and worthlessness. Thus shame arises when one''s ''defects'' are exposed to others, and results from the negative evaluation (whether real or imagined) of others; guilt, on the other hand, comes from one''s own negative evaluation of oneself, for instance, when one acts contrary to one''s values or idea of one''s self.[12] Thus, it might be possible to feel ashamed of thought or behavior that no one actually knows about [since one fears their discovery] and conversely, to feel guilty about actions that gain the approval of others. ^ Tangney, JP; Miller Flicker Barlow (1996), "Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70 (6): 1256–69, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1256, PMID 8667166, S2CID 17024587


id: en-wikipedia-org-6787
title: OCLC - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6787.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-6787.html
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summary:
  In November 2008, the Board of Directors of OCLC unilaterally issued a new Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records[56] that would have required member libraries to include an OCLC policy note on their bibliographic records; the policy caused an uproar among librarian bloggers.[57][58] Among those who protested the policy was the non-librarian activist Aaron Swartz, who believed the policy would threaten projects such as the Open Library, Zotero, and Wikipedia, and who started a petition to "Stop the OCLC powergrab".[59][60] Swartz''s petition garnered 858 signatures, but the details of his proposed actions went largely unheeded.[58] Within a few months, the library community had forced OCLC to retract its policy and to create a Review Board to consult with member libraries more transparently.[58] In August 2012, OCLC recommended that member libraries adopt the Open Data Commons Attribution (ODC-BY) license when sharing library catalog data, although some member libraries have explicit agreements with OCLC that they can publish catalog data using the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.[61][62]


id: en-wikipedia-org-6810
title: File:Country-level estimates of trust, OWID.svg - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6810.txt
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  File:Country-level estimates of trust, OWID.svg Wikipedia File:Country-level estimates of trust, OWID.svg This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. DescriptionCountry-level estimates of trust, OWID.svg Country-level estimates of trust "License: All of Our World in Data is completely open access and all work is licensed under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited." This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. The following pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Country-level_estimates_of_trust,_OWID.svg"


id: en-wikipedia-org-681
title: Humiliation - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-681.txt
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  Humiliation is currently an active research topic, and is now seen as an important – and complex – core dynamic in human relationships, having implications at intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional and international levels.[2][3] A study by researchers at the University of Michigan revealed that "the same regions of the brain that become active in response to painful sensory experiences are activated during intense experiences of social rejection." In other words, humiliation and isolation are experienced as intensely as physical pain.[7] Many now-obsolete public punishments were deliberately designed to be humiliating, e.g. tarring and feathering lawbreakers, pillory, "mark of shame" (stigma) as a means of "making an example" of a person and presenting a deterrent to others. In folk customs such as the English skimmington rides and rough music (and their continental equivalents, such as the French Charivari), dramatic public demonstrations of moral disapproval were enacted to humiliate transgressors and drive them out of the community.[8] Emotional Competency article on Humiliation


id: en-wikipedia-org-6834
title: Disappointment - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6834.txt
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  Disappointment, and an inability to prepare for it, has also been hypothesized as the source of occasional immune system compromise in optimists.[7] While optimists by and large exhibit better health,[8] they may alternatively exhibit less immunity when under prolonged or uncontrollable stress, a phenomenon which researchers have attributed to the "disappointment effect".[7] The "disappointment effect" posits that optimists do not utilize "emotional cushioning" to prepare for disappointment and hence are less able to deal with it when they experience it.[8][9] This disappointment effect has been challenged since the mid-1990s by researcher Suzanne Segerstrom, who has published, alone and in accord, several articles evaluating its plausibility. Bell with further development by Graham Loomes and Robert Sugden,[15] revolves around the notion that people contemplating risks are disappointed when the outcome of the risk is not evaluated as positively as the expected outcome.[16] Disappointment theory has been utilized in examining such diverse decision-making processes as return migration, taxpayer compliance and customer willingness to pay.[17] David Gill and Victoria Prowse have provided experimental evidence that people are disappointment averse when they compete.[18]


id: en-wikipedia-org-6896
title: Template:Emotion - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6896.txt
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  Template:Emotion Wikipedia Template:Emotion From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge] Pity Self-pity Note: This template is used on main articles about emotion. For secondary articles use the Emotion-footer template. Usage[edit] {{Emotion}} {{Emotion}} The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Emotion/doc. (edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template''s sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages. Subpages of this template. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Emotion&oldid=994248514" Categories: Sidebar templates by topic Navigation menu Personal tools Template Views Edit View history Search Navigation Main page Random article Learn to edit Recent changes Tools What links here Related changes Special pages Permanent link Page information Edit links This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 19:59 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Privacy policy About Wikipedia About Wikipedia Contact Wikipedia Mobile view


id: en-wikipedia-org-7007
title: Expectation - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7007.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-7007.html
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summary:
  Expectation Wikipedia Jump to navigation Expectation–maximization algorithm, in statistics Expectation, a 2006 album by Matt Harding Expectations (Keith Jarrett album), 1971 Expectations (Dance Exponents album), 1985 Expectations (Hayley Kiyoko album), 2018 "Expectations/Overture", a song from the album Expectations (Bebe Rexha album), 2018 Expectations (Katie Pruitt album), 2020 "Expectations", a song from the album Disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Expectation. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Expectation&oldid=950446978" Categories: Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages with short descriptions All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Personal tools Views View history Tools Edit links This page was last edited on 12 April 2020, at 03:56 (UTC). Mobile view Statistics


id: en-wikipedia-org-7018
title: Pareto efficiency - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7018.txt
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  Pareto originally used the word "optimal" for the concept, but as it describes a situation where a limited number of people will be made better off under finite resources, and it does not take equality or social well-being into account, it is in effect a definition of and better captured by "efficiency".[2] Besides economics, the notion of Pareto efficiency has been applied to the selection of alternatives in engineering and biology. This result was first demonstrated mathematically by economists Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu.[5][citation needed] However, the result only holds under the assumptions of the theorem: markets exist for all possible goods, there are no externalities; markets are perfectly competitive; and market participants have perfect information. A significant aspect of the Pareto frontier in economics is that, at a Pareto-efficient allocation, the marginal rate of substitution is the same for all consumers.[16] A formal statement can be derived by considering a system with m consumers and n goods, and a utility function of each consumer as 


id: en-wikipedia-org-701
title: Trust - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-701.txt
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  (Redirected from Trust (disambiguation)) The Trust (1993 film), an American drama about a murder in 1900 Trust (1999 film), a British television crime drama Trust (French band), a rock music group formed in 1977 Albums[edit] Trust (Alfie Boe album), 2013 Trust (Boney James album), 1992 Trust (Brother Beyond album), 1989 Trust (Elvis Costello album), 1981 Trust (Jaci Velasquez album), 2017 Trust (Low album), 2002 Trust (Saga album), 2006 Songs[edit] "Trust" (Brother Beyond song), 1990 "Trust", English version title of Lara Fabian''s song "Croire" "Trust", on The Cure''s album Wish "Trust", on GFriend''s album Snowflake Government and political organizations[edit] Trust Company (disambiguation) National Trust (disambiguation) Disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Trust. Categories: Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages with short descriptions All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Edit links


id: en-wikipedia-org-7061
title: Pity - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7061.txt
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summary:
  Pity is a sympathetic sorrow evoked by the suffering of others, and is used in a comparable sense to compassion, condolence or empathy the word deriving from the Latin pietās (etymon also of piety). The Human Abstract, a poem in William Blake''s collection Songs of Innocence and of Experience, in which he proclaims "Pity would be no more, / If we did not make somebody Poor" (1-2). Jean-Jacques Rousseau had the following opinion of pity as opposed to love for others: "It is therefore certain that pity is a natural sentiment, which, by moderating in every individual the activity of self-love, contributes to the mutual preservation of the whole species. Juvenal considered pity the noblest aspect of human nature.[13] Mystic poet William Blake was ambivalent about Pity, initially casting it in a negative role, before viewing Pity as an emotion that can draw beings together. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Pity


id: en-wikipedia-org-7099
title: Digital object identifier - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7099.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-7099.html
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summary:
  A digital object identifier (DOI) is a persistent identifier or handle used to identify objects uniquely, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).[1] An implementation of the Handle System,[2][3] DOIs are in wide use mainly to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, research reports, data sets, and official publications. This service is unusual in that it tries to find a non-paywalled version of a title and redirects the user to that instead of the publisher''s version.[29][30] Since then, other open-access favoring DOI resolvers have been created, notably https://oadoi.org/ in October 2016[31] (later Unpaywall). The DOI system is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization in its technical committee on identification and description, TC46/SC9.[35] The Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 26324, Information and documentation – Digital Object Identifier System met the ISO requirements for approval. ^ "Digital object identifier (DOI) becomes an ISO standard". ISO 26324: Digital Object Identifier System (DOI)


id: en-wikipedia-org-7113
title: Category:Reputation management - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7113.txt
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  Category:Reputation management Wikipedia Category:Reputation management Jump to navigation Jump to search The main articles for this category are reputation management and reputation system. This category encompasses the sociological and technological aspects of trusting people and their credentials online, a subject which might develop even further in the future with the growing importance of online communities. This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. ► Reputation management companies‎ (16 P) ► Social reputation in fiction‎ (10 P) ► Star ranking systems‎ (2 P) Pages in category "Reputation management" The following 39 pages are in this category, out of 39 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more). Reputation management Reputation Reputation Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Reputation_management&oldid=925557846" Personal tools Category Edit links This page was last edited on 10 November 2019, at 21:57 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Privacy policy Contact Wikipedia


id: en-wikipedia-org-7128
title: Category:CS1: long volume value - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7128.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-7128.html
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summary:
  Category:CS1: long volume value Wikipedia Category:CS1: long volume value It is used to build and maintain lists of pages—primarily for the sake of the lists themselves and their use in article and category maintenance. These categories are used to track, build and organize lists of pages needing "attention en masse" (for example, pages using deprecated syntax), or that may need to be edited at someone''s earliest convenience. No changes are required to remove pages from this category, but some values of |volume= may fit better in other parameters. Pages in category "CS1: long volume value" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 59,320 total. 2/6th Cavalry Commando Regiment (Australia) 2/6th Commando Squadron (Australia) 2/6th Commando Squadron (Australia) 2/6th Commando Squadron (Australia) 2nd Commando Regiment (Australia) Media in category "CS1: long volume value" The following 18 files are in this category, out of 18 total.


id: en-wikipedia-org-7130
title: The Market for Lemons - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7130.txt
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  "The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism" is a well-known[1][2] 1970 paper by economist George Akerlof which examines how the quality of goods traded in a market can degrade in the presence of information asymmetry between buyers and sellers, leaving only "lemons" behind. Suppose buyers cannot distinguish between a high-quality car (a "peach") and a "lemon". Thus the uninformed buyer''s price creates an adverse selection problem that drives the high-quality cars from the market. Akerlof''s paper shows how prices can determine the quality of goods traded on the market. Akerlof''s paper uses the market for used cars as an example of the problem of quality uncertainty. Akerlof''s paper uses the market for used cars as an example of the problem of quality uncertainty. The result is that a market in which there is asymmetric information with respect to quality shows characteristics similar to those described by Gresham''s Law: the bad drives out the good.


id: en-wikipedia-org-7157
title: Affection - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7157.txt
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  It has given rise to a number of branches of philosophy and psychology concerning emotion, disease, influence, and state of being.[2] "Affection" is popularly used to denote a feeling or type of love, amounting to more than goodwill or friendship. Even a very simple demonstration of affection can have a broad variety of emotional reactions, from embarrassment, to disgust, pleasure, and annoyance. Benefits of affection[edit] The expression of affection mediates emotional, physical, and relational benefits for the individual and significant counterparts. The communication of positive feelings towards others has shown health benefits that include; lower stress hormones, lower cholesterol, lower blood pressure and stronger immune system.[12] Benefits are internally noticed when the emotion is expressed and not merely felt, if affection is not reciprocated through the receiver, effects of the affection are still felt through the giver.


id: en-wikipedia-org-719
title: Cite This Page - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-719.txt
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  Contents: APA | MLA | MHRA | Chicago | CSE | Bluebook | AMA | BibTeX | wiki Page name: Trust (social science) Permanent link: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385 Citation styles for "Trust (social science)" Retrieved 01:30, December 15, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385 "Trust (social science)." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia contributors, ''Trust (social science)'', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 7 December 2020, 16:47 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385> [accessed 15 December 2020] Wikipedia contributors, "Trust (social science)," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385 (accessed December 15, 2020). Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; 2020 Dec 7, 16:47 UTC [cited 2020 Dec 15]. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385. Trust (social science), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385 (last visited Dec. 15, 2020). Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385. url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385", title = "Trust (social science) --{Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia", title = "Trust (social science) --{Wikipedia}{,} The Free Encyclopedia", howpublished = "\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trust_(social_science)&oldid=992884385}", [[Trust (social science)]] ([[Special:Permalink/992884385|this version]]) Trust (social science) (this version) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CiteThisPage"


id: en-wikipedia-org-7286
title: Joy - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7286.txt
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summary:
  The word joy means a feeling of great pleasure and happiness.[1] But then Joy is never in our power and Pleasure often is."[3] "[Joy is] the emotional dimension of the good life, of a life that is both going well and is being lived well." Miroslav Volf[5] Ingrid Fetell Lee has studied the sources of joy. She wrote the book "Joyful: The Surprising Power of Ordinary Things to Create Extraordinary Happiness",[9] and gave a TED talk on the subject, titled "Where joy hides and how to find it."[10] Through her design studies she has found out that joy hides in colorful objects, an abundant number of objects, round objects, and elevating objects. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Happiness. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Joy Social emotional development Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from January 2020


id: en-wikipedia-org-7322
title: Happiness - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7322.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-7322.html
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  Since 2003, empirical research in the field of happiness economics, such as that by Benjamin Radcliff, professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame, supported the contention that in democratic countries life satisfaction is strongly and positively related to the social democratic model of a generous social safety net, pro-worker labor market regulations, and strong labor unions.[124] Similarly, there is evidence that public policies which reduce poverty and support a strong middle class, such as a higher minimum wage, strongly affect average levels of well-being.[125] Research on positive psychology, well-being, eudaimonia and happiness, and the theories of Diener, Ryff, Keyes, and Seligmann covers a broad range of levels and topics, including "the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life."[129] The psychiatrist George Vaillant and the director of longitudinal Study of Adult Development at Harvard University Robert J.


id: en-wikipedia-org-7427
title: Pages that link to "Trust (social science)" - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7427.txt
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  Pages that link to "Trust (social science)" Wikipedia Pages that link to "Trust (social science)" Jump to navigation Jump to search User talk Wikipedia talk File talk MediaWiki talk Template talk Help talk Category talk Portal talk Book talk Draft talk Education Program talk TimedText talk Module talk Gadget talk Gadget definition talk The following pages link to Trust (social science) View (previous 50 | next 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500) Aristotle ‎ (links | edit) Applied ethics ‎ (links | edit) Business ethics ‎ (links | edit) Ethics ‎ (links | edit) Ethical naturalism ‎ (links | edit) Ethical non-naturalism ‎ (links | edit) Emotion ‎ (links | edit) Love ‎ (links | edit) Meta-ethics ‎ (links | edit) Normative ethics ‎ (links | edit) Politics ‎ (links | edit) Morality ‎ (links | edit) Social capital ‎ (links | edit) Talk Talk Talk


id: en-wikipedia-org-7450
title: Consumer confidence - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7450.txt
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  Consumer confidence is an economic indicator that measures the degree of optimism that consumers feel about the overall state of the economy and their personal financial situation. Consumer Confidence Index[edit] The Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) is produced by the non-profit business group The Conference Board since 1967. Consumer Confidence Average Index[edit] Gallup Economic Confidence Index[edit] Gallup reports results of the Economic Confidence Index on Gallup.com on a daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly basis. Main article: Indian consumer confidence index The Index is developed based on consumers'' confidence in the job market, status of their personal finances and readiness to spend. Each month the survey tracks changes in personal finance, general economic situation, inflation, unemployment, current purchasing climate, consumer spending and saving. ^ "Understanding The Consumer Confidence Index". ^ "Consumer Confidence Average Index (CCAI)". Conference Board Consumer Confidence Index page


id: en-wikipedia-org-7481
title: Bilateral - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7481.txt
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  Bilateral Wikipedia Jump to navigation Look up bilateral in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bilateral may refer to any concept including two sides, in particular: Bilateralism, the political and cultural relations between two states Bilateral, occurring on both sides of an organism (Anatomical terms of location § Medial and lateral) Bilateral symmetry, symmetry between two sides of an organism Disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bilateral. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilateral&oldid=952701540" Categories: Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages with short descriptions All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Personal tools Views View history Tools This page was last edited on 23 April 2020, at 16:59 (UTC). Contact Wikipedia Mobile view


id: en-wikipedia-org-7574
title: View source for Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7574.txt
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  Taking the "[[The Market for Lemons|Market for Lemons]]" transaction popularized by [[George Akerlof]] as an example,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Akerlof|first=George A.|date=1970|title=The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism|url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/1879431|journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics|volume=84|issue=3|pages=488–500|doi=10.2307/1879431|jstor=1879431}}</ref> if a buyer of a car doesn''t trust the seller to not sell a lemon, the transaction won''t be entered into. The absence of trust restricts growth in employment, wages and profits, thus reducing the overall welfare of society.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pollitt|first=Michael|date=2002|title=The economics of trust, norms and networks|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8608.00266|journal=Business Ethics: A European Review|language=en|volume=11|issue=2|pages=119–128|doi=10.1111/1467-8608.00266|s2cid=153788522|issn=1467-8608}}</ref> | year = 2002 | title = Contracting With Uncertain Level Of Trust | journal = Computational Intelligence | volume = 18 | issue = 4| pages = 501–514 | doi=10.1111/1467-8640.00200| citeseerx = 10.1.1.70.8413 | s2cid = 33473191 }}</ref> demonstrates that the optimum level of trust that a rational economic agent should exhibit in transactions is equal to the trustworthiness of the other party.


id: en-wikipedia-org-7592
title: In-group favoritism - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7592.txt
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  According to social identity theory, one of the key determinants of group biases is the need to improve self-esteem. This phenomenon was pioneered and studied most extensively by Henri Tajfel, a British social psychologist who looked at the psychological root of in-group/out-group bias. In a meta-analysis and review of the effect of oxytocin on social behavior done by Carsten De Dreu, the research reviewed shows that oxytocin enables the development of trust, specifically towards individuals with similar characteristics—categorized as ''in-group'' members—promoting cooperation with and favoritism towards such individuals.[13] This bias of oxytocin-induced goodwill towards those with features and characteristics perceived to be similar may have evolved as a biological basis for sustaining in-group cooperation and protection, fitting with the Darwinian insight that acts of self-sacrifice and cooperation contribute to the functioning of the group and hence improve the odds of survival for members of said group.[13]


id: en-wikipedia-org-763
title: JSTOR - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-763.txt
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  (For example, all Princeton''s administrative and academic buildings were networked by 1989; the student dormitory network was completed in 1994; and campus networks like the one at Princeton were, in turn, linked to larger networks such as BITNET and the Internet.) JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. The Alumni Access Program officially launched in January 2013.[17] Individual subscriptions also are available to certain journal titles through the journal publisher.[18] Every year, JSTOR blocks 150 million attempts by non-subscribers to read articles.[19] At the conclusion of the pilot, in January 2013, JSTOR expanded Register & Read from an initial 76 publishers to include about 1,200 journals from over 700 publishers.[36] Registered readers may read up to six articles online every calendar month, but may not print or download PDFs.[37]


id: en-wikipedia-org-7649
title: View source for Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7649.txt
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  In this sense, some philosophers such as Lagerspetz argue that trust is a kind of reliance, though not merely reliance.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lagerspetz|first=Olli|date=1998|title=Trust: The Tacit Demand|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8986-4|journal=Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy|volume=1|doi=10.1007/978-94-015-8986-4|isbn=978-90-481-4963-6|issn=1387-6678}}</ref> [[Diego Gambetta|Gambetta]] argued it is the inherent belief that others generally have good intentions which is the foundation for our reliance on them.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gambetta|first=Diego|date=2000|title=Can We Trust Trust?|journal=Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations|publisher=Department of Sociology, University of Oxford|pages=213–237}}</ref> Philosophers such as [[Annette Baier]] have contended this view, establishing a difference between trust and reliance by saying that trust can be betrayed, whilst reliance can only be disappointed (Baier 1986, 235).<ref>{{cite journal|author=Baier, Annette|date=1986|title=Trust and Antitrust|journal=Ethics|volume=96 | issue = 2 |pages=231–260|jstor=2381376|doi=10.1086/292745|s2cid=159454549}}</ref> Carolyn McLeod explains Baier''s argument by giving the following examples: we can rely on our clock to give the time, but we do not feel betrayed when it breaks, thus, we cannot say that we trusted it; we are not trusting when we are suspicious of the other person, because this is in fact an expression of distrust (McLeod 2006).<ref name=":3">{{cite book|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/trust/|title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|first=Carolyn|last=McLeod|editor-first=Edward N.|editor-last=Zalta|year=2017|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|accessdate=29 October 2017|via=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> The violation of trust warrants this sense of betrayal.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hawley|first=Katherine|date=2012-10-25|title=Trust, Distrust and Commitment|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nous.12000|journal=Noûs|volume=48|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1111/nous.12000|hdl=10023/3430|issn=0029-4624}}</ref> Thus, trust is different from reliance in the sense that a trustor accepts the risk of being betrayed.


id: en-wikipedia-org-7666
title: Psychoanalysis - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7666.txt
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  John Frosch, Otto Kernberg, Salman Akhtar, and Sheldon Bach have developed the theory of self and object constancy as it affects adult psychiatric problems such as psychosis and borderline states.[citation needed] Blos (1960) described how similar separation-individuation struggles occur during adolescence, of course with a different outcome from the first three years of life: the teen usually, eventually, leaves the parents'' house (varying with culture).[50] Arietta Slade, Susan Coates, and Daniel Schechter in New York have additionally contributed to the application of relational psychoanalysis to treatment of the adult patient-as-parent, the clinical study of mentalization in parent-infant relationships, and the intergenerational transmission of attachment and trauma.[citation needed]


id: en-wikipedia-org-7681
title: Sociology - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7681.txt
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summary:
  Both Weber and Georg Simmel pioneered the "Verstehen" (or ''interpretative'') method in social science; a systematic process by which an outside observer attempts to relate to a particular cultural group, or indigenous people, on their own terms and from their own point of view.[43] Through the work of Simmel, in particular, sociology acquired a possible character beyond positivist data-collection or grand, deterministic systems of structural law. Symbolic interaction—often associated with interactionism, phenomenology, dramaturgy, interpretivism—is a sociological approach that places emphasis on subjective meanings and the empirical unfolding of social processes, generally accessed through micro-analysis.[79] This tradition emerged in the Chicago School of the 1920s and 1930s, which, prior to World War II, "had been the center of sociological research and graduate study."[80] The approach focuses on creating a framework for building a theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals.


id: en-wikipedia-org-7748
title: Source criticism - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7748.txt
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  In the early 21st century, source criticism is a growing field in, among other fields, library and information science. Issues such as relevance, quality indicators for documents, kinds of documents and their qualities (e.g. scholarly editions) are studied in LIS and are relevant for source criticism. Much interest in evaluating Internet sources (such as Wikipedia) is reflected in the scholarly literature of library and information science and in other fields. As written above, modern source criticism in history is closely associated with the German historian Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), who influenced historical methods on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, although in rather different ways. Historiography and historical method include the study of the reliability of the sources used, in terms of, for example, authorship, credibility of the author, and the authenticity or corruption of the text. Main article: Source criticism (biblical studies)


id: en-wikipedia-org-774
title: Help:Contents - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-774.txt
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  This page provides help with the most common questions about Wikipedia. You can also search all Wikipedia''s help pages using the search box below, or browse the Help menu or the Help directory. The Readers'' FAQ and our about page contain the most commonly sought information about Wikipedia. The Simplified Manual of Style and Cheatsheet can remind you of basic wiki markup. If you spot a problem with an article, you can fix it directly, by clicking on the "Edit" link at the beginning of that page. See the "edit an article" section of this page for more information. Manual of Style directory: pages related to the style manual of Wikipedia articles. Wiki markup: for the syntax used by Wikipedia to format a page. Editing Wikipedia: has general help for editors. Ask for help on your talk page (a volunteer will visit you there) Help page


id: en-wikipedia-org-7785
title: Loneliness - Wikipedia
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  Chronic loneliness on the other hand is widely considered harmful, with numerous reviews and meta-studies concluding it is a significant risk factor for poor mental and physical health outcomes. The capacity to feel it may have been evolutionarily selected for, a healthy aversive emotion that motivates individuals to strengthen social connections.[52] Transient loneliness is sometimes compared to short-term hunger, which is unpleasant but ultimately useful as it motivates us to eat.[8][5][53] Research from a large-scale study published in the journal Psychological Medicine, showed that "lonely millennials are more likely to have mental health problems, be out of work and feel pessimistic about their ability to succeed in life than their peers who feel connected to others, regardless of gender or wealth".[69][70]


id: en-wikipedia-org-7838
title: Trust (social science) - Wikipedia
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  This is the current revision of this page, as edited by TorstenMandal (talk | contribs) at 16:47, 7 December 2020 (Modification in line with part of already cited authors conclusion I abreviated: "the rather modest size of the difference implies that apocalyptic claims regarding the severe threat of ethnic diversity for social trust in contemporary societies are exaggerated."). Revision as of 16:47, 7 December 2020 by TorstenMandal (talk | contribs) (Modification in line with part of already cited authors conclusion I abreviated: "the rather modest size of the difference implies that apocalyptic claims regarding the severe threat of ethnic diversity for social trust in contemporary societies are exaggerated.")


id: en-wikipedia-org-7907
title: Social connection - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7907.txt
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  Social support is the help, advice, and comfort that we receive from those with whom we have stable, positive relationships.[11] Importantly, it appears to be the perception, or feeling, of being supported, rather than objective number of connections, that appears to buffer stress and affect our health and psychology most strongly.[12][13] As a result, he developed the brain opioid theory of attachment, which posits that endogenous (internally produced) opioids underlie the pleasure that social animals derive from social connection, especially within close relationships.[21] Extensive animal research supports this theory. Nicknamed the "love drug" or "cuddle chemical," plasma levels of oxytocin increase following physical affection,[28] and are linked to more trusting and generous social behavior, positively biased social memory, attraction, and anxiety and hormonal responses.[29] Further supporting a nuanced role in adult human bonding, greater circulating oxytocin over a 24-hour period was associated with greater love and perceptions of partner responsiveness and gratitude,[30] however was also linked to perceptions of a relationship being vulnerable and in danger.


id: en-wikipedia-org-7991
title: Shelby D. Hunt - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7991.txt
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  W. Horn Professor of Marketing at the Texas Tech University, and a highly cited marketing researcher.[1][2][3] His is noted for his contributions to competition theory and the resource-advantage view. His research interests are in the fields of "Competition, Strategy, Marketing Theory, Ethics, Macromarketing, and Philosophy of Science." He has authored dozens of books and more than 150 articles and is one of the 250 most cited authors in business and economics.[5] He and his work are the subject of the publication, Legends in Marketing: Shelby D. Maynard Award for the "best article on marketing theory" for "The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition" published in the Journal of Marketing 1999, "The Strategic Imperative and Sustainable Competitive advantage: Public Policy and Resource Advantage Theory," Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp 144–5 2004, [co-authored with Dennis B.Arnett] "Market Segmentation Strategy, Competitive Advantage, and Public Policy: Grounding Segmentation Strategy in Resource-Advantage Theory," Australasian Journal of Marketing, Vol. 12, no.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8015
title: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8015.txt
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  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Wikipedia Owner The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide.[3] Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.[4] "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Issues Faced by Academic Reference Works That May Be of Interest to Wikipedians" by Edward N. "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: A university/library partnership in support of scholarly communication and open access". "From SEP to SEPIA: How and Why Indiana University is Helping the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy". "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: A Developed Dynamic Reference Work". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy mirror from the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation of the University of Amsterdam Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy mirror from University of Sydney Library


id: en-wikipedia-org-8043
title: Social influence - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8043.txt
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  There are three processes of attitude change as defined by Harvard psychologist Herbert Kelman in a 1958 paper published in the Journal of Conflict Resolution.[1] The purpose of defining these processes was to help determine the effects of social influence: for example, to separate public conformity (behavior) from private acceptance (personal belief). Technically, compliance is a change in behavior but not necessarily in attitude; one can comply due to mere obedience or by otherwise opting to withhold private thoughts due to social pressures.[3] According to Kelman''s 1958 paper, the satisfaction derived from compliance is due to the social effect of the accepting influence (i.e., people comply for an expected reward or punishment-aversion).[1] Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in behavior, belief, or thinking to align with those of others or with normative standards. "A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment" (PDF).


id: en-wikipedia-org-8056
title: Divorce - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8056.txt
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  Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the process of terminating a marriage or marital union.[1] Divorce usually entails the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state. Divorce laws vary considerably around the world,[1] but in most countries, divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of distribution of property,[2] child custody,[2] alimony (spousal support), child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, and division of debt. The husband and wife physically separated and were forbidden to live or cohabit together, but their marital relationship did not fully terminate.[120] Civil courts had no power over marriage or divorce. The Effects of Marriage and Divorce on Families and Children Retrieved March 13, 2012


id: en-wikipedia-org-8076
title: Neighbourhood - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8076.txt
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  In mainland China, the term is generally used for the urban administrative division found immediately below the district level, although an intermediate, subdistrict level exists in some cities. In most urban areas of China, neighbourhood'', community, residential community, residential unit, residential quarter'' have the same meaning: 社区 or 小区 or 居民区 or 居住区, and is the direct sublevel of a subdistrict (街道办事处), which is the direct sublevel of a district (区), which is the direct sublevel of a city (市). The term has no general official or statistical purpose in the United Kingdom, but is often used by local boroughs for self-chosen sub-divisions of their area for the delivery of various services and functions, as for example in Kingston-upon-Thames[20] or is used as an informal term to refer to a small area within a town or city.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8132
title: Pleasure - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8132.txt
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  Pleasure is a mental experience that humans and other conscious animals find enjoyable, positive, or worth seeking. 2.2.3 Pleasure in relation to emotion This section is an excerpt from Reward system § Pleasure centers[edit] Relationship of pleasure with reward system[edit] Relationship of pleasure with motivational salience[edit] Psychological aspects of pleasure[edit] Psychological approaches to pleasure motivation[edit] Pleasure in relation to emotion[edit] Pleasure in relation to pain[edit] Issues in experiencing pleasure[edit] A brainstem mechanism for pleasure may seem more surprising than forebrain hot spots to anyone who views the brainstem as merely reflexive, but the pontine parabrachial nucleus contributes to taste, pain, and many visceral sensations from the body and has also been suggested to play an important role in motivation (Wu et al., 2012) and in human emotion (especially related to the somatic marker hypothesis) (Damasio, 2010). How Pleasure Works: The New Science of Why We Like What We Like (2010) 280 pages.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8280
title: File:Plutchik-wheel.svg - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8280.txt
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  File:Plutchik-wheel.svg Wikipedia File:Plutchik-wheel.svg English: Robert Plutchik''s Wheel of Emotions. For more information see: About translating SVG files. EnglishThis wheel represents the list of emotions as proposed by Plutchik. current 08:41, 19 July 2020 715 × 725 (87 KB) Kapki555 File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://svgtranslate.toolforge.org/). 08:29, 19 July 2020 715 × 725 (87 KB) Kapki555 File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://svgtranslate.toolforge.org/). 16:37, 3 May 2020 715 × 725 (65 KB) Liuchong File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://tools.wmflabs.org/svgtranslate/). 00:59, 13 February 2011 715 × 725 (65 KB) Machine Elf 1735 {{Information |Description ={{en|1=Roda Emosi Plutchik''s Wheel of Emotions}} |Source ={{own}} |Author =Machine Elf 1735 |Date =2011-02-12 |Permission = |other_versions = }} Category:Emotions More than 100 pages use this file. The following list shows the first 100 pages that use this file only. View more links to this file. View more global usage of this file. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plutchik-wheel.svg" Upload file Upload file


id: en-wikipedia-org-8294
title: Related changes - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8294.txt
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  m Embarrassment‎ 21:59 +6‎ ‎Dylsss talk contribs‎ Reverted edits by 197.185.96.253 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10) Tag: Rollback Embarrassment‎ 21:56 −6‎ ‎197.185.96.253 talk‎ Changed word strutcure Tags: Visual edit Reverted Template:Emotion‎ 19:59 −22‎ ‎Liz talk contribs‎ Removing a page that is a redirect m Emotion‎ 16:22 −4‎ ‎Eweqw talk contribs‎ I fixed some spelling isues Tags: Visual edit Reverted Emotion‎ 16:18 +2‎ ‎Eweqw talk contribs‎ Tag: Reverted m Information technology‎ 06:18 −48‎ ‎Larry Hockett talk contribs‎ Reverted edits by 2402:8100:3852:84C4:1:0:B3AE:9567 (talk) to last version by Theroadislong Tag: Rollback Anxiety‎ 04:46 +1‎ ‎Hlsbby637199 talk contribs‎ Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Visual edit Depression (mood)‎ 23:34 +4‎ ‎Gumgl talk contribs‎ Adding/removing wikilink(s) Tag: Visual edit m Jealousy‎ 03:52 −61‎ ‎Fehufanga talk contribs‎ Reverted 1 edit by 67.110.218.168 (talk) to last revision by 216.116.236.50 Tags: Undo Twinkle m Shyness‎ 03:45 −2‎ ‎Larry Hockett talk contribs‎ Reverted edits by 61.40.144.119 (talk) to last version by Garnarblarnar Tag: Rollback


id: en-wikipedia-org-8302
title: Love - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8302.txt
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  Love is considered to be both positive and negative, with its virtue representing human kindness, compassion, and affection, as "the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another" and its vice representing human moral flaw, akin to vanity, selfishness, amour-propre, and egotism, as potentially leading people into a type of mania, obsessiveness or codependency.[4][5] It may also describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans, one''s self or animals.[6] In its various forms, love acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts.[7] Love has been postulated to be a function that keeps human beings together against menaces and to facilitate the continuation of the species.[8] Numerous cultures have also distinguished Ren, Yuanfen, Mamihlapinatapai, Cafuné, Kama, Bhakti, Mettā, Ishq, Chesed, Amore, Charity, Saudade (and other variants or symbioses of these states), as culturally unique words, definitions, or expressions of love in regards to a specified "moments" currently lacking in the English language.[9][10][11]


id: en-wikipedia-org-8341
title: Embarrassment - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8341.txt
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mime: text/html
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  Embarrassment or awkwardness is an emotional state that is associated with mild to severe levels of discomfort, and which is usually experienced when someone commits a socially unacceptable or frowned-upon act that was witnessed by or revealed to others. Examples of causes include a government''s failed public policy, exposure of corrupt practices or unethical behavior, a celebrity whose personal habits receive public scrutiny or face legal action, or officials caught in serious personally embarrassing situations. Awkward acts – refer to social situations, for example, inappropriate conversations, clumsiness or ungraceful actions (such as an emotional outbreak like speaking out unintentionally) that can trigger embarrassment "Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions?". Wikimedia Commons has media related to Embarrassment.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8346
title: Category:Concepts in ethics - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8346.txt
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  Category:Concepts in ethics Wikipedia Category:Concepts in ethics Jump to navigation Wikimedia Commons has media related to Concepts in ethics. Normative ethics Meta-ethics Applied ethics Ethics literature Ethics theories Ethical concepts Ethical concepts Social concepts The main article for this category is Ethics. Pages in category "Concepts in ethics" The following 126 pages are in this category, out of 126 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more). Commensurability (ethics) Common good Ethical dualism Ethics of care Free, prior and informed consent Good and evil Ideal (ethics) Intrinsic value (ethics) Moral blindness Moral conversion Moral evil Moral intellectualism Moral rationalism Moral responsibility Moral universalizability Natural order (philosophy) Norm (philosophy) Point of view (philosophy) Gadfly (philosophy and social science) Value (ethics) Value (ethics) Virtue ethics Yi (philosophy) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Concepts_in_ethics&oldid=909185854" Categories: Concepts by field Ethics Ethics Philosophical concepts Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata Personal tools Edit links


id: en-wikipedia-org-8359
title: Social complexity - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8359.txt
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  This emphasis on interconnectivity in social relationships and the emergence of new properties within society is found in theoretical thinking in multiple areas of sociology.[3] As a theoretical tool, social complexity theory serves as a basis for the connection of microand macro-level social phenomena, providing a meso-level or middle-range theoretical platform for hypothesis formation.[4][5] Methodologically, the concept of social complexity is theory-neutral, meaning that it accommodates both local (micro) and global (macro) phenomena in sociological research.[2] The micro-level influences of symbolic interaction, exchange, and rational choice, along with the micro-level focus of computational political scientists, such as Robert Axelrod, helped to develop computational sociology''s bottom-up, agent-based approach to modeling complex systems. Social complexity theory is applied in studies of social cooperation and public goods;[20] altruism;[21] voting behavior;[22][23] education;[24] global civil society [25] The Development of Social Network Analysis: A Study in the Sociology of Science.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8364
title: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8364.txt
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  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Emperor''s New School is an American animated television series created by Mark Dindal that aired on Disney Channel for two seasons between January 2006 and November 2008. New School received mixed reviews from critics; several praised the voice acting of Eartha Kitt (pictured) but others found the characters unlikable. Start a new article Nana Akufo-Addo (pictured) is re-elected for a second term as President of Ghana. Community portal – Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas. Local embassy – For Wikipedia-related communication in languages other than English. Site news – Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation. Wikipedia''s sister projects Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other projects: Free-content news This Wikipedia is written in English. Complete list of Wikipedias


id: en-wikipedia-org-8426
title: Sorrow (emotion) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8426.txt
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  Sorrow (emotion) Wikipedia Sorrow (emotion) Emotion of prolonged, resigned sadness Sorrow is an emotion, feeling, or sentiment. Romanticism saw a cult of sorrow develop, reaching back to The Sorrows of Young Werther of 1774, and extending through the nineteenth century with contributions like Tennyson''s "In Memoriam" — "O Sorrow, wilt thou live with me/No casual mistress, but a wife"[3] — up to W. Postponing the expression of the feeling causes its energy to grow''.[13] At the same time, it would seem that ''grief in general is a "taming" of the primitive violent discharge affect, characterized by fear and self-destruction, to be seen in mourning''.[14] Shand and McDougall[edit] William McDougall disagreed with Shand''s view, observing that Shand himself recognized that sorrow was itself derived from simpler elements. ^ Anna Wierzbicka, Emotions across Languages and Cultures (1999) p. Hunter, Little Book of Big Emotions (London 2004) p. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sorrow. Social emotional development Categories: Emotions Commons category link is on Wikidata


id: en-wikipedia-org-8483
title: Accountability - Wikipedia
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  The literature about corruption finds mixed results about the role of political institutions —such as the executive, electoral institutions, federalism, and the judiciary— on the reduction of corruption.[66] Moreover, democracy seems to have a null effect on reducing corruption.[66] Nevertheless, economic development is associated with a decrease in corruption.[66] Furthermore, so far, the only agreement in the literature is that freedom of the press contributes to the reduction of corruption, by exposing these actions.[66] In fact, documentation on how a corrupt government (Fujimori''s government from 1998–2000, in Peru) strategically undermined check and balance institutions, suggests that the media —e.g. newspapers and, mainly, television— is crucial, due to its broad scope to disseminate information to the public.[67] Additionally, there is also evidence about the importance of local media —such as local radio stations— in holding accountable corrupt incumbents and promoting noncorrupt politicians.[68] Nevertheless, information about corruption may not only lead to vote losses for the incumbent parties, but also for the challenger parties, as well to the erosion of partisan attachments, which implies that information about corruption also provokes citizens'' disengagement from the political process.[64] On the other hand, there is evidence that points out to the fact that, despite strategic evasion and unintentional consequences, anticorruption initiatives are beneficial, as they allow to lower malfeasance and increases social welfare, even where strategic evasion is relatively large.[69]


id: en-wikipedia-org-8513
title: Integrated Authority File - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8513.txt
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  Integrated Authority File Wikipedia International authority file for personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies Parts of this article (those related to Types of GND high-level entities) need to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Integrated Authority File GND: Screenshot of the The Integrated Authority File (German: Gemeinsame Normdatei; also known as the Universal Authority File) or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. The GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. Types of GND high-level entities[edit] Information pages about the GND from the German National Library Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integrated_Authority_File&oldid=993458488#GND" Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February 2018 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers


id: en-wikipedia-org-8518
title: Marilynn Brewer - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8518.txt
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  Brewer (Ph.D., Northwestern University, 1968) is a prominent American social psychologist. Brewer is well known for her contributions to the field of social identity and has also conducted research in the areas of social cognition and intergroup relations.[5] While she is particularly recognized for her theory of optimal distinctiveness, she has been honored by a variety of organizations for wide-ranging and diverse contributions to the field of social psychology. Brewer''s Social Psychology Network page Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NSK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers


id: en-wikipedia-org-8533
title: Wonder (emotion) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8533.txt
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  It has historically been seen as an important aspect of human nature, specifically being linked with curiosity and the drive behind intellectual exploration.[1] Wonder is also often compared to the emotion of awe[2] but awe implies fear or respect rather than joy. He noted that when people first encounter a surprising or new object that is "far different from what we knew before, or from what we supposed it should have been, we admire it, and are astonished at it."[3] But Descartes, unlike the Greek philosophers before him, held a fundamentally negative view of admiration: "Although it is good to be born with some kind of inclination to this passion [admiration] because it disposes us to the acquisition of sciences, yet we ought afterwards to endeavor as much as we can to be rid of it."[4] In God in Search of Man, Abraham Joshua Heschel claims that wonder is a key emotion in living a worthy life.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8558
title: Annette Baier - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8558.txt
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  Annette Baier Wikipedia Annette Claire Baier (née Stoop; 11 October 1929 – 2 November 2012)[1][2] was a New Zealand philosopher and Hume scholar, focused in particular on Hume''s moral psychology. Baier studied at the University of Otago and from 1952 onwards at Somerville College, Oxford, where she met fellow philosophers Philippa Foot and G.E.M. Anscombe. External links[edit] Annette Baier, 1929-2012 In Memoriam posted by The Hume Society Wikiquote has quotations related to: Annette Baier Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers This page was last edited on 20 November 2020, at 18:21 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-860
title: Meta-analysis - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-860.txt
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  Here it is convenient to follow the terminology used by the Cochrane Collaboration,[4] and use "meta-analysis" to refer to statistical methods of combining evidence, leaving other aspects of ''research synthesis'' or ''evidence synthesis'', such as combining information from qualitative studies, for the more general context of systematic reviews. Doi & Barendregt working in collaboration with Khan, Thalib and Williams (from the University of Queensland, University of Southern Queensland and Kuwait University), have created an inverse variance quasi likelihood based alternative (IVhet) to the random effects (RE) model for which details are available online.[38] This was incorporated into MetaXL version 2.0,[39] a free Microsoft excel add-in for meta-analysis produced by Epigear International Pty Ltd, and made available on 5 April 2014. Doi and Thalib originally introduced the quality effects model.[41] They[42] introduced a new approach to adjustment for inter-study variability by incorporating the contribution of variance due to a relevant component (quality) in addition to the contribution of variance due to random error that is used in any fixed effects meta-analysis model to generate weights for each study.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8701
title: Interest (emotion) - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8701.txt
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  Interest (emotion) Wikipedia Facial expression of intense interest (emotion), which includes jaws being dropped, tongue being stuck upward and outward, and pupils being dilated. Interest is a feeling or emotion that causes attention to focus on an object, event, or process. The emotion of interest does have its own facial expression, of which the most prominent component is having dilated pupils.[2][3] Applications in computer assisted communication and B-C interface[edit] Measurement of sexual interest[edit] In social science measurement methodology, when the intensity of (sexual) interest needs to be measured, the changes in pupil size – despite its weaker, but still consistent, correlations with other measures such as self-reported measures of sexual interest''s orientation – have been proposed as its appropriate measure.[5] External links[edit] Social emotional development Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2017 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8718
title: Annoyance - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-8718.txt
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  Annoyance Wikipedia Annoyance is an unpleasant mental state that is characterized by irritation and distraction from one''s conscious thinking. It can lead to emotions such as frustration and anger. A study published in the International Journal of Conflict Management found that one''s response to an annoyance, at least when the perceived cause is another person, escalate to more extreme levels as they go unresolved.[1] It also found that one was more likely to blame the party who was causing the annoyance in the study, rather than one''s self, for the annoyance as it escalated. Psychological warfare can involve creating annoyances to distract and wear down the resistance of the target. Social emotional development Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers


id: en-wikipedia-org-8726
title: Institutional trust (social sciences) - Wikipedia
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  Institutional trust (social sciences) Wikipedia Institutional trust (social sciences) Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia''s general notability guideline. Find sources: "Institutional trust" social sciences – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Institutional_trust_(social_sciences)&oldid=815960113" Hidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2014 All articles lacking in-text citations Articles that may contain original research from August 2013 Articles with topics of unclear notability from August 2013 All articles with topics of unclear notability By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8759
title: Category:Social epistemology - Wikipedia
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  Category:Social epistemology Wikipedia Category:Social epistemology Jump to navigation Jump to search Wikimedia Commons has media related to Social epistemology. Epistemology Epistemology of science Formal epistemology Epistemological theories The main article for this category is Social epistemology. This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. Pages in category "Social epistemology" The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more). Social epistemology Social epistemology Common knowledge Common knowledge (logic) Epistemic community Feminist epistemology Social choice theory Social Epistemology (journal) Sociology of knowledge Trust (social science) Epistemology of Wikipedia Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Social_epistemology&oldid=907013384" Categories: Epistemology Social philosophy Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata Navigation menu Personal tools Views View history Navigation Community portal Tools Wikimedia Commons Edit links By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Privacy policy Mobile view


id: en-wikipedia-org-8765
title: PubMed - Wikipedia
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  PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. A new PubMed interface was launched in October 2009 and encouraged the use of such quick, Google-like search formulations; they have also been described as ''telegram'' searches.[12] By default the results are sorted by Most Recent, but this can be changed to Best Match, Publication Date, First Author, Last Author, Journal, or Title.[13] LinkOut, a NLM facility to link (and make available full-text) local journal holdings.[29] Some 3,200 sites (mainly academic institutions) participate in this NLM facility (as of March 2010[update]), from Aalborg University in Denmark to ZymoGenetics in Seattle.[30] Users at these institutions see their institution''s logo within the PubMed search result (if the journal is held at that institution) and can access the full-text.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8815
title: Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2019 - Wikipedia
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  Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2019 Wikipedia Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2019 Jump to navigation These categories are used to track, build and organize lists of pages needing "attention en masse" (for example, pages using deprecated syntax), or that may need to be edited at someone''s earliest convenience. This category combines all Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2019 (2019-12) to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations. Pages in category "Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2019" Human sacrifice in Maya culture Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2019&oldid=928554502" Wikipedia articles needing page number citations Wikipedia articles needing page number citations Monthly clean-up category (Wikipedia articles needing page number citations) counter Personal tools View history By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8821
title: Lust - Wikipedia
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  According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, a Christian''s heart is lustful when "venereal satisfaction is sought for either outside wedlock or, at any rate, in a manner which is contrary to the laws that govern marital intercourse".[3] Pope John Paul II said that lust devalues the eternal attraction of male and female, reducing personal riches of the opposite sex to an object for gratification of sexuality.[4] St Thomas Aquinas differentiates between sexual intercourse within marriage, which is seen as meritorious through giving justice to one''s spouse, and sins of lust which can themselves be differentiated in magnitude of immorality according to intention and action. Aquinas says the sin of lust is of "voluptuous emotions", and makes the point that sexual pleasures, "unloosen the human spirit", and set aside right reason (pg. Aquinas restricts lust''s subject matter to physical desires specifically arising from sexual acts, but he does not assume all sex-acts are sinful.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8866
title: Psychology - Wikipedia
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  This psychotherapy aimed to align suitable Germans with the overall goals of the Reich; as described by one physician: "Despite the importance of analysis, spiritual guidance and the active cooperation of the patient represent the best way to overcome individual mental problems and to subordinate them to the requirements of the Volk and the Gemeinschaft." Psychologists were to provide Seelenführung, leadership of the mind, to integrate people into the new vision of a German community.[48] Harald Schultz-Hencke melded psychology with the Nazi theory of biology and racial origins, criticizing psychoanalysis as a study of the weak and deformed.[49] Johannes Heinrich Schultz, a German psychologist recognized for developing the technique of autogenic training, prominently advocated sterilization and euthanasia of men considered genetically undesirable, and devised techniques for facilitating this process.[50] After the war, some new institutions were created and some psychologists were discredited due to Nazi affiliation.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8883
title: Skepticism - Wikipedia
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  Skepticism (American and Canadian English) or scepticism (British, Irish, and Australian English) is generally a questioning attitude or doubt towards one or more putative instances of knowledge which are asserted to be mere belief or dogma.[1][2] Formally, skepticism is a topic of interest in philosophy, particularly epistemology. Radical forms of philosophical skepticism deny that knowledge or rational belief is possible and urge us to suspend judgment on many or all controversial matters. In Reid''s view, such common-sense beliefs are foundational and require no proof in order to be rationally justified.[14] Not long after Hume''s death, the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) argued that human moral awareness makes no sense unless we reject Hume''s skeptical conclusions about the existence of God, the soul, free will, and an afterlife.


id: en-wikipedia-org-8999
title: Gratitude - Wikipedia
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  The study of gratitude within psychology has included the understanding of the short term experience of the emotion of gratitude (state gratitude), individual differences in how frequently people feel gratitude (trait gratitude), and the relationship between these two aspects, as well as the therapeutic benefits of gratitude.[10][11] A study conducted by McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, (2002) found similar correlations between gratitude and empathy, generosity, and helpfulness towards the creation of a social reciprocity even with strangers that is beneficial to the individuals in the short and in the middle terms.[41][42] "Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience" (PDF).


id: en-wikipedia-org-9015
title: Sviatoslav I - Wikipedia
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  In the treaty of 971 between Sviatoslav and the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes, the Rus'' swore by the gods Perun and Veles.[14] According to the Primary Chronicle, he believed that his warriors (druzhina) would lose respect for him and mock him if he became a Christian.[15] The allegiance of his warriors was of paramount importance in his conquest of an empire that stretched from the Volga to the Danube. Those who would not join him, such as the Vyatichs, were attacked and forced to pay tribute to the Kievan Rus'' rather than to the Khazars.[20] According to a legend recorded in the Primary Chronicle, Sviatoslav sent a message to the Vyatich rulers, consisting of a single phrase: "I want to come at you!" (Old East Slavic: "хочю на вы ити")[21] This phrase is used in modern Russian (usually misquoted as "Иду на вы") and in modern Ukrainian ("Іду на ви") to denote an unequivocal declaration of one''s intentions.


id: en-wikipedia-org-9054
title: Hope - Wikipedia
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  Professor of Psychology Barbara Fredrickson argues that hope comes into its own when crisis looms, opening us to new creative possibilities.[4] Frederickson argues that with great need comes an unusually wide range of ideas, as well as such positive emotions as happiness and joy, courage, and empowerment, drawn from four different areas of one''s self: from a cognitive, psychological, social, or physical perspective.[5] Hopeful people are "like the little engine that could, [because] they keep telling themselves "I think I can, I think I can".[6] Such positive thinking bears fruit when based on a realistic sense of optimism, not on a naive "false hope".[7] As a specialist in positive psychology, Snyder studied how hope and forgiveness can impact several aspects of life such as health, work, education, and personal meaning. While the nature of the goals in Snyder''s model differ with those in Herth''s model, they both view hope as a way to maintain personal motivation, which ultimately will result in a greater sense of optimism.


id: en-wikipedia-org-905
title: Generalized trust - Wikipedia
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  Generalized trust Wikipedia Trust that people have in members of society in general It is often measured in survey-based social science research by asking the question, "Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you can''t be too careful in dealing with people?" This question has been included in the General Social Surveys in the United States, the World Values Survey, and the European Social Surveys.[2][3] Unlike many other human behavioral traits, generalized trust has been found to exhibit a moderate to low heritability in behavior genetic studies, implying that culture is more important in the development of such trust than is genetics. "What Have We Learned About Generalized Trust, If Anything?". "Generalized Trust and Intelligence in the United States". This sociology-related article is a stub. All stub articles By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikipedia-org-9098
title: Confidence - Wikipedia
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  The more context-based Personal Evaluation Inventory (PEI), developed by Shrauger (1995), measures specific self-esteem and self-confidence in different aspects (speaking in public spaces, academic performance, physical appearance, romantic relationships, social interactions, athletic ability, and general self-confidence score.[97] Other surveys have also measured self-confidence in a similar way by evoking examples of more concrete activities (e.g. making new friends, keeping up with course demands, managing time wisely, etc.).[69] The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) measures on a scale of 1 to 4 how confident athletes feel about winning an upcoming match.[98] Likewise, the Trait Robustness of Sports-Confidence Inventory (TROSCI) requires respondents to provide numerical answers on a nine-point scale answering such questions about how much one''s self-confidence goes up and down, and how sensitive one''s self-confidence is to performance and negative feedback.[99]


id: en-wikipedia-org-913
title: In-group and out-group - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-913.txt
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  This process can begin by simply viewing a person''s face.[9] Research indicates that individuals are faster and more accurate at recognizing faces of ingroup vs outgroup members.[10] For example, researchers in a cross-race recognition study recorded blood oxygenation level-dependent signal (BOLD) activity from black and white participants while they viewed and attempted to remember pictures of unfamiliar black faces, white faces and objects.[11] They found that participants in this study exhibited greater activity in the Fusiform Face Area (FFA),an area of the Fusiform Gyrus located in the inferior temporal cortex of the brain linked to object and face recognition, when viewing same race faces compared to other race faces[11] Lower activity in the FFA reflects a failure to encode outgroup members at the individual level rather than the categorical level, which comes at the expense of encoding individuating information.[12][13][14] This suggests out-group or unfamiliar faces may not be "faces" with the same intensity as in-group faces.[15] Prior research has also shown that the devaluation and dehumanization of outgroup members is exacerbated when the initial encoding and configural processing of an outgroup face is impeded.[16] So not only does this initial encoding process dehumanize outgroup members, it also contributes to a homogeneity effect, whereby outgroup members are perceived as more similar to each other than ingroup members.[17]


id: en-wikipedia-org-9176
title: View source for Template:Emotion - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-9176.txt
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  View source for Template:Emotion Wikipedia View source for Template:Emotion You are still able to view pages, but you are not currently able to edit, move, or create them. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption. If you are using a Wikipedia account, you will need to request an IP block exemption by either using the unblock template or by submitting an appeal using the unblock ticket request system. Even if blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page and email other editors and administrators. Template:Emotion (edit) Module:Documentation (view source) (template editor protected) Module:Documentation/config (view source) (template editor protected) Module:Documentation/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected) Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)


id: en-wikipedia-org-9215
title: Shyness - Wikipedia
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  Carducci, introverts choose to avoid social situations because they derive no reward from them or may find surplus sensory input overwhelming, whereas shy people may fear such situations.[19] Research using the statistical techniques of factor analysis and correlation have found shyness overlaps mildly with both introversion and neuroticism (i.e., negative emotionality).[20][21][22] Low societal acceptance of shyness or introversion may reinforce a shy or introverted individual''s low self-confidence.[23][page needed] No correlation (positive or negative) exists between intelligence and shyness.[35] Research indicates that shy children have a harder time expressing their knowledge in social situations (which most modern curricula utilize) and because they do not engage actively in discussions, teachers view them as less intelligent. In a cross-cultural study of Chinese and Canadian school children, researchers sought to measure several variables related to social reputation and peer relationships, including "shyness-sensitivity." Using peer nomination questionnaire, students evaluated their fellow students using positive and negative playmate nominations. Like other cultures where shyness and inhibition is viewed negatively, peers of shy and inhibited Italian children reject the socially fearful, cautious and withdrawn.


id: en-wikipedia-org-9253
title: Enthusiasm - Wikipedia
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  This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Methodist preachers are known for their enthusiasm in promulgating the doctrines of the new birth and entire sanctification to the public at events such as tent revivals and camp meetings, which they believe is the reason that God raised them up into existence.[1] The Royal Society bylaws stipulated that any person discussing religion or politics at a Society meeting was to be summarily ejected for being an "enthusiast."[citation needed] During the 18th century, popular Methodists such as John Wesley or George Whitefield were accused of blind enthusiasm, a charge against which they defended themselves by distinguishing fanaticism from "religion of the heart." Methodists who enthusiastically preach about and experience the new birth (first work of grace) and entire sanctification (second work of grace) often have emotional experiences.[1]


id: en-wikipedia-org-9285
title: System - Wikipedia
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  In 1945 he introduced models, principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses, irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements, and the relation or ''forces'' between them.[5] Important distinctions have also been made[15] between hard systems – technical in nature and amenable to methods such as systems engineering, operations research, and quantitative systems analysis – and soft systems that involve people and organisations, commonly associated with concepts developed by Peter Checkland and Brian Wilson through Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) involving methods such as action research and emphasis of participatory designs. Systems modeling is generally a basic principle in engineering and in social sciences. In management science, operations research and organizational development (OD), human organizations are viewed as systems (conceptual systems) of interacting components such as subsystems or system aggregates, which are carriers of numerous complex business processes (organizational behaviors) and organizational structures.


id: en-wikipedia-org-9301
title: Acceptance - Wikipedia
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  Acceptance in human psychology is a person''s assent to the reality of a situation, recognizing a process or condition (often a negative or uncomfortable situation) without attempting to change it or protest it. Eckhart Tolle, a spiritual teacher who is alive today, defines acceptance as a "this is it" response to anything occurring in any moment of life.[citation needed] There, strength, peace and serenity are available when one stops struggling to resist, or hang on tightly to what is so in any given moment. Self-acceptance[edit] Main article: Self-acceptance Social acceptance[edit] Social acceptance can be defined as tolerating the differences and diversity in others because most people attempt to look and act like others do in order to fit in.[citation needed] A person has been made an offer that they are willing to agree on as long as some changes are made in its terms or that some conditions or event occurs gives conditional acceptance. They accept the terms without any changes.


id: en-wikipedia-org-9334
title: Gratification - Wikipedia
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  Pleasurable emotional reaction of happiness in response to a fulfillment of a desire or goal Gratification is the pleasurable emotional reaction of happiness in response to a fulfillment of a desire or goal. Gratification, like all emotions, is a motivator of behavior and thus plays a role in the entire range of human social systems. Immediate and delayed gratification[edit] Walter Mischel developed the well-known marshmallow experiment to test gratification patterns in four-year-olds, offering one marshmallow now or two after a delay.[6] He discovered in long-term follow-up that the ability to resist eating the marshmallow immediately was a good predictor of success in later life. Duncan, and Haonan Quan, published Revisiting the Marshmallow Test: A Conceptual Replication Investigating Links Between Early Delay of Gratification and Later Outcomes[7] debunking the original marshmallow experiment. "Revisiting the Marshmallow Test: A Conceptual Replication Investigating Links Between Early Delay of Gratification and Later Outcomes". Social emotional development


id: en-wikipedia-org-9425
title: Contact hypothesis - Wikipedia
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  In psychology and other social sciences, the contact hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact under appropriate conditions can effectively reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. Board of Education, Robert Carter and Thurgood Marshall, from the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, solicited expert opinions from social science.[12][13] A range of social scientists, from Kenneth Clark to Floyd and Gordon Allport, weighed in on the psychological effects of desegregation, and conditions under which interracial contact might attenuate racial prejudice, including an amicus curiae brief filed in the Brown v. Stefania Paolini, Jake Harwood, and Mark Rubin (2010) proposed that intergroup contact may have more negative than positive effects on prejudice, because it makes outgroup members'' social group more salient during encounters,[54] the negative contact hypothesis.


id: en-wikipedia-org-9435
title: Handle System - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-9435.txt
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  The system currently provides the underlying infrastructure for such handle-based systems as Digital Object Identifiers and DSpace, which are mainly used to provide access to scholarly, professional and government documents and other information resources. CNRI provides specifications and the source code for reference implementations for the servers and protocols used in the system under a royalty-free "Public License", similar to an open source license.[5] Among the objects that are currently identified by handles are journal articles, technical reports, books, theses and dissertations, government documents, metadata, distributed learning content, and data sets. Although individual users may download and use the HANDLE.NET software independently, many users have found it beneficial to collaborate in developing applications in a federation, using common policy or additional technology to provide shared services. Major publishers use the Handle System for persistent identification of commercially traded and Open Access content through its implementation with the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system.


id: en-wikipedia-org-9544
title: Wikipedia:General disclaimer - Wikipedia
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  Wikipedia is an online open-content collaborative encyclopedia; that is, a voluntary association of individuals and groups working to develop a common resource of human knowledge. None of the contributors, sponsors, administrators or anyone else connected with Wikipedia in any way whatsoever can be responsible for the appearance of any inaccurate or libelous information or for your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages. There is no agreement or understanding between you and Wikipedia regarding your use or modification of this information beyond the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL); neither is anyone at Wikipedia responsible should someone change, edit, modify or remove any information that you may post on Wikipedia or any of its associated projects. Categories: Wikipedia disclaimers Hidden categories: Wikipedia fully-protected project pages


id: en-wikipedia-org-9560
title: Rage (emotion) - Wikipedia
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  Rage (emotion) Wikipedia Artist''s sketches that show two types of extreme emotions; the right illustration shows rage mixed with fear. Together, inductive and deductive reasoning have assisted in developing adaptive conflict management strategies that assist in the cessation of rage caused by cognitive dissonance[citation needed]. Role playing and personal study are the two main techniques used to aid individuals with managing rage. This type of therapy has proven to be effective for individuals that are highly stressed and are prone to rage.[13] Rage is often used to denote hostile/affective/reactive aggression.[15] Rage tends to be expressed when a person faces a threat to their pride, position, ability to deceive others, self-deceptive beliefs, or socioeconomic status.[16] This maladaptive conflict management strategy often stems from cognitive dissonance, most simply put, a ''no'' where a ''yes'' has been. Media related to Rage (emotion) at Wikimedia Commons Categories: Rage (emotion)


id: en-wikipedia-org-9584
title: Emotion - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-9584.txt
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  According to some theories, they are states of feeling that result in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior.[5] The physiology of emotion is closely linked to arousal of the nervous system with various states and strengths of arousal relating, apparently, to particular emotions. Using statistical methods to analyze emotional states elicited by short videos, Cowen and Keltner identified 27 varieties of emotional experience: admiration, adoration, aesthetic appreciation, amusement, anger, anxiety, awe, awkwardness, boredom, calmness, confusion, craving, disgust, empathic pain, entrancement, excitement, fear, horror, interest, joy, nostalgia, relief, romance, sadness, satisfaction, sexual desire and surprise.[52] Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.[86] Turner analyzed a wide range of emotion theories across different fields of research including sociology, psychology, evolutionary science, and neuroscience.


id: en-wikipedia-org-961
title: Misplaced loyalty - Wikipedia
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  Misplaced loyalty Wikipedia This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor''s personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Psychoanalysis would highlight the accompanying paradox that ''the child, it should be remembered, always defends the bad parent more ferociously than the good''.[6] The paradox may help account for what have been called ''trauma bonds...the misplaced loyalties found in exploitive cults, incest families, or hostage and kidnapping situations, or codependents who live with alcoholics, compulsive gamblers or sex addicts''.[7] The charge of misplaced loyalty is often used as a weapon in analytic disputes. Ashe J Misplaced Loyalty (1997) Frost G Loyalty misplaced Misdirected virtue and social disintegration (1997) Frost G Dangerous Attachments: The social costs of misplaced loyalty Long ML Misplaced Loyalty (2009) ''Misplaced'' loyalty to banks is bad for economy Wikipedia articles with style issues from December 2020


id: en-wikipedia-org-9626
title: Social psychology - Wikipedia
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  By the 1970s, however, social psychology in America had reached a crisis, as heated debates would emerge over issues such as ethical concerns about laboratory experimentation, whether attitude could actually predict behavior, and how much science could really be done in a cultural context.[7] This was also the time when a radical situationist approach came to challenge the relevance of self and personality in psychology.[8] Modern researchers are interested in many phenomena, though attribution, social cognition, and the self-concept are perhaps the greatest areas of growth in recent years.[9] Social psychologists have also maintained their applied interests with contributions in the social psychology of health, education, law, and the workplace.[10] In social psychology, attitude is defined as learned, global evaluations (e.g. of people or issues) that influence thought and action.[11][page needed] Attitudes are basic expressions of approval and disapproval, or as Bem (1970) suggests, likes and dislikes (e.g. enjoying chocolate ice cream, or endorsing the values of a particular political party).[12] Because people are influenced by situations, general attitudes are not always good predictors of specific behavior.


id: en-wikipedia-org-974
title: Awe - Wikipedia
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  He defines awe as an "overwhelming and bewildering sense of connection with a startling universe that is usually far beyond the narrow band of our consciousness." Pearsall sees awe as the 11th emotion, beyond those now scientifically accepted (i.e., love, fear, sadness, embarrassment, curiosity, pride, enjoyment, despair, guilt, and anger)."[7] Most definitions allow for awe to be a positive or a negative experience, but when asked to describe events that elicit awe, most people only cite positive experiences.[8] This primordial awe would have occurred only when the high-status person had characteristics of vastness (in size, fame, authority, or prestige) that required the low-status individual to engage in Piagetian accommodation (changing one''s mental representation of the world to accommodate the new experience). Konečni postulated that the evolutionary origins of awe are from unexpected encounters with natural wonders, which would have been sexually selected for because reverence, intellectual sensitivity, emotional sensitivity, and elite membership would have been attractive characteristics in a mate, and these characteristics would also have given individuals greater access to awe-inspiring situations.


id: en-wikipedia-org-9752
title: Category:Computational trust - Wikipedia
txt: ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-9752.txt
cache: ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-9752.html
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  Category:Computational trust Wikipedia Category:Computational trust Jump to navigation Jump to search The main article for this category is Computational trust. Not to be confused with Category:Trusted computing. This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. Pages in category "Computational trust" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more). Computational trust Trust metric Trusted system Trusted third party Web of trust Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Computational_trust&oldid=868777599" Categories: Computer security Accountability Navigation menu Personal tools Create account Category Views Edit View history Navigation Main page Learn to edit Recent changes Tools What links here Special pages Permanent link Page information Edit links This page was last edited on 14 November 2018, at 11:01 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Privacy policy About Wikipedia About Wikipedia Contact Wikipedia Mobile view


id: en-wikipedia-org-9866
title: Remorse - Wikipedia
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  Two studies on apologising are "The Five Languages of Apology" by Gary Chapman and Jennifer Thomas[3] and "On Apology" by Aaron Lazare.[4] These studies indicate that effective apologies that express remorse typically include a detailed account of the offense; acknowledgment of the hurt or damage done; acceptance of the responsibility for, and ownership of, the act or omission; an explanation that recognises one''s role. Remorse may signal that one is suffering psychologically because of one''s negative behavior, which leads to empathy from the victim, who may then express forgiveness.[10] In a study by James Davis and Greg Gold, 170 university students filled out questionnaires about forgiveness within interpersonal relationships. ^ a b c Davis, J; Gold, G (2011), "An examination of emotional empathy, attributions of stability, and the link between perceived remorse and forgiveness", Personality and Individual Differences, 50 (3): 392–397, doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.10.031


id: en-wikipedia-org-9956
title: Social constructionism - Wikipedia
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  According to Lock and Strong, other influential thinkers whose work has affected the development of social constructionism are: Edmund Husserl, Alfred Schutz, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur, Jürgen Habermas, Emmanuel Levinas, Mikhail Bakhtin, Valentin Volosinov, Lev Vygotsky, George Herbert Mead, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gregory Bateson, Harold Garfinkel, Erving Goffman, Anthony Giddens, Michel Foucault, Ken Gergen, Mary Gergen, Rom Harre, and John Shotter.[11] Social constructionism has been criticized for having an overly narrow focus on society and culture as a causal factor in human behavior, excluding the influence of innate biological tendencies, by psychologists such as Steven Pinker in The Blank Slate[50] as well as by Asian Studies scholar Edward Slingerland in What Science Offers the Humanities.[51] John Tooby and Leda Cosmides used the term "standard social science model" to refer to social-science philosophies that they argue fail to take into account the evolved properties of the brain.[52]


id: en-wikipedia-org-995
title: Profit margin - Wikipedia
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  Profit margin Wikipedia It is calculated by finding the net profit as a percentage of the revenue.[1] net profit margin Profit margin is calculated with selling price (or revenue) taken as base times 100. It is difficult to accurately compare the net profit ratio for different entities. Profit margin is an indicator of a company''s pricing strategies and how well it controls costs. If an investor makes $10 revenue and it cost them $9 to earn it, when they take their cost away they are left with 10% margin. Profit percentage[edit] On the other hand, profit percentage is calculated with cost price taken as base If the revenue is the same as the cost, profit percentage is 0%. Gross profit margin ^ "profit margin Definition". By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


id: en-wikiquote-org-5220
title: Trust - Wikiquote
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  By trusting it to the end it shall ripen into truth, and you shall know why you believe. Thou know''st how fearless is my trust in thee. To be trusted is a greater compliment than to be loved. Preserve me, O God: for in thee do I put my trust. And so far will I trust thee. I am sorry I must never trust thee more, Edward Snowden: The NSA has the greatest surveillance capabilities that we''ve ever seen in history; now what they will argue is that they don''t use this for nefarious purposes against American citizens, in some ways that''s true, but the real problem is that they are using these capabilities to make us vulnerable to them and then saying while I have a gun pointed at your head I''m not gonna pull the trigger, trust me. Quotes reported in Hoyt''s New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p.


id: en-wikiversity-org-7752
title: Earning Trust - Wikiversity
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  Whenever we meet someone for the first time, we instinctively begin to evaluate the level of trust we can wisely attribute to our relationship with the other person. We use reputation information to help set expectations for future transactions; it eases exchange of valuables and reduces risk. Trust forms the basis for social interactions, especially reciprocity and the agreements for future actions essential for planning and working together. Levels of Trust[edit | edit source] As we meet people, spend time with them, and establish a relationship we naturally estimate how much we trust them. Consider the level of trust that exists in the relationship you have with that person. Understand what is being proposed, described, and discussed; the expectations of others, problems you might encounter, the risks involved, changes that may occur, what you are agreeing to, others you may need to rely on, and your preparation and ability to meet commitments. Extending Trust[edit | edit source]


id: en-wiktionary-org-1006
title: trustworthy - Wiktionary
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  trustworthy Wiktionary Jump to navigation Jump to search English[edit] Etymology[edit] English Wikipedia has an article on:Trust (social sciences) Pronunciation[edit] Adjective[edit] Deserving of trust, reliable. Synonyms[edit] Antonyms[edit] Derived terms[edit] Translations[edit] Khmer: please add this translation if you can Mongolian: please add this translation if you can Spanish: fidedigno (es), fiable (es), de confianza, confiable (es), de fiar Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can Categories: English words suffixed with -worthy English 3-syllable words English terms with IPA pronunciation English terms with audio links English lemmas English adjectives English terms with quotations Hidden categories: Requests for translations into Khmer Requests for translations into Mongolian Spanish redlinks/t Spanish redlinks/t Requests for translations into Vietnamese Edit Edit Navigation Requested entries Page information Simple English This page was last edited on 1 September 2020, at 22:41. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. About Wiktionary


