id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 1 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 2 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 5 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 6 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 19 Attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 20 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 22 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 23 fake fake JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 24 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 25 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 27 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 28 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 31 attacker attacker NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 32 subverts subvert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 34 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 35 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 38 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 39 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 41 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 43 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 44 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 46 pseudonymous pseudonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 47 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 49 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 50 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 52 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 53 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 54 disproportionately disproportionately RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 55 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 56 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 1 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 3 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 4 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 6 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 9 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 10 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 13 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 14 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 17 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 18 diagnosed diagnose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 20 dissociative dissociative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 21 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 22 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 2 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 5 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 7 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 10 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 11 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 13 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 14 Zill Zill NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 16 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 17 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 3 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 6 pseudospoofing pseudospoofing NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 8 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 10 coined coin VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 12 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 13 Detweiler Detweiler NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 16 Cypherpunks Cypherpunks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 17 mailing mailing NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 18 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 23 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 25 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 29 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 30 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 33 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 34 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 36 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 37 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 39 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 42 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 43 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 44 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 45 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 46 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 48 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 49 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 52 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 53 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 4 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 4 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 5 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 8 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 9 sock sock NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 10 puppetry puppetry NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 5 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 3 Description description NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 5 Example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 7 Prevention Prevention NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 8 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 9 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 10 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 11 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 12 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 13 trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 14 graphs graph VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 15 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 16 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 17 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 18 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 19 Personhood Personhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 20 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 21 3.5 3.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 22 Application application NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 24 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 25 defenses defense NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 26 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 27 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 28 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 29 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 30 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 31 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 32 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 33 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 34 Description[edit Description[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 36 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 37 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 38 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 40 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 41 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 42 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 43 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 44 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 45 wherein wherein WRB en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 47 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 48 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 50 subverted subvert VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 52 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 53 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 54 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 6 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 5 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 6 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 8 vulnerability vulnerability NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 11 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 12 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 13 depends depend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 15 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 16 cheaply cheaply RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 17 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 18 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 20 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 23 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 27 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 28 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 29 accepts accept VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 30 inputs input NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 32 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 34 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 36 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 38 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 40 trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 41 linking link VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 42 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 45 trusted trust VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 46 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 49 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 51 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 52 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 53 treats treat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 54 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 55 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 56 identically identically RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 7 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 3 2012[update 2012[update NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 6 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 7 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 9 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 11 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 12 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 13 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 14 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 16 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 17 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 20 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 21 cheap cheap JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 23 efficient efficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 24 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 26 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 27 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 28 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 31 BitTorrent BitTorrent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 32 Mainline Mainline NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 33 DHT DHT NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 8 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 2 5][6 5][6 VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 5 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 8 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 12 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 13 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 16 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 18 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 20 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 21 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 23 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 24 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 9 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 2 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 3 advertises advertise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 4 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 7 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 11 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 12 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 14 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 16 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 10 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 1 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 2 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 3 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 4 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 6 correspond correspond VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 9 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 10 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 11 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 6 mapping mapping NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 8 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 10 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 12 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 1 Entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 3 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 7 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 8 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 9 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 10 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 11 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 13 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 15 redundancy redundancy NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 17 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 18 sharing sharing NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 20 reliability reliability NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 22 integrity integrity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 13 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 2 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 6 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 7 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 10 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 15 abstraction abstraction NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 16 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 19 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 20 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 23 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 25 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 26 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 27 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 28 knowing know VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 30 correspondence correspondence NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 32 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 34 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 35 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 14 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 2 default default NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 4 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 5 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 6 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 8 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 9 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 11 correspond correspond VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 14 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 15 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 16 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 15 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 2 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 5 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 7 correspond correspond VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 10 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 11 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 12 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 16 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 2 adversary adversary NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 4 present present VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 5 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 6 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 9 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 13 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 14 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 16 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 18 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 20 function function VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 22 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 23 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 24 nodes node NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 17 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 2 adversary adversary NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 4 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 6 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 8 acquire acquire VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 10 disproportionate disproportionate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 11 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 13 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 14 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 16 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 21 affecting affect VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 22 voting voting NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 23 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 18 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 3 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 8 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 9 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 12 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 13 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 15 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 16 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 18 sockpuppets sockpuppet NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 19 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 1 Example[edit example[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 4 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 5 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 6 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 9 conjunction conjunction NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 12 traffic traffic NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 13 confirmation confirmation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 14 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 17 launched launch VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 18 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 20 Tor Tor NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 21 anonymity anonymity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 22 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 24 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 25 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 27 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 29 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 30 perpetrators perpetrator NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 20 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 2 7][8 7][8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 4 Prevention[edit prevention[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 6 Known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 7 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 9 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 10 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 11 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 12 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 13 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 14 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 16 social social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 17 trust trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 18 graph graph NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 19 algorithms algorithms NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 22 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 23 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 25 personhood personhood NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 26 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 29 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 31 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 32 defenses defense NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 21 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 1 Identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 2 validation[edit validation[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 4 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 5 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 10 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 11 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 12 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 14 dismiss dismiss VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 15 masquerading masquerade VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 16 hostile hostile JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 17 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 22 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 2 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 3 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 5 accept accept VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 7 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 8 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 12 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 13 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 15 ensures ensure VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 22 correspondence correspondence NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 23 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 25 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 28 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 30 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 31 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 32 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 34 reverse reverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 35 lookup lookup NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 23 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 2 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 5 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 6 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 7 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 9 indirectly indirectly RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 24 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 2 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 3 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 5 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 6 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 7 queries query NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 9 central central NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 10 authority authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 12 validate validate VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 14 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 15 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 25 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 2 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 3 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 5 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 6 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 7 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 9 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 11 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 12 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 15 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 16 vouch vouch RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 19 validity validity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 22 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 23 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 25 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 26 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 1 Practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 2 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 3 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 5 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 6 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 7 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 9 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 11 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 12 proxies proxy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 14 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 15 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 16 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 17 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 18 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 22 telephone telephone NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 23 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 24 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 26 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 27 card card NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 28 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 31 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 32 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 35 IP IP NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 36 address address NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 39 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 27 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 2 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 5 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 9 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 10 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 12 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 13 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 15 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 16 proxies proxy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 19 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 20 — — : en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 22 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 24 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 25 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 27 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 28 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 29 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 30 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 33 SMS sms NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 34 spoofing spoofing NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 36 IP IP NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 37 address address NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 38 spoofing spoof VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 28 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 1 Use use NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 4 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 5 proxies proxy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 8 exclude exclude VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 9 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 10 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 11 ready ready JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 12 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 15 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 16 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 17 proxy proxy NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 19 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 21 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 22 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 24 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 25 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 26 phone phone NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 28 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 29 card card NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 32 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 33 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 34 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 35 carrier carrier NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 37 grade grade NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 38 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 39 address address NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 40 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 41 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 42 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 43 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 44 IP ip NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 45 addresses address NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 46 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 47 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 48 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 29 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 1 Identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 3 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 4 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 5 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 7 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 8 accountability accountability NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 11 expense expense NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 13 anonymity anonymity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 19 undesirable undesirable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 20 tradeoff tradeoff NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 21 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 23 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 24 forums forum NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 26 wish wish VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 28 permit permit VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 29 censorship censorship NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 31 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 32 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 33 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 35 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 36 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 38 sensitive sensitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 39 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 30 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 2 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 3 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 5 attempt attempt VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 7 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 8 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 9 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 10 anonymity anonymity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 12 refusing refuse VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 14 perform perform VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 15 reverse reverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 16 lookups lookup NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 20 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 21 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 23 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 24 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 26 prime prime JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 27 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 29 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 31 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 1 Protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 3 threshold threshold NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 4 cryptography cryptography NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 6 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 7 distribute distribute VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 9 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 11 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 13 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 14 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 15 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 16 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 17 servers server NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 19 protecting protect VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 20 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 21 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 22 anonymity anonymity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 23 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 24 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 25 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 28 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 29 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 31 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 32 servers server NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 34 compromised compromise VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 32 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 5 trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 6 graphs[edit graphs[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 8 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 9 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 10 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 11 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 14 connectivity connectivity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 15 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 17 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 18 graphs graphs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 19 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 21 limit limit VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 23 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 25 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 27 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 29 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 32 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 33 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 34 attacker attacker NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 35 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 36 preserving preserve VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 37 anonymity anonymity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 33 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 1 Examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 4 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 5 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 7 SybilGuard,[10 SybilGuard,[10 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 9 SybilLimit,[11 sybillimit,[11 NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 12 Advogato Advogato NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 13 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 14 Metric,[12 Metric,[12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 18 sparsity sparsity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 19 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 20 metric metric JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 22 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 23 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 24 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 27 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 28 P2P p2p NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 29 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 30 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 31 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 34 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 5 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 8 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 9 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 10 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 11 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 14 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 16 vulnerable vulnerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 18 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 19 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 21 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 22 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 23 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 35 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 7 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 8 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 9 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 11 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 12 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 13 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 14 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 15 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 16 satisfy satisfy VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 18 trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 20 connectivity connectivity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 21 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 23 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 24 algorithms algorithm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 25 assume assume VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 36 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 4 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 5 costs[edit costs[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 7 Alternatively alternatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 9 imposing impose VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 10 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 11 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 13 artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 14 barriers barrier NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 16 entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 17 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 19 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 21 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 22 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 23 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 24 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 25 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 37 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 1 Proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 3 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 8 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 10 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 12 prove prove VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 15 expended expend VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 17 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 18 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 20 computational computational JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 21 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 23 solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 25 cryptographic cryptographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 26 puzzle puzzle NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 38 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 2 Bitcoin Bitcoin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 4 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 5 permissionless permissionless NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 6 cryptocurrencies cryptocurrencie NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 8 miners miner NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 9 compete compete VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 11 append append VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 12 blocks block NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 15 blockchain blockchain NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 17 earn earn VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 18 rewards reward NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 19 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 21 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 24 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 26 computational computational JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 27 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 29 invest invest VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 32 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 33 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 34 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 39 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 1 Investments investment NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 4 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 7 storage storage NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 9 stake stake NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 11 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 12 cryptocurrency cryptocurrency NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 14 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 18 impose impose VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 19 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 20 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 40 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 1 Personhood personhood NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 2 validation[edit validation[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 6 alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 8 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 9 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 11 attempts attempt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 13 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 15 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 19 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 21 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 23 allocation allocation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 24 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 27 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 28 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 29 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 30 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 31 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 32 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 33 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 34 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 35 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 38 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 40 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 41 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 42 - - , en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 43 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 45 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 47 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 48 unidentified unidentified JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 49 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 50 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 51 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 52 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 53 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 55 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 56 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 58 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 59 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 61 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 62 pseudonym pseudonym JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 63 party[15 party[15 NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 64 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 65 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 66 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 67 enforce enforce VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 68 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 69 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 70 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 71 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 73 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 74 correspondence correspondence NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 75 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 76 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 77 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 79 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 80 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 81 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 82 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 41 83 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 2 proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 4 personhood personhood NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 5 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 8 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 11 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 13 permissionless permissionless NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 14 blockchains blockchain NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 16 cryptocurrencies cryptocurrencie NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 19 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 20 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 21 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 22 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 23 wield wield VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 24 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 25 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 26 vote vote NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 28 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 42 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 2 16][17 16][17 LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 5 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 7 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 9 proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 11 personhood personhood NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 14 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 18 deployed deploy VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 19 implementations implementation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 21 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 22 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 23 usability usability NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 25 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 26 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 27 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 43 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 4 Application application NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 6 specific specific NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 7 defenses[edit defenses[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 12 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 13 protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 15 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 16 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 18 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 19 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 20 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 22 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 44 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 1 SumUp[19 sumup[19 LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 4 DSybil[20 DSybil[20 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 7 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 9 resistant resistant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 10 algorithms algorithm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 12 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 13 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 14 recommendation recommendation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 16 voting voting NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 45 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 1 Whānau Whānau NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 4 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 6 resistant resistant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 7 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 8 hash hash NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 9 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 10 algorithm algorithm NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 46 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 4 I2P I2P NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 6 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 8 Kademlia Kademlia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 11 provisions provision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 13 mitigate mitigate VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 14 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 15 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 47 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 5 also[edit also[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 7 Astroturfing Astroturfing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 8 Ballot Ballot NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 9 stuffing stuff VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 10 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 11 bot bot NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 12 Sockpuppetry Sockpuppetry NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 13 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 15 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 16 Lynn Lynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 17 Neary Neary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 19 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 20 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 21 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 48 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 1 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 2 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 3 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 4 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 5 Admits admit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 6 Multiple Multiple NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 7 Personalities personality NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 8 Were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 9 Fake fake JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 49 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 50 1 NPR NPR NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 50 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 51 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 51 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 51 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 51 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 51 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 2 Douceur Douceur NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 5 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 52 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 53 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 53 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 53 3 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 53 4 Attack Attack NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 53 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 53 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 54 1 Peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 54 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 54 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 54 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 54 5 Peer Peer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 54 6 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 54 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 55 1 Lecture Lecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 55 2 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 55 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 55 4 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 55 5 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 55 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 56 1 2429 2429 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 56 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 56 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 56 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 57 1 251–60 251–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 57 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 58 1 doi:10.1007/3 doi:10.1007/3 : en-wikipedia-org-9073 58 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 58 3 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 58 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 58 5 45748 45748 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 58 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 58 7 8_24 8_24 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 58 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 7 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 9 44179 44179 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 59 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 60 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 60 2 Oram Oram NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 60 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 60 4 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 60 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 1 Peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 5 peer peer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 7 harnessing harness VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 9 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 12 disruptive disruptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 13 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 61 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 2 Trifa Trifa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 4 Zied Zied NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 6 Khemakhem Khemakhem NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 8 Maher Maher NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 10 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 62 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 2 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 3 Nodes node NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 6 Mitigation Mitigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 7 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 8 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 9 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 10 Attack Attack NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 63 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 64 1 Procedia Procedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 64 2 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 64 3 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 64 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 65 1 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 65 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 65 3 1135–40 1135–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 65 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 66 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 66 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 66 3 j.procs.2014.05.544 j.procs.2014.05.544 NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 66 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 2 Wang Wang NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 4 Liang Liang NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 6 Kangasharju Kangasharju NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 8 Jussi Jussi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 10 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 67 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 2 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 4 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 5 sybil sybil NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 6 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 8 BitTorrent BitTorrent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 9 mainline mainline NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 10 DHT DHT NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 68 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 2 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 3 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 4 Communications Communications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 5 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 7 GLOBECOM GLOBECOM NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 69 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 70 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 70 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 71 1 826–32 826–32 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 71 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 72 1 doi:10.1109 doi:10.1109 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 72 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 72 3 GLOCOM.2012.6503215 GLOCOM.2012.6503215 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 72 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 7 4673 4673 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 9 0921 0921 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 73 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 2 Wang Wang NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 4 Liang Liang NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 6 Kangasharju Kangasharju NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 8 Jussi Jussi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 10 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 74 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 2 Measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 3 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 5 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 6 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 7 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 9 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 11 BitTorrent BitTorrent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 12 Mainline Mainline NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 13 DHT DHT NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 75 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 76 1 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 76 2 P2P p2p NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 76 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 76 4 Proceedings Proceedings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 76 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 77 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 77 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 78 1 1–10 1–10 LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 78 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 79 1 doi:10.1109 doi:10.1109 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 79 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 79 3 P2P.2013.6688697 P2P.2013.6688697 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 79 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 7 4799 4799 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 9 0515 0515 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 80 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 81 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 81 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 81 3 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 81 4 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 81 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 81 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 81 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 1 Tor Tor VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 2 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 3 advisory advisory NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 6 relay relay VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 9 traffic traffic NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 10 confirmation confirmation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 11 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 82 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 2 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 3 Goodin Goodin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 5 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 6 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 83 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 1 Active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 2 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 4 Tor Tor NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 5 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 6 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 8 decloak decloak VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 9 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 12 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 84 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 3 Maheswaran Maheswaran NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 5 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 6 Jackowitz Jackowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 8 Ennan Ennan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 9 Zhai Zhai NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 11 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 12 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 13 Wolinsky Wolinsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 16 Bryan Bryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 17 Ford Ford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 19 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 20 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 21 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 85 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 1 Building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 2 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 4 Preserving Preserving NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 5 Cryptographic Cryptographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 6 Credentials Credentials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 8 Federated Federated NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 9 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 10 Identities Identities NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 86 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 1 6th 6th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 2 ACM ACM NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 3 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 5 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 7 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 8 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 10 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 12 CODASPY).CS1 CODASPY).CS1 NFP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 13 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 15 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 16 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 17 parameter parameter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 19 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 21 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 22 Yu Yu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 24 Haifeng Haifeng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 26 Kaminsky Kaminsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 28 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 30 Gibbons Gibbons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 32 Phillip Phillip NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 33 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 35 Flaxman Flaxman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 37 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 39 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 87 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 1 SybilGuard SybilGuard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 3 defending defend VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 4 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 5 sybil sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 6 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 7 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 8 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 9 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 88 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 1 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 2 conference conference NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 4 Applications Applications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 6 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 8 architectures architecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 11 protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 13 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 14 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 15 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 16 SIGCOMM SIGCOMM NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 17 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 18 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 89 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 90 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 90 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 91 1 267–78 267–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 91 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 92 1 doi:10.1145/1159913.1159945 doi:10.1145/1159913.1159945 XX en-wikipedia-org-9073 92 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 7 59593 59593 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 9 308 308 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 93 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 2 SybilLimit SybilLimit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 5 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 7 Optimal Optimal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 8 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 9 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 10 Defense Defense NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 11 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 12 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 13 Attacks Attacks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 94 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 95 1 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 95 2 Symposium Symposium NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 95 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 95 4 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 95 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 95 6 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 95 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 96 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 96 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 96 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 96 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 97 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 97 2 O'Whielacronx O'Whielacronx NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 97 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 97 4 Zooko Zooko NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 97 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 2 Levien Levien NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 4 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 6 resistant resistant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 7 trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 8 metric metric NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 98 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 99 1 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-9073 99 2 p2p p2p NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 99 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 99 4 hackers hacker NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 99 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 99 6 lists.zooko.com lists.zooko.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 99 7 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-9073 99 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 100 1 gmane.org gmane.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 100 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 101 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 101 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 101 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 101 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 101 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 1 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 2 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 4 discouraged discourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 5 parameter parameter NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 7 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 9 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 10 Kurve Kurve NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 12 Aditya Aditya NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 14 Kesidis Kesidis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 16 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 18 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 102 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 2 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 3 Detection Detection NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 4 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 5 Distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 6 Sparse Sparse NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 7 Cut Cut NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 8 Monitoring Monitoring NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 103 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 1 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 2 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 3 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 4 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 6 Communications Communications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 8 ICC ICC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 104 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 105 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 105 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 106 1 1–6 1–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 106 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 107 1 doi:10.1109 doi:10.1109 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 107 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 107 3 icc.2011.5963402 icc.2011.5963402 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 107 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 7 61284 61284 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 9 232 232 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 108 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 2 Bimal Bimal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 3 Viswanath Viswanath NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 5 Ansley Ansley NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 6 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 8 Krishna Krishna NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 9 Phani Phani NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 10 Gummadi Gummadi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 13 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 14 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 15 Mislove Mislove NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 17 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 18 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 109 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 5 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 6 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 8 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 9 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 10 defenses defense VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 110 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 111 1 ACM ACM NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 111 2 SIGCOMM SIGCOMM NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 111 3 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 111 4 Communication Communication NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 111 5 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 111 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 1 doi:10.1145/1851275.1851226.CS1 doi:10.1145/1851275.1851226.CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 2 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 4 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 5 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 6 parameter parameter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 8 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 10 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 11 Ford Ford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 13 Bryan Bryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 15 Strauss Strauss NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 17 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 19 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 21 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 112 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 113 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 113 2 Offline Offline NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 113 3 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 113 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 113 5 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 113 6 Accountable Accountable NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 113 7 Pseudonyms Pseudonyms NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 113 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 1 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 2 Workshop Workshop NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 5 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 6 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 8 SocialNets SocialNets NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 9 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 10 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 114 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 115 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 115 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 116 1 31–6 31–6 IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 116 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 117 1 doi:10.1145/1435497.1435503 doi:10.1145/1435497.1435503 XX en-wikipedia-org-9073 117 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 7 60558 60558 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 9 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 118 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 2 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 3 Borge Borge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 5 Eleftherios Eleftherios NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 6 Kokoris Kokoris NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 8 Kogias Kogias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 10 Philipp Philipp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 11 Jovanovic Jovanovic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 13 Linus Linus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 14 Gasser Gasser NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 16 Nicolas Nicolas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 17 Gailly Gailly NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 19 Bryan Bryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 20 Ford Ford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 22 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 23 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 24 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 119 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 1 Proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 5 Personhood personhood NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 7 Redemocratizing redemocratize VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 8 Permissionless Permissionless NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 9 Cryptocurrencies cryptocurrencie NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 120 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 1 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 2 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 4 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 7 Blockchain Blockchain NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 9 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 10 S&B).CS1 S&B).CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 11 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 13 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 14 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 15 parameter parameter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 17 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 20 Ford Ford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 22 Bryan Bryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 24 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 25 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 121 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 122 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 122 2 Technologizing technologize VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 122 3 Democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 122 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 122 5 Democratizing democratizing NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 122 6 Technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 122 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 2 Layered Layered NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 4 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 5 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 7 Potentials Potentials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 9 Challenges Challenges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 123 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 2 Lucy Lucy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 3 Bernholz Bernholz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 5 Hélène Hélène NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 6 Landemore Landemore NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 8 Rob Rob NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 9 Reich Reich NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 124 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 125 1 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 125 2 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 125 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 125 4 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 125 5 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 125 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 126 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 126 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 126 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 126 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 126 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 127 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 127 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 127 3 9780226748573 9780226748573 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 127 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 2 Divya Divya NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 3 Siddarth Siddarth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 5 Sergey Sergey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 6 Ivliev Ivliev NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 8 Santiago Santiago NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 9 Siri Siri NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 11 Paula Paula NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 12 Berman Berman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 14 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 15 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 16 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 128 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 129 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 129 2 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9073 129 3 Watches watch VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 129 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 129 5 Watchmen Watchmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 129 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 4 Subjective Subjective NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 5 Approaches Approaches NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 7 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 9 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 11 Proof Proof NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 13 Personhood Personhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 14 Protocols Protocols NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 130 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 1 arXiv:2008.05300.CS1 arXiv:2008.05300.CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 2 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 4 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 5 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 6 parameter parameter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 8 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 10 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 11 Nguyen Nguyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 12 Tran Tran NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 14 Bonan Bonan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 15 Min Min NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 17 Jinyang Jinyang NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 18 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 21 Lakshminarayanan Lakshminarayanan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 22 Subramanian Subramanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 24 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 25 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 26 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 131 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 1 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 3 Resilient Resilient NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 4 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 5 Content Content NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 6 Voting Voting NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 132 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 1 NSDI NSDI NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 2 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 3 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 5 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 6 USENIX USENIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 7 Symposium Symposium NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 9 Networked Networked NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 10 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 11 Design Design NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 13 Implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 15 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 16 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 18 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 19 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 20 parameter parameter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 22 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 24 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 25 Haifeng Haifeng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 26 Yu Yu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 28 Chenwei Chenwei NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 29 Shi Shi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 31 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 32 Kaminsky Kaminsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 34 Phillip Phillip NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 35 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 36 Gibbons Gibbons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 39 Feng Feng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 40 Xiao Xiao NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 42 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 43 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 44 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 133 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 1 DSybil DSybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 3 Optimal Optimal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 4 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 6 Resistance Resistance NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 8 Recommendation Recommendation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 9 Systems Systems NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 134 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 1 30th 30th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 2 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 3 Symposium Symposium NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 5 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 7 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 9 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 10 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 12 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 13 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 14 parameter parameter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 16 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 19 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 20 Lesniewski Lesniewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 22 Laas Laas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 24 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 25 Frans Frans NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 26 Kaashoek Kaashoek NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 28 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 29 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 30 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 135 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 1 Whānau whānau NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 4 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 6 proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 7 Distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 8 Hash Hash NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 9 Table Table NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 136 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 1 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 2 USENIX USENIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 3 Symposium Symposium NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 5 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 6 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 7 Design Design NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 9 Implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 11 NSDI).CS1 NSDI).CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 12 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 14 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 15 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 16 parameter parameter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 18 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 20 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 23 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 24 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 26 I2P I2P NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 137 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 1 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 4 Querci Querci NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 6 Daniele Daniele NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 8 Hailes Hailes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 10 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 12 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 138 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 2 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 3 Attacks Attacks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 4 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 5 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 6 Users Users NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 8 Friends Friends NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 10 Foes Foes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 13 Rescue Rescue NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 139 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 140 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 140 2 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 140 3 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 140 4 INFOCOM INFOCOM NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 140 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 141 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 141 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 142 1 1–5 1–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 142 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 143 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 143 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 143 3 10.1.1.360.8730 10.1.1.360.8730 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 143 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 143 5 doi:10.1109 doi:10.1109 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 143 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 143 7 INFCOM.2010.5462218 INFCOM.2010.5462218 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 143 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 7 4244 4244 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 9 5836 5836 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 144 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 1 Bazzi Bazzi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 3 Rida Rida NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 4 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 6 Konjevod Konjevod NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 8 Goran Goran NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 145 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 4 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 6 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 7 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 9 overlay overlay NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 10 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 146 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 147 1 Distributed Distributed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 147 2 Computing Computing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 147 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 148 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 148 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 148 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 148 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 148 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 148 6 267–87 267–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 148 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 149 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 149 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 149 3 s00446 s00446 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 149 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 149 5 006 006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 149 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 149 7 0012-y 0012-y NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 149 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 1 Lesniewski Lesniewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 3 Laas Laas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 5 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 150 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 3 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 5 proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 8 hop hop NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 9 DHT DHT NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 151 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 4 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 5 workshop workshop NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 7 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 8 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 9 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 11 SocialNets SocialNets NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 12 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 13 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 152 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 153 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 153 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 154 1 19–24 19–24 LS en-wikipedia-org-9073 154 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 155 1 doi:10.1145/1435497.1435501 doi:10.1145/1435497.1435501 ADD en-wikipedia-org-9073 155 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 7 60558 60558 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 9 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 156 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 1 Newsome Newsome NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 3 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 5 Shi Shi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 7 Elaine Elaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 9 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 11 Dawn Dawn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 13 Perrig Perrig NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 15 Adrian Adrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 17 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 157 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 3 sybil sybil NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 4 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 6 sensor sensor NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 7 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 158 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 4 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 5 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 6 symposium symposium NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 8 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 9 processing processing NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 11 sensor sensor NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 12 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 13 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 14 IPSN'04 IPSN'04 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 159 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 160 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 160 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 161 1 259–68 259–68 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 161 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 162 1 doi:10.1145/984622.984660 doi:10.1145/984622.984660 XX en-wikipedia-org-9073 162 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 163 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 163 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 163 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 163 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 163 5 1581138467 1581138467 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 163 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 2 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 4 Solutions Solutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 7 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 8 Attack Attack NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 9 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 10 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 11 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 13 Sybil sybil NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 14 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 16 Reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 17 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 18 Seigneur seigneur NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 20 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 22 Marc Marc NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 24 Gray Gray NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 26 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 28 Jensen Jensen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 30 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 31 Damsgaard Damsgaard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 33 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 164 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 2 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 3 Transfer Transfer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 5 Encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 6 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 8 recommendations recommendation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 9 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 10 Sybil Sybil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 11 Attack Attack NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 165 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 166 1 Trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 166 2 Management Management NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 166 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 167 1 Lecture Lecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 167 2 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 167 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 167 4 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 167 5 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 167 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 168 1 3477 3477 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 168 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 168 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 168 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 169 1 321–37 321–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 169 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 170 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 170 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 170 3 10.1.1.391.5003 10.1.1.391.5003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 170 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 170 5 doi:10.1007/11429760_22 doi:10.1007/11429760_22 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 170 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 7 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 9 26042 26042 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 171 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 2 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 4 DHT DHT NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 5 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 6 Techniques Techniques NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 8 Guido Guido NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 9 Urdaneta Urdaneta NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 11 Guillaume Guillaume NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 12 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 14 Maarten Maarten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 15 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 16 Steen Steen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 172 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 173 1 ACM ACM NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 173 2 Computing Computing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 173 3 surveys survey NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 173 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 173 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 173 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 2 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 5 weakness weakness NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 7 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 8 algorithms algorithm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 11 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 12 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 13 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 16 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 18 Naymz Naymz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 20 Marco Marco NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 21 Lazzari Lazzari NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 174 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 4 IADIS IADIS NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 5 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 6 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 7 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 8 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 9 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 10 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 175 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sybil_attack&oldid=1000481849 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sybil_attack&oldid=1000481849 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 6 Categories Categories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 8 Computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 9 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 10 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 11 Reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 12 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 13 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 14 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 16 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 17 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 19 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 20 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 21 parameter parameter VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 22 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 23 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 25 discouraged discourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 26 parameter parameter NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 27 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 29 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 30 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 31 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 32 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 33 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 34 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 35 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 36 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 37 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 38 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 39 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 40 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 41 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 42 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 43 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 44 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 45 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 46 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 47 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 48 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 49 dmy dmy NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 50 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 51 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 52 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 53 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 54 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 55 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 56 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 57 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 58 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 59 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 61 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 62 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 63 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 64 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 65 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 66 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 67 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 68 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 69 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 70 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 71 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 72 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 73 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 74 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 75 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 76 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 77 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 78 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 79 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 80 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 81 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 82 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 83 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 84 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 85 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 86 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 87 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 88 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 89 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 90 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 91 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 92 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 93 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 94 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 95 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 96 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 97 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 98 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 99 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 100 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 101 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 102 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 103 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 104 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 105 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 106 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 107 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 108 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 109 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 110 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 111 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 112 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 113 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 114 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 115 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 116 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 117 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 118 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 119 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 120 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 121 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 122 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 123 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 124 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 125 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 126 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 127 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 128 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 129 Languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 130 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 131 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 132 فارسی فارسی VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 133 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 134 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 135 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 136 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 137 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 138 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 139 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 140 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 141 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 142 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 143 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 144 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 145 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 146 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 147 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 148 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 149 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 150 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 151 08:15 08:15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 152   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 153 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 154 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 155 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9073 176 156 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-9073 177 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 178 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 179 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9073 180 13 statement statement NN