id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 1 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 3 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 17 Set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 19 subroutine subroutine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 20 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 22 protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 25 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 27 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 28 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 30 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 31 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 32 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 33 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 35 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 36 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 38 disambiguation disambiguation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 1 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 2 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 2 2 Api.php api.php VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 2 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 2 4 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 2 5 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 2 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 6 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 7 Special special NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 9 ApiHelp ApiHelp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 3 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 2 computing computing NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 5 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 6 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 7 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 9 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 13 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 15 defines define VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 16 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 18 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 19 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 20 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 22 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 23 hardware hardware NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 25 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 26 intermediaries intermediary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 4 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 5 defines define VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 7 kinds kind NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 9 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 11 requests request NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 15 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 17 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 19 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 23 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 24 formats format NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 26 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 28 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 31 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 33 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 35 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 5 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 4 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 5 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 7 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 9 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 11 extend extend VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 12 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 13 functionality functionality NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 15 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 16 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 19 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 20 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 6 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 5 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 8 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 9 custom custom JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 11 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 14 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 17 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 18 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 21 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 23 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 25 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 26 interoperability interoperability NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 7 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 1 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 2 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 3 hiding hiding NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 5 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 6 enable enable VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 7 modular modular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 8 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 10 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 11 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 13 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 15 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 16 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 19 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 8 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 1 Reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 3 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 6 currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 9 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 13 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 9 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 9 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 12 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 13 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 15 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 16 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 17 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 20 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 21 hardware hardware NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 10 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 1 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 2 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 5 1940s 1940 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 7 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 9 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 11 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 13 emerge emerge VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 14 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 16 1960s 1960 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 18 70s 70 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 11 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 3 Purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 10 Usage Usage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 11 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 12 Libraries Libraries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 14 frameworks framework VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 15 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 16 Operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 17 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 18 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 19 Remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 20 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 21 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 22 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 23 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 24 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 25 Design design NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 26 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 27 Release Release NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 28 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 29 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 30 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 31 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 32 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 33 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 34 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 35 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 36 Dispute Dispute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 37 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 38 copyright copyright NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 39 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 41 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 42 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 43 Examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 44 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 45 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 46 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 47 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 48 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 49 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 50 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 51 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 52 Purpose[edit purpose[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 54 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 55 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 56 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 58 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 59 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 61 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 62 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 63 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 65 simplifies simplifie NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 66 programming program VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 67 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 68 abstracting abstract VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 70 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 71 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 72 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 73 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 74 exposing expose VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 75 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 76 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 77 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 79 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 80 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 12 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 3 graphical graphical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 4 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 7 email email NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 8 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 9 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 10 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 12 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 15 button button NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 17 performs perform VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 18 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 20 steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 22 fetching fetch VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 24 highlighting highlight VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 25 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 26 emails email NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 29 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 31 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 32 input input NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 33 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 34 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 35 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 36 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 38 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 40 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 41 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 42 copies copy VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 44 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 45 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 46 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 47 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 49 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 50 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 51 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 52 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 54 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 55 understand understand VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 57 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 58 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 59 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 60 occurring occur VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 61 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 63 scenes scene NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 13 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 7 term[edit term[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 10 diagram diagram NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 12 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 13 proposing propose VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 15 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 18 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 21 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 23 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 25 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 26 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 27 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 29 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 30 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 31 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 32 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 14 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 2 5 5 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 5 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 9 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 11 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 12 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 14 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 15 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 2 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 3 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 5 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 8 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 10 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 12 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 13 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 17 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 18 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 16 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 2 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 4 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 5 reflected reflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 8 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 10 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 11 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 12 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 17 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 4 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 7 broader broad JJR en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 11 utility utility NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 12 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 14 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 15 hardware hardware NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 16 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 18 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 5 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 10 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 11 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 14 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 19 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 1 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 2 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 3 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 4 Wilkes Wilkes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 6 Wheeler Wheeler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 7 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 9 modular modular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 10 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 11 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 14 1940s 1940 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 17 EDSAC EDSAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 18 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 20 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 2 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 4 Preparation Preparation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 6 Programs Programs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 9 Electronic Electronic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 10 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 11 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 12 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 14 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 15 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 16 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 17 specification specification NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 21 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 1 Joshua Joshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 2 Bloch Bloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 3 claims claim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 5 Wilkes Wilkes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 7 Wheeler Wheeler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 9 latently latently RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 10 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 15 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 18 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 21 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 24 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 25 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 26 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 22 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 6 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 8 coined coin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 11 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 13 implementing implement VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 14 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 17 Univac Univac NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 18 1108 1108 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 21 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 24 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 27 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 28 hardware hardware NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 29 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 30 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 31 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 23 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 7 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 8 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 9 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 12 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 14 -ing -ing HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 15 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 18 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 19 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 22 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 23 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 24 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 25 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 27 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 29 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 30 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 31 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 32 presented present VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 35 AFIPS AFIPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 36 conference conference NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 38 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 24 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 2 8][6 8][6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 5 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 8 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 9 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 11 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 13 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 15 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 18 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 21 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 22 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 25 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 26 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 29 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 32 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 33 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 25 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 2 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 3 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 4 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 6 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 8 Fortran fortran JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 9 subroutine subroutine NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 10 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 13 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 15 free free VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 17 programmer programmer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 19 dealing deal VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 21 idiosyncrasies idiosyncrasy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 24 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 25 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 26 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 30 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 31 hardware hardware NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 32 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 33 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 35 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 38 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 40 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 26 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 7 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 10 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 12 databases database NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 14 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 27 15 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 1 Date[9 date[9 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 6 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 9 Relational Relational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 11 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 12 Approaches Approaches NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 14 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 17 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 18 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 19 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 28 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 8 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 10 ANSI ANSI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 12 SPARC SPARC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 13 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 15 database database NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 16 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 17 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 29 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 2 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 3 treated treat VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 5 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 6 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 7 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 8 separately separately RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 11 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 16 query query NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 17 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 30 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 1 Database database NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 2 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 5 1970s 1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 6 observed observe VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 8 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 9 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 10 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 12 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 15 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 16 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 17 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 18 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 19 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 20 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 23 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 25 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 31 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 2 5 5 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 5 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 6 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 10 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 12 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 14 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 17 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 18 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 19 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 32 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 2 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 7 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 8 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 12 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 14 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 18 programmer programmer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 20 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 21 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 22 tasks task NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 25 technologist technologist NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 26 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 27 Malamud Malamud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 33 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 5 conception conception NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 10 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 11 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 14 dawn dawn NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 16 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 17 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 34 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 1 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 2 Fielding Fielding NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 4 dissertation dissertation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 5 Architectural Architectural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 6 Styles Styles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 9 Design Design NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 11 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 13 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 14 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 15 Architectures Architectures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 17 UC UC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 18 Irvine Irvine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 20 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 21 outlined outlined JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 22 Representational representational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 24 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 26 REST rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 29 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 31 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 35 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 37 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 38 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 39 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 40 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 43 Fielding fielding NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 44 contrasted contrast VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 46 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 47 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 48 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 50 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 52 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 35 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 4 XML xml NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 6 JSON JSON NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 7 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 9 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 10 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 11 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 12 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 13 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 15 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 17 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 20 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 36 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 2 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 3 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 5 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 8 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 9 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 12 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 13 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 37 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 8 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 11 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 12 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 15 overlap overlap NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 17 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 20 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 21 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 22 protocol protocol NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 24 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 25 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 26 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 38 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 2 Semantic Semantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 3 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 4 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 6 Tim Tim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 7 Berners Berners NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 9 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 11 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 12 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 14 semantic semantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 15 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 18 recast recast VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 20 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 23 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 25 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 26 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 27 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 28 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 29 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 31 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 32 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 33 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 39 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 4 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 6 proprietary proprietary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 7 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 9 agents agent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 10 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 12 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 40 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 1 Usage[edit usage[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 3 Libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 5 frameworks[edit frameworks[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 8 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 11 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 12 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 15 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 17 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 41 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 2 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 3 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 5 prescribes prescribe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 8 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 9 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 13 specification specification NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 17 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 21 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 22 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 26 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 28 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 42 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 2 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 6 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 7 implementations implementation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 10 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 12 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 13 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 19 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 20 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 22 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 24 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 25 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 26 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 43 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 2 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 5 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 8 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 10 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 11 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 17 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 19 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 20 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 22 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 44 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 4 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 5 Scala Scala NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 7 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 8 compile compile NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 10 compatible compatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 11 bytecode bytecode NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 13 Scala Scala NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 14 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 16 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 17 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 19 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 20 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 21 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 45 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 5 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 7 vary vary VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 8 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 11 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 13 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 15 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 46 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 2 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 5 procedural procedural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 9 Lua Lua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 10 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 11 consist consist VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 12 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 14 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 15 routines routine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 17 execute execute VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 18 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 20 manipulate manipulate NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 21 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 23 handle handle VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 24 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 27 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 30 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 32 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 33 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 35 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 37 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 39 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 40 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 42 specification specification NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 44 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 46 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 47 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 48 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 47 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 2 15][16 15][16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 4 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 5 bindings binding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 48 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 2 mapping map VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 4 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 6 capabilities capability NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 12 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 13 implemented implement VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 15 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 20 binding bind VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 21 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 23 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 25 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 26 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 28 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 32 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 33 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 34 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 36 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 37 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 49 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 4 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 7 SWIG SWIG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 9 F2PY F2PY NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 12 Fortran Fortran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 16 Python Python NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 17 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 18 generator generator NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 20 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 22 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 25 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 50 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 5 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 9 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 12 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 13 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 16 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 19 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 21 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 22 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 23 implementing implement VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 24 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 25 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 28 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 30 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 31 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 34 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 37 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 40 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 41 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 42 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 44 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 46 mediated mediate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 48 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 49 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 50 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 51 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 52 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 53 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 54 plugged plug VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 55 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 57 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 58 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 51 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 4 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 5 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 6 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 8 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 11 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 14 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 17 caller caller NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 21 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 23 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 25 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 27 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 30 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 31 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 52 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 2 19][20 19][20 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 4 Operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 5 systems[edit systems[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 8 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 10 specify specify VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 12 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 15 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 18 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 19 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 53 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 4 POSIX posix NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 9 specifies specify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 11 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 14 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 16 aim aim VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 18 enable enable VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 20 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 21 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 24 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 25 conformant conformant NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 26 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 27 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 30 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 32 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 33 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 34 conformant conformant NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 35 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 36 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 54 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 1 Linux Linux NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 3 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 4 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 5 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 7 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 9 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 10 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 12 implement implement VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 14 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 15 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 55 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 4 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 6 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 8 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 9 commitment commitment NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 12 backward backward JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 14 compatible compatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 15 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 17 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 18 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 20 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 21 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 23 Win32 Win32 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 25 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 27 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 28 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 29 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 30 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 31 run run VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 33 newer new JJR en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 34 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 36 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 37 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 38 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 39 executable executable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 41 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 42 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 43 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 44 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 45 Compatibility Compatibility NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 46 Mode Mode NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 56 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 6 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 9 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 10 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 11 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 13 ABI ABI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 18 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 20 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 21 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 22 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 23 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 25 ABI ABI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 27 binary binary NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 28 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 57 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 4 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 5 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 6 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 7 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 9 Linux Linux NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 10 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 11 Base Base NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 12 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 14 ABI abi NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 58 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 2 24][25 24][25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 4 Remote Remote NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 5 APIs[edit apis[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 7 Remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 9 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 10 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 12 manipulate manipulate VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 13 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 14 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 15 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 16 protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 18 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 19 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 21 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 23 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 24 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 25 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 27 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 28 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 30 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 32 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 34 platform platform NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 59 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 5 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 6 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 7 Connectivity Connectivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 9 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 10 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 12 query query VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 14 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 15 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 17 databases database NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 20 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 21 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 23 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 27 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 28 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 29 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 30 invocation invocation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 31 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 32 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 34 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 35 Remote Remote NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 36 Method Method NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 37 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 39 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 40 invocation invocation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 42 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 43 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 44 operate operate VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 45 remotely remotely RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 47 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 48 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 49 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 52 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 60 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 2 26][27 26][27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 4 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 6 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 9 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 11 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 13 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 14 abstraction abstraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 16 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 18 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 19 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 22 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 23 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 25 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 26 locally locally RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 29 proxy proxy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 30 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 32 invokes invoke VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 34 corresponding corresponding JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 35 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 38 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 39 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 41 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 43 remoting remote VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 44 protocol protocol NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 47 acquires acquire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 49 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 51 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 52 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 53 locally locally RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 54 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 55 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 56 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 57 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 61 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 2 modification modification NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 5 proxy proxy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 6 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 7 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 9 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 12 corresponding corresponding JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 13 modification modification NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 16 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 17 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 62 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 4 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 5 APIs[edit apis[edit XX en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 10 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 11 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 12 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 13 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 16 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 17 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 18 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 20 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 21 happen happen VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 24 enterprise enterprise NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 26 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 28 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 30 assets asset NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 33 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 36 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 37 Level Level NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 38 Agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 40 SLA SLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 43 specify specify VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 45 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 46 provider provider NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 48 expose expose VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 50 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 51 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 52 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 53 URL url NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 54 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 55 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 56 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 57 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 63 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 2 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 3 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 6 architectural architectural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 7 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 9 revolves revolve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 10 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 11 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 13 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 14 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 17 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 19 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 21 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 22 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 23 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 24 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 25 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 27 consumers consumer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 64 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 8 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 10 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 11 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 14 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 16 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 17 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 20 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 22 specifications specification NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 26 Hypertext Hypertext NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 27 Transfer Transfer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 28 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 30 HTTP HTTP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 32 request request NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 33 messages message NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 35 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 38 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 41 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 43 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 44 messages message NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 46 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 48 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 49 Extensible Extensible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 50 Markup Markup NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 51 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 53 XML XML NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 55 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 56 JavaScript JavaScript NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 57 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 58 Notation Notation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 60 JSON JSON NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 62 format format NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 65 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 3 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 6 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 7 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 8 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 12 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 15 eCommerce eCommerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 17 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 18 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 20 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 21 ordering order VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 22 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 23 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 25 automatically automatically RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 26 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 27 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 28 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 29 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 31 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 33 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 34 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 35 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 37 enter enter VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 39 shipper shipper NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 41 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 42 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 43 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 45 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 46 database database NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 66 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 3 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 6 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 9 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 10 synonymous synonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 12 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 13 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 16 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 17 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 19 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 21 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 22 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 23 2.0 2.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 26 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 27 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 28 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 30 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 31 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 32 Access Access NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 33 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 35 SOAP SOAP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 37 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 38 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 39 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 41 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 43 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 44 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 46 SOA SOA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 48 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 49 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 50 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 51 representational representational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 52 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 53 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 55 REST rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 57 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 58 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 59 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 61 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 62 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 63 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 64 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 66 ROA ROA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 67 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 4 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 7 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 9 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 12 Semantic Semantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 13 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 14 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 15 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 16 Resource Resource NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 17 Description Description NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 18 Framework Framework NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 20 RDF RDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 24 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 26 promote promote VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 27 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 29 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 30 ontology ontology NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 31 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 32 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 68 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 1 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 2 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 3 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 5 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 7 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 11 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 14 mashups mashup NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 69 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 6 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 7 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 8 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 10 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 11 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 13 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 14 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 15 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 17 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 18 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 19 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 21 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 23 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 25 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 70 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 3 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 5 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 8 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 11 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 12 dynamically dynamically RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 15 posted post VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 17 updated update VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 19 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 20 locations location NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 23 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 71 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 7 Twitter Twitter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 9 REST rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 10 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 11 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 12 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 14 access access VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 15 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 16 Twitter Twitter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 17 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 20 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 21 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 22 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 23 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 25 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 27 interact interact VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 29 Twitter Twitter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 30 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 32 trends trend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 33 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 72 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 4 Design[edit design[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 7 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 12 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 13 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 16 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 73 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 5 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 7 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 8 hiding hiding NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 9 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 11 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 13 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 14 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 16 enabling enable VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 17 modular modular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 18 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 20 hiding hide VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 22 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 23 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 26 modules module NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 27 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 29 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 31 modules module NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 32 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 33 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 34 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 36 complexities complexity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 37 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 39 modules module NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 74 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 7 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 11 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 13 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 16 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 18 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 19 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 20 expect expect VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 75 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 5 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 7 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 8 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 9 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 11 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 12 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 14 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 15 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 21 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 22 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 24 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 76 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 4 Release Release NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 5 policies[edit policies[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 14 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 15 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 16 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 17 integrate integrate VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 77 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 1 Those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 2 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 3 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 5 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 6 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 8 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 10 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 11 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 14 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 15 ecosystem ecosystem NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 78 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 6 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 8 releasing release VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 11 are:[37 are:[37 NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 13 Private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 16 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 19 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 20 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 21 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 22 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 79 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 1 Partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 3 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 4 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 5 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 6 partners partner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 8 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 80 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 4 vehicle vehicle NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 6 hire hire NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 7 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 10 Uber Uber NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 12 Lyft Lyft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 13 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 14 approved approve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 15 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 17 party party NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 18 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 20 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 21 order order VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 22 rides ride NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 24 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 26 apps app NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 81 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 2 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 4 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 6 exercise exercise VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 7 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 8 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 10 curating curate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 12 apps app NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 14 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 17 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 20 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 24 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 25 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 26 stream stream NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 82 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 4 Public public NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 9 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 14 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 83 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 4 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 5 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 7 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 9 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 12 Apple Apple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 13 releases release VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 15 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 16 Cocoa Cocoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 18 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 20 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 23 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 26 platforms platform NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 84 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 1 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 3 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 7 accessible accessible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 9 everybody everybody NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 85 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 4 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 5 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 6 providers provider NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 8 Cloudflare Cloudflare NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 10 Voxility Voxility NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 12 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 13 RESTful restful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 14 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 16 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 17 customers customer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 19 resellers reseller NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 20 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 23 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 24 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 26 DDoS DDoS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 27 stats stat NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 29 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 30 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 32 dashboard dashboard NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 33 controls control NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 86 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 4 Access access NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 9 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 10 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 12 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 14 tokens token NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 15 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 18 customer customer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 19 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 20 validations validation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 87 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 4 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 5 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 6 implications[edit implications[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 10 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 14 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 15 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 19 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 20 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 88 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 1 Changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 8 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 10 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 13 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 14 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 16 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 17 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 18 compatibility compatibility NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 21 clients client NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 23 depend depend VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 25 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 26 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 89 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 5 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 8 publicly publicly RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 9 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 12 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 14 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 16 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 18 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 21 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 24 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 25 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 26 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 28 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 29 explicitly explicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 32 unstable unstable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 90 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 6 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 7 Guava Guava NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 8 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 11 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 14 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 15 unstable unstable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 18 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 19 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 20 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 21 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 24 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 27 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 28 annotation annotation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 29 @Beta @beta NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 91 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 5 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 6 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 8 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 9 declare declare VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 10 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 12 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 14 deprecated deprecated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 16 rescinded rescind VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 92 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 2 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 3 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 5 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 9 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 11 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 13 candidate candidate NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 15 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 16 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 19 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 22 backward backward JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 23 incompatible incompatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 24 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 93 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 4 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 5 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 6 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 8 transition transition VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 9 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 11 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 14 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 16 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 18 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 21 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 24 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 94 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 4 Client client NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 5 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 7 contain contain VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 8 innovative innovative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 10 opportunistic opportunistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 11 usages usage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 15 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 18 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 19 designers designer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 95 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 7 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 10 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 11 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 12 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 14 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 16 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 17 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 18 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 21 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 22 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 27 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 29 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 30 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 96 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 10 Akamai Akamai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 11 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 13 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 14 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 15 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 18 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 19 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 20 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 22 showcasing showcase VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 24 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 25 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 27 cybercriminals cybercriminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 28 targeting target VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 29 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 30 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 31 platforms platform NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 32 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 33 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 34 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 35 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 97 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 3 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 4 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 5 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 6 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 8 Akamai Akamai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 9 witnessed witness VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 10 85.42 85.42 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 11 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 12 credential credential JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 13 violation violation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 14 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 98 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 1 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 3 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 6 16.55 16.55 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 7 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 10 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 11 hostnames hostname NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 12 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 14 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 15 endpoints endpoint NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 99 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 4 473.5 473.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 5 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 7 targeted target VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 8 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 9 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 10 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 11 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 100 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 4 Documentation[edit documentation[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 6 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 7 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 8 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 9 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 10 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 12 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 13 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 15 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 17 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 18 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 19 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 21 aiming aim VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 23 cover cover VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 24 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 26 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 27 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 28 need need VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 30 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 32 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 33 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 101 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 1 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 3 crucial crucial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 6 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 8 maintenance maintenance NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 10 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 11 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 102 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 5 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 7 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 8 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 10 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 11 files file NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 16 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 18 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 19 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 22 blogs blog NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 24 forums forum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 27 Q&A Q&A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 28 websites website NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 103 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 4 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 5 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 6 files file NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 9 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 10 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 12 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 13 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 17 Javadoc Javadoc NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 19 Pydoc Pydoc NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 22 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 24 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 25 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 27 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 104 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 4 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 6 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 7 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 10 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 11 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 15 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 105 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 6 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 8 clarity clarity NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 10 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 11 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 13 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 15 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 17 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 19 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 22 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 24 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 27 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 28 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 29 scenarios scenario NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 31 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 32 snippets snippet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 34 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 35 rationales rationale NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 37 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 38 discussions discussion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 41 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 44 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 45 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 46 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 49 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 50 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 51 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 52 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 53 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 54 omitted omit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 106 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 1 Restrictions restriction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 3 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 5 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 13 covered cover VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 16 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 107 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 4 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 8 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 9 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 10 note note VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 13 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 17 null null JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 21 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 22 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 25 thread thread NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 26 safe,[49 safe,[49 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 28 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 29 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 30 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 31 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 33 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 34 comprehensive comprehensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 36 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 39 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 41 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 43 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 45 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 46 updated update VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 48 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 49 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 51 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 52 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 53 carefully carefully RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 55 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 56 yielding yield VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 57 bugs bug NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 108 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 5 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 8 enriched enrich VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 10 metadata metadata NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 12 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 13 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 14 annotations annotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 109 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 2 metadata metadata NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 8 compiler compiler NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 10 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 15 run run VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 18 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 20 implement implement VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 21 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 22 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 24 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 25 handling handling NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 110 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 6 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 8 generate generate VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 9 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 10 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 13 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 15 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 16 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 111 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 2 observing observe VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 4 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 6 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 8 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 9 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 13 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 15 infer infer VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 17 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 18 usages usage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 21 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 23 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 24 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 26 directives directive NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 112 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 4 Then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 6 templates template NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 11 generate generate VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 12 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 16 mined mine VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 17 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 113 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 1 Dispute dispute VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 2 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 3 copyright copyright NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 4 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 6 APIs[edit APIs[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 11 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 12 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 14 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 15 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 16 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 114 18 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 4 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 5 Corporation Corporation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 6 sued sue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 7 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 9 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 10 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 13 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 15 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 16 embedded embed VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 19 Android Android NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 20 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 21 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 115 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 4 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 7 acquired acquire VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 8 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 9 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 11 reproduce reproduce VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 13 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 14 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 16 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 17 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 20 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 23 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 24 OpenJDK OpenJDK `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 25 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 116 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 1 Judge Judge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 2 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 3 Alsup Alsup NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 4 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 7 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 8 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 9 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 10 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 12 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 16 copyrighted copyright VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 19 U.S U.S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 23 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 25 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 26 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 28 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 29 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 30 copyright copyright NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 31 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 35 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 36 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 38 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 41 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 43 copyrighting copyrighting NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 45 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 46 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 47 commands command NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 48 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 49 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 50 accept accept VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 51 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 52 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 53 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 54 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 55 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 56 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 57 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 58 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 59 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 60 copyright copyright VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 61 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 62 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 64 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 65 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 66 carry carry VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 67 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 68 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 69 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 71 commands command NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 72 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 73 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 74 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 75 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 76 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 77 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 78 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 79 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 80 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 81 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 82 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 83 carry carry VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 84 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 85 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 86 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 87 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 89 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 90 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 91 commands command NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 117 92 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 2 53][54 53][54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 9 Alsup Alsup NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 11 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 13 overturned overturn VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 15 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 18 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 20 Appeals Appeals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 23 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 24 Circuit Circuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 26 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 28 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 30 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 32 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 34 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 35 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 36 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 37 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 38 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 39 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 40 unresolved unresolved JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 118 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 2 55][56 55][56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 7 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 11 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 12 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 15 jury jury NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 16 determined determine VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 18 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 20 reimplementation reimplementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 23 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 24 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 25 constituted constituted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 26 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 27 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 29 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 30 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 31 vowed vow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 33 appeal appeal VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 35 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 119 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 4 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 5 won win VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 8 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 12 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 14 Appeals Appeals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 17 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 18 Circuit Circuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 19 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 21 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 23 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 26 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 27 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 29 qualify qualify VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 31 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 32 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 120 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 7 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 8 appealed appeal VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 11 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 12 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 15 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 16 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 18 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 20 copyrightability copyrightability NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 22 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 23 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 24 rulings ruling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 28 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 29 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 30 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 31 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 121 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 4 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 7 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 8 pandemic pandemic NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 11 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 12 hearings hearing NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 15 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 17 delayed delay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 18 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 19 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 20 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 122 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 4 Examples[edit examples[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 7 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 9 Application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 10 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 11 interfaces interface VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 12 ASPI ASPI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 14 SCSI SCSI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 15 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 16 interfacing interface VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 17 Cocoa Cocoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 19 Carbon Carbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 22 Macintosh Macintosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 23 DirectX DirectX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 25 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 26 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 27 EHLLAPI EHLLAPI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 28 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 29 APIs api VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 30 ODBC ODBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 32 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 33 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 34 OpenAL OpenAL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 35 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 36 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 37 platform platform JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 38 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 39 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 40 OpenCL OpenCL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 41 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 42 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 43 platform platform JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 44 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 46 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 48 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 49 computing computing NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 51 CPUs cpu NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 52 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 53 GPUs GPUs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 54 OpenGL OpenGL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 55 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 56 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 57 platform platform JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 58 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 59 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 60 OpenMP OpenMP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 61 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 62 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 63 supports support VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 64 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 65 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 66 platform platform JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 67 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 68 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 69 multiprocessing multiprocessing NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 70 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 72 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 74 C++ C++ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 76 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 77 Fortran Fortran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 78 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 79 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 80 architectures architecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 82 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 83 Unix Unix NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 84 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 85 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 86 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 87 platforms platform NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 123 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 1 Server Server NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 2 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 3 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 4 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 6 SAPI SAPI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 8 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 9 DirectMedia DirectMedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 10 Layer Layer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 12 SDL SDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 14 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 15 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 17 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 18 testing testing NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 19 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 20 writer writer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 21 Augmented augment VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 22 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 23 Calling call VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 24 convention convention NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 25 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 26 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 27 Request Request NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 28 Broker Broker NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 29 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 31 CORBA CORBA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 33 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 35 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 36 virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 37 machines machine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 38 Document Document NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 39 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 40 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 42 DOM DOM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 44 Double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 46 chance chance NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 47 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 48 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 49 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 50 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 51 Front front NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 53 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 54 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 55 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 57 computing compute VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 59 Interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 60 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 61 document document NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 62 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 64 3D 3d JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 65 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 66 APIs api VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 67 Microservices Microservices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 68 Name name VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 69 mangling mangle VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 70 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 71 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 72 Open Open NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 73 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 74 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 75 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 76 Parsing Parsing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 77 Plugin Plugin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 78 RAML RAML NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 79 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 80 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 82 Software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 83 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 84 kit kit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 85 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 86 SDK SDK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 87 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 88 Web Web VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 89 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 90 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 91 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 92 vendor vendor NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 93 XPCOM xpcom NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 94 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 95 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 96 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 97 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 98 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 99 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 100 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 101 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 102 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 124 103 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 125 1 Hubspire Hubspire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 125 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 126 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 126 2 Fisher Fisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 126 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 126 4 Sharon Sharon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 126 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 126 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 126 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 126 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 2 OS/2 OS/2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 3 EE ee NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 5 Get get VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 6 3270 3270 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 7 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 8 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 127 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 128 1 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 128 2 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 128 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 4 Lane Lane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 6 Kin Kin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 8 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 9 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 11 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 129 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 2 Intro Intro NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 130 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 131 1 Postman Postman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 131 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 132 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 132 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 132 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 132 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 132 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 132 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 2 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 3 hear hear VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 5 acronym acronym NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 6 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 8 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 11 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 12 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 13 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 14 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 15 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 16 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 18 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 21 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 22 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 24 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 26 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 27 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 28 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 32 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 33 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 34 HTTP http JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 36 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 37 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 39 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 40 readable readable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 41 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 44 JSON JSON NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 45 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 46 XML xml NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 47 format format NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 49 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 50 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 51 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 54 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 55 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 56 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 58 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 59 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 60 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 61 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 62 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 63 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 64 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 65 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 66 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 67 computing computing NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 69 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 70 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 71 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 72 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 73 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 74 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 75 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 76 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 78 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 79 2000s 2000s CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 133 80 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 5 3333Clarke 3333clarke CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 7 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 134 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 135 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 135 2 Measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 135 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 135 4 Usability Usability NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 135 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 135 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 136 1 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 136 2 Dobb Dobb NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 136 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 136 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 137 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 137 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 137 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 137 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 137 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 4 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 5 architectures architecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 8 feasibility feasibility NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 9 workshop workshop NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 11 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 138 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 2 D.C. D.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 4 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 5 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 7 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 9 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 10 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 12 Standards Standards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 139 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 140 1 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 140 2 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 140 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 140 4 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 140 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 141 1 45–47 45–47 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 141 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 142 1 hdl:2027 hdl:2027 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 142 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 142 3 mdp.39015077587742 mdp.39015077587742 RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 142 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 143 1 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 143 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 143 3 81600004 81600004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 143 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 144 1 NBS NBS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 144 2 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 144 3 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 144 4 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 144 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 144 6 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 144 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 145 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 145 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 145 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 145 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 145 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 145 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 5 Bloch Bloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 7 Joshua Joshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 9 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 10 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 12 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 146 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 2 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 4 Opinionated opinionated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 10 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 147 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 148 1 QCon QCon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 148 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 149 1 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 149 2 Francisco Francisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 149 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 149 4 InfoQ. InfoQ. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 150 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 150 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 150 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 150 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 150 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 150 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 4 Cotton Cotton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 6 Ira Ira NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 7 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 9 Greatorex Greatorex NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 11 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 12 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 14 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 15 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 151 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 2 Data data NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 3 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 5 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 7 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 8 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 9 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 152 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 1 AFIPS AFIPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 2 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 3 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 5 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 11 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 13 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 15 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 16 Joint Joint NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 17 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 18 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 153 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 154 1 AFIPS afips NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 154 2 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 154 3 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 154 4 Joint Joint NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 154 5 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 154 6 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 154 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 1 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 2 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 3 Francisco Francisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 7 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 9 Computing Computing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 10 Machinery Machinery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 155 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 156 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 156 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 157 1 533–544 533–544 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 157 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 158 1 doi:10.1145/1476589.1476661 doi:10.1145/1476589.1476661 XX en-wikipedia-org-3552 158 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 159 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 159 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 159 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 159 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 159 5 1450378994 1450378994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 159 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 160 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 160 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 160 3 1175621908 1175621908 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 160 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 161 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 161 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 161 3 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 161 4 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 161 5 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 161 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 161 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 5 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 162 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 163 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 163 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 163 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 163 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 2 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 4 participating participate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 5 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 6 membership membership NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 7 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 164 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 165 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 165 2 Date Date NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 165 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 165 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 165 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 166 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 166 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 166 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 166 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 166 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 166 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 166 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 1 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 2 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 3 Codd Codd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 5 Relational Relational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 6 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 9 Detailed Detailed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 10 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 12 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 14 Codd Codd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 16 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 17 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 18 Writings Writings NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 167 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 168 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 168 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 168 3 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 168 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 169 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 169 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 169 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 169 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 169 5 1684705276 1684705276 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 169 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 2 Date Date NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 7 Codd Codd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 9 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 10 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 12 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 13 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 170 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 3 relational relational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 5 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 6 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 8 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 11 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 12 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 13 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 171 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 172 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 172 2 Randall Randall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 172 3 Rustin Rustin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 172 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 172 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 172 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 172 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 172 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 3 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 4 ACM ACM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 6 SIGMOD SIGMOD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 7 Workshop Workshop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 9 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 10 Description Description NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 12 Access Access NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 14 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 173 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 174 1 SIGMOD SIGMOD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 174 2 Workshop Workshop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 174 3 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 174 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 175 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 175 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 1 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 2 Arbor Arbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 4 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 6 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 8 Computing Computing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 9 Machinery Machinery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 176 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 177 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 177 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 178 1 83–113 83–113 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 178 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 179 1 doi:10.1145/800297.811532 doi:10.1145/800297.811532 UH en-wikipedia-org-3552 179 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 180 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 180 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 180 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 180 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 180 5 1450374187 1450374187 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 180 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 181 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 181 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 181 3 1175623233 1175623233 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 181 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 182 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 182 2 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 182 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 182 4 Malamud Malamud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 182 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 182 6 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 182 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 182 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 183 1 Analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 183 2 Novell Novell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 183 3 Networks Networks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 183 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 184 1 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 184 2 Nostrand Nostrand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 184 3 Reinhold Reinhold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 184 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 185 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 185 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 185 3 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 185 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 186 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 186 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 186 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 186 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 186 5 0442003647 0442003647 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 186 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 187 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 187 2 Fielding fielding NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 187 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 187 4 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 187 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 187 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 187 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 187 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 1 Architectural Architectural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 2 Styles Styles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 5 Design Design NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 7 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 10 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 11 Architectures Architectures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 13 PhD phd NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 188 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 189 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 189 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 189 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 189 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 189 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 189 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 2 Dotsika Dotsika NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 4 Fefie Fefie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 6 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 190 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 2 Semantic semantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 3 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 5 Scaling scale VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 6 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 7 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 9 Semantic Semantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 10 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 191 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 192 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 192 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 192 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 192 4 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 192 5 Management Management NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 192 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 193 1 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 193 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 193 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 193 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 193 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 193 6 335–342 335–342 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 193 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 194 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 194 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 194 3 j.ijinfomgt.2009.12.003 j.ijinfomgt.2009.12.003 NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 194 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 2 Odersky Odersky NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 6 Spoon Spoon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 8 Lex Lex NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 10 Venners venner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 12 Bill Bill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 14 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 15 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 16 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 195 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 196 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 196 2 Combining Combining NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 196 3 Scala Scala NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 196 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 196 5 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 196 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 196 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 197 1 www.artima.com www.artima.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3552 197 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 198 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 198 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 198 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 198 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 198 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 3 Figueiredo Figueiredo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 5 Luiz Luiz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 6 Henrique Henrique NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 8 Ierusalimschy Ierusalimschy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 10 Roberto Roberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 12 Filho Filho NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 14 Waldemar Waldemar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 15 Celes Celes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 199 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 3 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 5 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 10 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 11 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 200 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 201 1 TeCGraf TeCGraf NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 201 2 Grupo Grupo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 201 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 201 4 Tecnologia Tecnologia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 201 5 Em Em NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 201 6 Computacao Computacao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 201 7 Grafica Grafica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 201 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 202 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 202 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 202 3 10.1.1.47.5194 10.1.1.47.5194 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 202 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 203 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 203 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 203 3 59833827 59833827 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 203 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 204 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 204 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 204 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 204 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 204 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 2 Sintes Sintes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 4 Tony Tony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 6 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 205 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 2 Just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 3 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 6 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 8 anyway anyway RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 206 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 207 1 JavaWorld JavaWorld NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 207 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 208 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 208 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 208 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 208 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 208 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 208 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 208 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 209 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 209 2 Emery Emery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 209 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 209 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 209 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 2 Standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 6 Interfaces Interfaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 8 Bindings binding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 210 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 211 1 Acm.org Acm.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 211 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 10 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 212 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 213 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 213 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 213 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 213 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 213 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 213 6 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 213 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 214 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 214 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 214 3 F2PY.org F2PY.org VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 214 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 214 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 215 1 F2PY.org F2PY.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 215 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 216 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 216 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 216 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 216 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 216 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 216 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 216 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 217 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 217 2 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 217 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 217 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 217 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 218 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 218 2 Inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 218 3 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 218 4 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 218 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 218 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 219 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 219 2 Fayad Fayad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 219 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 219 4 Mohamed Mohamed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 219 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 220 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 220 2 Object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 220 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 220 4 Oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 220 5 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 220 6 Frameworks Frameworks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 220 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 220 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 221 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 221 2 Lewine Lewine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 221 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 221 4 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 221 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 222 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 222 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 222 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 222 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 223 1 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 223 2 Programmer programmer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 223 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3552 223 4 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 223 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 1 O'Reilly O'Reilly NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 3 Associates Associates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 5 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 224 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 225 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 225 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 225 3 9780937175736 9780937175736 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 225 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 226 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 226 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 226 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 226 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 226 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 2 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 4 Joel Joel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 6 Dedrick Dedrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 8 Jason Jason NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 10 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 227 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 2 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 3 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 4 standardization standardization NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 7 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 9 Linux Linux NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 12 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 13 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 16 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 228 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 229 1 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 229 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 229 3 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 229 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 229 5 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 229 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 230 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 230 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 230 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 230 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 230 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 230 6 88–112 88–112 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 230 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 231 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 231 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 231 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 231 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 231 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 232 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 232 2 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 232 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 232 4 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 232 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 232 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 232 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 233 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 233 2 Support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 233 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 233 4 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 233 5 XP XP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 233 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 233 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 234 1 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 234 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 235 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 235 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 235 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 235 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 10 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 236 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 237 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 237 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 237 3 LSB LSB NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 237 4 Introduction Introduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 237 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 237 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 238 1 Linux Linux NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 238 2 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 238 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 239 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 239 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 239 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 239 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 240 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 240 2 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 240 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 240 4 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 240 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 240 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 240 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 2 Stoughton Stoughton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 4 Nick Nick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 241 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 2 Update update NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 4 Standards Standards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 242 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 243 1 USENIX USENIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 243 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 244 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 244 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 244 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 244 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 244 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 244 6 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 244 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 2 Bierhoff Bierhoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 4 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 245 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 2 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 3 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 4 Compliance Compliance NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 6 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 8 Oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 9 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 246 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 247 1 CMU CMU NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 247 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 247 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 247 4 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 247 5 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 247 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 248 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 248 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 248 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 248 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 248 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 5 Jeff Jeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 8 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 249 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 2 Get get VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 3 smart smart JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 5 proxies proxy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 7 RMI RMI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 250 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 251 1 JavaWorld JavaWorld NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 251 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 252 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 252 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 252 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 252 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 252 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 252 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 252 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 2 Henning Henning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 4 Michi Michi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 6 Vinoski Vinoski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 8 Steve Steve NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 10 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 253 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 254 1 Advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 254 2 CORBA CORBA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 254 3 Programming program VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 254 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 254 5 C++ C++ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 254 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 255 1 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 255 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 255 3 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 255 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 256 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 256 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 256 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 256 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 256 5 0201379273 0201379273 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 256 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 257 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 257 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 257 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 257 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 257 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 5 fication fication NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 9 download download NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 258 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 259 1 www.hcltech.com www.hcltech.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3552 259 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 260 1 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 260 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 260 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 2 Benslimane Benslimane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 4 Djamal Djamal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 6 Schahram Schahram NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 7 Dustdar Dustdar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 9 Amit Amit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 10 Sheth Sheth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 12 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 261 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 2 Services Services NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 3 Mashups Mashups NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 7 Generation Generation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 9 Web Web NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 10 Applications Applications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 262 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 263 1 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 263 2 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 263 3 Computing Computing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 263 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 263 5 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 263 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 264 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 264 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 264 3 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-3552 264 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 265 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 265 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 266 1 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 266 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 266 3 Electrical Electrical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 266 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 266 5 Electronics Electronics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 266 6 Engineers Engineers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 266 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 267 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 267 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 268 1 13–15 13–15 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 268 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 10 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 269 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 270 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 270 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 270 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 270 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 270 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 270 6 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 270 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 2 Niccolai Niccolai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 8 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 10 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 14 So so RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 15 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 16 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 18 Enterprise Enterprise NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 19 Mashup Mashup NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 21 Anyway anyway RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 271 22 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 3 PC pc NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 6 Parr Parr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 8 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 272 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 3 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 6 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 7 Media Media NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 273 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 274 1 Mashable mashable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 274 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 275 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 275 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 275 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 275 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 275 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 276 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 276 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 276 3 GET GET NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 276 4 trends trend NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 276 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 276 6 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 276 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 276 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 277 1 developer.twitter.com developer.twitter.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 277 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 278 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 278 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 278 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 278 4 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 278 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 278 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 278 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 279 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 279 2 Parnas Parnas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 279 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 279 4 D.L. D.L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 280 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 280 2 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 280 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 280 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 4 Criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 5 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 6 Be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 7 Used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 9 Decomposing Decomposing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 10 Systems Systems NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 12 Modules Modules NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 15 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 281 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 282 1 Communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 282 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 282 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 282 4 ACM ACM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 282 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 283 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 283 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 283 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 283 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 283 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 283 6 1053–1058 1053–1058 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 283 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 284 1 doi:10.1145/361598.361623 doi:10.1145/361598.361623 XX en-wikipedia-org-3552 284 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 285 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 285 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 285 3 53856438 53856438 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 285 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 2 Garlan Garlan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 6 Shaw Shaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 8 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 10 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 11 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 286 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 3 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 5 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 6 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 287 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 288 1 Advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 288 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 288 3 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 288 4 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 288 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 288 6 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 288 7 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 288 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 289 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 289 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 290 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 290 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 290 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 290 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 290 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 3 Ternay Ternay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 5 Guerric Guerric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 7 Oct Oct NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 8 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 10 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 291 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 2 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 3 Ecosystem Ecosystem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 5 Creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 7 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 8 Moat Moat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 292 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 293 1 BoostCompanies BoostCompanies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 293 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 294 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 294 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 294 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 294 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 294 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 294 6 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 294 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 2 Boyd Boyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 8 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 10 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 295 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 2 Private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 4 Partner Partner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 6 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 8 Which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 9 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 10 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 11 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 12 Best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 14 Business business NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 15 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 296 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 297 1 ProgrammableWeb ProgrammableWeb NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 297 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 298 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 298 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 298 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 298 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 298 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 2 Weissbrot Weissbrot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 4 Alison Alison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 6 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 299 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 2 Car car NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 3 Service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 5 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 6 Everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 8 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 9 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 10 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 12 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 13 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 14 Partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 15 Apps Apps NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 16 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 300 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 301 1 AdExchanger AdExchanger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 301 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 302 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 302 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 302 3 Cloudflare Cloudflare NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 302 4 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 302 5 v4 v4 NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 302 6 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 302 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 302 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 303 1 cloudflare cloudflare NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 303 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 304 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 304 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 304 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 304 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 305 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 305 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 305 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 305 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 305 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 2 Liew Liew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 4 Zell Zell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 7 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 306 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 2 Car car NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 3 Service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 5 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 6 Everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 8 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 9 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 10 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 12 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 13 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 14 Partner Partner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 15 Apps Apps NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 307 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 308 1 Smashing Smashing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 308 2 Magazine Magazine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 308 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 309 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 309 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 309 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 309 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 309 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 4 Shi Shi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 6 Lin Lin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 8 Zhong Zhong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 10 Hao Hao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 12 Xie Xie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 14 Tao Tao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 16 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 18 Mingshu Mingshu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 20 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 310 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 2 Empirical Empirical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 3 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 5 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 8 Documentation Documentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 311 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 2 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 4 Fundamental Fundamental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 5 Approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 7 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 8 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 312 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 313 1 Lecture Lecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 313 2 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 313 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 313 4 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 313 5 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 313 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 314 1 6603 6603 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 314 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 314 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 314 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 315 1 416–431 416–431 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 315 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 1 doi:10.1007/978 doi:10.1007/978 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 5 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 7 19811 19811 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 9 3_29 3_29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 316 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 7 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 9 19810 19810 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 317 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 318 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 318 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 318 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 318 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 318 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 3 guava guava NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 5 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 6 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 7 Guava guava NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 9 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 10 Core Core NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 11 Libraries Libraries NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 13 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 14 1.6 1.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 15 + + CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 17 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 18 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 19 Hosting host VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 319 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 320 1 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 320 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 320 3 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 320 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 320 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 320 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 321 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 321 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 321 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 321 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 321 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 321 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 321 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 322 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3552 322 2 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 322 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 6 Deprecate deprecate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 323 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 324 1 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 324 2 SE SE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 324 3 Documentation Documentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 324 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 325 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 325 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 325 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 325 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 325 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 2 Mendez Mendez NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 4 Diego Diego NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 6 Baudry Baudry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 8 Benoit Benoit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 10 Monperrus Monperrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 12 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 14 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 326 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 2 Empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 3 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 5 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 7 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 8 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 11 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 13 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 15 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 16 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 327 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 1 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 2 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 3 13th 13th NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 5 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 6 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 8 Source Source NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 9 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 10 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 12 Manipulation Manipulation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 14 SCAM SCAM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 328 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 329 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 329 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 330 1 43–52 43–52 LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 330 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 331 1 arXiv:1307.4062 arXiv:1307.4062 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 331 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 331 3 doi:10.1109 doi:10.1109 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 331 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 331 5 SCAM.2013.6648183 SCAM.2013.6648183 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 331 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 7 4673 4673 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 9 5739 5739 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 332 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 333 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 333 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 333 3 6890739 6890739 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 333 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 2 Takanashi Takanashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 4 Dean Dean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 334 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 2 Akamai Akamai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 4 Cybercriminals cybercriminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 6 attacking attack VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 9 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 10 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 11 firms firm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 335 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 336 1 Venture Venture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 336 2 Beat Beat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 336 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 337 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 337 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 337 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 337 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 337 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 2 Dekel Dekel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 4 Uri Uri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 6 Herbsleb Herbsleb NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 8 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 9 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 11 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 12 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 338 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 2 Improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 4 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 5 Usability Usability NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 7 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 8 Pushing Pushing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 339 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 1 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 3 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 6 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 8 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 9 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 340 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 341 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 341 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 341 3 10.1.1.446.4214 10.1.1.446.4214 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 341 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 2 Parnin Parnin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 4 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 6 Treude Treude NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 8 Cristoph Cristoph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 10 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 342 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 2 Measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 4 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 7 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 343 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 344 1 Web2SE web2se IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 344 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 344 3 25–30 25–30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 344 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 345 1 doi:10.1145/1984701.1984706 doi:10.1145/1984701.1984706 XX en-wikipedia-org-3552 345 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 346 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 346 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 346 3 9781450305952 9781450305952 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 346 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 347 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 347 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 347 3 17751901 17751901 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 347 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 348 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 348 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 348 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 348 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 348 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 2 Maalej Maalej NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 4 Waleed Waleed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 6 Robillard Robillard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 8 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 9 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 11 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 349 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 2 Patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 4 Knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 6 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 7 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 8 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 350 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 351 1 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 351 2 Transactions transaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 351 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 351 4 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 351 5 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 351 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 352 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 352 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 352 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 352 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 352 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 2 Monperrus Monperrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 6 Eichberg Eichberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 8 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 10 Tekes Tekes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 12 Elif Elif NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 14 Mezini Mezini NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 16 Mira Mira NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 18 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 19 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 20 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 353 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 354 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 354 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 354 3 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 354 4 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 354 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 354 6 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 354 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 354 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 2 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 6 directives directive NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 9 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 355 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 356 1 Empirical Empirical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 356 2 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 356 3 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 356 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 357 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 357 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 357 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 357 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 357 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 357 6 703–737 703–737 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 357 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 1 arXiv:1205.6363 arXiv:1205.6363 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 3 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 5 s10664 s10664 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 7 011 011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 9 9186 9186 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 358 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 359 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 359 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 359 3 8174618 8174618 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 359 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 360 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 360 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 360 3 Annotations Annotations NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 360 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 360 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 361 1 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 361 2 Microsystems Microsystems NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 361 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 10 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 362 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 7 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 8 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 9 Bruch Bruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 11 Marcel Marcel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 13 Mezini Mezini NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 15 Mira Mira NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 17 Monperrus Monperrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 19 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 21 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 363 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 2 Mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 3 subclassing subclasse VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 4 directives directive NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 6 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 7 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 8 reuse reuse NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 364 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 2 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 3 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 4 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 5 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 7 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 8 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 9 Repositories Repositories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 11 MSR MSR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 12 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 365 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 366 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 366 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 367 1 141–150 141–150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 367 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 368 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 368 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 368 3 10.1.1.434.15 10.1.1.434.15 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 368 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 368 5 doi:10.1109 doi:10.1109 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 368 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 368 7 msr.2010.5463347 msr.2010.5463347 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 368 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 7 4244 4244 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 9 6802 6802 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 369 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 370 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 370 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 370 3 1026918 1026918 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 370 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 3 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 6 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 8 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 9 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 10 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 11 Know know VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 12 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 371 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 372 1 DrDobbs DrDobbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 372 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 373 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 373 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 373 3 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 373 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 373 5 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 373 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 374 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 374 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 374 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 374 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 374 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 374 6 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 374 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 3 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 4 Ca can MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 5 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 7 Copyrighted Copyrighted NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 8 Says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 9 Judge Judge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 11 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 12 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 375 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 376 1 TGDaily tgdaily RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 376 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 377 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 377 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 377 3 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 377 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 377 5 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 377 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 378 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 378 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 378 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 378 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 378 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 378 6 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 378 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 3 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 6 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 7 vs. vs. IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 8 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 9 Inc Inc NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 379 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 380 1 Wired wire VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 380 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 381 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 381 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 381 3 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 381 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 381 5 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 381 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 382 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 382 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 382 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 382 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 382 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 382 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 382 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 3 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 4 Am Am NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 5 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 7 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 8 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 9 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 10 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 12 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-3552 383 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 384 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 384 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 384 3 1021 1021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 384 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 384 5 Fed Fed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 384 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 385 1 Cir Cir NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 385 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 386 1 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 386 2 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 386 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 2 Rosenblatt Rosenblatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 4 Seth Seth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 7 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 387 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 2 Court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 3 sides side NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 5 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 6 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 7 Android Android NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 9 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 10 patent patent NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 11 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 388 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 389 1 CNET CNET NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 389 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 390 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 390 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 390 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 390 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 390 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 390 6 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 390 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 3 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 4 beats beat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 5 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 7 Android Android NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 8 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 10 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 14 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 15 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 391 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 392 1 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 392 2 Technica Technica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 392 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 393 1 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 393 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 393 3 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 393 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 393 5 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 393 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 394 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 394 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 394 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 394 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 394 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 394 6 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 394 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 2 Decker Decker NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 4 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 7 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 9 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 395 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 2 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 3 Wins Wins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 4 Revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 6 Billion Billion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 8 Dollar Dollar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 9 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 10 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 11 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 396 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 397 1 Bloomberg Bloomberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 397 2 Businessweek Businessweek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 397 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 398 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 398 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 398 3 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 398 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 398 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 398 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 2 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 4 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 6 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 7 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 9 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 399 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 2 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 3 asks ask VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 4 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 5 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 7 overrule overrule VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 8 disastrous disastrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 9 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 11 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 12 copyrights copyright NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 400 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 401 1 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 401 2 Technica Technica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 401 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 402 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 402 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 402 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 402 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 402 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 402 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 2 vkimber vkimber NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 6 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 8 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 403 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 2 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 3 LLC LLC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 4 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 5 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 6 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 8 Inc Inc NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 404 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 405 1 LII LII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 405 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 405 3 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 405 4 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 405 5 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 405 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 406 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 406 2 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 406 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 406 4 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 406 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 406 6 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 406 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 4 Taina Taina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 5 Bucher Bucher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 7 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 8 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 407 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 2 Objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 4 Intense Intense NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 5 Feeling feeling NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 8 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 11 Twitter Twitter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 12 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 408 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 409 1 Computational Computational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 409 2 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 409 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 409 4 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 409 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 409 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 410 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 410 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3552 410 3 2047 2047 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 410 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 410 5 2390 2390 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 410 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 1 Argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 6 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 8 neutral neutral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 9 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 12 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 14 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 15 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 17 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 18 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 20 understood understand VBD en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 23 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 24 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 26 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 411 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 412 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 412 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 412 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 412 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 412 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 1 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 4 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 5 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 6 court court NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 7 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 9 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 10 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 11 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 12 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 14 pp.3 pp.3 NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 16 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 19 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 20 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 21 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 25 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 26 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 28 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 30 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 31 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 33 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 34 Program Program NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 35 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 39 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 41 calling call VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 43 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 44 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 45 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 46 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 48 instruction instruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 49 - - , en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 50 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 52 recipe recipe NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 53 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 54 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 55 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 56 cooking cook VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 57 instruction instruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 59 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 60 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 61 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 62 instruction instruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 64 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 65 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 66 carry carry VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 67 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 68 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 69 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 70 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 71 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 72 Operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 73 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 74 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 75 Advocacy Advocacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 76 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 77 Forensic Forensic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 78 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 79 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 80 Hobbyist Hobbyist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 81 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 82 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 83 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 84 Usage Usage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 85 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 86 User User NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 87 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 88 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 89 Variants Variants NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 90 Disk Disk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 91 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 92 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 93 Distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 94 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 95 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 96 Embedded embed VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 97 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 98 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 99 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 100 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 101 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 102 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 103 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 104 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 105 Object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 106 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 107 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 108 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 109 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 110 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 111 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 112 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 113 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 114 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 115 Supercomputer Supercomputer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 116 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 117 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 118 Kernel Kernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 119 Architectures Architectures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 120 Exokernel Exokernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 121 Hybrid Hybrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 122 Microkernel Microkernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 123 Monolithic Monolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 124 vkernel vkernel NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 125 Rump rump JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 126 kernel kernel NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 127 Unikernel Unikernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 128 Components Components NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 129 Device Device NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 130 driver driver NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 131 Loadable loadable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 132 kernel kernel NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 133 module module NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 134 User User NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 135 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 136 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 137 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 138 Concepts Concepts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 139 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 140 multitasking multitasking NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 141 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 142 Cooperative cooperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 143 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 144 Preemptive preemptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 145 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 146 Context context NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 147 switch switch NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 148 Interrupt Interrupt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 149 IPC IPC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 150 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 151 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 152 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 153 block block NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 154 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 155 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 156 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 157 Thread Thread NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 158 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 159 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 160 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 161 Scheduling Scheduling NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 162 algorithms algorithm VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 163 Fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 164 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 165 priority priority NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 166 preemptive preemptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 167 Multilevel multilevel JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 168 feedback feedback NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 169 queue queue NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 170 Round Round NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 171 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 172 robin robin NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 173 Shortest Shortest NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 174 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 175 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 176 Memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 177 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 178 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 179 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 180 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 181 Bus Bus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 182 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 183 General general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 184 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 185 fault fault NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 186 Memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 187 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 188 Paging page VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 189 Protection Protection NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 190 ring re VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 191 Segmentation segmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 192 fault fault VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 193 Virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 194 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 195 Storage storage NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 196 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 197 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 198 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 199 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 200 Boot Boot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 201 loader loader NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 202 Defragmentation Defragmentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 203 Device Device NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 204 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 205 File file NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 206 attribute attribute NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 207 Inode Inode NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 208 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 209 Partition Partition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 210 Virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 211 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 212 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 213 Virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 214 tape tape NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 215 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 216 Supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 217 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 218 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 219 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 220 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 221 HAL HAL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 222 Live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 223 CD cd NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 224 Live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 225 USB usb NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 226 OS os NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 227 shell shell NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 228 CLI CLI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 229 GUI GUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 230 3D 3D MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 231 GUI GUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 232 NUI NUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 233 TUI TUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 234 VUI VUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 235 ZUI ZUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 236 PXE PXE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 237 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 238 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 239 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 240 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 241 cb13337425v cb13337425v ADD en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 242 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 243 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 244 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 245 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 246 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 247 4430243 4430243 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 248 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 249 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 250 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 251 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 252 sh98004527 sh98004527 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 253 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 254 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 255 99613125 99613125 CD en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 256 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 257 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 258 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 259 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=API&oldid=1019932945 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=API&oldid=1019932945 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 260 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 261 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 262 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 263 Application application NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 264 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 265 interfaces interface VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 266 Technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 267 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 268 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 269 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 270 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 271 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 272 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 273 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 274 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 275 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 276 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 277 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 278 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 279 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 280 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 281 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 282 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 283 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 284 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 285 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 286 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 287 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 288 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 289 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 290 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 291 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 292 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 293 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 294 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 295 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 296 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 297 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 298 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 299 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 300 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 301 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 302 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 303 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 304 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 305 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 306 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 307 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 308 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 309 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 310 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 311 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 312 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 313 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 314 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 315 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 316 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 317 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 318 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 319 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 320 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 321 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 322 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 323 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 324 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 325 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 326 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 327 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 328 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 329 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 330 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 331 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 332 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 333 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 334 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 335 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 336 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 337 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 338 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 339 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 340 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 341 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 342 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 343 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 344 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 345 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 346 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 347 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 348 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 349 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 350 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 351 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 352 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 353 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 354 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 355 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 356 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 357 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 358 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 359 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 360 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 361 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 362 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 363 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 364 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 365 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 366 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 367 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 368 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 369 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 370 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 371 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 372 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 373 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 374 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 375 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 376 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 377 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 378 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 379 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 380 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 381 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 382 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 383 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 384 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 385 Boarisch Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 386 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 387 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 388 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 389 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 390 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 391 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 392 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 393 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 394 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 395 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 396 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 397 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 398 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 399 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 400 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 401 हिन्दी हिन्दी IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 402 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 403 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 404 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 405 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 406 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 407 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 408 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 409 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 410 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 413 411 മലയാളം മലയാളം 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Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-3552 414 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3552 415 14 Privacy Privacy NNP 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 416 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3552 416 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3552 416 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 416 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 416 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3552 416 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 416 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3552 417 13 statement statement NN