id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 1 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 3 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 17 Set set NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 19 subroutine subroutine JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 20 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 22 protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 25 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 27 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 28 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 30 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 31 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 32 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 33 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 35 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 36 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 38 disambiguation disambiguation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 1 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 2 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 2 2 Api.php api.php VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 2 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 2 4 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 2 5 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 2 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 6 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 7 /w /w NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 8 / / NFP en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 9 api.php api.php CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 3 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 2 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 3 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 4 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 6 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 10 computing computing NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 11 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 13 defines define VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 14 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 16 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 17 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 18 intermediaries intermediary NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 4 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 2 defines define VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 4 kinds kind NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 6 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 8 requests request NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 12 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 14 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 16 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 17 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 20 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 21 formats format NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 23 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 25 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 28 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 30 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 32 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 5 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 4 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 5 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 7 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 9 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 11 extend extend VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 12 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 13 functionality functionality NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 15 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 16 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 19 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 20 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 6 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 8 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 9 custom custom JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 11 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 14 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 17 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 18 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 21 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 23 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 25 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 26 interoperability interoperability NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 7 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 1 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 2 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 3 hiding hiding NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 5 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 6 enable enable VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 7 modular modular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 8 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 10 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 11 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 13 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 15 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 16 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 19 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 8 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 3 Purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 10 Usage Usage NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 11 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 12 Libraries Libraries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 14 frameworks framework VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 15 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 16 Operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 17 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 18 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 19 Remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 20 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 21 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 22 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 23 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 24 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 25 Design design NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 26 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 27 Release Release NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 28 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 29 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 30 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 31 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 32 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 33 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 34 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 35 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 36 Copyright copyright NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 37 controversy controversy NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 38 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 39 Examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 40 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 41 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 42 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 43 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 44 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 45 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 46 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 47 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 48 Purpose[edit purpose[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 50 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 51 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 52 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 54 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 55 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 57 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 58 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 59 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 61 simplifies simplifie NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 62 programming program VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 63 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 64 abstracting abstract VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 66 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 67 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 69 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 70 exposing expose VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 71 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 72 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 73 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 75 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 76 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 9 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 3 graphical graphical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 4 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 7 email email NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 8 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 9 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 10 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 12 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 15 button button NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 17 performs perform VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 18 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 20 steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 22 fetching fetch VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 24 highlighting highlight VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 25 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 26 emails email NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 29 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 31 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 32 input input NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 33 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 34 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 35 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 36 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 38 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 40 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 41 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 42 copies copy VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 44 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 45 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 46 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 47 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 49 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 50 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 51 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 52 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 54 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 55 understand understand VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 57 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 58 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 59 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 60 occurring occur VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 61 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 63 scenes scene NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 10 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 7 term[edit term[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 10 diagram diagram NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 12 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 13 proposing propose VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 15 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 18 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 21 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 23 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 25 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 26 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 27 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 29 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 30 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 31 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 32 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 11 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 5 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 9 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 11 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 12 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 14 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 12 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 2 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 3 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 5 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 8 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 10 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 12 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 13 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 17 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 18 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 13 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 2 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 4 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 5 reflected reflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 8 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 10 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 11 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 12 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 14 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 4 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 7 broader broad JJR en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 11 utility utility NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 12 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 14 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 15 hardware hardware NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 16 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 15 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 5 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 10 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 11 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 14 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 16 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 1 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 2 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 3 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 4 Wilkes Wilkes NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 6 Wheeler Wheeler NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 7 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 9 modular modular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 10 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 11 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 14 1940s 1940 NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 17 EDSAC EDSAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 18 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 17 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 1 Joshua Joshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 2 Bloch Bloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 3 claims claim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 5 Wilkes Wilkes NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 7 Wheeler Wheeler NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 9 latently latently RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 10 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 15 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 18 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 21 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 24 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 25 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 26 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 18 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 6 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 8 coined coin VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 11 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 13 implementing implement VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 14 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 17 Univac Univac NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 18 1108 1108 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 21 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 24 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 27 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 28 hardware hardware NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 29 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 30 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 31 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 19 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 2 5 5 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 7 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 8 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 9 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 12 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 14 -ing -ing HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 15 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 18 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 19 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 22 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 23 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 24 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 25 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 27 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 29 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 30 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 31 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 32 presented present VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 35 AFIPS AFIPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 36 conference conference NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 38 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 20 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 2 6][4 6][4 IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 5 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 8 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 9 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 11 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 13 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 15 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 18 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 21 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 22 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 25 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 26 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 29 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 32 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 33 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 21 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 2 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 3 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 4 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 6 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 8 Fortran fortran JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 9 subroutine subroutine NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 10 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 13 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 15 free free VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 17 programmer programmer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 19 dealing deal VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 21 idiosyncrasies idiosyncrasy NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 24 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 25 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 26 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 30 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 31 hardware hardware NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 32 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 33 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 35 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 38 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 40 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 22 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 2 5 5 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 7 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 10 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 12 databases database NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 14 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 23 15 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 1 Date[7 Date[7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 6 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 9 Relational Relational NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 11 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 12 Approaches Approaches NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 14 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 17 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 18 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 19 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 24 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 8 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 10 ANSI ANSI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 12 SPARC SPARC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 13 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 15 database database NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 16 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 17 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 25 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 2 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 3 treated treat VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 5 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 6 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 7 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 8 separately separately RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 11 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 16 query query NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 17 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 26 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 1 Database database NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 2 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 5 1970s 1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 6 observed observe VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 8 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 9 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 10 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 12 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 15 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 16 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 17 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 18 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 19 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 20 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 23 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 25 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 27 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 5 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 6 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 10 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 12 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 14 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 17 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 18 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 19 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 28 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 2 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 7 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 8 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 12 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 14 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 18 programmer programmer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 20 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 21 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 22 tasks task NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 25 technologist technologist NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 26 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 27 Malamud Malamud NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 29 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 5 conception conception NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 10 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 11 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 14 dawn dawn NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 16 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 17 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 30 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 1 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 2 Fielding Fielding NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 4 dissertation dissertation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 5 Architectural Architectural NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 6 Styles Styles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 9 Design Design NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 11 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 13 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 14 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 15 Architectures Architectures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 17 UC UC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 18 Irvine Irvine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 20 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 21 outlined outlined JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 22 Representational representational JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 24 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 26 REST rest NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 29 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 31 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 35 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 37 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 38 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 39 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 40 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 43 Fielding fielding NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 44 contrasted contrast VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 46 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 47 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 48 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 50 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 52 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 31 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 4 XML xml NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 6 JSON JSON NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 7 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 9 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 10 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 11 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 12 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 13 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 15 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 17 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 20 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 32 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 2 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 3 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 5 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 8 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 9 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 12 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 13 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 33 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 8 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 11 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 12 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 15 overlap overlap NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 17 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 20 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 21 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 22 protocol protocol NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 24 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 25 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 26 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 34 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 1 Usage[edit usage[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 3 Libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 5 frameworks[edit frameworks[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 8 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 9 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 11 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 14 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 15 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 35 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 2 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 3 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 5 prescribes prescribe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 8 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 9 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 13 specification specification NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 17 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 21 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 22 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 26 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 28 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 36 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 2 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 6 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 7 implementations implementation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 10 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 12 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 13 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 19 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 20 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 22 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 24 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 25 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 26 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 37 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 2 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 5 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 8 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 10 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 11 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 17 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 19 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 20 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 22 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 38 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 4 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 5 Scala Scala NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 7 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 8 compile compile NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 10 compatible compatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 11 bytecode bytecode NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 13 Scala Scala NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 14 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 16 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 17 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 19 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 20 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 21 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 39 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 5 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 7 vary vary VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 8 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 11 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 13 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 15 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 40 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 2 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 5 procedural procedural JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 9 Lua Lua NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 10 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 11 consist consist VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 12 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 14 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 15 routines routine NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 17 execute execute VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 18 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 20 manipulate manipulate NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 21 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 23 handle handle VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 24 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 27 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 30 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 32 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 33 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 35 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 37 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 39 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 40 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 42 specification specification NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 44 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 46 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 47 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 48 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 41 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 2 13][14 13][14 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 4 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 5 bindings binding NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 42 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 2 mapping map VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 4 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 6 capabilities capability NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 12 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 13 implemented implement VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 15 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 20 binding bind VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 21 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 23 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 25 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 26 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 28 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 32 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 33 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 34 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 36 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 37 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 43 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 4 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 7 SWIG SWIG NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 9 F2PY F2PY NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 12 Fortran Fortran NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 16 Python Python NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 17 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 18 generator generator NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 20 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 22 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 25 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 44 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 5 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 9 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 12 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 13 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 16 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 19 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 21 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 22 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 23 implementing implement VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 24 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 25 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 28 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 30 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 31 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 34 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 37 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 40 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 41 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 42 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 44 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 46 mediated mediate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 48 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 49 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 50 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 51 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 52 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 53 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 54 plugged plug VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 55 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 57 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 58 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 45 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 4 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 5 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 6 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 8 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 11 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 14 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 17 caller caller NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 21 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 23 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 25 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 27 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 30 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 31 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 46 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 2 17][18 17][18 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 4 Operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 5 systems[edit systems[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 8 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 10 specify specify VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 12 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 15 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 18 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 19 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 47 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 4 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 9 specifies specify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 11 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 14 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 16 aim aim VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 18 enable enable VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 20 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 21 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 24 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 25 conformant conformant NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 26 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 27 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 30 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 32 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 33 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 34 conformant conformant NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 35 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 36 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 48 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 1 Linux Linux NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 3 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 4 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 5 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 7 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 9 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 10 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 12 implement implement VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 14 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 15 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 49 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 4 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 6 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 8 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 9 commitment commitment NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 12 backward backward JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 14 compatible compatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 15 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 17 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 18 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 20 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 21 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 23 Win32 Win32 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 25 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 27 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 28 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 29 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 30 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 31 run run VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 33 newer new JJR en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 34 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 36 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 37 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 38 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 39 executable executable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 41 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 42 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 43 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 44 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 45 Compatibility Compatibility NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 46 Mode Mode NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 50 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 5 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 6 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 9 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 10 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 11 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 13 ABI ABI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 18 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 20 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 21 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 22 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 23 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 25 ABI ABI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 27 binary binary NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 28 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 51 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 4 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 5 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 6 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 7 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 9 Linux Linux NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 10 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 11 Base Base NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 12 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 14 ABI abi NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 52 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 2 22][23 22][23 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 4 Remote Remote NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 5 APIs[edit apis[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 7 Remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 9 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 10 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 12 manipulate manipulate VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 13 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 14 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 15 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 16 protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 18 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 19 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 21 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 23 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 24 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 25 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 27 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 28 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 30 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 32 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 34 platform platform NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 53 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 5 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 6 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 7 Connectivity Connectivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 9 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 10 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 12 query query VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 14 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 15 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 17 databases database NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 20 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 21 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 23 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 27 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 28 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 29 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 30 invocation invocation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 31 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 32 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 34 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 35 Remote Remote NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 36 Method Method NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 37 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 39 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 40 invocation invocation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 42 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 43 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 44 operate operate VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 45 remotely remotely RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 47 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 48 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 49 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 52 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 54 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 2 24][25 24][25 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 4 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 6 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 9 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 11 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 13 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 14 abstraction abstraction NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 16 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 18 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 19 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 22 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 23 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 25 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 26 locally locally RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 29 proxy proxy JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 30 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 32 invokes invoke VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 34 corresponding corresponding JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 35 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 38 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 39 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 41 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 43 remoting remote VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 44 protocol protocol NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 47 acquires acquire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 49 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 51 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 52 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 53 locally locally RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 54 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 55 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 56 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 57 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 55 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 2 modification modification NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 5 proxy proxy JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 6 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 7 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 9 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 12 corresponding corresponding JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 13 modification modification NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 16 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 17 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 56 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 4 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 5 APIs[edit apis[edit XX en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 10 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 11 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 12 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 13 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 16 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 17 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 18 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 20 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 21 happen happen VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 24 enterprise enterprise NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 26 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 28 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 30 assets asset NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 33 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 36 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 37 Level Level NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 38 Agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 40 SLA SLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 43 specify specify VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 45 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 46 provider provider NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 48 expose expose VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 50 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 51 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 52 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 53 URL url NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 54 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 55 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 56 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 57 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 57 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 2 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 3 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 6 architectural architectural JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 7 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 9 revolves revolve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 10 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 11 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 13 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 14 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 17 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 19 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 21 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 22 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 23 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 24 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 25 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 27 consumers consumer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 58 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 8 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 10 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 11 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 14 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 16 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 17 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 20 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 22 specifications specification NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 26 Hypertext Hypertext NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 27 Transfer Transfer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 28 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 30 HTTP HTTP NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 32 request request NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 33 messages message NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 35 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 38 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 41 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 43 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 44 messages message NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 46 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 48 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 49 Extensible Extensible NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 50 Markup Markup NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 51 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 53 XML XML NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 55 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 56 JavaScript JavaScript NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 57 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 58 Notation Notation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 60 JSON JSON NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 62 format format NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 59 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 3 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 6 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 7 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 8 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 12 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 15 eCommerce eCommerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 17 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 18 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 20 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 21 ordering order VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 22 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 23 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 25 automatically automatically RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 26 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 27 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 28 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 29 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 31 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 33 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 34 developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 35 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 37 enter enter VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 39 shipper shipper NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 41 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 42 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 43 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 45 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 46 database database NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 60 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 3 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 6 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 9 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 10 synonymous synonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 12 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 13 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 16 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 17 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 19 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 21 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 22 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 23 2.0 2.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 26 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 27 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 28 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 30 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 31 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 32 Access Access NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 33 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 35 SOAP SOAP NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 37 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 38 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 39 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 41 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 43 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 44 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 46 SOA SOA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 48 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 49 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 50 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 51 representational representational JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 52 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 53 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 55 REST rest NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 57 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 58 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 59 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 61 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 62 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 63 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 64 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 66 ROA ROA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 61 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 4 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 7 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 9 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 12 Semantic Semantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 13 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 14 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 15 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 16 Resource Resource NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 17 Description Description NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 18 Framework Framework NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 20 RDF RDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 24 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 26 promote promote VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 27 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 29 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 30 ontology ontology NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 31 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 32 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 62 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 1 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 2 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 3 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 5 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 7 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 11 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 14 mashups mashup NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 63 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 6 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 7 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 8 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 10 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 11 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 13 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 14 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 15 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 17 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 18 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 19 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 21 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 23 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 25 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 64 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 3 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 5 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 8 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 11 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 12 dynamically dynamically RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 15 posted post VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 17 updated update VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 19 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 20 locations location NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 23 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 65 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 7 Twitter Twitter NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 9 REST rest NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 10 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 11 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 12 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 14 access access VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 15 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 16 Twitter Twitter NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 17 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 20 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 21 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 22 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 23 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 25 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 27 interact interact VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 29 Twitter Twitter NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 30 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 32 trends trend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 33 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 66 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 4 Design[edit design[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 7 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 12 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 13 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 16 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 67 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 5 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 7 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 8 hiding hiding NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 9 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 11 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 13 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 14 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 16 enabling enable VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 17 modular modular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 18 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 20 hiding hide VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 22 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 23 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 26 modules module NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 27 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 29 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 31 modules module NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 32 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 33 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 34 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 36 complexities complexity NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 37 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 39 modules module NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 68 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 7 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 11 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 13 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 16 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 18 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 19 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 20 expect expect VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 69 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 5 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 7 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 8 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 9 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 11 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 12 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 14 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 15 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 21 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 22 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 24 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 70 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 4 Release Release NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 5 policies[edit policies[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 14 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 15 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 16 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 17 integrate integrate VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 71 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 1 Those those DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 2 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 3 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 5 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 6 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 8 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 10 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 11 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 14 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 15 ecosystem ecosystem NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 72 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 6 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 8 releasing release VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 11 are:[35 are:[35 NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 13 Private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 16 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 19 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 20 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 21 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 22 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 73 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 1 Partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 3 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 4 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 5 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 6 partners partner NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 8 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 74 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 4 vehicle vehicle NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 6 hire hire NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 7 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 10 Uber Uber NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 12 Lyft Lyft NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 13 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 14 approved approve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 15 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 17 party party NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 18 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 20 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 21 order order VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 22 rides ride NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 24 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 26 apps app NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 75 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 2 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 4 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 6 exercise exercise VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 7 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 8 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 10 curating curate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 12 apps app NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 14 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 17 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 20 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 24 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 25 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 26 stream stream NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 76 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 4 Public public NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 9 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 14 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 77 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 4 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 5 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 7 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 9 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 12 Apple Apple NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 13 releases release VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 15 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 16 Cocoa Cocoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 18 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 20 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 23 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 26 platforms platform NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 78 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 1 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 3 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 7 accessible accessible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 9 everybody everybody NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 79 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 4 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 5 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 6 providers provider NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 8 Cloudflare Cloudflare NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 10 Voxility Voxility NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 12 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 13 RESTful restful JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 14 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 16 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 17 customers customer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 19 resellers reseller NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 20 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 23 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 24 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 26 DDoS DDoS NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 27 stats stat NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 29 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 30 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 32 dashboard dashboard NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 33 controls control NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 80 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 4 Access access NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 9 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 10 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 12 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 14 tokens token NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 15 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 18 customer customer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 19 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 20 validations validation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 81 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 4 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 5 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 6 implications[edit implications[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 10 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 14 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 15 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 19 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 20 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 82 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 1 Changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 8 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 10 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 13 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 14 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 16 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 17 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 18 compatibility compatibility NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 21 clients client NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 23 depend depend VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 25 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 26 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 83 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 5 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 8 publicly publicly RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 9 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 12 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 14 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 16 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 18 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 21 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 24 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 25 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 26 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 28 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 29 explicitly explicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 32 unstable unstable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 84 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 6 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 7 Guava Guava NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 8 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 11 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 14 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 15 unstable unstable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 18 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 19 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 20 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 21 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 24 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 27 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 28 annotation annotation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 29 @Beta @beta NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 85 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 5 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 6 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 8 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 9 declare declare VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 10 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 12 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 14 deprecated deprecated JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 16 rescinded rescind VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 86 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 2 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 3 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 5 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 9 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 11 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 13 candidate candidate NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 15 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 16 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 19 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 22 backward backward JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 23 incompatible incompatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 24 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 87 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 4 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 5 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 6 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 8 transition transition VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 9 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 11 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 14 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 16 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 18 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 21 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 24 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 88 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 4 Client client NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 5 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 7 contain contain VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 8 innovative innovative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 10 opportunistic opportunistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 11 usages usage NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 15 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 18 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 19 designers designer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 89 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 7 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 10 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 11 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 12 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 14 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 16 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 17 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 18 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 21 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 22 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 27 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 29 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 30 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 90 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 10 Akamai Akamai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 11 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 13 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 14 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 15 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 18 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 19 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 20 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 22 showcasing showcase VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 24 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 25 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 27 cybercriminals cybercriminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 28 targeting target VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 29 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 30 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 31 platforms platform NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 32 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 33 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 34 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 35 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 91 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 3 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 4 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 5 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 6 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 8 Akamai Akamai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 9 witnessed witness VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 10 85.42 85.42 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 11 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 12 credential credential JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 13 violation violation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 14 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 92 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 1 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 3 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 6 16.55 16.55 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 7 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 10 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 11 hostnames hostname NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 12 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 14 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 15 endpoints endpoint NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 93 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 4 473.5 473.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 5 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 7 targeted target VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 8 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 9 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 10 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 11 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 94 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 4 Documentation[edit Documentation[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 6 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 7 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 8 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 9 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 10 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 12 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 13 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 15 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 17 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 18 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 19 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 21 aiming aim VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 23 cover cover VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 24 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 26 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 27 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 28 need need VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 30 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 32 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 33 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 95 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 1 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 3 crucial crucial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 6 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 8 maintenance maintenance NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 10 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 11 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 96 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 5 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 7 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 8 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 10 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 11 files file NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 16 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 18 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 19 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 22 blogs blog NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 24 forums forum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 27 Q&A Q&A NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 28 websites website NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 97 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 4 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 5 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 6 files file NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 9 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 10 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 12 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 13 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 17 Javadoc Javadoc NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 19 Pydoc Pydoc NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 22 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 24 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 25 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 27 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 98 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 4 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 6 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 7 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 10 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 11 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 13 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 15 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 99 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 6 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 8 clarity clarity NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 10 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 11 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 13 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 15 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 17 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 19 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 22 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 24 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 27 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 28 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 29 scenarios scenario NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 31 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 32 snippets snippet NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 34 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 35 rationales rationale NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 37 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 38 discussions discussion NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 41 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 44 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 45 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 46 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 49 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 50 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 51 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 52 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 53 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 54 omitted omit VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 100 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 1 Restrictions restriction NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 3 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 5 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 13 covered cover VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 16 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 101 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 4 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 8 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 9 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 10 note note VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 13 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 17 null null JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 21 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 22 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 25 thread thread NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 26 safe,[47 safe,[47 ADD en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 28 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 29 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 30 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 31 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 33 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 34 comprehensive comprehensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 36 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 39 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 41 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 43 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 45 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 46 updated update VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 48 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 49 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 51 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 52 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 53 carefully carefully RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 55 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 56 yielding yield VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 57 bugs bug NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 102 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 4 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 5 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 8 enriched enrich VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 10 metadata metadata NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 12 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 13 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 14 annotations annotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 103 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 2 metadata metadata NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 8 compiler compiler NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 10 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 15 run run VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 18 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 20 implement implement VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 21 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 22 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 24 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 25 handling handling NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 104 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 6 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 8 generate generate VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 9 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 10 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 13 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 15 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 16 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 105 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 2 observing observe VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 4 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 6 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 8 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 9 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 13 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 15 infer infer VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 17 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 18 usages usage NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 21 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 23 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 24 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 26 directives directive NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 106 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 4 Then then RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 6 templates template NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 11 generate generate VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 12 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 16 mined mine VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 17 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 107 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 1 Copyright copyright NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 2 controversy[edit controversy[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 7 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 8 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 10 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 11 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 12 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 108 14 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 4 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 5 Corporation Corporation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 6 sued sue VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 7 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 9 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 10 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 13 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 15 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 16 embedded embed VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 19 Android Android NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 20 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 21 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 109 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 4 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 7 acquired acquire VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 8 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 9 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 11 reproduce reproduce VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 13 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 14 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 16 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 17 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 20 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 23 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 24 OpenJDK OpenJDK `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 25 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 110 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 1 Judge Judge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 2 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 3 Alsup Alsup NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 4 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 7 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 8 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 9 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 10 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 12 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 16 copyrighted copyright VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 19 U.S U.S NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 23 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 25 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 26 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 28 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 29 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 30 copyright copyright NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 31 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 33 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 35 copyrighting copyrighting NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 37 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 38 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 39 commands command NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 41 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 42 accept accept VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 43 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 44 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 45 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 46 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 47 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 49 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 50 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 52 copyright copyright VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 53 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 54 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 56 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 57 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 58 carry carry VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 59 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 60 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 61 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 63 commands command NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 65 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 66 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 67 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 68 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 69 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 70 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 71 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 72 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 73 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 74 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 75 carry carry VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 76 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 77 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 78 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 79 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 80 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 81 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 82 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 83 commands command NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 111 84 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 2 51][52 51][52 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 9 Alsup Alsup NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 11 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 13 overturned overturn VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 15 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 18 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 20 Appeals Appeals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 23 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 24 Circuit Circuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 26 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 28 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 30 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 32 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 34 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 35 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 36 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 37 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 38 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 39 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 40 unresolved unresolved JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 112 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 7 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 11 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 12 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 15 jury jury NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 16 determined determine VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 18 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 20 reimplementation reimplementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 23 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 24 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 25 constituted constituted JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 26 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 27 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 29 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 30 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 31 vowed vow VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 33 appeal appeal VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 35 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 113 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 4 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 5 won win VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 8 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 12 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 14 Appeals Appeals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 17 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 18 Circuit Circuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 19 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 21 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 23 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 26 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 27 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 29 qualify qualify VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 31 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 32 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 114 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 7 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 8 appealed appeal VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 11 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 12 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 15 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 16 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 18 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 20 copyrightability copyrightability NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 22 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 23 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 24 rulings ruling NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 28 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 29 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 30 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 31 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 115 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 4 Examples[edit examples[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 7 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 9 Application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 10 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 11 interfaces interface VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 12 ASPI ASPI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 14 SCSI SCSI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 15 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 16 interfacing interface VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 17 Cocoa Cocoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 19 Carbon Carbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 22 Macintosh Macintosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 23 DirectX DirectX NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 25 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 26 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 27 EHLLAPI EHLLAPI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 28 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 29 APIs api VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 30 ODBC ODBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 32 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 33 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 34 OpenAL OpenAL NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 35 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 36 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 37 platform platform JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 38 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 39 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 40 OpenCL OpenCL NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 41 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 42 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 43 platform platform JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 44 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 46 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 48 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 49 computing computing NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 51 CPUs cpu NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 52 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 53 GPUs GPUs NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 54 OpenGL OpenGL NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 55 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 56 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 57 platform platform JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 58 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 59 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 60 OpenMP OpenMP NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 61 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 62 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 63 supports support VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 64 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 65 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 66 platform platform JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 67 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 68 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 69 multiprocessing multiprocessing NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 70 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 72 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 74 C++ C++ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 76 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 77 Fortran Fortran NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 78 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 79 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 80 architectures architecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 82 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 83 Unix Unix NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 84 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 85 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 86 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 87 platforms platform NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 116 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 1 Server Server NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 2 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 3 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 4 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 6 SAPI SAPI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 8 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 9 DirectMedia DirectMedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 10 Layer Layer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 12 SDL SDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 14 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 15 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 17 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 18 testing testing NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 19 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 20 writer writer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 21 Augmented augment VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 22 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 23 Calling call VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 24 convention convention NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 25 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 26 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 27 Request Request NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 28 Broker Broker NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 29 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 31 CORBA CORBA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 33 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 35 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 36 virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 37 machines machine NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 38 Document Document NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 39 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 40 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 42 DOM DOM NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 44 Double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 46 chance chance NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 47 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 48 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 49 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 50 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 51 Front front NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 53 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 54 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 55 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 57 computing compute VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 59 Interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 60 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 61 document document NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 62 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 64 3D 3d JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 65 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 66 APIs api VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 67 Microservices Microservices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 68 Name name VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 69 mangling mangle VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 70 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 71 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 72 Open Open NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 73 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 74 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 75 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 76 Parsing Parsing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 77 Plugin Plugin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 78 RAML RAML NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 79 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 80 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 82 Software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 83 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 84 kit kit NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 85 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 86 SDK SDK NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 87 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 88 Web Web VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 89 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 90 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 91 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 92 vendor vendor NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 93 XPCOM xpcom NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 94 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 95 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 96 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 97 Fisher Fisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 99 Sharon Sharon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 100 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 101 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 102 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 117 103 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 2 OS/2 OS/2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 3 EE ee NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 5 Get get VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 6 3270 3270 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 7 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 8 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 118 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 119 1 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 119 2 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 119 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 5 3333Clarke 3333clarke CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 7 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 120 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 121 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 121 2 Measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 121 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 121 4 Usability Usability NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 121 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 121 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 122 1 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 122 2 Dobb Dobb NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 122 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 122 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 123 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 123 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 123 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 123 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 123 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 4 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 5 architectures architecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 8 feasibility feasibility NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 9 workshop workshop NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 11 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 124 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 2 D.C. D.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 4 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 5 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 7 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 9 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 10 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 12 Standards Standards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 125 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 126 1 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 126 2 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 126 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 126 4 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 126 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 127 1 45–47 45–47 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 127 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 128 1 hdl:2027 hdl:2027 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 128 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 128 3 mdp.39015077587742 mdp.39015077587742 RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 128 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 129 1 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 129 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 129 3 81600004 81600004 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 129 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 130 1 NBS NBS NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 130 2 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 130 3 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 130 4 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 130 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 130 6 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 130 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 131 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 131 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 131 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 131 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 131 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 131 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 5 Bloch Bloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 7 Joshua Joshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 9 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 10 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 12 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 132 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 2 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 4 Opinionated opinionated JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 10 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 133 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 134 1 QCon QCon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 134 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 135 1 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 135 2 Francisco Francisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 135 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 135 4 InfoQ. InfoQ. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 136 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 136 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 136 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 136 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 136 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 136 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 4 Cotton Cotton NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 6 Ira Ira NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 7 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 9 Greatorex Greatorex NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 11 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 12 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 14 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 15 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 137 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 2 Data data NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 3 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 5 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 7 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 8 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 9 graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 138 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 1 AFIPS AFIPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 2 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 3 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 5 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 11 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 13 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 15 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 16 Joint Joint NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 17 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 18 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 139 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 140 1 AFIPS afips NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 140 2 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 140 3 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 140 4 Joint Joint NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 140 5 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 140 6 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 140 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 1 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 2 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 3 Francisco Francisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 7 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 9 Computing Computing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 10 Machinery Machinery NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 141 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 142 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 142 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 143 1 533–544 533–544 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 143 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 144 1 doi:10.1145/1476589.1476661 doi:10.1145/1476589.1476661 XX en-wikipedia-org-8197 144 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 145 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 145 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 145 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 145 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 145 5 1450378994 1450378994 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 145 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 146 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 146 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 146 3 1175621908 1175621908 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 146 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 147 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 147 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 147 3 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 147 4 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 147 5 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 147 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 147 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 5 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 148 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 149 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 149 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 149 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 149 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 2 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 4 participating participate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 5 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 6 membership membership NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 7 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 150 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 151 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 151 2 Date Date NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 151 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 151 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 151 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 152 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 152 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 152 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 152 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 152 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 152 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 152 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 1 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 2 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 3 Codd Codd NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 5 Relational Relational NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 6 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 9 Detailed Detailed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 10 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 12 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 14 Codd Codd NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 16 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 17 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 18 Writings Writings NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 153 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 154 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 154 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 154 3 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 154 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 155 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 155 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 155 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 155 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 155 5 1684705276 1684705276 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 155 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 2 Date Date NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 7 Codd Codd NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 9 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 10 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 12 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 13 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 156 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 3 relational relational JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 5 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 6 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 8 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 11 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 12 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 13 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 157 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 158 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 158 2 Randall Randall NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 158 3 Rustin Rustin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 158 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 158 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 158 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 158 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 158 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 3 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 4 ACM ACM NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 6 SIGMOD SIGMOD NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 7 Workshop Workshop NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 9 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 10 Description Description NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 12 Access Access NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 14 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 159 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 160 1 SIGMOD SIGMOD NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 160 2 Workshop Workshop NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 160 3 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 160 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 161 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 161 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 1 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 2 Arbor Arbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 4 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 6 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 8 Computing Computing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 9 Machinery Machinery NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 162 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 163 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 163 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 164 1 83–113 83–113 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 164 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 165 1 doi:10.1145/800297.811532 doi:10.1145/800297.811532 UH en-wikipedia-org-8197 165 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 166 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 166 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 166 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 166 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 166 5 1450374187 1450374187 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 166 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 167 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 167 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 167 3 1175623233 1175623233 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 167 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 168 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 168 2 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 168 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 168 4 Malamud Malamud NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 168 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 168 6 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 168 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 168 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 169 1 Analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 169 2 Novell Novell NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 169 3 Networks Networks NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 169 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 170 1 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 170 2 Nostrand Nostrand NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 170 3 Reinhold Reinhold NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 170 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 171 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 171 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 171 3 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 171 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 172 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 172 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 172 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 172 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 172 5 0442003647 0442003647 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 172 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 173 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 173 2 Fielding fielding NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 173 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 173 4 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 173 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 173 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 173 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 173 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 1 Architectural Architectural NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 2 Styles Styles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 5 Design Design NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 7 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 10 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 11 Architectures Architectures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 13 PhD phd NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 174 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 175 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 175 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 175 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 175 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 175 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 175 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 2 Lane Lane NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 4 Kin Kin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 9 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 176 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 2 Intro Intro NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 8 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 177 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 178 1 Postman Postman NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 178 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 179 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 179 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 179 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 179 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 179 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 179 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 2 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 3 hear hear VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 5 acronym acronym NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 6 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 8 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 11 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 12 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 13 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 14 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 15 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 16 Interface Interface NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 18 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 21 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 22 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 24 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 26 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 27 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 28 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 32 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 33 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 34 HTTP http JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 36 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 37 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 39 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 40 readable readable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 41 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 44 JSON JSON NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 45 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 46 XML xml NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 47 format format NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 49 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 50 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 51 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 54 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 55 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 56 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 58 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 59 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 60 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 61 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 62 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 63 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 64 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 65 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 66 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 67 computing computing NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 69 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 70 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 71 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 72 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 73 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 74 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 75 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 76 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 78 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 79 2000s 2000s CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 180 80 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 2 Odersky Odersky NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 6 Spoon Spoon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 8 Lex Lex NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 10 Venners venner NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 12 Bill Bill NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 14 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 15 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 16 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 181 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 182 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 182 2 Combining Combining NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 182 3 Scala Scala NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 182 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 182 5 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 182 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 182 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 183 1 www.artima.com www.artima.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-8197 183 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 184 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 184 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 184 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 184 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 184 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 3 Figueiredo Figueiredo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 5 Luiz Luiz NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 6 Henrique Henrique NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 8 Ierusalimschy Ierusalimschy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 10 Roberto Roberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 12 Filho Filho NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 14 Waldemar Waldemar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 15 Celes Celes NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 185 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 3 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 5 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 10 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 11 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 186 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 187 1 TeCGraf TeCGraf NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 187 2 Grupo Grupo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 187 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 187 4 Tecnologia Tecnologia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 187 5 Em Em NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 187 6 Computacao Computacao NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 187 7 Grafica Grafica NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 187 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 188 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 188 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 188 3 10.1.1.47.5194 10.1.1.47.5194 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 188 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 189 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 189 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 189 3 59833827 59833827 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 189 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 190 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 190 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 190 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 190 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 190 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 2 Sintes Sintes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 4 Tony Tony NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 6 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 191 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 2 Just just RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 3 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 6 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 8 anyway anyway RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 192 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 193 1 JavaWorld JavaWorld NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 193 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 194 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 194 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 194 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 194 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 194 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 194 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 194 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 195 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 195 2 Emery Emery NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 195 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 195 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 195 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 2 Standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 6 Interfaces Interfaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 8 Bindings binding NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 196 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 197 1 Acm.org Acm.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 197 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 10 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 198 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 199 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 199 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 199 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 199 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 199 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 199 6 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 199 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 200 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 200 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 200 3 F2PY.org F2PY.org VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 200 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 200 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 201 1 F2PY.org F2PY.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 201 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 202 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 202 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 202 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 202 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 202 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 202 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 202 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 203 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 203 2 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 203 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 203 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 203 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 204 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 204 2 Inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 204 3 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 204 4 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 204 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 204 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 205 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 205 2 Fayad Fayad NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 205 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 205 4 Mohamed Mohamed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 205 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 206 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 206 2 Object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 206 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 206 4 Oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 206 5 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 206 6 Frameworks Frameworks NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 206 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 206 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 207 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 207 2 Lewine Lewine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 207 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 207 4 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 207 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 208 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 208 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 208 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 208 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 209 1 POSIX POSIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 209 2 Programmer programmer NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 209 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8197 209 4 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 209 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 1 O'Reilly O'Reilly NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 3 Associates Associates NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 5 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 210 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 211 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 211 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 211 3 9780937175736 9780937175736 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 211 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 212 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 212 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 212 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 212 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 212 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 2 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 4 Joel Joel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 6 Dedrick Dedrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 8 Jason Jason NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 10 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 213 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 2 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 3 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 4 standardization standardization NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 7 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 9 Linux Linux NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 12 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 13 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 16 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 214 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 215 1 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 215 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 215 3 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 215 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 215 5 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 215 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 216 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 216 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 216 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 216 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 216 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 216 6 88–112 88–112 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 216 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 217 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 217 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 217 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 217 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 217 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 218 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 218 2 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 218 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 218 4 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 218 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 218 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 218 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 219 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 219 2 Support support NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 219 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 219 4 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 219 5 XP XP NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 219 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 219 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 220 1 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 220 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 221 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 221 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 221 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 221 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 10 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 222 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 223 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 223 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 223 3 LSB LSB NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 223 4 Introduction Introduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 223 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 223 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 224 1 Linux Linux NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 224 2 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 224 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 225 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 225 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 225 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 225 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 226 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 226 2 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 226 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 226 4 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 226 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 226 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 226 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 2 Stoughton Stoughton NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 4 Nick Nick NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 227 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 2 Update update NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 4 Standards Standards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 228 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 229 1 USENIX USENIX NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 229 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 230 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 230 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 230 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 230 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 230 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 230 6 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 230 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 2 Bierhoff Bierhoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 4 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 231 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 2 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 3 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 4 Compliance Compliance NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 6 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 8 Oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 9 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 232 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 233 1 CMU CMU NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 233 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 233 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 233 4 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 233 5 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 233 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 234 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 234 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 234 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 234 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 234 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 5 Jeff Jeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 8 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 235 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 2 Get get VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 3 smart smart JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 5 proxies proxy NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 7 RMI RMI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 236 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 237 1 JavaWorld JavaWorld NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 237 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 238 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 238 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 238 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 238 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 238 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 238 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 238 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 2 Henning Henning NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 4 Michi Michi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 6 Vinoski Vinoski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 8 Steve Steve NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 10 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 239 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 240 1 Advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 240 2 CORBA CORBA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 240 3 Programming program VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 240 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 240 5 C++ C++ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 240 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 241 1 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 241 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 241 3 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 241 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 242 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 242 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 242 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 242 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 242 5 0201379273 0201379273 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 242 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 243 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 243 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 243 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 243 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 243 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 5 fication fication NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 9 download download NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 244 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 245 1 www.hcltech.com www.hcltech.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-8197 245 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 246 1 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 246 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 246 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 2 Benslimane Benslimane NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 4 Djamal Djamal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 6 Schahram Schahram NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 7 Dustdar Dustdar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 9 Amit Amit NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 10 Sheth Sheth NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 12 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 247 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 2 Services Services NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 3 Mashups Mashups NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 7 Generation Generation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 9 Web Web NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 10 Applications Applications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 248 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 249 1 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 249 2 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 249 3 Computing Computing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 249 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 249 5 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 249 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 250 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 250 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 250 3 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-8197 250 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 251 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 251 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 252 1 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 252 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 252 3 Electrical Electrical NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 252 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 252 5 Electronics Electronics NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 252 6 Engineers Engineers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 252 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 253 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 253 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 254 1 13–15 13–15 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 254 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 10 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 255 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 256 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 256 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 256 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 256 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 256 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 256 6 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 256 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 2 Niccolai Niccolai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 8 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 10 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 14 So so RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 15 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 16 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 18 Enterprise Enterprise NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 19 Mashup Mashup NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 21 Anyway anyway RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 257 22 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 3 PC pc NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 6 Parr Parr NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 8 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 258 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 3 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 6 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 7 Media Media NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 259 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 260 1 Mashable mashable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 260 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 261 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 261 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 261 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 261 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 261 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 262 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 262 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 262 3 GET GET NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 262 4 trends trend NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 262 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 262 6 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 262 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 262 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 263 1 developer.twitter.com developer.twitter.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 263 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 264 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 264 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 264 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 264 4 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 264 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 264 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 264 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 265 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 265 2 Parnas Parnas NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 265 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 265 4 D.L. D.L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 266 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 266 2 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 266 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 266 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 4 Criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 5 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 6 Be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 7 Used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 9 Decomposing Decomposing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 10 Systems Systems NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 12 Modules Modules NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 15 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 267 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 268 1 Communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 268 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 268 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 268 4 ACM ACM NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 268 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 269 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 269 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 269 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 269 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 269 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 269 6 1053–1058 1053–1058 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 269 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 270 1 doi:10.1145/361598.361623 doi:10.1145/361598.361623 XX en-wikipedia-org-8197 270 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 271 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 271 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 271 3 53856438 53856438 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 271 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 2 Garlan Garlan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 6 Shaw Shaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 8 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 10 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 11 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 272 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 3 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 5 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 6 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 273 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 274 1 Advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 274 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 274 3 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 274 4 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 274 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 274 6 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 274 7 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 274 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 275 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 275 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 276 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 276 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 276 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 276 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 276 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 3 Ternay Ternay NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 5 Guerric Guerric NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 7 Oct Oct NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 8 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 10 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 277 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 2 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 3 Ecosystem Ecosystem NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 5 Creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 7 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 8 Moat Moat NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 278 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 279 1 BoostCompanies BoostCompanies NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 279 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 280 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 280 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 280 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 280 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 280 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 280 6 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 280 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 2 Boyd Boyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 8 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 10 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 281 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 2 Private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 4 Partner Partner NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 6 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 8 Which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 9 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 10 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 11 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 12 Best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 14 Business business NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 15 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 282 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 283 1 ProgrammableWeb ProgrammableWeb NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 283 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 284 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 284 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 284 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 284 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 284 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 2 Weissbrot Weissbrot NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 4 Alison Alison NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 6 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 285 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 2 Car car NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 3 Service service NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 5 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 6 Everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 8 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 9 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 10 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 12 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 13 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 14 Partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 15 Apps Apps NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 16 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 286 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 287 1 AdExchanger AdExchanger NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 287 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 288 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 288 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 288 3 Cloudflare Cloudflare NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 288 4 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 288 5 v4 v4 NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 288 6 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 288 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 288 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 289 1 cloudflare cloudflare NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 289 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 290 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 290 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 290 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 290 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 291 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 291 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 291 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 291 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 291 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 2 Liew Liew NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 4 Zell Zell NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 7 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 292 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 2 Car car NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 3 Service service NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 5 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 6 Everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 8 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 9 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 10 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 12 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 13 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 14 Partner Partner NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 15 Apps Apps NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 293 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 294 1 Smashing Smashing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 294 2 Magazine Magazine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 294 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 295 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 295 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 295 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 295 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 295 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 4 Shi Shi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 6 Lin Lin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 8 Zhong Zhong NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 10 Hao Hao NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 12 Xie Xie NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 14 Tao Tao NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 16 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 18 Mingshu Mingshu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 20 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 296 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 2 Empirical Empirical NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 3 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 5 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 7 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 8 Documentation Documentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 297 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 2 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 4 Fundamental Fundamental NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 5 Approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 7 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 8 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 298 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 299 1 Lecture Lecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 299 2 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 299 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 299 4 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 299 5 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 299 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 300 1 6603 6603 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 300 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 300 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 300 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 301 1 416–431 416–431 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 301 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 1 doi:10.1007/978 doi:10.1007/978 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 5 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 7 19811 19811 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 9 3_29 3_29 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 302 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 7 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 9 19810 19810 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 303 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 304 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 304 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 304 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 304 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 304 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 3 guava guava NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 5 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 6 - - : en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 7 Guava guava NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 9 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 10 Core Core NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 11 Libraries Libraries NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 13 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 14 1.6 1.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 15 + + CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 17 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 18 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 19 Hosting host VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 305 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 306 1 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 306 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 306 3 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 306 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 306 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 306 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 307 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 307 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 307 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 307 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 307 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 307 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 307 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 308 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-8197 308 2 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 308 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 6 Deprecate deprecate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 309 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 310 1 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 310 2 SE SE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 310 3 Documentation Documentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 310 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 311 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 311 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 311 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 311 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 311 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 2 Mendez Mendez NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 4 Diego Diego NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 6 Baudry Baudry NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 8 Benoit Benoit NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 10 Monperrus Monperrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 12 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 14 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 312 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 2 Empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 3 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 5 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 7 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 8 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 10 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 11 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 13 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 15 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 16 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 313 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 1 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 2 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 3 13th 13th NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 5 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 6 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 8 Source Source NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 9 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 10 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 12 Manipulation Manipulation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 14 SCAM SCAM NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 314 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 315 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 315 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 316 1 43–52 43–52 LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 316 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 317 1 arXiv:1307.4062 arXiv:1307.4062 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 317 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 317 3 doi:10.1109 doi:10.1109 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 317 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 317 5 SCAM.2013.6648183 SCAM.2013.6648183 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 317 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 7 4673 4673 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 9 5739 5739 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 318 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 319 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 319 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 319 3 6890739 6890739 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 319 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 2 Takanashi Takanashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 4 Dean Dean NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 320 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 2 Akamai Akamai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 4 Cybercriminals cybercriminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 6 attacking attack VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 7 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 9 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 10 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 11 firms firm NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 321 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 322 1 Venture Venture NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 322 2 Beat Beat NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 322 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 323 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 323 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 323 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 323 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 323 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 2 Dekel Dekel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 4 Uri Uri NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 6 Herbsleb Herbsleb NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 8 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 9 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 11 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 12 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 324 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 2 Improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 4 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 5 Usability Usability NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 7 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 8 Pushing Pushing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 325 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 1 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 3 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 6 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 8 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 9 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 326 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 327 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 327 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 327 3 10.1.1.446.4214 10.1.1.446.4214 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 327 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 2 Parnin Parnin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 4 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 6 Treude Treude NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 8 Cristoph Cristoph NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 10 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 328 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 2 Measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 3 API api NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 4 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 7 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 329 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 330 1 Web2SE web2se IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 330 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 330 3 25–30 25–30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 330 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 331 1 doi:10.1145/1984701.1984706 doi:10.1145/1984701.1984706 XX en-wikipedia-org-8197 331 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 332 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 332 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 332 3 9781450305952 9781450305952 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 332 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 333 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 333 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 333 3 17751901 17751901 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 333 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 334 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 334 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 334 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 334 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 334 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 2 Maalej Maalej NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 4 Waleed Waleed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 6 Robillard Robillard NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 8 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 9 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 11 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 335 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 2 Patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 4 Knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 6 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 7 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 8 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 336 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 337 1 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 337 2 Transactions transaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 337 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 337 4 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 337 5 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 337 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 338 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 338 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 338 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 338 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 338 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 2 Monperrus Monperrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 6 Eichberg Eichberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 8 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 10 Tekes Tekes NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 12 Elif Elif NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 14 Mezini Mezini NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 16 Mira Mira NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 18 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 19 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 20 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 339 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 340 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 340 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8197 340 3 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 340 4 developers developer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 340 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 340 6 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 340 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 340 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 2 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 6 directives directive NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 8 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 9 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 341 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 342 1 Empirical Empirical NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 342 2 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 342 3 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 342 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 343 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 343 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 343 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 343 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 343 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 343 6 703–737 703–737 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 343 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 1 arXiv:1205.6363 arXiv:1205.6363 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 3 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 5 s10664 s10664 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 7 011 011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 9 9186 9186 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 344 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 345 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 345 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 345 3 8174618 8174618 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 345 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 346 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 346 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 346 3 Annotations Annotations NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 346 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 346 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 347 1 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 347 2 Microsystems Microsystems NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 347 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 10 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 348 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 349 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 349 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 349 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 349 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 349 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 349 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 349 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 349 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 2 Bruch Bruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 4 Marcel Marcel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 6 Mezini Mezini NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 8 Mira Mira NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 10 Monperrus Monperrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 12 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 14 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 350 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 2 Mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 3 subclassing subclasse VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 4 directives directive NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 6 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 7 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 8 reuse reuse NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 351 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 2 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 3 IEEE IEEE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 4 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 5 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 7 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 8 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 9 Repositories Repositories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 11 MSR MSR NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 12 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 352 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 353 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 353 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 354 1 141–150 141–150 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 354 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 355 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 355 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 355 3 10.1.1.434.15 10.1.1.434.15 NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 355 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 355 5 doi:10.1109 doi:10.1109 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 355 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 355 7 msr.2010.5463347 msr.2010.5463347 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 355 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 7 4244 4244 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 9 6802 6802 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 356 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 357 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 357 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 357 3 1026918 1026918 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 357 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 3 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 6 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 8 Programming Programming NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 9 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 10 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 11 Know know VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 12 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 358 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 359 1 DrDobbs DrDobbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 359 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 360 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 360 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 360 3 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 360 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 360 5 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 360 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 361 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 361 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 361 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 361 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 361 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 361 6 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 361 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 3 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 4 Ca can MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 5 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 7 Copyrighted Copyrighted NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 8 Says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 9 Judge Judge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 11 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 12 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 362 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 363 1 TGDaily tgdaily RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 363 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 364 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 364 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 364 3 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 364 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 364 5 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 364 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 365 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 365 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 365 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 365 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 365 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 365 6 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 365 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 3 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 6 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 7 vs. vs. IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 8 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 9 Inc Inc NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 366 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 367 1 Wired wire VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 367 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 368 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 368 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 368 3 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 368 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 368 5 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 368 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 369 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 369 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 369 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 369 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 369 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 369 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 369 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 2 Rosenblatt Rosenblatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 4 Seth Seth NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 7 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 370 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 2 Court court NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 3 sides side NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 5 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 6 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 7 Android Android NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 9 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 10 patent patent NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 11 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 371 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 372 1 CNET CNET NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 372 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 373 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 373 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 373 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 373 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 373 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 373 6 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 373 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 3 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 4 beats beat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 5 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 7 Android Android NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 8 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 10 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 14 Java Java NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 15 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 374 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 375 1 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 375 2 Technica Technica NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 375 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 376 1 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 376 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 376 3 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 376 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 376 5 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 376 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 377 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 377 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 377 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 377 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 377 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 377 6 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 377 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 2 Decker Decker NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 4 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 7 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 9 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 378 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 2 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 3 Wins Wins NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 4 Revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 6 Billion Billion NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 8 Dollar Dollar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 9 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 10 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 11 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 379 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 380 1 Bloomberg Bloomberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 380 2 Businessweek Businessweek NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 380 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 381 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 381 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 381 3 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 381 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 381 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 381 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 2 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 4 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 6 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 7 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 9 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 382 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 2 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 3 asks ask VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 4 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 5 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 7 overrule overrule VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 8 disastrous disastrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 9 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 11 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 12 copyrights copyright NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 383 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 384 1 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 384 2 Technica Technica NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 384 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 385 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 385 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 385 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 385 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 385 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 385 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 4 Taina Taina NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 5 Bucher Bucher NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 7 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 8 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 386 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 2 Objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 4 Intense Intense NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 5 Feeling feeling NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 8 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 11 Twitter Twitter NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 12 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 387 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 388 1 Computational Computational NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 388 2 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 388 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 388 4 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 388 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 388 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 389 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 389 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 389 3 2047 2047 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 389 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 389 5 2390 2390 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 389 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 1 Argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 4 APIs api NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 6 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 8 neutral neutral JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 9 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 12 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 14 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 15 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 17 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 18 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 20 understood understand VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 23 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 24 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 26 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 390 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 4 Operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 5 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 6 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 7 Advocacy Advocacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 8 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 9 Forensic Forensic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 10 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 11 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 12 Hobbyist Hobbyist NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 13 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 14 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 15 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 16 Usage Usage NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 17 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 18 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 19 Disk Disk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 20 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 21 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 22 Distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 23 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 24 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 25 Embedded embed VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 26 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 27 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 28 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 29 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 30 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 31 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 32 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 33 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 34 Object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 36 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 37 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 38 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 39 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 41 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 42 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 43 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 44 Supercomputer Supercomputer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 45 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 46 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 47 Kernel Kernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 48 Architectures Architectures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 49 Exokernel Exokernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 50 Hybrid Hybrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 51 Microkernel Microkernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 52 Monolithic Monolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 53 vkernel vkernel NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 54 Rump rump JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 55 kernel kernel NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 56 Unikernel Unikernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 57 Components Components NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 58 Device Device NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 59 driver driver NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 60 Loadable loadable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 61 kernel kernel NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 62 module module NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 63 Microkernel Microkernel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 64 User User NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 65 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 66 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 67 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 68 Concepts Concepts NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 69 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 70 multitasking multitasking NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 72 Cooperative cooperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 74 Preemptive preemptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 76 Context context NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 77 switch switch NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 78 Interrupt Interrupt NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 79 IPC IPC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 80 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 81 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 82 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 83 block block NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 84 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 85 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 86 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 87 Thread Thread NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 88 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 89 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 90 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 91 Scheduling Scheduling NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 92 algorithms algorithm VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 93 Fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 94 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 95 priority priority NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 96 preemptive preemptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 97 Multilevel multilevel JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 98 feedback feedback NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 99 queue queue NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 100 Round Round NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 101 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 102 robin robin NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 103 Shortest Shortest NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 104 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 105 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 106 Memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 107 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 108 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 109 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 110 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 111 Bus Bus NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 112 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 113 General general JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 114 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 115 fault fault NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 116 Memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 117 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 118 Paging page VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 119 Protection Protection NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 120 ring re VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 121 Segmentation segmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 122 fault fault VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 123 Virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 124 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 125 Storage storage NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 126 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 127 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 128 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 129 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 130 Boot Boot NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 131 loader loader NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 132 Defragmentation Defragmentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 133 Device Device NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 134 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 135 File file NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 136 attribute attribute NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 137 Inode Inode NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 138 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 139 Partition Partition NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 140 Virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 141 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 142 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 143 Virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 144 tape tape NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 145 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 146 Supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 147 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 148 API API NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 149 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 150 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 151 HAL HAL NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 152 Live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 153 CD cd NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 154 Live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 155 USB usb NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 156 OS os NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 157 shell shell NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 158 CLI CLI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 159 GUI GUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 160 3D 3D MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 161 GUI GUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 162 NUI NUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 163 TUI TUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 164 VUI VUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 165 ZUI ZUI NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 166 PXE PXE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 167 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 168 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 169 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 170 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 171 cb13337425v cb13337425v ADD en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 172 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 173 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 174 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 175 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 176 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 177 4430243 4430243 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 178 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 179 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 180 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 181 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 182 sh98004527 sh98004527 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 183 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 184 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 185 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 186 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=API&oldid=993768268 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=API&oldid=993768268 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 187 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 188 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 189 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 190 Application application NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 191 programming programming NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 192 interfaces interface VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 193 Technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 194 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 195 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 196 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 197 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 198 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 199 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 200 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 201 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 202 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 203 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 204 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 205 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 206 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 207 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 208 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 209 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 210 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 211 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 212 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 213 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 214 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 215 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 216 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 217 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 218 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 219 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 220 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 221 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 222 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 223 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 224 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 225 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 226 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 227 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 228 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 229 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 230 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 231 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 232 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 233 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 234 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 235 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 236 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 237 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 238 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 239 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 240 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 241 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 242 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 243 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 244 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 245 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 246 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 247 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 248 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 249 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 250 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 251 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 252 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 253 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 254 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 255 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 256 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 257 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 258 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 259 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 260 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 261 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 262 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 263 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 264 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 265 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 266 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 267 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 268 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 269 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 270 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 271 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 272 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 273 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 274 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 275 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 276 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 277 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 278 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 279 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 280 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 281 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 282 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 283 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 284 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 285 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 286 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 287 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 288 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 289 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 290 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 291 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 292 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 293 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 294 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 295 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 296 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 297 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 298 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 299 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 300 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 301 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 302 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 303 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 304 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 305 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 306 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 307 Boarisch Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 308 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 309 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 310 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 311 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 312 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 313 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 314 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 315 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 316 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 317 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 318 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 319 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 320 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 321 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 322 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 323 हिन्दी हिन्दी IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 324 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 325 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 326 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 327 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 328 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 329 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 330 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 331 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 332 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 333 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 334 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 335 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 336 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 337 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 338 日本語 日本語 . en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 339 Nordfriisk Nordfriisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 340 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 341 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 342 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 343 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 344 Piemontèis Piemontèis NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 345 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 346 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 347 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 348 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 349 Shqip Shqip NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 350 Simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 351 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 352 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 353 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 354 کوردی کوردی NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 355 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 356 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 357 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 358 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 359 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 360 српскохрватски српскохрватски NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 361 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 362 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 363 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 364 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 365 ไทย ไทย NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 366 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 367 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 368 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 369 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 370 吴语 吴语 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 371 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 372 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 373 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 374 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 375 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 376 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 377 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 378 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 379 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 380 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 381 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 382 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 383 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 384 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 385 11:34 11:34 CD en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 386   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 387 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 388 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 389 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8197 391 390 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-8197 392 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 393 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 394 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-8197 395 13 statement statement NN