仁 - Wiktionary





	
	

	
	

	仁

	
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		See also: 忈

		仁	 U+4EC1, 仁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC1


		


	← 什
[U+4EC0]
	CJK Unified Ideographs
	仂 →
[U+4EC2]






Contents


	1 Translingual
	1.1 Han character
	1.1.1 Derived characters
	1.1.2 Descendants
	1.1.3 References






	2 Chinese
	2.1 Glyph origin
	2.2 Etymology
	2.3 Pronunciation
	2.4 Definitions
	2.5 Compounds
	2.6 References



	3 Japanese
	3.1 Kanji
	3.1.1 Readings
	3.1.2 Compounds



	3.2 Proper noun



	4 Korean
	4.1 Etymology
	4.2 Pronunciation
	4.3 Hanja
	4.3.1 Compounds



	4.4 References



	5 Vietnamese
	5.1 Han character
	5.1.1 References











Translingual[edit]

	Stroke order

	



Han character[edit]

仁 (radical 9,  人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人一一 (OMM), four-corner 21210, composition ⿰亻二)


Derived characters[edit]

	𣲚, 𣏴, 𭸹, 𥄰, 𫴮, 𠣒, 芢, 𬿎, 𦓍, 𡛉, 佞


Descendants[edit]

	に (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
	ニ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)


References[edit]

	KangXi:  page 91, character 7
	Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 349
	Dae Jaweon:  page 193, character 1
	Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition):  volume 1, page 107, character 1
	Unihan data for U+4EC1




Chinese[edit]

	simp. and trad.

	仁

	alternative forms
	𡰥
忎
忈



Glyph origin[edit]

	Historical forms of the character 仁

	Warring States
	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

	Bronze inscriptions
	Chu Slip and silk script
	Qin slip script
	Ancient script
	Small seal script
	Transcribed ancient scripts

	
	
	
	
	
	

	


Bronze inscriptions	


b12242












Small seal script	


s05656












Transcribed ancient scripts	


L31211







	


L31212







	


L31213







	


L31214







	


L31215







	


L31216







	


L31217







	


L31218








	


L04651







	


L04652







	


L04653







	


L04654







	


L04655











	

References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:


	Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
	Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
	Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
	Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).







Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003)  

	
	Old Chinese

	千
	*sn̥ʰiːn

	仟
	*sn̥ʰiːn

	芊
	*sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns

	阡
	*sn̥ʰiːn

	汘
	*sn̥ʰiːn

	迁
	*sn̥ʰiːn

	杄
	*sn̥ʰiːn

	人
	*njin

	仁
	*njin

	朲
	*njin

	佞
	*neːŋs






Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njin): phonetic 人 (OC *njin) + semantic 二


Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Tangkhul Naga ning (“mind”), Manipuri [script needed] (puk ning, “heart; mind”), Kinnauri [script needed] (stiŋ, “heart”), Garo taning (“brain”), Achang nhaiqlom (“heart”), Bisu [script needed] (nɯŋ ba, “heart”). Possibly related to Tibetan ཉིང (nying, “pith, essence”) (Schuessler, 2007).

For a parallel semantic development, compare Tibetan སྙིང་རྗེ (snying rje, “compassion; kindness; mercy”), from Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart; mind”).


Pronunciation[edit]





	Mandarin
	(Pinyin): rén (ren2)
	(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ


	Cantonese (Jyutping): jan4
	Min Nan
	(Hokkien, POJ): lîn / jîn
	(Teochew, Peng'im): ring5







	Mandarin
	(Standard Chinese)+
	Pinyin: rén
	Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ
	Wade–Giles: jên2
	Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren
	Tongyong Pinyin: rén
	Sinological IPA (key): /ʐən³⁵/




	Cantonese
	(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
	Jyutping: jan4
	Yale: yàhn
	Cantonese Pinyin: jan4
	Guangdong Romanization: yen4
	Sinological IPA (key): /jɐn²¹/




	Min Nan
	(Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
	Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn
	Tâi-lô: lîn
	Phofsit Daibuun: liin
	IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /lin²⁴/


	(Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
	Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn
	Tâi-lô: jîn
	Phofsit Daibuun: jiin
	IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑin¹³/
	IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑin²³/


	(Teochew)
	Peng'im: ring5
	Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jîng
	Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/











	



	Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪn/



	Rime

	Character
	仁

	Reading #
	1/1

	Initial (聲)
	日 (38)

	Final (韻)
	眞 (43)

	Tone (調)
	Level (Ø)

	Openness (開合)
	Open

	Division (等)
	III

	Fanqie
	如鄰切

	Reconstructions

	Zhengzhang
Shangfang
	/ȵiɪn/

	Pan
Wuyun
	/ȵin/

	Shao
Rongfen
	/ȵʑjen/

	Edwin
Pulleyblank
	/ȵin/

	Li
Rong
	/ȵiĕn/

	Wang
Li
	/ȵʑĭĕn/

	Bernard
Karlgren
	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/

	Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
	rén





	



	Old Chinese
	(Baxter–Sagart): /*niŋ/
	(Zhengzhang): /*njin/





	Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)

	Character
	仁

	Reading #
	1/1

	Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
	rén

	Middle
Chinese
	‹ nyin ›

	Old
Chinese
	/*niŋ/

	English
	kind

	
					Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:


					
					* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;

					* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;

					* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;

					* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;



					* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

					




	Zhengzhang system (2003)

	Character
	仁

	Reading #
	1/1

	No.
	10801

	Phonetic
component
	人

	Rime
group
	眞

	Rime
subdivision
	1

	Corresponding
MC rime
	仁

	Old
Chinese
	/*njin/







Definitions[edit]

仁


	compassionate
	humaneness; benevolence; kindness
	kernel
	白芝麻仁  ―  báizhīmárén  ―  white sesame seeds




Compounds[edit]


Derived terms from 仁


	
	一視同仁／一视同仁 (yīshìtóngrén)
	不仁 (bùrén)
	不仁不義／不仁不义
	亞麻仁油／亚麻仁油
	仁丹 (réndān)
	仁人 (rénrén)
	仁人君子 (rénrén jūnzǐ)
	仁人志士 (rénrénzhìshì)
	仁兄 (rénxiōng)
	仁厚 (rénhòu)
	仁君
	仁和坪 (Rénhépíng)
	仁壽／仁寿
	仁孝
	仁宇
	仁尊
	仁弟
	仁德 (réndé)
	仁心 (rénxīn)
	仁心仁術／仁心仁术 (rénxīnrénshù)
	仁恕
	仁惠
	仁愛／仁爱 (rén'ài)
	仁愛之家／仁爱之家
	仁慈 (réncí)
	仁政 (rénzhèng)
	仁昭法外
	仁智互見／仁智互见
	仁武 (Rénwǔ)
	仁民愛物／仁民爱物
	仁波切 (rénbōqiè)
	仁洽
	仁澤／仁泽
	仁王
	仁瑞
	仁福 (Rénfú)
	仁義／仁义 (rényì)
	仁義之師／仁义之师
	仁義道德／仁义道德 (rényì dàodé)
	仁者
	仁者樂山／仁者乐山
	仁聲／仁声
	仁至義盡／仁至义尽 (rénzhìyìjìn)


	
	
	仁術／仁术 (rénshù)
	仁言利博
	仁風／仁风
	依仁
	假仁假義／假仁假义
	冠道履仁
	剛愎不仁／刚愎不仁
	吉仁 (Jírén)
	同仁 (tóngrén)
	壯烈成仁／壮烈成仁
	大仁 (dàrén)
	大仁大義／大仁大义
	奉揚仁風／奉扬仁风
	婦人之仁／妇人之仁 (fùrénzhīrén)
	宅心仁厚
	宅心仁慈
	安仁鬢秋／安仁鬓秋
	宋襄之仁 (sòngxiāngzhīrén)
	寬仁大度／宽仁大度
	尸鳩之仁／尸鸠之仁
	居仁由義／居仁由义
	履仁蹈義／履仁蹈义
	巴仁 (Bārén)
	布德施仁
	志士仁人 (zhìshìrénrén)
	成仁 (chéngrén)
	成仁取義／成仁取义
	敦仁
	施仁布德
	施仁布恩
	施仁布澤／施仁布泽
	智仁勇
	杏仁 (xìngrén)
	杏仁槽
	杏仁油 (xìngrényóu)
	杏仁粉
	杏仁茶 (xìngrénchá)
	杏仁豆腐 (xìngrén dòufu)
	松仁
	果仁 (guǒrén)
	核仁 (hérén)
	桃仁 (táorén)


	
	
	欖仁樹／榄仁树
	止戈興仁／止戈兴仁
	歸仁／归仁 (Guīrén)
	殘暴不仁／残暴不仁 (cánbào bùrén)
	殷有三仁
	殺身成仁／杀身成仁 (shāshēnchéngrén)
	求仁得仁 (qiúréndérén)
	法外施仁
	為仁不富／为仁不富
	為富不仁／为富不仁 (wéifùbùrén)
	烏圖美仁／乌图美仁 (Wūtúměirén)
	煦仁孑義／煦仁孑义
	瓜仁
	瓜子仁
	當仁不讓／当仁不让 (dāngrénbùràng)
	發政施仁／发政施仁
	瞳仁 (tóngrén)
	知水仁山
	砂仁 (shārén)
	種仁／种仁
	積德累仁／积德累仁
	純仁／纯仁
	絕仁棄義／绝仁弃义
	美仁 (Měirén)
	義粟仁漿／义粟仁浆
	聖手仁心／圣手仁心
	能仁 (Néngrén)
	至仁
	興仁／兴仁 (Xīngrén)
	苡仁
	薏仁 (yìrén)
	薏苡仁 (yìyǐrén)
	蝦仁／虾仁 (xiārén)
	見仁見智／见仁见智 (jiànrénjiànzhì)
	見仁見知／见仁见知
	見智見仁／见智见仁
	觀過知仁／观过知仁
	達仁／达仁 (Dárén)
	里仁為美／里仁为美
	麻仁
	麻木不仁 (mámù bùrén)
	麻痺不仁／麻痹不仁







References[edit]

	“仁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–




Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]


See also: 
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 仁 



仁
(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

	benevolence


Readings[edit]

	Go-on: に (ni, Jōyō †); にん (nin)
	Kan-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
	Nanori: きみ (kimi); く (ku); さと (sato); しのぶ (shinobu); じ (ji); と (to); のり (nori); ひと (hito); ひとし (hitoshi); ひろ (hiro); ひろし (hiroshi); まこと (makoto); まさ (masa); まさし (masashi); やす (yasu); よし (yoshi)


Compounds[edit]


Compounds


	仁王(におう) (niō): the two guardian Deva kings
	仁義(じんぎ) (jingi): humanity and justice
	仁愛(じんあい) (jin'ai): benevolence, charity
	仁術(じんじゅつ) (jinjutsu): benevolence act
	仁義礼智信(じんぎれいちしん) (jingireichishin): the 5 Confucian virtues
	仁徳(じんとく) (jintoku): benevolence, goodness





Proper noun[edit]

仁(ひとし) or 仁(じん) or 仁(まさし) • (Hitoshi or Jin or Masashi) 


	A male given name




Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 仁 (MC ȵiɪn). Recorded as Middle Korean ᅀᅵᆫ (Yale: zin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.


Pronunciation[edit]

	(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [in]
	Phonetic hangeul: [인]


Hanja[edit]





Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:
仁





Wikisource

仁 (eumhun 어질 인 (eojil in))


	Hanja form? of 인 (“benevolence”).


Compounds[edit]


Compounds


	인덕 (仁德, indeok)
	인자 (仁慈, inja)
	인형 (仁兄, inhyeong)
	인의 (仁義, inui)
	인술 (仁術, insul)
	인애 (仁愛, inae)
	능인 (能仁, neung-in)
	인천 (仁川, Incheon)
	살신성인 (殺身成仁, salsinseong-in)





References[edit]

	국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]




Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

仁: Hán Nôm readings: nhân, nhơn



	benevolence


References[edit]

	Nom Foundation









Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=仁&oldid=61165396"


		Categories: 	CJK Unified Ideographs block
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	Grade 6 kanji
	Japanese kanji with kan'on reading じん
	Japanese kanji with goon reading に
	Japanese kanji with goon reading にん
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading きみ
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading く
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading さと
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading しのぶ
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading じ
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading と
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading のり
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひと
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひとし
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろし
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading まこと
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさ
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさし
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading やす
	Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし
	Japanese lemmas
	Japanese proper nouns
	Japanese words with multiple readings
	Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
	Japanese terms written with one Han script character
	Japanese terms spelled with 仁
	Japanese given names
	Japanese male given names
	Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
	Middle Korean Han characters
	Korean lemmas
	Korean Han characters
	Vietnamese lemmas
	Vietnamese Han characters


Hidden categories: 	Requests for native script for Manipuri terms
	Requests for native script for Kinnauri terms
	Requests for native script for Bisu terms
	Reference templates lacking the author or editor parameters
	Reference templates lacking the title parameter
	Japanese single-kanji terms
	Vietnamese Han character with unconfirmed readings




	





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