Ishq - Wikipedia Ishq From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the word Ishq. For other uses, see Ishq (disambiguation). Part of a series on Love Types of love Affection Bonding Broken heart Compassionate love Conjugal love Courtly love courtship troubadours Falling in love Friendship cross-sex romantic zone Interpersonal relationship Intimacy Limerence Love addiction Love at first sight Love triangle Lovesickness Lovestruck Obsessive love Passion Platonic love Puppy love Relationship Romance Self-love Amour de soi Unconditional love Unrequited love Social views Anarchist Free love Chinese Ren Yuanfen French Amour-propre Greek words for love Agape Eros Ludus Mania Philautia Philia Philos Pragma Storge Xenia Indian Kama Bhakti Maitrī Islamic Ishq Jewish Chesed Latin Amore Charity Portuguese Saudade Yaghan Mamihlapinatapai Concepts Color wheel theory of love Biological basis Love letter Love magic Valentine's Day Philosophy Religious views love deities Mere-exposure effect Similarity Physical attractiveness Triangular theory of love v t e Ishq (Arabic: عشق‎, ‘išq) is an Arabic word meaning "love" or "passion",[1] also widely used in other languages of the Muslim world and the Indian subcontinent. Part of a series on Islam Sufism Ideas Abdal Al-Insān al-Kāmil Baqaa Dervish Dhawq Fakir Fanaa Haal Haqiqa Ihsan Irfan Ishq Karamat Kashf Lataif Manzil Ma'rifa Nafs Nūr Qalandar Qutb Silsila Sufi cosmology Sufi metaphysics Sufi philosophy Sufi poetry Sufi psychology Salik Tazkiah Wali Yaqeen Practices Anasheed Dhikr Haḍra Muraqabah Qawwali Sama Whirling Ziyarat Sufi orders Sunni Rifa`i Qadiri Shadhili Naqshbandi Chishti Suhrawardi Khalwati Badawi Desuqi Ba 'Alawi Tijani Darqawi Idrisi Senusi Bayrami Jelveti Malamati Mouridi Sülaymaniyya Salihiyya Azeemia Shi'a Alians Bektashi Hurufi Ni'matullāhī Nuqtavi Qalandari Safavi Non-denominational Akbari Kubrawi Ashrafia Fultali Galibi Haqqani Anjuman Issawiyya Jerrahi Madari Maizbhandari Meivazhi Mevlevi Noorbakshia Shattari Uwaisi Zahedi Zikris List of sufis Notable early Notable modern Singers Topics in Sufism Tawhid Sharia Tariqa Haqiqa Ma'rifa Art History Music Persecution Shrines  Islam portal v t e The word ishq does not appear in the Quran, which instead uses derivatives of the verbal root habba (حَبَّ), such as the noun hubb (حُبّ). The word is traditionally derived from the verbal root ʿašaq "to stick, to cleave to" and connected to the noun ʿašaqah, which denotes a kind of ivy.[2] In its most common classical interpretation, ishq refers to the irresistible desire to obtain possession of the beloved (ma‘shuq), expressing a deficiency that the lover (‘āshiq) must remedy in order to reach perfection (kamāl).[1] Like the perfections of the soul and the body, love thus admits of hierarchical degrees, but its underlying reality is the aspiration to the beauty (al-husn) which God manifested in the world when he created Adam in his own image.[1] Islamic conception of love acquired further dimensions from the Greek-influenced view that the notions of Beauty, Good, and Truth (al-haqq) "go back to one indissoluble Unity (wahda)".[1] Among classical Muslim authors, the notion of love was developed along three conceptual lines, oftentimes conceived in an ascending hierarchical order: natural love, intellectual love and divine love.[1] The growth of affection (mawadda) into passionate love (ishq) received its most probing and realistic analysis in The Ring of the Dove by the Andalusian scholar Ibn Hazm.[1] The term ishq is used extensively in Sufi poetry and literature to describe their selfless and 'burning love for Allah'. It is the core concept in the doctrine of Islamic mysticism as it is the key to the connection between man and God. Ishq itself is sometimes held to have been the basis of 'creation'. Contents 1 Etymology 2 As a word in different languages 3 In Sufism 3.1 Ishq-e Majāzi 3.2 Ishq-e Rasūl or Ishq-e Muhammadi 3.3 Ishq-e Haqeeqi 4 See also 5 References Etymology[edit] Traditional Persian lexicographers considered the Persian ešq and Arabic ʿišq (عشق) to derive from the Arabic verbal root ʿašaq (عَشَق) "to stick, to cleave to". They connected the origin of the root to ʿašaqa (عَشَقَه), a kind of ivy, because it twines around and cleaves to trees (Zamaxšari, Tâj al-'arus).[2] Heydari-Malayeri suggests that (ʿišq) may have an Indo-European origin and may be related to Avestan words such as iš- "to wish, desire, search", and ultimately derive from *iška. The Avestan iš- also exists in Middle Persian in the form of išt "desire".[2] As a word in different languages[edit] In the most languages such as Dari: eshq; in Pashto: eshq‎; in Somali: caashaq or cishqi; in Turkish: aşk and in Azerbaijani: eşq, in modern Persian as ešq or eshgh عشق, it literally means "love".[2] Some scholars objected to the use of the term 'ishq' due to its association with sensual love but despite the linguistic, cultural or technical meanings, Sufis believe that 'ishq' can only be associated to the Divine.[3] The word ishq referred to traditional ghazals and Indo-Persian literary culture[4] and has made its way to many other languages which were influenced by Sufism. Some of the most notable languages which have this word are Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Arabic, Sindhi, Saraiki: عشق, Turkish: aşk, Azerbaijani: eşq, Bengali: এশ্ক, romanized: eshk and Punjabi: ਇਸ਼ਕ. In Persian, Ishq construed with the verbs "bākhtan باختن", "khāstan خواستن", "sanjīdan سنجیدن", "rūīdan روییدن", "nešāndan نشاندن", etc.[5] In Persian, "Āšeq عاشق" is the active participle (lover), "Ma'shūq معشوق" is the passive participle (beloved), and "Ma'shūqe معشوقه" conveys a vulgar meaning, whilst in Arabic it is the female passive participle of "Mā'shūq معشوق". In Urdu, Ishq (عشق) is used to refer to fervent love for any object, person or God. However, it is mostly used in its religious context. In Urdu, three very common religious terminologies have been derived from Ishq. These terminologies are Ishq-e-Haqīqi (love of Truth), Ishq-e majāzi (love of God's creation i.e. a human), and ishq-e rasūl / ishq-e Muhammadi (love of the Messenger / love of Muhammad). Other than these, in non-religious context, ‘ishq is a synonym for obsessive love. In Turkish, Aşk is commonly used to express love, passion or adoration. The Turkish version replaces the 'q' with a 'k', as Turkish lacks voiceless uvular plosive, and the letter 'ş' with the cedilla denotes the "sh" sound, /ʃ/. In comparison with Arabic or Urdu, (like Persian) the word is less restrictive and can be applied to many forms of love, or simply romance. It is common in the lyrics of Turkish songs. Ishq is also sometimes used in Hindi-language Bollywood movies which often borrow more formal, flowery and poetic words and language heavily from Urdu and Persian. The regular Hindi word for love is pyar. In Hindi, ʻIshq' (इश्क़) means lustless love.[4] In Arabic, it is a noun. However, in Urdu it is used as both verb and noun. In Modern Arabic the usual terms used for romantic love are habba and its derived forms hubb, habib, mahbub, etc.[2] In Sufism[edit] In religious context, Ishq, divided into three kinds, is a very important but rather complex concept of Sufi tradition of Islam. Ishq-e Majāzi[edit] Ishq-e Majāzi (Persian: عشق مجازی‎) literally means "metaphorical love". It refers to the love for God's creation i.e. love of a man for a woman or another man and vice versa. It is said to be generated by beloved person's external beauty but since it is connected to lust, it is against the law and considered unlawful. Hence, in Faqr, the term Ishq-e-Majazi is directed only towards Ishq-e-Murshid.[6] This love for one's Murshid eventually leads to love for Muhammad and eventually for God, upon which one that understands Ishq-e-Haqeeqi is in fact the source of all 'metaphorical love'. Ishq-e Rasūl or Ishq-e Muhammadi[edit] Ishq-e Rasūl (Persian: عشق رسول‎) means "love of Muhammad," an important part of being a Muslim. In Sufism, however, the Ishq-e-Majazi changes its form to Ishq-e-Rasool through the development of an intense feeling of Ishq for Muhammad. Every existent form of creation is in fact the slave of the Creator (in the sense of being subject to His will). Since Muhammad is the most beloved to Allah, the true Lover feels Ishq-e-Rasool till "the Prophet becomes dearer to him than his life, wives, children, house, business and everything else". (Sahih Bukhari and Muslim)[7] Many Sufis firmly believe that the souls of the entire creation were created from the soul of Muhammad. Hence, the purified soul of the Lover craves to return to him (similarly to the Platonic view of the fractured human soul and its desire to become whole). This is experienced at the level where the Lover witnesses the reflection of all the attributes of God within Muhammad. Ishq-e Haqeeqi[edit] Ishq-e Haqīqi (Persian: عشق حقیقی‎) literally means "the real love" i.e. "the love of God". It refers to the belief that only God is worth loving and He is the only one who can return His creature's love for Him.[8] The inner subtlety whose locus is the heart is felt by the true seeker of God only. According to this view, this is what differences man from beast because even beasts have senses, whereas inner sight is characteristic of humans. "And those who truly believe, love Allah intensely."[9] (Al-Baqarah 165) See also[edit] Sufism Agape Ashik Chesed Divine Love Metta References[edit] ^ a b c d e f Arkoun, M. (1997). "ʿIs̲h̲ḳ". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. 4 (2nd ed.). Brill. p. 119. ^ a b c d e M. Heydari-Malayeri On the origin of the word ešq ^ Ghazzali, Aaron Spevack, Fethullah Gülen (2012). Ghazali on the Principles of Islamic Spirituality: Selections from the Forty Foundations of Religion Annotated & Explained. SkyLight Paths Publishing. ISBN 9781594732843. ^ a b Ghazal Notes: Ishq ^ STEINGAS, Francis Joseph. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, عشق, Asian Educational Services, 1992, page 850. ^ Mohammad Najib ur Rehman, Hazrat Sakhi Sultan (11 March 2015). Ishq-e-Majazi (Metaphorical Love). Sultan ul Faqr Publications Regd. ISBN 9789699795183. ^ Muslim, Bukhari. "Hadith of Hazrat Mohammad pbuh". ^ Mohammad Najib ur Rehman, Hazrat Sakhi Sultan (11 March 2015). Ishq-e-Haqeeqi (Divine Love). Sultan ul Faqr Publications Regd. ISBN 9789699795183. ^ 7 Renowned Translations, Arabic to English Translation. "Al Baqarah (The Cow) 165". v t e Sufism terminology Sufis Abdal Ahl al-Khutwa [ar] Al-Insān al-Kāmil Dervish Fakir Hezzab [ar] Marabout Mudaqiq [ar] Muqaddam [ar] Murshid Mutahaqiq [ar] Murid Pasha Hezzab [ar] Pir Qalandar Qutb Rabbani [ar] Salik Sanad [ar] Sheikh Siddiq Sufis ranks [ar] The Seven ranks [ar] Wali Concepts Aayane [ar] Aayane Thabita [ar] Aql Baqaa Dhawq Fana Ghaflah Haal Hijab [ar] Ihsan Ishq Ismul Azam Lataif-e-Sitta Maqaam Nafs Qalb Ran [ar] Rouh [ar] Sadr [ar] Yaqeen Awrads Dhikr Djamaa [ar] Djoua [ar] Dua Ibara [ar] Ichara [ar] Latifa [ar] Muhasabah [ar] Muraqabah Sahar [ar] Samt [ar] Shuhud [ar] Sufism pillars [ar] Tafakur Tahara [ar] Tahlia [ar] Takhlia [ar] Tawajud [ar] Tawassul Tazkiah Uzla [ar] Wajd Wird Zuhd Waridates Barakah Basira [ar] Bast [ar] Djadba [ar] Fath [ar] Haqiqa Hidayah Ilham Irfan Ishrak Karamat Kashf Khatir [ar] Ma'rifa Nūr Qabdh [ar] Rabita [ar] Ru'ia [ar] Sirr [ar] Tajalli Uns [ar] Walayah Warid Misconducts Rahbaniya Shath Wihdat Shuhud [ar] Zandaqa Ceremonies Bay'ah Haḍra Hizb Ratib [ar] Salka [ar] Sebiba [ar] Silsila Tariqa Touiza [ar] Uziaa [ar] Waada [ar] Ziyarat Arts Nasheed Qawwali Sama Sufi cosmology Sufism history Sufi metaphysics Sufi music Sufis persecution Sufi philosophy Sufi poetry Sufi psychology Sufi whirling Places and objects Khalwa Khanqah Khirqa Kuttab Madrasa Mausoleum Misbaha Tekyeh Zawiya Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishq&oldid=993220510" Categories: Sufism Love Arabic words and phrases Hidden categories: Articles containing Arabic-language text Articles containing Persian-language text Articles containing Avestan-language text Articles containing Middle Persian-language text Articles containing Pashto-language text Articles containing Somali-language text Articles containing Turkish-language text Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text Articles containing Bengali-language text Instances of Lang-bn using second unnamed parameter Articles containing Punjabi-language text Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية فارسی ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پښتو Română Edit links This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 12:44 (UTC). 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