Grandiosity - Wikipedia Grandiosity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Unrealistic sense of superiority and of uniqueness Not to be confused with grandiose delusion or illusory superiority. In the field of psychology, the term grandiosity refers to an unrealistic sense of superiority, characterized by a sustained view of one's self as better than other people, which is expressed by disdainfully viewing them as inferior; and refers to a sense of personal uniqueness, the belief that few other people have anything in common with oneself, and that one can only be understood by a few, very special people.[1] The personality trait of grandiosity is principally associated with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), but also is a feature in the occurrence and expression of antisocial personality disorder, and the manic and hypomanic episodes of bipolar disorder.[2] Contents 1 Narcissist-Grandiose (oblivious) Subtype 2 In mania 3 In psychopathy 4 Reality-testing 5 Psychoanalysis and the grandiose self 6 Reactive Attachment Disorder 7 See also 8 References Narcissist-Grandiose (oblivious) Subtype[edit] Pathological grandiosity has been associated with one of the two subtypes of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (Gabbard, 1989).[3] Characteristics of the narcissist-grandiose subtype (as opposed to the narcissist-vulnerable subtype) include: Being labeled the “oblivious narcissists” as they are oblivious to the impact of their actions on others or how they are perceived. Devaluation and criticism of people that threaten self-esteem. More likely to regulate self-esteem through overt self-enhancement (over-claiming abilities or exaggerating situations to project superiority) Denial of weaknesses. Exaggeration of abilities. Controlling others whilst both belittling (criticizing) and taking credit for their actions. Inflated demands of entitlement, superiority ("Don't you know who I am?"). Exaggerated beliefs of self-importance, superiority, achievement, and ability; manipulative behaviors as well as expectations of obedience, admiration, and entitlement; and preoccupation with “fantasies about success, power, brilliance, beauty, or the perfect mate." Consistent anger when confronted with unmet expectations or any perceived slight or accountability for actions. Prone to easily exploding into rage, overreacting, and possibly even becoming aggressive whenever they feel attacked by even the slightest criticism. Blame shifts when accountable. Diminished awareness of the dissonance between their expectations and reality, along with the impact this has on relationships Overt presentation of grandiose fantasies, wealth, success, and status. Oblivious that expectations of entitlement (overspending, taking advantage) may make a poor impression on other people. Conflict within the environment is generally experienced as external to these individuals (i.e., not their fault), rather than as a measure of their own unrealistic expectations The differences between grandiose and vulnerable narcissist subtypes have been studied (Dickinson & Pincus, 2003):[4] This overall finding confirms past theory and research that suggests that these [grandiose subtype] individuals lack knowledge of the impact they have upon others, and thus, have an unrealistic view of themselves in relation to others (Gabbard, 1989, 1998; Kernberg, 1975; Kohut, 1971, 1977). Indeed, this very lack of insight into their impact upon others is what incited Gabbard (1989) to enlist the label “oblivious narcissists” to describe their social presentation and distinguish them from their vulnerable counterparts. Grandiose narcissistic individuals expect another’s immediate and undivided attention, and are oblivious to the effect their direct demands of entitlement have on others. And, by virtue of their ability to maintain the grandiose self through self-enhancement, grandiose narcissistic individuals are less susceptible than their vulnerable peers to the chronic emotional consequences of threats to entitled expectations (e.g., distress, lowered self-esteem, interpersonal fearfulness). The grandiosity section of the Diagnostic Interview for Narcissism (DIN) (Second edition) is as follows:[5] The person exaggerates talents, capacity, and achievements in an unrealistic way. The person believes their invulnerability or do not recognize their limitations. The person has grandiose fantasies. The person believes that they do not need other people. The person overexamines and downgrades other people, projects, statements, or dreams in an unrealistic manner. The person regards themselves as unique or special when compared to other people. The person regards themselves as generally superior to other people. The person behaves self-centeredly and/or self-referentially. The person behaves in a boastful or pretentious way. In mania[edit] In mania, grandiosity is typically more pro-active and aggressive than in narcissism. The manic character may boast of future achievements[6] or exaggerate their personal qualities.[7] They may also begin unrealistically ambitious undertakings, before being cut down, or cutting themselves back down, to size.[8] In psychopathy[edit] Grandiosity features in Factor 1 Facet 1:Interpersonal in the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) test.[9] Individuals endorsing this criterion appear arrogant and boastful, and may be unrealistically optimistic about their future. The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 also notes that persons with antisocial personality disorder often display an inflated self-image, and can appear excessively self-important, opinionated and cocky, and often hold others in contempt. Reality-testing[edit] A distinction is made between individuals exhibiting grandiosity, which includes a degree of insight into their unrealistic thoughts (they are aware that their behavior is considered unusual), in contrast to those experiencing grandiose delusions, who lack this capability for reality-testing. Some individuals may transition between these two states, with grandiose ideas initially developing as "daydreams" that the patient recognises as untrue, but which can subsequently turn into full delusions that the patient becomes convinced reflect reality.[10] Psychoanalysis and the grandiose self[edit] Otto Kernberg saw the unhealthily grandiose self as merging childhood feelings of specialness, personal ideals, and fantasies of an ideal parent.[11] Heinz Kohut saw the grandiose self as a normal part of the developmental process, only pathological when the grand and humble parts of the self became decisively divided.[12] Kohut's recommendations for dealing with the patient with a disordered grandiose self were to tolerate and so re-integrate the grandiosity with the realistic self.[13] Reactive Attachment Disorder[edit] The personality trait of grandiosity also is a component of the reactive attachment disorder (RAD), a severe and relatively uncommon attachment disorder that affects children.[14] The expression of RAD is characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating to other people in most social contexts, such as the persistent failure to initiate or to respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way, known as the "inhibited form" of reactive attachment disorder.[15][16] See also[edit] Ego ideal Ego reduction Egotism Narcissism Neville Symington Omnipotence Special snowflake Supremacism References[edit] ^ Elsa F. Ronningstam (2005). Identifying and Understanding the Narcissistic Personality. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-803396-7. ^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) American Psychiatric Association (2000) ^ Gabbard, G. O. (1989). "Narcissists divided into two sub types: vulnerable and grandiose". Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic (53): 527–532. ^ Dickinson, Kelly A.; Pincus, Aaron L. (2003). "Interpersonal Analysis of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism". Journal of Personality Disorders (17(3)): 188–207. ^ Gunderson J, Ronningstam E, Bodkin A. "The diagnostic interview for narcissistic patients". Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 676-80 (1990) ^ Goffman, Erving (1972). Relations in Public. Penguin. p. 421.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) ^ Goffman (1972), p. 413 & notes ^ Skynner, Robin; Cleese, John (1994). Families and how to survive them. London. pp. 168–69. ^ Harpur, TJ; Hare, RD; Hakstian, AR (1989). "Two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy: Construct validity and assessment implications". Psychological Assessment. 1 (1): 6–17. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.6. ^ Otto Fenichel, The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis (London 1946) pp. 421, 444 ^ Otto F. Kernberg, Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism (London 1990) p. 265 ^ Josephine Klein, Our Need for Others (London 1994) p. 222 ^ Allen M. Siegal, Heinz Kohut and the psychology of the Self (1996) p. 95 ^ Malia C. King. "Reactive Attachment Disorder: A Review" (PDF). Journal of Special Education. 1–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-01-01. ^ DSM-IV-TR (2000) American Psychiatric Association, p. 129. ^ Schechter DS, Willheim E (July 2009). "Disturbances of Attachment and Parental Psychopathology in Early Childhood". Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 18 (3): 665–686. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.03.001. PMC 2690512. PMID 19486844. v t e Narcissism Types Collective Egomania Flying monkeys Healthy Malignant Narcissistic personality disorder Spiritual Workplace Characteristics Betrayal Boasting Egocentrism Egotism Empathy (lack of) Envy Entitlement (exaggerated sense of) Fantasy Grandiosity Hubris Magical thinking Manipulative Narcissistic abuse Narcissistic elation Narcissistic rage and narcissistic injury Narcissistic mortification Narcissistic supply Narcissistic withdrawal Perfectionism Self-esteem Self-righteousness Shamelessness Superficial charm Superiority complex True self and false self Vanity Defences Denial Idealization and devaluation Distortion Projection Splitting Cultural phenomena Control freak Don Juanism Dorian Gray syndrome My way or the highway Selfie Related articles Codependency Counterdependency Dark triad Ego ideal "Egomania" (film) Egotheism Empire-building God complex History of narcissism Messiah complex Micromanagement Narcissism of small differences Narcissistic leadership Narcissistic parent Narcissistic Personality Inventory Narcissus (mythology) On Narcissism Sam Vaknin Self-love Self-serving bias Spoiled child The Culture of Narcissism Workplace bullying v t e Psychopathy Contexts In fiction In the workplace Characteristics Anti-social behaviour Bold Callous Diminished empathy Disinhibited Grandiose Impulsive Lack of guilt Manipulative Pathological lying Remorseless Shallow affect Superficially charming Related topics Antisocial personality disorder Conduct disorder Dark triad Flying monkeys History of psychopathy Juvenile delinquency Machiavellianism Macdonald triad Narcissism Psychopathic Personality Inventory Psychopathy Checklist Sadistic personality disorder Sexual sadism disorder Sociopathy Notable theorists Hervey M. Cleckley George E. Partridge Robert D. Hare Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grandiosity&oldid=963196684" Categories: Abnormal psychology Narcissism Psychopathy Hidden categories: CS1 maint: ref=harv Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية Español 日本語 Português Русский ไทย Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 18 June 2020, at 12:36 (UTC). 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