Encyclical - Wikipedia Encyclical From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Letter sent by the Pope and addressed to the Catholic bishops This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Encyclical" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from Late Latin encyclios (from Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐνκύκλιος enkyklios meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia). The term has been used by Catholics, Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox. Contents 1 Catholic usage 1.1 Papal use of encyclicals 1.2 Modern encyclicals by pope 2 Anglican usage 2.1 Important Anglican encyclicals 3 Important Eastern Orthodox encyclicals 4 Notes 5 Sources 6 External links Catholic usage[edit] Although the term "encyclical" originally simply meant a circulating letter, it acquired a more specific meaning within the context of the Catholic Church. In 1740, Pope Benedict XIV wrote a letter titled Ubi primum, which is generally regarded as the first encyclical in a modern sense. The term is now used almost exclusively for a kind of letter sent out by the Pope. For the modern Roman Catholic Church, a papal encyclical is a specific category of papal document, a kind of letter concerning Catholic doctrine, sent by the Pope and usually addressed especially to patriarchs, primates, archbishops and bishops who are in communion with the Holy See. The form of the address can vary widely, and may concern bishops in a particular area, or designate a wider audience. Papal encyclicals usually take the form of a papal brief due to their more personal nature as opposed to the formal papal bull. They are usually written in Latin and, like all papal documents, the title of the encyclical is usually taken from its first few words (its incipit). Papal use of encyclicals[edit] Within Catholicism in recent times, an encyclical is generally used for significant issues and is second in importance only to the highest ranking document now issued by popes, an Apostolic Constitution. However, the designation "encyclical" does not always denote such a degree of significance. The archives at the Vatican website currently classify certain early encyclicals as Apostolic Exhortations, a term generally applied to a type of document with a broader audience than the bishops alone. Pope Pius XII held that papal encyclicals, even when they are not of ordinary magisterium, can nonetheless be sufficiently authoritative to end theological debate on a particular question: It is not to be thought that what is set down in Encyclical letters does not demand assent in itself, because in this the popes do not exercise the supreme power of their magisterium. For these matters are taught by the ordinary magisterium, regarding which the following is pertinent: "He who heareth you, heareth Me." (Luke 10:16); and usually what is set forth and inculcated in Encyclical Letters, already pertains to Catholic doctrine. But if the Supreme Pontiffs in their acts, after due consideration, express an opinion on a hitherto controversial matter, it is clear to all that this matter, according to the mind and will of the same Pontiffs, cannot any longer be considered a question of free discussion among theologians.[1] Encyclicals indicate high papal priority for an issue at a given time. Pontiffs define when, and under which circumstances, encyclicals should be issued. They may choose to issue an apostolic constitution, bull, encyclical, apostolic letter or give a papal speech. Popes have differed on the use of encyclicals: on the issue of birth control and contraception, Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical Casti connubii, while Pope Pius XII gave a speech to midwives and the medical profession, clarifying the position of the church on the issue.[2] Pope Paul VI published an encyclical Humanae vitae on the same topic. On matters of war and peace, Pope Pius XII issued ten encyclicals, mostly after 1945, three of them protesting the Soviet invasion of Hungary in order to crack down on the Hungarian Revolution in 1956: Datis nuperrime, Sertum laetitiae and Luctuosissimi eventus. Pope Paul VI spoke about the war in Vietnam and Pope John Paul II, issued a protest against the war in Iraq using the medium of speeches. On social issues, Pope Leo XIII promulgated Rerum novarum (1891), which was followed by Quadragesimo anno (1931) of Pius XI and Centesimus annus (1991) of John Paul II. Pius XII spoke on the same topic to a consistory of cardinals, in his Christmas messages and to numerous academic and professional associations.[3] Modern encyclicals by pope[edit] Pope Term of papacy Encyclicals Texts Encyclicals of Pope Benedict XIV 1740–1758 Encyclicals of Pope Pius VI 1775–1799 27 Encyclicals of Pope Leo XII 1823–1829 4 Encyclicals of Pope Gregory XVI 1831–1846 9 Encyclicals of Pope Pius IX 1846–1878 38 Encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII 1878–1903 85 [1] Encyclicals of Pope Pius X 1903–1914 17 [2] Encyclicals of Pope Benedict XV 1914–1922 12 [3] Encyclicals of Pope Pius XI 1922–1939 31 [4] Encyclicals of Pope Pius XII 1939–1958 41 [5] Encyclicals of Pope John XXIII 1958–1963 8 [6] Encyclicals of Pope Paul VI 1963–1978 7 [7] Encyclicals of Pope John Paul II 1978–2005 14 [8] Encyclicals of Pope Benedict XVI 2005–2013 3 [9] Encyclicals of Pope Francis 2013–present 3 [10] Anglican usage[edit] Amongst Anglicans the term encyclical was revived in the late 19th century. It is applied to circular letters issued by the English primates. Important Anglican encyclicals[edit] Saepius officio (1897) in response to the Papal bull Apostolicae curae denying validity of Anglican orders Important Eastern Orthodox encyclicals[edit] Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs (1848) Patriarchal encyclical of 1895 Patriarchal encyclical of 1920 Patriarchal encyclical of 2012[4] Notes[edit] ^ Humani generis ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis, (AAS) 1951, 835, AAS 1958, 90, AAS 1941, 40, AAS 1952, 258 ^ Allocution to the Cardinals AAS 1946, 141, and, AAS 1952, 5, AAS 1955, 15; and, for example in his Christmas Message 1954, AAS, medical doctors on the use of modern weapons, AAS 1954, 587, farmers, AAS 1950, 251, fashion AAS 1957, 1011, human dignity, AAS 1951, 215, AAS 1957, 830 ^ Simon as, Marlise (3 December 2012). "Orthodox Leader Deepens Progressive Stance on Environment". New York Times. Retrieved 30 August 2017. Sources[edit] Acta Apostolicae Sedis, (AAS), Rome and Vatican City State, 1920–2007 The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd. ed.), p. 545. External links[edit] Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Encyclical. List of papal documents at the Theology Library Papal Encyclicals at GCatholic www.papalencyclicals.net, a source for etexts of most of the encyclicals from recent centuries v t e Papacy Episcopate of the bishop of Rome Jurisdiction Holy See (Full communion) Pope Francis as bishop of the Diocese of Rome Primacy History Vatican City (Index, Outline) enclaved in Rome, Italy Lateran Treaty 1929 along with extraterritorial properties of the Holy See Headquarters Vatican City: Apostolic Palace Papal apartments Sistine Chapel Cathedra: Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran Major basilicas Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran St. Peter's Basilica Basilica of Saint Mary Major Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls Titles Papal names His Holiness Bishop of Rome Vicar of Jesus Christ Successor of the Prince of the Apostles Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church Patriarch of the West Primate of Italy Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province Sovereign of the Vatican City State Servant of the servants of God Symbols Coats of arms Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City Cross Keys of Heaven Regalia and insignia Rota Umbraculum Proclamations Infallibility Apostolic constitution Bull List Encyclical Apostolic exhortation Ecclesiastical letter Interdict Activities Arbitration Deposition Blessing "Pontifical" Urbi et Orbi Conclave List Coronation Consistory Diplomacy Inauguration Mass High Mass Oath Travel Vestments Camauro Falda Fanon Ferula Flabellum Mantle Mitre Mozzetta Pallium Ring of the Fisherman Shoes Slippers Sub-cinctorium Tiara List Zucchetto Transportation Popemobile Sedia gestatoria Household Camerlengo Commander of the Swiss Guard Chaplain Palatinus Papal majordomo Gentlemen Preacher Prefect Prelate of Honour Prince assistant Theologian Staff College of Cardinals Cardinal List Roman Curia Apostolic Camera Commissions For Vatican City State Councils Congregations Dicasteries Synods Cappella Giulia Sistine Chapel Choir See also Papal nobility "Black" Orders of chivalry Pontifical academy Pontifical university in Rome Pontifical colleges in Rome Major Seminary Swiss Guard Papabile Canonised popes Legends  Vatican City portal  Catholic Church portal Authority control BNE: XX524502 BNF: cb119540078 (data) GND: 4136528-8 LCCN: sh85042996 NDL: 00576933 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclical&oldid=986173361" Categories: Papal encyclicals Christian genres Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles needing additional references from February 2012 All articles needing additional references Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Azərbaycanca Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎ Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara Français 한국어 Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Latina Lietuvių Limburgs Magyar മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska Tagalog Українська Vèneto 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 30 October 2020, at 07:05 (UTC). 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