id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 1 Contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 3 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 4 Contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 17 Disgust Disgust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 19 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 20 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 21 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 23 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 24 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 26 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 28 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 29 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 31 disambiguation disambiguation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 1 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 2 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 2 2 Disdain disdain NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 2 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 2 4 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 2 5 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 2 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 3 EP EP NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 5 Alien Alien NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 6 Huang Huang NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 9 Disdain Disdain NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 11 EP EP NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 3 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 2 picture picture NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 5 Ward Ward NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 7 arrested arrest VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 9 stealing steal VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 11 coin coin NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 15 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 17 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 18 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 4 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 6 Emotions Emotions NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 7 Acceptance Acceptance NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 8 Affection Affection NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 9 Amusement Amusement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 10 Anger Anger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 11 Angst Angst NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 12 Anguish Anguish NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 13 Annoyance Annoyance NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 14 Anticipation Anticipation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 15 Anxiety Anxiety NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 16 Apathy Apathy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 17 Arousal Arousal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 18 Awe Awe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 19 Boredom Boredom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 20 Confidence Confidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 21 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 22 Contentment Contentment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 23 Courage Courage NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 24 Curiosity Curiosity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 25 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 26 Desire Desire NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 27 Disappointment Disappointment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 28 Disgust Disgust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 29 Distrust Distrust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 30 Doubt doubt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 31 Ecstasy Ecstasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 32 Embarrassment Embarrassment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 33 Empathy Empathy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 34 Enthusiasm Enthusiasm NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 35 Envy Envy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 36 Euphoria Euphoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 37 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 38 Fear Fear NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 39 Frustration Frustration NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 40 Gratification Gratification NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 41 Gratitude Gratitude NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 42 Greed Greed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 43 Grief Grief NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 44 Guilt Guilt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 45 Happiness Happiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 46 Hatred Hatred NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 47 Hope Hope NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 48 Horror Horror NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 49 Hostility Hostility NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 50 Humiliation Humiliation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 51 Interest Interest NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 52 Jealousy Jealousy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 53 Joy Joy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 54 Kindness Kindness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 55 Loneliness Loneliness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 56 Love love VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 57 Lust lust NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 58 Nostalgia Nostalgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 59 Outrage Outrage NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 60 Panic Panic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 61 Passion passion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 62 Pity pity NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 63 Pleasure Pleasure NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 64 Pride Pride NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 65 Rage rage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 66 Regret Regret NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 67 Rejection rejection NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 68 Remorse remorse NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 69 Resentment Resentment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 70 Sadness Sadness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 71 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 73 pity pity NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 74 Shame shame NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 75 Shock shock NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 76 Shyness Shyness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 77 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 78 connection connection NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 79 Sorrow Sorrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 80 Suffering Suffering NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 81 Surprise Surprise NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 82 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 83 Wonder Wonder NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 84 Worry Worry NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 85 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 86 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 87 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 88 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 89 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 90 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 91 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 92 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 93 Léopold Léopold NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 94 Boilly Boilly NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 95 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 96 ca ca NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 5 97 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 6 1 1797 1797 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 6 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 6 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 2 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 5 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 8 prostitute prostitute NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 12 disdaining disdain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 14 inadequate inadequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 15 coin coin NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 16 proffered proffer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 19 fashionable fashionable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 20 gentleman gentleman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 21 getting get VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 23 shoes shoe NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 24 shined shine VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 26 left left NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 7 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 1 Contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 4 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 6 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 8 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 10 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 11 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 13 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 18 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 19 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 21 ideology ideology NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 26 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 28 disgust disgust NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 30 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 8 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 2 1][page 1][page CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 7 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 8 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 10 1393 1393 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 14 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 15 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 16 contemptus contemptus NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 17 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 19 scorn scorn JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 9 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 4 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 5 participle participle NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 7 contemnere contemnere RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 10 com- com- NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 11 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 12 prefix prefix NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 13 + + CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 14 temnere temnere RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 17 slight slight JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 19 scorn scorn VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 10 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 11 1 Contemptuous contemptuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 11 2 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 11 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 11 4 1529 1529 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 11 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 6 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 7 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 8 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 9 Ekman Ekman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 11 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 12 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 13 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 15 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 17 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 19 disgust disgust NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 21 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 23 happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 25 sadness sadness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 28 surprise surprise NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 12 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 1 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 2 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 3 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 4 places place VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 5 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 8 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 9 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 11 resentment resentment NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 13 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 16 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 17 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 20 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 23 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 25 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 26 resentment resentment NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 28 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 29 directed direct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 30 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 32 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 34 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 35 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 37 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 39 directed direct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 40 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 42 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 44 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 45 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 46 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 48 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 50 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 51 directed direct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 52 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 53 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 54 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 56 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 57 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 13 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 2 3][page 3][page CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 6 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 8 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 9 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 10 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 11 Characteristics Characteristics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 12 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 13 Defining define VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 14 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 15 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 16 Virtues Virtues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 17 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 18 Response response NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 19 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 20 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 22 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 23 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 24 Gender Gender NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 25 differences difference VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 26 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 27 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 28 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 29 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 30 Marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 31 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 32 Parental parental JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 33 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 34 6.5 6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 35 Stature stature NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 36 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 37 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 38 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 39 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 40 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 41 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 42 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 43 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 44 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 45 context[edit context[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 47 Facial facial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 48 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 50 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 51 Ekman Ekman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 53 Friesen Friesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 55 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 57 identified identify VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 58 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 59 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 60 facial facial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 61 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 62 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 63 observers observer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 64 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 65 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 66 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 67 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 69 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 70 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 71 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 72 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 73 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 74 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 76 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 77 signaled signal VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 78 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 14 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 5 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 7 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 8 Sumatra Sumatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 10 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 13 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 14 photos photo NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 16 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 18 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 21 Indonesian indonesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 22 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 15 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 2 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 4 classify classify VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 6 facial facial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 7 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 9 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 10 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 12 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 13 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 15 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 17 disgust disgust NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 19 happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 21 sadness sadness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 23 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 26 surprise surprise NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 27 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 29 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 30 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 32 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 33 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 35 universally universally RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 36 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 39 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 41 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 42 equating equate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 44 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 45 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 16 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 4 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 6 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 10 corner corner NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 13 lip lip NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 15 tightened tighten VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 17 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 18 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 21 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 24 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 27 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 28 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 29 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 31 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 32 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 33 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 35 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 37 signaled signal VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 38 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 40 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 41 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 42 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 43 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 44 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 45 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 47 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 48 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 51 outward outward JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 52 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 54 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 56 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 57 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 58 pointed point VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 59 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 60 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 61 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 63 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 64 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 65 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 66 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 67 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 68 contrasted contrast VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 69 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 70 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 71 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 72 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 17 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 1 Characteristics[edit characteristics[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 4 Ekman Ekman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 7 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 8 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 9 psychologist psychologist NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 11 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 12 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 13 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 16 universally universally RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 17 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 19 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 21 disgust disgust NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 23 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 25 joy joy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 27 sadness sadness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 30 surprise surprise NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 18 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 1 Findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 3 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 5 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 6 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 8 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 12 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 14 preliminary preliminary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 15 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 18 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 21 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 23 universally universally RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 24 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 19 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 6 1990s 1990 NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 7 Ekman Ekman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 8 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 10 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 11 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 13 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 16 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 17 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 18 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 20 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 4 Defining define VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 5 features[edit features[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 7 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 9 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 10 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 21 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 4 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 5 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 7 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 8 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 10 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 12 standing standing NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 15 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 17 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 22 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 2 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 4 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 5 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 7 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 10 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 13 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 15 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 16 failing failing NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 18 defect defect NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 21 contemned contemn VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 22 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 23 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 24 compromised compromise VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 27 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 28 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 29 vis vis FW en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 31 à à NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 33 vis vis FW en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 35 interpersonal interpersonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 36 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 39 contemptor contemptor NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 40 treats treat NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 42 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 23 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 3 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 6 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 7 deliberately deliberately RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 11 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 13 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 24 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 2 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 4 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 6 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 8 contemptuous contemptuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 10 classify classify VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 12 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 14 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 16 utterly utterly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 17 worthless worthless JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 22 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 23 meeting meet VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 25 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 26 interpersonal interpersonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 27 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 25 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 3 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 6 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 9 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 10 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 12 meet meet VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 14 interpersonal interpersonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 15 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 26 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 1 Contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 6 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 8 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 10 attending attend VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 13 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 15 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 19 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 21 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 22 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 24 unpleasant unpleasant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 25 affective affective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 26 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 27 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 3 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 6 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 9 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 10 visceral visceral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 11 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 12 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 14 disgust disgust NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 18 cool cool JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 19 disregard disregard NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 28 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 1 Facial facial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 2 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 3 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 4 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 5 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 6 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 9 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 10 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 11 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 29 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 2 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 3 Hume Hume NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 7 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 9 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 10 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 12 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 13 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 14 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 15 apprehending apprehend VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 17 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 18 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 19 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 20 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 22 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 23 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 26 really really RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 28 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 29 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 30 simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 31 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 33 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 34 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 35 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 36 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 38 ourselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 30 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 4 reflexive reflexive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 5 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 7 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 9 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 10 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 11 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 12 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 13 term term VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 15 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 16 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 17 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 19 feeling feel VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 20 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 23 contemptuous contemptuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 31 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 2 characteristic characteristic NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 4 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 7 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 8 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 10 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 12 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 13 feels feel VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 14 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 16 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 18 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 20 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 32 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 2 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 3 distancing distancing NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 6 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 7 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 9 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 10 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 12 nonidentification nonidentification NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 15 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 17 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 19 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 22 precludes preclude VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 23 sympathetic sympathetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 24 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 27 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 29 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 33 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 2 Hume hume UH en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 4 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 6 251 251 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 8 Contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 11 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 12 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 14 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 16 negatively negatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 18 comparatively comparatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 19 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 21 attending attend VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 23 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 27 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 28 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 29 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 32 interpersonal interpersonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 33 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 36 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 37 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 38 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 39 thinks think VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 41 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 34 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 2 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 4 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 5 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 7 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 8 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 11 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 13 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 35 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 4 Virtues[edit virtues[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 6 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 8 serve serve VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 10 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 11 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 14 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 15 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 36 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 2 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 4 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 5 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 7 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 8 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 9 breadth breadth NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 11 answers answer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 14 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 15 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 17 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 19 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 22 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 24 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 26 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 28 judging judge VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 29 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 32 rightness rightness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 34 wrongness wrongness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 37 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 39 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 41 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 43 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 45 resentment resentment NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 37 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 2 feeling feel VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 3 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 5 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 6 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 9 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 12 unethical unethical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 14 immoral immoral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 17 morally morally RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 18 unsavory unsavory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 20 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 22 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 23 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 27 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 29 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 30 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 33 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 34 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 38 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 2 8][page 8][page CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 6 Response[edit Response[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 9 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 10 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 12 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 13 lies lie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 14 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 15 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 16 publicized publicize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 17 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 19 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 20 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 23 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 24 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 26 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 27 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 29 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 31 C.H. C.H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 33 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 39 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 3 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 6 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 7 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 8 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 9 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 13 urge urge NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 15 openly openly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 16 confront confront VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 18 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 20 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 24 odds odd NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 26 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 27 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 29 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 30 try try VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 32 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 34 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 36 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 38 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 40 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 41 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 42 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 43 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 44 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 45 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 47 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 49 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 51 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 52 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 53 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 54 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 55 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 57 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 59 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 61 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 62 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 64 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 65 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 67 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 69 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 70 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 71 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 72 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 40 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 1 So so RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 2 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 3 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 5 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 7 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 10 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 13 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 15 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 16 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 18 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 19 want want VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 21 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 22 deal deal VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 25 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 27 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 41 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 2 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 4 experiencing experience VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 5 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 6 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 7 exhibit exhibit VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 8 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 9 affective affective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 10 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 14 labeled label VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 16 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 17 cold cold JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 18 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 19 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 21 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 22 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 24 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 27 experiencing experience VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 29 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 31 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 32 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 33 tend tend VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 35 alienate alienate VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 36 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 37 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 42 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 2 9][page 9][page CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 6 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 8 relationships[edit relationships[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 10 Gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 11 differences[edit differences[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 13 Men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 15 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 16 act act VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 17 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 19 displaying display VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 20 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 22 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 24 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 25 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 43 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 1 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 2 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 3 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 4 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 5 engage engage VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 7 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 8 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 10 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 11 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 13 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 14 aggression aggression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 16 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 17 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 19 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 20 dissembled dissemble VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 21 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 23 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 24 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 26 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 27 nicely nicely RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 29 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 30 mean mean JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 31 faces face NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 44 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 3 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 4 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 6 Underwood Underwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 12 laboratory laboratory NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 13 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 14 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 15 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 17 watch watch VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 18 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 20 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 23 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 24 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 25 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 28 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 29 friends friend NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 30 respond respond VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 33 provoking provoke VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 34 newcomer newcomer NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 36 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 37 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 38 emerge emerge VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 42 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 43 behaviours behaviour NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 45 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 48 nonverbal nonverbal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 49 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 51 disdain disdain NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 53 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 55 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 56 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 57 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 58 glaring glare VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 59 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 60 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 61 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 62 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 63 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 64 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 65 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 67 inter inter JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 68 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 69 coder coder JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 70 reliability reliability NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 71 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 72 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 73 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 75 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 77 kappa kappa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 78 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 79 exceeding exceeding NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 80 .8 .8 NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 81 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 82 Underwood Underwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 83 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 84 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 85 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 87 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 45 89 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 7 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 8 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 9 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 12 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 13 prone prone JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 15 conveying convey VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 16 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 18 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 20 nonverbal nonverbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 21 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 23 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 24 exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 46 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 2 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 6 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 8 socialized socialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 10 infancy infancy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 11 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 14 overtly overtly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 15 nice nice JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 17 conciliatory conciliatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 19 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 20 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 22 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 23 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 24 whenever whenever WRB en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 25 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 28 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 30 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 31 excluded exclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 33 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 35 disliked dislike VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 38 punished punish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 41 reviews review NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 43 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 44 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 46 Gilligan Gilligan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 48 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 50 Underwood Underwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 52 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 53 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 54 Zahn Zahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 56 Waxler Waxler NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 58 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 47 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 1 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 3 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 4 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 6 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 7 exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 11 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 12 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 13 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 15 harm harm VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 16 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 18 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 19 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 20 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 21 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 24 hurtful hurtful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 25 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 27 fleeting fleeting JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 29 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 30 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 32 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 33 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 35 victim victim NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 36 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 37 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 39 outside outside RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 42 watchful watchful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 43 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 45 adults adult NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 49 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 50 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 51 caught catch VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 53 mean mean JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 54 faces face NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 55 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 56 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 57 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 58 punished punish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 48 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 1 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 3 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 5 hurt hurt VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 7 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 8 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 9 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 11 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 12 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 14 exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 16 disdain disdain NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 17 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 18 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 20 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 21 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 22 gaze gaze VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 24 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 25 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 27 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 28 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 31 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 32 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 33 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 35 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 38 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 39 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 40 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 42 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 43 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 44 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 45 ’ ’ POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 46 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 48 desires desire NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 50 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 51 LaFrance LaFrance NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 53 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 55 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 56 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 57 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 59 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 60 Smile Smile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 61 boycotts boycotts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 63 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 64 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 65 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 66 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 68 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 69   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 70 319 319 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 49 72 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 2 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 4 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 5 gaze gaze VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 7 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 10 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 11 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 12 glares glare NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 15 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 18 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 20 wielding wielding NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 21 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 50 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 1 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 3 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 4 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 5 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 6 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 8 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 9 exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 12 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 14 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 15 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 17 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 18 involve involve VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 19 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 20 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 22 intimacy intimacy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 24 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 26 disclosure disclosure NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 28 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 29 Buhrmester Buhrmester NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 31 Prager Prager NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 33 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 37 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 40 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 41 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 42 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 43 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 45 exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 46 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 47 threatening threaten VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 51 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 1 Fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 3 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 4 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 5 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 6 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 8 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 9 exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 12 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 14 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 15 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 16 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 18 fiercely fiercely RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 19 desire desire VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 21 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 22 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 25 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 28 dread dread VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 29 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 30 labelled label VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 32 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 33 stuck stuck JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 34 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 35 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 37 Merten Merten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 39 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 52 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 4 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 5 responses[edit responses[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 8 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 11 Palo Palo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 12 Alto Alto NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 13 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 14 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 15 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 17 resolution resolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 19 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 20 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 21 discouraged discourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 22 elected elect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 23 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 25 facial facial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 26 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 27 conveying convey VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 28 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 30 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 31 meetings meeting NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 35 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 36 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 37 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 38 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 40 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 41 weary weary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 43 colleagues colleague NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 44 intimidating intimidate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 45 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 46 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 48 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 49 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 50 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 51 rude rude JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 52 facial facial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 53 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 53 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 4 Marriage[edit marriage[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 6 Research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 7 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 8 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 9 childhood childhood NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 10 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 11 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 13 maladaptive maladaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 14 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 15 dynamics dynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 16 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 18 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 20 laden laden JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 21 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 23 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 24 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 54 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 2 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 4 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 5 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 6 maladaptive maladaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 7 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 8 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 9 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 12 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 15 traumatic traumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 16 childhood childhood NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 17 experiences experience NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 18 translate translate VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 20 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 21 adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 22 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 23 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 55 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 1 Forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 3 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 4 aggression aggression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 8 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 10 belligerence belligerence NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 13 defensiveness defensiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 16 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 18 destructive destructive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 20 hostile hostile JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 21 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 23 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 24 resolution resolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 26 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 27 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 28 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 29 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 30 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 32 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 35 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 36 Straus Straus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 38 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 56 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 1 Couples couple NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 2 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 3 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 5 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 6 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 9 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 12 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 13 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 15 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 16 distress distress NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 18 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 20 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 23 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 24 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 26 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 27 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 29 Holman Holman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 31 Jarvis Jarvis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 33 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 37 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 38 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 40 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 41 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 43 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 44 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 45 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 46 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 47 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 49 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 50 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 52 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 53 Holman Holman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 55 Jarvis Jarvis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 57 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 58 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 60 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 61 DeMaris DeMaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 63 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 64 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 57 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 4 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 6 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 8 identified identify VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 9 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 10 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 13 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 14 indicative indicative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 16 distress distress NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 18 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 58 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 2 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 4 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 8 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 11 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 12 horsemen horseman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 15 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 17 cascading cascading NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 19 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 22 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 23 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 25 defensiveness defensiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 27 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 29 sarcasm sarcasm NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 31 hostility hostility NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 34 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 37 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 40 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 42 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 43 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 45 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 46 dissolution dissolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 59 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 4 Carstensen Carstensen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 6 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 9 Levenson Levenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 11 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 13 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 15 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 16 Negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 17 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 18 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 22 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 23 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 25 sadness sadness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 27 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 31 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 32 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 34 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 36 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 38 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 39 discriminator discriminator NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 40 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 41 satisfied satisfied JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 43 dissatisfied dissatisfied JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 44 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 45 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 60 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 1 Carstensen Carstensen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 3 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 6 Levenson Levenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 8 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 11 discovered discover VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 13 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 14 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 15 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 17 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 18 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 20 wives wife NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 22 coded code VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 24 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 25 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 26 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 27 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 29 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 30 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 32 anger anger NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 34 joy joy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 36 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 38 whining whine VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 41 sadness sadness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 43 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 44 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 45 supports support VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 47 stereotype stereotype NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 48 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 49 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 50 express express VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 51 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 52 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 53 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 54 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 55 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 57 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 60 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 61 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 3 supports support VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 5 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 7 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 9 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 10 expressive expressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 14 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 18 defensive defensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 19 minded minded JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 21 conversations conversation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 62 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 4 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 5 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 6 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 8 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 9 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 13 assess assess VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 14 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 15 component component JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 16 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 17 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 19 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 20 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 63 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 1 Specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 4 questionnaires questionnaire NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 5 assessed assess VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 6 Repair Repair NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 7 Attempts Attempts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 9 Accepting Accepting NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 10 Influence Influence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 12 Harsh Harsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 13 Start Start NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 15 Up Up NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 17 Flooding Flooding NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 19 Gridlock Gridlock NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 23 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 24 Horsemen Horsemen NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 64 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 2 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 3 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 5 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 6 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 10 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 12 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 13 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 16 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 18 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 19 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 20 adaptive adaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 22 maladaptive maladaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 23 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 24 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 27 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 28 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 29 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 31 couple couple NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 32 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 33 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 35 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 38 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 39 toxic toxic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 41 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 42 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 44 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 46 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 47 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 48 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 49 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 50 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 51 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 65 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 66 1 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 66 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 66 3 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 66 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 66 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 66 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 4 Finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 7 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 8 Horsemen Horsemen NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 9 create create VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 11 cascading cascade VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 12 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 14 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 18 partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 19 expresses express VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 20 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 24 partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 25 responds respond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 27 defensiveness defensiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 29 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 31 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 32 partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 34 react react VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 37 defensiveness defensiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 39 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 41 sarcasm sarcasm NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 43 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 44 hostility hostility NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 47 partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 49 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 50 withdrawing withdraw VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 51 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 53 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 54 stonewalling stonewalling NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 57 conversation conversation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 67 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 2 cascading cascading JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 3 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 4 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 5 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 6 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 9 repetitive repetitive NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 11 interlocking interlock VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 12 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 14 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 16 signify signify VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 18 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 19 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 21 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 22 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 24 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 25 dissolution dissolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 27 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 29 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 30 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 31 causal causal NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 32 pathway pathway NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 34 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 35 dissolution dissolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 37 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 38 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 39 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 68 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 6 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 7 Blink blink NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 10 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 12 Thinking think VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 13 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 14 Thinking thinking NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 16 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 17 Malcolm Malcolm NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 18 Gladwell Gladwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 19 discusses discuss VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 20 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 21 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 23 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 25 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 27 predict predict VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 29 couples couple NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 30 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 31 stay stay VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 32 married married JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 69 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 1 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 3 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 4 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 8 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 10 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 11 reactions reaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 14 destructive destructive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 17 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 19 defensiveness defensiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 21 stonewalling stonewalling NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 23 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 26 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 70 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 3 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 5 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 6 considers consider NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 7 contempt contempt VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 10 destructive destructive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 12 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 71 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 7 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 9 aggression aggression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 11 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 12 Horsemen Horsemen NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 13 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 15 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 16 predictors predictor NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 18 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 22 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 23 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 26 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 27 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 28 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 29 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 31 contemptuous contemptuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 32 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 72 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 3 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 5 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 9 contends contend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 11 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 12 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 13 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 15 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 16 toxic toxic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 19 erode erode VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 20 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 21 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 23 Cornelius Cornelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 24 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 25 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 73 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 74 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 74 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 74 3 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 74 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 74 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 74 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 2 13][15 13][15 LS en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 4 Parental Parental NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 5 relationships[edit relationships[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 8 abusive abusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 9 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 11 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 13 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 16 abusive abusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 17 parent parent NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 19 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 20 contemptuous contemptuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 21 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 22 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 24 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 27 vice vice NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 28 versa versa RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 75 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 5 Stature[edit Stature[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 7 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 8 feel feel VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 9 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 10 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 12 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 13 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 14 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 17 distant distant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 18 proximity proximity NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 22 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 23 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 25 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 26 combinations combination NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 76 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 4 Distant distant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 5 Close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 6 Powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 7 Fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 8 Envy Envy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 9 Powerless Powerless NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 10 Contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 11 Compassion Compassion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 12 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 13 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 15 Contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 17 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 18 Moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 19 emotions emotion VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 20 Pejorative Pejorative NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 21 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 24 TenHouten TenHouten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 77 26 W.D. W.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 78 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 78 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 78 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 78 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 79 1 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 79 2 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 79 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 79 4 Emotions Emotions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 79 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 79 6 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 79 7 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 79 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 80 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 80 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 81 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9261 81 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 81 3 Contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 81 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 82 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 82 2 n.d n.d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 82 3 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 82 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 82 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 82 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 83 1 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 83 2 Etymology Etymology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 83 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 83 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 84 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 84 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 84 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 84 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 84 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 84 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 85 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 85 2 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 85 3 R.C. R.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 86 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 86 2 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 86 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 86 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 2 Passions Passions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 4 Emotions Emotions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 7 Meaning Meaning NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 9 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 87 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 88 1 Hackett Hackett NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 88 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 88 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 89 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 89 2 Ekman Ekman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 89 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 89 4 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 89 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 89 6 Heider Heider NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 89 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 89 8 K.G. K.G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 90 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 90 2 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 90 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 90 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 3 Universality Universality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 5 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 6 Expression Expression NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 9 Replication Replication NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 91 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 92 1 Motivation Motivation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 92 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 92 3 Emotion Emotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 92 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 93 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 93 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 93 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 93 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 93 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 93 6 303–308 303–308 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 93 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 94 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 94 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 94 3 bf00993116 bf00993116 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 94 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 2 Ekman Ekman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 6 Friesen Friesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 8 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 9 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 11 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 95 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 2 repertoire repertoire NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 4 nonverbal nonverbal CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 5 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 7 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 9 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 11 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 14 encoding encode VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 96 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 97 1 Semiotica Semiotica NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 97 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 97 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 97 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 97 5 49–98 49–98 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 97 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 98 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 98 2 Ekman Ekman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 98 3 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 98 4 Heider Heider NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 98 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 98 6 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 98 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 98 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 3 Universality universality NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 6 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 7 Expression Expression NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 10 Replication Replication NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 99 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 100 1 Motivation Motivation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 100 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 100 3 Emotion Emotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 100 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 101 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 101 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 101 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 101 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 101 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 101 6 303–308 303–308 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 101 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 102 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 102 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 102 3 bf00993116 bf00993116 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 102 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 4 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 6 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 103 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 3 Woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 5 Scorn Scorn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 7 Toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 9 Feminist Feminist NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 10 Defense Defense NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 12 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 15 Moral Moral NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 16 Emotion Emotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 104 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 105 1 Hypatia Hypatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 105 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 106 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 106 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 106 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 106 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 106 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 106 6 80–93 80–93 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 106 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 107 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 107 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 107 3 j.1527 j.1527 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 107 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 107 5 2001.2005.tb00537.x 2001.2005.tb00537.x CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 107 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 108 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 108 2 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 108 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 108 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 108 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 108 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 108 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 108 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 1 Hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 2 Feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 5 Moral Moral NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 6 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 8 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 109 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 110 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 110 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 110 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 110 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 3 0199794146 0199794146 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 4 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 5 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 7 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 8 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 10 2035 2035 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 111 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 112 1 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9261 112 2 dare dare VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 112 3 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 112 4 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-9261 113 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 113 2 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 113 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 113 4 indignation indignation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 113 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 114 1 Manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 114 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 114 3 preparation preparation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 114 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 114 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 114 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 114 7 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 114 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 4 Underwood Underwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 6 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 7 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 115 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 116 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 116 2 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 116 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 1 Glares glare NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 3 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 5 Eye Eye NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 6 Rolls Rolls NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 8 Disgust Disgust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 10 Turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 11 Away away RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 13 Exclude exclude VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 15 Non Non NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 17 Verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 18 Forms Forms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 20 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 21 Aggression Aggression NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 22 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 23 Girls Girls NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 117 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 118 1 Feminism Feminism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 118 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 118 3 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 118 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 119 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 119 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 119 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 119 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 119 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 119 6 371–375 371–375 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 119 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 120 1 doi:10.1177/0959353504044637 doi:10.1177/0959353504044637 NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 120 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 3 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 4 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 5 Allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 6 Frowning frown VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 9 Daily Daily NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 10 Southtown Southtown NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 12 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 14 Krivickas Krivickas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 16 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 17 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 19 Sanchez Sanchez NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 21 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 22 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 24 Kenney Kenney NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 26 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 27 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 29 Wright Wright NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 31 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 32 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 34 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 121 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 2 Fiery fiery JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 3 wives wife NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 5 icy icy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 6 husbands husband NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 8 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 10 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 11 counseling counseling NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 13 covenant covenant NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 14 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 16 buffers buffer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 17 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 18 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 20 childhood childhood NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 21 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 23 gendered gendere VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 24 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 25 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 26 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 122 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 123 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 123 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 123 3 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 123 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 1 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 6 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 8 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 10 j.ssresearch.2010.05.003 j.ssresearch.2010.05.003 NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 124 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 6 Cornelius Cornelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 8 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 9 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 11 Shorey Shorey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 13 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 14 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 16 Beebe Beebe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 18 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 19 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 21 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 125 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 2 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 4 Reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 5 Communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 6 Variables variable NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 8 Dating Dating NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 9 Violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 11 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 12 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 14 Marital Marital NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 15 Communication Communication NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 16 Conceptualization Conceptualization NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 126 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 127 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 127 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 127 3 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 127 4 Violence Violence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 127 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 6 439 439 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 8 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 10 s10896 s10896 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 12 010 010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 14 9305 9305 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 16 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 128 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 2 Carstensen Carstensen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 5 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 7 Gottman Gottman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 9 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 10 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 12 Levenson Levenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 14 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 15 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 17 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 129 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 2 Emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 3 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 5 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 7 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 8 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 130 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 131 1 Psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 131 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 131 3 Aging aging NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 131 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 132 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 132 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 132 3 140–149 140–149 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 132 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 133 1 doi:10.1037/0882 doi:10.1037/0882 NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 133 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 133 3 7974.10.1.140 7974.10.1.140 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 133 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 4 Gladwell Gladwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 6 Malcolm Malcolm NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 134 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 135 1 Blink blink NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 135 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 1 Back Back NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 2 Bay Bay NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 3 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 4 imprint imprint VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 6 Little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 8 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 10 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 136 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 137 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 137 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 138 1 32–33 32–33 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 138 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 7 316 316 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 9 01066 01066 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 139 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 8 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 140 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 141 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 141 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 141 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 141 4 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 141 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 141 6 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 141 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 2 Beaumont Beaumont NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 4 Leland Leland NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 7 Emotional Emotional NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 8 Competency Competency NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 142 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 143 1 www.emotionalcompetency.com www.emotionalcompetency.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-9261 143 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 144 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 144 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 144 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 144 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 144 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 4 Look look VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 5 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 6 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 8 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 12 dictionary dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 145 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 146 1 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 146 2 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 146 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 146 4 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 146 5 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 146 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 146 7 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 146 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 4 Emotions Emotions NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 6 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 8 Emotions Emotions NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 9 Acceptance Acceptance NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 10 Adoration Adoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 11 Aesthetic Aesthetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 12 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 13 Affection Affection NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 14 Agitation Agitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 15 Agony Agony NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 16 Amusement Amusement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 17 Anger Anger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 18 Angst Angst NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 19 Anguish Anguish NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 20 Annoyance Annoyance NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 21 Anticipation Anticipation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 22 Anxiety Anxiety NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 23 Apathy Apathy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 24 Arousal Arousal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 25 Attraction Attraction NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 26 Awe Awe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 27 Boredom Boredom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 28 Calmness Calmness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 29 Compassion Compassion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 30 Confidence Confidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 31 Contempt Contempt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 32 Contentment Contentment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 33 Courage Courage NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 34 Cruelty Cruelty NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 35 Curiosity Curiosity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 36 Defeat Defeat NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 37 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 38 Desire Desire NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 39 Despair despair NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 40 Disappointment disappointment NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 41 Disgust Disgust MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 42 Distrust distrust NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 43 Ecstasy Ecstasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 44 Embarrassment Embarrassment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 45 Vicarious Vicarious NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 46 Empathy Empathy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 47 Enthrallment Enthrallment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 48 Enthusiasm Enthusiasm NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 49 Envy Envy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 50 Euphoria Euphoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 51 Excitement Excitement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 52 Fear Fear NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 53 Flow Flow NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 55 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 57 Frustration Frustration NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 58 Gratification Gratification NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 59 Gratitude Gratitude NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 60 Greed Greed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 61 Grief Grief NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 62 Guilt Guilt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 63 Happiness Happiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 64 Hatred Hatred NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 65 Hiraeth Hiraeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 66 Homesickness Homesickness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 67 Hope Hope NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 68 Horror Horror NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 69 Hostility Hostility NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 70 Humiliation Humiliation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 71 Hygge Hygge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 72 Hysteria Hysteria NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 73 Indulgence Indulgence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 74 Infatuation Infatuation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 75 Insecurity Insecurity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 76 Inspiration Inspiration NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 77 Interest Interest NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 78 Irritation Irritation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 79 Isolation isolation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 80 Jealousy jealousy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 81 Joy Joy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 82 Kindness Kindness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 83 Loneliness Loneliness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 84 Longing Longing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 85 Love love NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 86 Limerence Limerence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 87 Lust Lust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 88 Mono Mono NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 89 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 90 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 91 Neglect Neglect NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 92 Nostalgia Nostalgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 93 Outrage Outrage NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 94 Panic Panic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 95 Passion Passion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 96 Pity Pity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 97 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 98 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 99 pity pity NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 100 Pleasure Pleasure NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 101 Pride Pride NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 102 Grandiosity Grandiosity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 103 Hubris Hubris NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 104 Insult Insult NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 105 Vanity Vanity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 106 Rage rage NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 107 Regret Regret NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 108 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 109 connection connection NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 110 Rejection rejection NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 111 Remorse Remorse NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 112 Resentment Resentment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 113 Sadness Sadness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 114 Melancholy Melancholy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 115 Saudade Saudade NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 116 Schadenfreude Schadenfreude NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 117 Sehnsucht Sehnsucht NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 118 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 119 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 120 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 121 Sentimentality Sentimentality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 122 Shame Shame NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 123 Shock Shock NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 124 Shyness Shyness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 125 Sorrow Sorrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 126 Spite spite NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 127 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 128 Suffering Suffering NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 129 Surprise Surprise NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 130 Sympathy Sympathy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 131 Tenseness Tenseness NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 132 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 133 Wonder Wonder NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 134 Worry worry NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 135 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 136 views view VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 137 Cynicism Cynicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 138 Defeatism Defeatism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 139 Nihilism Nihilism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 140 Optimism Optimism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 141 Pessimism Pessimism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 142 Reclusion Reclusion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 143 Weltschmerz Weltschmerz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 144 Related Related NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 145 Affect Affect NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 146 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 147 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 148 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 149 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 150 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 151 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 152 Affective affective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 153 computing computing NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 154 forecasting forecasting NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 155 neuroscience neuroscience NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 156 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 157 spectrum spectrum NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 158 Affectivity Affectivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 159 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 160 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 161 Appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 162 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 163 emotion emotion VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 164 Emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 165 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 166 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 167 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 168 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 169 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 170 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 171 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 172 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 173 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 174 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 175 expressed express VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 176 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 177 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 178 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 179 homeostatic homeostatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 180 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 181 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 182 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 183 conversation conversation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 184 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 185 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 186 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 187 interpersonal interpersonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 188 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 189 Emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 190 aperture aperture NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 191 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 192 blackmail blackmail VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 193 competence competence NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 194 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 195 contagion contagion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 196 detachment detachment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 197 dysregulation dysregulation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 198 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 199 exhaustion exhaustion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 200 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 201 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 202 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 203 bullying bully VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 204 intimacy intimacy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 205 isolation isolation NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 206 lability lability NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 207 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 208 lateralization lateralization NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 209 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 210 prosody prosody NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 211 reasoning reason VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 212 responsivity responsivity NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 213 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 214 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 215 symbiosis symbiosis NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 216 well well NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 217 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 218 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 219 Emotionality Emotionality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 220 bounded bound VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 221 Emotions Emotions NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 222 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 223 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 224 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 225 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 226 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 227 making making NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 228 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 229 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 230 workplace workplace NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 231 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 232 virtual virtual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 233 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 234 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 235 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 236 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 237 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 238 conscious conscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 239 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 240 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 241 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 242 sociology sociology NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 243 Feeling Feeling NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 244 Gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 245 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 246 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 247 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 248 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 249 affective affective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 250 tone tone NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 251 Interactions Interactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 252 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 253 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 254 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 255 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 256 executive executive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 257 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 258 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 259 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 260 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 261 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 262 Pathognomy Pathognomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 263 Pathos Pathos NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 264 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 265 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 266 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 267 Stoic stoic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 268 passions passion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 269 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 270 affect affect VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 271 appraisal appraisal NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 272 discrete discrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 273 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 274 somatic somatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 275 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 276 constructed construct VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 277 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 278 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 279 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 280 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 281 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contempt&oldid=991748507 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contempt&oldid=991748507 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 282 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 283 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 284 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 285 Emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 286 Morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 287 Moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 288 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 289 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 290 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 291 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 292 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 293 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 294 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 295 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 296 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 297 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 298 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 299 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 300 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 301 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 302 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 303 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 304 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 305 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 306 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 307 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 308 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 309 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 310 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 311 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 312 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 313 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 314 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 315 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 316 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 317 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 318 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 319 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 320 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 321 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 322 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 323 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 324 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 325 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 326 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 327 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 328 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 329 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 330 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 331 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 332 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 333 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 334 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 335 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 336 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 337 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 338 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 339 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 340 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 341 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 342 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 343 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 344 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 345 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 346 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 347 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 348 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 349 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 350 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 351 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 352 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 353 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 354 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 355 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 356 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 357 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 358 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 359 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 360 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 361 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 362 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 363 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 364 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 365 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 366 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 367 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 368 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 369 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 370 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 371 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 372 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 373 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 374 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 375 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 376 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 377 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 378 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 379 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 380 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 381 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 382 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 383 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 384 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 385 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 386 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 387 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 388 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 389 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 390 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 391 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 392 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 393 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 394 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 395 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 396 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 397 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 398 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 399 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 400 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 401 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 402 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 403 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 404 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 405 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 406 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 407 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 408 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 409 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 410 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 411 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 412 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 413 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 414 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 415 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 416 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 417 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 418 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 419 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 420 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 421 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 422 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 423 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 424 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 425 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 426 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 427 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 428 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 429 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 430 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 431 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 432 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 433 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 434 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 435 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 436 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 437 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 438 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 439 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 440 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 441 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 442 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 443 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 444 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 445 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 446 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 447 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 448 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 449 16:54 16:54 CD en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 450   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 451 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 452 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 453 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9261 147 454 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-9261 148 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 149 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 150 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9261 151 13 statement statement NN