id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-528 1 1 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 1 3 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 4 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-528 1 17 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-528 1 18 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 1 20 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 1 22 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 1 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 1 25 macrolanguage macrolanguage NN en-wikipedia-org-528 1 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 1 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 2 2 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 2 3 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 2 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 2 5 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 2 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 2 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 2 8 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 2 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 2 10 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-528 2 11 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 2 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 2 13 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 2 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 2 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 3 1 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 3 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 4 اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ‎ اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 5 al-ʿarabiyyah al-ʿarabiyyah NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 6 Al-ʿArabiyyah Al-ʿArabiyyah NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 8 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 9 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 11 Naskh Naskh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 12 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 14 Pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 15 /ˈʕarabiː/ /ˈʕarabiː/ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 17 /alʕaraˈbijːa/ /alʕaraˈbijːa/ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 18 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 21 Countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 24 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 25 League League NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 27 minorities minority NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 29 neighboring neighboring NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 30 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 3 32 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 33 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 35 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 37 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 39 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 40 Ethnicity Ethnicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 41 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 43 Arab Arab NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 3 45 Berbers Berbers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 47 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 3 49 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 51 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 52 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 53 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 54 speakers speaker VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 55 310 310 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 56 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 58 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 59 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 60   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 62 2011–2016)[1 2011–2016)[1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 63 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 64 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 65 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 66 L2 l2 JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 67 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 69 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 71 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 73 Arabic[1 Arabic[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 74 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 75 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 76 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 77 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 78 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 3 79 Asiatic asiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 80 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 81 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 82 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 83 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 84 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 85 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 86 Arabian Arabian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 87 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 88 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 89 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 90 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 91 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 3 92 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 93 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 94 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 95 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 96 Hijazi Hijazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 97 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 98 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 99 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 100 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 101 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 102 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 103 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 104 Dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 105 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 106 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 107 Maghrebi Maghrebi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 108 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 109 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 110 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 111 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 112 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 113 Mesopotamian Mesopotamian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 115 Levantine Levantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 116 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 117 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 118 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 119 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 120 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 121 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 122 Hejazi Hejazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 123 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 124 Najdi Najdi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 125 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 3 126 Yemeni yemeni JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 127 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 128 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 3 129 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 130 •Arabic •Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 131 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 132 •Arabic •Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 133 Braille Braille NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 134 •Arabizi •Arabizi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 135 Signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 136 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 137 Signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 138 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 139 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 140 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 141 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 142 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 143 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 144 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 145 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 146 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 147 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 148   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 149 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 150 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 151 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 152 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 153 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 154 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 155 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 156 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 157 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 158 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 159 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 160 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 3 161 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 162 disputed dispute VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 163 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 164 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 3 165 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 166 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 167 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 168 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 169 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 170 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 3 171 French[2 French[2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 172 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 173 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 174   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 175 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 176   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 177 Bahrain Bahrain NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 178   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 179 Comoros Comoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 180   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 181 Chad Chad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 182   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 183 Djibouti Djibouti NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 184   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 185 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 186   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 187 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 188   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 189 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 190   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 191 Kuwait Kuwait NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 192   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 193 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 194   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 195 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 196   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 197 Mauritania Mauritania NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 198   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 199 Morocco Morocco NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 200   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 201 Oman Oman NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 202   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 203 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 204   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 205 Qatar Qatar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 206   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 207 Saudi Saudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 208 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 209   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 210 Somalia Somalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 211   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 212 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 213   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 214 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 215   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 216 Tunisia Tunisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 217   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 218 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 219 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 220 Emirates Emirates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 221   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 222 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 223   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 224 Zanzibar Zanzibar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 225 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 226   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 227 Tanzania Tanzania NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 228 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 229   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 230 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 231 Sahara Sahara NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 232 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 233 disputed dispute VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 234 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 235 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 236 Organizations Organizations NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 237 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 238 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 239 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 240 League League NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 241 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 242 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 243 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 244 Cooperation Cooperation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 245 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 246 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 247 Recognised recognise VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 248 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 249 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 250   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 251 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 252 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 253 Brunei Brunei NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 254 Ceuta Ceuta NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 255 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 256 Eritrea Eritrea NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 257 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 258 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 259 Mali Mali NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 260 Melilla Melilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 261 Niger Niger NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 262 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 263 Senegal Senegal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 264 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 265 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 266 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 267 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 268 Regulated regulate VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 269   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 270 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 271 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 272 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 273 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 274 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 275 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 276 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 277 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 278 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 279 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 280 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 281 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 282 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 283 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 284 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 285 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 286 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 287 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 288 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 289 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 290 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 291 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 292 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 293 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 294 Cairo Cairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 295 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 296 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 297 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 298 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 299 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 300 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 301 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 302 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 303 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 304 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 305 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 306 Iraqi Iraqi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 307 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 308 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 309 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 310 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 311 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 312 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 313 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 314 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 315 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 316 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 317 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 318 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 319 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 320 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 321 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 322 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 323 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 324 Jamahiriya Jamahiriya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 325 Morocco Morocco NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 326 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 327 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 328 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 329 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 330 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 331 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 332 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 333 Rabat Rabat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 334 Saudi Saudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 335 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 336 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 337 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 338 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 339 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 340 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 341 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 342 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 343 Riyadh Riyadh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 344 Somalia Somalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 345 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 346 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 347 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 348 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 349 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 350 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 351 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 352 Mogadishu Mogadishu NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 353 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 354 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 355 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 356 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 357 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 358 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 359 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 360 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 361 Khartoum Khartoum NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 362 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 363 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 364 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 365 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 366 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 367 Damascus Damascus NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 368 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 369 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 3 370 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 371 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 3 372 Tunisia Tunisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 373 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 374 Beit Beit NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 375 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 376 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 3 377 Hikma Hikma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 378 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 379 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 380 codes code VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 381 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 382 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 383 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 3 384 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 385 ar ar NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 386 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 387 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 388 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 3 389 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 390 ara ara NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 391 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 392 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 393 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 3 394 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 3 395 ara ara NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 396 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 397 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 398 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 399 Individual Individual NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 400 codes code NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 3 401 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 402 arq arq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 403   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 404 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 405   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 406 Algerian algerian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 407 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 408 aao aao NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 409   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 410 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 411   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 412 Algerian Algerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 413 Saharan Saharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 414 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 415 bbz bbz NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 416   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 417 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 418   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 419 Babalia Babalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 420 Creole Creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 421 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 422 abv abv VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 423   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 424 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 425   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 426 Baharna Baharna NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 427 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 428 shu shu NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 429   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 430 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 431   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 432 Chadian chadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 433 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 434 acy acy NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 435   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 436 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 437   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 438 Cypriot Cypriot NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 439 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 440 adf adf NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 441   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 442 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 443   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 444 Dhofari Dhofari NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 445 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 446 avl avl NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 447   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 448 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 449   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 450 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 451 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 452 Bedawi Bedawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 453 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 454 arz arz NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 455   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 456 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 457   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 458 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 459 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 460 afb afb NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 461   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 462 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 463   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 464 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 465 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 466 ayh ayh NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 467   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 468 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 469   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 470 Hadrami Hadrami NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 471 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 472 acw acw NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 473   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 474 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 475   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 476 Hijazi Hijazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 477 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 478 ayl ayl NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 479   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 480 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 481   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 482 Libyan libyan JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 483 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 3 484 acm acm NN en-wikipedia-org-528 3 485   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 486 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 3 487   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 3 488 Mesopotamian Mesopotamian NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-528 24 151 Writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-528 24 152 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-528 24 153 12.1 12.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 24 154 Calligraphy Calligraphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 24 155 12.2 12.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 24 156 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 24 157 12.3 12.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 24 158 Numerals Numerals NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 24 159 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 24 160 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 24 161 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 24 162 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 24 163 regulators regulator NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 24 164 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 24 165 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 24 166 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 24 167 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 24 168 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 24 169 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 24 170 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 24 171 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 24 172 and and CC 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IN en-wikipedia-org-528 25 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 25 11 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 25 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 25 13 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-528 25 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 25 15 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 16 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 25 18 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 19 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 25 21 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 22 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 25 24 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 25 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 25 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 25 28 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 25 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 25 30 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 25 32 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 33 , , , 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en-wikipedia-org-528 25 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 25 58 Ethiopic Ethiopic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 25 60 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 61 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 62 Arabian Arabian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 25 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 25 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 25 65 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 25 66 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 25 67 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 25 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 25 69 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 25 70 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 25 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 26 1 Linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 26 2 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-528 26 3 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 26 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 26 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 26 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 26 7 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 26 8 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-528 26 9 of of IN 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-RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 236 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 236 65 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 236 66 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 236 67 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 236 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 237 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-528 237 2 Iraqi iraqi JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 237 3 aku aku NN en-wikipedia-org-528 237 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 237 5 Levantine Levantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 237 6 fīh fīh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 237 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 237 8 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 237 9 African African NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 237 10 kayən kayən VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 237 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 237 12 mean mean VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 237 13 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 237 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-528 237 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 237 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 237 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 237 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 237 19 all all DT 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238 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 238 5 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 238 6 IPA ipa JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 238 7 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-528 238 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 238 9 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-528 238 10 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 238 11 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 238 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 238 13 ignored ignore VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 238 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 238 15 easier easy JJR en-wikipedia-org-528 238 16 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-528 238 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 239 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-528 239 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 239 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 239 4 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 239 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 239 6 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 239 7 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 239 8 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 239 9 differs differ NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 239 10 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 239 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 239 12 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-528 239 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 239 14 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-528 239 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 240 1 Variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 2 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 3 love love VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 4 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 240 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 240 6 lot lot NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 7 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-528 240 8 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 9 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 240 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 240 12 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 13 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 14 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 240 15 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-528 240 16 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-528 240 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-528 240 18 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 19 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 20 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 21 wanted want VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 240 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 240 23 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-528 240 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 240 25 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 26 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 240 28 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 30 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 240 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 32 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 33 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 34 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 36 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 37 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 39 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 40 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 42 أحب أحب NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 43 القراءة القراءة NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 44 كثيرا‎ كثيرا‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 45 عندما عندما NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 46 ذهبت ذهبت NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 47 إلى إلى NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 48 المكتبة‎ المكتبة‎ POS en-wikipedia-org-528 240 49 لم لم NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 50 أجد أجد NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 51 هذا هذا NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 52 الكتاب الكتاب NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 53 القديم‎ القديم‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 54 كنت كنت NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 55 أريد أريد NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 56 أن أن IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 57 أقرأ أقرأ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 58 كتابا كتابا NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 59 عن عن NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 60 تاريخ تاريخ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 61 المرأة المرأة NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 62 في في NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 63 فرنسا‎ فرنسا‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 64 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 65 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 66 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 67 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 68 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 70 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 71 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 240 72 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 240 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 74 أُحِبُّ أُحِبُّ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 75 ٱلْقِرَاءَةَ ٱلْقِرَاءَةَ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 76 كَثِيرًا‎ كَثِيرًا‎ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 77 عِنْدَمَا عِنْدَمَا NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 78 ذَهَبْتُ ذَهَبْتُ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 79 إِلَى إِلَى DT en-wikipedia-org-528 240 80 ٱلْمَكْتَبَةِ‎ ٱلْمَكْتَبَةِ‎ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 81 لَمْ لَمْ IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 82 أَجِد أَجِد NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 83 هٰذَا هٰذَا NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 240 84 ٱلْكِتَابَ ٱلْكِتَابَ XX en-wikipedia-org-528 240 85 ٱلْقَدِيمَ‎ ٱلْقَدِيمَ‎ , en-wikipedia-org-528 240 86 كُنْتُ كُنْتُ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 87 أُرِيدُ أُرِيدُ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 88 أَنْ أَنْ NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 240 89 أَقْرَأَ أَقْرَأَ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 90 كِتَابًا كِتَابًا NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 91 عَنْ عَنْ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 92 تَارِيخِ تَارِيخِ VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 93 ٱلْمَرْأَةِ ٱلْمَرْأَةِ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 94 فِي فِي NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 95 فَرَنْسَا‎ فَرَنْسَا‎ CD en-wikipedia-org-528 240 96 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 97 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 98 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 99 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 100 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 240 101 poetic poetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 102 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-528 240 103 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 104 ʔuħibːu‿lqirˤaːʔata ʔuħibːu‿lqirˤaːʔata NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 105 kaθiːrˤaː kaθiːrˤaː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 106 ʕĩndamaː ʕĩndamaː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 107 ðahabᵊtu ðahabᵊtu NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 108 ʔila‿lmaktabah ʔila‿lmaktabah CD en-wikipedia-org-528 240 109 lam lam NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 110 ʔaɟidᵊ ʔaɟidᵊ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 111 haːða‿lkitaːba‿lqadiːm haːða‿lkitaːba‿lqadiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 112 kũntu kũntu NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 113 ʔuriːdu ʔuriːdu NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 114 ʔan ʔan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 115 ʔaqᵊrˤaʔa ʔaqᵊrˤaʔa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 116 kitaːban kitaːban NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 117 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 118 taːriːχi‿lmarˤʔati taːriːχi‿lmarˤʔati NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 119 fiː fiː NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 120 farˤãnsaː farˤãnsaː JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 121 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 122 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 123 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 124 ʔuħibːu‿lqiraːʔa ʔuħibːu‿lqiraːʔa NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 125 kaθiːran kaθiːran NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 126 ʕindamaː ʕindamaː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 127 ðahabt ðahabt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 128 ʔila‿lmaktaba ʔila‿lmaktaba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 129 lam lam IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 130 ʔad͡ʒid ʔad͡ʒid NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 131 haːða‿lkitaːba‿lqadiːm haːða‿lkitaːba‿lqadiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 132 kunt kunt NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 133 ʔuriːd ʔuriːd VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 240 134 ʔan ʔan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 135 ʔaqraʔ ʔaqraʔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 136 kitaːban kitaːban NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 137 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 138 taːriːχi‿lmarʔa taːriːχi‿lmarʔa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 139 fiː fiː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 140 faransaː faransaː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 141 Yemeni Yemeni NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 142 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 143 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 144 Sanaa Sanaa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 145 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 146 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 147 bajn bajn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 148 aħibː aħibː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 149 ilgiraːji(h ilgiraːji(h NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 150 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 151 gawi gawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 152 law law NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 153 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 154 sirt sirt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 155 saˈla‿lmaktabih saˈla‿lmaktabih NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 156 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 157 lige lige NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 158 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 240 159 tʃ tʃ VB en-wikipedia-org-528 240 160 ðajji‿lkitaːb ðajji‿lkitaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 161 ilgadiːm ilgadiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 162 kunt kunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 163 aʃti aʃti NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 240 164 ʔagra ʔagra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 165 kitaːb kitaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 166 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 167 taːriːx taːriːx NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 168 ilmari(h ilmari(h NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 169 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 170 wastˤ wastˤ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 171 faraːnsa faraːnsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 172 Jordanian Jordanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 173 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 174 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 175 Amman Amman NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 176 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 177 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 178 baħib baħib NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 179 ligraːje ligraːje NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 180 kθiːr kθiːr NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 181 lamːa lamːa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 182 ruħt ruħt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 183 ʕalmaktabe ʕalmaktabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 184 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 185 lageːtʃ lageːtʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 186 haliktaːb haliktaːb VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 240 187 ilgadiːm ilgadiːm NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 188 kaːn kaːn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 189 bidːi bidːi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 190 ʔaqra ʔaqra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 191 ktaːb ktaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 192 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 193 taːriːx taːriːx NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 194 ilmara ilmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 195 fi fi IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 196 faransa faransa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 197 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 198 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 199 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 200 Kuwait Kuwait NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 201 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 202 aːna aːna VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 203 waːjid waːjid NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 204 aħibː aħibː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 205 aɡra aɡra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 206 lamːan lamːan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 207 riħt riħt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 208 ilmaktaba ilmaktaba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 209 maː maː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 210 liɡeːt liɡeːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 211 halkitaːb halkitaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 212 ilgadiːm ilgadiːm NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 213 kint kint NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 214 abi‿(j)aɡra abi‿(j)aɡra ADD en-wikipedia-org-528 240 215 kitaːb kitaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 216 ʕan ʕan NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 217 taːriːx taːriːx NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 218 ilħariːm‿(i)bfaransa ilħariːm‿(i)bfaransa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 219 Gələt Gələt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 220 Mesopotamian Mesopotamian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 221 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 222 Baghdad Baghdad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 223 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 224 aːni‿(j)aħub aːni‿(j)aħub NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 225 luqraːja luqraːja NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 226 kulːiʃ kulːiʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 227 lamːan lamːan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 228 riħit riħit NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 229 lilmaktabˤɛː lilmaktabˤɛː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 230 maː maː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 231 liɡeːt liɡeːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 232 haːða haːða NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 233 liktaːb liktaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 234 ilgadiːm ilgadiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 235 ridit ridit NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 236 aqra aqra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 237 ktaːb ktaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 238 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 239 taːriːx taːriːx NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 240 inːiswaːn‿(u)bfransɛː inːiswaːn‿(u)bfransɛː . en-wikipedia-org-528 240 241 Hejazi Hejazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 242 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 243 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 244 Medina Medina NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 245 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 246 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 247 marːa marːa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 248 ʔaħubː ʔaħubː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 249 alɡiraːja alɡiraːja NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 250 lamːa lamːa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 251 ruħt ruħt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 252 almaktaba almaktaba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 253 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 254 liɡiːt liɡiːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 255 haːda haːda NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 256 lkitaːb lkitaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 257 alɡadiːm alɡadiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 258 kunt kunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 259 abɣa abɣa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 260 ʔaɡra ʔaɡra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 261 kitaːb kitaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 262 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 263 taːriːx taːriːx NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 264 alħariːm alħariːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 265 fi fi IN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 266 faransa faransa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 267 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 268 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 269 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 270 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 271 Damascus Damascus NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 272 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 273 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 274 ktiːr ktiːr NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 275 bħəb bħəb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 276 ləʔraːje ləʔraːje NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 277 lamːa lamːa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 278 rəħt rəħt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 279 ʕalmaktabe ʕalmaktabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 280 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 281 laʔeːt laʔeːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 282 haləktaːb haləktaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 283 əlʔadiːm əlʔadiːm NN en-wikipedia-org-528 240 284 kaːn kaːn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 285 badːi badːi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 286 ʔra ʔra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 287 ktaːb ktaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 288 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 289 taːriːx taːriːx NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 290 əlmara əlmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 291 bfraːnsa bfraːnsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 292 Lebanese lebanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 240 293 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 294 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 240 295 Beirut Beirut NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 240 296 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 240 297 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 241 1 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 2 ktiːr ktiːr NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 3 bħib bħib NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 4 liʔreːji liʔreːji NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 5 lamːa lamːa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 6 riħit riħit NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 7 ʕalmaktabi ʕalmaktabi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 8 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 9 lʔeːt lʔeːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 10 halikteːb halikteːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 11 liʔdiːm liʔdiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 12 keːn keːn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 13 badːi badːi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 14 ʔra ʔra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 15 kteːb kteːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 16 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 17 teːriːx teːriːx NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 18 ilmara ilmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 19 bfraːnsa bfraːnsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 20 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 21 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 241 23 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 241 25 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 26 baħib baħib NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 27 liʔraːje liʔraːje NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 28 ktiːr ktiːr NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 29 lamːa lamːa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 30 ruħt ruħt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 31 ʕalmaktabe ʕalmaktabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 32 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 33 laʔeːtʃ laʔeːtʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 34 haliktaːb haliktaːb VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 241 35 ilʔadiːm ilʔadiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 36 kaːn kaːn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 37 bidːi bidːi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 38 ʔaʔra ʔaʔra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 39 ktaːb ktaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 40 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 41 taːriːx taːriːx NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 42 ilmara ilmara NN en-wikipedia-org-528 241 43 fi fi IN en-wikipedia-org-528 241 44 faransa faransa NN en-wikipedia-org-528 241 45 Rural Rural NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 46 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 241 48 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 49 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 241 51 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 52 baħib baħib NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 53 likraːje likraːje NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 54 kθiːr kθiːr NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 55 lamːa lamːa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 56 ruħt ruħt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 57 ʕalmatʃtabe ʕalmatʃtabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 58 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 59 lakeːtʃ lakeːtʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 60 halitʃtaːb halitʃtaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 61 ilkadiːm ilkadiːm VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 241 62 kaːn kaːn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 63 bidːi bidːi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 64 ʔakra ʔakra NN en-wikipedia-org-528 241 65 tʃtaːb tʃtaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 66 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 67 taːriːx taːriːx NN en-wikipedia-org-528 241 68 ilmara ilmara NN en-wikipedia-org-528 241 69 fi fi IN en-wikipedia-org-528 241 70 faransa faransa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 71 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 72 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 241 73 metropolitan metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 74 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 241 75 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 76 baħebː baħebː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 77 elʔeraːja elʔeraːja NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 78 ʔawi ʔawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 79 lamːa lamːa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 80 roħt roħt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 81 elmakˈtaba elmakˈtaba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 82 malʔetʃ malʔetʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 83 elketaːb elketaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 84 elʔadim elʔadim NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 85 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 86 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 87 kont(e)‿ʕawz‿aʔra kont(e)‿ʕawz‿aʔra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 88 ktab ktab NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 89 ʕan ʕan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 90 tariːx tariːx NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 91 esːetˈtat esːetˈtat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 92 fe fe NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 93 faransa faransa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 94 Libyan libyan JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 241 95 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 241 97 Tripoli Tripoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 241 98 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 241 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 242 1 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 2 nħəb nħəb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 3 il il NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 242 5 ɡraːja ɡraːja NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 6 halba halba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 7 lamma lamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 8 mʃeːt mʃeːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 9 lil lil NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 242 11 maktba maktba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 12 malɡeːtiʃ malɡeːtiʃ NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 242 13 ha ha NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 242 15 li li NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 242 17 ktaːb ktaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 18 lə lə NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 242 20 ɡdiːm ɡdiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 21 kunt kunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 22 nibi nibi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 23 naɡra naɡra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 24 ktaːb ktaːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 25 ʔleː ʔleː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 26 tariːx tariːx NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 27 ə ə NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 242 29 nsawiːn nsawiːn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 30 fi fi IN en-wikipedia-org-528 242 31 fraːnsa fraːnsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 32 Tunisian Tunisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 242 34 Tunis Tunis NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 242 36 nħib nħib NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 37 liqraːja liqraːja NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 38 barʃa barʃa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 39 waqtilli waqtilli NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 40 mʃiːt mʃiːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 41 lilmaktba lilmaktba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 42 mal mal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 242 44 qiːtʃ qiːtʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 242 45 ha ha JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 242 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 242 47 likteːb likteːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 48 liqdiːm liqdiːm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 49 kʊnt kʊnt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 50 nħib nħib NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 51 naqra naqra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 52 kteːb kteːb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 53 ʕla ʕla NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 54 terix terix NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 55 limra limra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 56 fi fi IN en-wikipedia-org-528 242 57 fraːnsa fraːnsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 58 Algerian Algerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 242 60 Algiers Algiers NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 242 61 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 242 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 243 1 āna āna NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 2 nħəbb nħəbb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 3 nəqṛa nəqṛa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 4 bezzaf bezzaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 5 ki ki NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 6 ruħt ruħt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 7 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 243 9 əl əl NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 243 11 măktaba măktaba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 12 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 243 14 lqīt lqīt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 243 16 ʃ ʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 17 hād hād NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 18 lə lə NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 243 20 ktāb ktāb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 21 lə lə NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 243 23 qdīm qdīm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 24 kŭnt kŭnt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 25 ħābb ħābb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 26 nəqṛa nəqṛa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 27 ktāb ktāb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 28 ʕla ʕla NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 29 tārīx tārīx NN en-wikipedia-org-528 243 30 lə lə NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 243 32 mṛa mṛa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 33 fi fi IN en-wikipedia-org-528 243 34 fṛānsa fṛānsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 35 Moroccan Moroccan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 243 37 Rabat Rabat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 243 38 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 243 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 244 1 ana ana NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 2 ʕziz ʕziz NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 3 ʕlija ʕlija NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 4 bzzaf bzzaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 5 nqra nqra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 6 melli melli NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 7 mʃit mʃit NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 8 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 244 10 lmaktaba lmaktaba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 11 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 244 13 lqiːt lqiːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 244 15 ʃ ʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 244 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 244 17 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 244 19 ktab ktab NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 20 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 244 22 qdim qdim JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 244 23 kent kent NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 24 baɣi baɣi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 25 nqra nqra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 26 ktab ktab NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 27 ʕla ʕla NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 28 tarix tarix NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 29 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 244 31 mra mra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 32 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 244 34 fransa fransa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 35 Maltese Maltese NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 244 37 Valletta Valletta NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 244 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 244 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 244 41 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 244 42 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-528 244 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 244 44 Inħobb Inħobb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 45 naqra naqra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 244 46 ħafna ħafna NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 244 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 245 1 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 245 2 mort mort NN en-wikipedia-org-528 245 3 il il NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 245 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 245 5 librerija librerija NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 245 6 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 245 7 sibtx sibtx NN en-wikipedia-org-528 245 8 dan dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 245 9 il il NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 245 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 245 11 ktieb ktieb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 245 12 qadim qadim NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 245 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 246 1 Ridt Ridt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 246 2 naqra naqra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 246 3 ktieb ktieb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 246 4 dwar dwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 246 5 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 246 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 246 7 istorja istorja JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 246 8 tal tal NN en-wikipedia-org-528 246 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 246 10 mara mara NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 246 11 fi fi IN en-wikipedia-org-528 246 12 Franza Franza NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 246 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 247 1 Koiné Koiné NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 247 2 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 247 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 247 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 247 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 247 6 Ferguson,[63 ferguson,[63 NN en-wikipedia-org-528 247 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 247 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 247 9 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 247 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 247 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 247 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 247 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 247 14 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 247 15 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 247 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 247 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 247 18 koiné koiné NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 247 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 247 20 underlies underlie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 247 21 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-528 247 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 247 23 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 247 24 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 247 25 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-528 247 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 247 27 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 247 28 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-528 247 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 248 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 4 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 248 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 248 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 8 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 248 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 248 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 248 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-528 248 13 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 248 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 248 15 Ferguson Ferguson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 248 16 believes believe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 18 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-528 248 19 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 248 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 21 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 248 23 unlikely unlikely JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 248 25 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-528 248 26 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 27 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-528 248 28 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-528 248 29 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 30 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-528 248 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 248 32 twice twice RB en-wikipedia-org-528 248 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 248 34 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-528 248 35 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 248 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 248 37 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 248 40 koine koine NN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 248 42 Loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 248 45 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 46 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 47 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 48 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 49 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 248 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 248 51 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 52 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 53 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 248 54 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 248 56 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-528 248 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 249 1 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 249 2 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 249 3 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-528 249 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 249 5 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 249 6 inanimates inanimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 249 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 249 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 250 1 Change change NN en-wikipedia-org-528 250 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 250 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 250 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 250 5 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 250 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 250 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 250 8 affixes affix NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 250 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 250 10 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-528 250 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 250 12 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 250 13 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 250 14 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 250 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 250 16 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 250 17 prefixes prefix NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 250 18 ti- ti- VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 250 19 yi- yi- XX en-wikipedia-org-528 250 20 ni- ni- XX en-wikipedia-org-528 250 21 ; 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wɑtˤɑn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 364 46 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-528 364 47 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-528 364 48 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 364 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 364 50 وسط وسط NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 51 المدينة‎ المدينة‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 52 wasṭ wasṭ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 53 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 364 55 madīnah madīnah NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 56 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 364 57 wæstˤ wæstˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 58 ɑl ɑl NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 59 mædiːnɐ mædiːnɐ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 60 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 364 61 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-528 364 62 downtown downtown NN en-wikipedia-org-528 364 63 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 364 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 364 65 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-528 364 66 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 364 67 wɑstˤ wɑstˤ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 364 68 ɑl ɑl NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 69 mædiːnæ mædiːnæ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 364 70 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 364 71 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 364 72 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 364 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 364 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 365 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 365 3 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 365 4 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 365 5 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 365 6 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 365 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 365 9 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 10 /a/ /a/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 365 13 diphthong diphthong NN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 14 /aj/ /aj/ . en-wikipedia-org-528 365 15 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 365 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 365 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-528 365 18 fronted front VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 19 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-528 365 20 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-528 365 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 22 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-528 365 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 365 24 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-528 365 25 pronounced pronounce VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 365 26 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 365 27 æj æj NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 365 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 365 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 365 31 ɛj ɛj NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 365 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 365 34 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-528 365 35 سيف‎ سيف‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 36 sayf sayf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 37 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 365 38 sajf sajf NN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 39 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 40 sæjf sæjf NN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 41 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 42 sɛjf sɛjf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 43 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 365 44 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-528 365 45 sword sword NN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 46 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 365 47 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-528 365 48 صيف‎ صيف‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 49 ṣayf ṣayf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 365 50 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 365 51 sˤɑjf sˤɑjf NN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 52 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 365 53 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-528 365 54 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-528 365 55 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 365 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 366 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-528 366 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 366 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 366 4 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 366 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 366 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-528 366 7 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 366 8 allophones allophone NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 366 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 366 10 /a/ /a/ . en-wikipedia-org-528 366 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 366 12 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-528 366 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 366 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 366 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 366 16 Hejaz Hejaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 366 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 366 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 366 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 366 20 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 366 21 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 366 22 aj aj NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 366 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 366 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 366 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 366 26 äj äj NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 366 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 366 28 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 366 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 366 30 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 366 31 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 366 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 367 1 Consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 367 2 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-528 367 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-528 367 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 367 5 Literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 6 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 7 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 8 Consonant Consonant NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 9 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 367 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 11 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 12 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 13 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 14 Labial Labial NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 15 Dental Dental NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 16 Denti Denti NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 367 18 alveolar alveolar JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 19 Palatal Palatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 20 Velar Velar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 21 Uvular Uvular NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 22 Pharyngeal Pharyngeal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 23 Glottal Glottal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 24 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 25 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 26 Nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 27 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 28 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-528 367 29 Stop Stop NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 30 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 31 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 32 tˤ tˤ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 33 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 34 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 35 ʔ ʔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 36 voiced voice VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 37 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 38 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 39 dˤ dˤ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 40 d͡ʒ d͡ʒ VB en-wikipedia-org-528 367 41 Fricative fricative JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 42 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 43 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 44 θ θ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 45 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 46 sˤ sˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 47 ʃ ʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 48 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 49 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 50 χ χ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 51 ħ ħ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 52 voiced voice VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 367 53 ð ð NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 54 z z NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 55 ðˤ ðˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 56 ɣ ɣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 57 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 58 ʁ ʁ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 59 ʕ ʕ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 60 ɦ ɦ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 61 Trill Trill NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 62 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 63 Approximant Approximant NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 64 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 367 66 ɫ ɫ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 367 68 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 69 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 70 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 367 71 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 72 /d͡ʒ/ /d͡ʒ/ , en-wikipedia-org-528 367 73 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 74 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 75 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 367 77 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 78 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 79 jīm jīm NN en-wikipedia-org-528 367 80 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 367 81 ج‎ ج‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 367 82 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 367 83 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 367 84 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 85 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 86 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 367 87 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 367 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 368 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 368 2 d͡ʒ d͡ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 368 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 368 5 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 368 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 7 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 8 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 368 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 368 10 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 368 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 368 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 368 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 368 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 368 16 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 368 17 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-528 368 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 368 21 allophonic allophonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 368 22 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 368 23 ʒ ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 368 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 368 27 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 368 28 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-528 368 29 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 368 30 ʒ ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 368 32 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 368 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 34 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 368 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 368 37 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 368 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 368 39 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 368 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 41 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 368 42 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 368 43 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 368 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 368 45 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 368 46 ɡ ɡ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 47 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 368 48 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 368 49 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 51 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 368 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 53 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 368 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 368 55 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 368 56 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 368 57 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 368 58 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 368 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 368 60 Oman Oman NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 368 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 369 1 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-528 369 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-528 369 3 corresponds correspond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 369 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 369 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 369 6 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 369 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 369 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 369 9 colloquial colloquial JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 369 10 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 369 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 370 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 370 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 370 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 370 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 370 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 370 6 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 370 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 370 8 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 370 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 370 10 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 370 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 370 12 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-528 370 13 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-528 370 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 370 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 370 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 370 17 Sudanese sudanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 370 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 370 19 Yemeni yemeni JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 370 20 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 370 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 370 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 370 23 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-528 370 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-528 370 25 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-528 370 26 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 370 27 ɡʲ ɡʲ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 370 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 370 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 370 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 370 31 ɟ ɟ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 370 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 370 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 370 34 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 370 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 370 36 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 370 37 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 370 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 370 39 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 370 40 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 370 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 371 1 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 371 2 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 371 3 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 371 4 /ɡ/ /ɡ/ . en-wikipedia-org-528 371 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-528 371 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-528 371 7 transcribed transcribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 371 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 371 9 ج‎ ج‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 371 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 371 11 غ‎ غ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 371 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 371 13 ك‎ ك‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 371 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 371 15 ق‎ ق‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 371 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 371 17 گ‎ گ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 371 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 371 19 ݣ‎ ݣ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 371 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 371 21 ڨ‎ ڨ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 371 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 371 23 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 371 24 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 371 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 371 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 371 27 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 371 28 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 371 29 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-528 371 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 371 31 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 371 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 371 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 371 34 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 371 35 diacriticized diacriticize VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 371 36 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 371 37 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-528 371 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 372 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 2 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 3 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 372 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 372 5 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-528 372 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 372 7 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 8 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 9 jīm jīm NN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 372 11 ج‎ ج‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 372 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 372 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 14 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-528 372 15 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 372 17 ɡ ɡ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 372 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 372 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 372 21 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 22 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 23 /ʒ/ /ʒ/ : en-wikipedia-org-528 372 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 372 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 372 26 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-528 372 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-528 372 28 transcribed transcribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 30 چ‎ چ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 372 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 372 32 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 372 35 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 36 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 38 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 372 39 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 40 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 41 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 372 42 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 372 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 372 44 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-528 372 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 372 46 /ʒakitta/ /ʒakitta/ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 47 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-528 372 48 jacket jacket NN en-wikipedia-org-528 372 49 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 372 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 373 1 /θ/ /θ/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 373 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 373 3 ث‎ ث‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 373 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 373 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-528 373 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-528 373 7 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 373 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 373 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 373 10 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 373 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 373 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 374 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 374 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 374 3 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 374 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 374 5 Maghreb Maghreb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 374 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 374 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-528 374 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-528 374 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-528 374 10 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 374 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 374 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 374 13 t͡s t͡s NN en-wikipedia-org-528 374 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 374 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 375 1 /x/ /x/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 375 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 375 3 /ɣ/ /ɣ/ . en-wikipedia-org-528 375 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 375 5 خ,‎ خ,‎ CD en-wikipedia-org-528 375 6 غ‎ غ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 375 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 375 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 375 9 velar velar JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 375 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 375 11 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 375 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 375 13 velar velar JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 375 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 375 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 375 16 uvular uvular JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 375 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 376 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 376 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 376 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 376 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 376 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 376 6 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 376 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 376 8 /ħ /ħ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 376 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 376 10 ʕ/ ʕ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 376 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 376 12 ح,‎ ح,‎ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 376 13 ع‎ ع‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 376 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 376 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 376 16 epiglottal epiglottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 376 17 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 376 18 ʜ ʜ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 376 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 376 20 ʢ ʢ LS en-wikipedia-org-528 376 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 376 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 376 23 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 376 24 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 376 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 377 1 /l/ /l/ . en-wikipedia-org-528 377 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 377 3 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 377 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 377 5 velarized velarize VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 377 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 377 7 ɫ ɫ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 377 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 377 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 377 10 الله الله NN en-wikipedia-org-528 377 11 /ʔallaːh/ /ʔallaːh/ NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 377 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 377 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 377 14 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-528 377 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 377 16 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 377 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 377 18 q.e q.e NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 377 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 378 1 Allah Allah NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 378 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 378 3 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-528 378 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 378 5 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-528 378 6 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 378 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 378 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 378 9 ā ā NN en-wikipedia-org-528 378 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 378 11 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 378 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 378 13 ū ū NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 378 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 378 15 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-528 378 16 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 378 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 378 18 ī ī UH en-wikipedia-org-528 378 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 378 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 378 21 unvelarized unvelarized JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 378 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 378 23 بسم بسم NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 378 24 الله‎ الله‎ POS 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medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 381 3 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 381 4 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-528 381 5 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 381 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-528 381 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 381 8 lughat lughat WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 381 9 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 381 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 381 11 ḍād ḍād NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 381 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 381 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 381 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 381 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 381 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 381 17 Ḍād Ḍād NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 381 18 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 381 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 381 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 381 21 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-528 381 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 381 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 381 24 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-528 381 25 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 381 26 for for IN 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IN en-wikipedia-org-528 485 1 Consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 485 2 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 485 3 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 485 4 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 485 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 485 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-528 485 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-528 485 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-528 485 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-528 485 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 485 11 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-528 485 12 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 485 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-528 485 14 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-528 485 15 listed list VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 485 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 485 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 485 18 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-528 485 19 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-528 485 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 486 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 486 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 486 5 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 486 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 486 8 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 486 10 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 486 11 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 486 14 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 486 15 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 486 16 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 18 Levantine Levantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 486 19 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 486 20 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 21 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 486 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 486 23 Lebanese lebanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 486 24 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-528 486 25 ج‎ ج‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 486 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 486 27 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 28 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 486 29 ʒ ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 486 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 486 32 ق‎ ق‎ CD en-wikipedia-org-528 486 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 486 34 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 35 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 486 36 ʔ ʔ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 486 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 486 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 487 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 487 2 d͡ʒ d͡ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 487 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 487 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 487 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 487 6 ʒ ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 487 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 487 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 487 9 ج‎ ج‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 487 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 487 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 487 12 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 487 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 487 14 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 487 15 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-528 487 16 in 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en-wikipedia-org-528 488 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 488 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 488 55 Morocco Morocco NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 488 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 488 57 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 488 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 489 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 489 2 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-528 489 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 489 4 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 489 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 489 6 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 489 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 489 8 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-528 489 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 489 10 پ‎ پ‎ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 489 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 489 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 489 13 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-528 489 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 489 15 ڤ‎ ڤ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 489 16 depends depend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 489 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 489 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 489 19 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-528 489 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subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-528 492 17 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 492 18 interdental interdental JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 492 19 fricatives fricative NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 492 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 492 21 converting convert VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 492 22 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 492 23 θ θ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 492 24 ð ð NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 492 25 ðˤ ðˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 492 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 492 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-528 492 28 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 492 29 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 492 30 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 492 31 dˤ dˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 492 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 492 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 493 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 493 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 493 3 borrow borrow VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 493 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 493 5 learned learn VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 493 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 493 7 words word NNS 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Moroccan Moroccan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 512 13 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 512 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 512 15 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-528 512 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 512 17 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 512 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 512 19 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 512 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 512 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 512 22 affricate affricate JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 512 23 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 512 24 t͡s t͡s NN en-wikipedia-org-528 512 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 512 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-528 512 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 512 28 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 512 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 512 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-528 512 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 512 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 513 1 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 513 2 Examples Examples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 513 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 513 4 how 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have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 515 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 515 4 nonconcatenative nonconcatenative JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 515 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 515 6 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-528 515 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 515 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 515 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 515 10 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-528 515 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 515 12 morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-528 515 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 515 14 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 515 15 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-528 515 16 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 515 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 515 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 515 19 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-528 515 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 515 21 bare bare JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 515 22 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 515 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 515 24 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-528 515 25 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-528 515 26 ) ) -RRB- 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en-wikipedia-org-528 529 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 529 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-528 529 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 529 12 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-528 529 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 530 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-528 530 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 530 3 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-528 530 4 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 530 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 530 6 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 530 7 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 530 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 530 9 enclitics enclitic NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 530 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 531 1 Enclitic enclitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 531 2 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 531 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 531 4 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 531 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 531 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 531 7 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-528 531 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 531 9 a a DT 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576 203 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-528 576 204 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 576 205 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 576 206 Braille Braille NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 576 207 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 576 208 calligraphy calligraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-528 576 209 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 576 210 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 576 211 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 576 212 Malay Malay NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 576 213 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 576 214 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 576 215 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 576 216 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 577 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 577 2 calligrapher calligrapher NN en-wikipedia-org-528 577 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 577 4 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 577 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 577 6 rough rough JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 577 7 draft draft NN en-wikipedia-org-528 577 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 578 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 578 2 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 578 3 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-528 578 4 derives derive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 578 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 578 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 578 7 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 578 8 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-528 578 9 Nabatean Nabatean NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 578 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 578 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 578 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 578 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 578 14 bears bear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 578 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 578 16 loose loose JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 578 17 resemblance resemblance NN en-wikipedia-org-528 578 18 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-528 578 19 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-528 578 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 578 21 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 578 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 578 23 Cyrillic cyrillic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 578 24 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 578 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 578 26 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 578 27 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 578 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 579 1 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-528 579 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 579 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-528 579 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 579 5 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 579 6 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 579 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 579 9 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 579 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 579 11 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 579 12 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 579 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 579 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 579 15 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 579 16 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 579 17 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 579 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 579 20 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 21 — — : en-wikipedia-org-528 579 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 23 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 579 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 579 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 579 26 faʼ faʼ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 27 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 579 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 579 29 dot dot NN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 30 underneath underneath RB en-wikipedia-org-528 579 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 579 32 qaf qaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 579 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 579 34 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 579 35 dot dot NN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 36 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-528 579 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 579 39 Maghreb Maghreb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 579 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 579 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 579 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 579 43 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 579 46 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 579 47 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 579 48 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 579 49 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 579 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 579 51 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-528 579 52 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 579 53 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-528 579 54 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 579 55 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 579 56 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 57 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 579 58 numerals numeral NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 579 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 579 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 580 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-528 580 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 580 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 580 4 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 580 5 Maghrebi Maghrebi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 580 6 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 580 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 9 abandoned abandon VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 10 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 12 calligraphic calligraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 580 13 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 580 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 580 16 Maghreb Maghreb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 580 17 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 580 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 580 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 580 20 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 580 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 22 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 23 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 580 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 580 26 Quranic quranic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 580 27 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 580 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 580 29 zaouias zaouias NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 580 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 580 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 580 32 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 580 33 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 580 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 581 1 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 581 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 581 3 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 4 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 581 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 581 6 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 581 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 581 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 581 9 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 581 12 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 581 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 581 14 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 15 Maltese Maltese NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 581 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 581 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 581 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 581 19 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 581 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 581 22 Ge'ez Ge'ez NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 581 23 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 581 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 581 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 581 27 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 29 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 31 left left NN en-wikipedia-org-528 581 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 582 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-528 582 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 582 3 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 582 4 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 582 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 6 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 582 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 582 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 9 thuluth thuluth NN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 582 11 muhaqqaq muhaqqaq NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 582 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 582 13 tawqi tawqi NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 582 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 582 15 rayhan rayhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 582 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 582 17 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-528 582 18 naskh naskh NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 582 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 582 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 582 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 582 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 24 print print NN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 582 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 27 computers computer NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 582 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 582 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 582 30 ruqʻah ruqʻah NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 582 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 582 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 582 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 582 34 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 582 35 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 37 correspondence correspondence NN en-wikipedia-org-528 582 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 583 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 583 2 83][84 83][84 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 583 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 583 4 Originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-528 583 5 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 583 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 583 7 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-528 583 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-528 583 11 rasm rasm NN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 12 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 13 diacritical diacritical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 583 14 marks[85 marks[85 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 583 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 583 16 Later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-528 583 17 diacritical diacritical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 583 18 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 583 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 583 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 583 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 22 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 583 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 583 24 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 27 nuqaṯ nuqaṯ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 583 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 583 30 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 583 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 583 33 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 583 34 readers reader NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 583 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 583 36 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-528 583 37 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 38 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 583 39 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 583 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 41 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 583 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 583 43 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 583 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 583 45 th th XX en-wikipedia-org-528 583 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 583 47 n n NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 583 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 583 49 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 583 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 583 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 584 1 Finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-528 584 2 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 584 3 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 584 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 584 5 Tashkil Tashkil NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 584 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 584 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 584 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 584 9 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 584 10 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 584 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 584 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 584 13 harakat harakat NN en-wikipedia-org-528 584 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 584 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 584 16 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 584 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 584 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 584 19 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 584 20 postnasalized postnasalized JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 584 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 584 22 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 584 23 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 584 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 585 1 Calligraphy Calligraphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 2 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 3 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 585 5 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 585 6 calligraphy calligraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 7 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 8 Khalil Khalil NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 9 ibn ibn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 10 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 11 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 12 Farahidi Farahidi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 13 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-528 585 14 fixed fix VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 585 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 585 16 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 585 17 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 18 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 19 786 786 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 585 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 585 21 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 585 22 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 585 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 585 24 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 585 26 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-528 585 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 585 29 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 30 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 585 33 Quran Quran NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 585 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 585 35 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 585 36 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 585 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 585 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 585 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 40 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 585 41 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 42 monuments monument NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 585 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 44 decoration decoration NN en-wikipedia-org-528 585 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 586 1 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 586 2 calligraphy calligraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 586 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-528 586 5 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 6 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 8 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 10 calligraphy calligraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 586 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 586 14 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 586 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 586 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 586 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 586 19 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-528 586 20 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 22 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 586 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 586 25 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 586 26 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 27 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 586 29 calligraphers calligrapher NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 586 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 586 31 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 33 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 586 34 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-528 586 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 587 1 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 587 2 cursive cursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 587 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 4 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 587 6 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 587 8 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 587 9 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 587 11 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 587 12 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 587 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 587 16 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-528 587 17 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-528 587 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 587 19 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 587 22 Quran Quran NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 587 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 587 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 587 25 hadith hadith NN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 587 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 587 28 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-528 587 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 587 30 proverb proverb NN en-wikipedia-org-528 587 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 588 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 588 2 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-528 588 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 588 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-528 588 5 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 588 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 588 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-528 588 8 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-528 588 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 588 10 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-528 588 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 588 12 shaped shape VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 588 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-528 588 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 588 15 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 588 16 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-528 588 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 588 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 588 19 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-528 588 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 588 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 588 22 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-528 588 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 589 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-528 589 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 589 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 589 4 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 589 5 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 589 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 589 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 589 8 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-528 589 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 589 10 Hassan Hassan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 589 11 Massoudy Massoudy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 589 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 590 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 590 3 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 590 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 590 5 intrinsically intrinsically RB en-wikipedia-org-528 590 6 calligraphic calligraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 590 7 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 590 10 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 11 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 590 12 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 590 14 haunted haunt VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 590 17 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 590 20 typographic typographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 590 21 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 590 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 590 26 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 590 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 28 digitized digitized JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 590 29 unification unification NN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 590 31 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-528 590 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-528 590 33 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-528 590 34 accurately accurately RB en-wikipedia-org-528 590 35 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-528 590 36 meanings meaning NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 590 37 conveyed convey VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 38 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 39 calligraphy calligraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-528 590 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 591 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 591 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 591 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 591 4 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 591 8 Romanization romanization NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 10 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 11 Examples Examples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 591 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 13 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 591 14 transliteration transliteration NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 15 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 16 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 17 schemes scheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 591 18 Letter Letter NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 19 IPA IPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 20 UNGEGN UNGEGN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 21 ALA ALA NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 591 23 LC LC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 24 Wehr Wehr NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 25 DIN DIN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 26 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 27 SAS SAS NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 591 29 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 591 30 BATR batr NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 31 ArabTeX arabtex CC en-wikipedia-org-528 591 32 chat chat NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 33 ء‎ ء‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 34 ʔ ʔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 35 ʼ ʼ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 36 ʾ ʾ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 37 ˈ ˈ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 591 39 ˌ ˌ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 40 ʾ ʾ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 41 ' ' NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 42 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 43 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 591 44 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 591 45 ا‎ ا‎ CD en-wikipedia-org-528 591 46 aː aː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 47 ā ā NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 48 ʾ ʾ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 49 ā ā NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 50 aa aa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 51 aa aa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 52 / / , en-wikipedia-org-528 591 53 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 591 55 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 56 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 57 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 58 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 59 é é NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 60 ي‎ ي‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 61 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 591 63 iː iː NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 64 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 65 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 66 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 591 67 ī ī NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 68 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 69 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 591 70 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 71 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 72 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 591 73 ii ii NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 74 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 75 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 76 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 591 77 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 78 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 79 ee ee NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 80 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 591 81 ei ei NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 82 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 83 ai ai VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 84 ث‎ ث‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 85 θ θ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 86 th th NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 87 ṯ ṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 88 ç ç NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 89 ṯ ṯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 90 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 91 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 92 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 93 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 94 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 95 th th NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 96 ج‎ ج‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 97 d͡ʒ d͡ʒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 98 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 99 ɡ ɡ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 100 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 101 ʒ ʒ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 102 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 103 ǧ ǧ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 104 ŷ ŷ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 105 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 106 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 107 ^g ^g SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 108 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 109 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 110 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 111 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 112 dj dj NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 113 ح‎ ح‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 114 ħ ħ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 115 ḩ ḩ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 116 ḥ ḥ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 117 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 118 .h .h . en-wikipedia-org-528 591 119 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 591 120 خ‎ خ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 121 x x NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 591 122 kh kh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 123 ḵ ḵ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 124 ḫ ḫ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 125 ẖ ẖ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 126 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 127 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 128 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 129 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 130 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 131 kh/7'/5 kh/7'/5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 132 ذ‎ ذ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 133 ð ð NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 134 dh dh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 135 ḏ ḏ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 136 đ đ CC en-wikipedia-org-528 591 137 z z NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 138 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 591 139 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 140 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 141 z z NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 142 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 143 dh dh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 144 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 145 th th NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 146 ش‎ ش‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 147 ʃ ʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 148 sh sh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 149 š š NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 150 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 151 ^s ^s NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 152 sh sh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 153 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 154 ch ch NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 155 ص‎ ص‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 156 sˤ sˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 157 ş ş NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 158 ṣ ṣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 159 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 160 .s .s . en-wikipedia-org-528 591 161 s/9 s/9 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 162 ض‎ ض‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 163 dˤ dˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 164 ḑ ḑ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 165 ḍ ḍ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 166 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 167 .d .d . en-wikipedia-org-528 591 168 d/9 d/9 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 169 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 591 170 ط‎ ط‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 171 tˤ tˤ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 172 ţ ţ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 173 ṭ ṭ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 174 T t NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 175 .tu .tu . en-wikipedia-org-528 591 176 t/6 t/6 NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 177 ظ‎ ظ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 178 ðˤ~zˤ ðˤ~zˤ LS en-wikipedia-org-528 591 179 z̧ z̧ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 180 ẓ ẓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 181 đ̣ đ̣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 182 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 183 .z .z . en-wikipedia-org-528 591 184 z z NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 185 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 591 186 dh/6 dh/6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 187 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-528 591 188 ع‎ ع‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 189 ʕ ʕ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 190 ʻ ʻ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 191 ʿ ʿ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 192 ř ř NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 193 E e NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 194 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-528 591 195 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 591 196 غ‎ غ‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 197 ɣ ɣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 198 gh gh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 199 ḡ ḡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 200 ġ ġ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 201 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 202 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 203 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 204 .g .g . en-wikipedia-org-528 591 205 gh/3'/8 gh/3'/8 : en-wikipedia-org-528 591 206 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-528 591 207 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 591 208 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 591 209 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 210 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 591 211 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 591 212 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conflicting conflicting JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 593 5 motivations motivation NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 593 6 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 593 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 593 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 593 9 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 593 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 593 11 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 593 12 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 593 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 594 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 594 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 594 3 interested interested JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 594 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 594 5 transliteration transliteration NN en-wikipedia-org-528 594 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 594 7 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-528 595 1 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 595 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 595 3 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-528 595 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 595 5 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 595 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 595 7 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-528 595 8 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 595 9 focus focus VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 595 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 595 11 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-528 595 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 595 13 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-528 596 1 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 596 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 596 3 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 596 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 596 5 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 596 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 597 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 597 2 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 597 3 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 597 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 597 5 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-528 597 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 597 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 597 8 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-528 597 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 597 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 597 11 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 597 12 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38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 597 39 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 597 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 597 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 597 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 597 43 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-528 597 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 597 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 597 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 598 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 598 2 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 598 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 598 4 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-528 599 1 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 599 2 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 599 3 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-528 599 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 599 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 599 6 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 599 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 599 8 accurately accurately RB en-wikipedia-org-528 599 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 599 10 unambiguously unambiguously RB en-wikipedia-org-528 599 11 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-528 599 12 the the DT 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en-wikipedia-org-528 600 5 reliant reliant JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 600 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 600 7 diacritical diacritical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 600 8 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 600 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 600 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 600 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 600 12 š š NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 600 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 600 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 600 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 600 16 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-528 600 17 equivalently equivalently RB en-wikipedia-org-528 600 18 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 600 19 sh sh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 600 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 600 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 600 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 601 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 601 2 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 601 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 601 4 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-528 602 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 602 2 Bahá'í Bahá'í NNP 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whether IN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 2 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 605 3 interpret interpret VB en-wikipedia-org-528 605 4 sh sh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 605 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 605 7 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 605 8 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 605 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 12 gash gash NN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 605 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 605 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 605 16 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 18 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-528 605 19 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 605 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 605 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 23 gashouse gashouse NN en-wikipedia-org-528 605 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 606 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 606 2 ALA ALA NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 606 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 606 4 LC LC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 606 5 romanization romanization NN en-wikipedia-org-528 606 6 solves solve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 606 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-528 606 8 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-528 606 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 606 10 separating separate VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 606 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 606 12 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-528 606 13 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 606 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 606 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 606 16 prime prime JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 606 17 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-528 606 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 606 19 ′ ′ ADD en-wikipedia-org-528 606 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 606 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 606 22 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-528 606 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 606 24 as′hal as′hal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 606 25 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-528 606 26 easier easy JJR en-wikipedia-org-528 606 27 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-528 606 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 607 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 607 3 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 607 4 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 607 5 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 607 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 607 7 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-528 607 8 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 607 10 1990s 1990s CD en-wikipedia-org-528 607 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 607 12 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 607 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 607 14 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 15 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 16 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 17 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 607 18 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 607 19 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 20 prevalent prevalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 607 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 607 23 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 607 24 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 607 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 607 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 28 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 607 29 computers computer NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 607 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 607 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 607 32 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 607 33 Wide Wide NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 607 34 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 607 36 email email NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 607 38 bulletin bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 607 39 board board NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 607 40 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 607 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 607 42 IRC IRC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 607 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 607 44 instant instant JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 607 45 messaging messaging NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 607 47 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 607 48 phone phone NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 49 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 50 messaging messaging NN en-wikipedia-org-528 607 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 608 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 608 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 608 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-528 608 4 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 608 5 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-528 608 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 608 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 608 8 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-528 608 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 608 10 communicate communicate VB en-wikipedia-org-528 608 11 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 608 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 608 13 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 608 14 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 608 15 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-528 608 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 608 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 608 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 608 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 608 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 608 21 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-528 608 22 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 608 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-528 608 24 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-528 608 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 608 26 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 608 27 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 608 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 608 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 608 30 optional optional JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 608 31 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-528 608 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 609 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 609 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 609 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-528 609 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 609 5 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 609 6 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 609 7 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 609 8 communicated communicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 609 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 609 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-528 609 11 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en-wikipedia-org-528 630 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 630 12 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 630 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 630 14 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-528 630 15 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 630 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 630 17 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 630 18 settings setting NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 630 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 631 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 631 3 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 6 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 631 7 linguist linguist JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 8 Abu Abu NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 631 9 Hayyan Hayyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 631 10 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 631 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 631 12 Gharnati Gharnati NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 631 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 631 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-528 631 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 631 16 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 631 18 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 631 21 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 631 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 631 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-528 631 26 ethnically ethnically RB en-wikipedia-org-528 631 27 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 28 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 631 29 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 30 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 631 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 631 33 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 35 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 631 36 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-528 631 37 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 631 38 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 631 39 studying study VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 631 40 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 41 linguistics linguistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 631 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 631 43 considering consider VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 631 44 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 631 45 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 46 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 631 47 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 631 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 632 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 632 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 632 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 632 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 632 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 632 6 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 632 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 632 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 632 9 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 632 10 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 632 11 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 632 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 632 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 632 14 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 632 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-528 632 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 632 17 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 632 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 632 19 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 632 20 opposite opposite JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 632 21 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-528 632 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 633 1 Yasir Yasir NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 2 Suleiman Suleiman NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 3 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 633 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 633 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 633 8 studying study VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 633 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 633 10 knowing know VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 633 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 633 13 French French NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 633 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 633 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 633 18 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 19 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 633 21 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 22 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 24 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 633 26 badge badge NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 28 sophistication sophistication NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 633 30 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 633 32 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 33 feigning feign VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 633 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 633 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 633 36 asserting assert VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 633 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 633 38 weakness weakness NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-528 633 40 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 42 facility facility NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 44 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 633 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 633 46 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-528 633 47 paraded parade VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 48 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 633 50 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 52 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 633 54 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 633 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 633 57 perversely perversely RB en-wikipedia-org-528 633 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 633 59 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-528 633 60 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 61 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 633 63 mélange mélange NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 65 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 66 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 633 67 switching switching NN en-wikipedia-org-528 633 68 practises practise NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 633 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 634 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 634 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 634 3 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 634 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 634 5 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-528 634 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-528 634 7 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 8 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 634 9 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 10 Ontology Ontology NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 11 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 634 12 diglossia diglossia NN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 13 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 634 14 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 634 17 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 634 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 19 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 634 20 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 21 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 634 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 634 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 24 Lexicon Lexicon NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 25 Arabist Arabist NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 26 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 28 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 29 Written Written NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 30 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 31 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 33 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 34 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 35 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 37 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 38 Dialectology Dialectology NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 39 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 41 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 634 42 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 634 43 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 634 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 634 45 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 634 46 - 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F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 636 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 636 6 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 636 7 D. D. 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 646 38 KG KG NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 646 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 646 40 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 646 41 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 646 42 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 646 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 646 44 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 646 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 647 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 647 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 647 3 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 647 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 647 5 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 647 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 648 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 648 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 648 3 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 648 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 648 5 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 648 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 648 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-528 648 8 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 648 9 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-528 648 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 648 11 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 648 12 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 648 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 648 14 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 648 15 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 648 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 648 17 forthcoming forthcoming JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 648 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 648 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 648 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 649 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 649 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 649 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 649 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 649 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 649 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 649 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 649 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 649 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 650 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 650 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 650 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 650 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 650 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 651 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 651 2 Macdonald Macdonald NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 651 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 651 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 651 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 651 6 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 652 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 652 2 Arabians Arabians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 652 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 652 4 Arabias Arabias NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 652 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 652 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 652 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 652 8 Greeks_Contact Greeks_Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 652 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 652 10 Perceptions Perceptions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 652 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 652 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 653 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 653 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-528 653 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 653 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 653 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 653 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-528 653 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 653 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 653 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 653 10 Documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 653 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 653 12 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-528 653 13 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 653 14 identifier identifier NN en-wikipedia-org-528 653 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 653 16 ara ara NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 653 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 653 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 654 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 654 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 654 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 654 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 654 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 654 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 654 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 654 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 654 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 655 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 655 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 655 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 655 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 655 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 656 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 656 2 Kamusella Kamusella NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 656 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 656 4 Tomasz Tomasz NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 656 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 656 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 656 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 656 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 657 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 657 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 657 3 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 657 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 657 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 657 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 657 7 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 657 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 657 9 Modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-528 657 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 657 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 658 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 658 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 658 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 658 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 659 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 659 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 659 3 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 659 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 659 5 Memory Memory NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 659 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-528 659 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 659 8 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 659 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 660 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 660 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 660 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 660 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 660 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 660 6 117–145 117–145 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 660 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 661 1 doi:10.1515 doi:10.1515 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 661 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 661 3 jnmlp-2017 jnmlp-2017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 661 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 661 5 0006 0006 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 661 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 662 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 662 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 662 3 158624482 158624482 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 662 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 663 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 663 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 663 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 663 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 663 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 663 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 663 7 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 663 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 663 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 663 10 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 663 11 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 663 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 664 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 664 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 664 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 664 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 664 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 665 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 665 2 Hull Hull NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 665 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 665 4 Ruffino Ruffino NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 665 5 ^ ^ VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 665 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 665 7 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 665 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 665 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 665 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 666 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 666 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 666 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 667 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 667 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 667 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 667 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 667 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 667 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 667 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 667 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 667 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 668 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 668 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 668 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 668 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 668 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 669 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 669 2 Versteegh Versteegh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 669 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 669 4 Kees Kees NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 669 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 669 6 Versteegh Versteegh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 669 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 669 8 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 669 9 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 669 10 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 669 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 669 12 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 669 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 669 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 670 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 670 2 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 670 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 670 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 671 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 671 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 671 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 671 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 672 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 672 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 672 3 9780231111522 9780231111522 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 672 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 673 1 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 673 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 673 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 673 4 Qufdn Qufdn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 673 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 673 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 673 7 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 673 8 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 673 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 673 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 673 11 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 673 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 673 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 673 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 673 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 673 16 Urdu Urdu NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 673 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 673 18 Indonesian Indonesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 673 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 673 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 673 21 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 673 22 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-528 673 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-528 673 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 673 25 medium medium NN en-wikipedia-org-528 673 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 673 27 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 673 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 674 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 674 2 Bhabani Bhabani NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 674 3 Charan Charan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 674 4 Ray Ray NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 674 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 674 6 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 674 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 674 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 675 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 675 2 Appendix Appendix NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 675 3 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 675 4 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 675 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 675 6 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 675 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 675 8 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 675 9 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 675 10 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-528 675 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 675 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 675 13 Oriya Oriya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 675 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 675 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 676 1 Orissa Orissa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 676 2 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-528 676 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 676 4 Mughals Mughals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 676 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 676 6 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 676 7 Akbar Akbar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 676 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 676 9 Alivardi Alivardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 676 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 676 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 676 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 676 13 Fascinating Fascinating NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 676 14 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 676 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 676 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 676 17 Socio socio JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 676 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 676 19 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 676 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 676 21 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 676 22 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 676 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 676 24 Orissa Orissa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 676 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 677 1 Orissan Orissan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 677 2 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 677 3 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-528 677 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 677 5 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 677 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 678 1 Calcutta calcutta NN en-wikipedia-org-528 678 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 678 3 Punthi Punthi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 678 4 Pustak Pustak NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 678 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 679 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 679 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 679 3 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 679 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 680 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-528 680 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 680 3 461886299 461886299 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 680 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 681 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 681 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 681 3 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-528 681 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 681 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 681 6 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 681 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 681 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 681 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 681 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 681 11 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 681 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 682 1 - - : en-wikipedia-org-528 682 2 Ask ask VB en-wikipedia-org-528 682 3 DAG DAG NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 682 4 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-528 682 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 682 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 683 1 ask.un.org ask.un.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 683 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 684 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 684 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 684 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 684 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 684 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 684 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 684 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 684 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 684 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 685 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 685 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 685 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 685 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 685 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 686 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 686 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 686 3 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 686 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 686 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 686 6 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 686 7 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-528 686 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 686 9 Personal Personal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 686 10 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 686 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 686 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 686 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 686 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 686 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 687 1 gordonconwell.edu gordonconwell.edu NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 687 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 688 1 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 688 2 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 688 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 689 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 689 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 689 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 689 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 689 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 689 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 689 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 689 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 689 9 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 689 10 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 689 11 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 689 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 690 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 690 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 690 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 690 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 690 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 691 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 691 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 691 3 Executive Executive NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 691 4 Summary Summary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 691 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 691 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 692 1 Future future NN en-wikipedia-org-528 692 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 692 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 692 4 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 692 5 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 692 6 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 692 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 693 1 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 693 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 693 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 693 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 694 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 694 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 694 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 694 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 695 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 695 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 695 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 695 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 695 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 695 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 695 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 695 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 695 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 696 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 696 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 696 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 696 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 696 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 697 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 697 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 697 3 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-528 697 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 697 5 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 697 6 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 697 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 697 8 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 697 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 697 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 698 1 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 698 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 698 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 698 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-528 698 5 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 698 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-528 698 7 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 698 8 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 698 9 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 698 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 699 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 699 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 699 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 699 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 700 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 700 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 700 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 700 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 700 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 700 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 700 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 700 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 700 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 701 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 701 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 701 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 701 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 701 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 702 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 702 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 702 3 UN UN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 702 4 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 702 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 702 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 702 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 703 1 un.org un.org RB en-wikipedia-org-528 703 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 704 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 704 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 704 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 704 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 705 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 705 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 705 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 705 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 705 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 705 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 705 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 705 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 705 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 706 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 706 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 706 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 706 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 706 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 707 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 707 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 707 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 707 4 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 707 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 707 6 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 707 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 707 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 708 1 UNESCO UNESCO NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 708 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 709 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 709 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 709 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 709 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 710 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 710 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 710 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 710 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 710 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 710 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 710 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 710 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 710 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 711 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 711 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 711 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 711 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 711 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 712 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 712 2 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 712 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 712 4 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 712 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 712 6 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 712 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 712 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 712 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 712 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 713 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 713 2 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 713 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 713 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 713 5 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 713 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 713 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 713 8 Safaitic Safaitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 713 9 Inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 713 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 714 1 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-528 714 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 715 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 715 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 715 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 715 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 715 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 715 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 715 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 715 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 715 9 28982 28982 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 715 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 715 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 715 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 716 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 716 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 716 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 716 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 716 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 716 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 716 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 716 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 716 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 717 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 717 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 717 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 717 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 717 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 718 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 718 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 718 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 718 4 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 718 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 718 6 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 718 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 718 8 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 718 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 719 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 719 2 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 719 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 719 4 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 719 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 720 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 720 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-528 720 3 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 720 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 720 5 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 720 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 720 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-528 720 8 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 720 9 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-528 720 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 720 11 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 720 12 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 720 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 720 14 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 720 15 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 720 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 720 17 forthcoming forthcoming JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 720 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 720 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 720 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 721 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 721 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 721 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 721 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 721 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 721 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 721 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 721 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 721 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 722 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 722 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 722 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 722 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 722 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 723 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 723 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-528 723 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 723 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 723 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 723 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-528 723 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 723 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 723 9 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 723 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 723 11 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 723 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 723 13 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 723 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 724 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 724 2 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 724 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 724 4 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 724 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 725 1 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 725 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 726 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 726 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 726 3 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 726 4 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-528 726 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 726 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 726 7 Rbbl Rbbl NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 726 8 bn bn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 726 9 Hfʿm Hfʿm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 726 10 grave grave JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 726 11 inscription inscription NN en-wikipedia-org-528 726 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 726 13 Qaryat Qaryat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 726 14 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 726 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 726 16 Fāw Fāw NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 726 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 726 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 727 1 BSOAS bsoa NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 727 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 728 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 728 2 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 728 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 728 4 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 728 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 728 6 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 728 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 729 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 729 2 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 729 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 729 4 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 729 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 729 6 Draft Draft NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 729 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 729 8 Remarks remark NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 729 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 729 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 729 11 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-528 729 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 729 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 729 14 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 729 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 729 16 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 729 17 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 729 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 729 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 729 20 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 729 21 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-528 729 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 729 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 729 24 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 729 25 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 729 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 729 27 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-528 729 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 730 1 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 730 2 Huehnergard Huehnergard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 730 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 730 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 730 5 Pat Pat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 730 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 730 7 El El NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 730 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 730 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 730 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 731 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 731 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-528 731 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 731 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 731 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 731 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-528 731 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 731 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 731 9 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 731 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 731 11 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 731 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 731 13 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 731 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 732 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 732 2 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-528 732 3 wāw wāw NN en-wikipedia-org-528 732 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 732 5 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-528 732 6 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 732 7 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 732 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 732 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 732 10 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 732 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 732 12 fate fate NN en-wikipedia-org-528 732 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 732 14 wawation wawation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 732 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 732 16 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 732 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 732 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-528 732 19 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-528 732 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 732 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 733 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 733 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-528 733 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 733 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 733 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 733 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-528 733 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 733 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 733 9 Nehmé Nehmé NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 733 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 733 11 Laila Laila NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 733 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 734 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 734 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 734 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 734 4 glimpse glimpse NN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 734 7 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 734 10 Nabataean nabataean JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 734 11 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 13 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 734 14 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 16 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 734 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 734 18 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 734 19 epigraphic epigraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 734 20 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 734 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 734 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 734 24 M.C.A. M.C.A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 735 1 Macdonald Macdonald NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 735 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 735 3 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 735 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 735 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 735 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 735 7 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 9 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 735 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 735 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 735 15 Supplement supplement NN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 735 18 Proceedings Proceedings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 735 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 735 21 Seminar Seminar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 735 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 735 23 Arabian Arabian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 735 24 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 735 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 735 26 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 735 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 735 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 736 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-528 736 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 736 3 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 736 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 736 5 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 736 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 736 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 737 1 Supplement supplement VB en-wikipedia-org-528 737 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 737 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 737 4 Proceedings Proceedings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 737 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 737 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 737 7 Seminar Seminar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 737 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 737 9 Arabian Arabian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 737 10 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 737 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 738 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 738 2 Lentin Lentin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 738 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 738 4 Jérôme Jérôme NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 738 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 738 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 738 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 738 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 738 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 738 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 739 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 739 2 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 739 3 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 739 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 739 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 740 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 740 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 740 3 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 740 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 740 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 740 6 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 740 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 741 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 741 2 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 741 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 742 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 742 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 742 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 742 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 742 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 742 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 742 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 742 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 742 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 743 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 743 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 743 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 743 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 743 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 744 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 744 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 744 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 744 4 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 744 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 744 6 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 744 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 744 8 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 744 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 744 10 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 744 11 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 744 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 744 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 744 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 745 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 745 2 Polygenesis polygenesis NN en-wikipedia-org-528 745 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 745 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 745 5 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 745 6 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 745 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 745 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 746 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 746 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 746 3 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 746 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 746 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 746 6 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 746 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 747 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 747 2 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 747 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 748 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 748 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 748 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 748 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 748 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 748 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 748 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 748 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 748 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 749 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 749 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 749 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 749 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 749 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 750 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 750 2 Versteegh Versteegh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 750 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 750 4 Kees Kees NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 750 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 750 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 750 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 750 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 751 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 751 2 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 751 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 751 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 752 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 752 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 752 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 752 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 753 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 753 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 753 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 753 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 753 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 753 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 753 7 7486 7486 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 753 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 753 9 4529 4529 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 753 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 753 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 753 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 754 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 754 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 754 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 754 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 754 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 754 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 754 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 754 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 754 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 755 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 755 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 755 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 755 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 755 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 756 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 756 2 Retsö Retsö NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 756 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 756 4 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 756 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 756 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 756 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 756 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 757 1 Diathesis diathesis NN en-wikipedia-org-528 757 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 757 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 757 4 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 757 5 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 757 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 757 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 757 8 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 757 9 Morphological Morphological NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 757 10 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 757 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 758 1 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-528 758 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 759 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 759 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 759 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 759 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 759 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 759 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 759 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 759 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 759 9 08818 08818 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 759 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 759 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 759 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 760 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 760 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 760 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 760 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 760 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 760 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 760 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 760 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 760 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 761 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 761 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 761 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 761 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 761 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 762 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 762 2 Ibn Ibn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 762 3 Khaldūn Khaldūn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 762 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 762 5 1332 1332 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 762 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 762 7 1406 1406 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 762 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 762 9 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-528 762 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 763 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 763 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 763 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 763 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 763 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 763 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 764 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 764 2 Muqaddimah Muqaddimah NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 764 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 764 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 764 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 764 6 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-528 764 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 764 8 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-528 764 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 765 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 765 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 765 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 765 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 765 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 765 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 765 7 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 765 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 765 9 16628 16628 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 765 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 765 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 765 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 766 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-528 766 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 3 913459792.CS1 913459792.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 766 4 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-528 766 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 766 6 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 766 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 766 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 766 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 766 10 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 766 12 link link NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 766 14 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 15 قصة قصة NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 16 أول أول NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 17 خطاب خطاب NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 18 باللغة باللغة NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 19 العربية العربية NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 20 في في NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 21 الأمم الأمم NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 22 المتحدة المتحدة JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 766 23 ألقاه ألقاه NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 24 جمال جمال NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 25 عبد عبد NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 26 الناصر الناصر NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 766 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 767 1 دنيا دنيا NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 767 2 الوطن الوطن NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 767 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 767 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 767 5 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 767 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 767 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 768 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 768 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 768 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 768 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 768 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 769 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 769 2 لقاء لقاء NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 769 3 طه طه IN en-wikipedia-org-528 769 4 حسين حسين NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 769 5 مع مع NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 769 6 ليلى ليلى NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 769 7 رستم رستم NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 769 8 ونجوم ونجوم NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 769 9 الأدب الأدب NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 769 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 770 1 www.msn.com www.msn.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-528 770 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 771 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 771 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 771 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 771 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 771 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 772 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 772 2 Okerson Okerson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 772 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 772 4 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 772 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 772 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 772 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 772 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 773 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 773 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 773 3 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 773 4 Printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-528 773 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 773 6 Movable movable JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 773 7 Type Type NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 773 8 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-528 773 9 Lithography Lithography NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 773 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 773 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 774 1 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 774 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 774 3 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 774 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 775 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 775 2 Sawaie Sawaie NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 775 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 775 4 Mohammed Mohammed NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 775 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 775 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 775 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 775 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 775 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 775 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 776 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 776 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 776 3 Academies Academies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 776 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 776 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 777 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 777 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 777 3 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 777 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 777 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 777 6 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 777 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 778 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 778 2 Kamusella Kamusella NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 778 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 778 4 Tomasz Tomasz NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 778 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 778 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 778 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 778 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 779 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 779 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 779 3 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 779 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 779 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 779 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 779 7 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 779 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 779 9 Modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-528 779 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 779 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 780 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 780 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 780 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 780 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 781 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 781 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 781 3 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 781 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 781 5 Memory Memory NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 781 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-528 781 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 781 8 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 781 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 782 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 782 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 782 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 782 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 782 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 782 6 117–145 117–145 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 782 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 783 1 doi:10.1515 doi:10.1515 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 783 2 / / SYM 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. . . en-wikipedia-org-528 787 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 787 2 Abdulkafi Abdulkafi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 787 3 Albirini Albirini NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 787 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 788 1 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 788 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 789 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 789 2 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 789 3 Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 789 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 789 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 789 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 790 1 34–35 34–35 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 790 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 790 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 791 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 791 2 Tomasz Tomasz NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 791 3 Kamusella Kamusella NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 791 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 792 1 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 792 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 793 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 793 2 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 793 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 793 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 793 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 793 6 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 793 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 793 8 Modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-528 793 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 794 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 794 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 794 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 794 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 794 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 794 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 794 7 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 794 8 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 794 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 794 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 794 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 795 1 117–145 117–145 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 795 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 795 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 796 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 796 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 796 3 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 796 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 796 5 Memory Memory NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 796 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 796 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 796 8 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 796 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 797 1 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 797 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 798 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 798 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 798 3 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-528 798 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 798 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 799 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 799 2 Kaye Kaye NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 799 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 799 4 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 799 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 799 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-528 799 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 800 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 800 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 800 3 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 800 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 800 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 800 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 801 1 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 801 2 Encarta Encarta NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 801 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 801 4 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 801 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 801 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 802 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 2 Jenkins Jenkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 802 4 Orville Orville NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 5 Boyd Boyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 802 7 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 802 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 802 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 802 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 802 12 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 13 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 802 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 802 16 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 17 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 802 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 802 19 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 802 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 802 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 802 22 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 802 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 802 24 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 802 25 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 26 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 802 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 802 28 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 802 29 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 802 30 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 31 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 802 32 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 802 33 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 34 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 802 36 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 802 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 803 1 Georgetown Georgetown NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 803 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 803 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 803 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 804 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 804 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 805 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 805 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 805 3 9781589018853 9781589018853 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 805 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 806 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 806 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 806 3 j.ctt2tt3zh j.ctt2tt3zh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 806 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 807 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 807 2 Janet Janet NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 807 3 C.E. C.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 1 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 808 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 808 4 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 808 6 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 808 8 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 9 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 808 11 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 12 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 808 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 808 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 808 15 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 16 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 808 18 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-528 808 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 808 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 808 21 xix xix NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 808 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 809 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-528 809 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 809 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 809 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 809 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 809 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 809 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 809 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 810 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 810 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 810 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 810 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 810 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 810 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 810 9 160775 160775 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 810 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 810 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 810 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 810 13 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 810 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 810 15 Debates Debates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 810 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 810 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 810 18 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 19 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 810 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 21 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 810 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 810 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 810 24 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 25 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 26 107th 107th NN en-wikipedia-org-528 810 27 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 28 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 29 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 30 Congressional Congressional NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 31 Record Record NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 810 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 810 33 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 810 34 10,462 10,462 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 810 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 811 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 811 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 811 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 811 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 811 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 811 6 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 811 7 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 811 8 Printing Printing NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 811 9 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 811 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 811 11 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 811 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 812 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 2 Shalom Shalom NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 3 Staub Staub NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 812 5 Yemenis Yemenis NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 812 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 812 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 8 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 9 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 812 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 812 12 Folklore Folklore NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 812 14 Ethnicity Ethnicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 15 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 16 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 812 17 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 18 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 812 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 812 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 812 21 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 22 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 812 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 812 24 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 812 25 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 812 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 813 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 813 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 813 3 Balch Balch NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 813 4 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 813 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 813 6 Ethnic Ethnic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 813 7 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 813 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 813 9 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 813 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 814 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 814 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 814 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 814 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 814 7 944190 944190 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 814 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 814 9 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 814 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 814 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 814 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 814 13 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 14 Newman Newman NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 814 16 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 814 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 814 18 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 814 19 Thematic Thematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 20 Lexicon Lexicon NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 21 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 22 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 814 23 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 24 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 814 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 814 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 814 27 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 28 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 814 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 814 30 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 814 31 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 814 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 815 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 815 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 815 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 815 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 815 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 815 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 816 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 816 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 816 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 816 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 816 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 816 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 816 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 816 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 816 9 10392 10392 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 816 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 816 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 816 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 816 13 Rebecca Rebecca NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 816 14 L. L. 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NN en-wikipedia-org-528 816 38 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 816 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 817 1 Santa Santa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 817 2 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 817 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 817 4 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 817 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 817 6 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 817 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 817 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 817 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 818 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 818 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 818 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 818 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 818 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 818 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 818 9 33659 33659 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 818 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 818 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 818 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 818 13 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 14 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 15 Ong Ong NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 818 17 Interfaces Interfaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 818 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 818 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 818 20 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 818 22 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 818 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 818 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 818 25 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 818 27 Consciousness Consciousness NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 818 29 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 30 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 31 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 818 32 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 33 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 818 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 818 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 818 36 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 37 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 818 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 818 39 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 818 40 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 818 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 819 1 Ithaca ithaca NN en-wikipedia-org-528 819 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 819 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 819 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 819 5 Cornell Cornell NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 819 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 819 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 819 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 819 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 819 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 820 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 820 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 820 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 820 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 820 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 820 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 820 7 8014 8014 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 820 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 820 9 6630 6630 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 820 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 820 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 820 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 820 13 Clive Clive NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 820 14 Holes Holes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 820 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 820 16 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 820 17 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 820 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 820 19 Structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 820 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 820 21 Functions Functions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 820 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 820 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 820 24 Varieties Varieties NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 820 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 820 26 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 820 27 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 820 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 821 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 821 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 821 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 821 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 821 5 Georgetown Georgetown NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 821 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 821 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 821 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 821 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 821 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 822 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 822 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 822 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 822 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 822 7 58901 58901 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 822 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 822 9 022 022 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 822 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 822 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 822 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 822 13 Nizar Nizar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 14 Y. Y. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 15 Habash Habash NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 822 17 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-528 822 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 822 19 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 20 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 21 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 22 Processing Processing NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 822 24 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 822 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 823 1 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 823 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 824 1 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 824 2 Rafael Rafael NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 824 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 824 4 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 824 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 824 6 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 824 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-528 824 8 Claypool Claypool NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 824 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 824 10 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 824 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 825 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 825 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 825 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 825 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 825 7 59829 59829 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 825 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 825 9 795 795 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 825 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 825 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 825 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 825 13 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 14 Bate Bate NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 825 16 Tamil Tamil NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 17 Oratory Oratory NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 825 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 825 20 Dravidian Dravidian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 21 Aesthetic Aesthetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 825 23 Democratic democratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 825 24 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 825 26 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 27 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 825 29 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 825 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 826 1 14–15 14–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 826 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 827 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 827 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 827 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 827 4 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 827 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 827 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 827 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 827 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 827 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 828 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 828 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 828 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 828 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 828 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 828 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 828 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 828 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 828 9 51940 51940 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 828 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 828 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 828 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 828 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 828 14 Teaching teach VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 828 15 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 828 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 828 17 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 828 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 828 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 829 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 829 2 Economist Economist NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 829 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 830 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 830 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 830 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 830 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 830 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 830 6 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 830 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 830 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 830 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 831 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 831 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 831 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 831 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 831 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 832 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 832 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 832 3 Top Top NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 832 4 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 832 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 832 6 Words Words NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 832 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 832 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 832 9 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 832 10 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 832 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 832 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 833 1 blogs.transparent.com blogs.transparent.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 833 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 834 1 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 834 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 834 3 Blog Blog NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 834 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 835 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 835 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 835 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 835 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 835 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 835 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 835 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 835 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 835 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 836 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 836 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 836 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 836 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 836 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 837 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-528 837 2 EB EB NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 837 3 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-528 837 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 838 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 838 2 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 838 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 838 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 838 5 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 838 6 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 838 7 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 838 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 838 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 839 1 Britannica.com Britannica.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 839 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 840 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 840 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 840 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 840 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 840 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 840 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 840 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 840 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 840 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 841 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 841 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 841 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 841 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 841 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 842 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 2 Gregersen Gregersen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 842 4 1977:237 1977:237 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 842 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 842 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 842 7 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-528 842 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 842 9 seminal seminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 842 10 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-528 842 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 842 12 Siegmund Siegmund NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 13 Fraenkel Fraenkel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 842 15 Die die VB en-wikipedia-org-528 842 16 aramäischen aramäischen NN en-wikipedia-org-528 842 17 Fremdwörter Fremdwörter NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 18 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 19 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 20 Arabischen Arabischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 842 22 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 842 23 1886 1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 842 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 842 25 repr repr NN en-wikipedia-org-528 842 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 843 1 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 843 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 843 3 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 843 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-528 843 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-528 843 6 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-528 843 7 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 843 8 Eilers Eilers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 843 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 843 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 843 11 Iranisches Iranisches NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 843 12 Lehngut Lehngut NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 843 13 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 843 14 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 843 15 Arabischen Arabischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 843 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 843 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 843 18 Actas Actas NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 843 19 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 843 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 844 1 Congresso Congresso NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 844 2 des des FW en-wikipedia-org-528 844 3 Estudos Estudos NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 844 4 Árabes Árabes NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 844 5 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 844 6 Islâmicos Islâmicos NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 844 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 844 8 Coimbra Coimbra NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 844 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 844 10 Lisboa Lisboa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 844 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 844 12 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 844 13 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 844 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 844 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 844 16 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-528 844 17 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 844 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 845 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 845 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 9 Shrivtiel Shrivtiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 845 11 Shraybom Shraybom NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 845 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 845 13 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 845 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 845 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 846 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 846 2 Question Question NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 846 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 846 4 Romanisation Romanisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 846 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 846 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 846 7 Script Script NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 846 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 846 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 846 10 Emergence Emergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 846 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 846 12 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 846 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 846 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 846 15 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 846 16 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 846 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 847 1 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 847 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 847 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 847 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 848 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 848 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 849 1 179–196 179–196 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 849 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 850 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 850 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 850 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 850 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 6 Shrivtiel Shrivtiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 850 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 850 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 9 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 850 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 850 12 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 13 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 14 Shrivtiel Shrivtiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 850 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 850 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 17 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 850 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 850 20 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 850 21 Nicholson Nicholson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 850 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 850 23 Reynold Reynold NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 850 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 851 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 851 2 Literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 851 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-528 851 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 851 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 851 6 arabs arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 851 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 852 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 852 2 Syndics Syndics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 852 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 852 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 852 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 852 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 852 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 852 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 853 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 853 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 853 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 853 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-528 853 5 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 853 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 853 7 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 853 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 853 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 853 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 853 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 854 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 854 2 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-528 854 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 854 4 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 854 5 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-528 854 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 854 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 854 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 854 9 publ publ NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 854 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 855 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 855 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 855 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 855 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 856 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 856 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 856 3 u.a u.a NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 856 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 857 1 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 857 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 857 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 857 4 Univ Univ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 857 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 858 1 Press press NN en-wikipedia-org-528 858 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 859 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 859 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 859 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 859 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 859 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 859 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 859 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 859 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 859 9 77657 77657 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 859 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 859 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 859 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 860 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 860 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 860 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 860 4 Cobham Cobham NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 860 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 860 6 Adonis Adonis NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 860 7 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-528 860 8 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 860 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 860 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 860 11 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 860 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 860 13 Catherine Catherine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 860 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 860 15 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 860 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 860 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 861 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-528 861 2 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-528 861 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 861 4 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 861 5 poetics poetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 861 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 861 7 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 861 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 861 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 861 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 861 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 862 1 Austin Austin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 862 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 862 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 862 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 862 5 Texas Texas NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 862 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 862 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 863 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 863 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 863 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 863 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 863 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 863 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 863 7 292 292 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 863 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 863 9 73859 73859 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 863 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 863 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 863 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 864 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 864 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 864 3 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 864 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 864 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 864 6 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-528 864 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 864 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 864 9 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 864 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 864 11 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 864 12 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 864 13 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 864 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 864 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 865 1 Alislam.org Alislam.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 865 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 866 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 866 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 866 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 866 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 866 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 866 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 866 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 866 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 866 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 867 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 867 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 867 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 867 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 867 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 868 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 2 Ferguson Ferguson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 868 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 868 6 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 868 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 868 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 868 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 868 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 868 11 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 12 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 868 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 868 15 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 868 17 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 868 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 868 19 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 868 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 868 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 868 22 616–630 616–630 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 868 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 868 24 doi:10.2307/410601 doi:10.2307/410601 RB en-wikipedia-org-528 868 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 868 26 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 28 410601 410601 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 868 29 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 868 30 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 868 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 868 32 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 33 Spoken Spoken NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 868 35 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 868 36 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 868 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 868 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 868 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 869 1 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 869 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 870 1 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 870 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 871 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 871 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 871 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 871 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 871 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 871 6 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 871 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 871 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 871 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 872 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 872 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 872 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 872 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 872 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 873 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 873 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 873 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 873 4 Borg Borg NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 873 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 873 6 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 873 7 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 873 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 873 9 Azzopardi Azzopardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 873 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 873 11 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 873 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 873 13 Marie Marie NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 873 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 873 15 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 873 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 873 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 874 1 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 874 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 875 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 875 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 876 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 876 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 876 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 876 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 876 5 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 876 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 876 7 02243 02243 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 876 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 876 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 876 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 877 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 877 2 Borg Borg NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 877 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 877 4 Azzopardi Azzopardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 877 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 877 6 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 877 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 877 8 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 877 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 877 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 878 1 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 878 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 879 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 879 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 880 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 880 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 880 3 xiii xiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 880 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 881 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 881 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 881 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 881 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 881 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 881 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 881 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 881 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 881 9 02243 02243 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 881 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 881 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 881 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 882 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 882 4 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 882 5 displays display VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 882 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-528 882 7 areal areal NN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 8 traits trait VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 882 9 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 882 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 11 Maghrebine Maghrebine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 882 12 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 882 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 882 14 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 15 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 882 17 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 882 18 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 882 19 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 882 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 21 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 882 22 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 882 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 882 25 drifted drift VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 26 apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-528 882 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 882 28 Tunisian tunisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 882 29 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 882 30 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 882 31 Brincat Brincat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 882 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 882 33 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 882 34 . . . 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en-wikipedia-org-528 886 5 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 886 6 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-528 886 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-528 886 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 886 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 886 10 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-528 886 11 exposed expose VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 886 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 886 13 Latinisation Latinisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 886 14 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-528 886 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 886 16 Normans Normans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 886 17 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 886 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 886 19 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 886 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 886 21 1090 1090 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 886 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 886 23 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-528 886 24 Christianisation Christianisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 886 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 886 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-528 886 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NN en-wikipedia-org-528 912 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 912 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 912 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 913 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 913 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 913 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 913 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 913 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 913 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 913 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 913 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 913 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 914 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 914 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 914 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 914 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 914 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 915 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 915 2 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-528 915 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 915 4 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 915 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 915 6 Libyan libyan JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 915 7 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 915 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 915 9 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 915 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 915 11 Tunisian tunisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 915 12 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 915 13 understand understand VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 915 14 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-528 915 15 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-528 915 16 - 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- HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 917 12 264 264 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 917 14 014-X 014-x NN en-wikipedia-org-528 917 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 917 16 Lipinski Lipinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 18 1997:124 1997:124 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 20 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 917 21 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 917 23 Jallad Jallad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 25 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 917 27 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 29 2002:5 2002:5 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 31 15–16 15–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 33 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 917 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 917 35 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-528 917 36 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-528 917 37 Watson watson NN en-wikipedia-org-528 917 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 39 2002:2 2002:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 41 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 917 42 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 44 2002:16 2002:16 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 46 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 917 47 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 49 2002:18 2002:18 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 51 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 917 52 Ferguson Ferguson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 54 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 56 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 59 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 917 60 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 917 61 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 62 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 917 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 65 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 67 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 69 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 71 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 917 72 630 630 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 74 doi:10.2307/410601 doi:10.2307/410601 RB en-wikipedia-org-528 917 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 76 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 77   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 78 410601 410601 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 79 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 80 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-528 917 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 82 Thelwall Thelwall NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 83 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 84 2003:52 2003:52 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 85 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 86 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 917 87 Rydin Rydin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 88 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 917 89 Karin Karin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 90 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 917 91 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 92 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 917 93 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 917 94 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 918 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 918 2 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-528 918 3 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-528 918 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 918 5 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 918 6 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 918 7 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 918 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 919 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 919 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 919 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 919 4 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 919 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 919 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 919 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 920 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 920 2 Tabbaa Tabbaa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 920 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 920 4 Yasser Yasser NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 920 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 920 6 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 920 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 920 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 921 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 921 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 921 3 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 921 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 921 5 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 921 6 Writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-528 921 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 921 8 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-528 921 9 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 921 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 921 11 Qur'ānic Qur'ānic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 921 12 Calligraphy Calligraphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 921 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 921 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 922 1 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 922 2 Orientalis Orientalis NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 922 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 923 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 923 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 923 3 119–148 119–148 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 923 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 924 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-528 924 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 924 3 0571 0571 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 924 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 924 5 1371 1371 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 924 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 925 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 925 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 925 3 4629416 4629416 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 925 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 926 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 926 2 Hanna Hanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 926 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-528 926 4 Greis Greis NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 926 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 926 6 1972:2 1972:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 926 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 926 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 926 9 Ibn Ibn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 926 10 Warraq Warraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 926 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 926 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 926 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 926 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 927 1 Ibn Ibn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 927 2 Warraq Warraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 927 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 927 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 927 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 927 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 927 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 928 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-528 928 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 928 3 Koran Koran NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 928 4 Really really RB en-wikipedia-org-528 928 5 Says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 928 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 928 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 928 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 928 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 928 10 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 928 11 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-528 928 12 Commentary Commentary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 928 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 929 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 929 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-528 929 3 Ibn Ibn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 929 4 Warraq Warraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 929 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 930 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 930 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 930 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 930 4 Prometheus Prometheus NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 930 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 931 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 931 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 931 3 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 931 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 932 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 932 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 932 3 157392945X. 157392945x. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 933 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 933 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 933 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 933 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 933 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 933 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 933 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 933 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 933 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 934 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 934 2 Osborn Osborn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 934 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 934 4 J.R. J.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 934 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 934 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 934 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 934 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 935 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 935 2 Narratives Narratives NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 935 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 935 4 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 935 5 Script Script NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 935 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 935 7 Calligraphic Calligraphic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 935 8 Design design NN en-wikipedia-org-528 935 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 935 10 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 935 11 Spaces Spaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 935 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 935 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 936 1 Design design NN en-wikipedia-org-528 936 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 936 3 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 936 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 937 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 937 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 937 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 937 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 937 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 937 6 289–306 289–306 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 937 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 938 1 doi:10.1080/17547075.2009.11643292 doi:10.1080/17547075.2009.11643292 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 938 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 939 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 939 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 939 3 147422407 147422407 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 939 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 940 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 940 2 Quesada Quesada NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 940 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 940 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 940 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 940 6 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 940 7 Keyboard Keyboard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 940 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 940 9 Atlanta Atlanta NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 940 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 940 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 940 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 940 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 941 1 Madisonville Madisonville NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 941 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 941 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 941 4 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 941 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 942 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 942 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 942 3 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 942 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 943 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 943 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 943 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 943 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-528 943 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 943 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 943 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 943 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 943 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 944 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 944 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 944 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 944 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 944 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 945 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-528 945 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 945 3 Reviews Reviews NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 945 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 945 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 945 6 Courses Courses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 945 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 945 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 946 1 Lang1234 Lang1234 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 946 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 947 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 947 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 947 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 947 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 947 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 948 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 948 2 Kees Kees NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 948 3 Versteegh Versteegh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 948 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 948 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 948 6 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 948 7 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 948 8 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 948 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 948 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 948 11 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 948 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 949 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-528 949 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 949 3 Landmarks Landmarks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 949 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 949 5 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 949 6 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 949 7 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-528 949 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 949 9 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 949 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 950 1 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-528 950 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 951 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 951 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 951 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 951 4 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 951 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 951 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 951 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 952 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 9 15757 15757 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-528 952 13 Suleiman Suleiman NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 15 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-528 952 16 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 17 Archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 952 18 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 19 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 20 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-528 952 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 952 23 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 24 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 25 Sources Sources NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 26 As As NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 28 Sabil Sabil NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 29 Bateson Bateson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 31 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 32 Catherine Catherine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 952 34 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 952 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 37 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 38 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 39 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 41 Georgetown Georgetown NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 42 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 43 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 45 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 46   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 47 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 49 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 51 87840 87840 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 53 386 386 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 952 55 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 56 Durand Durand NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 58 Olivier Olivier NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 59 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 952 60 Langone Langone NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 62 Angela Angela NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 63 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 64 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 952 65 Mion Mion NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 67 Giuliano Giuliano NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 952 69 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 952 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 952 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 952 72 Corso Corso NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 73 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 74 Arabo Arabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 75 Contemporaneo Contemporaneo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 952 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 953 1 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 2 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 953 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 953 5 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 953 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 953 8 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 953 10 Hoepli Hoepli NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 953 12 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 14 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 953 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 953 16 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 953 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 953 18 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 953 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 953 20 4552 4552 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 953 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 953 22 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 953 23 Gregersen Gregersen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 953 25 Edgar Edgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 953 26 A. a. 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B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 956 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-528 956 39 Baldauf Baldauf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 956 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 956 41 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 956 42 B. B. 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S. 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 1 Versteegh Versteegh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 3 Kees Kees NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 969 9 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 10 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 12 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 13 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 14 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 18 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 969 20 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 969 22 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 969 24 17702 17702 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 25 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 969 26 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 27 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 29 Janet Janet NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 31 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 969 35 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 969 37 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 969 39 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 41 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 42 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 969 44 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 45 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 46 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 48 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 49   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 50 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 969 52 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 969 54 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 969 56 824137 824137 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 57 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 969 58 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 59 Wehr Wehr NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 61 Hans Hans NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 63 1952 1952 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 969 66 Arabisches Arabisches NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 67 Wörterbuch Wörterbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 68 für für NN en-wikipedia-org-528 969 69 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 70 Schriftsprache Schriftsprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 71 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-528 969 72 Gegenwart Gegenwart NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 73 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 969 74 Arabisch Arabisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 75 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 969 76 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 78 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 969 79 reprint reprint NN en-wikipedia-org-528 969 80 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 81 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 969 82 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 969 83 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-528 969 84 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 970 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 970 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 970 3 Harassowitz Harassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 970 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 970 5 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 970 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 970 7 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 970 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 970 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 970 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 970 11 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 970 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 970 13 01998 01998 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 970 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 970 15 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 970 16 Wright Wright NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 970 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 970 18 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 970 19 W. 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9 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-528 974 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-528 974 11 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 12 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 13 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 14 Processing Processing NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 15 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 16 Ta3reeb Ta3reeb NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-528 974 18 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 19 Transliteration Transliteration NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 20 Transliteration Transliteration NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 21 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 974 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 974 23 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 974 24 applet applet NN en-wikipedia-org-528 974 25 Alexis Alexis NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 26 Neme Neme NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 974 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 974 28 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 974 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 974 30 , 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Levantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 119 Maghrebi Maghrebi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 120 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 121 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 122 Hilalian Hilalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 123 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 124 Hilalian hilalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 125 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 126 Moroccan Moroccan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 127 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 128 Tunisian Tunisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 129 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 130 Mesopotamian Mesopotamian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 131 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 132 Yemeni yemeni JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 133 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 134 Tihamiyya Tihamiyya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 135 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 136 Ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 137   _SP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 138 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 985 139 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 140 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 141 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 985 142 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 143 Pidgins Pidgins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 985 144 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 985 145 Creoles Creoles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 985 146 Juba Juba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 147 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 148 Nubi Nubi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 149 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 150 Maridi Maridi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 151 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 152 Maltese Maltese NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 153 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 154 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 155 Names Names NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 156 Linguistics Linguistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 985 157 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 158 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 159 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 985 160 moon moon NN 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script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 204 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 985 205 Technical Technical NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 206 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 207 keyboard keyboard NN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 208 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 209 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 210 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 211 Unicode Unicode NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 212 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 213 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 985 214 IEC IEC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 215 8859 8859 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 985 216 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 985 217 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 985 218 Windows-1256 Windows-1256 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 219 MS MS NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 220 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 985 221 DOS DOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 222 codepages codepage VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 223 708 708 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 985 224 709 709 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 985 225 710 710 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 985 226 711 711 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 985 227 720 720 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 985 228 864 864 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 985 229 MacArabic macarabic NN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 230 encoding encode VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 985 231 aSociolinguistically asociolinguistically RB en-wikipedia-org-528 985 232 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-528 985 233 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 234 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 235 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 236 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 237 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 238 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 239 Varieties Varieties NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 240 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 985 241 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 242 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 243 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 244 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 245 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 246 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 985 247 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 248 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 249 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 250 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 251 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 252 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 253 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 254 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 255 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 256 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 257 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 258 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 985 259 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 260 Bahrani Bahrani NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 261 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 262 Bahraini Bahraini NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 263 Kuwaiti Kuwaiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 264 Najdi Najdi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 265 Omani Omani NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 266 Shihhi Shihhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 267 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 268 Hejazi Hejazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 269 Sedentary Sedentary NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 270 Bedouin Bedouin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 271 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 272 Bareqi Bareqi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 273 Yemeni Yemeni NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 274 Hadhrami Hadhrami NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 275 Sanʽani Sanʽani NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 276 Taʽizzi Taʽizzi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 277 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 985 278 Adeni Adeni NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 279 Tihami Tihami NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 280 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 281 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 985 282 Yemeni yemeni JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 283 Dhofari Dhofari NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 284 Northwestern Northwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 285 Bedawi Bedawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 286 Nilo Nilo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 287 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 985 288 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 985 289 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 985 290 Egyptian egyptian JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-528 986 94 Malay Malay NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 95 Iroquoian iroquoian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 96 Cherokee Cherokee NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 97 Turkic Turkic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 98 Azeri Azeri NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 99 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 100 constructed construct VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 986 101 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 102 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 103 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 104 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 105 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 106 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 107 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 108 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 109 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 110 Varieties Varieties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 111 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 112 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 113 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 114 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 115 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 116 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 117 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 118 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 119 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 120 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 121 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 122 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 123 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 124 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 125 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 126 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 127 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 128 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 129 Turoyo Turoyo NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 130 Mlahsô Mlahsô NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 131 Northeastern Northeastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 132 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 133 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 134 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 135 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 136 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 137 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 138 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 139 Bohtan Bohtan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 140 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 141 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 142 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 143 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 144 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 145 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 146 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 147 Hértevin Hértevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 148 Koy Koy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 149 Sanjaq Sanjaq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 150 Surat Surat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 151 Senaya Senaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 152 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 153 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 154 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 155 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 156 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 157 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 158 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 159 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 160 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 161 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 162 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 163 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 164 Jabal Jabal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 165 Razih Razih NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 166 Jebel Jebel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 167 Fayfa Fayfa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 168 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 169 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 170 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 171 Ethiopian ethiopian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 172 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 173 Gurage Gurage NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 174 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 175 Arqobba Arqobba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 176 Amharic Amharic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 177 Tigrinya Tigrinya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 178 Tigre Tigre NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 179 Chaha Chaha NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 180 Harari Harari NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 181 Siltʼe Siltʼe NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 182 Soddo Soddo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 183 Inor Inor NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 184 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 185 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 186 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 187 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 188 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 189 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 190 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 191 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 192 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 193 Eblaite Eblaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 194 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 195 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 196 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 986 197 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 198 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 199 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 200 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 201 Canaanite Canaanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 202 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 203 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 204 Mishnaic Mishnaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 205 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 206 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 207 Yemenite Yemenite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 208 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 209 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 210 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 211 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 212 Phoenician Phoenician NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 213 Punic Punic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 214 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 215 Ammonite Ammonite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 216 Moabite Moabite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 217 Edomite Edomite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 218 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 219 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 220 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 221 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 222 Samaritan samaritan JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 223 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 224 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 225 Nabataean Nabataean NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 226 Palmyrene Palmyrene NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 227 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 228 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 229 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 230 Aramaic aramaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 231 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 232 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 233 Hatran Hatran NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 234 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 235 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 236 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 237 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 238 Chaldean Chaldean NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 239 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 240 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 241 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 242 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 243 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 244 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 245 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 246 Senaya Senaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 247 Koy Koy NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 248 Sanjaq Sanjaq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 249 Surat Surat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 250 Hértevin Hértevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 251 Turoyo Turoyo NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 252 Mlahsô Mlahsô NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 253 Mandaic Mandaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 254 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 255 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 256 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 257 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 258 Malayalam Malayalam NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 259 Others Others NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 260 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 261 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 262 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 263 Dadanitic dadanitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 264 Taymanitic Taymanitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 265 Amorite Amorite NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 266 Ugaritic Ugaritic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 267 Eteocypriot Eteocypriot NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 268 Himyaritic Himyaritic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 269 Sutean Sutean NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 270 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 271 Literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 272 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 273 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 274 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 275 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 276 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 277 Mashriqi Mashriqi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 278 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 986 279 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 280 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 986 281 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 282 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 283 Dhofari Dhofari NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 284 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 285 Bahrani Bahrani NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 286 Kuwaiti Kuwaiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 287 Shihhi Shihhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 288 Hejazi Hejazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 289 Najdi Najdi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 290 Omani Omani NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 291 Yemeni yemeni JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 292 Judeo judeo NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 293 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 294 Yemeni yemeni JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 295 Bedouin Bedouin NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 296 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 297 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 298 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-528 986 299 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 300 Bedawi Bedawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 301 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 302 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 303 Sa'idi sa'idi NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 304 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 305 Levantine Levantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 306 Cypriot Cypriot NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 307 Lebanese lebanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 308 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 309 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 310 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 311 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 312 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 313 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 314 Iraqi iraqi JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 315 Sudanese sudanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 316 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 317 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 318 Tajiki Tajiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 319 Uzbeki Uzbeki NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 320 Shirvani Shirvani NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 321 Maghrebi Maghrebi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 322 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 986 323 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 324 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 986 325 Algerian Algerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 326 Saharan Saharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 327 Shuwa Shuwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 328 Hassānīya Hassānīya NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 329 Andalusian Andalusian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 330 Libyan libyan JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 331 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 332 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 333 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 334 Tripolitanian tripolitanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 335 Sicilian sicilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 336 Maltese maltese JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 337 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 338 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 339 Judeo judeo NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 340 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 341 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 342 Tunisian tunisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 343 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 344 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 345 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 346 Tunisian tunisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 347 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 348 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 349 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 350 Nabataean nabataean JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 351 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 352 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 353 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 354 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 355 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 356 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 357 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 358 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 359 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 360 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 361 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 362 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 363 Razihi Razihi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 364 Faifi Faifi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 365 Sabaean Sabaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 366 Minaean Minaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 367 Qatabanian Qatabanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 368 Awsānian Awsānian NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 369 Hadramautic Hadramautic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 370 Ethiopic Ethiopic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 371 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 372 Ge'ez Ge'ez NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 373 Tigrinya Tigrinya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 374 Tigre Tigre NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 375 Dahalik Dahalik NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 376 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 377 Amharic Amharic NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 378 Argobba Argobba NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 379 Harari Harari NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 380 Silt'e Silt'e NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 381 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 986 382 Wolane Wolane NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 383 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 986 384 Ulbareg Ulbareg NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 385 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 986 386 Inneqor Inneqor NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 387 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 986 388 Zay Zay NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 389 Outer Outer NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 390 n n JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 391 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 392 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 393 Gafat Gafat NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 394 Soddo Soddo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 395 tt tt NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 396 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 986 397 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-528 986 398 Mesmes Mesmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 399 Muher Muher NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 400 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 401 Gurage Gurage NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 402 Mesqan Mesqan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 403 Ezha Ezha NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 404 Chaha Chaha NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 405 Gura Gura NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 406 Gumer Gumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 407 Gyeto Gyeto NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 408 Ennemor Ennemor NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 409 Endegen Endegen NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 410 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 411 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 412 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 413 Bathari Bathari NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 414 Harsusi Harsusi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 415 Hobyot Hobyot NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 416 Mehri Mehri NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 417 Shehri Shehri NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 418 Soqotri Soqotri NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 419 Italics Italics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 420 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 986 421 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 422 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 423 , , , en-wikipedia-org-528 986 424 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 986 425 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 986 426 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 986 427 . . . en-wikipedia-org-528 987 1 Authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 2 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 3 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 987 5 4241223 4241223 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 987 7 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 8 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 987 10 00560295 00560295 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 11 SUDOC sudoc NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 987 13 027219623 027219623 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 14 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-528 987 17 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic&oldid=993136516 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic&oldid=993136516 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-528 987 19 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 987 21 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 22 attested attest VBD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 987 25 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 27 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 28 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 30 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 31 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 32 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 33 Fusional Fusional NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 34 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 35 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 37 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 38 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 40 Bahrain Bahrain NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 41 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 43 Cameroon Cameroon NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 44 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 46 Chad Chad NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 47 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 987 50 Comoros Comoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 51 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 53 Djibouti Djibouti NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 54 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 56 Eritrea Eritrea NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 57 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 59 Gibraltar Gibraltar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 60 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 62 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 63 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 65 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 66 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 68 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 69 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 71 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 72 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 74 Kurdistan Kurdistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 75 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 77 Kuwait Kuwait NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 78 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 80 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 81 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 82 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 83 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 84 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 85 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 86 Mali Mali NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 87 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 89 Mauritania Mauritania NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 90 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 91 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 92 Morocco Morocco NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 93 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 95 Niger Niger NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 96 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 97 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 98 Oman Oman NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 99 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 100 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 101 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 987 102 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 103 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 104 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 105 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 106 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 107 Qatar Qatar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 108 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 109 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 110 Saudi Saudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 111 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 112 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 113 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 114 Senegal Senegal NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 115 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 116 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 117 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 118 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 119 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 120 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 121 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 122 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 123 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 124 Somalia Somalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 125 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 126 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 127 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 128 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 129 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 130 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 131 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 132 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 133 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 987 134 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 135 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 136 Emirates Emirates NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 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en-wikipedia-org-528 987 160 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 161 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 987 162 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 163 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 164 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 987 165 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 987 166 periodical periodical JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 167 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 168 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 169 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 987 170 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 171 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 172 : : : en-wikipedia-org-528 987 173 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 174 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 175 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 176 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 177 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 178 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 179 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 180 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 181 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 987 182 ar ar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 183 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 987 184 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 185 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 186 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 187 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 188 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 189 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 987 190 ar ar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 191 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 987 192 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 193 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 194 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 195 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 196 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 197 indefinitely indefinitely RB en-wikipedia-org-528 987 198 semi semi RB en-wikipedia-org-528 987 199 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 200 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 201 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 202 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 203 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 204 short short JJ 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in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 227 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 228 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 229 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 230 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 987 231 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 232 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 233 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 234 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 235 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 236 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 237 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 238 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 239 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 240 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 241 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 242 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 243 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 244 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 245 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 246 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 987 247 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 248 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 249 ISO 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270 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 271 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 272 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 273 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-528 987 274 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 275 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 276 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 277 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 278 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 279 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 280 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 281 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 282 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 283 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 284 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 285 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 286 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 287 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 288 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 289 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 290 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 291 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 292 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 293 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 987 294 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 295 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 296 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 297 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 298 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 299 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 300 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 301 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 302 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 303 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 304 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 305 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 306 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 307 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 308 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 309 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 310 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 311 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-528 987 312 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 313 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 314 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 315 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 316 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 317 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 987 318 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 319 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 987 320 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 321 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 322 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 323 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 324 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 325 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 326 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 327 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 328 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-528 987 329 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-528 987 330 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 331 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 332 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-528 987 333 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 334 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 335 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 336 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 337 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 338 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 339 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 340 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 341 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 342 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 343 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 344 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 345 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 346 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 347 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 348 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 349 SUDOC SUDOC NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 350 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 351 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 352 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 353 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 354 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 355 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-528 987 356 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 357 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 358 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 359 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 360 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 361 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 362 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 363 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 364 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 365 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 366 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 367 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 368 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 369 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-528 987 370 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 371 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 372 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 373 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 374 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-528 987 375 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 376 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 377 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 378 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 379 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 380 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 381 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 382 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 383 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 384 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 385 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 386 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 387 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 388 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 389 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 390 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 391 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-528 987 392 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-528 987 393 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-528 987 394 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 395 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 396 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 397 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 398 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 399 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 400 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 401 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 402 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 403 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-528 987 404 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 405 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 406 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 407 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 408 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 409 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 410 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 411 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 412 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 413 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 414 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-528 987 415 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-528 987 416 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 417 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 418 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 419 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 420 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 987 421 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 422 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 423 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 424 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 425 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 426 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 427 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 428 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 429 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 430 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 431 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 432 Wikibooks wikibook VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 433 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 434 Wikiversity Wikiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 435 Wikivoyage Wikivoyage NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 436 Languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 437 Acèh Acèh NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 438 Адыгэбзэ Адыгэбзэ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 439 Адыгабзэ Адыгабзэ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 440 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 441 Alemannisch Alemannisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 442 አማርኛ አማርኛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 443 Anarâškielâ Anarâškielâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 444 Ænglisc Ænglisc NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 445 Аҧсшәа Аҧсшәа NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 446 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 447 Aragonés aragonés JJ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 448 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 449 Արեւմտահայերէն Արեւմտահայերէն NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 450 Arpetan Arpetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 451 অসমীয়া অসমীয়া . en-wikipedia-org-528 987 452 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 453 अवधी अवधी . en-wikipedia-org-528 987 454 Avañe'ẽ Avañe'ẽ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 455 Авар Авар NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 456 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 457 تۆرکجه تۆرکجه NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 458 Basa Basa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 459 Bali Bali NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 460 বাংলা বাংলা NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 461 Banjar Banjar NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 462 Bân Bân NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 463 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 464 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 465 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 466 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 467 Basa Basa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 468 Banyumasan Banyumasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 469 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 470 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 471 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 472 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-528 987 473 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 474 Bikol Bikol NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 475 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 476 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 477 Boarisch Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 478 བོད་ཡིག བོད་ཡིག NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 479 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 480 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 481 Буряад Буряад NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 482 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 483 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 484 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 485 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 486 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 487 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 488 Chewa Chewa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 489 Corsu Corsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 490 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 491 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 492 الدارجة الدارجة VBZ en-wikipedia-org-528 987 493 Davvisámegiella Davvisámegiella NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 494 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 495 ދިވެހިބަސް ދިވެހިބަސް NNPS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 496 Diné Diné NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 497 bizaad bizaad NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 498 Dolnoserbski Dolnoserbski NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 499 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 500 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 501 Emiliàn Emiliàn NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 502 e 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𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 524 客家語 客家語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 525 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-528 987 526 Hak Hak NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 527 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 528 kâ kâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 529 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-528 987 530 ngî ngî NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 531 Хальмг Хальмг NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 532 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-528 987 533 Hausa Hausa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 534 Hawaiʻi Hawaiʻi NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 535 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 536 हिन्दी हिन्दी NNS en-wikipedia-org-528 987 537 Hornjoserbsce Hornjoserbsce NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 538 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 539 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 540 Hulontalo Hulontalo NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 541 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 542 Ilokano Ilokano NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 543 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 544 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-528 987 545 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