id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-7041 Emotions and culture - Wikipedia .html text/html 6116 760 49 The research of Paul Ekman (1971)[7] and Carroll Izard (1971)[8] further explored the proposed universality of emotions, showing that the expression of emotions were recognized as communicating the same feelings in cultures found in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Africa. Ekman and Friesen (1975)[15] have also suggested that these "unwritten codes" govern the manner in which emotions may be expressed, and that different rules may be internalized as a function of an individual's culture, gender or family background. In collectivistic cultures such as Japan, emotions such as happiness are very relational, include a myriad of social and external factors, and reside in shared experiences with other people. Culture and emotion socialization[edit] Emotion expression is consequently seen to be influenced largely by the culture in which a person has been socialized. Universal and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-7041.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-7041.txt