id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-5309 Sufism - Wikipedia .html text/html 21171 2966 73 Sufis have been characterized by their asceticism, especially by their attachment to dhikr, the practice of remembrance of God, often performed after prayers.[15] They gained adherents among a number of Muslims as a reaction against the worldliness of the early Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)[16] and have spanned several continents and cultures over a millennium, initially expressing their beliefs in Arabic and later expanding into Persian, Turkish, Punjabi and Urdu, among others.[17] Sufis played an important role in the formation of Muslim societies through their missionary and educational activities.[14] According to William Chittick, "In a broad sense, Sufism can be described as the interiorization, and intensification of Islamic faith and practice."[18] ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-5309.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5309.txt