id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-5055 Pessimism - Wikipedia .html text/html 8517 892 61 In Western philosophy, philosophical pessimism is not a single coherent movement, but rather a loosely associated group of thinkers with similar ideas and a family resemblance to each other.[2]:7 In Pessimism: Philosophy, Ethic, Spirit, Joshua Foa Dienstag outlines the main propositions shared by most philosophical pessimists as "that time is a burden; that the course of history is in some sense ironic; that freedom and happiness are incompatible; and that human existence is absurd."[2]:19 Friedrich Nietzsche could be said to be a philosophical pessimist even though unlike Schopenhauer (whom he read avidly) his response to the 'tragic' pessimistic view is neither resigned nor self-denying, but a life-affirming form of pessimism. ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-5055.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5055.txt