Princeps senatus - Wikipedia Princeps senatus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Ancient Rome This article is part of a series on the politics and government of ancient Rome Periods Roman Kingdom 753–509 BC Roman Republic 509–27 BC Roman Empire 27 BC – AD 395 Principate 27 BC – AD 284 Dominate AD 284–641 Western AD 395–476 Eastern AD 395–1453 Timeline Roman Constitution Constitution of the Kingdom Constitution of the Republic Constitution of the Empire Constitution of the Late Empire Senate Legislative assemblies Executive magistrates Precedent and law Roman law Ius Imperium Mos maiorum Collegiality Auctoritas Roman citizenship Cursus honorum Senatus consultum Senatus consultum ultimum Assemblies Centuriate Curiate Plebeian Tribal Ordinary magistrates Consul Praetor Quaestor Promagistrate Aedile Tribune Censor Governor Extraordinary magistrates Corrector Dictator Magister equitum Consular tribune Rex Triumviri Decemviri Titles and honours Emperor Legatus Dux Officium Praeses Praefectus Vicarius Vigintisexviri Lictor Magister militum Imperator Princeps senatus Pontifex maximus Augustus Caesar Tetrarch Other countries v t e The princeps senatus (plural principes senatus) was the first member by precedence of the Roman Senate.[1] Although officially out of the cursus honorum and possessing no imperium, this office conferred prestige on the senator holding it. Contents 1 Overview 1.1 List of known principes senatus 2 Citations 3 References 4 External links Overview[edit] The princeps senatus was not a lifetime appointment. He was chosen by every new pair of censors (that is, every 5 years). Censors could, however, confirm a princeps senatus for a period of another 5 years. He was selected from patrician senators with consular rank, usually former censors. The successful candidate had to be a patrician with an impeccable political record, respected by his fellow senators. The office was established around the year 275 BC.[2] Originally, the position of the princeps was one of honor: he had the privilege of speaking first on the topic presented by the presiding magistrate. This gave the position great dignitas as it allowed the princeps to set the tone of the debate in the Senate. Across the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the office gained the prerogatives of the presiding magistrates and additional privileges, namely: Summoning and adjourning the Senate; Deciding its agenda; Deciding where the session should take place; Imposing order and other rules of the session; Meeting, in the name of the Senate, with embassies of foreign countries; and Writing, in the name of the Senate, letters and dispatches. By 80 BC, it is believed that the status and function of the office was changed by the constitutional reforms of Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Although the term remained, reflecting the senator who was named first in the roll of the Senate issued by the Censors, the prerogatives of the office were restricted. In particular, the honor of speaking first on any topic debated in the Senate, a measure of their political clout, was removed from them and transported to the consul designate.[3] After the fall of the Roman Republic, the princeps senatus was the Roman Emperor, and during the period of the Principate, no other individual is believed to have held the office (see also: princeps). However, in the emperor's absence, it is possible that a Senator was granted the privilege of holding this role when the Senate met; the notoriously unreliable Historia Augusta claimed that during the Crisis of the Third Century, some others held the position; in particular, it stated that the future emperor Valerian held the office in 238, during the reigns of Maximinus Thrax and Gordian I, and he continued to hold it through to the reign of Decius.[4] The same source also makes the same claim about Tacitus when the Senate acclaimed him emperor in AD 275.[5] List of known principes senatus[edit] Manius Valerius Maximus.[6] Marcus Fabius Ambustus.[6] c. 275/269 BC: Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus.[7] c. 269/265 BC: Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus?[8] In or after 258 BC: Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges, son of Rullianus[9] c. 247/241 BC: Gnaeus Cornelius Blasio?[8] c. 236/230 BC: Gaius Duilius?[8] c. 225 BC: Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla?[8] c. 220 BC: Aulus Manlius Torquatus Atticus?[8] By 216 BC: Marcus Fabius Buteo.[10] 209 – 203 BC: Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus.[7] 199 – 184/183 BC: Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus.[7] 184/183 – 180 BC: Lucius Valerius Flaccus.[7] 179 – 153/152 BC: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.[7] 153/152 – c. 147 BC: Position vacant. c. 147 –141 BC: Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum.[7] Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio?[11] c. 136 – 130 BC?: Appius Claudius Pulcher.[7] 130 BC?: Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Lupus.[10] c. 125 BC: Publius Cornelius Lentulus.[7] 115 – c. 89 BC: Marcus Aemilius Scaurus.[7] By 86 BC: Lucius Valerius Flaccus.[7] c. 70 BC: Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus.[12] 62 - 60 BC?: Quintus Lutatius Catulus (Capitolinus).[11] 55 - 44 BC:Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus.[13] 43 – 43 BC: Marcus Tullius Cicero. (Not a Patrician)[14] 43 – 28 BC: Unknown. 28 BC – Augustus, title cohered with that of Roman emperor until beginning of the Dominate. AD 238 – 251: Valerian. AD 269: Pomponius Bassus - described as "Pomponius Bassus, who then was the first man".[15] AD 275: Tacitus - The Historia Augusta states that Tacitus was "the consular whose right it was to speak his opinion first".[16] Citations[edit] ^ Roberts, John (2007). "Princeps senatus". Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World. Oxford Reference. p. 858. doi:10.1093/acref/9780192801463.001.0001. ISBN 9780192801463. ^ Ryan (1998), p. 170. ^ Broughton, T. Robert S. (1952). The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. II. p. 127. ^ Historia Augusta, The Three Gordians, 9.7; The Two Valerians, 5.4 ^ Historia Augusta, Tacitus, 4.1 ^ a b Mommsen, Willems, and Suolahti. Rejected by Ryan (1998), p. 223. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mommsen, Willems, Suolahti, and Ryan. ^ a b c d e Ryan. ^ Said also to have succeeded his father as princeps senatus in 265 BC. ^ a b Willems, Suolahti, and Ryan. ^ a b Willems. Rejected by Suolahti and Ryan. ^ Mommsen. Rejected by Willems, Suolahti, and Ryan. ^ Broughton, pg. 127 ^ Willems and Ryan. Rejected by Suolahti. ^ Epitome de Caesaribus, 34.3 ^ Historia Augusta, Tacitus, 4.1 References[edit] Broughton, T. Robert S., The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol II (1952). Mommsen, Theodor (1864). Römische Forschungen. I. and Mommsen, Theodor (1864). "Über den princeps senatus". RHM. 19: 455–457. Ryan, Francis X. (1998). Rank and Participation in the Republican Senate. Suolahti, Jaakko (1972). "Princeps senatus". Arctos. 7: 207–218. Willems, Pierre Gaspard Hubert (1878). Le Sénat de la République romaine. I. External links[edit] The Roman Law Library by Professor Yves Lassard and Alexandr Koptev. v t e Ancient Rome topics Outline Timeline History Foundation Kingdom overthrow Republic Empire History Pax Romana Principate Dominate Western Empire fall historiography of the fall Byzantine Empire decline fall Constitution History Kingdom Republic Empire Late Empire Senate Legislative assemblies Curiate Centuriate Tribal Plebeian Executive magistrates SPQR Law Twelve Tables Mos maiorum Citizenship Auctoritas Imperium Status Litigation Government Curia Forum Cursus honorum Collegiality Emperor Legatus Dux Officium Prefect Vicarius Vigintisexviri Lictor Magister militum Imperator Princeps senatus Pontifex Maximus Augustus Caesar Tetrarch Optimates Populares Province Magistrates Ordinary Consul Censor Praetor Tribune Tribune of the Plebs Military tribune Quaestor Aedile Promagistrate Governor Extraordinary Rex Interrex Dictator Magister Equitum Decemviri Consular Tribune Triumvir Military History Borders Establishment Structure Campaigns Political control Strategy Engineering Frontiers and fortifications castra Technology Army Legion Infantry tactics Personal equipment Siege engines Navy Auxiliaries Decorations and punishments Hippika gymnasia Economy Agriculture Deforestation Commerce Finance Currency Republican currency Imperial currency Culture Architecture Art Bathing Calendar Clothing Cosmetics Cuisine Hairstyles Education Literature Music Mythology Religion Deities Romanization Roman people Sexuality Theatre Wine Society Patricians Plebs Conflict of the Orders Secessio plebis Equites Gens Tribes Assembly Naming conventions Demography Women Marriage Adoption Slavery Bagaudae Technology Amphitheatres Aqueducts Bridges Circuses Civil engineering Concrete Domes Metallurgy Numerals Roads Temples Theatres Sanitation Thermae Latin History Alphabet Versions Old Classical Vulgar Late Medieval Renaissance New Contemporary Ecclesiastical Romance languages Writers Latin Aelius Donatus Ammianus Marcellinus Appuleius Asconius Pedianus Augustine Aurelius Victor Ausonius Boëthius Caesar Catullus Cassiodorus Censorinus Cicero Claudian Columella Cornelius Nepos Ennius Eutropius Fabius Pictor Sextus Pompeius Festus Rufus Festus Florus Frontinus Fronto Fulgentius Gellius Horace Hydatius Hyginus Jerome Jordanes Julius Paulus Justin Juvenal Lactantius Livy Lucan Lucretius Macrobius Marcellus Empiricus Marcus Aurelius Manilius Martial Nicolaus Damascenus Nonius Marcellus Obsequens Orosius Ovid Petronius Phaedrus Plautus Pliny the Elder Pliny the Younger Pomponius Mela Priscian Propertius Quadrigarius Quintilian Quintus Curtius Rufus Sallust Seneca the Elder Seneca the Younger Servius Sidonius Apollinaris Silius Italicus Statius Suetonius Symmachus Tacitus Terence Tertullian Tibullus Valerius Antias Valerius Maximus Varro Velleius Paterculus Verrius Flaccus Vergil Vitruvius Greek Aelian Aëtius of Amida Appian Arrian Cassius Dio Diodorus Siculus Diogenes Laërtius Dionysius of Halicarnassus Dioscorides Eusebius of Caesaria Galen Herodian Josephus Julian Libanius Lucian Pausanias Philostratus Phlegon of Tralles Photius Plutarch Polyaenus Polybius Porphyrius Priscus Procopius Simplicius of Cilicia Sozomen Stephanus Byzantinus Strabo Themistius Theodoret Zonaras Zosimus Major cities Alexandria Antioch Aquileia Berytus Bononia Carthage Constantinopolis Eboracum Leptis Magna Londinium Lugdunum Lutetia Mediolanum Pompeii Ravenna Roma Smyrna Vindobona Volubilis Lists and other topics Cities and towns Climate Consuls Dictators Distinguished women Dynasties Emperors Generals Gentes Geographers Institutions Laws Legacy Legions Magistri equitum Nomina Pontifices Maximi Praetors Quaestors Tribunes Roman–Iranian relations Wars and battles Civil wars and revolts Fiction Films Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princeps_senatus&oldid=989475944" Categories: Ancient Roman titles Ancient Roman politicians Cursus honorum Roman Senate Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية Беларуская Dansk Deutsch Español Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Latina Nederlands Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 19 November 2020, at 05:29 (UTC). 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