List of Roman legions - Wikipedia





	
	

	
	

	List of Roman legions

	
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Nero, Sestertius with countermark "X" of Legio X Gemina. 
Obv: Laureate bust right. 
Rev: Nero riding horse right, holding spear, DECVRSIO in exergue; S C across fields.



This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion, primarily focusing on the Principate (early Empire, 27 BC – 284 AD) legions, for which there exists substantial literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence.


Main articles: Roman army, Imperial Roman army, and Roman legion

When Augustus became sole ruler in 31 BC, he disbanded about half of the over 50 legions then in existence. The remaining 28 legions became the core of the early Imperial army of the Principate (27 BC – AD 284), most lasting over three centuries. Augustus and his immediate successors transformed legions into permanent units, staffed by entirely career soldiers on standard 25-year terms.

During the Dominate period (near the end of the Empire, 284–476), legions were also professional, but are little understood due to scarcity of evidence compared to the Principate. What is clear is that late legions were radically different in size, structure, and tactical role from their predecessors, despite several retaining early period names. This was the result of the military reforms of Emperors Diocletian and Constantine I, and of further developments during the 4th century.

The legions were identified by Roman numerals, though the spelling sometimes differed from the modern "standard". For example, in addition to the spellings "IV", "IX", "XIV", "XVIII" and "XIX", the respective spellings "IIII", "VIIII", "XIIII", "XIIX" and "XVIIII" were commonly used.[1]


Contents


	1 Late Republican legions
	2 Early Empire legions
	2.1 Legend
	2.1.1 Legion number and title (cognomen)
	2.1.2 Main legionary base
	2.1.3 Emblem
	2.1.4 Date disbanded
	2.1.5 Castra legionaria
	2.1.6 Notes






	3 Late Empire legions
	4 See also
	5 Notes
	6 References
	6.1 Primary sources
	6.2 Secondary sources



	7 External links





Late Republican legions[edit]

Until the Marian reforms of 107 BC, the Republican legions were formed by compulsory levy of Roman citizens (who met a minimum property qualification) and raised whenever it was necessary. Usually they were authorized by the Roman Senate, and were later disbanded.

Gaius Marius' reforms transformed legions into standing units, which could remain in being for several years, or even decades. This became necessary to garrison the Republic's now far-flung territories. Legionaries started large-scale recruiting of volunteer soldiers enlisted for a minimum term of six years and a fixed salary, although conscription was still practiced. The property requirements were abolished by Marius, so that the bulk of recruits were henceforth from the landless citizens, who would be most attracted to the paid employment and land offered after their service.

In the last century of the Republic, proconsuls governing frontier provinces became increasingly powerful. Their command of standing legions in distant and arduous military campaigns resulted in the allegiance of those units transferring from the Roman state to themselves. These imperatores (lit: victorious generals, from the title imperator they were hailed with by their troops) frequently fell out with each other and started civil wars to seize control of the state, such as Sulla, Caesar, Pompey, Crassus, Mark Antony and Octavian (later Augustus, the first Emperor himself). In this context, the imperatores raised many legions that were not authorised by the Senate, sometimes having to use their own resources. As civil wars were resolved, many of these "private" units would be disbanded, only for more to be raised to fight the next civil war. By the time Augustus emerged as sole ruler of Rome in 31 BC, over 50 legions were in existence, many of which were disbanded.

The legions included in the following list had a long enough history to be somehow remarkable. Most of them were levied by Julius Caesar and later included into Octavian's army, some of them were levied by Marc Antony.


	Legio I Germanica (Germanic): 48 BC – AD 70 (Revolt of the Batavi), Julius Caesar
	Legio II Sabina (Sabine): 43 BC – c. AD 9, early name of the Legio II Augusta
	Legio III Cyrenaica (from Cyrene): probably c. 36 BC to (at least) the 5th century, Mark Antony
	Legio III Gallica (Gallic): around 49 BC to at least early 4th century, Julius Caesar (emblem: bull)
	Legio IV Macedonica (Macedonian): 48 BC – AD 70 (renamed by Vespasian), Julius Caesar (emblem: bull, capricorn)
	Legio IV Scythica (from Scythia): c. 42 BC to at least early 5th century, Mark Antony (emblem: capricorn)
	Legio V Alaudae (Larks): 52 BC – AD 70 or 86 (destroyed either during the Batavian rebellion or by the Dacians in first Battle of Tapae), Julius Caesar (emblem: elephant)
	Legio VI Ferrata (Ironclad): 52 BC – after 250, Julius Caesar (emblem: bull, she-wolf and Romulus and Remus); twin legion of Legio VI Victrix
	Legio VI Victrix (Victorious): 41 BC – after 402, Octavian (emblem: bull)
	Legio VII Claudia Pia Fidelis (loyal and faithful to Claudius): 51 BC – 44 BC, Julius Caesar; disbanded and re-formed by Vespasian as Legio VII Gemina
	Legio VIII Augusta: 59 BC – 48 BC, Julius Caesar, disbanded and re-enlisted by Augustus as Legio VIII Augusta
	Legio IX Hispana Triumphalis (Triumphant): 59 BC – 48 BC, Julius Caesar, disbanded and re-enlisted by Augustus as Legio IX Hispana
	Legio X Fretensis (of the sea strait): levied by Augustus in 41–40 BC
	Legio X Equestris (Equestrian): before 58 BC – 45 BC, Julius Caesar's personal legion
	Legio XI Claudia: 58 BC – 45 BC, Julius Caesar (emblem: Neptune), disbanded, reconstituted by Augustus
	Legio XII Victrix (Victorious): 57 BC – AD 45, Julius Caesar
	Legio XII Fulminata (Thunderbolt): after being renamed by Augustus, first reconstituted by Lepidus in 43 BC, named by Mark Antony as Legio XII Antiqua (Ancient)
	Legio XIII Gemina (Twin): 57 BC – 45 BC: Julius Caesar, later (41 BC) reconstituted by Augustus
	Legio XIV Gemina (Twin): 57 BC – 48 BC: Julius Caesar, destroyed and reconstituted in 53 BC. Reconstituted by Augustus after 41 BC
	Legio XVII Classica (Of the Fleet): raised by Mark Antony, disbanded in 31 BC by Octavian following his victory at the Battle of Actium.
	Legio XVIII Libyca (from Libya): raised by Mark Antony, disbanded in 31 BC by Octavian following his victory at the Battle of Actium.
	Legio XIX: raised by Mark Antony, disbanded in 31 BC by Octavian following his victory at the Battle of Actium.
	Legio XX Siciliana: raised by Octavian for the purpose of launching an invasion of Sicily in 36 BC, which at the time was held by Sextus Pompeius.
	Legio XXX Classica (Naval): 48 BC – 41 BC, Julius Caesar


Early Empire legions[edit]

  
The Roman empire and legions deployed in AD 125, in the time of emperor Hadrian.



Codes for Roman provinces in the table:


		AEG	Aegyptus	(Egypt)

	AFR	Africa	(Tunisia/Western Libya)

	AQ	Aquitania	(SW France)

	AR	Arabia Petraea	(Jordan/Sinai)

	BRIT	Britannia	(England/Wales)

	CAP	Cappadocia	(Central/Eastern Turkey)

	DC	Dacia	(Romania/Serbia)

	DLM	Dalmatia	(Bosnia/Croatia/Montenegro/Kosovo/Serbia)

	GAL	Galatia	(Central Turkey)

	GI	Germania Inferior	(Netherlands/Rhineland)

	GS	Germania Superior	(Alsace-Lorraine/Rhineland)

	HISP	Hispania Tarraconensis	(Central Spain)

	IT	Italia	(Italy)

	JUD	Judaea	(Israel/Palestine)

	MAUR	Mauretania	(Western Maghreb)

	MCD	Macedonia	(Southern Balkans/Greece)

	MI	Moesia Inferior	(Romania/Bulgaria)

	MS	Moesia Superior	(Serbia)

	NR	Noricum	(Austria)

	PAN	Pannonia	(Hungary/Croatia/Slovenia)

	RT	Raetia	(Switzerland/Germany)

	SYR	Syria	(Syria/Lebanon)





Roman legions of the early Empire (units founded between 59 BC and AD 250)
	Legion no.
and title (cognomen)
	Main
legionary base
	Emblem
	Date founded/
founder
	Date
disbanded
	Castra legionaria (legion bases)[2]
* = main base. Start date 31 BC if unspecified
	Notes

	I Adiutrix
	Szőny, Hungary
	Capricorn
	68 Nero
	444
	70–86 Moguntiacum (GS); 86 – mid-5th century Brigetio* (PAN)
	"1st Rescuer". Was raised from marines of Classis Misenensis

	I Germanica
	Bonn, Germany
	Bull
	48 BC Caesar
	70 DD
	to 16 BC HISP; c. 5 BC – AD 70 Bonna* (GI)
	Disbanded for cowardice in Batavi revolt

	I Italica
	Svishtov, Bulgaria
	Boar
	66 Nero
	post 400
	70 – early 5th century Novae* (MI)
	prima Italica:raised for aborted Caucasus war

	I Macriana
	
	
	68 Macer
	69 DD
	(Raised for mutiny against Nero by Macer, gov of AFR)
	liberatrix: "Liberator 1st". Disbanded by Galba

	I Minervia
	Bonn, Germany
	Minerva
	82 Domitian
	post 300
	82 – 4th century Bonna* (GI)
	"Minerva-revering 1st"

	I Parthica
	Sinjar, Iraq
	Centaur
	197 S. Severus
	post 400
	197 – early 5th century Nisibis* (SYR)
	Raised for Severus' Parthian campaign in 197

	II Adiutrix
	Budapest, Hungary
	Capricorn
	70 Vespasian
	after 269
	70–87 BRIT; 87–106 MS; 106 – at least 269 Aquincum* (PAN)
	"2nd Rescuer."  Was raised from marines of Classis Ravennatis

	II Augusta
	Caerleon, Wales
	Capricorn
	before 9 BC Augustus
	after 300
	to c. AD 9 HISP; 43–74 BRIT; 74 – at least 255 Isca Augusta* (BRIT)
	Failed to engage Boudica 60. c. 395 at Rutupiae (BRIT)

	II Italica
	Enns, Austria
	She-Wolf
	165 M Aurelius
	after 400
	180 – c. 400 Lauriacum* (NR)
	Capitoline Wolf Rome's national emblem

	II Parthica
	Castra Albana, Italy
	Centaur
	197 S. Severus
	after 350
	197–218 Castra Albana (IT); 218–234 Apamea (SYR); 238 – c. 300 Castra Albana(IT)
	4th century recorded at Bezabde (SYR)

	II Traiana
	Alexandria, Egypt
	Hercules
	105 Trajan
	after 400
	125 – 5th century Nicopolis* (AEG)
	secunda fortis "Trajan's valliant 2nd"

	III Augusta
	Batna, Algeria
	Pegasus
	43 BC Augustus
	after 350
	to 20 AFR; 20–75 Ammaedara; 74 – after 350+ Lambaesis* (MAUR)
	Decimated for cowardice in Mauri war (AD 18)

	III Cyrenaica
	Busra, Syria
	
	36 BC M Antony
	after 400
	to 35 Thebes 35–125 Alexandria AEG; 125 – 5th century Bostra* AR
	"3rd from Cyrene"

	III Gallica
	Abila, Jordan
	Two Bulls
	49 BC Caesar
	after 300
	31 BC– 4th century Raphana* (SYR)
	tertia Gallica: "3rd from Gaul"

	III Italica
	Regensburg, Germany
	Stork
	165 M Aurelius
	after 300
	165 – 4th century Castra Regina* (RT)
	Raised for war on Marcomanni

	III Parthica
	Ras al-Ayn, Syria
	Bull
	197 S. Severus
	after 400
	197 – 4th century Resaena* (SYR)
	Raised for Severus' Parthian campaign in 197

	Legion no.
and title (cognomen)
	Main
legionary base
	Emblem
	Date founded/
founder
	Date
disbanded
	Castra legionaria (legion bases)[2]
* = main base. Start date 31 BC if unspecified
	Notes

	IV Flavia Felix
	Belgrade, Serbia
	Lion
	70 Vespasian
	before 400
	86 – 4th century Singidunum* (MS)
	Vespasian's lucky 4th. Reformed IV Macedon

	IV Macedonica
	Mainz, Germany
	Bull
	48 BC Caesar
	70 DD
	to 43 HISP; 43–70 Moguntiacum* (GS)
	Disbanded in Batavi revolt

	IV Scythica
	Gaziantep, Turkey
	Capricorn
	42 BC M Antony
	after 400
	to 58 MS; 68 – 5th century Zeugma* (SYR)
	quarta scythica: "Scythian-conquering 4th"

	V Alaudae
	Xanten, Germany
	Elephant
	52 BC Caesar
	70 or 86 XX
	to 19 BC HISP; c. 10 BC – AD 70 Castra Vetera* (GI)
	"Larks 5th" Feathers in helmet? XX during Batavian rebellion in 70 or at the first Battle of Tapae in 86

	V Macedonica
	Turda, Romania
	Eagle
	43 BC Augustus
	after 500
	6–101 Oescus, 107–161 Troesmis (MI); 166–274 Potaissa* (DC)
	quinta macedonica: "5th from Macedonia"

	VI Ferrata
	Galilee, Israel
	She-Wolf
	58 BC Caesar
	at least 250 UF
	to 71 Raphana (SYR); 135 – at least 250 Caparcotna* (JUD)
	"Ironclad 6th". XX at Battle of Edessa 260?

	VI Hispana
	
	
	post 212
	after 250 UF
	unknown
	Only 1 record. XX at Battle of Abrittus 251?

	VI Victrix
	York, England
	Bull
	41 BC Augustus
	after 400
	to 70 Castra Legionis HISP; 71–122 GI; 122 – c. 400 Eburacum* BRIT
	"Victorious 6th" built Hadrian's Wall 122–132

	VII Claudia
	Kostolac, Serbia
	Bull
	58 BC Caesar
	c. 400
	to AD 9 GAL; 9–58 DLM; 58 – c. 400 Viminacium* (MS)
	septima Claudia: title for crushing mutiny 42

	VII Gemina
	León, Spain
	
	68 Galba
	c. 400
	75 – c. 400 Castra Legionis* HISP
	Raised in Hispania by Galba for march on Rome

	VIII Augusta
	Strasbourg, France
	Bull
	59 BC Caesar
	after 371
	9-45 Poetovium; 45–69 Novae MI; 69–86 Mirebeau-sur-Bèze GS; 86 – at least 371 Argentorate* GS
	octava Augusta:

	IX Hispana
	York, England
	Bull
	41 BC Augustus
	132? 161?
	to 13 BC HISP; AD 9–43 PAN?; 71–121 Eburacum* BRIT; 121–130 Nijmegen GI?
	nona Hispana: XX in Judaea (132)? XX by Parthians in Armenia (161)

	X Fretensis
	Jerusalem
	Boar
	40 BC Augustus
	after 400
	to 25 BC JUD; 25 BC – AD 66 SYR; 73 – at least c. 400 Hierosolyma*
	fretum = Strait of Messina, Naulochus 36 BC

	X Gemina
	Vienna, Austria
	Bull
	42 BC Lepidus
	after 400
	30 BC – AD 63 Petavonium HISP; 63–68 Carnuntum PAN; Petavonium 68–71 HISP; 71–103 Noviomagus GI; 103 – c. 400 Vindobona* PAN
	Was X Equestris, Caesar's "mounted" legion

	XI Claudia
	Silistra, Bulgaria
	Neptune
	42 BC Augustus
	after 400
	to 71 DLM; 71–104 Vindonissa RT; 104 – c. 400 Durostorum* MI
	undecima Claudia: honoured by Claudius

	XII Fulminata
	Malatya, Turkey
	Thunderbolt
	43 BC Lepidus
	after 400
	to 14 AEG; 14–71 Raphana (SYR); 71 – c. 400 Melitene* (CAP)
	Thunderbolt 12th lost aquila in 1st Jewish War

	Legion no.
and title (cognomen)
	Main
legionary base
	Emblem
	Date founded/
founder
	Date
disbanded
	Castra legionaria (legion bases)[2]
* = main base. Start date 31 BC if unspecified
	Notes

	XIII Gemina
	Alba Iulia, Romania
	Lion
	57 BC Caesar
	after 400
	45–106 Poetovio PAN; 106–270 Apulum* DC; 270–400 MI
	"Twinned 13th". Crossed Rubicon with Caesar 49 BC

	XIV Gemina
	Petronell, Austria
	Capricorn
	57 BC Caesar
	after 400
	AD 9–43 Moguntiacum GS; 43–58 Mancetter BRIT; 58–67 Wroxeter BRIT; 67–89 Balkans; 92–106 Vindobona PAN; 106 – c. 400 Carnuntum*
	Defeated Boudica's Britons at Watling Street (60)

	XV Apollinaris
	Saddagh, Turkey
	Apollo
	41 BC Augustus
	after 400
	14–62 Carnuntum PAN; 62–73 SYR 71–115 Carnuntum PAN; 115 – c. 400 Satala* CAP
	"Apollo-revering 15th". Fought in First Jewish War

	XV Primigenia
	Xanten, Germany
	Fortuna
	39 Caligula
	70 XX
	39–43 Moguntiacum (GS); 43–70 Castra Vetera* (GI)
	Primigenia goddess of Fate. XX in Batavi revolt

	XVI Flavia Firma
	Samsat, Turkey
	Lion
	70 Vespasian
	post 300
	70–117 Satala (CAP); 117 – at least 300 Samosata* SYR
	"Vespasian's steadfast 16th". Reformed XVI Gallica

	XVI Gallica
	Mainz, Germany
	Lion
	41 BC Augustus
	70 DD
	to 43 Moguntiacum* (GS); 43–70 Novaesium* (GI)
	Disbanded for cowardice in Batavi revolt

	XVII
	Xanten, Germany
	
	41 BC Augustus
	AD 9 XX
	to 15 BC AQ?; 15 BC – AD 9 Castra Vetera* (GI)
	Destroyed in Teutoburg Forest, lost aquila standard, never rebuilt

	XVIII
	Xanten, Germany
	
	41 BC Augustus
	AD 9 XX
	to 15 BC AQ?; 15 BC – AD 9 Castra Vetera* (GI)
	Destroyed in Teutoburg Forest, lost aquila standard, never rebuilt.

	XIX
	Xanten, Germany
	
	41 BC Augustus
	AD 9 XX
	to 15 BC unknown; 15 BC – AD 9 somewhere in GI
	Possibly saw action in the conquest of Rhaetia in 15 BC. Destroyed in Teutoburg Forest, lost aquila standard, never rebuilt.

	XX Valeria Victrix
	Chester, England
	Boar
	31 BC Augustus
	after 250 UF
	to AD 9 Burnum DLM; 9–43 Oppidum Ubiorum GI; 43–55 Camulodunum* BRIT; 55–66 Burrium* BRIT; 66–78 Viroconium* BRIT; 78–88 Inchtuthil* BRIT; 88 – at least 250 Deva* BRIT
	vigesima named for Messalla? XX in Allectus' fall 296?

	XXI Rapax
	Windisch, Switzerland
	Capricorn
	31 BC Augustus
	92 XX
	AD 9–43 GI; 43–70 Vindonissa* (RT); 70–89 GI; 89–92 PAN
	"Predator 21st". XX by Roxolani Sarmatian tribe PAN

	XXII Deiotariana
	Alexandria, Egypt
	
	48 BC
	132? 161? XX
	to c. 8 BC GAL; c. 8 BC – at least 123 Alexandria* (AEG)
	GAL king "Deiotarus's 22nd". XX by Jewish rebels in 132? or by Parthians in Armenia in 161?

	XXII Primigenia
	Mainz, Germany
	Hercules
	39 Caligula
	after 300
	39 – c. 300 Moguntiacum* (GS)
	Raised for Caligula's German war

	XXX Ulpia Victrix
	Xanten, Germany
	Jupiter
	105 Trajan
	post 400
	105–122 DC; 122 – c. 400 Castra Vetera* (GI)
	"Trajan's victorious 30th" (M Ulpius Traianus)



Legend[edit]

Legion number and title (cognomen)[edit]

The numbering of the legions is confusing, since several legions shared the same number with others. Augustus numbered the legions he founded himself from I, but also inherited numbers from his predecessors. Each emperor normally numbered the legions he raised himself starting from I. However, even this practice was not consistently followed. For example, Vespasian kept the same numbers as before for legions he raised from disbanded units. Trajan's first legion was numbered XXX because there were 29 other legions in existence at the time it was raised; but the second Trajanic legion was given the sequential number II. XVII, XVIII and XIX, the numbers of the legions annihilated in the Teutoburg Forest, were never used again. (These three legions are without titles, suggesting that in disgrace their titles may have been deliberately forgotten or left unmentioned.) As a result of this somewhat chaotic evolution, the legion's title became necessary to distinguish between legions with the same number.

Legions often carried several titles, awarded after successive campaigns, normally by the ruling emperor e.g. XII Fulminata was also awarded: paterna (fatherly), victrix (victorious), antiqua (venerable), certa constans (reliable, steadfast) and Galliena (Gallienus '). Pia fidelis (loyal and faithful), fidelis constans and others were titles awarded to several legions, sometimes several times to the same legion. Only the most established, commonly used titles are displayed on this table.

The geographical titles indicate


	the country a legion was originally recruited e.g. Italica = from Italy or
	peoples the legion has vanquished e.g.Parthica = victorious over the Parthians


Legions bearing the personal name of an emperor, or of his gens (clan) (e.g. Augusta, Flavia) were either founded by that Emperor or awarded the name as a mark of special favour.

The title GEMINA means that two diminished legions have been combined to make one new one.


Main legionary base[edit]

This shows the castra (base) where the legion spent the longest period during the Principate. Legions often shared the same base with other legions. Detachments of legions were often seconded for lengthy periods to other bases and provinces, as operational needs demanded.


Emblem[edit]

Legions often sported more than one emblem at the same time, and occasionally changed them. Legions raised by Caesar mostly carried a bull emblem originally; those of Augustus mostly a Capricorn


Date disbanded[edit]

For legions that are documented into the 4th century and beyond, we do not know when or how they were terminated. For legions disappearing from the record before 284, the reason (certain or likely) is given as:


	XX = annihilated in battle
	DD = disbanded in disgrace
	UF = unknown fate


Castra legionaria[edit]

Indicates the bases (castra) and/or provinces where the legion was based during its history, with dates.


Notes[edit]

Contains points of note, including explanation of titles and details of a legion's fate.

Province names and borders are assumed throughout the Principate period as at 107, during the rule of Trajan, and after the annexation of Dacia and Arabia Petraea. The map above shows provinces at the end of Trajan's reign, 117. They are the same as in 107, except that Armenia and Mesopotamia have been annexed (they were abandoned soon after Trajan's death); and Pannonia has been split into two (the split occurred c. 107). In reality provincial borders were modified several times between 30 BC and 284: this explains any discrepancy with other sources, as to a legion's location at a particular date.


Late Empire legions[edit]

Main article: Late Roman army

  
Shield pattern of the palatina legion of the Ioviani seniores, according to the Notitia Dignitatum.



Diocletian reorganized the Roman army, in order to better counter the threat of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe as well as that of the Persians from the East. The army was formed by border and field units.

The border (limitanei) units were to occupy the limes, the structured border fortifications, and were formed by professional soldiers with an inferior training.

The field units were to stay well behind the border, and to move quickly where they were needed, with both offensive and defensive roles. Field units were formed by elite soldiers with high-level training and weapons. They were further divided into:


	Scholae: the personal guard of the Emperor, created by Constantine I to replace the Praetorian Guard;
	Palatinae: "palace troops" were the highest ranked units, created by Constantine I after he disbanded the Praetorian Guard, it was comprised originally of former guardsmen;
	Comitatenses: regular field units, some were newly-formed, others were descended from Early-Empire legions;
	Pseudocomitatenses: these were limitanei units diverted into the field army and often kept there; some Early Empire legions became pseudocomitatenses units.


These units usually numbered between 300 and 2,000 soldiers and some of them kept their original numbering schemes. The primary source for the legions of this era is the Notitia Dignitatum, a late 4th-century document containing all the civil and military offices of both halves of the Roman Empire (revised in c. 420 for the Western Empire).


	Legio I
	I Armeniaca
	I Flavia Constantia (reliable Flavian): comitatensis unit under the command of the Magister militum per Orientis
	I Flavia Gallicana Constantia (reliable Flavian legion from Gallia): pseudocomitatensis under the command of the Magister Peditum per Gallias. The legion was founded by Constantius I Chlorus. The legions objective was to protect the Armorican coast and fight the Roman-British usurper, Allectus.[3][4][5]
	I Flavia Martis (Flavian legion devoted to Mars): pseudocomitatensis. The legion was founded by Constantius Chlorus to fight Allectus.[5][6] It was stationed in Gaul.[6]
	I Flavia Pacis (Flavian legion of peace): comitatensis under the command of the Magister Peditum
	I Flavia Theodosiana: comitatensis.
	I Illyricorum (of the Illyrians): stationed at the Camp of Diocletian in Palmyra
	I Iovia (devoted to Jupiter): levied by Diocletian, stationed in Scythia Minor
	I Isaura Sagittaria (archers from Isauria): pseudocomitatensis under the command of the Magister militum per Orientis
	I Iulia Alpina: pseudocomitatensis under the command of the Magister Peditum in Italy. It is unknown who founded the legion although it was probably Crispus or Constans.[7]
	I Martia possibly based near modern Kaiseraugst. The Legion could have had the surname Victrix.[8] The legion was probably founded by Diocletian. It also may have built forts in Valeria.[8]
	I Maximiana Thaebanorum (the Thebans of Maximianus): comitatensis unit stationed near Thebes, Egypt, and probably fighting in the battle of Adrianople
	I Noricorum (of the Noricans): stationed in Noricum. The legion was probably founded by Diocletian to help defend the Danube.
	I Pontica: the legion was founded by Dioceltian to help defend Pontus Polemoniacus.[9] The legion was stationed in Trapezus.[9]


	Legio II
	II Armeniaca
	II Britannica: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
	II Flavia Constantia: comitatensis under the command of the Magister Peditum
	II Flavia Virtutis: comitatensis under the command of the Magister Peditum
	II Herculia (devoted to Hercules): levied by Diocletian, stationed in Scythia Minor
	II Isaura
	II Iulia Alpina: pseudocomitatensis under the command of the Magister Peditum, in Comes Illyricum command. It was probably founded by Crispus or Constans. Its objective was to defend Alpes Cottiae
	II Felix Valentis Thebaeorum: comitatensis


	Legio III
	III Diocletiana
	III Flavia Salutis The Legio III Flacia Salutis was a comitatensis legion of the Late Roman Empire. The legion was raised by either Constantius II or Diocletian. The legion was used to guard North Africa. The Legio III Flavia Salutis was under the command of the Magister Militum in the west.[4][10][11]
	III Herculea: comitatensis under the command of the Comes Illyricum
	III Isaura
	III Iulia Alpina: comitatensis under the command of the Magister Peditum command in Italy


	Legio IV
	IV Italica
	IV Martia
	IV Parthica


	Legio V
	V Iovia  (maybe the Jovians)
	V Parthica


	Legio VI
	VI Gemella
	VI Gallicana
	VI Herculia (maybe the Herculians)
	VI Hispana
	VI Parthica


	Legio XII
	XII Victrix




See also[edit]


	Ancient Rome portal
	War portal



	List of Roman auxiliary regiments
	Roman army
	Auxilia
	Roman legion
	Structural history of the Roman military


Notes[edit]


	^ Boyne, William (1968). A manual of Roman coins. p. 13.

	^ a b c "Roman Legionary Fortresses". www.legionaryfortresses.info. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.


	^ "Legio I Flavia Gallicana Constantia - Livius". www.livius.org. Retrieved 2020-08-06.


	^ a b History of the Roman Legions.


	^ a b Lacey, James (2016). Great Strategic Rivalries From the Classical World to the Cold War. Oxford University Press.


	^ a b "Legio I Flavia Martis - Livius". www.livius.org. Retrieved 2020-08-06.


	^ "Legio I Iulia Alpina - Livius". www.livius.org. Retrieved 2020-08-06.


	^ a b "Legio I Martia - Livius". www.livius.org. Retrieved 2020-08-06.


	^ a b "Legio I Pontica - Livius". www.livius.org. Retrieved 2020-08-06.


	^ DuBois, Michael (2016). Auxillae. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-132-963-758-0.


	^ Lenski, Noel (2006). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine. Cambridge University Press.






References[edit]

Primary sources[edit]

	Notitia Dignitatum reports the military units and their locations at the beginning of the 5th century.


Secondary sources[edit]

	Oxford Classical Dictionary
	Keppie, Lawrence. The Making of the Roman Army, 1984 pp. 205–215
	Stephen Dando-Collins "Legions Of Rome"


External links[edit]

	Legio X – Legio X Gemina (Equites) – "Viri Clarissimi"
	Livius.org: List of Roman legions
	A catalogue of Roman legions
	Legio V Living History Group in Tennessee
	Roman legions from Dacia (KML file)


	
	v
	t
	e


Roman legions

	
	Legio I Adiutrix
	Legio I Armeniaca
	Legio I Flavia Constantia
	Legio I Germanica
	Legio I Iovia
	Legio I Isaura Sagittaria
	Legio I Italica
	Legio I Macriana liberatrix
	Legio I Maximiana
	Legio I Minervia
	Legio I Parthica
	Legio II Adiutrix
	Legio II Armeniaca
	Legio II Augusta
	Legio II Flavia Constantia
	Legio II Flavia Virtutis
	Legio II Gallica
	Legio II Herculia
	Legio II Isaura
	Legio II Italica
	Legio II Parthica
	Legio II Traiana Fortis
	Legio III Augusta
	Legio III Cyrenaica
	Legio III Diocletiana
	Legio III Gallica
	Legio III Isaura
	Legio III Italica
	Legio III Parthica
	Legio IV Flavia Felix
	Legio IV Italica
	Legio IV Macedonica
	Legio IV Scythica
	Legio V Alaudae
	Legio V Iovia
	Legio V Macedonica
	Legio V Parthica
	Legio VI Ferrata
	Legio VI Herculia
	Legio VI Hispana
	Legio VI Victrix
	Legio VII Claudia
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	Legio VIII Augusta
	Legio IX Hispana
	Legio X Equestris
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	Legio XI
	Legio XI Claudia
	Legio XII Fulminata
	Legio XIII Gemina
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	Legio XV Apollinaris
	Legio XV Primigenia
	Legio XVI Flavia Firma
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	Legio XVIII
	Legio XIX
	Legio XX Valeria Victrix
	Legio XXI Rapax
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	Legio XXII Primigenia
	Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix



	








	
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