List of Roman consuls - Wikipedia List of Roman consuls From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Wikimedia list article "List of rulers of the Roman Republic" redirects here. For a list of rulers of the Roman Empire, see List of Roman emperors. Ancient Rome This article is part of a series on the politics and government of ancient Rome Periods Roman Kingdom 753–509 BC Roman Republic 509–27 BC Roman Empire 27 BC – AD 395 Principate 27 BC – AD 284 Dominate AD 284–641 Western AD 395–476 Eastern AD 395–1453 Timeline Roman Constitution Constitution of the Kingdom Constitution of the Republic Constitution of the Empire Constitution of the Late Empire Senate Legislative assemblies Executive magistrates Precedent and law Roman law Ius Imperium Mos maiorum Collegiality Auctoritas Roman citizenship Cursus honorum Senatus consultum Senatus consultum ultimum Assemblies Centuriate Curiate Plebeian Tribal Ordinary magistrates Consul Praetor Quaestor Promagistrate Aedile Tribune Censor Governor Extraordinary magistrates Corrector Dictator Magister equitum Consular tribune Rex Triumviri Decemviri Titles and honours Emperor Legatus Dux Officium Praeses Praefectus Vicarius Vigintisexviri Lictor Magister militum Imperator Princeps senatus Pontifex maximus Augustus Caesar Tetrarch Other countries v t e This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period. Contents 1 Background 1.1 Republican consuls 1.2 Other magistrates included 1.3 The consulship in imperial times 1.4 Chronology 1.5 Consules prior and posterior 1.6 Other lists of consuls 2 Key 2.1 Latin terms 2.2 Abbreviations for praenomina 2.3 Colors 3 6th century BC (509–501) 4 5th century BC (500–401) 5 4th century BC (400–301) 6 3rd century BC (300–201) 7 2nd century BC (200–101) 8 1st century BC (100–1) 9 1st century (1–100) 10 2nd century (101–200) 11 3rd century (201–300) 12 4th century (301–395) 13 Roman Consuls of East and West (396–534) 14 Roman Consuls of the East alone (535–887) 15 References 16 Further reading 16.1 Primary sources 16.2 Secondary sources 17 External links Background[edit] Republican consuls[edit] From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings.[1][2] As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used.[2] If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to replace him. Although his imperium was the same as his predecessor's, he was termed consul suffectus, in order to distinguish him from the consul ordinarius whom he replaced; but the eponymous magistrates for each year were normally the consules ordinarii.[1][2] Because of this method of dating events, it was important to keep records of each year's eponymous magistrates. Many such lists have survived, either in the form of monumental inscriptions, conventionally referred to as fasti, or indirectly through the ancient historians, who had access to linen rolls recording the names of magistrates. Although these lists account for the entire period of the Republic, and most of Imperial times, there are discrepancies due to gaps and disagreements between different sources. Many of these no doubt arose as copying errors, especially those that involved the substitution of a familiar name for a less common one. Others may represent later attempts to edit the lists in order to explain deficiencies in the record, to reconcile conflicting traditions, or to ascribe particular actions or events to the time of a particular individual.[3] Other magistrates included[edit] Occasionally, the authority of the consuls was temporarily superseded by the appointment of a dictator, who held greater imperium than that of the consuls.[1] By tradition, these dictators laid down their office upon the completion of the task for which they were nominated, or after a maximum period of six months, and did not continue in office longer than the year for which the nominating consul had been elected.[4] However, in four years at the end of the 4th century BC, dictators are said to have continued in office in the year following their nomination, in place of consuls. Modern scholars are skeptical of these years, which might be due to later editing of the lists of magistrates in order to fill a gap.[5] All known dictators have been included in this table. Two other types of magistrates are listed during the period of the Republic. In the year 451 BC, a board of ten men, known as decemviri, or decemvirs, was appointed in place of the consuls in order to draw up the tables of Roman law, in a sense establishing the Roman constitution. According to tradition, a second college of decemvirs was appointed for the next year, and these continued in office illegally into 449, until they were overthrown in a popular revolt, and the consulship was reinstated.[6][7] Among the disputes which the decemvirs failed to resolve was the relationship between the patricians, Rome's hereditary aristocracy, and the plebeians, or common citizens. Although it has been argued that some of the consuls prior to the Decemvirate may have been plebeians, the office was definitely closed to them in the second half of the 5th century BC. To prevent open hostility between the two orders, the office of military tribune with consular power, or "consular tribune", was established. In place of patrician consuls, the people could elect a number of military tribunes, who might be either patrician or plebeian.[2][8] According to Livy, this compromise held until 376 BC, when two of the tribunes of the plebs, Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo and Lucius Sextius Lateranus, blocked the election of any magistrates for the following year, unless the senate would agree to place a law before the people opening the consulship to the plebeians, and effecting other important reforms. The senate refused, and the tribunes continued to prevent the election of magistrates for several years until the senate capitulated, and the lex Licinia Sextia was passed, leading to the election of the first plebeian consul in 367.[2][8][9] Other accounts of this event are inconsistent, and current scholarly opinion is that the duration of the period without magistrates may have been exaggerated, or even invented to fill a gap in the record; nevertheless Roman tradition unanimously holds that Licinius and Sextius were able to open the consulship to the plebeians.[10] The consulship in imperial times[edit] In imperial times the consulship became the senior administrative office under the emperors, who frequently assumed the title of consul themselves, and appointed other consuls at will.[1] The consulship was often bestowed as a political favour, or a reward for faithful service. Because there could only be two consuls at once, the emperors frequently appointed several sets of suffecti sequentially in the course of a year; holding the consulship for an entire year became a special honour.[1][2] As the office lost much of its executive authority, and the number of consuls appointed for short and often irregular periods increased, surviving lists from Imperial times are often incomplete, and have been reconstructed from many sources, not always with much certainty. In many cases it is stated that a particular person had been consul, but the exact time cannot be firmly established. As an institution, the consulship survived the abdication of the last emperor of the West, and for a time consuls continued to be appointed, one representing the Eastern Roman Empire, and the other the Western, even as the Western Empire dissolved as a political entity. The last consuls appointed represented only the Eastern Empire, until finally the title became the sole province of the Emperor, who might or might not assume it upon taking office.[1][2] Chronology[edit] For the early Republic, this article observes the Varronian chronology, established by the historian Marcus Terentius Varro, who calculated that Rome was founded in what is now called the year 753 BC (the founding of the city was traditionally observed on the Palilia, a festival occurring on April 21). This becomes the year 1 ab urbe condita, or AUC. The Republic was established in 245 AUC, or 509 BC. Although other ancient historians gave different years, Varro's chronology was the most widely accepted; it was used in the Fasti Capitolini, and its use by Censorinus brought it to the attention of Joseph Scaliger, who helped popularize its use in modern times.[11][12] For Imperial times, the dates of the consules ordinarii are far more certain than those of the suffecti, who were not recorded with the same attention as the eponymous magistrates. Their identification and dating is far more controversial, and despite the efforts of generations of scholars, gaps in coverage remain. Known consules suffecti are shown with their known (or reconstructed) dates of tenure, which normally varied from two to six months — although one suffect consul, Rosius Regulus, is known to have held the fasces for a single day, October 31, AD 69.[13] Where neither consul is known or inferred for a portion of the year, their names are omitted for convenience; if one consul can be named, but his colleague is unknown, the unnamed colleague is listed as ignotus (unknown). Consules prior and posterior[edit] Consuls during the Republic and the early Empire are identified as consul prior and consul posterior, terms that the Romans used to distinguish between the magistrates. The consul prior was the more senior and esteemed of the pair. Under the Republic he was elected first, and had priority in holding the fasces, as well as the honor of being named first in the lists for the year, although in all other respects the two consuls' authority was equal.[1][14] The order of the consuls of the Republic was however edited in the Fasti Capitolini. Augustus and several prominent patricians falsified the Fasti by listing some of their ancestors as consuls prior. Livy apparently gives the initial order throughout most of his work, but seems to have followed the new "official" order in his later books; perhaps he was influenced by the imperial propaganda.[15] When the emperor assumed the consulship, he was necessarily consul prior. This distinction continued until the 4th century AD, when the Empire was divided into a Western Roman Empire and an Eastern Roman Empire: the consuls who were appointed by the court in the Western Empire, which was sometimes at Rome, are commonly identified as the "Western consul", and those appointed by the court in the Eastern, usually Constantinople, the "Eastern consul". These designations were used until the end of the consulship in the 6th century.[16] Other lists of consuls[edit] For a list of consuls whose year of office is uncertain or entirely unknown (usually suffecti, although some of the ordinarii in the breakaway Gallic Empire also lack dates[17]), see the List of undated Roman consuls. For those individuals who were elected consul but never assumed the office due to death, disgrace, or any other reason, see List of Roman consuls designate. Key[edit] Latin terms[edit] Imperator (abbreviated Imp.) = literally "commander"; originally an honorary title bestowed upon a general by his soldiers, the term later became part of the style of the emperors, and the word "emperor" is derived from it. suffectus (abbreviated suff.) = a substitute elected or appointed in place of a magistrate who died or resigned. Information is not available for all consules suffecti, and some may not be listed. ignotus = unknown. All consuls who can be assigned to a particular date, at least tentatively, are included in this table. If neither consul for a given period is known, they are entirely omitted; if one is known, and the other is not, the unknown colleague is referred to as ignotus. sine collega = without colleague. On a few occasions before the dissolution of the Western Empire, only one consul was appointed. post consulatum = after the (preceding) consulship. Used for gaps when no consuls were appointed for a period following the end of another consulship, or at least none are known to have been appointed. inter alios = among others. Abbreviations for praenomina[edit] A. = Aulus Ap. = Appius C. = Gaius Cn. = Gnaeus D. = Decimus K. = Caeso L. = Lucius M. = Marcus M'. = Manius Mam. = Mamercus N. = Numerius Opet. = Opiter P. = Publius Post. = Postumus Proc. = Proculus Q. = Quintus Ser. = Servius Sex. = Sextus Sp. = Spurius T. = Titus Ti. = Tiberius Vop. = Vopiscus Colors[edit] Republican senators Consular Tribunes Decemviri Dictators Imperial senators Emperor serving as consul 6th century BC (509–501)[edit] Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates of the consuls between 509 and 81 BC are taken from Thomas Broughton's The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Year Consul prior Consul posterior 509[18] L. Junius Brutus L. Tarquinius Collatinus suff. Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus P. Valerius Poplicola suff. M. Horatius Pulvillus 508 P. Valerius Poplicola II T. Lucretius Tricipitinus 507 P. Valerius Poplicola III M. Horatius Pulvillus II[19] 506 Sp. Lartius (Rufus or Flavus) T. Herminius Aquilinus[20] 505 M. Valerius Volusus P. Postumius Tubertus 504 P. Valerius Poplicola IV T. Lucretius Tricipitinus II 503 Agrippa Menenius Lanatus P. Postumius Tubertus II 502 Opet. Verginius Tricostus Sp. Cassius Viscellinus 501 Post. Cominius Auruncus T. Lartius (Flavus or Rufus) 5th century BC (500–401)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 500 Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus M'. Tullius Longus 499 T. Aebutius Elva C. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus 498 Q. Cloelius Siculus T. Lartius (Flavus or Rufus) II 497 A. Sempronius Atratinus I M. Minucius Augurinus I 496 A. Postumius Albus Regillensis T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus 495 Ap. Claudius Sabinus Regillensis P. Servilius Priscus Structus 494 A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus 494 Dictator: M'. Valerius Maximus 493 Post. Cominius Auruncus II Sp. Cassius Viscellinus II 492 T. Geganius Macerinus P. Minucius Augurinus 491 M. Minucius Augurinus II A. Sempronius Atratinus II 490 Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus Sp. Lartius (Rufus or Flavus) II[21] 489 C. Julius Iulus P. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus 488 Sp. Nautius Rutilus Sex. Furius Medullinus Tuscus 487 T. Sicinius (Sabinus?) C. Aquillius (Tuscus?) 486 Sp. Cassius Viscellinus III Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus 485 Q. Fabius Vibulanus[22] Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis[22] 484 L. Aemilius Mamercus K. Fabius Vibulanus I 483 M. Fabius Vibulanus I L. Valerius Potitus I 482 Q. Fabius Vibulanus II[22] C. Julius Iulus[22] 481 K. Fabius Vibulanus II Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus 480 M. Fabius Vibulanus II[22] Cn. Manlius Cincinnatus[22] 479 K. Fabius Vibulanus III T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus 478 L. Aemilius Mamercus II C. Servilius Structus Ahala[23] suff. Opet. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus[24] 477 C. Horatius Pulvillus T. Menenius Lanatus[25] 476 A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus Sp. Servilius Structus 475 P. Valerius Poplicola C. Nautius Rutilus 474 L. Furius Medullinus Fusus[22] Cn. Manlius Vulso[22] 473 L. Aemilius Mamercus III Vop. Julius Iulus[26] 472 L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus P. Furius Medullinus Fusus 471 Ap. Claudius Sabinus Regillensis T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus 470 L. Valerius Potitus II Ti. Aemilius Mamercus 469 T. Numicius Priscus A. Verginius Caeliomontanus 468 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus II Q. Servilius Structus Priscus 467 Ti. Aemilius Mamercus II Q. Fabius Vibulanus 466 Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis Q. Servilius Structus Priscus Structus II 465 Q. Fabius Vibulanus II T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus III 464 A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus 463 P. Servilius Priscus L. Aebutius Elva 462 L. Lucretius Tricipitinus T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus 461 P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus 460 P. Valerius Poplicola II C. Claudius Inregillensis Sabinus suff. L. Quinctius Cincinnatus 459 Q. Fabius Vibulanus III L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus 458 C. Nautius Rutilus II L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus[27] 458 Dictator: L. Quinctius 457 C. Horatius Pulvillus II Q. Minucius Esquilinus[28] 456 M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca Sp. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus 455 T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus C. Veturius Cicurinus 454 Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus A. Aternius Varus Fontinalis 453 Sex. Quinctilius Varus P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus suff. Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus II 452 P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus T. Menenius Lanatus 451[29] Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis T. Genucius Augurinus First Decemvirate Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis A. Manlius Vulso T. Genucius Augurinus Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus[30] Veturius Geminus Cicurinus[31] P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus C. Julius Iulus Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis 450 Second Decemvirate Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis II Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus M. Cornelius Maluginensis T. Antonius Merenda L. (?) Sergius Esquilinus[32] K. Duillius L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus Sp. Oppius Cornicen Q. Fabius Vibulanus M'. Rabuleius 449 Second Decemvirate (continued) Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis III Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus II M. Cornelius Maluginensis II T. Antonius Merenda II L. (?) Sergius Esquilinus II K. Duillius II L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus II Sp. Oppius Cornicen II Q. Fabius Vibulanus II M'. Rabuleius II L. Valerius Potitus M. Horatius (Tu?)rrinus Barbatus 448 Lars Herminius Aquilinus T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus 447 M. Geganius Macerinus C. Julius Iulus 446 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus IV[22] Agrippa Furius Fusus[22] 445 M. Genucius Augurinus C. Curtius Philo 444 Consular Tribunes A. Sempronius Atratinus T. Cloelius Siculus L. Atilius Luscus suff. L. Papirius Mugillanus L. Sempronius Atratinus[33] 443 M. Geganius Macerinus II T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus V 442 M. Fabius Vibulanus Post. Aebutius Elva Cornicen 441 C. Furius Pacilus Fusus M'. Papirius Crassus 440 Proc. Geganius Macerinus Menenius Lanatus II[34] 439 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus VI[22] Agrippa Menenius Lanatus[22] 439 Dictator: L. Quinctius Cincinnatus 438 Consular Tribunes Mam. Aemilius Macerinus L. Julius Iulus L. Quinctius Cincinnatus 437 M. Geganius Macerinus III L. Sergius Fidenas suff. M. Valerius Lactuca Maximus 436 L. Papirius Crassus M. Cornelius Maluginensis 435 C. Julius Iulus II L. Verginius Tricostus 434 M. Manlius Capitolinus Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus[35] 433 Consular Tribunes M. Fabius Vibulanus L. Sergius Fidenas M. Folius Flaccinator 432 Consular Tribunes L. Pinarius Mamercinus Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis L. Furius Medullinus 431 T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus C. Julius Mento 430 L. Papirius Crassus II[36] L. Julius Iulus 429 Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus L. Sergius Fidenas II 428 A. Cornelius Cossus T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus II[37] 427 C. Servilius Structus Ahala L. Papirius Mugillanus 426 Consular Tribunes T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis C. Furius Pacilus Fusus A. Cornelius Cossus 425 Consular Tribunes A. Sempronius Atratinus L. Furius Medullinus II L. Quinctius Cincinnatus II L. Horatius Barbatus 424 Consular Tribunes Ap. Claudius Crassus L. Sergius Fidenas II Sp. Nautius Rutilus[38] Sex. Julius Iulus 423 C. Sempronius Atratinus Q. Fabius Vibulanus 422 Consular Tribunes L. Manlius Capitolinus L. Papirius Mugillanus Q. Antonius Merenda 421 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus Cn. Fabius Vibulanus[39] 420 Consular Tribunes Quinctius Cincinnatus[40] M. Manlius Vulso L. Furius Medullinus III A. Sempronius Atratinus II 419 Consular Tribunes Agrippa Menenius Lanatus Sp. Nautius Rutilus P. Lucretius Tricipitinus C. Servilius Axilla 418 Consular Tribunes L. Sergius Fidenas III C. Servilius Axilla II M. Papirius Mugillanus 417 Consular Tribunes P. Lucretius Tricipitinus II Agrippa Menenius Lanatus II Sp. Veturius Crassus[41] C. Servilius Axilla III 416 Consular Tribunes A. Sempronius Atratinus III Q. Fabius Vibulanus M. Papirius Mugillanus II Sp. Nautius Rutilus II 415 Consular Tribunes P. Cornelius Cossus N. Fabius Vibulanus C. Valerius Potitus Volusus Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus 414 Consular Tribunes Cn. Cornelius Cossus Q. Fabius Vibulanus II L. Valerius Potitus P. Postumius Albinus Regillensis 413 L. Furius Medullinus[22] A. Cornelius Cossus II[22] 412 Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus C. Furius Pacilus 411 M. Papirius Atratinus[42] Sp. Nautius Rutilus 410 M'. Aemilius Mamercinus C. Valerius Potitus Volusus 409 Cn. Cornelius Cossus L. Furius Medullinus II 408 Consular Tribunes C. Julius Iulus C. Servilius Ahala P. Cornelius Cossus 407 Consular Tribunes L. Furius Medullinus N. Fabius Vibulanus II C. Valerius Potitus Volusus II C. Servilius Ahala II 406 Consular Tribunes P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus N. Fabius Ambustus Cn. Cornelius Cossus L. Valerius Potitus II 405 Consular Tribunes T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus II L. Furius Medullinus II C. Julius Iulus II M'. Aemilius Mamercinus 404 Consular Tribunes C. Valerius Potitus Volusus III Cn. Cornelius Cossus II M'. Sergius Fidenas K. Fabius Ambustus[43] P. Cornelius Maluginensis Sp. Nautius Rutilus III 403[44] Consular Tribunes M'. Aemilius Mamercinus II M. Quinctilius Varus L. Valerius Potitus III L. Julius Iulus Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis M. Furius Fusus 402 Consular Tribunes C. Servilius Ahala III Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus Q. Servilius Fidenas A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus II L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus M'. Sergius Fidenas II 401 Consular Tribunes L. Valerius Potitus IV Cn. Cornelius Cossus III M. Furius Camillus K. Fabius Ambustus II M'. Aemilius Mamercinus III L. Julius Iulus 4th century BC (400–301)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 400 Consular Tribunes P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus P. Maelius Capitolinus P. Manlius Vulso Sp. Furius Medullinus L. Titinius Pansa Saccus L. Publilius Philo Vulscus 399 Consular Tribunes Cn. Genucius Augurinus C. Duillius Longus L. Atilius Priscus M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus M. Pomponius Rufus Volero Publilius Philo 398 Consular Tribunes L. Valerius Potitus V L. Furius Medullinus III M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus Q. Servilius Fidenas II M. Furius Camillus II Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus II 397 Consular Tribunes L. Julius Iulus II A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis L. Furius Medullinus IV P. Cornelius Maluginensis L. Sergius Fidenas A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus III 396 Consular Tribunes L. Titinius Pansa Saccus II Q. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus II Cn. Genucius Augurinus II P. Maelius Capitolinus II L. Atilius Priscus II 395 Consular Tribunes P. Cornelius Cossus L. Furius Medullinus V P. Cornelius Scipio Q. Servilius Fidenas III K. Fabius Ambustus III M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus II 394 Consular Tribunes M. Furius Camillus III L. Valerius Poplicola L. Furius Medullinus VI Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis C. Aemilius Mamercinus P. Cornelius II[45] 393 L. Valerius Potitus Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis suff.[46] L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus 392 L. Valerius Potitus II M. Manlius Capitolinus 391 Consular Tribunes L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus L. Furius Medullinus VII Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Agrippa Furius Fusus L. Aemilius Mamercinus[47] C. Aemilius Mamercinus II 390 Consular Tribunes Q. Fabius Ambustus Q. Sulpicius Longus K. Fabius Ambustus IV Q. Servilius Fidenas IV N. Fabius Ambustus II P. Cornelius Maluginensis IV 389 Consular Tribunes L. Valerius Poplicola II A. Manlius Capitolinus L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus (II?) L. Aemilius Mamercinus II P. Cornelius L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis 388 Consular Tribunes T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus Q. Servilius Fidenas V L. Julius Iulus L. Aquillius Corvus L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus II Ser. Sulpicius Rufus 387 Consular Tribunes[48] L. Papirius Cursor Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo L. Aemilius Mamercinus III Licinus Menenius Lanatus L. Valerius Poplicola III 386 Consular Tribunes M. Furius Camillus IV Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis Q. Servilius Fidenas VI L. Quinctius Cincinnatus L. Horatius Pulvillus P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola 385 Consular Tribunes A. Manlius Capitolinus II P. Cornelius T. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) Capitolinus II L. Papirius Cursor II L. Quinctius Capitolinus Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo II 384 Consular Tribunes Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis II P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola II M. Furius Camillus V Ser. Sulpicius Rufus II C. Papirius Crassus T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus III 383 Consular Tribunes L. Valerius Poplicola IV A. Manlius Capitolinus IV Ser. Sulpicius Rufus III L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus III L. Aemilius Mamercinus IV M. Trebonius 382 Consular Tribunes Sp. Papirius Crassus L. Papirius Mugillanus Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis III Q. Servilius Fidenas C. Sulpicius Camerinus L. Aemilius Mamercinus V 381 Consular Tribunes M. Furius Camillus VI A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis II L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis II L. Furius Medullinus L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus IV M. Fabius Ambustus 380 Consular Tribunes[49] L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola V P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola III Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis IV Licinus Menenius Lanatus II C. Sulpicius Peticus L. Aemilius Mamercinus VI Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo III Ti. Papirius Crassus L. Papirius Mugillanus II 379 Consular Tribunes P. Manlius Capitolinus Cn. Manlius Vulso L. Julius Iulus II C. Sextilius M. Albinius L. Antistius P. Trebonius[50] C. Erenucius[50] 378 Consular Tribunes Sp. Furius Medullinus Q. Servillius Fidenas II Licinus Menenius Lanatus III P. Cloelius Siculus M. Horatius[51] L. Geganius Macerinus[51] 377 Consular Tribunes L. Aemilius Mamercinus P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola IV C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus Ser. Sulpicius Rufus IV or: Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus L. Quinctius Cincinnatus III C. Quinctius Cincinnatus 376 Consular Tribunes L. Papirius Mugillanus III Licinus Menenius Lanatus IV Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis V Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus II 375– 371 solitudo magistratuum According to Livy (6.35), the tribunes Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius introduced new laws known as the Lex Licinia Sextia, which provoked strong resistance from the patricians. Licinius Stolo and Sextius resorted to using the tribunican veto to prevent either consuls or consular tribunes from being elected.The actual length of this period is controversial, with primary sources stating it was one (Diodorus Siculus), five (Fasti Capitolini), or ten (Livy) years.[52] 370 Consular Tribunes A. Manlius Capitolinus V L. Furius Medullinus II Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus III Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis VI P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola V C. Valerius Potitus 369 Consular Tribunes Q. Servilius Fidenas III C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus II A. Cornelius Cossus M. Cornelius Maluginensis Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus M. Fabius Ambustus II 368 Consular Tribunes Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis VII Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus IV Sp. Servilius Structus T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus L. Papirius Crassus L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus 367 Consular Tribunes A. Cornelius Cossus II M. Cornelius Maluginensis II M. Geganius Macerinus P. Manlius Capitolinus II L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus II P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola VI 366 L. Aemilius Mamercinus L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus (first plebeian) 365 L. Genucius Aventinensis Q. Servilius Ahala 364 C. Sulpicius Peticus C. Licinius Calvus[53] 363 L. Aemilius Mamercinus II Cn. Genucius Aventinensis 362 Q. Servilius Ahala II L. Genucius Aventinensis II 361 C. Sulpicius Peticus II[22] C. Licinius Stolo[53][22] 360 M. Fabius Ambustus I C. Poetelius Libo Visolus 359 M. Popillius Laenas Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus 358 C. Fabius Ambustus C. Plautius Proculus 357 C. Marcius Rutilus Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus II 356 M. Fabius Ambustus II M. Popillius Laenas II 355 C. Sulpicius Peticus III M. Valerius Poplicola 354 M. Fabius Ambustus III T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus[54] 353 C. Sulpicius Peticus IV M. Valerius Poplicola II 352 P. Valerius Poplicola C. Marcius Rutilus II 351 C. Sulpicius Peticus V T. Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus II 350 M. Popillius Laenas III L. Cornelius Scipio 349 L. Furius Camillus Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis[55] 348 M. Valerius (Maximus) Corvus I[22] M. Popillius Laenas IV[22] 347 T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus I[22] C. Plautius Venno (or Venox)[22] 346 M. Valerius (Maximus) Corvus II C. Poetelius Libo Visolus II 345 M. Fabius Dorsuo Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus 344 C. Marcius Rutilus III T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus II 343 A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina M. Valerius (Maximus) Corvus III 342 C. Marcius Rutilus IV[22] Q. Servilius Ahala III[22] 341 C. Plautius Venno (or Venox) II L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas 340 T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus III P. Decius Mus 339 Ti. Aemilius Mamercinus Q. Publilius Philo 338 L. Furius Camillus C. Maenius 337 C. Sulpicius Longus[22] P. Aelius Paetus[22] 336 L. Papirius Crassus K. Duillius 335 M. Valerius (Maximus) Corvus IV[22] M. Atilius Regulus Calenus[22] 334 Sp. Postumius Albinus (Caudinus) T. Veturius Calvinus 333 Dictator: P. Cornelius Rufinus[56] 332 A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina II[22] Cn. Domitius Calvinus[22] 331 M. Claudius Marcellus[22] C. Valerius Potitus[22] 330 L. Papirius Crassus II L. Plautius Venno (or Venox) 329 L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas II C. Plautius Decianus 328[57] Plautius P. Cornelius 327 L. Cornelius Lentulus Q. Publilius Philo II 326 C. Poetelius Libo Visolus III L. Papirius Cursor 325 L. Furius Camillus II D. Junius Brutus Scaeva 324 Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor[56] 323 C. Sulpicius Longus II Q. Aulius Cerretanus[58] 322 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus I[22] L. Fulvius Curvus[22] 321 T. Veturius Calvinus II Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus II 320 Q. Publilius Philo III[22] L. Papirius Cursor II[22] 319 L. Papirius Cursor III[59] Q. Aulius Cerretanus II 318 M. Folius Flaccinator[22] L. Plautius Venno (or Venox)[22] 317 C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus[22] Q. Aemilius Barbula[22] 316 Sp. Nautius Rutilus M. Popillius Laenas 315 L. Papirius Cursor IV Q. Publilius Philo IV 314 M. Poetelius Libo C. Sulpicius Longus III 313 L. Papirius Cursor V C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus II 312 M. Valerius Maximus (Corvinus) I P. Decius Mus I 311 C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus III Q. Aemilius Barbula II 310 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus II C. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus 309 Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor[56] 308 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus III[22] P. Decius Mus II[22] 307 Ap. Claudius Caecus I L. Volumnius Flamma Violens I 306 P. Cornelius Arvina I[22] Q. Marcius Tremulus I[22] 305 L. Postumius Megellus I Ti. Minucius Augurinus suff. M. Fulvius Curvus Paetinus 304 P. Sempronius Sophus P. Sulpicius Saverrio 303 L. Genucius Aventinensis[22] Ser. Cornelius Lentulus[22] 302 M. Livius Denter M. Aemilius Paullus 301 Dictator: M. Valerius Maximus Corvus[56] 3rd century BC (300–201)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 300 M. Valerius Maximus Corvus V Q. Appuleius Pansa 299 M. Fulvius Paetinus T. Manlius Torquatus suff. M. Valerius Maximus Corvus VI 298 L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus Cn. Fulvius Maximus Centumalus 297 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus IV P. Decius Mus III 296 Ap. Claudius Caecus II L. Volumnius Flamma Violens II 295 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus V P. Decius Mus IV 294 L. Postumius Megellus II M. Atilius Regulus 293 L. Papirius Cursor I Sp. Carvilius Maximus I 292 Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges I D. Junius Brutus Scaeva 291 L. Postumius Megellus III C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus I 290 P. Cornelius Rufinus I[22] M'. Curius Dentatus I[22] 289 M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus II Q. Caedicius Noctua 288 Q. Marcius Tremulus II P. Cornelius Arvina II 287 M. Claudius Marcellus C. Nautius Rutilus 286 M. Valerius Maximus Potitus[60] C. Aelius Paetus 285 C. Claudius Canina I M. Aemilius Lepidus 284 C. Servilius Tucca L. Caecilius Metellus Denter 283 P. Cornelius Dolabella Cn. Domitius Calvinus Maximus 282 C. Fabricius Luscinus I Q. Aemilius Papus I 281 L. Aemilius Barbula Q. Marcius Philippus 280 P. Valerius Laevinus Ti. Coruncanius 279 P. Sulpicius Saverrio P. Decius Mus 278 C. Fabricius Luscinus II Q. Aemilius Papus II 277 P. Cornelius Rufinus II C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus II 276 Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges II C. Genucius Clepsina I 275 M'. Curius Dentatus II L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus 274 Ser. Cornelius Merenda[22] M'. Curius Dentatus III[22] 273 C. Fabius Licinus C. Claudius Canina II 272 L. Papirius Cursor II Sp. Carvilius Maximus II 271 K. Quinctius Claudus L. Genucius Clepsina 270 C. Genucius Clepsina II Cn. Cornelius Blasio 269 Q. Ogulnius Gallus C. Fabius Pictor 268 P. Sempronius Sophus Ap. Claudius Russus 267 M. Atilius Regulus I L. Julius Libo 266 D. Junius Pera N. Fabius Pictor 265 Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges L. Mamilius Vitulus 264 Ap. Claudius Caudex M. Fulvius Flaccus 263 M'. Valerius Maximus Mesalla M'. Otacilius Crassus I 262 L. Postumius Megellus Q. Mamilius Vitulus 261 L. Valerius Flaccus T. Otacilius Crassus 260 Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina I C. Duilius 259 L. Cornelius Scipio C. Aquillius Florus 258 A. Atilius Calatinus I C. Sulpicius Paterculus 257 Cn. Cornelius Blasio II[22] C. Atilius Regulus I[22] 256 L. Manlius Vulso Longus I Q. Caedicius suff. M. Atilius Regulus II 255 Ser. Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior[22] M. Aemilius Paullus[22] 254 Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina II A. Atilius Calatinus II 253 Cn. Servilius Caepio C. Sempronius Blaesus 252 C. Aurelius Cotta I P. Servilius Geminus I 251 L. Caecilius Metellus I C. Furius Pacilus 250 C. Atilius Regulus II L. Manlius Vulso Longus II 249 P. Claudius Pulcher L. Junius Pullus 248 C. Aurelius Cotta II P. Servilius Geminus II 247 L. Caecilius Metellus II N. Fabius Buteo 246 M'. Otacilius Crassus II M. Fabius Licinus 245 M. Fabius Buteo C. Atilius Bulbus I 244 A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus I C. Sempronius Blaesus II 243 C. Fundanius Fundulus C. Sulpicius Galus 242 C. Lutatius Catulus A. Postumius Albinus 241 A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus II Q. Lutatius Cerco 240 C. Claudius Centho M. Sempronius Tuditanus 239 C. Mamilius Turrinus Q. Valerius Falto 238 Ti. Sempronius Gracchus P. Valerius Falto 237 L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus Q. Fulvius Flaccus I 236 P. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus C. Licinius Varus 235 T. Manlius Torquatus I C. Atilius Bulbus II 234 L. Postumius Albinus I Sp. Carvilius Maximus Ruga I 233 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus I M'. Pomponius Matho 232 M. Aemilius Lepidus M. Publicius Malleolus 231 M. Pomponius Matho C. Papirius Maso 230 M. Aemilius Barbula M. Junius Pera 229 L. Postumius Albinus II Cn. Fulvius Centumalus 228 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus II[22] Sp. Carvilius Maximus Ruga II[22] 227 P. Valerius Flaccus M. Atilius Regulus I 226 M. Valerius Maximus Messalla L. Apustius Fullo 225 L. Aemilius Papus C. Atilius Regulus 224 T. Manlius Torquatus II Q. Fulvius Flaccus II 223 C. Flaminius I P. Furius Philus 222 M. Claudius Marcellus I[22] Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus[22] 221 P. Cornelius Scipio Asina M. Minucius Rufus 220[61] M. Valerius Laevinus Q. Mucius Scaevola Q. Lutatius Catulus L. Veturius Philo 219 L. Aemilius Paullus I M. Livius (Salinator) I 218 P. Cornelius Scipio Ti. Sempronius Longus 217 Cn. Servilius Geminus C. Flaminius II 217 Dictator: Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus III suff. M. Atilius Regulus II 216 L. Aemilius Paullus II C. Terentius Varro 215 Ti. Sempronius Gracchus I L. Postumius Albinus III[62] suff. M. Claudius Marcellus II[63] suff. Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus III 214 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus IV M. Claudius Marcellus III 213 Q. Fabius Maximus Ti. Sempronius Gracchus II 212 Q. Fulvius Flaccus III[22] Ap. Claudius Pulcher[22] 211 Cn. Fulvius Centumalus Maximus[22] P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus I[22] 210 M. Claudius Marcellus IV[22] M. Valerius Laevinus[22] 209 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus V Q. Fulvius Flaccus IV 208 M. Claudius Marcellus V T. Quinctius Crispinus 207 C. Claudius Nero M. Livius Salinator II 206 L. Veturius Philo Q. Caecilius Metellus 205 P. Cornelius Scipio (Africanus) I P. Licinius Crassus Dives 204 M. Cornelius Cethegus P. Sempronius Tuditanus 203 Cn. Servilius Caepio C. Servilius Geminus 202 Ti. Claudius Nero M. Servilius Pulex Geminus 201 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus P. Aelius Paetus 2nd century BC (200–101)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 200 P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus II C. Aurelius Cotta 199 L. Cornelius Lentulus P. Villius Tappulus 198 T. Quinctius Flamininus Sex. Aelius Paetus Catus 197 C. Cornelius Cethegus Q. Minucius Rufus 196 L. Furius Purpureo M. Claudius Marcellus 195 L. Valerius Flaccus[22] M. Porcius Cato[22] 194 P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus II Ti. Sempronius Longus 193 L. Cornelius Merula Q. Minucius Thermus 192 L. Quinctius Flamininus Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus 191 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica[22] M'. Acilius Glabrio[22] 190 L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus C. Laelius 189 M. Fulvius Nobilior[22] Cn. Manlius Vulso[22] 188 C. Livius Salinator M. Valerius Messalla 187 M. Aemilius Lepidus I C. Flaminius 186 Sp. Postumius Albinus Q. Marcius Philippus I 185 Ap. Claudius Pulcher M. Sempronius Tuditanus 184 P. Claudius Pulcher L. Porcius Licinus 183 M. Claudius Marcellus[22] Q. Fabius Labeo[22] 182 L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus I Cn. Baebius Tamphilus 181 P. Cornelius Cethegus M. Baebius Tamphilus 180 A. Postumius Albinus Luscus C. Calpurnius Piso suff. Q. Fulvius Flaccus 179 Q. Fulvius Flaccus[22] L. Manlius Acidinus Fulvianus[22] 178 M. Junius Brutus A. Manlius Vulso 177 C. Claudius Pulcher Ti. Sempronius Gracchus I 176 Cn. Cornelius Scipio Hispallus Q. Petillius Spurinus suff. C. Valerius Laevinus 175 M. Aemilius Lepidus II[22] P. Mucius Scaevola[22] 174 Sp. Postumius Albinus Paullulus Q. Mucius Scaevola 173 L. Postumius Albinus M. Popillius Laenas 172 C. Popillius Laenas I P. Aelius Ligus 171 P. Licinius Crassus C. Cassius Longinus 170 A. Hostilius Mancinus A. Atilius Serranus 169 Q. Marcius Philippus II Cn. Servilius Caepio 168 L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus II C. Licinius Crassus 167 Q. Aelius Paetus M. Junius Pennus 166 M. Claudius Marcellus I[22] C. Sulpicius Galus[22] 165 Cn. Octavius[22] T. Manlius Torquatus[22] 164 A. Manlius Torquatus Q. Cassius Longinus 163 Ti. Sempronius Gracchus II M'. Juventius Thalna 162 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum I C. Marcius Figulus I suff. P. Cornelius Lentulus Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus 161 M. Valerius Messalla C. Fannius Strabo 160 L. Anicius Gallus M. Cornelius Cethegus 159 Cn. Cornelius Dolabella M. Fulvius Nobilior 158 M. Aemilius Lepidus C. Popillius Laenas II 157 Sex. Julius Caesar L. Aurelius Orestes 156 L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus C. Marcius Figulus II 155 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum II M. Claudius Marcellus II 154 Q. Opimius L. Postumius Albinus suff. M'. Acilius Glabrio 153 Q. Fulvius Nobilior T. Annius Luscus 152 M. Claudius Marcellus III L. Valerius Flaccus 151 L. Licinius Lucullus A. Postumius Albinus 150 T. Quinctius Flamininus M'. Acilius Balbus 149 L. Marcius Censorinus M'. Manilius 148 Sp. Postumius Albinus Magnus L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus 147 P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus I C. Livius Drusus 146 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus L. Mummius Achaicus 145 Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus L. Hostilius Mancinus 144 Ser. Sulpicius Galba L. Aurelius Cotta 143 Ap. Claudius Pulcher Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus 142 L. Caecilius Metellus Calvus Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus 141 Cn. Servilius Caepio Q. Pompeius 140 Q. Servilius Caepio[22] C. Laelius[22] 139 Cn. Calpurnius Piso M. Popillius Laenas 138 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio D. Junius Brutus Callaicus 137 M. Aemilius Lepidus Porcina C. Hostilius Mancinus 136 L. Furius Philus Sex. Atilius Serranus 135 Ser. Fulvius Flaccus Q. Calpurnius Piso 134 P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus II C. Fulvius Flaccus 133 P. Mucius Scaevola L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi 132 P. Popillius Laenas P. Rupilius 131 P. Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus L. Valerius Flaccus 130 M. Perperna[22] L. Cornelius Lentulus[22] suff. Ap. Claudius Pulcher 129 C. Sempronius Tuditanus M'. Aquillius 128 Cn. Octavius T. Annius Rufus 127 L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla L. Cornelius Cinna 126 M. Aemilius Lepidus L. Aurelius Orestes 125 M. Plautius Hypsaeus M. Fulvius Flaccus 124 C. Cassius Longinus C. Sextius Calvinus 123 Q. Caecilius Metellus Balearicus T. Quinctius Flamininus 122 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus C. Fannius 121 L. Opimius Q. Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus 120 P. Manilius C. Papirius Carbo 119 L. Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus L. Aurelius Cotta 118 M. Porcius Cato Q. Marcius Rex 117 L. Caecilius Metellus Diadematus Q. Mucius Scaevola Augur 116 C. Licinius Geta Q. Fabius Maximus Eburnus 115 M. Aemilius Scaurus M. Caecilius Metellus 114 M'. Acilius Balbus C. Porcius Cato 113 C. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius Cn. Papirius Carbo 112 M. Livius Drusus L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus 111 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica L. Calpurnius Bestia 110 M. Minucius Rufus Sp. Postumius Albinus 109 Q. Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus) M. Junius Silanus 108 Ser. Sulpicius Galba M. Aurelius Scaurus 107 L. Cassius Longinus C. Marius I suff. M. Aemilius Scaurus II 106 Q. Servilius Caepio[22] C. Atilius Serranus[22] 105 P. Rutilius Rufus Cn. Mallius Maximus 104 C. Marius II C. Flavius Fimbria 103 C. Marius III L. Aurelius Orestes 102 C. Marius IV Q. Lutatius Catulus 101 C. Marius V M'. Aquillius 1st century BC (100–1)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 100[64] C. Marius VI L. Valerius Flaccus 99 M. Antonius A. Postumius Albinus 98 Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos T. Didius 97 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus P. Licinius Crassus 96 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus C. Cassius Longinus 95 L. Licinius Crassus Q. Mucius Scaevola 94 C. Coelius Caldus L. Domitius Ahenobarbus 93 C. Valerius Flaccus M. Herennius 92 C. Claudius Pulcher M. Perperna 91 L. Marcius Philippus Sex. Julius Caesar 90 L. Julius Caesar P. Rutilius Lupus 89 Cn. Pompeius Strabo L. Porcius Cato 88 L. Cornelius Sulla I Q. Pompeius Rufus 87 Cn. Octavius L. Cornelius Cinna I suff. L. Cornelius Merula 86 L. Cornelius Cinna II C. Marius VII suff. L. Valerius Flaccus 85 L. Cornelius Cinna III Cn. Papirius Carbo I 84 Cn. Papirius Carbo II L. Cornelius Cinna IV 83 L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus C. Norbanus 82 C. Marius Cn. Papirius Carbo III 81 M. Tullius Decula Cn. Cornelius Dolabella 81 Dictator: L. Cornelius Sulla Felix 80[65] L. Cornelius Sulla Felix II Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius 79 P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus Ap. Claudius Pulcher 78 M. Aemilius Lepidus Q. Lutatius Catulus 77 D. Junius Brutus Mam. Aemilius Lepidus Livianus 76 Cn. Octavius C. Scribonius Curio 75 L. Octavius C. Aurelius Cotta 74 L. Licinius Lucullus M. Aurelius Cotta 73 M. Terentius Varro Lucullus C. Cassius Longinus 72 L. Gellius Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus 71 P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura Cn. Aufidius Orestes 70 Cn. Pompeius Magnus I M. Licinius Crassus I 69 Q. Hortensius Hortalus Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus 68 L. Caecilius Metellus Q. Marcius Rex suff. Servilius Vatia[66] 67 C. Calpurnius Piso M'. Acilius Glabrio 66 M'. Aemilius Lepidus L. Volcatius Tullus 65[67] consules designati P. Cornelius Sulla P. Autronius Paetus L. Aurelius Cotta L. Manlius Torquatus 64 L. Julius Caesar C. Marcius Figulus 63 M. Tullius Cicero C. Antonius Hybrida 62 D. Junius Silanus L. Licinius Murena 61 M. Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus M. Valerius Messalla Niger 60 Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer L. Afranius 59 C. Julius Caesar I M. Calpurnius Bibulus 58 L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus A. Gabinius 57 P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos 56 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus L. Marcius Philippus 55 Cn. Pompeius Magnus II M. Licinius Crassus II 54 L. Domitius Ahenobarbus Ap. Claudius Pulcher 53 Cn. Domitius Calvinus I M. Valerius Messalla Rufus 52 Cn. Pompeius Magnus III Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio 51 Ser. Sulpicius Rufus M. Claudius Marcellus 50 L. Aemilius Paullus C. Claudius Marcellus 49 C. Claudius Marcellus L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus 48 C. Julius Caesar II P. Servilius Isauricus I 47 Q. Fufius Calenus P. Vatinius 46 C. Julius Caesar III M. Aemilius Lepidus I 45 C. Julius Caesar IV sine collega suff. Q. Fabius Maximus C. Trebonius suff. C. Caninius Rebilus 44 C. Julius Caesar V M. Antonius I suff. P. Cornelius Dolabella 43 C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus A. Hirtius suff. C. Julius Caesar (Octavianus) I Q. Pedius suff. P. Ventidius Bassus C. Carrinas 42 M. Aemilius Lepidus II L. Munatius Plancus 41 L. Antonius Pietas P. Servilius Isauricus II 40 Cn. Domitius Calvinus II C. Asinius Pollio suff. L. Cornelius Balbus P. Canidius Crassus 39[68] L. Marcius Censorinus C. Calvisius Sabinus suff. P. Alfenus Varus (after October–December) suff. C. Cocceius Balbus (December) 38[68] Ap. Claudius Pulcher (January–June) C. Norbanus Flaccus (January–August) suff. L. Cornelius Lentulus (July–December) suff. L. Marcius Philippus (September–December) 37 M. Vipsanius Agrippa I L. Caninius Gallus suff. T. Statilius Taurus I 36[69] L. Gellius Poplicola (January–August) M. Cocceius Nerva (January–June) suff. Q. Marcius (July–December) suff. L. Nonius Asprenas (September–December) 35[68] L. Cornificius (January–August) Sex. Pompeius (January–June) suff. P. Cornelius Dolabella (September–December) suff. T. Peducaeus (July–December) 34[70] M. Antonius II (1 January only) L. Scribonius Libo (January–June) suff. L. Sempronius Atratinus (2 January–June) suff. Paullus Aemilius Lepidus (July–December) C. Memmius (July–August) suff. M. Herennius Picens (September–December) 33[70] Imp. Caesar divi f. II (1 January only) L. Volcacius Tullus (January–April) suff. L. Autronius Paetus (2 January–April) suff. L. Flavius (May–June or August) C. Fonteius Capito (May–June or August) suff. M. Acilius Glabrio (July–August or September) suff. L. Vinicius (September–December) suff. Q. Laronius (October–December) 32 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus C. Sosius suff. L. Cornelius Cinna M. Valerius Messalla 31 M. Antonius III (only in the east) Imp. Caesar divi f. III suff. M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus suff. M. Titius suff. Cn. Pompeius 30 Imp. Caesar divi f. IV M. Licinius Crassus suff. C. Antistius Vetus suff. M. Tullius Cicero suff. L. Saenius 29 Imp. Caesar divi f. V Sex. Appuleius suff. Potitus Valerius Messalla 28 Imp. Caesar divi f. VI M. Vipsanius Agrippa II 27 Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus VII M. Vipsanius Agrippa III 26 Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus VIII T. Statilius Taurus II 25 Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus IX M. Junius Silanus 24 Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus X C. Norbanus Flaccus 23[71] Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus XI (January–June) Cn. Calpurnius Piso (January–December)[72] suff. L. Sestius Albanianus Quirinalis (July–December) 22 M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus L. Arruntius 21 M. Lollius Q. Aemilius Lepidus 20 M. Appuleius P. Silius Nerva 19[73] C. Sentius Saturninus (until some point between 1 August and 12 October) sine collega suff. M. Vinicius (before 12 October–December) Q. Lucretius Vespillo (before 12 October–December) 18 Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Cn. Cornelius Lentulus 17 C. Furnius C. Junius Silanus 16 L. Domitius Ahenobarbus P. Cornelius Scipio suff. L. Tarius Rufus 15 M. Livius Drusus Libo L. Calpurnius Piso 14 M. Licinius Crassus Frugi Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Augur 13 Ti. Claudius Nero I P. Quinctilius Varus 12[74] M. Valerius Messalla Appianus (died 6 March) P. Sulpicius Quirinius (January–after 29 August) suff. C. Valgius Rufus (March–after 29 August) suff. C. Caninius Rebilus (until death in office) L. Volusius Saturninus (until December) 11 Q. Aelius Tubero Paullus Fabius Maximus 10 Africanus Fabius Maximus Iullus Antonius 9 Nero Claudius Drusus T. Quinctius Crispinus Sulpicianus 8 C. Marcius Censorinus C. Asinius Gallus 7 Ti. Claudius Nero II Cn. Calpurnius Piso 6 D. Laelius Balbus C. Antistius Vetus 5[75] Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus XII (January–after 11 April) L. Cornelius Sulla (January–after 11 April) suff. Q. Haterius (before 1 July–December) L. Vinicius (until 16 July or 13 August) suff. C. Sulpicius Galba (until 31 December) 4 C. Calvisius Sabinus L. Passienus Rufus suff. C. Caelius (Rufus?) Galus Sulpicius 3 L. Cornelius Lentulus M. Valerius Messalla Messallinus 2[76] Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus XIII (January–August) M. Plautius Silvanus (January–June) suff. L. Caninius Gallus (July–December) suff. C. Fufius Geminus (September–October) suff. Q. Fabricius (November–December) 1 Cossus Cornelius Lentulus (Gaetulicus) L. Calpurnius Piso suff. A. Plautius A. Caecina Severus 1st century (1–100)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 1[77] C. Caesar (January–December) L. Aemilius Paullus (January–June) suff. M. Herennius Picens (July–December) 2 P. Vinicius (January–June) P. Alfenus Varus suff. P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio (July–December) T. Quinctius Crispinus Valerianus 3 L. Aelius Lamia (January–June) M. Servilius suff. P. Silius (July–December) L. Volusius Saturninus 4 Sex. Aelius Catus (January–June) C. Sentius Saturninus suff. Cn. Sentius Saturninus (July–December) C. Clodius Licinus 5 L. Valerius Messalla Volesus (January–June) Cn. Cornelius Cinna Magnus suff. C. Vibius Postumus (July–December) C. Ateius Capito 6 M. Aemilius Lepidus (January–December) L. Arruntius (January–June) suff. L. Nonius Asprenas (July–December) 7 Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus (January–December) A. Licinius Nerva Silianus (January–June) suff. Lucilius Longus (July–December) 8 M. Furius Camillus (January–June) Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus suff. L. Apronius (July–December) A. Vibius Habitus 9 C. Poppaeus Sabinus (January–June) Q. Sulpicius Camerinus suff. M. Papius Mutilus (July–December) Q. Poppaeus Secundus 10 P. Cornelius Dolabella (January–June) C. Junius Silanus suff. Ser. Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis (July–December) Q. Junius Blaesus 11 M'. Aemilius Lepidus (January–June) T. Statilius Taurus (January–December) suff. L. Cassius Longinus (July–December) 12 Germanicus Julius Caesar (January–December) C. Fonteius Capito (January–June) suff. C. Visellius Varro (July–December) 13[78] C. Silius (January–June) L. Munatius Plancus (January–December) suff. A. Caecina Largus (July–December) 14[79] Sex. Pompeius (January–December) Sex. Appuleius 15 Drusus Julius Caesar (January–December) C. Norbanus Flaccus (January–June) suff. M. Junius Silanus (July–December) 16 Sisenna Statilius Taurus (January–June) L. Scribonius Libo suff. C. Vibius Rufus (July–December) P. Pomponius Graecinus 17 L. Pomponius Flaccus (January–June) C. Caelius Rufus suff. C. Vibius Marsus (July–December) L. Voluseius Proculus 18 Ti. Caesar Augustus III (January) Germanicus Julius Caesar II (January–April) suff. L. Seius Tubero (February–July) Livineius Regulus (May–July) suff. C. Rubellius Blandus (August–December) M. Vipstanus Gallus 19 M. Junius Silanus Torquatus (January–December) L. Norbanus Balbus (January–June) suff. P. Petronius (July–December) 20 M. Valerius Messala Barbatus (January–December) M. Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus 21 Ti. Caesar Augustus IV (January–June) Drusus Julius Caesar II suff. Mam. Aemilius Scaurus (July–December) Cn. Tremellius 22[80] D. Haterius Agrippa C. Sulpicius Galba suff. M. Cocceius Nerva[81] C. Vibius Rufinus[82] 23 C. Asinius Pollio (January–December) C. Antistius Vetus (January–June) suff. C. Stertinius Maximus (July–December) 24 Ser. Cornelius Cethegus (January–June) L. Visellius Varro suff. C. Calpurnius Aviola (July–December) P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio 25 Cossus Cornelius Lentulus (January–August) M. Asinius Agrippa (January–December) suff. C. Petronius (September–December) 26 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus (January–June) C. Calvisius Sabinus suff. Q. Junius Blaesus (July–December) L. Antistius Vetus 27 L. Calpurnius Piso (January–June) M. Licinius Crassus Frugi suff. P. Cornelius Lentulus (July–December) C. Sallustius Passienus Crispus 28 Ap. Junius Silanus (January–June) P. Silius Nerva suff. L. Junius Silanus (July–December) C. Vellaeus Tutor 29 C. Fufius Geminus (January–June) L. Rubellius Geminus suff. A. Plautius (July–December) L. Nonius Asprenas 30 L. Cassius Longinus (January–June) M. Vinicius suff. L. Naevius Surdinus (July–December) C. Cassius Longinus 31[83] Ti. Caesar Augustus V (January-8 May) L. Aelius Seianus suff. Faustus Cornelius Sulla (9 May–September) Sex. Tedius Valerius Catullus (9 May–June) suff. L. Fulcinius Trio (July–December) suff. P. Memmius Regulus (October–December) 32 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus (January–December) L. Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus (January–June) suff. A. Vitellius (July–December) 33 L. Livius Ocella Ser. Sulpicius Galba (January–June) L. Cornelius Sulla Felix suff. L. Salvius Otho (July–December) C. Octavius Laenas 34 Paullus Fabius Persicus (January–June) L. Vitellius I suff. Q. Marcius Barea Soranus (July–December) T. Rustius Nummius Gallus 35 C. Cestius Gallus (January–June) M. Servilius Nonianus suff. D. Valerius Asiaticus (July–December) A. Gabinius Secundus 36 Sex. Papinius Allenius (January–June) Q. Plautius suff. C. Vettius Rufus[84] (July–December) M. Porcius Cato 37[85] Cn. Acerronius Proculus (January–June) C. Petronius Pontius Nigrinus suff. C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus (July–August) Ti. Claudius Nero Germanicus suff. A. Caecina Paetus (September–December) C. Caninius Rebilus 38 M. Aquila Julianus (January–June) P. Nonius Asprenas Calpurnius Serranus suff. Ser. Asinius Celer (July–December) Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus 39 C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January) L. Apronius Caesianus (January–June) suff. Q. Sanquinius Maximus (February–June) suff. Cn. Domitius Corbulo (July–1 September) ignotus suff. A. Didius Gallus (2 September–December) Cn. Domitius Afer 40 C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (To 13 January) sine collega suff. C. Laecanius Bassus (January–June) Q. Terentius Culleo 41[86] C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January) Cn. Sentius Saturninus (January–June) suff. Q. Pomponius Secundus (February–June) suff. Q. Futius Lusius Saturninus (September–October) M. Seius Varanus suff. Q. Ostorius Scapula[87] (November–December) P. Suillius Rufus 42 Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January–February) C. Caecina Largus (January–December) suff. C. Cestius Gallus (March–? June) suff. Cornelius Lupus[88] 43[89] Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (January–February) L. Vitellius II suff. Sex. Palpellius Hister (March–July) L. Pedanius Secundus suff. A. Gabinius Secundus (August–September) ignotus suff. Q. Curtius Rufus (October–December) Sp. Oppius[90] 44[91] C. Sallustius Crispus Passienus II (early January) T. Statilius Taurus (January–June) suff. P. Calvisius Sabinus Pomponius Secundus (early January–June) 45 M. Vinicius II (January–February) T. Statilius Taurus Corvinus (January–June) suff. Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus (March–June) suff. A. Antonius Rufus (July–? October) M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus 46 D. Valerius Asiaticus II (January–February) M. Junius Silanus (January–December) suff. Camerinus Antistius Vetus (Early March)[92] suff. Q. Sulpicius Camerinus (Early March–June) suff. D. Laelius Balbus (July–August) suff. C. Terentius Tullius Geminus (September–December) 47[93] Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January–February) L. Vitellius III suff. C. Calpetanus Rantius Sedatus (March–April) M. Hordeonius Flaccus suff. Cn. Hosidius Geta (July–December) T. Flavius Sabinus (July–August) suff. L. Vagellius (September–October) suff. C. Volasenna Severus (November–December) 48 A. Vitellius (January–June) L. Vipstanus Poplicola[94] suff. L. Vitellius (July–December) Messalla Vipstanus Gallus 49 Q. Veranius (January–February) C. Pompeius Longus Gallus suff. L. Mammius Pollio (March–June) Q. Allius Maximus 50 C. Antistius Vetus (January–? February) M. Suillius Nerullinus 51 Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus V (January–December) Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus (January–June) suff. L. Calventius Vetus Carminius (by September–October) suff. T. Flavius Vespasianus (November–December) 52 Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix (January–December) L. Salvius Otho Titianus I (January–June) suff. Q. Marcius Barea Soranus (Attested 10 August) suff. L. Salvidienus Rufus Salvianus (Attested 11 December) 53 D. Junius Silanus Torquatus (January–June) Q. Haterius Antoninus suff. P. Trebonius (June–? October) Q. Caecina Primus suff. P. Calvisius Ruso (? November–December) 54 M'. Acilius Aviola (January–June) M. Asinius Marcellus suff. M. Aefulanus (After June)[95] ignotus 55[96] Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (January–February) L. Antistius Vetus[97] suff. N. Cestius (March–April) suff. P. Cornelius Dolabella (May–June) L. Annaeus Seneca (until October) suff. M. Trebellius Maximus (July–August) suff. P. Palfurius (September–October) suff. Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus (November–December) T. Curtilius Mancia 56 Q. Volusius Saturninus (January–June) P. Cornelius (Lentulus?) Scipio suff. L. Junius Gallio Annaeanus (July–August) T. Cutius Ciltus suff. P. Sulpicius Scribonius Rufus (September–October) P. Sulpicius Scribonius Proculus suff. L. Duvius Avitus (November–December) P. Clodius Thrasea Paetus 57[98] Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January–December) L. Calpurnius Piso (January–June) suff. L. Caesius Martialis (July–December) 58 Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (January–April) M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus (January–June) suff. C. Fonteius Agrippa (May–June) suff. A. Petronius Lurco (July–December) A. Paconius Sabinus 59 C. Vipstanus Apronianus (January–June) C. Fonteius Capito suff. T. Sextius Africanus (July–December) M. Ostorius Scapula 60 Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January–June) Cossus Cornelius Lentulus suff. C. Velleius Paterculus (July–October) M. Manilius Vopiscus 61 P. Petronius Turpilianus (January–June) L. Junius Caesennius Paetus suff. Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator (July–August) L. Velleius Paterculus 62[99] P. Marius[100] (January – April) Lucius Afinius Gallus suff. Q. Manlius Ancharius Tarquitius Saturninus (May–August) P. Petronius Niger suff. Q. Junius Marullus[101] (September–December) T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus 63 C. Memmius Regulus (January–June) L. Verginius Rufus suff. T. Petronius Niger[102] (July–August) Q. Manlius Tarquitius Saturninus 64 C. Laecanius Bassus (January–June) M. Licinius Crassus Frugi suff. C. Licinius Mucianus I (July–October) Q. Fabius Barbarus Antonius Macer 65 A. Licinius Nerva Silianus (January–June) M. Julius Vestinus Atticus (Killed self in April) suff. P. Pasidienus Firmus (Attested 18 June)[103] suff. C. Pomponius Pius (Attested 13 August) C. Anicius Cerialis 66 C. Luccius Telesinus (January–June) C. Suetonius Paullinus suff.[104] M. Annius Afrinus (July–August) C. Paccius Africanus suff. M. Arruntius Aquila (September–December) M. Vettius Bolanus 67 L. Julius Rufus (January–June) Fonteius Capito (January–May) suff. L. Aurelius Priscus (June) suff.[104] Ap. Annius Gallus (July–December) L. Verulanus Severus 68[105] Ti. Catius Asconius Silius Italicus (January–March) P. Galerius Trachalus suff. Imp. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus V (April–June) C. Luccius Telesinus II (May-June) suff. C. Bellicius Natalis (September–December) P. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus 69[106] Ser. Galba Imp. Caesar Augustus II (Murdered 15 January) T. Vinius (Rufinus?) (Murdered 15 January) suff. M. Otho Caesar Augustus (15 January–28 February) L. Salvius Otho Titianus II suff. L. Verginius Rufus II (March) L. Pompeius Vopiscus suff. Cn. Arulenus Caelius Sabinus (April–June) T. Flavius Sabinus I suff. Cn. Arrius Antoninus (July–August) A. Marius Celsus suff. Fabius Valens (September–October) A. Caecina Alienus (September–30 October) suff. Rosius Regulus (31 October) suff. Cn. Caecilius Simplex (November−December) C. Quinctius Atticus 70[107] Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus II (January–June) T. Caesar Vespasianus suff. C. Licinius Mucianus II (July–August) Q. Petillius Cerealis Caesius Rufus suff.[108] Q. Julius Cordinus C. Rutilius Gallicus (September–October) ignotus suff. L. Annius Bassus (November–December) C. Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus 71[109] Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus III (January–February) M. Cocceius Nerva I suff. Caesar Domitianus (March–June) Cn. Pedius Cascus (March–April) suff. C. Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus (May–June) suff. L. Flavius Fimbria (July–August) C. Atilius Barbarus suff.[110] Cn. Pompeius Collega (November–December) Q. Julius Cordus 72 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus IV (January–April) T. Caesar Vespasianus II suff. C. Licinius Mucianus III (May–? June) T. Flavius Sabinus II suff. M. Ulpius Traianus[108] (September–October) suff.[111] Sex. Marcius Priscus (November–December) Cn. Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula 73 Caesar Domitianus II (January–? February) L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus suff. L. Aelius Oculatus (May–June) Q. Gavius Atticus suff. M. Arrecinus Clemens I (July–? August) . ]m[ .....[112] suff. Sex. Julius Frontinus ignotus 74 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus V (To 13 January) T. Caesar Vespasianus III (January–April) suff. Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus II (13 January–February) suff. L. Junius Q. Vibius Crispus II (March–April) suff. Q. Petillius Cerialis Caesius Rufus II (May–June) T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus II suff. ignotus (July–August) .... ]on[.[113] suff. C. Pomponius (September–October) L. Manlius Patruinus suff. Cn. Domitius Tullus[114] 75 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VI (To 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus IV (January–February) suff. Caesar Domitianus III (13 January or March–April) suff. L. Pasidienus Firmus (March–April) 76 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VII (To 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus V (To 13 January or February or April) suff. Caesar Domitianus IV (13 January or March–February or April) suff. L. Tampius Flavianus II (March–April or May–June) M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus II suff. Galeo Tettienus Petronianus (November–December) M. Fulvius Gillo 77 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII (To 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus VI (January–June) suff. Caesar Domitianus V (13 January or February–June) suff. L. Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius Catellius Celer (September–October) M. Arruntius Aquila suff. Cn. Julius Agricola (November–December) ignotus 78 D. Junius Novius Priscus (? Rufus) (January–April) L. Ceionius Commodus suff. Q. Corellius Rufus (September–October) L. Funisulanus Vettonianus suff. Sex. Vitulasius Nepos ignotus suff. Q. Articuleius Paetus ignotus 79 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus IX (To 13 January) T. Caesar Vespasianus VII (January–February) suff. Caesar Domitianus VI (13 January–February) suff. L. Junius Caesennius Paetus (March–June) P. Calvisius Ruso[115] suff. T. Rubrius Aelius Nepos (September–December) M. Arrius Flaccus 80 Imp. T. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII (To 13 January) Caesar Domitianus VII suff. A. Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento II (13 January–February) L. Aelius Lamia Plautius Aelianus (13 January–June) suff. Q. Aurelius Pactumeius Fronto (March–April) suff. C. Marius Marcellus Octavius Publius Cluvius Rufus (May–June) suff.[116] M. Atilius Postumus Bradua (July–August) Q. Pompeius Trio suff.[117] Sex. Neranius Capito (September–October) L. Acilius Strabo suff. M. Tittius Frugi (November–December) T. Vinicius Julianus 81 L. Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus (January–February) L. Asinius Pollio Verrucosus suff. M. Roscius Coelius (March–April) C. Julius Juvenalis suff. L. Vettius Paullus (May–June) T. Junius Montanus suff. C. Scoedius Natta Pinarius (July–August) T. Tettienus Serenus suff. L. Carminius Lusitanicus (September–October) M. Petronius Umbrinus 82 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus VIII (To 13 January) T. Flavius Sabinus suff. [? Servaeus In]noc(ens) (13 January–February) L. Salvius Otho Cocceianus[117] suff. [ ... ]an(us)[118] (March–April) M'. Acilius Aviola[117] suff. [C. Arinius Mo]dest(us)[119] (May–June) ignotus suff.[120] P. Valerius Patruinus (July–August) L. Antonius Saturninus suff. M. Larcius Magnus Pompeius Silo (September–October) T. Aurelius Quietus 83[121] Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus IX (To 13 January) Q. Petillius Rufus[122] (January–February) suff. M. Annius Messalla (March–April) C. Fisius Sabinus suff. L. Tettius Julianus (May–June) Terentius Strabo Erucius Homullus suff. L. Calventius Sex. Carminius Vetus (September–October) M. Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus 84 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus X (To 13 January or ? February) C. Oppius Sabinus (January–February) suff. L. Julius Ursus (July–August) ignotus suff. C. Tullius Capito Pomponianus Plotius Firmus (September–October) C. Cornelius Gallicanus suff. ignotus Gallus[123] 85[124] Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XI (January–February ) T. Aurelius Fulvus II suff. Q. Julius Cordinus C. Rutilius Gallicus II (March–April) L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus II suff. M. Arrecinus Clemens II (May–June) L. Baebius Honoratus suff. P. Herennius Pollio (July–August) M. Annius Herennius Pollio suff. D. Aburius Bassus (September–October) Q. Julius Balbus suff.[125] C. Salvius Liberalis Nonius Bassus (November–December) [? Cornelius] Orestes 86 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XII (To 13 January) Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Petronianus (January–February) suff. C. Secius Campanus[126] (13 January–February or April) suff. incertus (March–April)[126] Q. Vibius Secundus (March–April) suff. Sex. Octavius Fronto (May–August) Ti. Julius Candidus Marius Celsus suff. A. Bucius Lappius Maximus (September–December) C. Octavius Tidius Tossianus L. Javolenus Priscus 87 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XIII (To 13 January) L. Volusius Saturninus (January–April) suff. C. Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus (13 January–April) suff. C. Bellicius Natalis Gavidius Tebanianus[127] (May–August) C. Ducenius Proculus suff. C. Cilnius Proculus (September–December) L. Neratius Priscus 88 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XIV (To 13 January) L. Minicius Rufus (January–April) suff. D. Plotius Grypus (13 January–April) suff. Q. Ninnius Hasta (May–August) L. Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus suff. M. Otacilius Catulus (September–December) Sex. Julius Sparsus 89 T. Aurelius Fulvus (January–April) M. Asinius Atratinus suff. P. Sallustius Blaesus (May–August) M. Peducaeus Saenianus suff. A. Vicirius Proculus (September–December) M'. Laberius Maximus 90 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XV (To 13 January) M. Cocceius Nerva II (January–February) suff. L. Cornelius Pusio Annius Messala (13 January–February) suff. L. Antistius Rusticus (March–April) Ser. Julius Servianus suff. Q. Accaeus Rufus (May–June) C. Caristanius Fronto suff. P. Baebius Italicus (July–August) C. Aquillius Proculus suff. L. Albius Pullaienus Pollio (September–October) Cn. Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus suff. M. Tullius Cerialis[128] (November–December) Cn. Pompeius Catullinus 91 M'. Acilius Glabrio (January–April) M. Ulpius Trajanus suff. D. Minicius Faustinus (May–August) P. Valerius Marinus suff. Q. Valerius Vegetus (September–December) P. Metilius Sabinus Nepos 92 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XVI (To 13 January) Q. Volusius Saturninus (January–April) suff. L. Venuleius Montanus Apronianus (13 January–April) suff. L. Stertinius Avitus (May–August) Ti. Julius Celsus Polemaeanus suff. C. Julius Silanus (September–December) Q. Junius Arulenus Rusticus 93[129] Sex. Pompeius Collega (January–April) Q. Peducaeus Priscinus suff.[130] T. Avidius Quietus (May–August) Sex. Lusianus Proculus suff. C. Cornelius Rarus Sextius Na(so?) (September–December) [? Tuccius Ceria]lis 94 L. Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas (January–April) T. Sextius Magius Lateranus suff. M. Lollius Paulinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus (May–August) C. Antius A. Julius Quadratus suff. L. Silius Decianus (September–December) T. Pomponius Bassus 95 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XVII (To 13 January) T. Flavius Clemens (January–April) suff. L. Neratius Marcellus (13 January–April) suff. A. Bucius Lappius Maximus II (May–August) P. Ducenius Verus suff. Q. Pomponius Rufus (September–December) L. Baebius Tullus 96 C. Manlius Valens (January–April) C. Antistius Vetus suff. Q. Fabius Postuminus (May–August) T. Prifernius [Paetus] suff. Ti. Catius Caesius Fronto (September–December) M. Calpurnius [...]icus 97[131] Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus III (January–February) L. Verginius Rufus III suff. Cn. Arrius Antoninus II (March–April ) (C.?) Calpurnius Piso suff. M. Annius Verus I (May–June) L. Neratius Priscus suff. L. Domitius Apollinaris (July–August ) Sex. Hermentidius Campanus suff. Q. Glitius Atilius Agricola (September–October) L. Pomponius Maternus[132] suff. P. Cornelius Tacitus (November–December) M. Ostorius Scapula[133] 98[134] Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus IV (To 13 January) Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus II (January–June) suff. Cn. Domitius Afer Curvius Tullus II (13 January–31 January) suff. Sex. Julius Frontinus II (February) suff. L. Julius Ursus II (March) suff. T. Vestricius Spurinna II (April) suff. C. Pomponius Pius (May–June) suff. A. Vicirius Martialis (July–August) L. Maecius Postumus suff. C. Pomponius Rufus Acilius [Pri]scus Coelius Sparsus (September–October) Cn. Pompeius Ferox Licinianus suff.[135] Q. Fulvius Gillo Bittius Proculus (November–December) P. Julius Lupus 99 A. Cornelius Palma Frontonianus (January–?) Q. Sosius Senecio suff. P. Sulpicius Lucretius Barba (June–July) Senecio Memmius Afer suff. Q. Fabius Barbarus Valerius Magnus Julianus (August–?) A. Caecilius Faustinus suff. Ti. Julius Ferox[136] ignotus 100 Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus III (January) Sex. Julius Frontinus III (January–February) suff. L. Julius Ursus III (January–February) suff. M. Marcius Macer (March–April) C. Cilnius Proculus suff. L. Herennius Saturninus (May–June) Pomponius Mamilianus suff. Q. Acutius Nerva (July–August) L. Fabius Tuscus suff. C. Julius Cornutus Tertullus (September–October) C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus suff. L. Roscius Aelianus Maecius Celer (November–December) Ti. Claudius Sacerdos Julianus 2nd century (101–200)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 101[137] Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus IV (January) Q. Articuleius Paetus II (January–March) suff. Sex. Attius Suburanus Aemilianus (February–March) suff. C. Sertorius Brocchus Q. Servaeus Innocens (April–May) M. Maecius Celer suff. [...]us Proculus (Sometime between May and October) ignotus suff.[138] L. Arruntius Stella (Attested October) L. Julius Marinus Caecilius Simplex 102 L. Julius Ursus Servianus II (January–April) L. Licinius Sura II (January–February) suff. L. Fabius Justus (March–April) suff.[139] T. Didius Secundus (May–August) L. Publilius Celsus suff. L. Antonius Albus (September–December) M. Junius Homullus 103 Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus V (January) M'. Laberius Maximus II (January–March) suff. Q. Glitius Atilius Agricola II (January–March) suff. P. Metilius Nepos (April–June) Q. Baebius Macer suff. [? M. Flavius Ap]er[140] (July–September) C. Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus suff. (A?)nnius Mela (October–December) P. Calpurnius Macer Caulius Rufus 104 Sex. Attius Suburanus Aemilianus II M. Asinius Marcellus 105 Ti. Julius Candidus Marius Celsus II (January–March) C. Antius A. Julius Quadratus II suff. C. Julius Quadratus Bassus (May–August) Cn. Afranius Dexter (May–15 July) suff. Q. Caelius Honoratus (July–August) suff. M. Vitorius Marcellus (September–December) C. Caecilius Strabo 106 L. Ceionius Commodus Sex. Vettulenus Civica Cerialis suff. L. Minicius Natalis Q. Licinius Silvanus Granianus Quadronius Proculus 107 L. Licinius Sura III (January–February or April)[141] Q. Sosius Senecio II suff. Acilius Rufus[142] (March–April) suff. C. Minicius Fundanus (May–August) C. Vettennius Severus suff. C. Julius Longinus (September–December) C. Valerius Paullinus 108 Ap. Annius Trebonius Gallus (January–?) M. Appius Bradua suff. P. Aelius Hadrianus (attested 22 June) M. Trebatius Priscus suff.[143] Q. Pompeius Falco (Attested 27 July) M. Titius Lustricus Bruttianus 109 A. Cornelius Palma Frontonianus II (January–February) P. Calvisius Tullus Ruso (January–April) suff. L. Annius Largus (March–April) suff. Cn. Antonius Fuscus (May–August) C. Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappus suff. C. Aburnius Valens (September–December) C. Julius Proculus 110 M. Peducaeus Priscinus (January–March) Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus suff. C. Avidius Nigrinus (April–June) Ti. Julius Aquila Polemaeanus suff. L. Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus (July–September) C. Erucianus Silo suff. A. Larcius Priscus (October–December) Sex. Marcius Honoratus 111 C. Calpurnius Piso (January–April) M. Vettius Bolanus suff. T. Avidius Quietus (May–August) L. Eggius Marullus suff. L. Octavius Crassus (September–December) P. Coelius Apollinaris 112 Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus VI (January) T. Sextius Cornelius Africanus (January–March) suff. [M. ?] Licinius Ruso (January–March) suff. Cn. Pinarius Cornelius Severus (April–June) L. Mummius Niger Q. Valerius Vegetus suff. P. Stertinius Quartus (July–September) T. Julius Maximus Manlianus Brocchus Servilianus suff. C. Claudius Severus (October–December) T. Settidius Firmus 113 L. Publilius Celsus II (January) C. Clodius Crispinus (January–April) suff. Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Metilianus Pompeius Marcellus (February–April) suff. L. Stertinius Noricus (May–August) L. Fadius Rufinus suff. Cn. Cornelius Urbicus (September–December) T. Sempronius Rufus 114 Q. Ninnius Hasta (January–April) P. Manilius Vopiscus Vicinillianus suff. C. Clodius Nummus (May–August) L. Caesennius Sospes[144] suff. L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus (September–December) M. Messius Rusticus[145] 115 L. Vipstanus Messalla (January–April) M. Pedo Vergilianus (January) suff. T. Statilius Maximus Severus Hadrianus (February–April) suff. L. Julius Frugi (May–August) P. Juventius Celsus T. Aufidius Hoenius Severianus suff. M. Pompeius Macrinus Neos Theophanes (September–December) T. Vibius Varus 116[146] L. Fundanius Lamia Aelianus (January–March) Sex. Carminius Vetus suff. Ti. Julius Secundus (April–June) M. Egnatius Marcellinus suff. D. Terentius Gentianus (July–September) L. Co[...][147] suff. L. Statius Aquila (October–December) C. Julius Alexander Berenicianus 117 Q. Aquilius Niger (January–? March) M. Rebilus Apronianus suff. L. Cossonius Gallus (Attested 16 August) P. Afranius Flavianus suff. ignotus (Attested 8 September) Cn. Minicius Faustinus 118[148] Imp. Caesar Trajanus Hadrianus Augustus II (January–June) Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator (January–February) suff. Bellicius Tebanianus (March) suff. C. Ummidius Quadratus (Attested May) suff. L. Pomponius Bassus (Attested 9 July and 31 August) T. Sabinius Barbarus 119[149] Imp. Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus III (January–April) P. Dasumius Rusticus (January–February) suff. A. Platorius Nepos (March–April) suff. M. Paccius Silvanus Q. Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus (May–June) Q. Vibius Gallus suff. C. Herennius Capella (November–December) L. Coelius Rufus 120[150] L. Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus II T. Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus suff. C. Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus (May–June) T. Rutilius Propinquus suff. C. Arminius Gallus[151] (Attested 19 October) C. Atilius Serranus 121 M. Annius Verus II (January–February) Cn. Arrius Augur suff. M. Herennius Faustus (March–April) Q. Pomponius Marcellus suff. T. Pomponius Antistianus Funisulanus Vettonianus (May–June) L. Pomponius Silvanus suff. M. Statorius Secundus (July–August) L. Sempronius Merula Auspicatus 122[148] M'. Acilius Aviola L. Corellius Neratius Pansa suff. Ti. Julius Candidus Capito (attested 17 July) L. Vitrasius Flamininus suff. C. Trebius Maximus (attested 18 November) T. Calestrius Tiro Orbius Speratus 123[152] Q. Articuleius Paetinus L. Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus suff. T. Prifernius Geminus (Attested 16 June) P. Metilius Secundus suff. T. Salvius Rufinus Minicius Opimianus (Attested 10 August) Cn. Sentius Aburnianus 124[153] M'. Acilius Glabrio (January–April) C. Bellicius Flaccus Torquatus Tebanianus suff. A. Larcius Macedo (May–August) P. Ducenius Verres suff. C. Julius Gallus (September–December) C. Valerius Severus 125 M. Lollius Paulinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus II L. Titius Epidius Aquilinus suff. Q. Vetina Verus[154] (Attested 1 June) P. Lucius Cosconianus 126 M. Annius Verus III (January–February) C. Eggius Ambibulus suff. L. Valerius Propinquus (From 1 March) suff. L. Cuspius Camerinus (Attested 1 July) C. Saenius Severus 127 T. Atilius Rufus Titianus (January–March) M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus suff. P. Tullius Varro (April) [D.?] Junius Paetus suff. Q. Tineius Rufus (May–September) M. Licinius Celer Nepos suff. L. Aemilius Juncus (October–December) Sex. Julius Severus 128 L. Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas II (January) M. Annius Libo (January–March) suff. L. Caesennius Antoninus (February–March) suff. M. Junius Mettius Rufus (April–June) Q. Pomponius Maternus suff. L. Valerius Flaccus (July–September) M. [Junius Homullus ?][155] suff. A. Egrilius Plarianus (October–December) Q. [Planius Sardus Varius Ambibulus ?][156] 129 P. Juventius Celsus T. Aufidius Hoenius Severianus II (January–After 22 March) L. Neratius Marcellus II (January–? February) suff. Q. Julius Balbus (Attested 22 March) 130 Q. Fabius Catullinus (January–February) M. Flavius Aper suff. Cassius Agrippa (or Agrippinus) (Attested 19 March) Ti. Claudius Quartinus 131[157] Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus (January–April) M. Antonius Rufinus suff. L. Fabius Gallus (May–August) Q. Fabius Julianus 132 C. Junius Serius Augurinus (January–April) C. Trebius Sergianus suff. C. Acilius Priscus (September–December) A. Cassius Arrianus 133 M. Antonius Hiberus (January–April) P. Mummius Sisenna suff. Q. Flavius Tertullus (May–August) Q. Junius Rusticus suff. Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes (September–December) P. Sufenas Verus 134 L. Julius Ursus Servianus III (January–March) T. Vibius Varus (January–April) suff. T. Haterius Nepos (Attested 2 April) suff. P. Licinius Pansa (Attested September–December) L. Attius Macro 135 L. Tutilius Lupercus Pontianus (January–April) P. Calpurnius Atilianus (Atticus Rufus?) suff. M. Cutius Priscus Messius Rusticus Aemilius Papus Arrius Proculus Julius Celsus (May–August) L. Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus suff. P. Rutilius Fabianus (September–December) Cn. Papirius Aelianus Aemilius Tuscillus 136[158] L. Ceionius Commodus Sex. Vettulenus Civica Pompeianus 137 L. Aelius Caesar II P. Coelius Balbinus Vibullius Pius 138[159] Kanus Junius Niger (January–March) C. Pomponius Camerinus suff. M. Vindius Verus (April–June) P. Pactumeius Clemens (in absentia) suff. P. Cassius Secundus (October–December) Marcus Nonius Mucianus 139 Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius II (January–April) C. Bruttius Praesens L. Fulvius Rusticus II suff. L. Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus (July–August) L. Claudius Proculus suff. ignotus (September–October) C. Julius Scapula suff. M. Ceccius Justinus (November–December) C. Julius Bassus 140 Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius III (January) M. Aurelius Caesar (January–April) suff. Q. Antonius Isauricus (May) L. Aurelius Flaccus suff. Julius Crassipes (Between June and October) ignotus suff. M. Barbius Aemilianus (November–December) T. Flavius Julianus 141 T. Hoenius Severus (January–February) M. Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus suff. C. Julius Pisibanus (May–June) (Larcius?) Lepidus suff. T. Caesernius Statianus (September–October) ignotus suff. L. Annius Fabianus (November–December) ignotus 142[160] L. Cuspius Pactumeius Rufinus (January–March) L. Statius Quadratus suff. L. Granius Castus (April–June) Ti. Junius Julianus suff. M. Cornelius Fronto (July–August) C. Laberius Priscus suff. L. Tusidius Campester (September–October) Q. Cornelius Senecio Annianus suff. [? Sulpicius] Julianus (November–December) T. Julius Castus 143 C. Bellicius Flaccus Torquatus (January–March) L. Vibullius Hipparchus Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes suff. Q. Junius Calamus (Attested 7 August) M. Valerius Junianus 144 L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus (January–February) T. Statilius Maximus suff. L. Aemilius Carus (Attested 19 March) Q. Egrilius Plarianus suff. ignotus (Attested 7 September) Q. Laberius Licinianus suff. L. Marcius Celer M. Calpurnius Longus (Attested 18 December) D. Velius Fidus 145 Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius IV (January–February) M. Aurelius Caesar II suff. L. Plautius Lamia Silvanus (March–April) L. Poblicola Priscus suff. Cn. Arrius Cornelius Proculus (May–June) D. Junius (Paetus?) suff. Q. Mustius Priscus (July–August) M. Pontius Laelianus suff. L. Petronius Sabinus (September–October) C. Vicrius Rufus suff. C. Fadius Rufus (November–December) P. Vicrius 146 Sex. Erucius Clarus II (January–February) Cn. Claudius Severus Arabianus (January–April) suff. Q. Licinius Modestinus (Sex.?) Attius Labeo (March–April) suff. P. Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus (May–June) T. Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Nonius Agricola C. Labeo Tetius Geminus suff. Cn. Terentius Homullus Iunior (July–August) L. Aurelius Gallus suff. Q. Voconius Saxa Fidus (September–October) C. Annianus Verus suff. L. Aemilius Longus (November–December) Q. Cornelius Proculus 147 C. Prastina Messalinus (January–March) L. Annius Largus suff. A. Claudius Charax (April–June) Q. Fuficius Cornutus suff. Cupressenus Gallus (July–September) Q. Cornelius Quadratus suff. Sex. Cocceius Severianus Honorinus (October–December) Ti. Licinius Cassius Cassianus (October–?) suff. C. Popilius Carus Pedo (To December) 148 L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius Julianus Aemilianus (January–March) C. Bellicius Calpurnius Torquatus suff. Satyrius Firmus (April–June) C. Salvius Capito suff. L. Coelius Festus (July–September) P. Orfidius Senecio suff. C. Fabius Agrippinus (October–December) M. Antonius Zeno 149 L. Sergius Salvidienus Scipio Orfitus[161] (January–? February) Q. Pompeius Sosius Priscus suff. Q. Passienus Licinus (Attested 5 July) C. Julius Avitus 150 M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus (January–February) Sex. Carminius Vetus suff. --]mus (Attested 27 May) C. La[berius Priscus][162] suff. M. Cassius Apollinaris (Attested 1 August) M. Petronius Mamertinus 151 Sex. Quintilius Condianus (January–March) Sex. Quintilius Valerius Maximus suff. M. Cominius Secundus (Attested 24 September) L. Attidius Cornelianus suff. C. Curtius Justus (Attested 2 October) P. Julius Nauto 152 M'. Acilius Glabrio Cn. Cornelius Severus (January–March) M. Valerius Homullus suff. P. Sufenas [? Verus] (April–June) L. Dasumius Tullius Tuscus suff. C. Novius Priscus (July–September) L. Julius Romulus suff. P. Cluvius Maximus Paulinus (October–December) M. Servilius Silanus 153 L. Fulvius Rusticus C. Bruttius Praesens (January–March) A. Junius Rufinus suff. Sex. Caecilius Maximus[163] (April–June) M. Pontius Sabinus suff. P. Septimius Aper (July–September) M. Sedatius Severianus Julius Acer Metilius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor suff. C. Cattius Marcellus (October–December) Q. Petiedius Gallus 154 L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus I (January–March) T. Sextius Lateranus suff. [Prifernius ?] Paetus (April–June) M. Nonius Macrinus suff. M. Valerius Etruscus (?)[164] (July–August) L. [Aemilius Iuncus ?][165] suff. Ti. Claudius Julianus (September–October) Sex. Calpurnius Agricola suff. C. Julius Statius Severus (November–December) T. Junius Severus 155 C. Julius Severus (January–March) M. Junius Rufinus Sabinianus suff. C. Aufidius Victorinus (April–June) M. Gavius ...[166] suff. Antius Pollio (Attested 3 November) Minicius Opimianus[167] suff. [? D. Rupilius] Severus (Attested 11 December) L. Julius T. Statilius Severus 156 M. Ceionius Silvanus (January–February) C. Serius Augurinus suff. A. Avillius Urinatius Quadratus (Attested 7–14 March) Strabo Aemilianus suff. Q. Canusius Praenestinus (Attested 13 December) C. Lusius Sparsus 157 M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus (January–March) M. Metilius Aquillius Regulus Nepos Volusius Torquatus Fronto suff. L. Roscius Aelianus (April-? June) Cn. Papirius Aelianus suff. C. Julius Commodus Orfitianus (Attested 28 September) C. Caelius Secundus suff. Q. Vilius Proculus[168] (Attested 6 December) Q. [...]binus 158 Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus (January–March ?) Q. Tineius Sacerdos Clemens suff. M. Servilius Fabianus Maximus (Attested 8 July) Q. Iallius Bassus suff. Q. Pomponius Musa (Attested 27 December) L. Cassius Juvenalis 159 Plautius Quintillus (January–March) M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus suff. M. Pisibanius Lepidus (April–June) L. Matuccius Fuscinus suff. Publius Cornelius Dexter (July–September) ignotus suff. A. Curtius Crispinus (October–December) ignotus 160 Appius Annius Atilius Bradua (January–February) T. Clodius Vibius Varus suff. A. Platorius Nepos Calpurnianus (March–April) M. Postumius Festus suff. [? C. Septimius] Severus[169] (May–June) [...] Flavus[170] suff. C. Prastina Pacatus (July–September) M. Censorius Paulus[171] suff. Ti. Oclatius Severus (October–December) [Q.?] Ninnius Hastianus (October-?) suff. [... N]ovius Sabinianus (Attested 18 December) 161 M. Aurelius Caesar III (1–13 January or 31 January) L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus II suff. M. Annius Libo (13 or 31 January–? March) Q. Camurius Numisius Junior suff. [? Julius] Geminus Capellianus (Attested 26 October) T. Flavius Boethus 162[172] Q. Junius Rusticus II L. Titius Plautius Aquilinus suff.[173] Ti. Claudius Paullinus (Attested 23 August) Ti. Claudius Pompeianus suff. D. Fonteius Frontinianus L. Stertinius Rufus ignotus suff. M. Insteius Bithynicus ignotus 163 M. Pontius Laelianus A. Junius Pastor L. Caesennius Sospes 164 M. Pompeius Macrinus P. Juventius Celsus suff. Ti. Haterius Saturninus (Attested 19 and 21 July) Q. Caecilius Avitus 165[160] M. Gavius Orfitus L. Arrius Pudens 166 Q. Servilius Pudens L. Fufidius Pollio suff. M. Vibius Liberalis (Attested 23 March) P. Martius Verus 167 Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus III M. Ummidius Quadratus suff. Q. Caecilius Dentilianus (Attested 5 May) M. Antonius Pallas 168 L. Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus II L. Sergius Paullus II suff. Q. Tullius Maximus[174] ignotus 169 Q. Pompeius Senecio Sosius Priscus P. Coelius Apollinaris 170 C. Erucius Clarus M. Gavius Cornelius Cethegus suff. T. Hoenius Severus ignotus 171 T. Statilius Severus L. Alfidius Herennianus 172 Ser. Calpurnius Scipio Orfitus Sex. Quintilius Maximus suff. C. Modius Justus ignotus 173 Cn. Claudius Severus II Ti. Claudius Pompeianus II 174 L. Aurelius Gallus Q. Volusius Flaccus Cornelianus suff. M. Aemilius Macer Saturninus ignotus 175 L. Calpurnius Piso P. Salvius Julianus suff. P. Helvius Pertinax M. Didius Severus Julianus 176 T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio II M. Flavius Aper II 177 L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Caesar I M. Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus 178 Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus D. Velius Rufus (Julianus?) 179 Imp. Caesar L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus II P. Martius Verus II suff.[175] T. Flavius Claudianus (Attested 21 March) L. Aemilius Iuncus suff.[176] M'. Acilius Faustinus (Attested 1 April) L. Julius Proculianus 180 L. Fulvius Rusticus C. Bruttius Praesens II Sex. Quintilius Condianus 181[177] Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Commodus Augustus III L. Antistius Burrus 182 M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus Q. Tineius Rufus suff. (?) Aurelianus (Attested 15 May) (L. Attidius?) Cornelianus 183 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus IV C. Aufidius Victorinus II suff. L. Tutilius Pontianus Gentianus (Attested 8 February) ignotus suff. M. Herennius Secundus (Attested 13 and 20 May) M. Egnatius Postumus suff. T. Pactumeius Magnus (After 20 May) L. Septimius Flaccus 184 L. Cossonius Eggius Marullus Cn. Papirius Aelianus suff. C. Octavius Vindex (Attested 18 May) Cassius Apronianus[178] 185 Triarius Maternus Lascivius Ti. Claudius M. Ap. Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus 186 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus V M'. Acilius Glabrio II suff. L. Novius Rufus (Attested 25 May) L. Annius Ravus[179] suff. C. Sabucius Maior Caecilianus (Attested 24 and 27 November) Valerius Senecio 187 L. Bruttius Quintius Crispinus L. Roscius Aelianus Paculus 188 P. Seius Fuscianus II M. Servilius Silanus II 189 Dulius Silanus Q. Servilius Silanus suff. Severus (Attested 27 May) Vitellius 190 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus VI M. Petronius Sura Septimianus suff. L. Septimius Severus (May–?) Apuleius Rufinus[180] 191 Popilius Pedo Apronianus M. Valerius Bradua Mauricus 192 Imp. Caesar L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus VII P. Helvius Pertinax II 193[181] Q. Pompeius Sosius Falco C. Julius Erucius Clarus Vibianus suff. Q. Tineius Sacerdos (March) P. Julius Scapula Priscus suff. M. Silius Messala (May) ignotus suff. L. Julius Messala Rutilianus (July) C. Aemilius Severus Cantabrinus suff. L. Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus[182] 194 Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus II D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar II suff. C. Gabinius Barbarus Pompeianus ignotus 195 P. Julius Scapula Tertullus Priscus Q. Tineius Clemens 196 C. Domitius Dexter II L. Valerius Messalla Thrasea Priscus 197 T. Sextius Magius Lateranus Cuspius Rufinus[183] 198 P. Martius Sergius Saturninus L. Aurelius Gallus suff. Q. Anicius Faustus[184] ignotus 199 P. Cornelius Anullinus II M. Aufidius Fronto 200 Ti. Claudius Severus Proculus C. Aufidius Victorinus 3rd century (201–300)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 201 L. Annius Fabianus M. Nonius Arrius Mucianus 202 Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus III Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus suff.[185] T. Murrenius Severus C. Cassius Regallianus 203 C. Fulvius Plautianus P. Septimius Geta II 204 L. Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus II M. Annius Flavius Libo suff. L. Pomponius Liberalis[186] ignotus 205 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus II P. Septimius Geta Caesar 206 M. Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus L. Fulvius Gavius Numisius Petronius Aemilianus suff.[187] P. Tullius Marsus (Attested 10 December) M. Caelius Faustinus 207 L. Annius Maximus[188] C. Septimius Severus Aper 208 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus III P. Septimius Geta Caesar II 209 L. Aurelius Commodus Pompeianus Q. Hedius Lollianus Plautius Avitus 210 M'. Acilius Faustinus A. Triarius Rufinus 211 Hedius Lollianus Terentius Gentianus Pomponius Bassus 212 C. Julius Asper II C. Julius Camilius Asper suff. (Cn. Claudius ?) Severus (May - June) (Ti. Claudius ?) Pompeianus 213 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus IV D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus II 214 L. Valerius Messalla C. Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus 215 Q. Maecius Laetus II M. Munatius Sulla Cerialis 216 P. Catius Sabinus II P. Cornelius Anullinus 217 C. Bruttius Praesens T. Messius Extricatus II 218 Imp. Caesar M. Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus II M. Oclatinius Adventus suff. Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (from 8 June) 219 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus II Q. Tineius Sacerdos II 220 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus III P. Valerius Comazon 221 C. Vettius Gratus Sabinianus M. Flavius Vitellius Seleucus 222 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus IV M. Aurelius Alexander Caesar I 223 L. Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus II L. Roscius Aelianus Paculus Salvius Julianus 224 Ap. Claudius Julianus II C. Bruttius Crispinus 225 Ti. Manilius Fuscus II Ser. Calpurnius Domitius Dexter 226 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus II C. Aufidius Marcellus II 227 M. Nummius Senecio Albinus M. Laelius Fulvius Maximus Aemilianus 228 Q. Aiacius Modestus Crescentianus II M. Pomponius Maecius Probus 229 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus III L. Claudius Cassius Dio Cocceianus II 230 L. Virius Agricola Sex. Catius Clementinus Priscillianus 231 L. Ti. Claudius Pompeianus T. Flavius Sallustius Paelignianus 232 L. Virius Lupus Julianus L. Marius Maximus 233 L. Valerius Maximus . . . Acilius Priscillianus Cn. Cornelius Paternus 234 M. Clodius Pupienus Maximus II M. Munatius Sulla Urbanus[189] 235 Cn. Claudius Severus L. Ti. Claudius Quintianus 236[190] Imp. Caesar C. Julius Verus Maximinus Augustus M. Pupienus Africanus Maximus 237 L. Marius Perpetuus L. Mummius Felix Cornelianus 238 [? L.] Fulvius Pius Pontius Proculus Pontianus 239 Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Augustus M'. Acilius Aviola 240 C. Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus II L. Ragonius Venustus 241 Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Augustus II Clodius Pompeianus 242 C. Vettius Gratus Atticus Sabinianus C. Asinius Lepidus Praetextatus 243 L. Annius Arrianus C. Cervonius Papus 244 Ti. Pollienus Armenius Peregrinus Fulvius Aemilianus 245 Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus C. Maesius Titianus 246 C. Bruttius Praesens C. Allius Albinus[191] 247 Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus II M. Julius Severus Philippus Caesar 248 Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus III Imp. Caesar M. Julius Severus Philippus Augustus II 249 L. Fulvius Gavius Numisius Aemilianus II L. Naevius Aquilinus 250 Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Augustus II C. Vettius Gratus 251 Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Augustus III Q. Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius Caesar 252 Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus II Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Volusianus Augustus 253 Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Volusianus Augustus II L. Valerius Poplicola Balbinus Maximus 254 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus II Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus 255 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus III Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus II 256 L. Valerius Maximus . . . Acilius Priscillianus II M. Acilius Glabrio 257 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus IV Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus III 258 M. Nummius Tuscus Mummius Bassus 259 (Nummius) Aemilianus (Dexter) Pomponius Bassus I 260 P. Cornelius Saecularis II C. Junius Donatus II Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus II (Gaul) Honoratianus (Gaul)[192] 261 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus IV L. Petronius Taurus Volusianus Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus III (Gaul) Imp. Caesar Fulvius Macrianus Augustus II (East) Imp. Caesar Fulvius Quietus Augustus (East) 262 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus V Nummius Faustianus 263 M. Nummius Albinus II Dexter (Maximus?) 264 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus VI Saturninus 265 P. Licinius Valerianus II Lucillus 266 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus VII Sabinillus 267 Ovinius Gaius Julius Aquilius Paternus Arcesilaus Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus IV (Gaul) M. Piavonius Victorinus I (Gaul) 268 Aspasius Paternus II P. Licinius Egnatius Marinianus Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus V (Gaul) 269 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Claudius Augustus Paternus Imp. Caesar M. Piavonius Victorinus II (Gaul) Sanctus (Gaul) 270 Flavius Antiochianus II Virius Orfitus Imp. Caesar M. Piavonius Victorinus II (Gaul) 271 Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus I Pomponius Bassus II Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus I (Gaul) 272 T. Flavius Postumius Quietus Junius Veldumnianus Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus II (Gaul) 273 M. Claudius Tacitus I Julius Placidianus Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus III (Gaul) 274 Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus II Capitolinus 275 Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus III (Aurelius?) Marcellinus[193] 276 Imp. Caesar M. Claudius Tacitus Augustus II (Fulvius?) Aemilianus 277 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus I Paulinus 278 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus II Virius Lupus 279 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus III Nonius Paternus II 280 (Lucius Valerius?) Messalla (Vettius?) Gratus 281 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus IV Junius Tiberianus 282 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus V Victorinus 283 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carus Augustus II Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus I 284 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus II Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Numerianus Augustus suff. Imp. Caesar C. Valerius Diocletianus Augustus I (November–December ) (?) L. Caesonius Ovinius Rufinus Manilius Bassus II (November–December ) 285 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus III (West) T. Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus Imp. Caesar C. Valerius Diocletianus Augustus II (East)[194] 286 M. Junius Maximus II Vettius Aquilinus 287 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus III Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus I 288 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus II Pomponius Januarianus suff. ... a ... ivianus[195] Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius II (Britain) 289 M. Magrius Bassus (January -June)[196] L. Ragonius Quintianus (January–June) suff. M. Umbrius Primus (July–August ) T. Flavius Coelianus (July–August ) suff. M. Ceionius Proculus (September–October ) Helvius Clemens (September–October) suff. Flavius Decimus (November–December ) ... ninius Maximus (November–December ) Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius III (Britain) 290 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus IV Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus III Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius IV (Britain) 291 C. Junius Tiberianus II Cassius Dio 292 Afranius Hannibalianus Julius Asclepiodotus 293 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus V Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus IV 294 Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar I C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar I 295 Nummius Tuscus C. Annius Anullinus 296 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VI Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar II 297 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus V C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar II 298 Anicius Faustus II Virius Gallus 299 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VII Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VI 300 Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar III C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar III 4th century (301–395)[edit] Year Consul prior Consul posterior 301 T. Flavius Postumius Titianus II Virius Nepotianus 302 Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar IV C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar IV 303 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VIII Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII 304 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus IX Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VIII 305 Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar V C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar V 306 Flavius Valerius Constantius Augustus VI C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VI 307 M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus IX (West) Flavius Valerius Constantinus Caesar (West) Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus (East) Galerius Valerius Maximinus Caesar (East) C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII (Rome, January–April) Galerius Valerius Maximinus Caesar (Rome, January–April) 308 M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus X (West) C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII (West) C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus senior Augustus X (East) C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII (East) M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus (Rome, April–December) Valerius Romulus I (Rome, April–December) 309 Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus II (Rome) Valerius Romulus II (Rome) 310 Tatius Andronicus Pompeius Probus M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus III (Rome) 311 C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VIII Galerius Valerius Maximinus Augustus II C. Caeionius Rufius Volusianus (Rome, from September) Aradius Rufinus (Rome, from September) 312 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus II Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus II M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus IV (Rome) 313 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus III Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus III Galerius Valerius Maximinus Augustus III (Rome, Egypt, inter alios) 314 C. Caeionius Rufius Volusianus II Petronius Annianus 315 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus IV Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus IV 316 Antonius Caecina Sabinus C. Vettius Cossinius Rufinus 317 Ovinius Gallicanus Caesonius Bassus (from February) 318 Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus V Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar 319 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus V Valerius Licinianus Licinius Caesar 320 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VI Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar 321 Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar II (West) Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar II (West) Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus VI (East) Valerius Licinianus Licinius Caesar II (East) 322 Petronius Probianus (West) Amnius Anicius Julianus (West) Post consulatum Licinii Augusti VI et Licinii Caesaris II (East) 323 Acilius Severus (West) Vettius Rufinus (West)[197] II post consulatum Licinii Augusti VI et Licinii Caesaris II (East) 324 Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar III Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar III 325 Valerius Proculus (January–May)[198] Sex. Anicius Paulinus suff. Julius Julianus (May–December)[199] 326 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VII Flavius Julius Constantius Caesar 327 Flavius Constantius L. Valerius Maximus Basilius 328 Flavius Januarinus Vettius Justus 329 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VIII Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar IV 330 Flavius Gallicanus Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus 331 Junius Annius Bassus Ablabius 332 Lucius Papius Pacatianus Maecilius Hilarianus 333 Flavius Dalmatius Domitius Zenophilus 334 Flavius Optatus Amnius M'. Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Paulinus Honorius 335 Julius Constantius Caeionius Rufius Albinus 336 Virius Nepotianus Tettius Facundus 337 Flavius Felicianus T. Fabius Titianus 338 Flavius Ursus Flavius Polemius 339 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus II Flavius Julius Constans Augustus 340 Septimius Acindynus L. Aradius Valerius Proculus Populonius 341 Antonius Marcellinus Petronius Probinus 342 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus III Flavius Julius Constans Augustus II 343 M. Maecius Memmius Furius Baburius Caecilianus Placidus Flavius Romulus 344 Domitius Leontius (West and East) Flavius Bonosus (West, until April/May) Julius Sallustius (East, all year. West, after April/May) 345 Flavius Amantius M. Nummius Albinus 346 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus IV Flavius Julius Constans Augustus III 347 Vulcacius Rufinus Flavius Eusebius 348 Flavius Philippus Flavius Salia 349 Ulpius Limenius Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius 350 Flavius Sergius Flavius Nigrinianus 351 Flavius Magnus Magnentius Augustus (West) Gaiso (West) Post consulatum Sergii et Nigriniani (East) 352 Magnus Decentius Caesar (West) Paulus (West) Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus V (East) Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar I (East) 353 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VI Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar II 354 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VII Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar III 355 Flavius Arbitio Q. Flavius Maesius Egnatius Lollianus Mavortius 356 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VIII Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar 357 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus IX Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar II 358 Censorius Datianus Neratius Cerealis 359 Flavius Eusebius Flavius Hypatius 360 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus X Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar III 361 Flavius Taurus Flavius Florentius 362 Claudius Mamertinus Flavius Nevitta 363 Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus IV Flavius Sallustius 364 Flavius Jovianus Augustus Varronianus 365 Flavius Valentinianus Augustus Flavius Valens Augustus 366 Flavius Gratianus Dagalaifus 367 Flavius Lupicinus Flavius Jovinus 368 Flavius Valentinianus Augustus II Flavius Valens Augustus II 369 Valentinianus Galates Flavius Victor 370 Flavius Valentinianus Augustus III Flavius Valens Augustus III 371 Flavius Gratianus Augustus II Sex. Claudius Petronius Probus 372 Domitius Modestus Flavius Arinthaeus 373 Flavius Valentinianus Augustus IV Flavius Valens Augustus IV 374 Flavius Gratianus Augustus III Flavius Equitius 375 Post consulatum Gratiani Augusti III et Equiti 376 Flavius Valens Augustus V Flavius Valentinianus iunior Augustus I 377 Flavius Gratianus Augustus IV Flavius Merobaudes I 378 Flavius Valens Augustus VI Flavius Valentinianus iunior Augustus II 379 Decimius Magnus Ausonius Q. Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius 380 Flavius Gratianus Augustus V Flavius Theodosius Augustus 381 Flavius Syagrius Flavius Eucherius 382 Claudius Antonius Afranius Syagrius 383 Flavius Merobaudes II Flavius Saturninus 384 Flavius Ricomer Flavius Clearchus 385 Flavius Arcadius Augustus Flavius Bauto 386 Flavius Honorius Flavius Euodius 387 Flavius Valentinianus iunior Augustus III Eutropius 388 Flavius Merobaudes III (West, until Jan. 11) Flavius Theodosius Augustus II Magnus Maximus Augustus II (West, from Jan. 11) sine collega Flavius Theodosius Augustus II (East) Maternus Cynegius (East) 389 Flavius Timasius Flavius Promotus 390 Flavius Valentinianus iunior Augustus IV Flavius Neoterius 391 Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus Q. Aurelius Symmachus 392 Flavius Arcadius Augustus II Flavius Rufinus 393 Flavius Theodosius Augustus III (West and East) Flavius Eugenius Augustus (West) Flavius Abundantius (East) 394 Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (West) sine collega Flavius Arcadius Augustus III (East) Flavius Honorius Augustus II (East) 395 Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius Anicius Probinus Roman Consuls of East and West (396–534)[edit] In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into a Western Roman Empire and an Eastern Roman Empire, and thereafter the separate courts each appointed one consul. Western Consuls continued to be appointed after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476. Year Eastern Consul Western Consul 396 Flavius Arcadius Augustus IV Flavius Honorius Augustus III 397 Flavius Caesarius Nonius Atticus 398 Flavius Eutychianus Flavius Honorius Augustus IV 399 Eutropius Flavius Mallius Theodorus 400 Aurelianus Flavius Stilicho 401 Flavius Vincentius Flavius Fravitta (Fravitus) 402 Flavius Arcadius Augustus V Flavius Honorius Augustus V 403 Flavius Theodosius Augustus I Flavius Rumoridus 404 Aristaenetus Flavius Honorius Augustus VI 405 Flavius Anthemius Flavius Stilicho II 406 Flavius Arcadius Augustus VI Anicius Petronius Probus 407 Flavius Theodosius Augustus II Flavius Honorius Augustus VII 408 Anicius Auchenius Bassus Flavius Philippus 409 Flavius Theodosius Augustus III Flavius Honorius Augustus VIII Flavius Claudius Constantinus Augustus (Britannia/Gaul) 410 Varanes Tertullus 411 Flavius Theodosius Augustus IV sine collega 412 Flavius Theodosius Augustus V Flavius Honorius Augustus IX 413 Heraclianus Flavius Lucius 414 Flavius Constantius Flavius Constans 415 Flavius Theodosius Augustus VI Flavius Honorius Augustus X 416 Flavius Theodosius Augustus VII Junius Quartus Palladius 417 Flavius Honorius Augustus XI Flavius Constantius II 418 Flavius Theodosius Augustus VIII Flavius Honorius Augustus XII 419 Flavius Monaxius Flavius Plinta 420 Flavius Theodosius Augustus IX Flavius Constantius III 421 Flavius Eustathius Flavius Agricola 422 Flavius Theodosius Augustus X Flavius Honorius Augustus XIII 423 Flavius Asclepiodotus Flavius Avitus Marinianus 424 Flavius Castinus Victor 425 Johannes Augustus (West) Flavius Theodosius Augustus XI Placidus Valentinianus Caesar 426 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XII Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus II 427 Flavius Hierius Flavius Ardaburius 428 Flavius Taurus Flavius Felix 429 Flavius Florentius Flavius Dionysius 430 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XIII Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus III 431 Anicius Auchenius Bassus Flavius Antiochus 432 Flavius Valerius Flavius Aëtius 433 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XIV Petronius Maximus 434 Flavius Ardaburius Aspar Flavius Areobindus 435 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XV Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus IV 436 Flavius Anthemius Isidorus Flavius Senator 437 Flavius Sigisvultus Flavius Aëtius II 438 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVI Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus 439 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVII Festus 440 Flavius Anatolius Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus V 441 Flavius Taurus Seleucus Cyrus sine collega 442 Flavius Dioscorus Flavius Eudoxius 443 Flavius Paterius Petronius Maximus II 444 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVIII Caecina Decius Aginatius Albinus 445 Flavius Nomus Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VI 446 Flavius Aetius III (West) Q. Aurelius Symmachus 447 Flavius Ardaburius iunior Flavius Calepius 448 Flavius Zeno Rufius Praetextatus Postumianus 449 Flavius Astyrius (West) Flavius Flor(entius?) Romanus Protogenes 450 Gennadius Avienus Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VII 451 Flavius Marcianus Augustus VI Valerius Faltonius Adelfius 452 Flavius Sporacius Flavius Bassus Herculanus 453 Flavius Rufius Opilio Iohannes Vincomalus 454 Flavius Aëtius[200] Flavius Studius (East) 455 Procopius Anthemius Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VIII 456 Eparchius Avitus Augustus (West) sine collega Johannes (East) Varanes (East) 457 Flavius Constantinus Flavius Rufus (East) 458 Flavius Leo Augustus Julius Valerius Majorianus Augustus 459 Flavius Patricius Flavius Ricimer 460 Flavius Magnus Flavius Apollonius 461 Flavius Dagalaiphus Flavius Severinus 462 Flavius Valerius Leo Augustus II Libius Severus Augustus 463 Flavius Antoninus Messala Vivianus Caecina Decius Basilius 464 Anicius Olybrius Flavius Rusticius 465 Flavius Hermenericus Flavius Basiliscus 466 Flavius Valerius Leo Augustus III Tatianus (Gaul) 467 Flavius Pusaeus Flavius Johannes (East) 468 sine collega Procopius Anthemius Augustus II 469 Flavius Zeno Flavius Marcianus 470 Messius Phoebus Severus (West) Flavius Jordanes 471 Flavius Valerius Novus Leo Augustus IV Caelius Aconius Probianus 472 Rufius Postumius Festus Flavius Marcianus II 473 Flavius Valerius Leo Augustus V sine collega 474 Flavius Leo iunior Augustus sine collega 475 Flavius Zeno Augustus II Post consulatum Leonis iunioris Augusti (West) 476 Flavius Basiliscus Augustus II Flavius Armatus 477 Post consulatum Basilisci Augusti II et Armati 478 Illus sine collega 479 Flavius Zeno Augustus III sine collega 480 sine collega Caecina Decius Maximus Basilius iunior[201] 481 sine collega Rufius Achilius Maecius Placidus 482 Flavius Appalius Illus Trocundes Severinus iunior 483 Post consulatum Trocundis (East) Anicius Acilius Aginantius Faustus iunior 484 Flavius Theodericus Decius Marius Venantius Basilius 485 Post consulatum Theoderici (East) Q. Aurelius Memmius Symmachus iunior 486 Flavius Longinus Caecina Mavortius Basilius Decius iunior 487 Post consulatum Longini (East) Nar. Manlius Boëthius 488 Claudius Julius Ecclesius Dynamius Rufius Achilius Sividius 489 Flavius Eusebius Petronius Probinus 490 Flavius Longinus II Anicius Probus Faustus iunior 491 Flavius Olybrius Iunior sine collega 492 Flavius Anastasius Augustus Flavius Rufus[202] 493 Flavius Eusebius II Flavius Albinus iunior 494 Flavius Turcius Rufius Apronianus Asterius Flavius Praesidius 495 sine collega Flavius Viator[203] 496 Flavius Paulus Post consulatum Viatoris (West) 497 Flavius Anastasius Augustus II II post consulatum Viatoris (West) 498 Johannes Scytha Flavius Paulinus 499 Flavius Johannes qui est Gibbus Post consulatum Paulini (West) 500 Flavius Patricius Flavius Hypatius 501 Flavius Pompeius Flavius Avienus iunior 502 Flavius Probus Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus iunior 503 Flavius Dexicrates[204] Flavius Volusianus[204] 504 sine collega Rufius Petronius Nicomachus Cethegus 505 Flavius Sabinianus Flavius Theodorus 506 Flavius Areobindus Dagalaiphus Areobindus Flavius Ennodius Messala 507 Flavius Anastasius Augustus III Venantius iunior 508 Flavius Celer Basilius Venantius iunior 509 sine collega Flavius Inportunus iunior 510 sine collega Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius iunior 511 Flavius Secundinus Felix 512 Flavius Paulus Flavius Moschianus (East) 513 Taurus Clementinus Armonius Clementinus Flavius Probus 514 Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator sine collega 515 Procopius Anthemius Flavius Florentius[204] 516 sine collega Flavius Petrus 517 Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius Anastasius Flavius Agapitus 518 Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Moschianus Probus Magnus Post consulatum Agapiti (West) 519 Flavius Justinus Augustus Eutharicus Cillica 520 Flavius Vitalianus Flavius Rusticius[204] 521 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Flavius Valerius 522 Flavius Symmachus (West) Flavius Boëthius (West) 523 sine collega Flavius Anicius Maximus 524 Flavius Justinus Augustus II Venantius Opilio 525 Flavius Theodorus Philoxenus Soterichus Philoxenus Flavius Probus iunior 526 sine collega Flavius Olybrius iunior 527 sine collega Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius 528 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus II Post consulatum Mavortii (West) 529 sine collega Flavius Decius Iunior; II post consulatum Mavortii (Gaul) 530 Flavius Lampadius[204] Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes 531 Post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis Post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis 532 II post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis II post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis 533 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus III III post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis (West) 534 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus IV Flavius Decius Paulinus iunior Roman Consuls of the East alone (535–887)[edit] During the reign of Justinian I (527–565), the position of consul altered in two significant ways. From 535, there was no longer a Roman consul chosen in the West. In 541, the separate office of Roman consul was abolished.[205] When used thereafter, the office was with few exceptions used as part of the imperial title. The office was finally abolished as part of the Basilika reforms of Leo VI the Wise in 887.[206] Year Eastern Roman Consul 535[207] Flavius Belisarius 536 Post consulatum Belisarii 537 II post consulatum Belisarii 538 Flavius Marianus Michaelius Gabrielius Archangelius Johannes[208] 539 Flavius Strategius Apion Strategius Apion 540 Flavius Mar. Petrus Theodorus Valentinus Rusticius Boraides Germanus Justinus 541 Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius iunior 566 Flavius Justinus Augustus 568 Flavius Justinus Augustus II 579 Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus 583 Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus 603 Flavius Phocas Augustus 611 Flavius Heraclius Augustus 613 Flavius Heraclius Novus Constantinus Augustus 615 Leontius (honorary) 639 Flavius Constantinus Heraclius Augustus 642 Flavius Constantinus Augustus 656 Theodosius,[209] Paulus[209] 668 Flavius Constantinus Augustus 686 Flavius Justinianus Augustus[210][211] 699 Tiberius Augustus 711 Philippicus Augustus[212] 714 Anastasius Augustus 718 Leo Augustus 742 Constantinus Augustus 776 Leo Augustus 782 Constantinus Augustus 803 Nicephorus Augustus 814 Leo Augustus 821 Michael Augustus 830 Theophilus Augustus 843 Michael Augustus 867 Basilius Augustus 887 Leo Augustus References[edit] ^ a b c d e f g "Consules", in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. ^ a b c d e f g "Consul" in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. ^ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. xi, xii. ^ "Dictator" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. ^ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. xi, xii, 141, 148, 149, 163, 171. ^ Livy, History of Rome, iii. 32 ff. ^ "Decemviri" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. ^ a b "Tribunus" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. ^ Livy, History of Rome, vi. 42, vii. 1. ^ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. 108–114. ^ Anthony Grafton and Noel Swerdlow, "Technical Chronology and Astrological History in Varro, Censorinus, and Others", Classical Quarterly, N.S. 35 (1985), p. 454-65 ^ Lendering, Jona (2008). "Varronian Chronology". Livius.Org. ^ Tacitus, Historiae, 3.37 ^ The evidence for this is collected in Lily Ross Taylor and T. Robert S. Broughton, "The Order of the Two Consuls' Names in the Yearly Lists", Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, 19 (1949), pp. 3-14 ^ Taylor, "Augustan Editing in the Capitoline Fasti", pp. 73–80. ^ Roger S. Bagnall, et alia, Consuls of the later Roman Empire, Philological Monographs #36 (Atlanta: American Philological Association, 1987), pp. 13-18 ^ The fasti for the Gallic consuls under Postumus are incomplete, with the names of some ordinary consuls known, but not the year they served — see Martindale et al., Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (1971), p. 1041. ^ Both Livy (ii.8.5) and Dionysius of Halicarnassus (iv.1.2, iv.12.3, iv.19.2) assign 5 consuls to the first year of the Republic; however Polybius (iii.22.1), a historian considered very reliable and having access to an older tradition, names only Brutus and Horatius as consuls for this year. Various theories have been offered to explain this contradiction. For example, Gary Forsythe argues that Polybius accurately reports the names of the first pair of consuls, while Livy and Dionysius follow "the later annalistic tradition". (Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome (Berkley: University of California, 2005), p. 153) ^ These consuls are omitted by Livy, likely due to confusion with the consuls of 506 BC ^ So Dionysius of Halicarnassus (v.36.1) and others. Livy (ii.15.1), however, names another pair: P. Lucretius and P. Valerius Poplicola. Alan Samuel explains this difference as Lucretius being an error for Larcius, due to confusion with Poplicola's colleague in 508 and 504 BC. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 256) ^ This pair of consuls as well as those of 489 BC are omitted by Livy. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf The order of these consuls was reversed in the Fasti Capitolini after Augustus and other patricians falsified the list in order to enhance the prestige of their ancestors (by placing them as consuls prior). Cf. Taylor, "Augustan Editing in the Capitoline Fasti", pp. 73–80. ^ So the Fasti Capitolini; both Livy and Dionysisus of Halicarnassus call him simply C. Servilius. Diodorus Siculus (XI.52.1) names C. Cornelius Lentulus as the colleague of Mamercus (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256) ^ Both Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus omit all mention of this suffect consul. ^ Aulus Gellius (17.21.13) names a different pair of consuls for this year: Menenius Agrippa and M. Horatius Pulvillus. B.W. Frier suggests his source may have been the Chronica of Cornelius Nepos, "who is cited three times in this passage". (Frier, "Licinius Macer and the Consules Suffecti of 444 B. C.", Transactions of the American Philological Association, 105 (1975), p. 84) ^ So Dionysius of Halicarnassus (IX.37.2) and Fasti Capitolini, which Livy admits is an alternative to the man he names as Mamercus' colleague, Opet. Verginius (II.54.3). Diodorus Siculus (XI.65.1) names L. Stoudios Iulius as Mamercus' colleague. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256) ^ R. M. Ogilvie opens his article on the line containing the consuls for this year with the words "One of the outstanding puzzles of the Capitoline Fasti." ("The Consul of 458 B.C.", Hermes, 89 (1961), pp. 379-382) The Fasti Capitolini adds a suffect consul with the cognomen Carve[tus] or Carve[ntanus] for the suffect of this year; Livy (III.25.1) names only the consuls L. Minucius and C. Nautius for this year, as does Dionysius of Halicarnassus (X.22.1; XI.20.1); Diodorus Siculus XI.88.1 gives L. Minucius the cognomen Karoutianos; the late sources the Chronicle Pascal and the Fasti Hydratus both present the cognomen Atratinus. Based on these contradictory entries, Ogilvie notes that it "was the practice of the Annalists to collect together whatever material from whatever sources they could and to combine evidence from the tabulae pontificum, inscriptions, monuments and family tradition" and claims to have found here an example of such an interpolation. ^ Diodorus Siculus (XII.3.1) instead lists the consuls for this year as L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and M. Fabius Vibulanus ^ Livy mentions Claudius and Genucius as being elected consuls, but resigning to allow the Decemviri to take office (III.33); Diodorus Siculus mentions them only as Decemviri (XII.23.1). ^ Two different praenomina have been reported for this person: Publius and Servius. If he was P. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, he would be identical with an officer who fought the Volscians in 446 BC under the consuls Quinctius and Furius; if he was Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, he would be identical with the consul of 461 BC; in either case, this Decemvir was one of three ambassadors sent to Greece to study their laws. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 46 n. 4, p. 51 and note) ^ Three different praenomina have been reported for this person: Spurius, Lucius, and Titus. If he was T. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, he would be identical with the consul of 462 BC; if he was C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus (in Old Roman cursive, "C", "S" and "L" are similar enough that it is not unreasonable to assume they could be confused), he would be identical with the consul of 455 BC. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 46 n. 3 ^ His praenomen is not preserved in Fasti Capitolini, but ancient authors disagree. Livy gives "Marcus" and later "Lucius", Diodorus Siculus gives "Caius", and Dionysius of Halicarnassus gives "Marcus". (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 47 n. 3) ^ Livy (IV.7.10) adds this pair of consuls, based on Macer's reading of the libri lintei; however they are not mentioned by Diodorus Siculus, and according to Cicero these two consuls became Rome's first pair of censors the following year. As a result modern authorities eliminate the consuls, the consular tribunes, or attempt to fit both into 444 BC. B.W. Frier argues that this textual issue "reflects an important historiographic conflict in the late Roman Republic." (Frier, "Licinius Macer", p. 79; this is the thesis of his article.) ^ Livy (IV.12.6) records his praenomen as Lucius, while Diodorus Siculus (XII.36.1) gives it as Titus. ^ Livy (IV.23.1–3) states Gaius Julius Iullus and Lucius Verginius Tricostus were re-elected consuls, based on the testimony of Licinius Macer, while admitting Valerius Antias and Aelius Tubero both report M. Manlius Capitolinus and Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus as consuls. Diodorus (XII.53.1) includes Manlius and Sulpicius with Ser. Cornelius Cossus as Consular Tribunes for the year. Broughton: "Of the three possibilities listed ... it seems least likely that the consuls of 435 continued in office this year. The second pair of Consuls are repeated in the other tradition which reported Military Tribunes with consular powers." (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 62 n. 1) ^ Cicero (De Re Publica 2.60), when referring to the consul of this year, calls him P. Papirius while Diodorus Siculus (xii, 72.1) calls him C. Papirius ^ Diodorus Siculus (XII.77.1) inserts the pair L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and A. Sempronius Atratinus between the consuls of 428 and 427 BC. ^ So Diodorus Siculus (XII.82.1), whose reading is favored by Broughton; Livy names this consular tribune Naevius Rutilius, but in another passage (IV.35.6) states all four consular tribunes are Patricians, and in a third passage (IV.44.13) calls him Nautius Rutilus. ^ So Broughton (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 69) following Degrassi, which is the praenomen Livy (IV.43.1) gives; the Fasti Capitolini has "N." which is a much more common praenomen for the gens Fabii than Gnaeus. This praenomen would also indicate he is identical to the consular tribune of 415 and 407 BC, N. Fabius Vibulanus. ^ Livy (IV.44.1) calls him L. Quinctius Cincinnatus III; the Fasti Capitolini reads [...] Cincinnatus II which would indicate he was T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus II ^ So Diodorus Siculus (XIII.7.1); Livy has here Sp. Rutilius Crassus Cicurinus, but none of the Rutilii appear in the Fasti for the next 250 years, and neither do they use the praenomen Spurius or the cognomen Crassus. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 73 n.1) ^ So Livy (IV.52.4), following Licinius Macer who attributed this reading to the libri lintei; Fasti derived from the Fasti Capitolini show it was Marcus Papirius Mugillanus. Ogilvie notes that "is the only instance of a Papirius being attributed the cognomen Atratinus which is common among, if not confined to, the Sempronii", and on this basis argues that "the original list of 411 will have been a college of three consular tribunes, Papirius, Sempronius and Nautius". (Ogilvie, "Consul of 458 BC", pp. 380f) ^ Livy (IV.61.4) instead has Gaius Fabius Ambustus, and treats him as a different person than the Consular Tribune of 401, 395 and 390 BC. ^ Livy adds to this college the two Censors M. Furius Camillus and M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 82 n. 1) ^ The Fasti Capitolini is damaged where the cognomen would appear; Broughton suggests three identifications: P. Cornelius Scipio (Consular tribune 395 BC), P. Cornelius Cossos (consular tribune 395 BC) or P. Cornelius Maluginensis (consular tribune 397 BC). (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 90 n. 1) ^ Livy (5.29.2) omits all reference to Valerius and Cornelius, presenting L. Lucretius Tricipinus Flavus and Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus as the consules ordinaires for the year. ^ Livy (5.32.1) calls him M. Aemilius Mamercinus, indicating he is a different person than the four-time consular tribune of 389 BC forward. ^ Diodorus Siculus (XV.24.1) states that there were six consular tribunes this year, but Livy only lists five; Attilio Degrassi suggests either L. Cornelius or A. Manlius for the sixth member of this college; Broughton, based on the evidence of the Fasti Capitolini, suggests A. Manlius Capitolinus. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 100 n. 1) ^ These are the nine consular tribunes the Fasti Capitolini lists for this year. Livy names only six (omitting C. Sulpicius Peticus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, and Ti. Papirius Crassus), and Diodorus Siculus eight (omitting L. Papirius Mugillanus). Broughton notes, "Clearly Fast. Cap. has the most seriously interpolated tradition." (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 106 n. 1) ^ a b These two consular tribunes are only known from Diodorus Siculus (XV.51.1). Broughton suggests "Erenucius" may be a corruption of "Genucius" or "Minucius". (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 106 n. 1) ^ a b These two consular tribunes are only known from Livy (6.31.1) ^ Modern scholarly consensus is that the fasti for the fourth century was discovered to be missing several sets of eponymous magistrates, and explained this gap by stating elections were blocked by these two tribunes. See the discussions of T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (London: Routeledge, 1995), pp. 399-402; and Forsythe, Critical History of Early Rome, pp. 368-70 ^ a b The Fasti Capitolini states C. Licinius Calvus was consul in 364 BC and C. Lincinius Stolo in 361 BC; however Livy reverses these two. ^ Livy (7.18.10) notes that "in some annals" M. Popillius Laenas appears instead of Quinctius. ^ Diodorus Siculus (XVI.59.1) reports instead the consuls for this year were M. Aemilius and T. Quinctius. ^ a b c d The years 333, 324, 309 and 301 BC come from the Fasti Capitolini, but are not evidenced in other authorities, such as Livy, Diodorus Siculus, or Cicero. A. Drummond has persuasively argued that they are the introduction of the antiquarian Titus Pomponius Atticus (whose work is better known as the Varronian Chronology, which was adopted by the Fasti Capitolini) both to fix the synchronization of the Battle of Allia to 390 BC, and to provide precedent for Julius Caesar's use of annual dictatorships. "The Dictator Years", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 27 (1978), pp. 550-572 ^ Broughton admits that the primary sources -- Livy, Diodorus Siculus, and the lists derived from the Fasti Capitolini -- "admit of four different identifications for Plautius and two for Cornelius". Plautius may be C. Plautius Proculus (cos. 358 BC); P. Plautius Proculus, an otherwise unattested son of the consul; C. Plautius Decianus (cos. 329 BC); or C. Plautius Venno/Vennox, a brother of the consul of 330 BC. Likewise, P. Cornelius could be P. Cornelius Scapula or P. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus. (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 145 n. 1) ^ Livy (8.37.2-3) would prefer Aemilius to Aulius, but notes this form is found in some annals, and describes Aulius as consul iterum in 319 BC. ^ Livy (9.15.11) notes one source instead names as consul L. Papirius Mugillanus. ^ So Broughton; Munzer (De Gente Valeria 50, no. 50 and 38, n. 8) identifies this M. Valerius Maximus with M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus, consul in 312 and 289 BC. For the period 289-285 BC the only authorities for this list are late sources such as the "Chronography of 354", Fasti Hydratus and the Pascal Chronicle, which are often corrupt. (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 186 n. 1) ^ For some reason Laevinus and Scaevola never entered office, and in their place Catulus and Philo served as consuls. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 235) ^ Killed before taking office. Cf. Broughton, vol. I, pp. 253, 257 (note 1). ^ Election declared invalid. Cf. Broughton, vol. I, pp. 254, 257 (note 3). ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 100 BC through 81 BC are taken from Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Philological Monograph No. 15. New York: American Philological Association, 1951 ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 80 BC through 1 BC are taken from Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 455-458 ^ Metellus died early in 68 BC; Vatia was elected to replace him, but Vatia died before he could enter office and Marcius continued as sole consul. (Dio 36.4.1; Broughton, Magistrates vol. II p. 137) ^ P. Cornelius Sulla and P. Antonius Paetus were elected consuls, but both were convicted of bribery under the Calpurnian Law. L. Aurelius Cotta and L. Manlius Torquatus were their replacements ^ a b c Dates of succession for this year are taken from John Bodel, "Chronology and Succession 2: Notes on Some Consular Lists on Stone", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 105 (1995), p. 285 ^ Dates of succession for this year are taken from Bodel, "Chronology and Succession", p. 280 ^ a b Dates of succession for this year are taken from Bodel, "Chronology and Succession", p. 287 ^ Dates of succession for this year are taken from Darryl A. Phillips, "The Conspiracy of Egnatius Rufus and the Election of Suffect Consuls under Augustus", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 46 (1997), pp. 106f ^ Aulus Terentius Varro Murena was consul designate for 23 BC, but died before taking office – see Swan, Michael (1967). "The Consular Fasti of 23 B.C. and the Conspiracy of Varro Murena". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. Harvard University Press. 71: 235–247. doi:10.2307/310766. JSTOR 310766. ^ Augustus was apparently intended to be the other consul ordinarius, but never took office. Dates of succession for this year are taken from Phillips, "Conspiracy of Egnatius Rufus", p. 107 ^ Dates of succession for this year are taken from Phillips, "Conspiracy of Egnatius Rufus", p. 107 ^ Dates of succession for this year are taken from Phillips, "Conspiracy of Egnatius Rufus", pp. 107f ^ Dates of succession for this year are taken from Bodel, "Chronology and Succession", p. 289 ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from AD 1 through AD 12 are taken from Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 455–458 ^ The consuls of this year are taken from Diana Gorostidi Pi, "Sui consoli dell’anno 13 d.C.: Nuovi dati dai fasti consulares Tusculani", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 189 (2014), pg 265–275 ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 14–36 are taken from Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), pp.458-460 ^ Cooley indicates no suffect consuls for this year ^ Tacitus, Ann., IV, 28. ^ Der Neue Pauly, Stuttgardiae 1999, T. 12/2, c. 177 ^ The dates of the consuls in this year is taken from John Bodel, "Chronology and Succession 2: Notes on Some Consular Lists on Stone", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 105 (1995), p. 296 ^ First proposed by Hans-Georg Pflaum, and accepted by Ladislaus Vidman (Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 68); Cooley offers as a possible alternative A. Didius Gallus although she also puts him in the last nundinium of 39. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 37–40 are taken from Paul Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Gaius", Antichthon, 13 (1979), p. 66–69 ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 41-54 are taken from Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius", Classical Quarterly, 28 (1978), pp. 407–426 ^ M. Christol and S. Demougin have shown that the colleague of P. Suillius Rufus is not the governor of Britain, but another member of the gens Ostoria ("Notes de prosopographie équestre", in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 57 (1984), pp. 171-8). ^ Gallivan's source (Gaius Institutes, 3.63) does not indicate which months Cornelius held office. ^ In a re-examination of the primary source, Camodeca has shown that the consul "L. S[...]" is a phantom, and it has been removed from this list. ("I consoli del 43 e gli Antistii Veteres d'età claudia dalla riedizione delle Tabulae Herculanenses", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 140 (2002), pp. 227–236 ^ Camodeca concludes that the former reading, L. Oppius, is erroneous, and that the initial is certainly 'S', probably followed by 'p', but the name is definitely not Sex. This late occurrence of the praenomen indicates that the consul was probably descended from the praetor Spurius Oppius of 44 BC, and recalls the decemvir Spurius Oppius Cornicen. "I consoli del 43", pp. 230, 232, 233. ^ Suffect consuls for July–December Gallivan placed in 44 Camodeca moved to 47 ("Novità sui fasti consolari delle tavolette cerate della Campania", Publications de l'École française de Rome, 143 (1991), p. 52) ^ Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli del 43 e gli Antistii Veteres d'età claudia dalla riedizione delle Tabulae Herculanenses", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 140 (2002), pp. 234–236. ^ See Camodeca, "Novità sui fasti consolari", p. 52 ^ Giuseppe Camodeca argues that Gallivan mistakenly followed an error by the writer of Tabula Pompeiana 41, and combined the two Vipstani into one person; other wax tablets dated to that year show the two suffect consuls as separate people. ("Novità sui fasti consolari", p. 53) ^ Gallivan shows Aefulanus held his office in this year, but not which month. ^ Names and dates for 55 and 56 taken from Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli des 55–56 e un nuovo collega di seneca nel consolato: P. Cornelius Dolabella (TP.75 [=1401 +135)*", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 63 (1986), pp. 201–215. ^ Camodeca allocates January–April to Vetus, while Werner Eck, Historia, 24 (1975), pp. 338 ff. extends his tenure to June. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 57-67 are taken from Gallivan, "Some Comments on the Fasti for the Reign of Nero", Classical Quarterly, 24 (1974), pp. 290–311 ^ Names and dates for 62 taken from Eck, "Miscellanea prosopographica", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 42 (1981), pp. 227 ff. ^ George Houston points out that this consul had no attested cognomen, and "Celsus" was added based on a preliminary reading of a wax table from Pompeii, CIL IV.3340.151. "P. Marius P.f., Cos. Ord. A.D. 62", ZPE 16 (1975), pp. 33–35 ^ Giuseppe Camodeca reads C. Junius Marullus ("I consoli degli anni di Nerone nelle 'Tabulae Herculanenses'", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 193 (2015), p. 277) ^ Camodeca reads P. Petronius Niger ("I consoli degli anni di Nerone", p. 276) ^ Gallivan, "Reign of Nero" followed Degrassi in assuming that the ordinary consul for this year was named "A. Licinius Nerva Silianus P. Pasidienus Firmus", a case of polyonymy. A military diploma published later (AE 1978, 658) shows they are two different people. ^ a b Gallivan, "Reign of Nero", placed Appius Annius Gallus and Severus in 66 and Marcus Annius Afrinus and Africanus in 67; however Camodeca published one of the Tabulae Herculei that shows Appius Annius Gallus and Severus were suffect consuls 4 November of an unknown year -- thus proving their office was in 67. (AE 1993, 460 = Bolletino del Centro internazionale per lo studio dei papiri ercolanesi, 23 (1993), 109-119) ^ Names and dates for this year are taken from Camodeca, "I consoli degli anni di Nerone", p. 281 ^ Names and dates for this year are taken from G. B. Townend, "The Consuls of A. D. 69/70", American Journal of Philology, 83 (1962), pp. 113–129 ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 70–96 are taken from Paul Gallivan, "The Fasti for A. D. 70–96", Classical Quarterly, 31 (1981), pp. 186–220 ^ a b Gallivan dated M. Ulpius Traianus (father of Trajan) to 70 based on his arrangement of the fragments of tablet E of the Fasti Ostienses (p. 187); however, subsequent recovery of fragments allowed Ladislav Vidman to date Ulpius Traianus' tenure to 72 (Vidman, Fasti Ostienses, pp. 73-75). AE 1978, 60 proves that C. Licinius Mucianus was suffect consul for that nundinium; redating Ulpius Traianus is the only change required. ^ The suffect consuls for September–October are attested in 80 by the Fasti Septempeda, a primary source. ^ This pair of suffects added from Camodeca, "Novità sui fasti consolari", pp. 57–62 ^ Gallivan ("Fasti for A. D. 70–96", pp. 206, 219) dated this pair of suffects to 30 December "71-72"; because Camodeca added the consuls for November–December 71, they are placed here. ^ All that survives of this suffect's name on the Fasti Feriarum Latinarum (CIL VI, 2242) ^ AE 1968, 7 restores this as "Sex. Iulius Fr]on[tinus", stating he is attested as suffect consul in June. ^ Grainger, John D. (2004). Nerva and the Roman Succession Crisis of AD 96–99. London: Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 0203218078. ^ See Syme, "P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192 ^ Gallivan ("Fasti for A. D. 70–96", pp. 209, 219) dated this pair of suffects to "79-80"; this is the only open office in those two years, so he is placed here. ^ a b c Added from the Fasti Septempeda (AE 1998, 419) ^ All that survives of this suffect's name on the Fasti Ostienses (frag. Fa) ^ So Gallivan. Werner Eck suggests instead M. Mettius Modestus. "Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu Konsuln und Senatoren des 1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 37 (1980), pp. 51-60 ^ CIL IX, 5420 dates Patruinus to this nundinium, and Werner Eck ("Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu Konsuln und Senatoren des 1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 37 (1980), pp. 51-60) restores the deleted name as Saturninus'. ^ For the suffect consuls Gallivan placed in July/August of this year see List of undated Roman consuls and note. ^ This person is a puzzle. G.B. Townend stated he was the son of the suffect consul of 70 and 74, but that means the older Petillius either held the fasces late in life, or had his son very young. Gallivan suggests that this may actually be the third consulship of Petilius. (Gallivan, "The Fasti for A. D. 70–96", p. 212) ^ Syme first proposed the identification of this consul with M. Raecius Gallus ("Pliny the Procurator", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 73 (1969), pp. 201–236 [p. 229]). However, he later concluded that Publius Glitius Gallus "is on every count a better candidate" than Raecius ("P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192 [p. 175]). ^ Syme raised the possibility that L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus was the second consul ordinarius for this year Journal of Roman Studies, 43 (1953), p. 155), a suggestion shared by H. Nesselhauf (Gnomon 26 (1954), p. 270); however, Vidman has found an inscription which is dated a.d. X k. Februarias Imp. Domitiano XI, T. Aurelio Fulvo it(terum) co(n)sulibus, showing that Fulvus was the consul posterior for this year. (Fasti Ostienses, pp. 78f) ^ This pair of suffects taken from Eck and Pangerl, "Neue Diplome mit den Namen von Konsuln und Statthaltern", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 187 (2013), pp. 274f ^ a b Evidence is lacking to determine whether Campanus served until April, or an unknown person held the fasces in March and April. ^ So AE 2012, 1959; Gallivan "Bellicus", following CIL VI, 2065 ^ Or M. Tuccius Cerialis, a consular mentioned by Pliny (Epistulae, II.11.9) ^ Names and dates for this year are taken from Werner Eck, "Diplome, Konsuln und Statthalter: Fortschritte und Probleme der kaiserzeitlichen Prosopographie", Chiron, 34 (2004), pp. 35-44. ^ AE 2008, 1753 ^ Unless otherwise noted, the consuls for this year are taken from Fausto Zevi "I consoli del 97 d. Cr. in due framenti gia' editi dei Fasti Ostienses", Listy filologické / Folia philologica, 96 (1973), pp. 125–137 ^ All that survives of the consul's name on the Fasti ostienses is "..]us", which Zevi had plausibly restored as Lucius Licinius Sura. However, two more recently recovered fragments of military diplomas show that the name of this consul is L. Pomponius Maternus, who is otherwise unknown. (Eck and Pangerl, "Zwei Konstitutionen für die Truppen Niedermösiens vom 9. September 97", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 151 (2005), pp. 185-192 ^ So Zevi; Cooley offers no colleague for Tacitus. Peter Weiss has argued, based on more recently recovered evidence, that Scapula could have been suffect consul in September–October 99, or even later. (Weiss, "Weitere Diplomfragmente von Moesia Inferior", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 124 (1999), pp. 287-289 ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 98 - 100 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 466f ^ This pair of suffects added from Vidman (Fasti Ostienses, p. 94), following Syme's suggestion (review of Degrassi, I Fasti Consolari dell' Impero Romano dal 30 Av anti Christo al 613 Dopo Christo in Journal of Roman Studies, 43 (1953), p. 154) ^ Placed in this year by Mommsen. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 101 through 115 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 467f ^ Added from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfastern der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), p. 327 n.181 ^ Added from AE 2013, 650 ^ As proposed by Syme, "People in Pliny", Journal of Roman Studies, 58 (1968), pp. 139f ^ It is uncertain which ordinary consul Acilius Rufus replaced. ^ Fasti ostiensis reads ...] Rufu[s]; Attilo Degrassi and Vidman restore this name as "L. Acilius Rufus", while Ronald Syme restores it as "M. Acilius Rufus" (Syme, "Superior Suffect Consuls", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 58 (1985), pp. 239-242) ^ This pair of consuls added from AE 2004, 1898 ^ Added from Evgeni I. Paunov and Margaret M. Roxan, "The Earliest Extant Diploma of Thrace, AD 114 (=RMD I 14)", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 119 (1997), pp. 269–279. ^ The praenomen Marcus is attested by an inscription dated 1 September. (AE 1998, 1727) ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 116 and 117 are taken from Werner Eck, "Konsuln des Jahres 117 in Militärdiplomen Traians mit Tribunicia Potestas XX", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 185 (2013), pp. 235–238 ^ All that survives of the name on the Fasti ostienses. Suggested restorations include Q. Cornelius Senecio Annainus (favored by Cooley) and Q. Coelius Honoratus. (Vidman Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 114) ^ a b The names and dates for this year are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, p. 469 ^ The names and dates for this year are taken from Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl, "Neue Diplome mit den Namen von Konsuln und Statthaltern," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 187 (2013), p. 282 ^ The names and dates for 120 and 121 are taken from Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl, "Ein Consul Suffectus Q. Aburnius in drei fragmentarischen Diplomen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 185 (2013), pp. 239–247 ^ W. Eck, A. Pangerl,"Neue Diplome aus der Zeit Hadrians für die beiden mösischen Provinzen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 207 (2018), pp. 219-224 ^ The names and dates for this year are taken from Eck and Pangerl, "Neue Diplome," pp. 287f ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 124 through 130 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 469f ^ Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl had previously reconstructed the gentilium of this otherwise unknown person as "Accena", but a more recently discovered military diploma proved this is his correct name. Eck and Pangerl, "Eine Konstitution für das Herr von Moesia Inferior vom 1. Juni 125 in fünf Diplomen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 188 (2014), pp. 245–249 ^ All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Vidman suggests this restoration (Vidman, Fasti Ostienses, p. 118) ^ All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Cooley suggests this restoration. ^ Unless otherwise noted, the names and dates for the consuls from 131 to 135 are taken from Werner Eck, Paul Holder and Andreas Pangerl, "A Diploma for the Army of Britain in 132 and Hadrian's Return to Rome from the East", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 174 (2010), p. 194. The structure of the nundinia presented for those years is also used here. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 136 and 137 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, p. 471 ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 138 to 161 are taken from Werner Eck, "Die Fasti consulares der Regungszeit des Antoninus Pius, eine Bestandsaufnahme seit Géza Alföldys Konsulat und Senatorenstand" in Studia epigraphica in memoriam Géza Alföldy, hg. W. Eck, B. Feher, and P. Kovács (Bonn, 2013), pp. 69–90 ^ a b Werner Eck and Peter Weiß have shown a fragment of a military diploma proves that the suffect consuls previously allocated to 165 are correctly placed in 142. "Tusidius Campester, cos. suff. unter Antoninus Pius, und die Fasti Ostienses der Jahrec141/142 n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 134 (2001), pp. 251-260 ^ So Eck ("Die Fasti consulares", p.75) and James H. Oliver ("The Solonian Constitution and a Consul of A.D. 149", Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 13 (1972), pp. 103-107) separately. Alföldy identifies this consul with Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, proconsul of Africa 163/164 (Konsulat und Senatorenstand, p. 153) ^ AE 1947, 59, as restored by Alföldy; Eck accepts this restoration. ^ Thus Ronald Syme and Alföldy. Fasti ostiensis reads ...]imus; Attilo Degrassi reads "C. Julius Maximus". (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 76) ^ Fasti ostiensis reads [...]cus; Eck restores the name as the legate of Legio III (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 77) ^ All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Eck accepts this restoration by Alföldy. ^ Identified by Alföldy as M. Gavius Appalius Maximus. (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 77 n. 24) ^ The son of the son of the suffect consul of 123. (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 77) ^ Or Q. Virius Larcius Sulpicius, both suggested by Eck. The inscription these suggestions are based on, IGR III 667 reads Q. V[...]SV[...]clus. (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 79) ^ Eck suggests that he may be identical to C. Septimus Severus, proconsul of Africa. ^ All that survives of this suffect's name on the diploma CIL XVI, 130 ^ Ladislav Vidman, "Ein neuer Konsul des Jahres 160", Listy filologické / Folia philologica, 100 (1977), pp. 199–203 ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 162 to 180 are taken from Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 176-191 ^ W. Eck, A. Pangerl, "Eine neue Bürgerrechtskonstitution für die Truppen von Pannonia inferior aus dem Jahr 162 mit einem neuen Konsulnpaar", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 173 (2010), pp. 223-236 ^ P. A. Holder, Roman Military Diplomas V, (2006), p. 861 ^ C. Römer, "Diplom für einen Fußsoldaten aus Koptos vom 23. März 179", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 82 (1990), pp. 137–153 ^ Ioan Piso and Doina Benea, "Das Militärdiplom von Drobeta", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 263ff ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 181 to 235 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander, (Amsterdam: Verlag Gieben, 1989), pp. 129-137 ^ David Stone Potter, The Roman Empire at bay, AD 180–395 (2006), pg. 72 ^ CIL VI, 2100 reads ..]vo or (nominative) ...]vus for Rufus' colleague. This is the most frequent restoration. ^ Leunissen disagrees with Dessau, Groag, and Barbieri that the gentilium of this suffect consul could be Atulenus. (Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 132 n. 20) ^ The suffects for this year are taken from Peter Weiß, "Konstitutionen eines toten Kaisers: Militärdiplome von Commodus aus dem Jahr 193 n. Chr.", PHAROS Studien zur griechisch-römischen Antike. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden 2015. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden 2015, pp. 273–280. ^ Fabius Cilo was possibly a colleague of Silius Messalla. Peter Weiß, p. 277. ^ The sources disagree on his praenomen: CIL XIII, 1754 attests "L.", while CIL VIII, 8937 attests "C." ^ Suffectus in absentia. It is uncertain which consul he replaced. (Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 134 and note) ^ This pair of suffect consuls taken from Werner Eck, "Prosopographische Bemerkungen zum Militärdiplom vom 20.12.202 n. Chr. Der Flottenpräfekt Aemilius Sullectinus und das Gentilnomen des Usurpators Regalianus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 139 (2002), pp. 208–210. ^ Added from Leunissen, p. 238 ^ This pair is attested in M. M. Roxan, Roman Military Diplomas, 3: 1985–93 (1994), no. 188 ^ His praenomen was confirmed by Askold Ivantchik, Oleg Pogorelets and Rostislav Savvov, "A New Roman Military Diploma from the Territory of the Ukraine", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 163 (2007), pp. 255-262 ^ Andreas Krieckhaus, "Vater und Sohn. Bemerkungen zu den severischen consules ordinarii M. Munatius Sulla Cerialis und M. Munatius Sulla Urbanus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 153 (2005), pp. 283-284 ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 236 to 285 are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (München: Beck'sch, 1972), pp. 272f ^ Cognomen restored from RMD-03, 199 ^ Olivier Hekster, Nicholas Zair, Rome and Its Empire, AD 193–284 (2008), pg. 117 ^ Bowman, Alan K. The Cambridge Ancient History: The Crisis of Empire, AD. 193–337, pg. 120 ^ Diocletian assumed the ordinary consulship in the east in opposition to Carinus in Rome – see Bagnall, Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), pg. 105 ^ From the Fasti Caleni, as published in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 110 ^ From the Fasti Caleni, as published in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), pp. 112–113 ^ Potentially related to Vettius Rufinus, consul of 316 AD, see discussion in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 180 ^ Proculus seems to have fallen into disgrace and Iulianus appointed for him, see T. D. Barnes, in ZPE 21 (1976), p. 280 and T. D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, p. 102. Proculus could be identical with the proc. Africae in 319/320 AD, see Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 184. ^ Following p.Stras 137.20 and p.Stras 138.17 the first name could be Ionius instead of Julius, see discussion in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 629f. ^ This Aëtius was not the general of the Western Empire, but comes domesticorum of the Eastern court. Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association, 1989, p. 443 ^ "the first consul designated by a barbarian king" according to Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. p. 495. ISBN 1-55540-099-X. ^ Both consuls were Easterners – see Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. p. 18. ISBN 1-55540-099-X. ^ '[P]resumably a westerner' – Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. p. 524. ISBN 1-55540-099-X. ^ a b c d e Otherwise unknown ^ Vasiliev (1952), p. I 192. ^ Timothy Gregory, A History of Byzantium, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), p. 227 ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 535 through 613 are taken from Attilio Degrassi, I fasti consolari dell'Impero Romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (Rome, 1952), pp. 99-106 ^ Latin-Greek Inscription (AE 2004, 01410) ^ a b Chapman, John. Buehler, Joe (ed.). "Catholic Encyclopedia: Maxiums of Constantinople, Saint". Eternal Word Television Network. ^ Bede (1999). Halsall, Paul (ed.). "Bede (673–734): Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Book V: Chapter VII". Medieval Sourcebook. Archived from the original on 2014-08-14. Retrieved 2008-01-17. ^ Justinian II adopted the title of consul for all the Julian years of his reign, consecutively numbered. ^ Thompson, Margaret (1940). "The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: Eighteenth Report (Jul. – Sep., 1940): Some Unpublished Bronze Money of the Early Eighth Century". Hesperia. 9 (3): 358–380. doi:10.2307/146483. JSTOR 146483. Further reading[edit] Primary sources[edit] Baiterus, Georgius (1837). "Consulares Triumphalesque Romanorum ad Fidem Optimorum Auctorum". In von Orelli, Johann Caspar (ed.). M. Tullii Ciceronis opera quae supersunt omnia, ac deperditorum (in Latin). Volume 12. Turici: Typis Orelli, Fuesslini et Sociorum. B. Bargaglia and C. Grosso, I Fasti Ostienses, Itinerari Ostiensi 8 (1997). Attilio Degrassi. Fasti Capitolini. n.p.: G. B. Paravia, 1954 An English translation of one version of this primary source can be found on attalus.org Mommsen, Theodor; Pearse, Roger, eds. (2006) [1892]. "Part 8: List (fasti) of the consuls to 354 AD". Chronography of 354. The Tertullian Project. Ladislav Vidman (ed.), Fasti ostienses. First edition: Praha: Československá Akademie Věd, 1957. Second edition: Praha: Academia, 1982 Richard W. Burgess, "'Non Duo Antonini Sed Duo Augusti' The Consuls of 161 and the Origins and Traditions of the Latin Consular Fasti of the Roman Empire", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 132 (2000), pp. 259–290 Secondary sources[edit] Alföldy, Géza (1977). Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen (in German). Bonn: Habelt Verlag. Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the Later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. ISBN 1-55540-099-X. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon; Patterson, Marcia L. (Collaborator) (1986). The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Philological Monograph No. 15. American Philological Association. ISBN 0-89130-811-3. Camodeca, Giuseppe (1986). "I consoli des 55–56 e un nuovo collega di seneca nel consolato: P. Cornelius Dolabella (TP.75 [=1401 +135)*". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (in Italian). 63: 201–215. Camodeca, Giuseppe (1991). "Epigrafia. Actes du Colloque international d'epigraphie latine en mémoire de Attilio Degrassi etc". Collection de l’ecole française de Rome 143 (in Italian). Rome: 45–74. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); |contribution= ignored (help) Degrassi, Attilio (1952). I fasti consolari dell'impero romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (in Italian). Roma. Eck, Werner (1970). Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian (in German). München: Beck. Eck, Werner (1975). "Ergänzungen zu den Fasti Consulares des 1. und 2. Jh.n.Chr". Historia (in German). 24: 324–344. Gallivan, Paul A. (1974). "Some Comments on the Fasti for the Reign of Nero". Classical Quarterly. New Series. 24 (2): 290–311. doi:10.1017/S0009838800032821. Gallivan, Paul A. (1978). "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius". Classical Quarterly. 28 (2): 407–426. doi:10.1017/S0009838800034959. Ginsburg, Judith R. (1981). "Nero's Consular Policy". American Journal of Ancient History. 6 (1): 51–68. Leunissen, Paul (1989). Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (in German). Amsterdam: Verlag Gieben. Mennen, Inge (2011). Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193–284. BRILL. Peck, Harry Thurston, ed. (1897). "Consules". Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities (Second ed.). p. 406. Smith, William, ed. (1859). "Consul". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (Second ed.). Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. pp. 352–356. Smith, William; Anthon, Charles, eds. (1886). "Fasti Consulares". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (Third American Carefully Revised ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 1075–1092. Tortoriello, Annalisa (2004). I fasti consolari degli anni di Claudio (in Italian). Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. 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