Platonic Academy - Wikipedia Platonic Academy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Ancient philosophical, research and educative center, founded by Plato This article is about the academy founded by Plato. For the 15th-century school in Florence, see Platonic Academy (Florence). For the Raphael painting, see The School of Athens. "Akademia" redirects here. For the French early music ensemble, see Akadêmia. Coordinates: 37°59′33″N 23°42′29″E / 37.99250°N 23.70806°E / 37.99250; 23.70806 Part of a series on Platonism Plato from Raphael's The School of Athens (1509–1511) Early life Works Epistemology Idealism / realism Demiurge Theory of forms Theory of soul Transcendentals Form of the Good Third man argument Euthyphro dilemma Five regimes Philosopher king Plato's unwritten doctrines political philosophy Allegories and metaphors Atlantis Ring of Gyges The Cave The Divided Line The Sun Ship of State Myth of Er The Chariot Related articles Commentaries The Academy in Athens Socratic problem Academic skepticism Middle Platonism Neoplatonism and Christianity Allegorical interpretations of Plato Related categories ► Plato  Philosophy portal v t e Plato's Academy mosaic — from the Villa of T. Siminius Stephanus in Pompeii. The Academy (Ancient Greek: Ἀκαδημία) was founded by Plato in c. 387 BC in Athens. Aristotle studied there for twenty years (367–347 BC) before founding his own school, the Lyceum. The Academy persisted throughout the Hellenistic period as a skeptical school, until coming to an end after the death of Philo of Larissa in 83 BC. The Platonic Academy was destroyed by the Roman dictator Sulla in 86 BC.[1] Contents 1 Site 1.1 Today 2 History 2.1 The three Platonic eras 2.1.1 Old Academy 2.1.2 Middle Academy 2.1.3 New Academy 2.2 Destruction of the Academy 3 Neoplatonic Academy 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Site[edit] Ancient road to the Academy. Map of Ancient Athens. The Academy is north of Athens. The Akademia was a school outside the city walls of ancient Athens. It was located in or beside a grove of olive trees dedicated to the goddess Athena,[2] which was on the site even before Cimon enclosed the precincts with a wall.[3] The archaic name for the site was Ἑκαδήμεια (Hekademia), which by classical times evolved into Ἀκαδημία (Akademia), which was explained, at least as early as the beginning of the 6th century BC, by linking it to "Akademos", a legendary Athenian hero. The site of the Academy was sacred to Athena; it had sheltered her religious cult since the Bronze Age. The site was perhaps also associated with the twin hero-gods Castor and Polydeuces (the Dioscuri), since the hero Akademos associated with the site was credited with revealing to the brothers where the abductor Theseus had hidden their sister Helen. Out of respect for its long tradition and its association with the Dioscuri – who were patron gods of Sparta – the Spartan army would not ravage these original "groves of Academe" when they invaded Attica.[4] Their piety was not shared by the Roman Sulla, who had the sacred olive trees of Athena cut down in 86 BC to build siege engines. Among the religious observances that took place at the Akademeia was a torchlit night race from altars within the city to Prometheus' altar in the Akademeia. The road to Akademeia was lined with the gravestones of Athenians, and funeral games also took place in the area as well as a Dionysiac procession from Athens to the Hekademeia and then back to the city.[5][6] The site of the Academy[7] is located near Colonus, approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) north of Athens' Dipylon gates.[8] Today[edit] The site was rediscovered in the 20th century, in the modern Akadimia Platonos neighbourhood; considerable excavation has been accomplished and visiting the site is free.[9] Visitors today can visit the archaeological site of the Academy located on either side of the Cratylus street in the area of Colonos and Plato's Academy (Postal Code GR 10442). On either side of the Cratylus street are important monuments, including the Sacred House Geometric Era, the Gymnasium (1st century BC – 1st century AD), the Proto-Helladic Vaulted House and the Peristyle Building (4th century BC), which is perhaps the only major building that belonged to the actual Academy of Plato. History[edit] The area to be Plato's Academy appears to be named after Academus, an Attic hero in Greek mythology. Academus was said to have saved Athens from attack by Troy, revealing where Helen of Troy was hidden, when she had been kidnapped by King Theseus years before the incidents of the later Trojan War. Having thus spared Athens a war (or at least delayed it), Academus was seen as a savior of Athens. His land, six stadia (a total of about one kilometer, or a half mile, the exact length of a stadion varied) north of Athens, became revered even by neighboring city-states, escaping destruction during the many local wars. This piece of land was in historic Greek times adorned with oriental plane and olive plantations[10] and was called Academia after its original owner.[11] What was later to be known as Plato's school appears to have been part of Academia. Plato inherited the property at the age of thirty, with informal gatherings which included Theaetetus of Sunium, Archytas of Tarentum, Leodamas of Thasos, and Neoclides.[12] According to Debra Nails, Speusippus "joined the group in about 390 BC". She claims, "It is not until Eudoxus of Cnidos arrives in the mid-380s BC that Eudemus recognizes a formal Academy." There is no historical record of the exact time the school was officially founded, but modern scholars generally agree that the time was the mid-380s, probably sometime after 387 BC, when Plato is thought to have returned from his first visit to Italy and Sicily.[13] Originally, the meetings were held on Plato's property as often as they were at the nearby Academy gymnasium; this remained so throughout the fourth century.[14] Though the academy was open to the public, the main participants were upper class men.[15][16] It did not, at least during Plato's time, charge fees for membership.[17][15] Therefore, there was probably not at that time a "school" in the sense of a clear distinction between teachers and students, or even a formal curriculum.[18] There was, however, a distinction between senior and junior members.[19] Two women are known to have studied with Plato at the Academy, Axiothea of Phlius and Lasthenia of Mantinea.[20] In at least Plato's time, the school did not have any particular doctrine to teach; rather, Plato (and probably other associates of his) posed problems to be studied and solved by the others.[21] There is evidence of lectures given, most notably Plato's lecture "On the Good"; but probably the use of dialectic was more common.[22] According to an unverifiable story, dated of some 700 years after the founding of the school, above the entrance to the Academy was inscribed the phrase "Let None But Geometers Enter Here."[23] Many have imagined that the Academic curriculum would have closely resembled the one canvassed in Plato's Republic.[24] Others, however, have argued that such a picture ignores the obvious peculiar arrangements of the ideal society envisioned in that dialogue.[25] The subjects of study almost certainly included mathematics as well as the philosophical topics with which the Platonic dialogues deal, but there is little reliable evidence.[26] There is some evidence for what today would be considered strictly scientific research: Simplicius reports that Plato had instructed the other members to discover the simplest explanation of the observable, irregular motion of heavenly bodies: "by hypothesizing what uniform and ordered motions is it possible to save the appearances relating to planetary motions."[27] (According to Simplicius, Plato's colleague Eudoxus was the first to have worked on this problem.) Plato's Academy is often said to have been a school for would-be politicians in the ancient world, and to have had many illustrious alumni.[28] In a recent survey of the evidence, Malcolm Schofield, however, has argued that it is difficult to know to what extent the Academy was interested in practical (i.e., non-theoretical) politics since much of our evidence "reflects ancient polemic for or against Plato".[29] The three Platonic eras[edit] The School of Athens by Raphael (1509–1510), fresco at the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City. Diogenes Laërtius divided the history of the Academy into three: the Old, the Middle, and the New. At the head of the Old he put Plato, at the head of the Middle Academy, Arcesilaus, and of the New, Lacydes. Sextus Empiricus enumerated five divisions of the followers of Plato. He made Plato founder of the first Academy; Arcesilaus of the second; Carneades of the third; Philo and Charmadas of the fourth; and Antiochus of the fifth. Cicero recognised only two Academies, the Old and New, and had the latter commence with Arcesilaus.[30] Old Academy[edit] "Old Academy" redirects here. For the building in Munich, see Old Academy (Munich). Plato's immediate successors as "Scholarch" of the Academy were Speusippus (347–339 BC), Xenocrates (339–314 BC), Polemon (314–269 BC), and Crates (c. 269–266 BC). Other notable members of the Academy include Aristotle, Heraclides, Eudoxus, Philip of Opus, and Crantor. Middle Academy[edit] Around 266 BC Arcesilaus became Scholarch. Under Arcesilaus (c. 266–241 BC), the Academy strongly emphasized a version of Academic skepticism closely similar to Pyrrhonism.[31] Arcesilaus was followed by Lacydes of Cyrene (241–215 BC), Evander and Telecles (jointly) (205 – c. 165 BC), and Hegesinus (c. 160 BC). New Academy[edit] The New or Third Academy begins with Carneades, in 155 BC, the fourth Scholarch in succession from Arcesilaus. It was still largely skeptical, denying the possibility of knowing an absolute truth. Carneades was followed by Clitomachus (129 – c. 110 BC) and Philo of Larissa ("the last undisputed head of the Academy," c. 110–84 BC).[32][33] According to Jonathan Barnes, "It seems likely that Philo was the last Platonist geographically connected to the Academy."[34] Around 90 BC, Philo's student Antiochus of Ascalon began teaching his own rival version of Platonism rejecting Skepticism and advocating Stoicism, which began a new phase known as Middle Platonism. Destruction of the Academy[edit] The archaeological site of Plato's academy. When the First Mithridatic War began in 88 BC, Philo of Larissa left Athens and took refuge in Rome, where he seems to have remained until his death.[35] In 86 BC, Lucius Cornelius Sulla laid siege to Athens and conquered the city, causing much destruction. It was during the siege that he laid waste to the Academy, as Plutarch relates: "He laid hands upon the sacred groves and ravaged the Academy, which was the most wooded of the city's suburbs, as well as the Lyceum."[36] The destruction of the Academy seems to have been so severe as to make the reconstruction and re-opening of the Academy impossible.[37] When Antiochus returned to Athens from Alexandria, c. 84 BC, he resumed his teaching but not in the Academy. Cicero, who studied under him in 79/8 BC, refers to Antiochus teaching in a gymnasium called Ptolemy. Cicero describes a visit to the site of the Academy one afternoon, which was "quiet and deserted at that hour of the day".[38] Neoplatonic Academy[edit] Further information: Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism Despite the Platonic Academy being destroyed in the first century BC, the philosophers continued to teach Platonism in Athens during the Roman era, but it was not until the early 5th century (c. 410) that a revived academy (which had no connection with the original Academy) was established by some leading Neoplatonists.[39] The origins of Neoplatonist teaching in Athens are uncertain, but when Proclus arrived in Athens in the early 430s, he found Plutarch of Athens and his colleague Syrianus teaching in an Academy there. The Neoplatonists in Athens called themselves "successors" (diadochoi, but of Plato) and presented themselves as an uninterrupted tradition reaching back to Plato, but there cannot have actually been any geographical, institutional, economic or personal continuity with the original academy.[40] The school seems to have been a private foundation, conducted in a large house which Proclus eventually inherited from Plutarch and Syrianus.[41] The heads of the Neoplatonic Academy were Plutarch of Athens, Syrianus, Proclus, Marinus, Isidore, and finally Damascius. The Neoplatonic Academy reached its apex under Proclus (died 485). Severianus studied under him. The last "Greek" philosophers of the revived Neoplatonic Academy in the 6th century were drawn from various parts of the Hellenistic cultural world and suggest the broad syncretism of the common culture (see koine): Five of the seven Academy philosophers mentioned by Agathias were Syriac in their cultural origin: Hermias and Diogenes (both from Phoenicia), Isidorus of Gaza, Damascius of Syria, Iamblichus of Coele-Syria and perhaps even Simplicius of Cilicia.[40] In 529 the emperor Justinian ended the funding of the revived Neoplatonic Academy. However, other philosophical schools continued in Constantinople, Antioch, and Alexandria, which were the centres of Justinian's empire.[1] The last Scholarch of the Neoplatonic Academy was Damascius (d. 540). According to Agathias, its remaining members looked for protection under the rule of Sassanid king Khosrau I in his capital at Ctesiphon, carrying with them precious scrolls of literature and philosophy, and to a lesser degree of science. After a peace treaty between the Persian and the Byzantine empire in 532, their personal security (an early document in the history of freedom of religion) was guaranteed. It has been speculated that the Neoplatonic Academy did not altogether disappear.[40][42] After his exile, Simplicius (and perhaps some others) may have travelled to Harran, near Edessa. From there, the students of an Academy-in-exile could have survived into the 9th century, long enough to facilitate an Arabic revival of the Neoplatonist commentary tradition in Baghdad,[42] beginning with the foundation of the House of Wisdom in 832. One of the major centers of learning in the intervening period (6th to 8th centuries) was the Academy of Gundishapur in Sassanid Persia.[clarification needed] See also[edit] Academy of Athens (modern) Cyrenaics Agora Hellenistic philosophy Plato's Academy mosaic Platonic Academy (Florence) Platonism Peripatetic school Stoicism Epicureanism Notes[edit] ^ a b Lindberg, David C. (2007). The Beginnings of Western Science. University of Chicago Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780226482057. ^ Thucydides. ii:34. ^ Plutarch. Life of Cimon, xiii:7. ^ Plutarch. Life of Theseus, xxxii. ^ Pausanias. Description of Greece, i, 29.2, 30.2 ^ Plutarch. Life of Solon, i, 7. ^ Herbert Ernest Cushma. (1910). A Beginner's History of Philosophy, Volume 1, p. 219. Houghton Mifflin. ^ Ainian, A.M. & Alexandridou, A. (2007). "The 'sacred house' of the Academy Revisited". Acts of an International Symposium in Memory of William D. E. Coulson. Volos, Greece: University of Thessaly.] ^ greeceathensaegeaninfo.com Plato academy, at GreeceAthensAegeanInfo.com[unreliable source?] ^ Plutarch, Cimon 13 ^ Schmitz, Leonhard (1867), "Academus", in Smith, William (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1, Boston, p. 5 ^ pp. 5–6, D. Nails, "The Life of Plato of Athens", in H. Benson (ed.), A Companion to Plato, Blackwell Publishing 2006. ^ pp. 19–20, W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, vol. 4, Cambridge University Press 1975; p. 1, R. Dancy, "Academy", in D. Zeyl (ed.), Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy, Greenwood Press 1997. I. Mueller gives a much broader time frame – "...some time between the early 380s and the middle 360s..." – perhaps reflecting our real lack of evidence about the specific date (p. 170, "Mathematical Method & Philosophical Truth", in R. Kraut (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge University Press 1992). ^ D. Sedley, "Academy", in the Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed.; p. 4, J. Barnes, "Life and Work", in The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle, Cambridge University Press 1995; J. Barnes, "Academy", E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge 1998, accessed 13 Sept 2008, from http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/A001. ^ a b Plato's academy : its workings and its history. Kalligas, Paulos. Cambridge, United Kingdom. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-108-55466-4. OCLC 1120786946.CS1 maint: others (link) ^ p. 31, J. Barnes, Aristotle: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press 2000. ^ p. 170, Mueller, "Mathematical Method & Philosophical Truth"; p. 249, D. Nails, The People of Plato, Hackett 2002. ^ pp. 170–171, Mueller, "Mathematical Method & Philosophical Truth"; p. 248, Nails, The People of Plato. ^ Barnes, "Academy". ^ http://www.hackettpublishing.com/philosophy/women-in-the-academy ^ p. 2, Dancy, "Academy". ^ p. 2, Dancy, "Academy"; p. 21, Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, vol. 4; p. 34–36, Barnes, Aristotle: A Very Short Introduction. ^ p. 67, V. Katz, History of Mathematics ^ p. 22, Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, vol. 4. ^ pp. 170–71, Mueller, "Mathematical Method & Philosophical Truth". ^ M. Schofield, "Plato", in E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge 1998/2002, retrieved 13 Sept 2008, from http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/A088 ; p. 32, Barnes, Aristotle: A Very Short Introduction. ^ Simplicius, Commentary on Aristotle's "On the Heavens" 488.7–24, quoted on p. 174, Mueller, "Mathematical Method & Philosophical Truth". ^ p. 23, Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy, vol. 4; G. Field, "Academy", in the Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd ed. ^ p. 293, "Plato & Practical Politics", in Schofield & C. Rowe (eds.), Greek & Roman Political Thought, Cambridge University Press 2000. ^ Charles Anthon, (1855), A Classical Dictionary, page 6 ^ Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism, Book 1, Chapter 33, Section 232 ^ Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed. (1996), s.v. "Philon of Larissa." ^ See the table in The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy (Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 53–54. ^ "Academy", E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge 1998, accessed 14 Sept 2008, from http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/A001. ^ Giovanni Reale, John R. Catan, 1990, A History of Ancient Philosophy: The schools of the Imperial Age, page 207. SUNY Press ^ Plutarch, Sulla 12; cf. Appian, Roman History xii, 5.30 ^ Giovanni Reale, John R. Catan, 1990, A History of Ancient Philosophy: The schools of the Imperial Age, page 208. SUNY Press ^ Cicero, De Finibus, book 5 ^ Alan Cameron, "The last days of the Academy at Athens," in Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society vol 195 (n.s. 15), 1969, pp 7–29. ^ a b c Gerald Bechtle, Bryn Mawr Classical Review of Rainer Thiel, Simplikios und das Ende der neuplatonischen Schule in Athen. Stuttgart, 1999 (in English). ^ The Cambridge Ancient History, (1970), Volume XIV, page 837. Cambridge University Press. ^ a b Richard Sorabji, (2005), The Philosophy of the Commentators, 200–600 AD: Psychology (with Ethics and Religion), page 11. Cornell University Press References[edit] Baltes, M. 1993. "Plato's School, the Academy." Hermathena, (155): 5-26. Brunt, P. A. 1993. "Plato's Academy and Politics." In Studies in Greek History and Thought. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Chapter 10, 282-342. Cherniss, H. 1945. The Riddle of the Early Academy. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Dancy, R. M. 1991. Two Studies in the Early Academy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Dillon, J. M. 1979. "The Academy in the Middle Platonic Period." Dionysius, 3: 63-77. Dillon, J. 2003. The Heirs of Plato. A Study of the Old Academy, 347–274 BC. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Dorandi, T. 1999. "Chronology: The Academy." In The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Edited by Keimpe Algra, Jonathan Barnes, Jaap Mansfeld, and Malcolm Schofield, 31–35. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. Glucker, J. 1978. Antiochus and the Late Academy. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Lynch, J. P. 1972. Aristotle's School: A Study of a Greek Educational Institution. Berkeley: University of California Press. Murray, J. S. 2006. "Searching for Plato's Academy, 1929-1940." Mouseion: Journal of the Classical Association of Canada, 6 (2): 219-56 Russell, J. H. 2012. "When Philosophers Rule: The Platonic Academy and Statesmanship." History of Political Thought, 33 (2): 209-230. Wallach, J. R. 2002. "The Platonic Academy and Democracy." Polis (Exeter), 19 (1-2): 7-27 Watts, E. 2007. "Creating the Academy: Historical Discourse and the Shape of Community in the Old Academy". The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 127: 106–122. Wycherley, R. 1961. "Peripatos: The Athenian Philosophical Scene—I". Greece & Rome, 8(2), 152–163. Wycherley, R. 1962. Peripatos: The Athenian Philosophical Scene—II". Greece & Rome, 9(1), 2–21. Zhmud, Leonid. 2006. "Science in the Platonic Academy". In The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity. pp. 82–116. Berlin: De Gruyter. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Platonic Academy. Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Platonic Academy. Library resources about Platonic Academy Online books Resources in your library Resources in other libraries "Academy" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. The Academy, entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Directions to the archaeological site of Plato's Academy, other useful information, and some photos v t e School types By educational stage Early childhood Preschool Pre-kindergarten Kindergarten Primary Elementary school First school Infant school Junior school Primary school Secondary Adult high school Cadet college Collegiate institute Comprehensive high school Comprehensive school Continuation high school Grammar school Gymnasium High school Lyceum Secondary school Sixth form college Studio school University-preparatory school University technical college Upper school Tertiary Professional school Technical school Vocational school Higher Academy College Community college Graduate school Institute of technology Junior college Liberal arts college Research university Seminary University Upper division college Vocational university Combined All-through school K–12 school Middle school One-room schools Ranch school By funding / eligibility Academy (England) Charter school Community day school Comprehensive school (British) For-profit education Free education Free school (England) Independent school UK Independent school preparatory public Selective school Separate school Sink school State or public school State-integrated school (New Zealand) By style / method Alternative school Boarding school Catholic school Christian school Day school Democratic education Folk high school Free skool Homeschooling International school Madrasa Magnet school Music school Parochial school Progressive education Free school movement Laboratory school Montessori school Waldorf school Sudbury school Virtual school Vocal school Yeshiva By scope College preparatory Compensatory education Compulsory education Continuing education Further education Gifted education Remedial education Special education Historical Ancient higher-learning institutions Platonic Academy Lyceum Monastic schools Cathedral schools Medieval universities Schools imposed on indigenous peoples in Canada in New Zealand in the United States in South Africa Informal or illegal in Ireland in Greece in South Tyrol Related topics Educational institution  Schools portal Category Commons v t e Ancient Greek and Hellenistic mathematics (Euclidean geometry) Mathematicians (timeline) Anaxagoras Anthemius Archytas Aristaeus the Elder Aristarchus Apollonius Archimedes Autolycus Bion Bryson Callippus Carpus Chrysippus Cleomedes Conon Ctesibius Democritus Dicaearchus Diocles Diophantus Dinostratus Dionysodorus Domninus Eratosthenes Eudemus Euclid Eudoxus Eutocius Geminus Heron Hipparchus Hippasus Hippias Hippocrates Hypatia Hypsicles Isidore of Miletus Leon Marinus Menaechmus Menelaus Metrodorus Nicomachus Nicomedes Nicoteles Oenopides Pappus Perseus Philolaus Philon Philonides Porphyry Posidonius Proclus Ptolemy Pythagoras Serenus Simplicius Sosigenes Sporus Thales Theaetetus Theano Theodorus Theodosius Theon of Alexandria Theon of Smyrna Thymaridas Xenocrates Zeno of Elea Zeno of Sidon Zenodorus Treatises Almagest Archimedes Palimpsest Arithmetica Conics (Apollonius) Catoptrics Data (Euclid) Elements (Euclid) Measurement of a Circle On Conoids and Spheroids On the Sizes and Distances (Aristarchus) On Sizes and Distances (Hipparchus) On the Moving Sphere (Autolycus) Euclid's Optics On Spirals On the Sphere and Cylinder Ostomachion Planisphaerium Sphaerics The Quadrature of the Parabola The Sand Reckoner Problems Angle trisection Doubling the cube Squaring the circle Problem of Apollonius Concepts/definitions Circles of Apollonius Apollonian circles Apollonian gasket Circumscribed circle Commensurability Diophantine equation Doctrine of proportionality Golden ratio Greek numerals Incircle and excircles of a triangle Method of exhaustion Parallel postulate Platonic solid Lune of Hippocrates Quadratrix of Hippias Regular polygon Straightedge and compass construction Triangle center Results In Elements Angle bisector theorem Exterior angle theorem Euclidean algorithm Euclid's theorem Geometric mean theorem Greek geometric algebra Hinge theorem Inscribed angle theorem Intercept theorem Pons asinorum Pythagorean theorem Thales's theorem Theorem of the gnomon Apollonius Apollonius's theorem Other Aristarchus's inequality Crossbar theorem Heron's formula Irrational numbers Menelaus's theorem Pappus's area theorem Ptolemy's inequality Ptolemy's table of chords Ptolemy's theorem Spiral of Theodorus Centers Cyrene Library of Alexandria Platonic Academy Other Ancient Greek astronomy Greek numerals Latin translations of the 12th century Neusis construction v t e Plato General Early life Concepts Platonism Platonic epistemology Platonic idealism Platonic realism Innatism Platonic love Cardinal virtues Demiurge Theory of Forms Transcendentals Form of the Good Third man argument Euthyphro dilemma Five regimes Theory of soul Philosopher king Platonic solid True name Agathos kai sophos Khôra Metaxy Peritrope Philotimon Poiesis Psychagogy Sophrosyne Theia mania Topos hyperuranios Legacy Unwritten doctrines Cultural influence of Plato's Republic Neoplatonism and Gnosticism Platonism in the Renaissance Works Uncontested Apology Charmides Cratylus Critias Crito Euthydemus Euthyphro Gorgias Hippias Minor Ion Laches Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 228 Laws Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 23 Lysis Menexenus Meno Parmenides Phaedo Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 229 Phaedrus Philebus Protagoras Republic Sophist Statesman Symposium Theaetetus Timaeus Of doubtful authenticity Axiochus Clitophon Definitions Demodocus Epigrams Epinomis Epistles Letter I II IV V VI VII IX X XI XII Eryxias First Alcibiades Halcyon Hipparchus Hippias Major Minos On Justice On Virtue Rival Lovers Second Alcibiades Sisyphus Theages Allegories and metaphors Atlantis Ring of Gyges The Cave The Divided Line The Sun Ship of State Myth of Er The Chariot Allegorical interpretations of Plato Family Ariston of Athens (father) Pyrilampes (stepfather) Perictione (mother) Adeimantus of Collytus (brother) Glaucon (brother) Antiphon (brother) Potone (sister) Speusippus (nephew) Related Commentaries The Academy in Athens Socratic problem Middle Platonism Neoplatonism and Christianity Poitier Meets Plato List of speakers in Plato's dialogues "Plato's Dream" v t e Major landmarks of Athens Ancient Acropolis Ancient Agora Arch of Hadrian Areopagus Aristotle’s Lyceum Hadrian's Library Kerameikos Monument of Lysicrates Odeon of Herodes Atticus Panathenaic Stadium Philopappos Hill/Monument Platonic Academy Pnyx Remains of the Acharnian Road, Acharnian Gate and Cemetery Site Remains of the Long Walls Roman Agora Stoa of Attalos Temple of Hephaestus Temple of Olympian Zeus Theatre of Dionysus Tower of the Winds Byzantine Little Metropolis Daphni Monastery Holy Apostles Church Kapnikarea Church Pantanassa Church Holy Trinity Church Ottoman Fethiye Mosque House of Saint Philothei/Benizelos-Palaiologos mansion Tzistarakis Mosque Modern Hansen's "Trilogy" Academy Kapodistrian University of Athens National Library of Greece Museums Acropolis Museum Benaki Museum Byzantine and Christian Museum Museum of Cycladic Art Kerameikos Museum National Archaeological Museum National Gallery National Historical Museum Numismatic Museum Churches Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite Gardens/Parks Lycabettus Hill National Gardens Pedion tou Areos Squares and Neighbourhoods Anafiotika Kolonaki Square Kotzia Square Monastiraki Omonoia Square Plaka Syntagma Thiseio Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Athens Concert Hall Athens Towers Gennadius Library National Observatory of Athens National Theatre Old Parliament House Old Royal Palace Olympic Sports Complex Presidential Mansion Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center Zappeion Marinas Agios Kosmas Marina Alimos Marina Athens Marina (formerly Faliro Marina) Glyfada Marina Olympic Marine Marina of Vouliagmeni Marina of Zea Others Dionysiou Areopagitou Street Ermou Street First Cemetery of Athens Authority control GND: 1035537052 NLG: 104972 VIAF: 301913189 WorldCat Identities: viaf-301913189 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Platonic_Academy&oldid=996123483" Categories: 380s BC establishments Ancient Athens Archaeological sites in Attica Educational institutions established in the 4th century BC Education in classical antiquity Hellenistic civilization Landmarks in Athens Neoplatonism Plato Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Greece Gymnasiums (ancient Greece) Academic skepticism Hidden categories: All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from November 2007 CS1 maint: others Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2014 Commons category link is on Wikidata Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLG identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages አማርኛ العربية Azərbaycanca বাংলা Български Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Lingua Franca Nova Magyar മലയാളം Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål پنجابی Papiamentu Polski Português Română Русский Shqip سنڌي Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 吴语 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 December 2020, at 17:39 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement