id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 1 Historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 4 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 7 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 11 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 12 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 15 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 18 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 20 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 21 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 22 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 25 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 26 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 27 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 29 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 30 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 32 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 33 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 34 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 36 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 38 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 41 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 44 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 45 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 1 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 3 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 5 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 7 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 8 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 11 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 2 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 3 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 4 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 6 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 9 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 10 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 3 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 3 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 5 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 6 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 13 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 15 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 4 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 2 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 4 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 6 Empires empire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 8 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 9 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 11 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 13 mechanisms mechanism NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 16 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 19 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 20 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 24 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 25 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 28 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 30 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 31 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 32 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 34 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 35 1776 1776 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 36 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 37 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 38 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 41 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 43 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 46 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 47 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 5 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 2 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 4 ongoing ongoing JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 5 historiographical historiographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 6 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 7 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 8 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 9 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 11 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 14 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 20 reduced reduced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 21 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 24 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 25 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 26 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 30 4th–5th 4th–5th CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 31 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 6 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 1 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 7 speculate speculate VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 9 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 11 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 12 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 18 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 20 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 24 researched research VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 28 referenced referenced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 29 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 7 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 8 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 8 2 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 8 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 8 4 causality causality NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 8 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 8 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 8 7 explored explore VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 8 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 2 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 5 Demandt Demandt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 6 enumerated enumerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 7 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 8 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 9 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 11 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 13 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 16 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 17 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 18 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 19 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 9 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 2 1][2 1][2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 4 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 5 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 6 explored explore VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 7 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 9 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 10 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 13 disintegration disintegration NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 15 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 19 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 23 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 24 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 26 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 27 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 31 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 33 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 35 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 10 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 2 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 4 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 6 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 9 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 10 Glen Glen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 11 Bowersock Bowersock NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 12 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 15 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 18 obsessed obsess VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 21 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 26 valued value VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 29 archetype archetype NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 31 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 32 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 33 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 37 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 41 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 43 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 44 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 45 fears fear NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 11 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 5 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 7 Overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 9 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 10 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 11 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 13 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 14 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 15 Highlights highlight NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 16 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 17 Theories Theories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 19 explanations explanation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 22 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 23 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 24 Decay Decay NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 25 owing owing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 27 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 28 malaise malaise NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 29 3.1.1 3.1.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 30 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 31 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 32 3.1.2 3.1.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 33 Vegetius Vegetius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 35 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 36 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 37 3.1.3 3.1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 38 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 39 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 40 Toynbee Toynbee NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 42 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 43 Burke Burke NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 44 3.1.4 3.1.4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 45 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 46 Rostovtzeff Rostovtzeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 48 Ludwig Ludwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 49 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 50 Mises Mises NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 53 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 54 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 55 3.1.5 3.1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 56 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 57 Tainter Tainter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 58 3.1.6 3.1.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 59 Adrian adrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 60 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 61 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 62 Monocausal Monocausal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 63 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 64 3.2.1 3.2.1 NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 65 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 66 3.2.2 3.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 67 Environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 68 degradation degradation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 69 3.2.3 3.2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 70 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 71 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 72 3.2.3.1 3.2.3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 73 Criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 75 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 76 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 77 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 78 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 79 Catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 80 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 81 3.3.1 3.3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 12 82 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 13 1 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 1 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 2 3.3.2 3.3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 4 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 5 3.3.3 3.3.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 6 Bryan Bryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 7 Ward Ward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 9 Perkins Perkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 10 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 11 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 12 3.4.1 3.4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 13 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 14 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 15 3.4.2 3.4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 16 Lucien Lucien NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 17 Musset Musset NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 20 clash clash NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 22 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 23 3.4.3 3.4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 24 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 25 Antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 26 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 27 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 28 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 29 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 30 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 31 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 32 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 33 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 34 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 35 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 36 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 37 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 38 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 39 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 40 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 41 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 42 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 44 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 45 Historiographically Historiographically NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 48 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 49 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 50 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 51 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 52 looked look VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 53 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 54 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 55 analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 56 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 57 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 58 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 60 continued continue VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 61 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 64 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 65 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 66 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 67 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 68 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 70 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 71 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 72 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 73 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 74 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 75 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 76 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 78 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 81 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 14 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 4 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 5 implicates implicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 6 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 9 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 12 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 15 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 17 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 18 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 25 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 26 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 27 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 28 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 30 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 32 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 33 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 35 fervor fervor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 37 penetration penetration NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 39 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 40 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 41 continued continue VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 42 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 43 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 45 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 46 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 47 afterwards afterwards RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 49 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 50 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 51 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 52 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 53 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 55 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 56 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 57 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 58 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 59 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 61 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 62 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 15 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 2 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 3 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 5 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 7 weather weather NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 8 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 9 affected affect VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 11 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 12 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 13 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 16 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 18 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 20 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 21 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 24 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 16 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 1 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 2 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 3 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 4 reflect reflect VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 6 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 7 concerns concern NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 9 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 10 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 13 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 15 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 18 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 19 trends trend NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 22 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 23 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 17 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 1 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 3 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 5 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 6 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 8 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 11 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 14 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 17 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 19 martial martial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 20 vigor vigor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 21 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 22 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 23 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 24 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 29 warning warning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 32 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 33 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 34 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 18 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 3 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 5 socialist socialist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 7 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 9 socialist socialist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 10 theorists theorist NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 11 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 13 blame blame VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 14 decadence decadence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 17 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 18 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 19 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 1 More more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 2 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 4 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 5 concerns concern NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 7 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 8 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 11 deforestation deforestation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 13 soil soil NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 14 erosion erosion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 15 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 17 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 18 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 21 destabilizing destabilizing JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 23 decreases decrease VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 24 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 26 epidemics epidemic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 29 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 30 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 32 bubonic bubonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 33 plague plague NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 35 malaria malaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 36 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 37 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 20 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 1 Global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 2 climate climate NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 3 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 5 535–536 535–536 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 7 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 8 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 11 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 12 eruption eruption NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 14 Krakatoa Krakatoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 16 535 535 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 19 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 21 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 22 Keys Keys NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 24 others,[4 others,[4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 27 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 28 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 21 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 1 Ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 2 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 3 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 6 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 7 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 8 mirror mirror VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 10 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 13 postmodern postmodern NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 14 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 17 rejects reject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 18 periodization periodization NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 19 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 21 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 22 metanarrative metanarrative NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 22 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 4 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 6 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 8 diagnose diagnose VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 11 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 12 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 15 Satire Satire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 16 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 18 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 20 Juvenal Juvenal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 23 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 24 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 28 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 30 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 31 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 33 criticizing criticize VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 35 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 36 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 37 obsession obsession NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 40 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 42 circuses circus NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 45 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 46 seeking seek VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 47 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 49 gratify gratify VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 50 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 51 obsessions obsession NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 23 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 4 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 5 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 8 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 11 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 14 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 15 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 17 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 18 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 21 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 23 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 24 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 24 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 6 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 7 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 8 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 11 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 12 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 15 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 17 arrive arrive VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 19 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 21 generalization generalization NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 24 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 25 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 25 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 3 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 4 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 5 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 6 depart depart VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 8 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 9 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 11 comment comment NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 12 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 14 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 15 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 16 ought ought MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 18 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 19 worked work VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 22 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 24 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 26 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 28 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 29 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 32 inductive inductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 33 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 26 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 3 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 4 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 5 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 6 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 7 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 9 sparse sparse JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 12 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 14 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 16 imagine imagine VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 18 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 20 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 21 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 22 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 23 play play VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 25 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 27 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 29 shaping shape VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 30 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 31 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 34 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 35 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 38 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 39 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 40 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 42 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 43 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 27 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 2 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 5 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 8 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 11 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 13 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 15 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 17 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 20 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 21 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 23 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 26 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 27 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 28 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 1 More more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 2 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 3 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 5 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 9 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 10 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 12 offer offer VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 15 nuanced nuanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 16 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 19 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 20 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 21 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 29 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 4 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 7 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 10 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 13 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 30 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 31 1 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 31 2 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 31 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 31 4 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 31 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 31 6 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 31 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 6 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 7 376 376 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 9 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 11 pivotal pivotal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 14 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 15 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 32 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 6 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 7 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 11 unmanageable unmanageable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 12 influx influx NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 14 Goths Goths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 17 Barbarians Barbarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 20 Balkan balkan JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 21 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 25 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 28 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 30 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 31 worsened worsen VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 32 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 35 recoveries recovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 36 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 37 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 39 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 33 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 1 Significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 2 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 3 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 5 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 7 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 9 378 378 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 12 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 14 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 15 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 17 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 20 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 21 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 23 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 26 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 27 unified unify VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 31 crossing crossing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 34 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 36 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 38 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 39 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 42 execution execution NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 44 Stilicho Stilicho NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 46 408 408 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 49 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 51 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 53 410 410 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 56 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 58 Constantius Constantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 59 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 61 421 421 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 64 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 66 Aetius Aetius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 67 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 68 454 454 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 72 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 73 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 75 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 76 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 77 455 455 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 79 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 81 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 82 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 83 Majorian Majorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 84 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 85 461 461 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 86 marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 88 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 89 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 91 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 92 opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 93 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 94 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 34 95 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 1 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 2 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 4 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 6 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 9 convenient convenient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 10 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 13 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 14 dissolution dissolution NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 17 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 22 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 23 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 26 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 27 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 30 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 31 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 35 deposed depose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 37 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 40 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 41 chieftain chieftain NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 35 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 3 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 4 question question VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 6 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 9 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 10 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 13 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 36 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 4 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 5 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 8 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 9 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 10 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 13 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 17 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 19 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 21 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 23 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 24 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 26 assassinated assassinate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 28 480 480 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 37 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 2 Ostrogothic ostrogothic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 3 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 5 Italia Italia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 6 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 7 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 8 upholders upholder NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 11 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 12 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 15 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 19 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 20 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 21 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 22 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 24 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 25 rightful rightful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 26 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 27 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 30 united united NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 31 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 38 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 6 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 7 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 8 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 9 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 11 territory territory NN 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en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 36 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 37 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 38 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 40 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 41 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 43 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 39 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 4 Overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 6 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 7 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 10 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 11 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 13 Migration Migration NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 14 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 17 Fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 20 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 23 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 24 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 26 deposed depose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 28 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 29 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 30 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 32 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 33 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 34 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 35 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 40 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 3 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 4 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 5 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 7 claim claim VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 9 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 12 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 15 deposition deposition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 41 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 2 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 11 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 12 markers marker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 15 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 17 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 18 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 21 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 24 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 25 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 26 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 42 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 1 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 3 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 9 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 11 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 12 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 14 northwestern northwestern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 15 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 17 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 18 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 20 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 22 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 23 invading invading NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 25 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 26 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 28 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 43 29 is be VBZ 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Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 18 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 22 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 25 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 27 initiated initiate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 28 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 29 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 31 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 32 transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 33 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 35 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 38 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 39 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 41 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 43 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 44 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 46 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 47 openly openly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 48 autocratic autocratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 50 ritualized ritualized JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 51 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 53 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 56 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 58 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 59 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 61 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 62 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 44 63 , , , 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45 10 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 12 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 14 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 17 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 19 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 22 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 23 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 25 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 26 offer offer VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 28 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 29 nuanced nuanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 30 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 32 seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 33 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 34 continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 35 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 36 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 38 sharp sharp JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 39 break break NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 45 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 4 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 5 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 6 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 7 looked look VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 8 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 9 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 11 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 46 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 4 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 8 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 10 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 11 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 13 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 14 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 15 transformed transform VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 19 republic republic NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 22 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 47 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 1 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 2 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 3 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 4 zenith zenith NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 7 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 10 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 11 fortunes fortune NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 12 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 13 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 17 revivals revival NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 19 restorations restoration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 20 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 22 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 48 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 49 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 49 2 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 49 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 49 4 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en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 12 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 13 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 14 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 15 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 17 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 20 diminishing diminish VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 21 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 23 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 24 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 26 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 28 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 30 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 31 incursions incursion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 34 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 35 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 50 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 2 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 3 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 5 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 7 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 10 periphery periphery NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 12 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 13 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 14 inhabited inhabit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 15 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 16 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 17 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 19 restricted restrict VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 22 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 25 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 26 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 51 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 1 Tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 2 rings ring NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 3 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 5 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 6 drying drying NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 8 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 10 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 52 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 7 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 11 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 14 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 15 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 16 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 19 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 20 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 23 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 25 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 26 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 28 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 30 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 31 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 32 capitals capital NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 53 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 1 Successive successive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 4 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 6 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 8 privileged privilege VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 10 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 11 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 13 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 16 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 18 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 19 rebuilt rebuild VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 20 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 22 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 54 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 1 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 2 renamed rename VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 3 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 6 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 8 formidable formidable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 9 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 12 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 13 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 16 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 17 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 22 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 24 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 26 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 27 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 28 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 30 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 31 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 34 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 35 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 36 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 55 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 3 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 6 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 7 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 10 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 12 intermittently intermittently RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 13 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 15 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 18 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 20 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 22 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 23 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 26 presiding preside VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 27 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 28 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 29 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 56 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 2 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 4 haphazard haphazard NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 5 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 7 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 8 sharing sharing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 11 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 12 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 15 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 16 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 17 west west NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 18 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 19 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 20 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 22 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 23 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 26 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 28 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 31 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 32 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 33 presided preside VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 35 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 36 seats seat NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 38 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 39 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 41 Trier Trier NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 43 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 46 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 47 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 52 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 53 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 54 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 56 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 57 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 58 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 59 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 61 Nicomedia Nicomedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 64 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 65 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 57 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 2 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 4 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 5 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 8 dreadful dreadful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 9 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 10 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 14 wealthier[citation wealthier[citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 15 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 17 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 19 speaking speaking NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 20 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 23 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 25 diverge diverge VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 26 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 28 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 58 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 5 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 6 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 8 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 9 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 11 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 12 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 13 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 15 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 17 barbarian barbarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 18 chieftains chieftain NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 21 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 22 quarter quarter NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 25 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 29 deepened deepen VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 30 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 31 afterward afterward RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 34 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 35 lasting last VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 36 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 39 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 40 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 42 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 59 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 1 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 3 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 6 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 7 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 9 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 10 figureheads figurehead NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 12 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 14 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 15 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 16 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 17 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 18 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 60 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 6 , , , 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en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 31 Stilicho Stilicho NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 33 Aetius Aetius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 36 Ricimer Ricimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 61 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 2 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 4 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 5 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 10 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 13 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 17 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 18 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 21 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 22 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 62 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 3 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 5 sacked sack VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 7 rebellious rebellious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 8 Visigoths visigoth NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 10 410 410 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 14 Vandals vandal NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 16 455 455 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 63 18 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 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Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 7 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 8 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 9 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 13 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 14 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 16 magister magister NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 17 militum militum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 18 Orestes Orestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 19 revolted revolt VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 21 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 23 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 24 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 25 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 26 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 65 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 1 Romulus romulus NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 3 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 7 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 10 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 11 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 12 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 14 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 16 technically technically RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 18 usurper usurper NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 20 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 21 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 22 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 24 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 25 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 26 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 66 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 3 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 4 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 6 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 10 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 11 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 13 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 67 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 2 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 4 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 5 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 6 refused refuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 7 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 9 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 11 Orestes Orestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 12 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 13 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 14 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 15 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 17 leadership leadership NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 20 chieftain chieftain NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 21 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 22 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 24 executed execute VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 25 Orestes Orestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 27 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 28 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 31 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 32 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 33 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 36 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 38 deposing depose VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 39 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 40 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 68 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 2 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 4 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 6 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 7 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 10 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 12 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 14 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 16 patrician patrician NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 18 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 20 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 21 recognizing recognize VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 23 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 26 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 29 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 30 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 69 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 1 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 2 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 4 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 5 insignia insignia NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 9 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 11 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 13 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 70 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 2 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 3 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 4 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 5 Theodoric theodoric NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 7 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 9 King king NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 12 Ostrogoths Ostrogoths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 14 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 15 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 17 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 19 approval approval NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 71 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 3 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 6 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 9 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 10 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 12 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 14 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 16 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 17 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 22 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 23 disconnected disconnect VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 24 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 27 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 28 altogether altogether RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 30 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 32 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 33 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 72 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 3 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 4 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 7 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 9 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 12 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 14 last last VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 16 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 17 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 20 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 21 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 22 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 25 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 28 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 73 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 3 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 4 disrupted disrupt VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 6 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 9 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 15 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 16 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 17 launched launch VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 20 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 21 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 22 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 25 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 29 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 31 reunite reunite VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 33 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 35 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 36 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 37 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 39 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 40 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 42 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 44 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 45 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 47 straining strain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 49 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 50 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 51 militarily militarily RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 74 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 3 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 8 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 9 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 11 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 13 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 14 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 16 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 17 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 19 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 20 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 21 abandoned abandon VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 75 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 2 blow blow NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 3 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 6 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 7 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 10 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 13 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 16 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 17 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 20 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 21 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 23 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 25 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 28 curtailed curtail VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 29 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 32 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 33 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 36 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 37 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 39 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 40 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 76 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 5 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 9 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 12 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 15 enjoy enjoy VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 16 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 18 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 20 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 21 brilliance brilliance NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 25 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 26 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 27 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 29 fraction fraction NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 31 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 34 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 36 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 37 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 77 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 4 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 5 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 6 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 8 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 10 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 12 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 78 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 2 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 3 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 5 prefer prefer VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 7 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 8 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 12 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 14 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 15 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 79 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 1 Highlights highlight NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 2 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 5 Fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 8 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 12 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 15 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 20 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 21 spanning span VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 22 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 23 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 25 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 27 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 28 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 29 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 31 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 32 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 33 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 34 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 35 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 36 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 38 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 39 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 40 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 41 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 42 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 44 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 80 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 1 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 2 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 4 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 7 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 8 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 10 234–284 234–284 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 16 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 17 instability instability NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 81 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 2 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 4 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 5 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 7 284–305 284–305 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 11 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 12 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 13 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 15 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 16 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 18 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 21 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 22 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 24 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 27 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 28 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 82 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 1 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 2 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 4 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 6 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 7 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 9 306–337 306–337 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 13 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 15 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 16 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 17 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 19 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 21 converted convert VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 23 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 25 legalizing legalizing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 27 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 28 favoring favor VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 30 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 31 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 32 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 33 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 83 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 3 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 4 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 5 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 7 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 9 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 11 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 13 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 84 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 3 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 6 Visigoths Visigoths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 8 376–382 376–382 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 11 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 14 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 16 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 18 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 19 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 21 378 378 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 27 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 28 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 29 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 31 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 34 Visigoths Visigoths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 37 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 38 Valens Valens NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 39 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 40 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 85 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 2 Visigoths Visigoths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 4 fleeing flee VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 6 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 9 Huns Huns NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 13 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 15 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 16 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 18 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 23 Valens Valens NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 27 mistreated mistreat VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 30 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 31 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 32 administrators administrator NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 35 rebelled rebel VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 86 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 2 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 4 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 5 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 7 379–395 379–395 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 10 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 11 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 13 reunite reunite VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 14 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 16 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 18 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 20 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 21 halves half NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 87 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 1 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 2 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 4 intensified intensify VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 6 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 7 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 8 paganism paganism NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 11 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 13 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 14 outlawing outlaw VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 18 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 19 Nicaean Nicaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 20 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 22 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 23 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 88 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 1 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 2 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 4 Crossing Crossing NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 7 Rhine rhine NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 10 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 11 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 13 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 16 405 405 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 18 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 21 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 25 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 26 band band NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 28 Vandals Vandals NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 30 Suebi Suebi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 32 Alans Alans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 33 crossed cross VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 35 frozen frozen JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 36 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 37 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 38 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 39 Moguntiacum Moguntiacum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 41 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 42 Mainz Mainz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 46 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 48 ravage ravage VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 49 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 89 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 2 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 3 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 6 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 8 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 10 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 90 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 3 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 4 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 5 regain regain VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 6 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 8 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 11 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 91 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 3 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 6 Visigoths Visigoths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 8 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 10 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 11 Alaric Alaric NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 16 raided raid VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 17 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 20 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 21 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 22 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 24 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 27 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 29 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 31 410 410 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 92 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 2 Visigoths visigoth NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 3 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 4 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 5 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 7 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 9 Visigothic Visigothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 10 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 12 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 13 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 15 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 93 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 2 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 5 Hunnic Hunnic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 8 Attila Attila NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 10 Bleda Bleda NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 12 434–453 434–453 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 16 raided raid VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 18 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 20 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 23 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 25 threatening threaten VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 26 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 27 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 29 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 94 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 3 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 11 Vandals vandal NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 13 455 455 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 95 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 1 Failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 2 counterstrikes counterstrike NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 3 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 5 Vandals vandal NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 7 461–468 461–468 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 96 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 2 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 3 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 4 Majorian Majorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 5 planned plan VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 7 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 8 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 9 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 11 Vandals Vandals NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 13 reconquer reconquer VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 14 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 15 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 17 461 461 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 20 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 23 preparations preparation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 24 got get VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 25 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 28 Vandals vandal NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 31 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 33 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 34 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 36 surprise surprise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 38 destroyed destroy VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 97 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 3 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 4 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 5 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 7 Vandals vandal NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 9 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 11 Emperors Emperors NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 12 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 13 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 15 Anthemius Anthemius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 18 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 20 Cape Cape NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 21 Bon Bon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 23 468 468 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 98 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 1 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 3 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 6 Muir Muir NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 8 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 9 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 11 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 13 Deposition Deposition NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 16 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 17 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 18 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 20 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 21 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 23 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 24 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 26 475–480 475–480 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 99 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 1 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 2 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 7 nominated nominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 10 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 11 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 12 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 15 deposed depose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 18 rebelled rebel VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 19 magister magister NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 20 militum militum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 21 Orestes Orestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 24 installed instal VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 26 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 27 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 28 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 31 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 32 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 100 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 2 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 5 rival rival JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 6 Basiliscus Basiliscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 10 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 12 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 14 regard regard VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 15 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 16 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 19 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 21 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 25 legitimate legitimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 26 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 27 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 30 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 33 usurper usurper NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 101 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 1 Shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 2 after after RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 4 Odoacer odoacer NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 6 magister magister NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 7 militum militum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 8 appointed appoint VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 10 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 12 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 13 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 15 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 16 Orestes Orestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 19 deposed depose VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 20 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 21 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 23 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 24 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 26 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 102 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 1 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 2 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 3 proclaimed proclaim VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 4 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 5 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 7 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 9 asked ask VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 11 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 12 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 13 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 15 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 16 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 17 Emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 19 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 20 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 24 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 25 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 26 legalize legalize VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 27 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 29 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 30 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 32 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 33 viceroy viceroy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 35 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 103 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 1 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 2 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 3 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 5 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 6 aside aside RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 8 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 10 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 14 murdered murder VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 17 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 18 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 20 480 480 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 104 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 1 Foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 4 Ostrogothic Ostrogothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 5 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 7 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 9 493 493 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 105 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 1 Concerned concerned JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 4 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 6 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 8 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 10 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 11 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 13 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 14 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 15 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 18 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 20 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 22 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 24 inciting incite VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 26 Ostrogoths ostrogoth NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 28 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 29 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 30 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 32 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 106 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 2 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 3 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 4 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 7 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 8 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 10 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 11 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 14 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 18 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 20 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 21 Theodoric Theodoric NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 107 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 1 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 4 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 5 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 7 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 10 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 108 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 1 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 3 explanations explanation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 6 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 8 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 9 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 11 explanations explanation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 14 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 21 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 22 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 24 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 25 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 26 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 28 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 29 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 31 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 33 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 35 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 38 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 39 overlap overlap NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 41 Decay decay VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 42 owing owing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 44 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 45 malaise malaise NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 46 Monocausal Monocausal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 47 decay decay NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 48 Catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 49 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 50 Transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 51 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 52 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 53 positing posit VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 54 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 55 malaise malaise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 56 goes go VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 57 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 58 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 59 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 60 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 61 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 62 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 63 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 65 edifice edifice NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 68 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 69 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 70 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 71 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 72 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 73 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 74 unsound unsound JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 75 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 76 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 77 begin begin VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 78 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 109 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 3 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 6 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 8 - - : en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 11 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 12 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 14 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 110 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 4 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 6 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 8 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 10 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 11 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 14 responsibility responsibility NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 17 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 20 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 22 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 26 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 28 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 29 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 30 unjustly unjustly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 32 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 35 founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 36 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 39 school school NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 41 monocausal monocausal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 42 explanation explanation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 111 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 4 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 7 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 9 catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 10 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 11 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 14 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 22 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 23 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 24 determined determined JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 25 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 27 need nee MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 30 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 32 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 112 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 1 Rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 5 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 8 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 9 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 12 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 14 adverse adverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 15 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 19 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 20 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 22 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 25 Migration Migration NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 28 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 30 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 31 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 32 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 33 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 34 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 35 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 38 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 40 basically basically RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 41 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 42 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 113 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 1 Finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 4 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 5 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 6 challenges challenge VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 8 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 9 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 12 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 13 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 14 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 19 asking ask VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 21 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 24 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 26 disuse disuse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 29 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 30 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 31 dispensation dispensation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 33 anyway anyway UH en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 34 unworkable unworkable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 35 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 36 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 37 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 41 fate fate NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 44 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 45 civilisation civilisation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 46 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 47 under under RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 49 girded gird VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 51 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 114 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 4 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 6 drawing draw VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 8 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 9 premise premise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 12 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 13 thesis thesis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 16 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 17 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 18 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 20 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 22 though though RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 23 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 24 violent violent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 26 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 28 transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 30 morphing morph VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 33 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 34 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 115 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 2 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 3 belonging belong VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 6 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 8 prefer prefer VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 10 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 12 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 13 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 14 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 17 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 20 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 116 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 1 Decay decay VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 2 owing owing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 4 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 5 malaise malaise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 6 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 7 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 8 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 13 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 15 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 21 1776–88 1776–88 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 24 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 25 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 26 famously famously RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 27 placed place VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 29 blame blame NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 32 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 34 civic civic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 35 virtue virtue NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 36 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 38 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 39 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 117 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 2 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 3 entrusted entrust VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 5 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 7 defending defend VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 11 barbarian barbarian VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 12 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 14 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 15 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 17 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 118 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 1 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 2 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 4 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 5 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 8 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 10 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 12 populace populace NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 13 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 14 interested interested JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 17 worldly worldly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 18 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 19 - - : en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 22 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 23 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 26 willing willing JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 28 wait wait VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 31 rewards reward NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 33 heaven heaven NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 119 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 2 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 7 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 9 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 10 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 12 immoderate immoderate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 13 greatness greatness NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 120 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 1 Prosperity Prosperity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 2 ripened ripen VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 4 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 6 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 9 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 11 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 12 multiplied multiply VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 15 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 17 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 18 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 21 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 23 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 25 accident accident NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 27 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 29 artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 30 supports support NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 33 stupendous stupendous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 34 fabric fabric NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 35 yielded yield VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 38 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 40 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 41 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 42 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 121 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 2 discussing discuss VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 3 Barbarism Barbarism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 5 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 8 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 10 discussing discuss VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 12 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 14 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 122 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 1 Vegetius Vegetius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 3 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 4 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 5 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 8 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 13 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 14 Vegetius Vegetius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 15 pleaded plead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 17 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 20 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 21 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 22 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 24 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 25 weakened weaken VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 26 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 123 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 2 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 3 Arther Arther NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 4 Ferrill Ferrill NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 6 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 12 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 14 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 16 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 17 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 20 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 23 influx influx NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 25 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 26 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 29 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 32 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 124 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 3 Germanization Germanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 7 resultant resultant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 8 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 9 dilution dilution NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 12 barbarization barbarization NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 14 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 19 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 22 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 24 drill drill NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 26 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 27 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 28 preparedness preparedness NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 29 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 34 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 37 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 39 loyalty loyalty NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 42 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 43 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 45 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 47 loyalty loyalty NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 49 commanders commander NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 125 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 1 Ferrill Ferrill NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 2 agrees agree VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 6 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 126 9 A.H.M. A.H.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 3 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 5 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 7 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 9 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 13 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 15 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 16 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 17 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 127 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 4 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 6 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 8 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 10 withdrawn withdraw VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 12 cultivation cultivation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 16 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 19 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 20 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 21 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 23 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 26 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 27 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 29 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 30 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 128 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 4 chief chief JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 5 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 8 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 9 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 11 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 12 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 15 marginal marginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 18 driving drive VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 20 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 22 cultivation cultivation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 129 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 3 surely surely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 4 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 6 saying say VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 8 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 10 spurred spur VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 13 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 14 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 15 budget budget NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 18 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 19 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 20 indirectly indirectly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 21 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 23 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 26 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 27 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 130 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 4 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 6 Toynbee Toynbee NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 8 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 9 Burke Burke NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 10 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 11 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 14 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 15 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 16 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 18 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 21 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 22 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 23 Toynbee Toynbee NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 25 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 26 Burke Burke NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 27 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 30 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 32 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 35 rotten rotten JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 36 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 38 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 39 inception inception NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 44 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 45 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 46 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 47 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 48 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 50 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 51 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 53 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 54 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 56 Republican Republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 57 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 131 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 2 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 3 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 6 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 7 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 8 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 10 lasted last VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 11 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 14 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 15 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 16 radical radical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 17 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 19 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 20 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 21 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 22 implement implement VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 132 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 2 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 5 budgetary budgetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 6 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 8 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 9 wasted waste VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 10 whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 11 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 14 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 133 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 2 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 5 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 8 Raubwirtschaft raubwirtschaft NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 10 plunder plunder VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 11 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 12 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 14 looting loot VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 15 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 16 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 17 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 19 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 20 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 21 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 134 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 3 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 5 riches rich NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 7 conquered conquered JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 8 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 11 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 13 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 14 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 17 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 21 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 23 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 24 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 25 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 30 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 32 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 33 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 35 drove drive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 36 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 38 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 39 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 40 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 41 destitution destitution NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 44 onto onto IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 46 dole dole NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 47 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 48 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 49 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 50 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 51 exactions exaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 52 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 53 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 54 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 55 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 56 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 57 escape escape VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 58 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 61 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 62 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 63 dependency dependency NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 64 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 65 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 66 landed land VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 67 élite élite NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 68 exempt exempt JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 69 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 70 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 135 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 3 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 5 tribute tribute NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 7 conquered conquered JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 8 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 11 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 12 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 15 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 16 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 20 borne bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 23 citizenry citizenry NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 136 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 2 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 3 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 4 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 5 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 6 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 7 precluded preclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 9 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 10 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 12 buying buying NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 13 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 137 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 138 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 138 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 138 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 138 4 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 138 5 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 138 6 exportable exportable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 138 7 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 138 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 1 Material material NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 2 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 4 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 5 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 6 entrepreneurialism entrepreneurialism NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 8 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 9 advancement advancement NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 13 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 14 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 17 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 18 dissolution dissolution NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 139 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 4 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 6 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 7 defense defense NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 10 pomp pomp NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 12 Emperors Emperors NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 13 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 140 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 1 Financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 2 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 3 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 5 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 9 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 11 meeting meet VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 12 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 13 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 14 eroded erode VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 141 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 5 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 8 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 10 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 12 armor armor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 14 weaponry weaponry NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 16 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 17 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 18 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 19 obsolete obsolete JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 22 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 27 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 28 armor armor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 30 weapons weapon NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 31 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 32 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 34 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 35 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 142 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 2 decrepit decrepit JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 3 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 4 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 5 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 6 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 7 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 10 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 13 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 15 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 16 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 18 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 20 onerous onerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 21 obligations obligation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 24 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 25 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 143 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 3 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 4 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 7 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 8 conqueror conqueror NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 9 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 11 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 15 formality formality NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 19 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 20 deposing depose VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 21 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 22 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 24 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 25 neither neither CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 27 assume assume VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 29 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 31 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 32 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 33 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 35 select select VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 37 puppet puppet NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 39 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 40 legally legally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 41 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 42 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 44 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 47 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 50 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 51 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 53 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 55 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 56 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 57 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 58 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 60 consulship consulship NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 144 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 2 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 10 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 12 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 13 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 14 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 15 corresponds correspond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 18 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 25 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 26 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 27 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 28 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 30 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 145 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 1 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 2 Rostovtzeff Rostovtzeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 4 Ludwig Ludwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 5 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 6 Mises Mises NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 9 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 10 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 11 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 12 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 13 Rostovtzeff Rostovtzeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 15 economist economist NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 16 Ludwig Ludwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 17 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 18 Mises Mises NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 19 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 20 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 22 unsound unsound JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 23 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 24 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 25 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 27 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 28 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 31 impoverishment impoverishment JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 33 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 36 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 146 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 7 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 9 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 15 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 17 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 18 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 19 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 22 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 24 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 25 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 147 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 1 Tariffs tariff NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 3 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 5 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 6 controlling control VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 8 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 10 foodstuffs foodstuff NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 13 commodities commodity NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 15 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 16 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 17 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 19 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 21 fix fix VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 23 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 24 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 25 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 27 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 28 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 148 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 3 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 6 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 8 debasement debasement NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 11 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 13 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 16 minting minting NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 18 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 20 diminishing diminish VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 21 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 23 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 25 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 28 bronze bronze NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 30 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 32 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 149 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 2 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 3 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 4 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 6 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 8 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 11 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 12 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 14 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 16 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 18 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 150 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 2 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 4 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 7 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 9 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 10 initiated initiate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 12 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 13 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 16 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 19 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 20 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 22 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 23 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 26 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 30 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 31 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 33 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 34 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 35 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 36 everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 37 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 38 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 39 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 41 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 42 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 43 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 44 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 46 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 47 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 48 - - : en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 49 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 50 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 51 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 53 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 54 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 151 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 3 Rostovtzeff Rostovtzeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 5 Mises Mises NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 7 artificially artificially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 8 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 9 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 10 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 13 scarcity scarcity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 15 foodstuffs foodstuff NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 17 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 19 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 21 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 22 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 23 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 25 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 27 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 28 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 152 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 2 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 3 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 5 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 6 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 9 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 12 countryside countryside NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 14 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 15 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 16 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 17 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 18 depopulated depopulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 21 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 22 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 23 abandoned abandon VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 25 specialized specialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 26 trades trade NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 28 practice practice VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 29 subsistence subsistence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 30 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 153 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 3 coupled couple VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 5 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 6 oppressive oppressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 8 arbitrary arbitrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 9 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 11 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 14 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 15 net net JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 16 decrease decrease NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 18 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 20 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 21 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 25 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 26 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 29 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 154 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 4 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 5 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 6 traces trace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 8 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 10 debasement debasement NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 13 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 15 Nero Nero NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 155 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 2 claims claim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 5 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 6 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 7 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 10 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 13 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 14 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 17 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 20 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 22 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 23 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 25 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 26 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 28 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 31 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 33 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 34 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 35 funding funding NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 37 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 39 buy buy VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 41 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 42 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 43 loyalty loyalty NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 156 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 3 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 6 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 8 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 11 monetary monetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 12 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 14 collapsed collapse VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 157 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 3 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 4 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 6 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 9 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 14 satisfy satisfy VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 16 demands demand NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 19 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 21 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 22 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 158 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 1 Failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 2 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 3 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 4 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 5 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 6 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 9 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 10 forcibly forcibly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 11 deposing depose VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 13 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 15 installing instal VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 18 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 159 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 3 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 4 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 6 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 7 monetary monetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 8 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 11 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 15 resort resort VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 17 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 18 requisitioning requisitioning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 20 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 21 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 22 anywhere anywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 24 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 25 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 27 - - : en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 29 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 30 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 31 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 33 cattle cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 35 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 160 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 5 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 7 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 10 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 11 chaos chaos NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 15 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 17 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 18 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 21 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 25 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 26 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 161 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 2 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 3 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 5 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 6 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 8 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 162 12 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 1 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 2 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 3 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 6 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 9 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 10 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 12 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 15 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 16 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 18 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 163 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 1 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 4 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 6 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 8 force force VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 9 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 11 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 14 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 17 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 164 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 1 So so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 4 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 6 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 8 tied tie VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 11 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 15 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 17 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 20 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 21 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 22 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 165 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 2 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 3 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 4 reacted react VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 6 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 9 countryside countryside NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 11 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 12 joining join VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 14 estates estate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 17 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 21 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 22 trying try VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 25 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 27 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 29 interact interact VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 30 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 31 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 33 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 36 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 37 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 166 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 3 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 5 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 8 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 9 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 11 dissolve dissolve VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 14 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 16 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 17 estates estate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 19 operated operate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 21 closed close VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 22 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 24 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 26 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 28 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 29 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 31 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 33 engage engage VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 35 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 36 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 37 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 167 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 168 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 168 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 168 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 168 4 beginnings beginning NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 168 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 168 6 feudalism feudalism NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 168 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 4 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 5 Tainter Tainter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 6 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 8 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 9 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 11 Collapse Collapse NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 13 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 14 Societies Societies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 16 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 17 anthropologist anthropologist NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 18 Tainter Tainter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 19 presents present VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 21 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 24 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 25 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 26 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 27 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 29 implicit implicit JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 30 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 31 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 33 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 37 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 38 deplete deplete VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 39 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 40 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 41 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 42 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 43 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 44 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 45 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 46 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 47 sustainable sustainable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 169 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 1 Tainter Tainter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 4 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 5 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 7 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 10 try try VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 12 solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 13 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 170 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 1 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 2 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 4 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 5 differentiated differentiate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 6 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 8 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 9 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 11 reliance reliance NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 13 symbolic symbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 15 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 16 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 20 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 23 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 25 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 26 producers producer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 28 analysts analyst NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 29 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 32 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 34 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 35 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 36 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 171 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 2 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 5 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 7 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 9 subsidy subsidy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 11 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 12 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 16 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 18 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 172 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 3 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 4 confronts confront VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 7 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 13 shortage shortage NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 16 difficulty difficulty NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 18 gaining gain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 19 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 21 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 24 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 26 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 27 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 28 layers layer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 30 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 32 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 35 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 36 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 38 address address VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 40 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 173 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 6 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 7 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 8 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 9 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 12 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 14 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 16 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 17 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 18 availability availability NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 19 dropped drop VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 174 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 2 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 3 solved solve VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 5 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 8 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 9 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 11 conquering conquer VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 13 neighbours neighbour NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 15 appropriate appropriate VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 17 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 18 surpluses surplus NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 20 metals metal NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 22 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 24 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 26 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 175 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 4 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 5 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 6 exacerbated exacerbate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 8 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 11 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 12 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 17 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 20 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 22 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 23 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 25 garrisons garrison NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 27 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 28 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 30 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 33 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 176 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 1 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 4 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 5 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 6 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 7 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 9 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 11 challenges challenge NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 14 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 16 crop crop NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 17 failures failure NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 18 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 21 solved solve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 24 acquisition acquisition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 26 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 27 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 177 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 3 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 6 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 7 fragmented fragment VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 9 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 10 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 178 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 1 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 2 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 3 assume assume VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 6 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 13 catastrophe catastrophe NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 15 everyone everyone NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 16 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 179 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 1 Tainter tainter NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 2 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 3 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 8 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 11 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 12 rational rational JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 13 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 15 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 18 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 22 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 24 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 25 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 27 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 28 but but IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 30 elite elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 32 presumably presumably RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 180 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 1 Archeological archeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 2 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 4 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 5 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 6 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 8 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 9 nutrition nutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 10 improved improve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 13 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 16 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 19 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 20 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 181 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 1 Average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 2 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 5 benefited benefit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 6 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 8 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 9 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 12 invest invest VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 15 burdensome burdensome JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 16 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 18 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 182 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 2 Tainter Tainter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 4 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 7 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 9 crop crop NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 10 failures failure NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 12 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 14 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 15 degradation degradation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 19 apparent apparent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 20 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 22 societal societal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 23 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 26 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 27 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 29 diminishing diminish VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 30 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 32 investments investment NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 34 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 35 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 183 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 4 Adrian adrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 5 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 6 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 8 Complete Complete NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 10 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 12 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 14 Adrian Adrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 15 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 18 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 19 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 20 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 22 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 24 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 27 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 30 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 34 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 35 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 36 decadence decadence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 37 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 40 make make NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 42 up up NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 45 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 46 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 48 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 51 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 53 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 54 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 55 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 56 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 57 factions faction NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 60 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 61 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 62 fighting fight VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 63 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 64 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 67 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 184 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 2 inevitably inevitably RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 3 weakened weaken VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 8 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 9 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 12 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 14 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 16 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 17 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 19 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 20 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 21 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 23 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 24 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 26 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 28 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 185 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 2 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 3 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 4 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 6 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 7 fighting fighting NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 8 instrument instrument NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 11 opponents opponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 13 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 14 civilized civilized JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 16 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 20 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 23 victories victory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 24 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 25 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 26 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 29 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 31 Strasbourg Strasbourg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 33 357 357 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 37 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 38 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 40 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 42 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 43 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 45 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 46 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 47 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 49 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 50 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 186 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 3 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 4 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 7 Weakening weaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 8 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 9 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 11 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 13 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 14 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 19 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 22 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 23 grind grind NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 25 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 26 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 27 eroded erode VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 29 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 30 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 32 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 34 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 35 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 36 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 37 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 187 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 5 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 6 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 9 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 10 detail detail NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 12 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 14 recurring recur VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 15 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 16 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 19 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 20 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 23 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 24 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 25 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 28 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 31 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 32 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 35 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 36 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 37 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 41 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 42 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 43 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 44 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 47 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 48 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 49 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 50 Slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 51 Death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 54 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 55 Superpower Superpower NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 57 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 188 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 1 Monocausal monocausal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 2 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 3 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 5 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 6 McNeill McNeill NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 10 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 12 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 14 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 15 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 18 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 19 Plagues Plagues NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 21 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 23 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 27 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 29 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 31 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 33 protracted protract VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 34 Antonine Antonine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 35 Plague Plague NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 36 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 37 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 38 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 39 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 189 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 2 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 3 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 4 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 6 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 11 diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 13 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 16 epidemics epidemic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 18 smallpox smallpox NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 20 measles measle NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 22 swept sweep VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 25 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 27 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 28 killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 29 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 30 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 32 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 190 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 1 Similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 2 epidemics epidemic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 7 Plague Plague NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 9 Cyprian Cyprian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 12 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 15 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 191 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 1 McNeill McNeill NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 5 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 6 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 8 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 9 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 12 apparatus apparatus NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 14 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 15 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 16 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 21 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 23 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 25 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 26 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 28 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 29 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 31 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 32 killed kill VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 34 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 192 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 2 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 3 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 4 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 5 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 8 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 9 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 12 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 15 plagues plague NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 17 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 20 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 21 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 22 apparatus apparatus NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 193 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 1 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 3 revealed reveal VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 7 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 9 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 12 inhabited inhabited JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 13 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 16 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 17 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 19 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 20 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 21 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 23 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 194 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 1 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 2 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 3 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 5 agri agri NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 6 deserti deserti NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 10 deserted desert VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 11 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 13 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 14 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 15 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 17 desperate desperate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 195 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 2 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 3 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 6 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 11 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 14 shrinking shrink VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 15 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 17 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 19 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 20 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 23 shrinking shrink VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 25 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 26 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 27 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 28 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 30 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 31 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 33 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 34 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 35 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 196 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 1 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 3 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 5 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 7 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 8 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 10 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 11 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 12 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 14 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 17 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 18 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 19 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 21 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 22 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 25 cleared clear VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 27 pirates pirate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 28 shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 29 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 30 conquering conquer VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 31 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 197 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 1 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 3 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 4 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 6 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 8 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 9 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 12 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 198 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 2 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 3 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 5 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 6 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 7 increased increased JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 8 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 10 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 13 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 15 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 199 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 1 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 2 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 3 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 4 fountains fountain NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 6 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 7 latrines latrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 9 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 10 baths bath NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 13 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 15 brothels brothel NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 16 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 20 conducive conducive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 23 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 25 pathogens pathogen NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 200 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 1 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 2 crowded crowd VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 3 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 4 walled walled JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 5 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 8 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 11 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 12 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 14 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 15 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 16 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 18 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 201 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 202 1 Epidemics epidemic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 202 2 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 202 3 sweeping sweep VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 202 4 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 202 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 202 6 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 202 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 2 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 5 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 6 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 7 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 8 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 9 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 11 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 13 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 14 rivers river NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 17 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 18 conducive conducive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 21 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 23 pathogens pathogen NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 203 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 1 Germans german NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 2 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 4 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 5 scattered scatter VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 6 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 8 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 10 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 12 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 13 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 15 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 17 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 19 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 204 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 1 Germans german NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 2 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 4 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 6 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 7 detached detached JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 8 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 205 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 1 Germans german NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 2 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 5 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 6 baths bath NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 7 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 10 brothels brothel NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 12 drank drink VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 13 ale ale NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 14 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 16 boiled boil VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 17 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 206 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 2 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 3 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 4 seemed seem VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 9 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 207 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 208 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 208 2 demographics demographic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 208 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 208 4 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 208 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 208 6 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 208 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 1 Economically economically RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 3 depopulation depopulation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 4 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 7 impoverishment impoverishment NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 9 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 11 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 13 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 14 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 15 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 16 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 17 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 20 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 21 weakened weaken VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 209 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 1 Increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 2 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 4 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 5 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 6 strained strain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 8 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 10 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 11 reduced reduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 13 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 15 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 18 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 210 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 2 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 3 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 5 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 7 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 8 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 10 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 12 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 13 killed kill VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 14 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 16 disrupted disrupt VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 17 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 211 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 1 Raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 3 forced force VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 4 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 6 walled walled JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 7 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 9 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 10 furthering further VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 12 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 14 pathogens pathogen NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 16 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 18 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 20 depopulation depopulation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 23 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 212 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 2 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 3 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 5 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 6 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 7 forced force VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 10 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 11 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 15 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 17 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 18 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 20 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 213 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 1 Environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 2 degradation degradation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 3 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 4 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 6 Deforestation deforestation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 10 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 11 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 12 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 14 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 15 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 16 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 17 degradation degradation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 18 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 21 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 22 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 214 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 1 Deforestation deforestation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 3 excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 4 grazing grazing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 5 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 7 erosion erosion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 9 meadows meadow NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 11 cropland cropland NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 215 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 1 Increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 2 irrigation irrigation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 3 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 4 suitable suitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 5 drainage drainage NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 6 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 7 salinization salinization NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 9 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 11 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 12 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 216 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 2 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 3 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 4 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 6 fertile fertile JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 7 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 8 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 9 nonproductive nonproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 11 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 12 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 13 desertification desertification NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 16 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 217 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 218 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 218 2 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 218 3 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 218 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 218 5 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 218 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 5 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 8 Tainter Tainter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 9 stated state VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 12 deforestation deforestation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 13 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 15 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 18 collapse",[14 collapse",[14 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 20 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 22 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 25 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 26 contributing contributing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 27 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 219 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 3 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 4 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 6 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 7 slavery slavery NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 9 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 10 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 12 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 16 forced force VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 17 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 18 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 19 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 21 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 25 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 28 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 29 overpopulated overpopulated JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 220 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 2 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 5 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 7 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 9 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 15 once once IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 17 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 20 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 22 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 23 shortage shortage NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 25 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 26 shortage shortage NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 27 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 28 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 221 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 5 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 6 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 7 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 10 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 11 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 12 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 13 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 14 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 17 1960s 1960 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 20 sociologist sociologist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 21 Seabury Seabury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 22 Colum Colum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 23 Gilfillan Gilfillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 24 advanced advance VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 26 argument argument NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 28 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 29 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 32 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 33 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 36 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 39 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 40 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 222 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 2 15][16 15][16 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 4 Later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 7 posthumously posthumously RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 8 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 9 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 10 elaborated elaborate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 12 Gilfillan Gilfillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 14 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 17 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 223 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 4 Jerome Jerome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 5 Nriagu Nriagu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 8 geochemist geochemist NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 10 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 13 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 14 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 17 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 18 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 19 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 22 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 25 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 26 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 224 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 2 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 3 centred centre VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 6 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 10 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 11 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 15 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 16 sweeteners sweetener NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 17 besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 18 honey honey NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 20 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 21 boil boil VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 22 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 24 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 25 pots pot NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 27 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 29 reduced reduced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 30 sugar sugar NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 31 syrup syrup NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 32 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 33 defrutum defrutum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 35 concentrated concentrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 36 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 37 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 38 sapa sapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 225 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 2 syrup syrup NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 7 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 9 sweeten sweeten VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 10 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 12 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 226 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 4 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 5 acidic acidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 6 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 8 boiled boil VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 9 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 10 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 11 vessels vessel VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 13 sweet sweet JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 14 syrup syrup NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 16 yields yield VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 17 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 18 contain contain VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 20 quantity quantity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 22 Pb(C2H3O2)2 Pb(C2H3O2)2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 24 lead(II lead(ii NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 26 acetate acetate RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 227 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 4 Lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 7 leached leach VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 10 glazes glaze NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 12 amphorae amphorae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 15 pottery pottery NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 18 pewter pewter NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 19 drinking drinking NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 20 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 22 cookware cookware NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 26 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 27 piping piping NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 28 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 30 municipal municipal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 31 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 32 supplies supply NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 34 baths bath NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 228 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 6 culinary culinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 9 defrutum defrutum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 12 sweeten sweeten VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 13 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 19 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 21 fruit fruit NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 23 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 24 dishes dish NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 27 sweetening sweeten VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 29 souring souring NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 30 agent agent NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 32 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 33 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 35 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 36 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 37 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 39 suckling suckle VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 40 pig pig NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 42 duck duck NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 44 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 46 taste taste NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 48 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 49 flesh flesh NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 229 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 1 Defrutum defrutum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 3 mixed mix VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 5 garum garum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 7 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 9 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 10 condiment condiment NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 11 oenogarum oenogarum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 19 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 21 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 22 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 23 condiments condiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 230 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 1 Quince Quince NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 3 melon melon NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 5 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 7 defrutum defrutum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 9 honey honey NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 12 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 16 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 17 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 18 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 19 defrutum defrutum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 21 sapa sapa NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 24 cosmetic cosmetic NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 231 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 1 Defrutum defrutum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 7 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 8 preservative preservative NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 10 provisions provision NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 13 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 232 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 4 Nriagu Nriagu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 5 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 7 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 8 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 10 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 11 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 13 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 15 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 16 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 17 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 19 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 233 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 4 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 6 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 7 Nriagu Nriagu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 8 assumes assume VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 12 defrutum defrutum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 13 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 14 sapa sapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 15 consumed consume VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 19 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 21 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 22 vessels:[19][21 vessels:[19][21 NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 24 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 25 Source Source NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 26 Lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 27 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 29 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 30 Daily Daily NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 31 intake intake NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 32 Absorption Absorption NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 33 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 34 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 35 absorbed absorb VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 36 Aristocrats Aristocrats NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 37 Air Air NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 38 0.05 0.05 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 40 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 41 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 42 m3 m3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 43 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 44 m3 m3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 45 0.4 0.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 46 0.4 0.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 48 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 49 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 50 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 51 Water Water NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 52 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 54 50–200 50–200 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 56 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 57 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 58 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 59 1.0 1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 60 liter liter NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 61 0.1 0.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 62 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 64 5–20 5–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 66 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 67 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 68 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 69 Wines Wines NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 70 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 72 200–1500 200–1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 74 2.0 2.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 75 liters liter NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 76 0.3 0.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 77 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 78 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 79 120–900 120–900 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 80 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 81 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 82 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 83 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 84 Foods Foods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 85 0.2 0.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 86 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 87 0.1–2.0 0.1–2.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 89 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 90 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 91 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 92 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 93   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 94 kg kg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 95 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 96 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 97   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 98 lb lb XX en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 100 0.1 0.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 101 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 102 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 103 30–600 30–600 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 104 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 105 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 106 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 107 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 108 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 109 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 110 Misc Misc NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 234 111 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 1 5.0 5.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 3 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 5 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 6 Total Total NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 7 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 9 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 11 1250 1250 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 13 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 14 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 15 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 16 Plebeians Plebeians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 17 Less Less JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 18 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 20 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 21 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 22 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 235 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 1 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 3 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 5 320 320 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 7 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 9 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 10 Slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 11 Still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 12 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 13 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 15 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 16 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 18 0.75 0.75 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 19 liters liter NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 20 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 21 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 23 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 24 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 25 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 27 µg µg IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 28 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 29 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 30 Lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 33 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 34 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 37 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 236 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 2 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 4 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 5 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 6 phosphate phosphate NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 7 complexes complex NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 8 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 9 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 237 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 6 detectable detectable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 8 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 9 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 238 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 4 Chemical Chemical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 7 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 8 skeletons skeleton NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 9 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 11 Herculaneum Herculaneum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 13 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 14 Sara Sara NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 15 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 16 Bisel Bisel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 19 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 21 Minnesota Minnesota NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 22 indicated indicate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 24 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 25 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 27 concentrations concentration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 29 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 30 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 31 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 32 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 34 ppm),[23 ppm),[23 NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 36 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 37 skeletons skeleton NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 38 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 41 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 42 cave cave NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 43 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 44 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 45 concentrations concentration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 47 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 48 3ppm 3ppm CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 239 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 4 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 5 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 6 revealed reveal VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 10 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 12 remains remain NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 15 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 19 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 21 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 22 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 24 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 25 Europeans,[24 europeans,[24 NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 28 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 29 concentrations concentration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 30 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 31 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 33 50ppm 50ppm NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 240 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 4 Criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 6 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 7 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 8 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 10 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 12 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 14 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 15 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 17 contributing contribute VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 20 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 23 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 27 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 29 controversy controversy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 33 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 35 validity validity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 37 discounted discount VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 39 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 40 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 241 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 5 Scarborough Scarborough NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 8 pharmacologist pharmacologist NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 10 classicist classicist NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 12 criticized criticize VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 13 Nriagu Nriagu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 15 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 18 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 19 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 21 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 22 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 24 miscitations miscitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 26 typographical typographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 27 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 31 blatant blatant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 32 flippancy flippancy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 33 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 34 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 35 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 36 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 38 reader reader NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 39 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 40 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 41 trust trust VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 43 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 44 arguments argument NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 242 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 3 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 5 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 6 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 8 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 9 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 11 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 12 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 14 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 15 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 21 endemic endemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 25 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 26 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 27 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 29 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 31 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 243 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 2 defrutum defrutum NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 4 sapa sapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 5 prepared prepare VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 7 leaden leaden JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 8 containers container NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 9 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 10 indubitably indubitably RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 12 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 13 toxic toxic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 14 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 16 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 19 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 21 leaden leaden JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 22 containers container NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 24 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 25 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 30 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 33 copper copper NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 35 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 36 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 37 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 38 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 244 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 2 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 3 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 5 sapa sapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 6 added add VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 8 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 12 standardised standardise VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 15 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 17 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 18 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 20 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 21 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 22 sapa sapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 24 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 27 what what WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 28 quantity quantity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 245 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 4 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 7 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 9 Elder[26 elder[26 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 12 Vitruvius Vitruvius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 13 recognised recognise VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 15 toxicity toxicity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 17 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 246 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 1 Vitruvius Vitruvius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 4 flourished flourish VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 6 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 10 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 13 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 14 knew know VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 15 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 16 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 19 dangers danger NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 247 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 1 Water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 2 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 3 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 4 earthen earthen JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 5 pipes pipe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 8 wholesome wholesome JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 10 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 11 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 12 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 14 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 15 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 16 conveyed convey VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 18 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 19 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 21 injurious injurious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 23 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 26 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 27 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 28 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 29 cerussa cerussa NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 31 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 32 carbonate carbonate NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 34 PbCO3 pbco3 NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 37 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 40 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 42 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 44 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 45 injurious injurious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 48 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 49 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 248 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 4 verified verify VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 6 observing observe VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 8 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 10 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 16 pallid pallid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 17 colour colour NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 19 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 20 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 21 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 23 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 24 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 26 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 28 leaden leaden JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 29 pipes pipe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 30 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 31 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 33 desirous desirous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 35 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 36 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 38 wholesome wholesome JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 249 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 2     _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 3 VIII.6.10–11 VIII.6.10–11 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 4 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 6 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 7 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 8 supports support VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 10 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 13 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 14 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 17 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 18 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 21 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 22 pipes pipe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 24 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 25 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 26 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 27 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 29 contamination contamination NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 250 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 4 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 6 locals local NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 8 punch punch VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 9 holes hole NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 12 pipes pipe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 14 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 15 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 16 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 18 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 20 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 22 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 23 exposed expose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 26 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 251 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 1 Thirty thirty CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 2 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 3 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 5 Jerome Jerome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 6 Nriagu Nriagu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 7 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 10 milestone milestone NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 11 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 14 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 15 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 18 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 20 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 21 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 252 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 1 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 2 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 5 scientist scientist NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 7 convinced convince VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 8 governments government NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 10 ban ban VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 11 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 13 gasoline gasoline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 15 enthusiastically enthusiastically RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 16 endorsed endorse VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 18 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 21 nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 22 triggered trigger VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 24 volley volley NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 26 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 27 aimed aim VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 29 refuting refute VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 253 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 2 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 3 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 6 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 7 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 10 prime prime JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 11 culprit culprit NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 15 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 18 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 21 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 23 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 24 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 26 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 27 pipes pipe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 29 fistulæ fistulæ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 31 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 32 stands stand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 35 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 36 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 37 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 38 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 254 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 2 measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 3 Pb Pb NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 4 isotope isotope NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 5 compositions composition NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 7 sediments sediment NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 10 Tiber Tiber NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 11 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 14 Trajanic Trajanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 15 Harbor Harbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 18 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 19 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 20 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 23 tap tap NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 24 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 27 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 28 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 30 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 31 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 32 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 33 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 34 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 35 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 36 spring spring NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 37 waters water NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 255 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 256 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 256 2 27][28][29 27][28][29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 256 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 256 4 Catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 256 5 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 256 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 257 1 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 258 1 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 258 2 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 259 1 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 1 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 6 Later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 10 1889/1923 1889/1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 12 challenged challenge VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 14 prevailing prevail VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 16 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 18 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 19 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 21 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 23 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 25 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 28 classic classic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 30 clash clash NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 32 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 33 vs. vs. IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 34 paganism paganism NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 36 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 38 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 40 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 41 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 44 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 45 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 47 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 48 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 49 resolutely resolutely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 50 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 260 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 2 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 4 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 6 grand grand JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 7 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 9 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 10 epoch epoch NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 12 making making NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 15 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 17 detail detail NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 20 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 21 monocausal monocausal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 261 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 2 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 3 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 5 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 6 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 9 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 11 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 13 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 15 disputing dispute VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 16 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 17 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 262 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 2 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 4 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 7 felt feel VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 9 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 11 thesis thesis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 12 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 14 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 15 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 18 viable viable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 21 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 263 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 1 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 3 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 5 that:[30 that:[30 . en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 8 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 9 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 13 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 14 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 17 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 20 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 22 contingent contingent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 23 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 264 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 1 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 2 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 3 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 6 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 8 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 10 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 265 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 1 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 2 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 7 crises crisis NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 8 arose arise VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 9 simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 11 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 12 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 14 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 15 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 17 depopulation depopulation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 19 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 21 dependency dependency NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 23 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 24 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 27 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 30 disastrous disastrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 32 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 33 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 34 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 35 unknowing unknowing JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 37 treason treason NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 39 Stilicho Stilicho NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 41 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 43 martial martial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 44 vigor vigor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 46 Aetius Aetius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 47 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 48 murder murder NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 51 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 53 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 54 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 55 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 56 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 57 Aetius Aetius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 58 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 59 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 60 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 62 misfortunes misfortune NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 63 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 65 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 66 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 68 proved prove VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 69 catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 70 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 71 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 72 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 73 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 74 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 75 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 76 depend depend VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 77 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 79 enrollment enrollment NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 80 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 81 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 83 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 84 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 85 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 87 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 88 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 89 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 91 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 92 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 93 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 94 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 95 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 96 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 97 render render VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 98 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 99 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 100 attractive attractive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 101 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 102 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 103 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 104 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 105 prospect prospect NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 106 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 107 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 108 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 109 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 266 110 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 5 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 8 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 11 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 13 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 14 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 18 depopulation depopulation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 22 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 23 civilised civilised JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 24 Mediterranean mediterranean JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 25 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 267 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 2 Germans Germans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 4 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 5 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 8 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 12 dangers danger NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 13 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 16 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 19 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 22 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 24 Merobaudes Merobaudes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 26 Arbogastes Arbogastes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 268 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 1 Yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 3 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 4 need nee MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 6 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 7 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 10 dismemberment dismemberment NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 18 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 19 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 21 chances chance NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 23 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 24 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 25 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 29 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 33 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 34 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 37 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 38 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 39 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 269 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 4 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 7 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 8 penetration penetration NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 10 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 11 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 12 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 13 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 14 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 15 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 16 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 270 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 2 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 3 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 4 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 6 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 9 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 10 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 11 happened happen VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 13 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 14 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 18 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 19 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 22 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 26 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 27 violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 271 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 2 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 5 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 6 contention contention NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 11 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 13 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 14 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 17 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 23 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 24 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 26 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 28 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 29 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 31 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 32 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 33 rightly rightly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 35 wrongly wrongly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 36 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 38 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 40 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 42 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 43 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 44 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 45 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 46 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 272 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 2 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 3 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 6 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 8 dispense dispense VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 11 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 13 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 15 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 16 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 18 gentium gentium NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 19 barbararum barbararum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 20 auxilio auxilio NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 21 indigemus indigemus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 23 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 25 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 29 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 31 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 32 calamities calamity NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 34 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 35 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 38 weakness weakness NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 40 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 41 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 42 continued continue VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 44 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 45 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 46 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 48 fatal fatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 49 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 52 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 54 contingencies contingency NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 55 pointed point VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 56 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 57 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 273 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 4 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 5 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 6 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 7 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 12 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 18 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 21 maintains maintain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 23 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 24 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 25 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 27 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 28 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 29 violent violent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 30 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 31 transitions transition NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 33 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 34 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 35 notwithstanding notwithstanding RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 39 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 40 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 41 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 42 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 44 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 46 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 49 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 52 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 53 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 54 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 274 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 3 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 7 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 8 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 10 trouble trouble NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 13 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 15 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 18 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 19 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 20 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 22 226–651 226–651 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 275 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 2 reviewed review VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 5 writer writer NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 7 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 9 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 12 Sassanids Sassanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 14 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 15 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 17 internally internally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 18 cohesive cohesive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 20 push push VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 21 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 22 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 23 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 26 Euphrates Euphrates NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 29 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 31 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 33 southeast southeast NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 34 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 276 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 1 Much much RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 4 readers reader NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 5 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 7 think think VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 11 Huns Huns NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 15 nemesis nemesis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 23 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 24 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 25 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 26 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 30 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 31 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 32 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 34 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 36 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 38 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 40 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 277 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 3 20–25 20–25 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 4 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 7 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 8 might might NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 11 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 12 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 14 addressing address VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 16 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 17 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 20 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 21 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 23 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 24 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 26 upwards upward NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 28 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 29 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 32 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 33 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 35 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 36 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 278 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 4 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 5 goes go VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 8 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 9 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 12 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 14 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 16 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 17 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 20 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 22 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 24 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 25 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 29 cope cope VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 32 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 33 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 35 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 36 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 37 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 39 stripping strip VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 41 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 42 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 43 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 45 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 47 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 48 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 49 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 50 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 279 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 2 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 3 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 5 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 6 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 9 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 10 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 12 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 13 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 15 stabilizing stabilize VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 17 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 20 Sassanids Sassanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 24 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 26 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 27 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 30 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 34 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 36 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 37 trends trend NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 40 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 41 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 43 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 45 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 46 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 48 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 49 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 280 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 1 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 4 incentive incentive NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 6 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 7 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 9 spend spend VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 13 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 16 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 18 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 19 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 20 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 281 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 1 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 2 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 5 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 7 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 8 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 11 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 13 modest modest JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 15 funded fund VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 17 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 18 budgets budget NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 22 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 23 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 24 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 25 dried dry VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 26 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 282 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 1 Second second RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 3 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 4 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 7 landowning landowne VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 8 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 9 literati literati NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 10 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 11 shifted shift VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 13 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 15 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 17 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 19 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 20 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 22 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 24 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 25 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 28 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 29 bureaucracies bureaucracy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 283 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 1 Having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 2 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 4 scene scene NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 7 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 8 stretched stretch VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 9 militarily militarily RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 12 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 13 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 15 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 16 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 17 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 19 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 20 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 21 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 25 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 26 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 31 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 32 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 34 altered alter VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 36 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 37 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 39 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 40 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 284 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 1 Contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 4 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 6 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 8 material material JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 9 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 14 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 16 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 18 disparities disparity NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 20 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 21 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 23 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 25 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 26 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 27 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 29 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 30 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 31 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 32 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 33 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 34 groupings grouping NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 35 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 36 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 37 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 38 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 39 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 285 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 1 Essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 2 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 4 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 5 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 7 formidable formidable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 8 foes foe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 286 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 1 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 2 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 3 posits posit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 4 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 5 amounts amount VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 8 domino domino NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 9 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 10 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 11 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 13 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 15 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 16 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 17 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 18 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 21 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 22 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 23 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 25 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 26 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 28 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 33 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 35 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 36 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 37 contemplate contemplate VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 39 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 41 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 42 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 43 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 46 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 287 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 3 links link VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 5 Gothic gothic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 6 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 8 376 376 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 9 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 11 Hunnic hunnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 12 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 13 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 15 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 16 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 19 decade decade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 20 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 288 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 4 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 6 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 8 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 9 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 11 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 13 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 16 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 17 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 19 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 20 Hunnic hunnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 21 incursions incursion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 23 Germania Germania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 27 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 28 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 30 Huns Huns NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 31 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 32 deeply deeply RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 33 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 36 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 39 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 40 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 41 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 42 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 43 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 44 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 45 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 47 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 48 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 51 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 289 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 2 postulates postulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 5 Hunnic hunnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 6 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 7 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 8 unprecedented unprecedented JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 9 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 11 376 376 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 13 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 15 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 16 groupings grouping NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 19 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 20 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 22 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 24 militarily militarily RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 25 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 28 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 29 eras era NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 290 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 2 impacted impact VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 4 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 5 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 7 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 8 stretch stretch NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 9 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 12 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 13 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 291 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 1 Essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 3 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 6 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 7 pressures pressure NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 9 376–470 376–470 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 10 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 12 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 14 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 16 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 18 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 19 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 22 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 292 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 2 disputes dispute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 3 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 5 contention contention NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 7 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 9 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 10 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 11 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 14 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 293 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 3 rejects reject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 5 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 6 infighting infighting NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 12 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 14 considering consider VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 18 systemic systemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 19 recurring recur VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 20 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 21 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 25 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 28 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 30 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 31 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 32 contributed contribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 35 inability inability NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 37 respond respond VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 40 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 43 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 44 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 46 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 47 consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 48 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 49 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 50 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 51 blamed blame VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 53 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 294 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 3 places place VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 5 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 6 squarely squarely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 8 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 9 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 10 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 12 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 15 Sassanids Sassanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 295 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 2 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 5 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 7 believe believe VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 9 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 11 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 14 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 16 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 18 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 20 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 21 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 23 shatter shatter VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 25 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 296 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 2 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 4 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 6 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 9 placing place VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 11 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 13 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 14 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 15 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 16 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 21 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 25 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 26 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 297 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 1 Bryan Bryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 2 Ward Ward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 4 Perkins Perkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 5 Bryan Bryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 6 Ward Ward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 8 Perkins Perkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 11 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 16 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 18 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 20 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 22 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 24 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 25 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 26 tempered temper VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 28 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 29 discoveries discovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 31 arguing argue VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 32 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 34 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 36 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 38 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 41 vicious vicious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 42 circle circle NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 44 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 45 instability instability NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 47 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 48 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 51 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 52 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 53 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 298 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 1 Essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 3 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 4 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 5 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 7 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 8 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 11 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 12 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 13 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 16 lessened lessen VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 20 medium- medium- NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 22 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 24 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 25 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 27 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 29 equip equip VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 31 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 34 predictable predictable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 35 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 299 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 1 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 3 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 4 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 5 encouraged encourage VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 6 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 7 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 9 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 11 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 13 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 14 depleting deplete VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 15 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 16 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 300 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 1 Contrary contrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 4 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 5 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 7 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 11 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 13 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 14 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 16 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 19 view view VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 21 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 23 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 26 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 29 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 30 thing thing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 34 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 35 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 37 Ward Ward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 39 Perkins Perkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 40 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 41 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 43 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 44 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 47 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 48 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 50 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 51 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 52 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 53 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 55 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 56 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 57 truly truly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 58 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 59 disaster disaster NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 301 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 1 Ward Ward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 3 Perkins Perkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 4 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 5 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 7 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 8 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 9 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 13 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 16 identifies identify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 18 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 20 cyclic cyclic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 21 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 23 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 24 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 26 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 28 definite definite JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 29 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 31 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 302 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 1 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 2 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 3 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 6 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 7 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 10 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 14 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 15 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 18 continuities continuity NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 25 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 26 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 27 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 28 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 29 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 30 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 33 rupture rupture NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 303 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 2 Histoire Histoire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 3 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 4 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 5 politiques politique VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 6 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 7 l'ancienne l'ancienne FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 8 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 10 1875–89 1875–89 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 13 Fustel Fustel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 14 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 15 Coulanges Coulanges NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 16 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 19 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 20 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 21 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 24 ongoing ongoing JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 25 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 27 transforming transform VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 28 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 29 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 304 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 1 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 2 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 3 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 5 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 9 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 10 Thesis Thesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 13 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 16 1920s 1920 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 19 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 20 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 22 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 23 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 305 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 2 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 4 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 7 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 8 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 12 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 14 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 15 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 16 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 18 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 19 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 21 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 22 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 27 destroy destroy VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 32 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 33 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 35 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 36 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 39 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 40 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 41 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 43 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 45 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 46 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 48 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 306 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 2 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 3 Thesis Thesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 4 regards regard VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 6 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 9 Frankish frankish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 10 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 12 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 15 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 22 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 23 validates validate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 25 crowning crowning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 27 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 30 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 31 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 32 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 33 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 36 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 39 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 40 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 307 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 3 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 6 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 7 break break NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 11 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 14 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 16 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 17 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 20 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 22 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 23 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 308 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 1 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 2 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 5 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 7 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 9 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 11 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 12 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 14 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 16 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 18 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 19 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 21 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 23 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 24 ruptured rupture VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 25 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 26 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 28 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 29 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 31 cutting cut VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 33 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 34 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 36 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 38 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 40 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 42 stagnant stagnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 43 backwater backwater NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 46 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 47 flowing flow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 48 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 51 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 53 raw raw JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 54 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 56 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 57 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 58 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 309 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 2 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 4 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 5 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 7 impoverishment impoverishment JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 8 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 14 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 15 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 18 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 19 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 20 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 21 agrarian agrarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 24 subsistence subsistence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 25 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 28 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 29 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 31 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 32 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 310 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 1 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 3 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 6 continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 11 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 15 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 16 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 19 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 21 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 22 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 25 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 26 Masai Masai NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 28 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 29 Ferdinand Ferdinand NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 30 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 33 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 34 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 311 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 3 critics critic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 5 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 9 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 10 Thesis Thesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 12 erred err VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 14 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 15 counts count NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 18 treating treat VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 20 Carolingian carolingian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 21 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 28 overemphasizing overemphasize VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 30 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 33 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 34 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 37 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 39 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 40 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 41 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 312 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 2 critics critic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 4 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 7 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 9 correct correct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 11 arguing argue VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 14 continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 18 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 20 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 22 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 25 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 26 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 29 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 30 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 31 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 33 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 34 disrupted disrupt VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 35 Mediterranean mediterranean JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 36 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 37 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 40 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 41 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 42 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 43 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 313 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 1 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 2 McCormick McCormick NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 4 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 6 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 9 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 10 unearthed unearth VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 11 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 15 collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 16 biographies biography NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 18 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 20 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 21 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 314 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 4 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 6 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 7 document document VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 9 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 11 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 12 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 15 Carolingian Carolingian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 315 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 1 McCormick McCormick NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 3 concluded conclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 5 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 6 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 8 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 9 in in RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 12 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 14 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 15 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 18 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 19 out out RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 22 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 24 timber timber NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 26 weapons weapon NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 28 honey honey NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 30 amber amber NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 33 furs fur NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 316 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 1 Lucien Lucien NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 2 Musset Musset NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 5 clash clash NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 7 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 8 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 10 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 13 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 14 thesis thesis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 18 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 20 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 21 pictured picture VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 23 clash clash NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 25 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 28 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 31 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 32 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 35 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 36 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 37 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 38 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 39 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 40 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 42 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 43 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 317 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 2 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 3 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 4 Lucien Lucien NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 5 Musset Musset NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 7 studying study VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 9 Barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 10 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 12 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 14 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 16 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 17 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 18 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 21 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 24 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 26 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 27 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 30 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 31 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 32 penetrating penetrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 34 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 318 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 4 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 6 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 8 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 10 decline decline VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 13 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 14 transformed transform VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 16 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 17 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 19 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 20 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 22 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 319 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 2 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 4 conclusion conclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 6 beside beside IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 8 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 11 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 14 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 15 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 16 surveys survey NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 18 toponymy toponymy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 20 anthroponymy anthroponymy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 22 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 23 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 24 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 26 studies study VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 28 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 30 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 31 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 34 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 37 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 40 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 43 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 320 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 1 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 2 Antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 3 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 5 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 6 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 9 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 10 pioneered pioneer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 12 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 13 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 16 turned turn VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 17 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 20 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 23 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 25 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 26 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 27 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 28 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 29 refocusing refocus VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 30 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 32 Pirenne Pirenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 34 thesis thesis NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 321 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 2 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 4 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 5 occurring occur VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 6 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 7 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 11 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 13 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 14 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 15 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 17 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 18 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 20 focus focus VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 23 continuities continuity NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 24 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 26 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 28 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 29 worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 322 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 6 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 7 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 10 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 11 break break NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 323 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 1 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 5 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 8 Factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 9 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 11 regard regard VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 13 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 17 crisis'—malaise crisis'—malaise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 18 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 20 urbanization urbanization NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 22 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 23 disasters disaster NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 26 intrusion intrusion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 28 alien alien JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 29 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 30 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 34 consequent consequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 35 heightening heighten VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 37 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 38 hopes hope NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 40 fears fear NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 41 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 42 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 43 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 44 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 45 bulked bulk VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 47 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 50 minds mind NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 53 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 56 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 57 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 59 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 60 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 61 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 62 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 63 suppose suppose VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 324 64 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 2 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 5 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 8 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 325 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 4 isolation isolation NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 7 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 12 villagers villager NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 16 fragile fragile JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 17 excrescences excrescence NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 20 spreading spreading NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 21 countryside countryside NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 326 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 3 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 5 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 7 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 10 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 14 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 17 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 19 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 22 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 24 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 27 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 28 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 30 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 31 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 34 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 36 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 37 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 38 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 40 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 41 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 43 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 45 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 46 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 48 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 49 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 50 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 51 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 52 Demandt Demandt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 54 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 56 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 57 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 59 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 327 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 328 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 328 2 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 328 3 Theories Theories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 328 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 328 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 329 1 Crooked Crooked NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 329 2 Timber Timber NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 329 3 weblog weblog NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 329 4 entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 329 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 330 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 330 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 330 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 330 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 1 Check check VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 2 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 3 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 6 |access |access LS en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 8 date= date= NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 10 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 13 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 14 Demandt Demandt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 16 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 17 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 18 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 19 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 21 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 22 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 23 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 26 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 27 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 29 Source source NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 31 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 32 Demandt Demandt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 34 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 35 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 36 Roms Roms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 38 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 40 695 695 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 331 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 4 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 5 Galinsky Galinsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 7 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 9 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 10 Interactions Interactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 12 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 14 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 15 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 16 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 332 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 2 Bowersock Bowersock NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 6 Vanishing Vanishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 7 Paradigm Paradigm NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 10 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 14 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 17 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 18 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 20 Arts Arts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 22 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 24 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 26 49#8 49#8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 27 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 28 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 29 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 30 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 31 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 32 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 33 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 333 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 334 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 334 2 Winchester Winchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 334 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 334 4 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 334 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 334 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 334 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 334 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 1 Krakatoa Krakatoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 4 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 7 Exploded explode VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 9 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 10 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 12 1883 1883 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 335 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 336 1 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 336 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 5 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 7 621285 621285 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 337 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 2 Arnaldo Arnaldo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 3 Momigliano Momigliano NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 5 echoing echo VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 7 trope trope NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 10 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 12 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 13 falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 16 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 18 titled title VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 20 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 22 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 25 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 26 caduta caduta JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 27 senza senza NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 28 rumore rumore NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 29 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 30 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 31 impero impero NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 32 nel nel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 33 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 34 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 36 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 40 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 41 noiseless noiseless NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 42 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 44 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 45 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 47 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 48 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 338 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 2 Hunt Hunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 4 Lynn Lynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 6 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 7 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 8 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 10 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 11 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 12 Rosenwein Rosenwein NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 14 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 15 Po Po NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 17 chia chia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 18 Hsia Hsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 20 Bonnie Bonnie NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 21 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 22 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 24 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 339 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 2 Making making NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 5 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 7 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 9 Cultures Cultures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 11 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 12 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 14 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 15 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 340 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 341 1 Bedford Bedford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 341 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 341 3 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 341 4 Martins Martins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 341 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 342 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 342 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 342 3 256 256 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 342 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 5 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 7 18365 18365 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 343 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 2 Kinver Kinver NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 6 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 7 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 344 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 3 rise rise VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 5 fall fall VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 6 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 7 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 9 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 10 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 345 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 346 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 346 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 347 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 347 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 347 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 347 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 347 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 2 Arther Arther NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 3 Ferrill Ferrill NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 6 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 12 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 13 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 14 Explanation Explanation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 17 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 19 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 21 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 22 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 24 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 27 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 28 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 31 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 34 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 35 Excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 36 Government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 37 Killed kill VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 38 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 39 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 43 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 44 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 47 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 48 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 49 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 51 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 53 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 56 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 57 Ludwig Ludwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 58 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 59 Mises Mises NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 60 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 61 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 62 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 63 Excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 64 Government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 65 Killed kill VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 66 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 67 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 68 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 70 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 71 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 72 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 73 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 74 Tainter Tainter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 76 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 78 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 80 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 81 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 82 Collapse Collapse NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 83 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 84 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 85 Societies Societies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 86 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 88 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 89 Uni Uni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 90 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 91 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 92 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 93 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 94 Complete Complete NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 95 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 96 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 97 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 98 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 100 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 101 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 102 Adrian adrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 103 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 104 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 105 Lunds lund NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 106 universitet universitet VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 107 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 108 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 109 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 110 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 111 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 112 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 113 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 114 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 115 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 116 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 117 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 118 Tainter Tainter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 119 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 120 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 121 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 122 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 123 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 348 124 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 349 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 349 2 Archeology Archeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 349 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 349 4 Overshoot Overshoot NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 349 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 349 6 Collapse Collapse NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 349 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 349 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 350 1 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 350 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 350 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 350 4 Anthropology Anthropology NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 350 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 351 1 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 351 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 351 3 59–74 59–74 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 351 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 352 1 doi:10.1146 doi:10.1146 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 352 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 352 3 annurev.anthro.35.081705.123136 annurev.anthro.35.081705.123136 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 352 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 2 Gilfillan Gilfillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 5 Colum Colum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 7 Winter Winter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 8 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 353 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 3 Inventive Inventive NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 4 Lag Lag NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 6 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 7 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 8 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 354 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 355 1 Technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 355 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 355 3 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 355 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 356 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 356 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 356 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 356 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 356 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 356 6 85–87 85–87 NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 356 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 357 1 doi:10.2307/3100802 doi:10.2307/3100802 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 357 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 358 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 358 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 358 3 3100802 3100802 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 358 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 359 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 359 2 Gilfillan Gilfillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 359 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 359 4 S.C. South Carolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 359 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 359 6 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 359 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 359 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 2 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 3 Poisoning Poisoning NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 6 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 360 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 361 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 361 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 361 3 Occupational Occupational NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 361 4 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 361 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 362 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 362 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 362 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 362 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 362 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 362 6 53–60 53–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 362 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 363 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 363 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 363 3 14261844 14261844 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 363 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 364 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 364 2 Gilfillan Gilfillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 364 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 364 4 S.C. South Carolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 364 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 364 6 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 364 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 364 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 365 1 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 365 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 365 3 Ruin Ruin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 365 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 365 5 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 365 6 Poison poison NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 365 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 366 1 Wenzel Wenzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 366 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 366 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 367 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 367 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 367 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 367 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 367 5 Milton Milton NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 367 6 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 367 7 Lessler Lessler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 367 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 2 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 4 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 5 Poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 7 Antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 9 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 10 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 368 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 369 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 369 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 369 3 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 369 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 369 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 4 Nriagu Nriagu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 5 JO JO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 8 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 370 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 371 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 371 2 Saturnine saturnine NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 371 3 gout gout NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 371 4 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 371 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 371 6 aristocrats aristocrat NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 371 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 1 Did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 2 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 3 poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 4 contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 7 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 10 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 11 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 372 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 373 1 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 373 2 Engl Engl NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 373 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 374 1 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 374 2 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 374 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 375 1 308 308 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 375 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 375 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 375 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 375 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 375 6 660–3 660–3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 375 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 376 1 doi:10.1056 doi:10.1056 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 376 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 376 3 NEJM198303173081123 nejm198303173081123 UH en-wikipedia-org-7358 376 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 377 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 377 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 377 3 6338384 6338384 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 377 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 2 Director director NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 4 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 5 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 378 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 1 Tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 4 Living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 5 Dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 7 Poisoned Poisoned NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 9 Babies Babies NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 11 television television NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 379 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 380 1 Brighton Brighton NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 380 2 TV TV NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 380 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 380 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 380 5 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 380 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 4 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 5 MD MD NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 6 FAAP FAAP NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 8 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 9 Aug Aug NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 10 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 381 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 2 Children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 4 Environmental Environmental NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 5 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 7 Tribal Tribal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 8 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 9 CEH CEH NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 10 Summit Summit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 382 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 383 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 383 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 383 3 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 383 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 383 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 2 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 3 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 4 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 6 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 8 Metabolism metabolism NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 10 Lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 384 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 10 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 385 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 386 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 386 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 386 3 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 386 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 386 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 7 Clue Clue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 10 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 387 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 388 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 388 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 388 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 388 4 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 388 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 389 1 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 389 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 389 3 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 389 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 390 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 390 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 390 3 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 390 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 390 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 2 Drasch Drasch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 3 1982:199–231 1982:199–231 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 5 Scarborough Scarborough NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 7 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 9 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 391 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 2 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 4 Lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 5 Poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 6 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 8 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 10 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 11 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 12 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 14 Historia Historia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 15 Naturalis1 Naturalis1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 16 xxxiv.50.167 xxxiv.50.167 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 17 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 18 Hugo Hugo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 19 Delile Delile NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 21 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 23 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 26 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 27 waters water NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 28 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 29 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 30 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 32 tap tap NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 33 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 34 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 35 contaminated contaminate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 37 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 39 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 40 say say VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 41 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 42 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 43 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 44 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 45 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 47 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 48 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 49 ’s ’s , en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 50 Water Water NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 51 Was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 52 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 53 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 54 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 55 Levels Levels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 56 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 57 Discover Discover NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 58 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 59 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 60 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 61 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 63 J.B. J.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 64 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 67 Later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 68 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 69 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 70 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 71 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 392 72 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 393 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 393 2 Chap Chap NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 393 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 1 IX ix NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 3 Albion Albion NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 5 Seedlings seedling NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 7 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 10 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 16 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 17 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 20 Making making NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 22 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 23 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 25 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 27 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 28 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 29 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 31 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 34 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 394 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 395 1 2–3 2–3 LS en-wikipedia-org-7358 395 2 References References NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 395 3 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 395 4 Demandt Demandt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 395 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 395 6 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 395 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 395 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 1 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 2 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 3 Roms rom NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 5 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 6 Auflösung Auflösung NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 7 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 8 römischen römischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 9 Reiches Reiches NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 10 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 11 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 12 Urteil Urteil NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 13 der der VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 14 Nachwelt Nachwelt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 396 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 5 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 7 09598 09598 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 10 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 11 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 397 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 1 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 2 Observations Observations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 5 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 12 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 16 Internet Internet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 17 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 18 Sourcebook Sourcebook NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 398 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 1 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 2 excerpts excerpt NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 4 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 6 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 8 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 399 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 400 1 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 400 2 Carroll Carroll NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 400 3 Bark Bark NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 400 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 400 5 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 400 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 400 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 401 1 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 401 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 401 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 401 4 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 401 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 401 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 5 8047 8047 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 7 0514 0514 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 10 Drasch Drasch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 12 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 13 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 15 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 402 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 1 Lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 2 burden burden NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 4 prehistorical prehistorical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 6 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 8 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 9 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 10 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 403 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 5 Total Total NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 6 Environment Environment NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 7 Scarborough Scarborough NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 9 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 11 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 404 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 2 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 4 Lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 5 Poisoning poisoning NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 6 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 8 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 10 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 11 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 12 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 13 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 14 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 15 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 16 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 17 Antonio Antonio NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 405 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 3 Contradiction Contradiction NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 5 Domination Domination NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 7 Production Production NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 9 Bureaucracy Bureaucracy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 12 Contribution Contribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 14 Organizational Organizational NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 15 Efficiency Efficiency NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 18 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 25 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 26 Sociological Sociological NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 27 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 28 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 406 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 407 1 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 407 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 407 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-7358 407 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 1 6 6 LS en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 3 Dec. December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 5 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 408 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 1 895–912 895–912 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 3 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 4 Arther Arther NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 5 Ferrill Ferrill NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 7 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 13 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 14 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 15 Explanation Explanation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 16 0500274959 0500274959 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 18 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 409 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 410 1 Adrian Adrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 410 2 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 410 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 1 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 2 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 3 Fell Fell NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 5 Death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 8 Superpower(2009 Superpower(2009 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 10 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 11 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 13 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 16 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 19 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 22 Death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 25 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 26 Superpower Superpower NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 28 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 30 Guy Guy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 31 Halsall Halsall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 411 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 1 Barbarian Barbarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 2 Migrations Migrations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 6 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 8 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 9 U.P. U.P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 11 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 13 excerpt excerpt NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 15 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 16 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 17 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 18 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 412 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 3 Huns Huns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 6 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 12 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 19 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 20 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 21 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 413 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 414 1 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 414 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 414 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-7358 414 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 1 435 435 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 3 Feb. February NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 415 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 416 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 416 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 416 3 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 416 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 416 5 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 416 6 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 416 7 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 416 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 1 Empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 3 Barbarians Barbarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 6 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 11 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 15 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 19 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 22 734 734 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 23 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 25 Examines examine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 27 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 29 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 32 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 33 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 35 shaped shape VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 37 recognizable recognizable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 38 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 40 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 43 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 44 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 417 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 1 excerpt excerpt NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 3 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 4 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 5 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 7 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 10 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 16 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 20 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 22 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 24 515954 515954 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 26 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 28 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 30 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 33 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 34 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 38 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 40 Gibson Gibson NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 42 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 44 plus plus CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 45 incorporates incorporate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 46 latest late JJS en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 47 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 48 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 50 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 51 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 52 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 418 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 419 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 419 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 419 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 419 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 419 5 M. M. 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M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 6 Eckstein Eckstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 10 Return return NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 13 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 15 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 18 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 19 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 20 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 21 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 23 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 26 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 27 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 28 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 29 , , , 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en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 53 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 54 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 424 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 1 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 5 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 7 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 9 046715 046715 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 13 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 14 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 15 Library library JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 16 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 17 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 18 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 20 the the DT 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en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 222 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 223 Wine Wine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 224 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 225 Patricians Patricians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 226 Plebs plebs VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 227 Conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 228 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 229 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 230 Orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 231 Secessio Secessio NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 232 plebis plebi VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 233 Equites equite NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 234 Gens Gens NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 235 Tribes Tribes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 236 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 237 Naming Naming NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 238 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 239 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 240 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 241 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 242 Adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 243 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 244 Bagaudae Bagaudae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 245 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 246 Amphitheatres Amphitheatres NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 247 Aqueducts aqueduct VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 248 Bridges Bridges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 249 Circuses circuse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 250 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 251 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 252 Concrete concrete NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 253 Domes Domes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 254 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 255 Numerals Numerals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 256 Roads Roads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 257 Temples Temples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 258 Theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 259 Sanitation Sanitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 260 Thermae Thermae NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 261 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 262 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 263 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 264 Versions Versions NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 265 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 266 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 267 Vulgar Vulgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 268 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 269 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 270 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 271 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 272 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 273 Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 274 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 275 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 276 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 277 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 278 Aelius Aelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 279 Donatus Donatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 280 Ammianus Ammianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 281 Marcellinus Marcellinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 282 Appuleius Appuleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 283 Asconius Asconius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 284 Pedianus Pedianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 285 Augustine Augustine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 286 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 287 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 288 Ausonius Ausonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 289 Boëthius Boëthius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 290 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 291 Catullus Catullus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 292 Cassiodorus Cassiodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 293 Censorinus Censorinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 294 Cicero Cicero NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 295 Claudian Claudian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 296 Columella Columella NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 297 Cornelius Cornelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 298 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 299 Ennius Ennius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 300 Eutropius Eutropius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 301 Fabius Fabius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 302 Pictor Pictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 303 Sextus Sextus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 304 Pompeius Pompeius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 305 Festus Festus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 306 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 307 Festus Festus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 308 Florus Florus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 309 Frontinus Frontinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 310 Fronto Fronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 311 Fulgentius Fulgentius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 312 Gellius Gellius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 313 Horace Horace NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 314 Hydatius Hydatius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 315 Hyginus Hyginus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 316 Jerome Jerome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 317 Jordanes Jordanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 318 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 319 Paulus Paulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 320 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 321 Juvenal Juvenal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 322 Lactantius Lactantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 323 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 324 Lucan Lucan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 325 Lucretius Lucretius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 326 Macrobius Macrobius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 327 Marcellus Marcellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 328 Empiricus Empiricus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 329 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 330 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 331 Manilius Manilius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 332 Martial Martial NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 333 Nicolaus Nicolaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 334 Damascenus Damascenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 335 Nonius Nonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 336 Marcellus Marcellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 337 Obsequens Obsequens NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 338 Orosius Orosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 339 Ovid Ovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 340 Petronius Petronius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 341 Phaedrus Phaedrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 342 Plautus Plautus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 343 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 344 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 345 Elder Elder NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 346 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 347 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 348 Younger Younger NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 349 Pomponius Pomponius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 350 Mela Mela NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 351 Priscian Priscian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 352 Propertius Propertius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 353 Quadrigarius Quadrigarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 354 Quintilian Quintilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 355 Quintus Quintus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 356 Curtius Curtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 357 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 358 Sallust Sallust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 359 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 360 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 361 Elder eld JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 362 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 363 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 364 Younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 365 Servius Servius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 366 Sidonius Sidonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 367 Apollinaris Apollinaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 368 Silius Silius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 369 Italicus Italicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 370 Statius Statius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 371 Suetonius Suetonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 372 Symmachus Symmachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 373 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 374 Terence Terence NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 375 Tertullian Tertullian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 376 Tibullus Tibullus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 377 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 378 Antias Antias NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 379 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 380 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 381 Varro Varro NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 382 Velleius Velleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 383 Paterculus Paterculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 384 Verrius Verrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 385 Flaccus Flaccus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 386 Vergil Vergil NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 387 Vitruvius Vitruvius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 388 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 389 Aelian Aelian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 390 Aëtius Aëtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 391 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 392 Amida Amida NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 393 Appian appian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 394 Arrian arrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 395 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 396 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 397 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 398 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 399 Diogenes Diogenes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 400 Laërtius Laërtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 401 Dionysius Dionysius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 402 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 403 Halicarnassus Halicarnassus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 404 Dioscorides Dioscorides NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 405 Eusebius Eusebius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 406 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 407 Caesaria Caesaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 408 Galen Galen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 409 Herodian Herodian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 410 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 411 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 412 Libanius Libanius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 413 Lucian lucian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 414 Pausanias Pausanias NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 415 Philostratus Philostratus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 416 Phlegon Phlegon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 417 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 418 Tralles Tralles NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 419 Photius Photius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 420 Plutarch Plutarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 421 Polyaenus Polyaenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 422 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 423 Porphyrius Porphyrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 424 Priscus Priscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 425 Procopius Procopius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 426 Simplicius Simplicius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 427 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 428 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 429 Sozomen Sozomen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 430 Stephanus Stephanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 431 Byzantinus Byzantinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 432 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 433 Themistius Themistius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 434 Theodoret Theodoret NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 435 Zonaras Zonaras NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 436 Zosimus Zosimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 437 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 438 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 439 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 440 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 441 Aquileia Aquileia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 442 Berytus Berytus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 443 Bononia Bononia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 444 Carthage Carthage NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 445 Constantinopolis Constantinopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 446 Eboracum Eboracum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 447 Leptis Leptis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 448 Magna Magna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 449 Londinium Londinium NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 450 Lugdunum Lugdunum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 451 Lutetia Lutetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 452 Mediolanum Mediolanum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 453 Pompeii Pompeii NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 454 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 455 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 456 Smyrna Smyrna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 457 Vindobona Vindobona NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 458 Volubilis Volubilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 459 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 460 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 461 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 462 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 463 Cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 464 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 465 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 466 Climate Climate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 467 Consuls Consuls NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 468 Dictators dictator VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 469 Distinguished distinguish VBD en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 470 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 471 Dynasties Dynasties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 472 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 473 Generals Generals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 474 Gentes Gentes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 475 Geographers Geographers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 476 Institutions Institutions NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 477 Laws Laws NNPS 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VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 499 Fiction Fiction NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 500 Films Films NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 501 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 502 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 503 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 504 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 505 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 506 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 507 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 508 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 509 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 510 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 511 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 512 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 513 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 514 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 515 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_the_fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire&oldid=995713822 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_the_fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire&oldid=995713822 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 516 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 517 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 518 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 519 Fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 520 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 521 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 522 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 523 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 524 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 525 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 526 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 527 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 528 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 529 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 530 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 531 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 532 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 533 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 534 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 535 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 536 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 537 All all DT 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indefinitely RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 559 semi semi RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 560 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 561 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 562 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 563 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 564 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 565 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 566 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 567 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 568 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 569 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 570 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 571 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 572 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 573 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 574 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 575 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 576 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 577 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 578 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 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JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 600 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 601 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 602 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 603 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 604 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 605 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 606 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 607 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 608 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 609 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 610 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 611 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 612 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 613 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 614 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 615 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 616 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 617 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 618 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 619 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 620 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-7358 425 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Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-7358 426 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 427 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 428 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-7358 429 13 statement statement NN