id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 2 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 4 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 6 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 19 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 22 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 23 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 25 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 26 finance finance NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 27 Total total NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 28 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 29 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 30 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 31 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 33 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 34 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 37 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 38 Empire[1 empire[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 40 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 42 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 43 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 46 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 47 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 48 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 49 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 50 agrarian agrarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 52 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 53 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 55 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 57 commodities commodity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 58 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 59 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 60 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 62 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 1 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 4 Financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 5 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 7 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 8 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 10 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 13 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 14 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 16 extended extend VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 17 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 19 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 20 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 22 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 23 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 26 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 27 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 28 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 29 inter inter NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 30 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 31 family family JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 32 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 2 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 5 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 7 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 9 cash cash NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 10 shortfall shortfall NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 13 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 15 moneyers moneyer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 16 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 18 respond respond VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 20 coining coin VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 21 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 24 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 25 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 27 prolonged prolonged JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 28 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 31 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 32 Punic Punic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 33 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 36 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 37 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 38 distortion distortion NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 40 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 3 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 1 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 4 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 9 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 13 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 15 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 16 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 18 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 19 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 21 debts debt NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 25 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 26 banking banking NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 27 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 29 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 4 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 4 Emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 5 issued issue VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 6 coinage coinage NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 7 stamped stamp VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 10 portraits portrait NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 12 disseminate disseminate VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 13 propaganda propaganda NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 16 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 17 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 18 goodwill goodwill NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 22 symbolize symbolize VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 24 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 26 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 5 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 6 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 7 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 10 unstable unstable JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 12 inflated inflate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 14 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 16 Emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 18 issued issue VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 19 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 21 fund fund VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 22 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 24 profile profile NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 25 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 26 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 29 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 30 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 31 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 34 costly costly JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 35 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 36 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 37 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 38 opportunities opportunity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 40 propaganda propaganda NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 42 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 43 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 45 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 46 material material JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 47 gain gain NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 6 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 4 Solidus Solidus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 5 issued issue VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 7 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 13 reverse reverse NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 14 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 19 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 20 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 22 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 25 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 27 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 28 transforming transform VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 29 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 31 angel angel NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 32 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 33 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 34 rule[6 rule[6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 36 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 37 setup setup NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 40 banking banking NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 41 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 42 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 44 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 45 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 47 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 49 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 50 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 51 sums sum NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 52 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 54 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 55 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 57 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 59 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 60 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 61 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 62 fiat fiat NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 63 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 7 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 2 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 3 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 4 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 7 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 8 deposit deposit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 9 banker banker NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 11 argentarius argentarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 13 coactor coactor NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 14 argentarius argentarius NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 17 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 18 nummularius nummularius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 20 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 22 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 23 deposits deposit NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 26 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 28 indefinite indefinite JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 29 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 32 lent lend VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 33 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 35 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 36 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 8 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 4 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 6 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 8 exceeded exceed VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 10 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 11 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 13 borrowers borrower NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 15 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 16 loans loan NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 18 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 20 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 22 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 24 risky risky JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 25 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 9 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 5 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 8 senatorial senatorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 9 elite elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 11 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 12 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 14 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 15 lending lending NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 17 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 19 creditors creditor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 21 borrowers borrower NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 23 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 24 loans loan NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 27 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 28 fortunes fortune NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 31 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 33 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 34 connections connection NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 10 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 4 Banks bank NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 6 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 7 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 8 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 9 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 10 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 12 reserves reserve NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 15 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 16 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 18 customers customer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 19 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 20 deposits deposit NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 24 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 25 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 26 incentive incentive NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 28 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 30 customers customer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 31 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 32 deposits deposit NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 33 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 35 insured insure VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 38 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 41 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 42 run run NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 11 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 7 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 8 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 9 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 14 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 15 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 17 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 19 ideologies ideology NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 22 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 23 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 25 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 26 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 28 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 30 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 12 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 5 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 6 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 7 fiat fiat NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 8 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 9 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 11 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 12 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 14 fluctuate fluctuate VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 15 consistently consistently RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 13 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 4 Emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 7 Antonine Antonine NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 9 Severan Severan NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 10 dynasties dynasty NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 11 overall overall RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 12 debased debase VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 14 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 16 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 18 denarius denarius NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 20 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 22 pressures pressure NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 24 meeting meet VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 25 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 26 payrolls payroll NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 14 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 4 Sudden sudden JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 5 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 8 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 10 Commodus Commodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 11 damaged damage VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 13 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 14 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 15 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 6 mid-200s mid-200s NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 9 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 11 specie specie NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 12 contracted contract VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 13 sharply sharply RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 16 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 4 Conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 7 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 10 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 11 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 12 — — : en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 15 reductions reduction NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 17 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 19 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 20 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 22 disruption disruption NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 24 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 25 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 29 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 30 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 32 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 33 coinage coinage NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 34 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 36 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 38 invading invade VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 39 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 40 — — : en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 41 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 42 diminished diminish VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 44 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 45 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 48 banking banking NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 49 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 52 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 53 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 17 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 6 coinage coinage NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 8 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 10 fiat fiat NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 11 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 13 fiduciary fiduciary JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 14 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 16 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 18 anxieties anxiety NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 19 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 22 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 23 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 24 Aurelian Aurelian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 27 bankers banker NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 28 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 29 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 31 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 32 legitimately legitimately RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 33 issued issue VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 36 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 37 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 18 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 2 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 4 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 7 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 8 solidus solidus JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 10 monetary monetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 11 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 14 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 15 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 19 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 20 recovered recover VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 22 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 23 robustness robustness NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 19 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 4 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 6 Mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 8 metallurgy metallurgy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 10 Transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 12 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 13 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 14 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 16 commodities commodity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 17 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 18 Labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 20 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 21 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 22 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 24 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 25 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 26 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 27 Regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 28 breakdown breakdown NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 29 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 30 Taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 31 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 32 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 33 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 34 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 35 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 36 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 37 crises crisis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 38 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 39 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 40 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 41 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 43 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 44 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 45 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 46 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 47 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 48 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 49 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 51 references reference VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 52 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 53 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 54 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 55 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 56 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 57 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 58 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 59 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 60 Mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 62 metallurgy[edit metallurgy[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 63 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 64 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 65 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 66 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 67 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 68 metallurgy metallurgy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 69 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 70 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 71 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 72 Mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 73 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 74 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 75 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 76 Landscape Landscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 77 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 78 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 80 ruina ruina NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 81 montium montium NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 82 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 83 technique technique NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 84 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 85 Las Las NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 86 Médulas Médulas NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 88 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 89 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 91 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 92 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 93 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 94 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 95 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 96 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 97 mines mine NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 98 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 99 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 100 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 101 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 102 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 103 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 104 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 105 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 106 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 107 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 108 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 109 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 110 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 111 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 112 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 113 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 114 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 115 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 116 copper copper NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 117 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 118 tin tin NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 119 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 120 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 121 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 122 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 123 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 124 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 125 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 126 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 127 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 129 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 130 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 131 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 132 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 133 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 134 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 135 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 136 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 137 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 138 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 139 tin tin NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 140 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 141 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 142 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 143 Danubian danubian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 144 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 145 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 146 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 147 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 148 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 149 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 150 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 151 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 152 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 153 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 154 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 155 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 156 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 157 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 158 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 159 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 160 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 161 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 162 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 163 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 164 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 165 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 166 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 167 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 168 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 169 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 170 tin tin NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 171 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 20 172 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 1 Intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 2 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 4 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 5 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 8 alluvial alluvial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 9 deposits deposit NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 13 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 15 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 17 cast cast NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 18 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 20 underground underground JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 21 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 22 — — : en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 23 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 24 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 27 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 29 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 30 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 33 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 34 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 35 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 36 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 38 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 40 instability instability NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 43 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 44 disrupted disrupt VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 45 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 21 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 2 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 3 mines mine NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 5 Dacia Dacia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 8 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 11 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 12 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 13 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 16 exploitation exploitation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 19 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 21 surrendered surrender VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 23 271 271 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 22 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 1 Mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 2 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 5 resumed resume VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 8 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 11 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 23 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 4 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 5 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 7 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 9 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 11 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 12 ice ice NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 13 cores core NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 15 peaked peak VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 18 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 20 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 23 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 24 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 25 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 24 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 4 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 5 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 6 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 7 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 8 surpass surpass VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 10 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 13 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 16 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 25 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 1 Hydraulic hydraulic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 2 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 4 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 5 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 6 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 9 ruina ruina NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 10 montium montium NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 13 ruin ruin NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 16 mountains mountain NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 20 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 21 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 23 precious precious JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 24 metals metal NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 27 extracted extract VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 30 proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 32 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 33 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 26 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 5 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 6 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 7 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 8 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 10 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 12 82,500 82,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 14 tonnes tonne NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 27 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 4 Copper copper NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 6 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 9 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 10 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 12 15,000 15,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 14 t,[18 t,[18 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 17 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 19 80,000 80,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 21 t,[19 t,[19 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 23 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 24 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 25 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 26 unmatched unmatched JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 27 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 29 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 30 Revolution;[20 Revolution;[20 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 32 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 33 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 34 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 36 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 37 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 38 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 40 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 41 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 42 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 28 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 2 21 21 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 5 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 6 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 7 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 12 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 14 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 15 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 16 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 18 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 19 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 21 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 22 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 23 annum annum FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 29 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 5 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 6 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 9 mid-2nd mid-2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 11 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 15 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 16 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 18 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 20 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 22 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 24 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 26 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 27 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 28 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 29 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 31 combined combined JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 32 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 33 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 35 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 36 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 39 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 40 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 41 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 42   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 43 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 30 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 6 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 9 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 12 metal metal NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 13 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 15 lead lead JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 16 pollution pollution NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 19 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 20 ice ice NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 21 sheet sheet NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 22 quadrupled quadruple VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 23 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 25 prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 26 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 27 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 29 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 30 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 33 dropped drop VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 34 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 35 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 31 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 5 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 7 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 8 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 10 hydraulic hydraulic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 11 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 13 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 14 hushing hush VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 16 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 18 sluicing sluicing NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 20 aided aid VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 23 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 26 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 28 plan plan VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 30 execute execute VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 31 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 32 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 35 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 36 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 38 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 39 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 40 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 42 precious precious JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 43 metals metal NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 45 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 46 extracted extract VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 47 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 49 proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 51 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 52 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 53 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 54 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 56 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 57 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 59 matched match VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 60 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 62 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 63 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 32 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 7 fuel fuel NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 9 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 11 smelting smelting NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 13 forging forge VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 14 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 16 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 17 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 19 heating heating NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 20 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 23 wood wood NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 25 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 26 charcoal charcoal NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 30 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 31 twice twice RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 32 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 33 efficient efficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 33 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 7 coal coal NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 9 mined mine VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 12 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 15 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 16 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 17 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 19 Almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 20 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 21 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 22 coalfields coalfield NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 25 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 27 exploited exploit VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 30 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 31 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 33 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 37 lively lively JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 38 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 39 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 41 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 42 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 43 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 44 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 45 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 47 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 48 extended extend VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 51 continental continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 52 Rhineland Rhineland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 54 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 55 bituminous bituminous JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 56 coal coal NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 57 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 58 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 59 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 60 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 62 smelting smelting NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 64 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 65 ore.[27 ore.[27 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 66 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 67 Annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 68 metal metal NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 69 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 70 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 71 metric metric JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 72 tons ton NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 73 Output output NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 74 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 75 annum annum DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 76 Comment Comment NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 77 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 78 82,500 82,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 79 t[28 t[28 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 80 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 81 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 82 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 83 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 84 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 85 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 86 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 87 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 88 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 89 kg kg NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 90 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 91 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 92 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 93 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 94 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 95 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 96 extrapolated extrapolate VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 97 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 98 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 99 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 100 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 101 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 102 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 103 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 104 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 105 empire[29 empire[29 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 106 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 107 Copper copper NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 108 15,000 15,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 109 t[30 t[30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 110 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 111 Largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 112 preindustrial preindustrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 113 producer[31 producer[31 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 114 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 115 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 116 80,000 80,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 117 t[32 t[32 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 118 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 119 Largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 120 preindustrial preindustrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 121 producer[33 producer[33 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 122 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 123 Silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 124 11,200 11,200 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 125 t[34 t[34 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 126 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 127 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 128 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 129 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 130 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 131 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 132 mid-2nd mid-2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 133 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 134 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 135 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 136 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 137 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 138 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 139 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 140 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 141 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 142 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 143 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 144 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 145 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 146 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 147 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 148 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 149 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 150 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 151 combined combined JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 152 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 153 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 154 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 155 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 156 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 157 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 158 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 159 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 160 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 161 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 162 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 34 163 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 4 Gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 5 11,119 11,119 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 6 t[36 t[36 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 8 Production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 10 Asturia Asturia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 12 Callaecia Callaecia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 15 Lusitania Lusitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 17 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 18 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 19 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 21 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 22 Transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 24 communication[edit communication[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 26 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 30 roads road NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 31 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 32 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 34 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 35 encircled encircle VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 37 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 40 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 41 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 43 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 44 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 47 mare mare NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 48 nostrum nostrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 35 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 5 sailing sailing NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 6 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 7 navigated navigate VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 9 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 10 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 11 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 14 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 15 rivers river NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 20 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 22 Guadalquivir Guadalquivir NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 24 Ebro Ebro NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 26 Rhône Rhône NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 28 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 30 Tiber Tiber NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 32 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 36 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 4 Transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 6 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 8 preferred prefer VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 9 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 10 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 13 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 14 commodities commodity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 19 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 37 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 4 Vehicles vehicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 6 wheels wheel NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 9 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 10 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 12 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 15 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 16 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 18 skilled skilled JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 19 woodworkers woodworker NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 38 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 4 Land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 5 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 6 utilized utilize VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 8 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 9 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 12 roads road NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 39 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 4 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 5 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 6 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 8 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 9 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 11 provision provision NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 13 personnel personnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 15 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 18 vehicles vehicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 21 cursus cursus NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 22 publicus publicus NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 26 mail mail NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 28 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 29 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 30 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 32 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 40 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 1 Relay relay NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 2 stations station NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 4 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 5 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 7 roads road NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 8 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 9 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 11 twelve twelve CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 13 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 16 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 18 grow grow VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 21 village village NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 23 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 24 post post NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 41 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 5 mansio mansio JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 7 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 8 mansiones mansione NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 12 privately privately RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 13 run run VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 14 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 15 station station NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 16 franchised franchise VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 19 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 20 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 23 cursus cursus NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 24 publicus publicus NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 42 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 2 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 3 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 5 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 7 facility facility NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 8 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 9 muleteers muleteer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 11 secretaries secretary NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 13 blacksmiths blacksmith NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 15 cartwrights cartwright NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 18 veterinarian veterinarian NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 22 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 23 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 24 police police NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 26 couriers courier NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 43 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 2 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 4 mansiones mansione NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 6 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 8 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 9 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 11 wagon wagon NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 12 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 13 travel travel VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 16 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 44 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 4 Mules Mules NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 7 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 12 pulling pull VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 13 carts cart NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 15 travelling travel VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 16 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 17 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 19 mph mph NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 45 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 9 pace pace NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 11 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 14 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 16 messenger messenger NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 18 minimum minimum NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 20 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 21 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 23 travel travel VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 25 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 27 Mainz Mainz NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 30 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 32 Germania Germania NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 33 Superior Superior NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 35 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 38 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 40 urgency urgency NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 46 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 8 mansiones mansione NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 11 taverns tavern NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 12 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 13 accommodations accommodation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 17 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 19 drink drink NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 22 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 23 tab tab NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 26 stay stay NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 27 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 28 charges charge NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 30 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 32 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 34 mule mule JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 35 feed feed NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 39 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 42 prostitute prostitute NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 47 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 4 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 6 commodities[edit commodities[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 8 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 12 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 14 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 16 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 17 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 19 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 22 Sino sino JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 25 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 26 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 27 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 28 glass glass NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 29 cup cup NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 30 unearthed unearth VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 33 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 34 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 35 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 37 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 38 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 39 220 220 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 40 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 42 tomb tomb NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 44 Guangxi Guangxi NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 46 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 47 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 49 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 50 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 51 glassware glassware NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 52 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 54 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 56 dating date VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 57 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 59 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 60 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 61 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 62 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 64 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 65 excavated excavate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 66 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 67 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 68 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 69 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 70 tomb tomb NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 73 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 74 port port NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 75 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 77 Guangzhou Guangzhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 79 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 80 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 81 arriving arrive VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 82 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 83 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 84 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 85 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 86 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 87 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 88 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 89 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 48 90 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 5 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 6 traded trade VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 7 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 8 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 11 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 12 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 13 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 15 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 17 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 19 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 20 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 22 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 24 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 49 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 6 commodity commodity NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 8 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 50 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 4 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 5 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 7 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 8 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 9 overland overland NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 11 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 12 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 13 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 15 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 16 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 18 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 19 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 21 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 24 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 26 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 28 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 29 ports port NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 32 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 33 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 51 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 2 traded trade VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 4 olive olive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 5 oil oil NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 8 foodstuffs foodstuff NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 10 garum garum NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 12 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 13 sauce sauce NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 16 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 18 ore ore NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 20 manufactured manufacture VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 21 metal metal NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 22 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 24 fibres fibre NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 26 textiles textile NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 28 timber timber NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 30 pottery pottery NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 32 glassware glassware NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 34 marble marble NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 36 papyrus papyru NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 38 spices spice NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 40 materia materia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 41 medica medica NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 43 ivory ivory NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 45 pearls pearl NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 48 gemstones gemstone NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 52 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 4 Though though IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 6 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 8 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 10 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 11 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 13 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 14 varietals varietal NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 16 desirable desirable JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 18 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 21 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 22 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 24 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 53 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 54 1 Shortages shortage NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 54 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 54 3 vin vin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 54 4 ordinaire ordinaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 54 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 54 6 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 54 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 6 suppliers supplier NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 9 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 14 west west JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 15 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 17 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 19 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 20 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 23 Tarraconensis Tarraconensis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 24 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 26 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 29 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 55 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 1 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 4 second second RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 6 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 7 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 9 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 10 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 12 Laodicea Laodicea NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 14 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 17 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 56 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 6 retail retail JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 7 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 9 taverns tavern NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 11 specialty specialty NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 12 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 13 shops shop NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 15 vinaria vinaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 17 sold sell VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 18 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 21 jug jug NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 23 carryout carryout NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 27 drink drink NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 29 premises premise NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 32 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 33 ranges range NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 34 reflecting reflect VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 35 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 57 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 4 Trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 10 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 13 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 15 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 17 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 20 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 58 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 1 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 2 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 4 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 6 intense intense JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 7 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 9 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 10 spending spending NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 12 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 13 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 15 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 18 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 20 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 21 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 22 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 24 opening open VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 25 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 26 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 27 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 29 overseas overseas JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 30 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 33 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 35 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 38 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 59 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 5 dominated dominate VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 6 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 8 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 11 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 14 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 22 advance advance VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 25 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 27 manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 28 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 60 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 5 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 6 threatened threaten VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 8 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 9 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 11 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 12 industries industry NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 14 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 15 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 16 about about RP en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 22 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 23 standing standing NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 26 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 29 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 32 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 35 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 61 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 1 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 4 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 6 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 8 thrive thrive VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 12 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 13 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 14 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 15 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 18 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 19 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 21 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 24 boom boom NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 26 tempered temper VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 29 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 31 conducting conduct VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 32 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 33 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 34 drastically drastically RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 62 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 3 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 6 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 7 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 9 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 10 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 12 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 14 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 16 Rome,[52 Rome,[52 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 18 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 20 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 23 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 24 everyday everyday JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 25 commodities commodity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 26 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 28 decline decline VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 63 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 1 Trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 2 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 5 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 6 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 10 luxurious luxurious JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 11 commodities commodity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 13 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 14 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 16 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 18 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 19 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 22 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 64 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 4 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 5 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 8 incredibly incredibly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 9 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 12 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 14 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 18 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 22 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 23 traded trade VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 24 commodities commodity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 27 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 29 oil oil NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 31 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 33 salt salt NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 35 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 38 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 40 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 41 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 44 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 65 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 2 52][38 52][38 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 5 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 6 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 7 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 9 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 11 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 12 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 14 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 17 respective respective JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 18 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 23 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 27 cease cease VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 30 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 32 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 33 put put VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 35 dent dent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 38 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 41 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 42 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 44 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 45 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 46 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 48 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 49 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 51 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 52 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 53 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 55 superfluously superfluously RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 56 resourced resource VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 57 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 58 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 66 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 4 Compounded compound VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 7 inability inability NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 9 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 10 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 11 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 12 advancements advancement NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 14 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 15 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 18 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 20 evolving evolve VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 21 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 23 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 24 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 25 hindered hinder VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 26 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 27 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 29 limited limit VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 31 array array NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 33 commodities commodity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 35 harmed harm VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 37 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 67 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 1 Labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 3 occupations[edit occupations[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 5 Workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 8 cloth cloth NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 10 processing process VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 11 shop shop NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 15 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 18 fullonica fullonica NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 20 Veranius Veranius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 21 Hypsaeus Hypsaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 23 Pompeii Pompeii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 24 Inscriptions Inscriptions NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 25 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 26 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 27 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 28 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 31 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 33 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 36 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 38 Pompeii Pompeii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 68 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 4 Professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 5 associations association NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 7 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 8 guilds guild NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 10 collegia collegia NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 13 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 16 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 17 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 19 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 22 fishermen fisherman NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 24 piscatores piscatore NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 27 salt salt NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 28 merchants merchant NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 30 salinatores salinatore NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 33 olive olive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 34 oil oil NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 35 dealers dealer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 37 olivarii olivarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 40 entertainers entertainer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 42 scaenici scaenici NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 45 cattle cattle VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 46 dealers dealer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 48 pecuarii pecuarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 51 goldsmiths goldsmith NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 53 aurifices aurifice NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 56 teamsters teamsters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 58 asinarii asinarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 59 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 60 muliones mulione NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 64 stonecutters stonecutter NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 66 lapidarii lapidarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 69 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 6 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 7 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 8 specialized specialized JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 11 collegium collegium NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 15 strictly strictly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 16 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 18 craftsmen craftsman NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 20 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 22 ivory ivory NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 24 citrus citrus JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 25 wood wood NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 70 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 4 Work work NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 5 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 7 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 8 falls fall VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 10 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 11 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 12 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 14 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 17 epitaphs epitaph NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 18 recording record VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 19 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 20 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 21 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 22 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 23 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 24 jobs job NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 25 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 26 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 28 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 29 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 31 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 32 crafts craft NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 34 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 36 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 39 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 71 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 4 Convicts convict NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 5 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 6 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 9 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 12 mines mine NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 14 quarries quarry NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 16 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 17 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 19 notoriously notoriously RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 20 brutal brutal JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 72 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 5 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 9 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 10 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 12 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 14 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 16 free,[58 free,[58 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 20 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 22 illiterate illiterate JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 24 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 25 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 26 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 73 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 5 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 8 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 9 labourers labourer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 11 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 13 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 17 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 18 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 20 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 21 farming farming NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 23 latifundia latifundia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 26 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 27 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 28 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 29 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 30 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 31 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 34 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 36 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 38 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 39 farm farm NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 40 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 41 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 42 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 43 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 44 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 45 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 46 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 47 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 49 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 50 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 52 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 53 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 54 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 55 technically technically RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 56 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 57 enslaved enslave VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 74 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 4 Textile textile NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 6 clothing clothing NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 7 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 10 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 11 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 13 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 75 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 2 textiles textile NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 4 finished finished JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 5 garments garment NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 7 traded trade VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 8 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 10 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 15 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 16 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 18 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 19 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 24 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 25 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 27 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 28 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 30 fashion fashion NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 32 label label NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 76 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 4 Better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 5 ready ready JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 9 wear wear NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 11 exported export VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 13 businessmen businessman NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 15 negotiatores negotiatore NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 17 mercatores mercatore NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 21 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 26 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 27 residents resident NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 30 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 31 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 77 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 4 Finished finish VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 5 garments garment NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 6 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 8 retailed retail VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 11 sales sale NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 12 agents agent NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 15 travelled travel VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 17 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 18 customers customer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 22 vestiarii vestiarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 24 clothing clothing NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 25 dealers dealer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 28 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 29 freedmen freedman NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 33 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 35 peddled peddle VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 37 itinerant itinerant JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 38 merchants merchant NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 78 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 7 textile textile JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 8 producers producer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 9 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 10 run run VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 11 prosperous prosperous JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 12 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 13 businesses business NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 14 employing employ VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 15 apprentices apprentice NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 17 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 18 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 19 earning earn VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 20 wages wage NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 23 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 79 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 5 fullers fuller NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 7 fullones fullones NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 10 dye dye NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 11 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 13 coloratores coloratore NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 17 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 18 guilds guild NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 80 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 4 Centonarii Centonarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 6 guild guild NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 7 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 9 specialized specialize VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 11 textile textile JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 12 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 15 recycling recycling NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 17 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 18 clothes clothe NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 20 pieced piece VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 21 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 81 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 4 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 6 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 7 distribution[edit distribution[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 9 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 10 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 13 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 14 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 16 Gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 17 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 18 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 19 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 20 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 21 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 24 calculations calculation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 27 gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 28 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 29 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 32 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 33 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 34 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 36 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 82 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 2 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 6 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 7 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 9 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 11 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 14 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 15 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 17 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 19 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 20 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 21 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 22 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 24 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 26 380 380 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 27 sestertii sestertii NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 83 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 2 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 3 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 4 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 6 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 8 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 10 40[66 40[66 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 13 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 14 percent[67 percent[67 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 16 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 17 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 20 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 25 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 28 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 29 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 30 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 32 urbanization urbanization NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 34 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 36 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 37 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 39 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 40 transfers transfer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 43 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 46 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 48 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 49 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 52 heartland heartland NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 84 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 3 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 5 Friesen Friesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 6 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 7 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 10 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 11 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 12 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 13 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 18 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 20 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 21 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 22 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 23 sestertii sestertii NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 26 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 27 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 28 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 29 extracted extract VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 31 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 33 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 34 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 85 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 1 Households household NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 4 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 5 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 6 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 8 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 9 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 10 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 11 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 12 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 13 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 15 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 86 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 3 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 4 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 6 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 8 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 15 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 18 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 19 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 20 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 21 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 87 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 2 remaining remaining JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 4 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 5 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 7 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 8 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 10 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 13 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 14 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 17 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 18 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 19 subsistence subsistence NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 88 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 4 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 5 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 6 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 7 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 8 stress stress VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 10 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 12 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 13 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 15 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 17 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 20 rough rough JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 21 approximation approximation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 24 realities reality NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 27 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 28 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 30 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 32 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 33 paucity paucity NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 35 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 36 pertinent pertinent JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 37 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 89 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 1 Estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 4 per per FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 6 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 8 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 9 GDP[A GDP[A NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 11 Unit Unit NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 12 Goldsmith Goldsmith NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 13 1984[69 1984[69 , en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 15 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 16 1995/96[70 1995/96[70 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 18 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 19 2006[71 2006[71 . en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 21 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 22 2007[72 2007[72 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 24 Bang Bang NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 25 2008[73 2008[73 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 27 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 28 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 29 Friesen Friesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 30 2009[74 2009[74 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 32 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 34 Cascio Cascio NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 35 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 36 Malanima Malanima NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 37 2009[66 2009[66 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 39 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 40 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 41 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 43 Sestertii Sestertii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 44 380 380 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 45 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 46 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 47 380 380 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 48 229 229 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 49 260 260 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 50 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 51 Wheat wheat NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 52 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 54 kg kg NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 56 843 843 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 57 491 491 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 58 614 614 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 59 843 843 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 60 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 61 680 680 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 62 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 63 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 64 dollars dollar NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 65 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 66 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 67 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 68 1,115 1,115 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 69 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 70 1,213 1,213 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 71 1,840 1,840 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 72 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 74 Approx Approx NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 90 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 1 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 3 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 4 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 6 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 7 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 9 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 10 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 12 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 13 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 15 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 16 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 18 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 19 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 21 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 22 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 24 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 25 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 27 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 28 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 30 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 31 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 33 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 34 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 36 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 37 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 39 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 41 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 42 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 44 Total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 45 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 47 Sestertii Sestertii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 48 20.9 20.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 49 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 50 13.5 13.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 51 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 52 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 53 16.7 16.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 54 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 55 13.7 13.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 56 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 57 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 58 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 59 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 60 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 61 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 62 Wheat wheat NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 63 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 65 Mt Mt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 67 46.4 46.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 68 29.5 29.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 69 33.8 33.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 70 37.1 37.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 71 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 72 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 73 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 74 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 75 dollars dollar NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 76 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 77 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 78 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 79 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 80 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 81 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 82 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 83 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 84 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 85 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 86 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 87 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 88 – – : en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 89 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 90 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 91 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 92 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 91 93 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 3 Decimal Decimal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 4 fractions fraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 5 rounded round VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 8 nearest near JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 9 tenth tenth NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 92 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 1 Italic italic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 2 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 4 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 5 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 8 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 10 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 12 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 14 multiplying multiply VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 16 respective respective JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 17 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 19 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 20 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 21 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 23 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 24 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 25 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 93 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 1 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 2 breakdown[edit breakdown[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 4 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 6 breakdown breakdown NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 7 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 8 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 11 AD)[75 AD)[75 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 13 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 14 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 16 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 18 NDI NDI NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 19 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 20 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 22 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 23 dollars dollar NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 25 Total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 26 NDI NDI NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 28 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 30 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 31 dollars dollar NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 33 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 34 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 36 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 37 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 39 23,100 23,100 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 40 1,160 1,160 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 41 26,789 26,789 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 42 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 43 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 45 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 46 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 48 16,100 16,100 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 49 935 935 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 50 15,047 15,047 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 51 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 52 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 53 12,200 12,200 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 54 1,076 1,076 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 55 13,131 13,131 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 56 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 57 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 58 8,700 8,700 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 59 1,059 1,059 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 60 9,217 9,217 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 61 Total Total NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 62 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 63 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 64 44,000 44,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 65 1,115 1,115 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 66 49,137 49,137 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 67 Angus Angus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 68 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 69 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 71 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 72 economist economist NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 73 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 74 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 75 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 76 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 77 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 78 breakdown breakdown NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 81 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 82 disposable disposable JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 83 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 84 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 85 NDI NDI NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 86 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 87 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 88 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 89 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 90 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 91 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 92 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 93 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 94 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 94 95 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 3 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 4 provisional provisional JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 6 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 9 right right RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 11 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 14 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 16 count count NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 20 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 22 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 23 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 24 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 27 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 30 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 32 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 34 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 35 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 95 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 1 Italia italia NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 3 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 8 richest rich JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 9 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 11 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 13 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 14 transfers transfer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 17 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 20 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 22 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 23 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 26 heartland heartland NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 28 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 29 NDI NDI NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 30 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 31 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 33 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 35 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 36 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 37 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 38 40%[66 40%[66 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 41 66%[67 66%[67 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 43 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 44 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 47 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 50 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 96 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 1 Besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 2 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 5 wealthiest wealthy JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 6 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 11 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 13 NDI NDI NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 14 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 15 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 97 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 5 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 6 NDI NDI NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 7 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 8 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 10 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 14 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 16 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 17 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 18 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 19 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 21 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 24 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 28 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 30 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 31 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 33 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 34 NDI ndi NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 35 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 36 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 37 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 39 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 41 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 42 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 98 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 5 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 6 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 7 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 9 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 11 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 12 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 14 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 16 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 19 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 20 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 21 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 22 wealthier wealthy JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 25 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 26 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 28 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 29 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 30 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 33 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 34 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 35 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 36 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 37 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 38 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 39 wealthier wealthy JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 99 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 3 Italia Italia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 5 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 8 administered administer VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 11 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 13 enjoyed enjoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 15 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 16 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 17 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 18 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 19 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 20 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 23 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 100 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 4 Taxation[edit taxation[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 6 Taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 9 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 10 amounted amount VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 12 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 13 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 14 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 19 gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 20 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 101 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 5 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 6 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 7 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 8 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 10 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 11 ranged range VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 13 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 15 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 16 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 102 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 5 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 6 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 9 bewildering bewilder VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 13 complicated complicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 14 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 16 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 18 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 19 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 21 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 22 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 24 cash cash NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 28 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 103 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 1 Taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 2 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 4 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 7 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 10 kinds kind NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 12 properties property NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 15 fisheries fishery NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 17 salt salt NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 18 evaporation evaporation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 19 ponds pond NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 22 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 25 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 28 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 29 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 104 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 4 Tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 5 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 7 justified justify VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 10 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 12 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 14 military,[81][82 military,[81][82 NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 17 taxpayers taxpayer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 18 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 19 got get VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 21 refund refund NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 22 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 24 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 25 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 27 surplus surplus NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 29 booty booty NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 105 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 6 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 7 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 9 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 11 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 13 monetized monetize VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 14 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 16 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 17 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 19 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 20 supply supply VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 21 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 23 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 25 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 26 camps camp NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 106 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 4 Personification Personification NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 7 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 8 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 11 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 15 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 17 Serapis Serapis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 19 Isis Isis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 21 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 23 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 25 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 28 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 29 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 31 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 32 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 33 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 35 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 37 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 38 paid pay VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 40 poll poll NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 41 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 44 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 45 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 47 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 49 construed construe VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 52 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 53 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 54 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 55 produce produce NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 56 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 57 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 58 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 107 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 4 Supplemental supplemental JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 5 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 6 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 8 filed file VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 10 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 11 eligible eligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 13 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 14 exemptions exemption NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 17 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 19 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 20 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 21 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 22 register register VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 23 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 25 fallow fallow NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 27 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 29 exempt exempt JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 30 depending depending NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 32 flood flood NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 33 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 36 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 108 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 4 Tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 5 obligations obligation NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 7 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 10 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 13 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 14 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 15 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 17 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 19 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 20 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 22 presiding preside VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 23 official official NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 25 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 27 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 28 count count NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 30 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 31 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 33 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 34 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 36 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 37 accounting accounting NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 39 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 40 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 41 owned own VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 42 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 43 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 44 suitable suitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 46 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 47 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 48 habitation habitation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 109 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 6 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 8 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 10 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 11 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 14 portoria portoria NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 16 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 18 tolls toll NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 20 imports import NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 22 exports export NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 24 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 26 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 110 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 4 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 5 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 7 levied levy VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 10 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 11 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 111 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 1 Towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 6 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 8 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 9 instituted institute VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 12 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 13 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 16 sale sale NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 18 slaves,[86 slaves,[86 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 21 Nero Nero NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 22 shifted shift VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 25 purchaser purchaser NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 28 dealers dealer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 31 responded respond VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 33 raising raise VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 35 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 112 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 5 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 7 manumitted manumit VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 9 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 10 paid pay VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 13 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 14 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 17 calculated calculate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 19 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 20 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 22 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 113 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 5 inheritance inheritance NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 6 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 8 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 9 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 11 assessed assess VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 12 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 14 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 15 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 17 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 18 net net JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 19 worth worth JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 20 left left JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 21 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 23 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 25 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 28 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 29 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 114 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 1 Revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 4 estate estate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 5 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 11 sales sale NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 12 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 14 auctions auction NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 15 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 16 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 18 veterans veteran NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 19 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 20 pension pension NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 21 fund fund NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 23 aerarium aerarium NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 24 militare militare NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 115 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 4 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 5 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 6 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 9 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 10 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 12 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 15 equalled equal VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 17 exceeded exceed VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 19 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 22 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 23 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 116 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 2 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 3 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 4 replenished replenish VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 6 treasury treasury NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 8 confiscating confiscate VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 10 estates estate NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 14 super super JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 16 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 22 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 23 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 26 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 29 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 31 paying pay VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 32 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 34 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 37 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 38 contributing contribute VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 41 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 44 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 117 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 4 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 5 revenues[edit revenues[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 7 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 9 conclusion conclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 12 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 13 Mithridatic Mithridatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 14 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 16 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 20 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 21 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 22 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 23 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 25 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 27 Pontus Pontus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 29 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 31 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 33 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 37 island island NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 39 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 40 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 41 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 42 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 43 dominion dominion NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 45 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 46 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 48 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 50 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 52 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 53 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 55 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 56 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 118 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 6 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 7 Plutarch Plutarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 8 records record VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 10 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 11 Pompey Pompey NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 13 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 15 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 18 renowned renowned JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 19 conqueror conqueror NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 22 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 24 tablets tablet NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 26 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 27 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 29 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 30 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 31 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 32 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 34 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 35 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 36 denarii denarii NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 38 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 39 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 42 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 44 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 45 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 46 340 340 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 47 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 48 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 49 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 50 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 51 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 52 levied levy VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 119 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 4 Yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 7 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 8 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 10 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 13 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 15 budget budget NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 18 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 19 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 21 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 22 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 120 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 2 Cicero Cicero NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 4 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 5 related relate VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 6 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 9 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 12 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 14 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 15 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 16 Auletes Auletes NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 18 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 19 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 20 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 21 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 24 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 25 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 27 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 28 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 30 12,500 12,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 31 talents talent NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 34 equivalent equivalent NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 36 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 37 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 38 denarii denarii NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 41 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 42 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 43 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 121 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 4 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 9 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 14 Final Final NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 15 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 19 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 21 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 22 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 23 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 24 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 27 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 29 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 30 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 32 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 33 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 35 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 36 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 37 readily readily RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 38 assume assume VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 40 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 41 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 43 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 44 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 45 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 46 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 122 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 2 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 3 garnered garner VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 7 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 9 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 11 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 12 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 14 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 16 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 17 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 18 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 19 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 20 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 21 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 25 coffers coffer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 26 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 27 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 28 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 30 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 31 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 34 mere mere JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 35 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 36 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 37 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 123 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 4 Yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 7 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 9 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 10 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 12 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 15 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 17 levy levy VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 19 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 124 21 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 1 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 2 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 3 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 7 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 9 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 11 bringing bring VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 13 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 14 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 16 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 17 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 18 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 20 420 420 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 21 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 24 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 25 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 26 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 28 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 29 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 30 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 32 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 33 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 35 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 38 340 340 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 39 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 40 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 41 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 42 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 43 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 125 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 5 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 8 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 11 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 12 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 13 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 14 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 15 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 16 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 17 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 19 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 20 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 22 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 24 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 26 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 27 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 28 generated generate VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 29 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 30 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 31 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 32 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 126 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 4 Gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 5 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 9 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 11 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 14 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 15 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 16 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 17 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 18 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 19 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 20 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 21 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 22 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 127 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 6 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 8 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 11 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 12 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 14 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 15 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 16 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 18 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 19 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 20 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 23 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 24 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 25 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 27 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 29 silk silk NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 31 spice spice NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 32 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 35 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 36 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 37 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 38 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 40 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 42 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 43 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 45 garner garner VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 46 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 47 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 48 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 50 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 51 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 53 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 54 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 128 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 4 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 7 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 13 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 15 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 16 fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 18 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 20 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 22 500,000 500,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 23 down down IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 25 300,000 300,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 26 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 28 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 29 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 31 auxiliaries auxiliary NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 34 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 35 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 36 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 37 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 38 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 39 spent spend VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 40 640 640 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 41 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 42 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 43 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 44 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 45 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 46 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 47 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 48 annum annum FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 50 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 51 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 52 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 53 expenses expense NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 54 hovering hover VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 55 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 56 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 57 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 129 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 2 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 4 Raoul Raoul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 5 McLaughlin McLaughlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 6 stresses stress VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 9 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 10 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 12 international international NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 13 commerce commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 14 thrived thrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 19 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 20 meet meet VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 21 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 22 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 24 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 25 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 26 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 130 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 3 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 6 further furth JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 7 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 8 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 9 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 12 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 14 gathered gather VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 16 taxing tax VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 19 exported export VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 20 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 21 loaded load VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 23 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 24 destined destine VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 26 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 28 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 30 worth worth JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 31 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 32 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 33 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 35 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 131 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 4 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 5 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 6 crises[edit crises[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 9 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 10 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 12 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 13 A.D.[edit A.D.[edit , en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 16 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 17 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 19 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 20 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 22 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 23 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 26 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 28 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 30 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 31 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 33 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 35 limit limit VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 37 aristocrats aristocrat NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 38 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 39 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 41 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 43 ownership ownership NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 46 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 48 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 50 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 51 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 52 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 53 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 55 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 56 expenditures expenditure NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 132 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 1 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 2 engaged engage VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 4 lavish lavish JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 5 spending spending NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 8 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 10 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 11 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 14 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 15 encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 17 ownership ownership NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 19 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 21 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 22 estate estate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 133 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 2 95][96 95][96 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 4 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 5 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 7 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 8 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 9 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 10 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 11 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 13 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 15 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 134 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 6 aggressively aggressively RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 7 engaged engage VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 10 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 11 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 13 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 16 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 17 estate estate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 19 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 20 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 23 engaged engage VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 25 riskier risky JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 27 riskier risky JJR en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 28 loans loan NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 135 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 4 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 7 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 9 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 11 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 12 estate estate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 13 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 14 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 15 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 17 benefitting benefit VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 19 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 21 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 22 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 24 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 25 friends friend NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 27 owned own VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 28 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 29 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 31 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 33 invested invest VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 34 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 36 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 37 estate estate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 136 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 4 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 5 noticed notice VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 7 collusion collusion NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 10 looked look VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 12 curb curb VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 14 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 19 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 21 elites elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 22 owned own VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 25 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 27 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 29 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 30 inflating inflate VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 31 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 32 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 137 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 2 engaged engage VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 4 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 5 austerity austerity NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 6 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 9 ordering order VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 12 loans loan NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 14 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 15 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 16 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 19 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 20 confiscating confiscate VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 21 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 24 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 25 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 27 owners owner NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 138 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 5 restricting restrict VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 6 loans loan NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 8 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 9 purchasing purchasing NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 13 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 15 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 16 loans loan NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 18 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 20 debtors debtor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 22 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 24 sell sell VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 25 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 27 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 29 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 30 estate estate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 33 drastically drastically RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 34 dropped drop VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 35 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 36 estate estate NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 38 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 39 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 139 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 4 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 5 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 6 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 7 restriction restriction NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 8 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 11 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 13 passing pass VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 15 resolution resolution NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 18 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 20 invest invest VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 22 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 23 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 25 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 26 deflation deflation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 27 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 29 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 30 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 32 collapse collapse VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 140 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 2 95][96 95][96 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 4 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 5 stem stem VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 7 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 8 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 9 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 11 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 12 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 14 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 16 zero zero CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 17 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 19 stemmed stem VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 21 tide tide NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 23 bankruptcies bankruptcy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 25 steadied steady VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 26 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 27 lending lending NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 141 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 5 also[edit also[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 7 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 8 sectors sector NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 9 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 11 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 14 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 16 finance finance NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 17 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 19 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 20 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 21 Provinces Provinces NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 22 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 23 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 25 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 26 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 28 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 29 Related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 30 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 31 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 32 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 33 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 34 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 35 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 36 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 38 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 39 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 40 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 42 references[edit references[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 43 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 44 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 46 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 47 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 48 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 49 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 51 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 53 Per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 54 Capita Capita NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 55 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 57 1–f 1–f CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 58 > > NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 59 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 142 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 143 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 143 2 Garnsey Garnsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 143 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 143 4 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 143 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 143 6 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 143 7 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 143 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 5 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 7 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 9 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 144 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 1 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 3 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 7 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 10 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 12 www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt9qh25h www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt9qh25h CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 145 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 146 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 146 2 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 146 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 146 4 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 146 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 1 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 2 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 3 Intermediation Intermediation NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 8 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 10 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 12 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 14 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 15 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 17 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 147 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 148 1 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 148 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 148 3 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 148 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 149 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 149 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 149 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 149 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 149 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 149 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 150 1 705–733 705–733 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 150 2 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 150 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 150 4 www.jstor.org/stable/3874817 www.jstor.org/stable/3874817 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 150 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 6 Andreau Andreau NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 8 Banking Banking NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 10 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 14 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 17 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 19 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 23 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 25 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 26 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 29 n.p n.p NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 151 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 2 Bond Bond NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 4 Shelagh Shelagh NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 7 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 152 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 3 Coinage Coinage NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 153 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 154 1 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 154 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 154 3 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 154 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 155 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 155 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 155 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 155 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 155 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 155 6 149–159 149–159 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 155 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 156 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 156 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 156 3 S001738350001593X. s001738350001593x. CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 157 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 157 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 157 3 642136 642136 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 157 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 2 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 3 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 4 Fears Fears NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 8 Theology Theology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 10 Victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 14 Approaches Approaches NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 16 Problem Problem NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 19 Aufstieg Aufstieg NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 20 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 21 Niedergang Niedergang NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 22 der der VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 23 römischen römischen RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 24 Welt Welt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 25 II.17.2 II.17.2 , en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 27 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 30 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 158 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 1 752 752 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 3 824 824 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 8 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 9 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 13 Cult Cult NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 15 Virtues Virtues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 18 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 19 Ideology Ideology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 22 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 23 908 908 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 159 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 2 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 3 Andreau Andreau NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 5 Banking Banking NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 7 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 13 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 14 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 15 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 17 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 21 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 160 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 5 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 9 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 12 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 17 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 18 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 21 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 23 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 25 n.p n.p NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 161 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 2 name=":18">David name=":18">David NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 3 Kessler Kessler NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 5 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 6 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 9 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 11 Prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 14 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 16 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 21 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 22 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 25 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 27 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 31 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 32 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 35 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 37 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 39 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 40 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 41 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 43 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 46 n.p n.p NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 162 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 163 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 163 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 163 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 163 4 W.V. W.V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 1 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 5 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 8 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 13 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 14 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 17 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 19 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 21 n.p n.p NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 164 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 2 Harl Harl NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 4 Coinage Coinage NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 8 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 10 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 165 11 B.C. 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 168 3 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 168 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 168 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 168 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 169 1 128–129 128–129 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 169 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 2 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 6 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 9 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 14 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 15 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 18 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 20 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 22 n.p n.p NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 170 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 2 Harl Harl NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 4 Coinage Coinage NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 8 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 10 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 171 11 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 172 1 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 172 2 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 172 3 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 172 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 172 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 172 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 173 1 128–129 128–129 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 173 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 3 Mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 7 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 8 Antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 10 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 11 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 14 Postclassical Postclassical NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 15 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 17 579 579 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 174 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 2 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 4 Sungmin Sungmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 6 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 8 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 10 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 12 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 14 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 15 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 17 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 19 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 20 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 22 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 175 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 2 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 3 Ice Ice NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 4 Evidence Evidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 6 Hemispheric Hemispheric NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 7 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 8 Pollution Pollution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 9 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 10 Millennia Millennia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 11 Ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 13 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 16 Civilizations Civilizations NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 176 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 177 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 177 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 178 1 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 178 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 178 3 5180 5180 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 178 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 178 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 178 6 1841–1843 1841–1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 178 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 179 1 Bibcode:1994Sci Bibcode:1994Sci NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 179 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-6503 179 3 265.1841H. 265.1841h. CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 180 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 180 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 180 3 science.265.5180.1841 science.265.5180.1841 DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 180 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 181 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 181 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 181 3 17797222 17797222 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 181 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 182 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 182 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 182 3 45080402 45080402 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 182 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 4 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 10 Machines Machines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 12 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 15 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 16 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 20 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 22 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 23 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 25 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 183 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 184 1 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 184 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 184 3 pp pp ADD en-wikipedia-org-6503 184 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 1 1–32 1–32 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 3 17–21 17–21 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 5 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 7 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 9 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 10 Craddock Craddock NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 12 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 13 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 15 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 19 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 21 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 26 Oleson Oleson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 28 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 29 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 31 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 185 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 1 ): ): LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 4 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 6 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 8 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 11 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 12 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 14 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 15 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 16 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 20 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 22 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 24 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 26 518731 518731 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 28 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 30 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 31 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 33 Sim Sim NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 35 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 37 Ridge Ridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 39 Isabel Isabel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 41 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 44 Iron iron VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 47 Eagles Eagles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 186 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 2 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 3 Industry Industry NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 8 Tempus Tempus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 10 Stroud Stroud NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 12 Gloucestershire Gloucestershire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 14 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 16 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 18 7524 7524 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 20 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 22 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 24 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 25 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 27 Healy Healy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 29 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 30 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 32 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 35 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 37 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 40 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 42 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 43 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 45 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 47 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 49 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 51 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 52   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 53 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 55 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 56 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 57 40035 40035 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 58 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 59 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 61 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 62 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 187 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 1 Assumes assume VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 3 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 4 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 6 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 7 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 9 kg kg NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 10 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 11 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 188 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 1 Healy Healy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 6 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 9 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 11 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 14 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 17 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 19 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 21 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 23 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 25 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 27 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 29 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 31 40035 40035 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 33 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 35 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 36 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 37 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 38 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 40 Sungmin Sungmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 42 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 44 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 46 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 47 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 48 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 50 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 51 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 52 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 53 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 55 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 56 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 58 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 60 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 61 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 62 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 64 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 65 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 66 Smelting Smelting NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 67 Pollution Pollution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 68 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 69 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 71 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 72 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 73 Recorded Recorded NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 74 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 75 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 76 Ice Ice NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 77 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 79 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 81 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 189 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 190 1 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 190 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 190 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 190 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 191 1 5259 5259 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 191 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 191 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 191 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 192 1 246–249 246–249 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 192 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 192 3 366–369 366–369 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 192 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 192 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 192 6 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 192 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 1 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 4 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 10 Machines Machines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 12 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 15 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 16 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 20 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 22 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 23 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 25 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 193 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 194 1 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 194 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 194 3 pp pp ADD en-wikipedia-org-6503 194 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 1 1–32 1–32 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 3 25–29 25–29 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 6 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 8 Sungmin Sungmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 10 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 12 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 14 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 16 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 18 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 19 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 21 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 23 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 24 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 26 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 30 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 31 Ice Ice NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 32 Evidence Evidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 34 Hemispheric Hemispheric NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 35 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 36 Pollution Pollution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 37 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 38 Millennia Millennia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 39 Ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 41 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 43 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 44 Civilizations Civilizations NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 47 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 49 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 195 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 196 1 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 196 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 196 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 196 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 197 1 5180 5180 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 197 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 197 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 197 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 1 1841–1843 1841–1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 3 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 5 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 13 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 16 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 19 Super Super NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 20 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 22 Run run NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 24 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 26 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 29 Shipwrecks Shipwrecks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 32 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 34 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 35 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 37 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 198 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 199 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 199 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 199 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 199 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 1 361–372 361–372 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 3 361–365 361–365 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 6 Settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 8 Dorothy Dorothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 11 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 13 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 14 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 16 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 20 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 22 Albacore albacore NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 24 Guide guide VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 26 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 27 Pollution pollution NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 29 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 32 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 34 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 200 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 201 1 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 201 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 201 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 201 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 202 1 4436 4436 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 202 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 202 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 202 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 203 1 1167–1176 1167–1176 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 203 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 203 3 1170f 1170f CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 203 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 204 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 204 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 204 3 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 204 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 1 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 4 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 10 Machines Machines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 12 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 15 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 16 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 20 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 22 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 23 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 25 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 205 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 206 1 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 206 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 206 3 pp pp ADD en-wikipedia-org-6503 206 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 1 1–32 1–32 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 3 25–29 25–29 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 6 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 8 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 9 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 11 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 16 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 19 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 22 Super Super NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 23 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 25 Run run NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 27 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 29 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 32 Shipwrecks Shipwrecks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 35 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 37 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 38 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 40 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 207 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 208 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 208 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 208 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 208 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 1 361–372 361–372 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 3 361–369 361–369 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 6 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 8 Sungmin Sungmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 10 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 12 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 14 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 16 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 18 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 19 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 21 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 23 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 24 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 26 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 30 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 32 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 33 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 34 Smelting Smelting NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 35 Pollution Pollution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 36 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 37 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 39 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 40 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 41 Recorded Recorded NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 43 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 44 Ice Ice NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 47 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 49 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 209 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 210 1 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 210 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 210 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 210 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 211 1 5259 5259 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 211 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 211 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 211 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 212 1 246–249 246–249 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 212 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 212 3 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 212 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 212 5 fig fig NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 212 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 5 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 7 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 11 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 13 Sungmin Sungmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 15 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 17 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 19 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 21 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 23 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 24 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 26 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 28 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 29 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 31 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 35 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 36 Ice Ice NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 37 Evidence Evidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 39 Hemispheric Hemispheric NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 40 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 41 Pollution Pollution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 42 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 43 Millennia Millennia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 44 Ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 45 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 46 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 48 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 49 Civilizations Civilizations NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 50 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 52 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 54 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 213 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 214 1 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 214 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 214 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 214 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 215 1 5180 5180 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 215 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 215 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 215 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 1 1841–1843 1841–1843 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 3 Settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 5 Dorothy Dorothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 6 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 8 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 10 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 11 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 13 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 17 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 19 Albacore albacore NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 21 Guide guide VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 23 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 24 Pollution pollution NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 26 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 29 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 31 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 216 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 217 1 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 217 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 217 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 217 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 218 1 4436 4436 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 218 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 218 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 218 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 219 1 1167–1176 1167–1176 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 219 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 219 3 1170f 1170f NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 219 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 219 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 2 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 4 Sungmin Sungmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 6 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 8 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 10 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 12 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 14 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 15 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 17 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 19 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 20 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 22 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 220 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 2 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 3 Ice Ice NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 4 Evidence Evidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 6 Hemispheric Hemispheric NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 7 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 8 Pollution Pollution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 9 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 10 Millennia Millennia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 11 Ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 13 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 16 Civilizations Civilizations NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 221 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 222 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 222 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 223 1 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 223 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 223 3 5180 5180 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 223 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 223 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 223 6 1841–1843 1841–1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 223 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 224 1 Bibcode:1994Sci Bibcode:1994Sci NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 224 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-6503 224 3 265.1841H. 265.1841h. CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 225 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 225 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 225 3 science.265.5180.1841 science.265.5180.1841 DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 225 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 226 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 226 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 226 3 17797222 17797222 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 226 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 227 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 227 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 227 3 45080402 45080402 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 227 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 2 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 7 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 11 Silver Silver NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 12 Stocks Stocks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 14 Losses Losses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 16 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 18 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 19 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 23 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 24 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 25 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 27 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 228 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 229 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 229 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 229 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 229 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 230 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 230 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 230 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 230 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 1 205–235 205–235 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 3 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 5 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 9 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 11 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 12 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 14 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 19 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 22 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 25 Super Super NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 26 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 28 Run run NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 30 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 32 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 35 Shipwrecks Shipwrecks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 38 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 40 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 41 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 43 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 231 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 232 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 232 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 232 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 232 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 233 1 361–372 361–372 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 233 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 233 3 365f 365f UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 233 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 233 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 2 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 7 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 11 Silver Silver NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 12 Stocks Stocks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 14 Losses Losses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 16 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 18 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 19 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 23 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 24 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 25 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 27 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 234 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 235 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 235 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 235 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 235 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 236 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 236 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 236 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 236 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 1 205–235 205–235 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 3 216 216 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 5 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 9 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 11 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 12 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 14 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 19 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 22 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 25 Super Super NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 26 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 28 Run run NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 30 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 32 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 35 Shipwrecks Shipwrecks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 38 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 40 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 41 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 43 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 237 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 238 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 238 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 238 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 238 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 239 1 361–372 361–372 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 239 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 239 3 365f 365f UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 239 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 239 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 5 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 6 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 13 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 240 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 241 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 241 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 241 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 241 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 241 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 241 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 1 17–21 17–21 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 3 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 5 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 7 Cech Cech NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 11 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 13 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 14 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 242 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 1 322–324 322–324 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 3 Craddock Craddock NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 7 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 9 Sim Sim NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 11 Ridge Ridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 15 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 17 Healy Healy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 18 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 21 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 22 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 23 Sim Sim NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 25 Ridge Ridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 26 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 28 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 29 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 31 Healy Healy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 32 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 34 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 35 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 36 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 37 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 38 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 41 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 42 bulk bulk NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 44 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 46 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 48 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 49 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 51 smelting smelting NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 52 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 54 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 56 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 58 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 60 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 61 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 63 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 64 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 66 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 68 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 70 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 71 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 73 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 74 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 75 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 76 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 77 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 79 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 243 80 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 244 1 366–369 366–369 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 244 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 244 3 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 244 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 245 1 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 245 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 245 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 245 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 245 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 245 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 1 25–29 25–29 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 3 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 5 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 7 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 9 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 10 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 13 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 15 fig fig NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 246 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 5 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 7 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 10 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 11 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 247 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 1 366–369 366–369 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 3 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 4 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 7 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 8 bulk bulk NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 12 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 15 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 16 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 18 smelting smelting NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 19 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 22 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 23 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 25 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 28 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 30 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 32 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 33 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 36 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 37 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 39 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 41 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 43 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 44 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 45 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 47 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 48 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 49 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 52 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 54 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 56 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 58 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 59 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 61 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 62 1841–1843 1841–1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 63 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 64 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 65 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 67 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 248 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 1 361–365 361–365 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 3 Settle Settle NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 5 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 6 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 249 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 250 1 1170f 1170f CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 250 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 251 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 251 2 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 251 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 252 1 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 252 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 252 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 252 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 252 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 252 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 1 25–29 25–29 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 3 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 5 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 7 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 9 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 10 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 13 1841–1843 1841–1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 15 Settle Settle NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 17 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 18 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 20 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 253 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 254 1 1170f 1170f CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 254 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 255 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 255 2 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 255 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 255 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 255 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 255 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 1 361–365 361–365 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 2 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 4 aforementioned aforementioned JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 5 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 8 cautions caution VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 11 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 14 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 17 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 19 surpassed surpass VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 22 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 25 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 26 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 28 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 29 365 365 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 256 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 2 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 3 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 6 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 8 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 11 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 12 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 257 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 258 1 365f 365f LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 258 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 259 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 259 2 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 259 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 260 1 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 260 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 260 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 260 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 260 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 260 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 1 25–29 25–29 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 3 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 4 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 7 216 216 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 9 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 10 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 12 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 13 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 15 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 261 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 262 1 365f 365f LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 262 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 2 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 4 Naturalis Naturalis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 5 Historia Historia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 7 33.21.78 33.21.78 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 11 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 15 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 16 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 17 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 18 Greene Greene NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 21 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 25 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 26 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 27 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 263 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 264 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 264 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 264 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 264 4 W.V. W.V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 1 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 4 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 9 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 11 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 14 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 16 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 17 70–192 70–192 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 19 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 20 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 21 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 23 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 26 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 265 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 266 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 266 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 266 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 266 4 713 713 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 266 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 2 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 5 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 9 CAH CAH NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 13 714 714 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 267 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 2 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 3 Bradley Bradley NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 4 Ulrich Ulrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 7 Woodworking Woodworking NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 9 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 10 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 11 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 268 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 269 1 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 269 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 4 Stambaugh Stambaugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 7 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 9 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 12 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 270 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 2 Ray Ray NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 3 Laurence Laurence NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 6 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 7 Transport Transport NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 10 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 12 Costs Costs NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 14 Practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 17 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 21 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 23 Traders Traders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 26 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 27 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 29 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 31 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 34 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 35 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 271 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 2 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 7 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 8 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 11 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 17 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 19 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 20 Empires empire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 23 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 24 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 26 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 28 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 30 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 31 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 32 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 34 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 37 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 38 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 272 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 2 Holleran Holleran NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 4 Shopping Shopping NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 6 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 7 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 10 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 273 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 274 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 274 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 274 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 274 4 Jiayao Jiayao NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 274 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 2 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 6 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 7 Glass Glass NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 8 Was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 9 Treasured treasure VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 11 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 15 Annette Annette NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 16 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 17 Juliano Juliano NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 19 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 20 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 21 Lerner Lerner NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 23 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 26 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 27 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 28 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 29 VII vii NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 31 Nomads nomad NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 33 Traders trader NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 36 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 37 Men Men NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 38 Along along IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 39 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 41 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 42 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 44 79–94 79–94 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 46 Turnhout Turnhout NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 48 Brepols Brepols NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 49 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 51 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 52   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 53 2503521789 2503521789 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 55 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 56 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 275 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 2 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 5 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 9 CAH CAH NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 13 713 713 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 276 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 2 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 5 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 9 CAH CAH NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 13 710 710 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 277 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 2 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 5 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 9 CAH CAH NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 278 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 279 1 717–729 717–729 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 279 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 2 Mireille Mireille NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 3 Corbier Corbier NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 6 Coinage Coinage NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 8 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 11 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 15 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 16 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 17 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 20 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 24 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 25 193–337 193–337 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 27 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 28 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 29 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 31 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 34 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 280 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 4 404 404 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 6 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 9 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 13 CAH CAH NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 14 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 17 719 719 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 281 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 2 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 5 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 9 CAH CAH NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 13 720 720 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 282 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 2 Holleran Holleran NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 4 Shopping Shopping NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 6 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 7 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 283 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 284 1 146–147 146–147 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 284 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 10 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 11 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 13 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 14 1932 1932 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 285 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 4 Collapse Collapse NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 286 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 287 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 287 2 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 287 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 287 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 288 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 288 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 288 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 288 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 288 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 288 6 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 288 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 289 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 289 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 289 3 3290252 3290252 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 289 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 6 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 7 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 15 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 290 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 2 Verboven Verboven NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 6 Associative associative JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 7 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 9 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 11 Ethos Ethos NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 12 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 14 Businessmen businessman NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 17 preprint preprint NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 18 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 291 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 292 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 292 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 292 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 292 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 2 Eborarii Eborarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 4 citriarii citriarii NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 6 Verboven verboven JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 10 Associative associative JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 11 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 13 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 15 Ethos Ethos NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 16 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 17 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 18 Businessmen businessman NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 21 preprint preprint NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 22 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 23 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 293 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 3 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 10 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 11 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 13 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 14 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 16 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 18 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 19 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 20 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 22 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 25 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 26 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 294 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 3 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 10 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 11 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 13 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 14 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 16 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 19 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 295 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 4 Garnsey Garnsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 6 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 12 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 14 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 16 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 19 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 296 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 2 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 3 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 7 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 8 Market Market NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 13 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 16 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 18 Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 19 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 20 34.1 34.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 22 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 25 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 26 517 517 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 297 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 298 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 298 2 A.H.M. A.H.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 5 Cloth Cloth NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 6 Industry Industry NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 13 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 14 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 15 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 16 13.2 13.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 18 1960 1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 21 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 299 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 300 1 184–185 184–185 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 300 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 4 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 8 Cloth Cloth NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 9 Industry Industry NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 10 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 13 Empire,"p Empire,"p NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 15 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 301 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 2 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 6 Cloth Cloth NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 7 Industry Industry NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 302 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 303 1 188–189 188–189 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 303 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 2 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 6 Cloth Cloth NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 7 Industry Industry NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 304 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 305 1 190–191 190–191 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 305 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 2 Vout Vout NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 6 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 9 Toga toga NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 13 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 306 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 2 college college NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 4 centonarii centonarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 7 elusive elusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 8 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 10 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 13 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 15 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 16 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 17 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 19 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 20 firefighters firefighter NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 22 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 23 Jinyu Jinyu NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 24 Liu Liu NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 26 Collegia Collegia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 27 Centonariorum Centonariorum NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 30 Guilds guild NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 32 Textile Textile NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 33 Dealers Dealers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 36 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 37 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 39 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 41 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 307 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 1 Liu Liu NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 2 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 6 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 7 tradesmen tradesman NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 8 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 9 manufacturers manufacturer NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 10 engaged engage VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 13 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 15 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 17 low- low- NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 19 medium medium NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 21 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 22 woolen woolen JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 23 textiles textile NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 25 clothing clothing NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 27 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 28 felt feel VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 31 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 308 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 4 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 6 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 8 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 10 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 12 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 14 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-6503 309 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 6 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 7 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 11 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 14 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 16 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 17 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 18 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 20 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 22 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 24 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 26 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 28 78053 78053 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 30 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 31 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 33 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 34 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 35 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 36 Cascio Cascio NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 38 Elio Elio NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 40 Malanima Malanima NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 42 Paolo Paolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 44 Dec. December NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 45 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 48 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 49 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 51 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 52 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 53 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 54 Agrarian Agrarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 55 Economies Economies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 57 1–1820 1–1820 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 58 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 310 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 2 Revision revision NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 5 Estimates Estimates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 8 Rivista Rivista NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 9 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 10 storia storia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 11 economica economica NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 13 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 311 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 312 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 312 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 312 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 312 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 313 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 313 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 313 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 313 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 1 391–420 391–420 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 3 391–401 391–401 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 5 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 7 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 8 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 314 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 1 47–51 47–51 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 3 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 7 Friesen Friesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 9 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 315 10 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 316 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 316 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 316 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 316 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 3 Size Size NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 6 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 9 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 11 Income Income NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 317 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 318 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 318 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 318 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 318 4 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 318 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 319 1 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 319 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 319 3 62–63 62–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 319 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 320 1 doi:10.3815/007543509789745223 doi:10.3815/007543509789745223 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 320 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 321 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 321 2 Goldsmith Goldsmith NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 321 3 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 321 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 321 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 321 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 322 1 263–288 263–288 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 322 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 322 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 322 4 1995/96 1995/96 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 322 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 322 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 322 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 323 1 41–75 41–75 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 323 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 2 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 4 upward upward JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 5 revisions revision NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 7 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 8 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 324 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 1 101–125 101–125 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 3 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 5 lays lay VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 6 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 8 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 9 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 325 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 326 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 326 2 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 326 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 326 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 326 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 326 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 327 1 31–54 31–54 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 327 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 327 3 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 327 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 327 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 327 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 327 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 1 43–47 43–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 3 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 5 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 6 1.10 1.10 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 8 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 10 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 11 1.12 1.12 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 13 Bang Bang NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 14 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 328 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 1 86–91 86–91 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 2 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 3 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 5 Friesen Friesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 6 Nov. November NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 7 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 329 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 1 61–91 61–91 LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 4 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 5 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 9 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 11 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 12 1.12 1.12 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 14 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 15 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 18 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 20 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 21 1.14 1.14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 22 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 23 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 24 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 26 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 27 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 29 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 30 1.14 1.14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 31 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 32 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 34 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 35 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 330 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 6 Potter potter NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 12 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 331 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 332 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 332 2 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 332 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 332 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 332 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 332 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 332 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 332 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 333 1 185–187 185–187 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 333 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 334 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 334 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 334 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 334 4 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 334 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 334 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 334 7 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 334 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 2 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 8 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 9 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 10 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 12 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 15 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 16 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 335 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 2 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 8 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 336 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 4 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 10 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 337 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 338 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 338 2 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 338 3 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 338 4 55.31.4 55.31.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 338 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 339 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 339 2 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 339 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 339 4 Annales Annales NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 339 5 13.31.2 13.31.2 VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 339 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 2 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 5 vicesima vicesima NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 6 libertatis libertatis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 10 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 12 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 15 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 17 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 21 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 340 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 6 Raoul Raoul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 7 McLaughlin McLaughlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 341 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 7 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 12 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 15 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 17 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 19 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 342 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 343 1 Barnsley Barnsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 343 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 343 3 Pen Pen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 343 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 343 5 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 343 6 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 343 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 7 78346 78346 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 9 381 381 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 14 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 344 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 345 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 345 2 Raoul Raoul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 345 3 McLaughlin McLaughlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 345 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 345 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 345 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 345 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 7 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 12 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 15 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 17 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 19 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 346 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 347 1 Barnsley Barnsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 347 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 347 3 Pen Pen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 347 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 347 5 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 347 6 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 347 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 7 78346 78346 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 9 381 381 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 14 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 348 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 4 Raoul Raoul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 5 McLaughlin McLaughlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 349 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 7 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 12 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 15 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 17 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 19 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 350 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 351 1 Barnsley Barnsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 351 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 351 3 Pen Pen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 351 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 351 5 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 351 6 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 351 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 7 78346 78346 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 9 381 381 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 14 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 352 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 353 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 353 2 Raoul Raoul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 353 3 McLaughlin McLaughlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 353 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 353 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 353 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 353 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 7 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 12 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 15 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 17 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 19 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 354 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 355 1 Barnsley Barnsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 355 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 355 3 Pen Pen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 355 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 355 5 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 355 6 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 355 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 7 78346 78346 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 9 381 381 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 14 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 356 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 4 Raoul Raoul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 5 McLaughlin McLaughlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 357 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 7 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 12 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 15 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 17 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 19 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 358 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 359 1 Barnsley Barnsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 359 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 359 3 Pen Pen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 359 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 359 5 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 359 6 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 359 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 7 78346 78346 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 9 381 381 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 14 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 360 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 361 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 361 2 Raoul Raoul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 361 3 McLaughlin McLaughlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 361 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 361 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 361 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 361 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 7 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 12 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 15 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 17 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 19 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 362 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 363 1 Barnsley Barnsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 363 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 363 3 Pen Pen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 363 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 363 5 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 363 6 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 363 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 7 78346 78346 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 9 381 381 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 14 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 364 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 6 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 7 Panic Panic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 9 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 365 10 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 366 1 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 366 2 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 1 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 2 Panic Panic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 4 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 5 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 6 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 7 Armstrong Armstrong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 8 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 367 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 368 1 Armstrong Armstrong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 368 2 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 368 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 368 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 368 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 369 1 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 369 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 370 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 370 2 Apr. April NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 371 1 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 371 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 2 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 3 Panic Panic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 5 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 6 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 9 Check check VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 10 |url= |url= CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 11 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 13 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 372 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 373 1 Armstrong Armstrong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 373 2 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 373 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 6 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 7 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 9 Tenney Tenney NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 374 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 1 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 3 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 4 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 6 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 7 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 8 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 9 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 11 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 12 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 14 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 16 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 375 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 376 1 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 376 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 376 3 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 376 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 377 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 377 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 377 3 1935 1935 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 377 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 377 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 377 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 378 1 336–341 336–341 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 378 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 378 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 378 4 www.jstor.org/stable/289972 www.jstor.org/stable/289972 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 378 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 3 triggering trigger VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 4 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 9 richest rich JJS en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 10 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 14 Publius Publius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 15 Spinther Spinther NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 18 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 19 nobleman nobleman NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 21 notified notify VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 23 bankers banker NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 25 Balbus Balbus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 26 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 27 Ollius Ollius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 29 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 30 wished wish VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 32 withdraw withdraw VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 33 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 34 30,000,000 30,000,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 35 sesterces sesterce NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 36 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 37 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 39 deposit deposit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 42 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 44 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 45 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 46 meet meet VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 47 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 48 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 49 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 50 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 379 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 2 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 4 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 6 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 8 deposit deposit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 11 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 12 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 13 closed close VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 15 doors door NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 380 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 2 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 4 Balbus Balbus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 6 Ollius Ollius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 8 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 9 Lehman Lehman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 10 Brothers Brothers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 11 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 12 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 14 triggered trigger VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 16 run run NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 19 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 20 banking banking NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 21 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 23 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 24 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 26 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 381 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 2 Balbus Balbus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 4 Olius Olius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 5 closed close VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 7 doors door NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 10 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 11 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 12 later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 14 Corinthian corinthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 15 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 17 Leucippus Leucippus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 18 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 19 insolvent insolvent JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 382 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 2 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 3 n’t not RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 4 stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 5 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 7 rumors rumor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 8 swirled swirl VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 9 saying say VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 12 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 13 banking banking NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 14 house house NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 16 Carthage Carthage NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 20 verge verge NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 22 closing close VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 23 along along RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 25 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 26 banks bank NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 28 Lyons Lyons NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 30 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 32 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 383 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 2 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 3 banks bank NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 4 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 6 Via Via NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 7 Sacra Sacra NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 8 announced announce VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 10 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 12 timely timely JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 13 notice notice NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 14 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 15 paying pay VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 17 depositors depositor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 384 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 385 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 385 2 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 385 3 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 385 4 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 385 5 closed close VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 385 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 385 7 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 385 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 1 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 2 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 3 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 5 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 7 zero zero CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 9 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 10 flush flush JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 12 cash cash NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 14 ready ready JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 16 lend lend VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-6503 386 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 2 praetor praetor NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 3 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 4 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 6 filled fill VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 8 throngs throng NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 10 creditors creditor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 11 demanding demand VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 13 auctioning auctioning NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 15 debtors debtor NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 16 assets asset NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 18 homes home NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 20 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 22 warehouse warehouse NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 23 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 25 furniture furniture NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 27 jewelry jewelry NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 30 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 32 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 34 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 36 sold sell VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 38 liquidated liquidate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 387 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 1 Valuable valuable JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 2 items item NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 4 sold sell VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 7 mere mere JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 8 trifle trifle NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 9 triggered trigger VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 12 panic panic NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 13 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 15 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 17 fortune fortune NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 18 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 20 beggary beggary NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 388 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 1 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 2 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 5 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 6 Nothing Nothing NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 8 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 10 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 11 WED WED NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 13 FEB FEB NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 14 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 16 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 18 4:00PMJames 4:00PMJames NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 19 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 20 Puplava Puplava NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 22 CFP CFP NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 23 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 25 CTS CTS NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 26 ™ ™ CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 28 CIS CIS NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 30 CES CES NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 31 President President NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 33 Founder Founder NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 35 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 36 Sense Sense NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 37 ® ® NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 38 Wealth Wealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 39 Management Management NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 40 Sources[edit sources[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 42 Bang Bang NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 44 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 45 Fibiger Fibiger NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 47 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 49 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 50 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 51 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 52 Bazaar bazaar NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 53 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 54 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 55 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 56 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 58 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 60 Markets Markets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 63 Tributary Tributary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 64 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 66 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 67 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 68 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 70 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 71   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 72 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 73 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 74 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 75 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 76 85532 85532 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 77 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 78 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 80 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 389 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 1 86–91 86–91 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 2 Bang Bang NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 4 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 5 Fibiger Fibiger NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 7 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 390 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 3 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 4 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 7 Institutional Institutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 8 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 391 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 392 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 392 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 392 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 392 4 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 392 5 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 392 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 393 1 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 393 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 393 3 194–206 194–206 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 393 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 394 1 doi:10.3815/007543509789744783 doi:10.3815/007543509789744783 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 394 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 395 1 Callataÿ Callataÿ NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 395 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 395 3 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 395 4 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 395 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 395 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 395 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 395 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 3 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 6 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 9 Super Super NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 10 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 12 Run run NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 14 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 16 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 19 Shipwrecks Shipwrecks NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 396 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 397 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 397 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 397 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 397 4 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 397 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 398 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 398 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 398 3 361–372 361–372 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 398 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 399 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 399 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 399 3 S104775940000742X. S104775940000742X. . en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 1 Cech Cech NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 3 Brigitte Brigitte NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 8 Technik Technik NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 10 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 11 Antike Antike NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 13 Wissenschaftliche Wissenschaftliche NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 14 Buchgesellschaft Buchgesellschaft NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 16 Darmstadt Darmstadt NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 20 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 22 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 24 8062 8062 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 26 2080 2080 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 27 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 28 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 29 Cleere Cleere NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 31 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 32 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 33 Crossley Crossley NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 35 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 37 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 40 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 41 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 42 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 45 Weald Weald NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 400 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 1 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 2 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 4 Merton Merton NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 5 Priory Priory NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 8 Cardiff Cardiff NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 10 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 12 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 14 898937 898937 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 16 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 18 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 20 republishing republish VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 22 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 23 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 25 Leicester Leicester NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 26 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 27 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 28 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 32 supplement supplement NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 401 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 402 1 Cleere Cleere NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 402 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 402 3 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 402 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 403 1 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 403 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 404 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 404 2 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 404 3 Industry Industry NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 404 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 404 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 404 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 404 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 405 1 Wealden Wealden NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 405 2 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 405 3 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 405 4 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 405 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 4 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 5 Craddock Craddock NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 7 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 8 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 10 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 14 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 16 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 21 Oleson Oleson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 23 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 24 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 26 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 406 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 1 ): ): LS en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 4 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 6 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 8 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 11 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 12 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 14 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 15 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 16 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 20 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 22 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 24 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 26 518731 518731 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 28 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 30 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 407 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 1 93–120 93–120 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 2 Goldsmith Goldsmith NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 4 Raymond Raymond NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 7 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 408 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 3 Estimate Estimate NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 6 Size Size NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 8 Structure Structure NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 11 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 12 Product Product NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 15 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 409 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 410 1 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 410 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 410 3 Income Income NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 410 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 410 5 Wealth Wealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 410 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 411 1 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 411 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 411 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 411 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 411 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 411 6 263–288 263–288 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 411 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 412 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 412 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 412 3 j.1475 j.1475 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 412 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 412 5 4991.1984.tb00552.x 4991.1984.tb00552.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 412 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 1 Healy Healy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 6 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 9 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 11 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 14 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 17 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 19 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 21 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 23 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 25 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 27 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 29 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 31 40035 40035 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 32 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 33 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 34 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 36 Sungmin Sungmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 38 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 40 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 42 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 43 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 44 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 46 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 47 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 48 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 49 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 51 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 52 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 54 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 413 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 2 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 3 Ice Ice NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 4 Evidence Evidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 6 Hemispheric Hemispheric NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 7 Lead Lead NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 8 Pollution Pollution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 9 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 10 Millennia Millennia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 11 Ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 13 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 16 Civilizations Civilizations NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 414 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 415 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 415 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 416 1 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 416 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 416 3 5180 5180 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 416 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 416 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 416 6 1841–1843 1841–1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 416 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 417 1 Bibcode:1994Sci Bibcode:1994Sci NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 417 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-6503 417 3 265.1841H. 265.1841h. CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 418 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 418 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 418 3 science.265.5180.1841 science.265.5180.1841 DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 418 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 419 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 419 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 419 3 17797222 17797222 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 419 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 420 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 420 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 420 3 45080402 45080402 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 420 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 1 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 3 Sungmin Sungmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 5 Candelone Candelone NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 7 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 9 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 11 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 13 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 14 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 16 Boutron Boutron NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 18 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 19 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 21 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 421 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 5 Copper Copper NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 6 Smelting Smelting NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 7 Pollution Pollution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 8 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 11 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 12 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 13 Recorded Recorded NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 15 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 16 Ice Ice NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 422 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 423 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 423 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 424 1 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 424 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 424 3 5259 5259 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 424 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 424 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 424 6 246–249 246–249 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 424 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 425 1 Bibcode:1996Sci bibcode:1996sci UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 425 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-6503 425 3 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 425 4 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-6503 425 5 246H. 246h. CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 426 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 426 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 426 3 science.272.5259.246 science.272.5259.246 NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 426 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 427 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 427 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 427 3 176767223 176767223 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 427 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 428 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 428 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 428 3 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 428 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 428 5 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 428 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 428 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 2 Taxes Taxes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 4 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 10 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 429 11 B.C.–A.D. 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; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 437 7 Malanima Malanima NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 437 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 437 9 Paolo Paolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 437 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 437 11 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 437 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 437 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 2 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 4 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 6 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 7 Agrarian Agrarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 8 Economies Economies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 10 1–1820 1–1820 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 11 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 438 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 439 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 439 2 Revision revision NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 439 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 439 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 439 5 Estimates Estimates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 439 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 439 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 440 1 Rivista Rivista NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 440 2 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 440 3 storia storia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 440 4 economica economica NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 440 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 441 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 441 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 441 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 441 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 441 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 441 6 391–420 391–420 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 441 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 1 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 3 Angus Angus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 9 Contours contour NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 12 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 13 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 15 1–2030 1–2030 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 16 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 442 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 1 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 3 Macro macro JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 5 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 9 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 10 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 11 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 13 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 15 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 17 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 19 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 21 922721 922721 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 23 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 24 Parker Parker NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 26 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 443 27 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 2 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 6 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 7 Shipwrecks shipwreck NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 10 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 14 Provinces Provinces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 17 Archaeopress Archaeopress NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 19 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 20 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 21 Reports Reports NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 23 BAR BAR NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 25 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 26 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 29 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 30   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 31 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 33 86054 86054 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 35 736 736 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 37 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 38 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 40 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 41 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 43 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 444 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 2 Silver Silver NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 3 Stocks stock NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 5 Losses Losses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 7 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 9 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 10 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 445 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 446 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 446 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 446 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 446 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 446 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 447 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 447 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 447 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 447 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 447 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 447 6 205–235 205–235 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 447 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 448 1 doi:10.2307/2593904 doi:10.2307/2593904 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 448 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 449 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 449 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 449 3 2593904 2593904 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 449 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 1 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 9 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 11 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 13 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 14 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 15 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 16 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 17 Papers Papers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 19 Classics Classics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 21 Version Version NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 22 1.0 1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 23 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 25 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 27 Friesen Friesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 29 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 450 30 J. 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 451 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 451 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 451 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 451 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 3 Size Size NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 6 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 9 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 11 Income Income NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 452 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 453 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 453 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 453 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 453 4 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 453 5 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 453 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 454 1 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 454 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 454 3 61–91 61–91 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 454 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 455 1 doi:10.3815/007543509789745223 doi:10.3815/007543509789745223 NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 455 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 1 Settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 3 Dorothy Dorothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 6 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 8 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 9 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 11 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 456 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 2 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 4 Albacore albacore NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 6 Guide guide VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 8 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 9 Pollution pollution NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 11 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 457 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 458 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 458 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 459 1 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 459 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 459 3 4436 4436 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 459 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 459 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 459 6 1167–1176 1167–1176 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 459 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 460 1 Bibcode:1980Sci bibcode:1980sci UH en-wikipedia-org-6503 460 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-6503 460 3 207.1167S. 207.1167s. 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 464 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 464 29 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 464 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 464 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 2 Provenance provenance NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 4 Coals Coals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 7 Sites Sites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 9 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 11 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 465 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 466 1 Britannia Britannia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 466 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 467 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 467 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 467 3 297–324 297–324 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 467 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 468 1 doi:10.2307/526770 doi:10.2307/526770 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 468 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 469 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 469 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 469 3 526770 526770 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 469 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 1 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 9 Estimating estimate VBG en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 10 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 13 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 18 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 19 Cascio Cascio NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 21 Elio Elio NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 23 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 470 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 1 ): ): NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 2 Innovazione Innovazione NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 3 tecnica tecnica NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 4 e e POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 5 progresso progresso NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 6 economico economico NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 7 nel nel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 8 mondo mondo NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 9 romano romano NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 11 Edipuglia Edipuglia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 13 Bari Bari NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 15 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 17 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 471 18 - 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A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 477 22 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 477 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 477 24 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 477 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 477 26 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 477 27 I. i. 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A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 479 9 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 479 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 479 11 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 479 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 479 13 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 479 14 I. i. NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 8 Settlement Settlement NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 10 Urbanisation Urbanisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 12 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 14 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 15 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 19 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 20 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 480 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 6 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 8 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 10 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 12 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 14 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 16 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 18 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-6503 481 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 6 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 7 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 11 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 14 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 16 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 17 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 18 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 20 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 22 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 24 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 26 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 28 78053 78053 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 30 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 31 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 33 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 35 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 482 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 3 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 483 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 484 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 484 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 484 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 484 4 Perspectives Perspectives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 484 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 485 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 485 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 485 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 485 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 485 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 485 6 133–151 133–151 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 485 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 486 1 doi:10.1257/089533006776526148 doi:10.1257/089533006776526148 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 486 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 487 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 487 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-6503 487 3 0895 0895 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 487 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-6503 487 5 3309 3309 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 487 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 488 1 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 488 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 488 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 488 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 2 Price Price NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 3 Behaviour Behaviour NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 489 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 1 - - : en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 2 Presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 6 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 8 Term Term NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 9 Quantification Quantification NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 11 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 12 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 15 conference conference NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 17 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 18 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 20 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 22 Brussels Brussels NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 24 Belgium Belgium NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 25 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 26 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 29 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 30 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 31 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 32 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 33 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 34 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 35 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 36 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 37 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 38 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 39 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 40 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 41 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 42 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 43 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 44 overthrow overthrow VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 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490 86 Auctoritas Auctoritas NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 87 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 88 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 89 Litigation Litigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 90 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 91 Curia Curia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 92 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 93 Cursus Cursus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 94 honorum honorum NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 95 Collegiality Collegiality NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 96 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 97 Legatus Legatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 98 Dux Dux NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 99 Officium Officium NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 100 Prefect Prefect NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 101 Vicarius Vicarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 102 Vigintisexviri Vigintisexviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 103 Lictor Lictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 104 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 105 militum militum NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 106 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 107 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 108 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 109 Pontifex Pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 110 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 111 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 112 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 113 Tetrarch Tetrarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 114 Optimates Optimates NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 115 Populares Populares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 116 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 117 Magistrates magistrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 118 Ordinary Ordinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 119 Consul Consul NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 120 Censor Censor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 121 Praetor Praetor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 122 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 123 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 124 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 125 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 126 Plebs Plebs NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 127 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 128 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 129 Quaestor Quaestor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 130 Aedile Aedile NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 131 Promagistrate Promagistrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 132 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 133 Extraordinary Extraordinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 134 Rex Rex NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 135 Interrex Interrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 136 Dictator Dictator NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 137 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 138 Equitum Equitum NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 139 Decemviri Decemviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 140 Consular Consular NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 141 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 142 Triumvir Triumvir NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 143 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 144 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 145 Borders Borders NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 146 Establishment Establishment NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 147 Structure Structure NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 148 Campaigns campaign VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 149 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 150 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 151 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 152 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 153 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 154 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 155 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 156 castra castra NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 157 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 158 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 159 Legion Legion NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 160 Infantry Infantry NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 161 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 162 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 163 equipment equipment NN 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490 222 Adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 223 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 224 Bagaudae Bagaudae NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 225 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 226 Amphitheatres Amphitheatres NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 227 Aqueducts aqueduct VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 228 Bridges Bridges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 229 Circuses circuse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 230 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 231 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 232 Concrete concrete NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 233 Domes Domes NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 234 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 235 Numerals Numerals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 236 Roads Roads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 237 Temples Temples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 238 Theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 239 Sanitation Sanitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 240 Thermae Thermae NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 241 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 242 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 243 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 244 Versions Versions NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 245 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 246 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 247 Vulgar Vulgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 248 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 249 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 250 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 251 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 252 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 253 Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 254 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 255 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 256 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 257 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 258 Aelius Aelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 259 Donatus Donatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 260 Ammianus Ammianus NNP 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490 319 Ovid Ovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 320 Petronius Petronius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 321 Phaedrus Phaedrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 322 Plautus Plautus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 323 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 324 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 325 Elder Elder NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 326 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 327 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 328 Younger Younger NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 329 Pomponius Pomponius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 330 Mela Mela NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 331 Priscian Priscian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 332 Propertius Propertius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 333 Quadrigarius Quadrigarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 334 Quintilian Quintilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 335 Quintus Quintus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 336 Curtius Curtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 337 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 338 Sallust Sallust NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 339 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en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 380 Laërtius Laërtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 381 Dionysius Dionysius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 382 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 383 Halicarnassus Halicarnassus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 384 Dioscorides Dioscorides NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 385 Eusebius Eusebius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 386 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 387 Caesaria Caesaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 388 Galen Galen NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 389 Herodian Herodian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 390 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 391 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 392 Libanius Libanius NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 393 Lucian lucian JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 394 Pausanias Pausanias NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 395 Philostratus Philostratus NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 396 Phlegon Phlegon NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 397 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 398 Tralles Tralles NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 399 Photius 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industrialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 541 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 542 Austria Austria NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 543 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 544 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 545 Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 546 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 547 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 548 Mongolian Mongolian NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 549 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 550 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 551 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 552 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 553 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 554 Montenegro Montenegro NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 555 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 556 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 557 Yugoslavia Yugoslavia NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 558 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 559 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 560 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en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 603 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 604 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_economy&oldid=995189181 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_economy&oldid=995189181 NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 605 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 606 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 607 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 608 Economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 609 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 610 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 611 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 612 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 613 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 614 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 615 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 616 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 617 : : : en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 618 Pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 619 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 620 URL URL NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 621 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 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community NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 665 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 666 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 667 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 668 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 669 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 670 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 671 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 672 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 673 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 674 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 675 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 676 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 677 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 678 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 679 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 680 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 681 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 682 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 683 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 684 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-6503 490 685 this this DT 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