id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-453 1 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 1 2 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 1 4 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 1 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 1 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-453 1 19 Ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 1 22 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 25 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 1 26 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 27 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 1 29 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 1 32 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 33 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 1 36 archaic archaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 1 37 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 1 39 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 40 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 1 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 1 42 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 1 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 2 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 2 3 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 2 4 chief chief JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 2 5 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 2 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-453 2 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 2 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 2 9 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 2 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 2 11 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-453 2 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 2 13 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-453 2 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 3 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 3 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 3 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 3 4 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 3 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 3 6 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-453 3 7 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 3 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 3 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 3 10 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 3 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 4 1 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 4 2 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 4 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 4 4 confused confuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 4 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 4 6 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 4 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 4 8 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 4 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 5 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 5 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 5 3 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 5 4 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 5 5 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 5 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 5 7 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-453 5 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 6 1 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-453 6 2 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-453 6 3 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-453 6 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 6 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 6 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 6 7 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 6 8 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 6 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 6 10 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 6 11 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 6 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 7 1 Unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 7 2 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-453 7 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-453 7 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 7 5 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 7 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 7 7 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 7 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 8 1 Find find VB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 2 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 8 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 8 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 8 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 8 7 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 8 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 8 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 12 news news NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 14 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 15 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 8 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 17 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 18 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 8 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 20 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 21 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 23 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 24 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 26 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 27 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 30 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 31 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 8 33 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 8 35 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 36 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 8 37 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 38 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 40 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 8 43 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 44 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 45 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 46 Vexillum Vexillum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 8 49 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 50 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 8 52 command command VB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 53 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 54 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 55 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 56 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 57 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 58 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 8 59 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 60 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 61 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 62 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 63 Details Details NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 64 Style Style NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 65 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 67 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 69 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 71 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 73 Dominus Dominus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 74 Noster Noster NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 76 Autokrator Autokrator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 77 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 8 78 Basileus Basileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 79 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 80 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 8 81 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 82 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 84 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 85   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 86 monarch monarch NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 87 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 88 Last Last NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 89   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 90 monarch monarch NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 91 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 92 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 93 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 94 Unified Unified NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 95 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 8 96 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 97 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 99 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 100 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 101 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 102 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 103 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 104 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 105 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 106 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 107 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 108 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 109 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 110 Formation Formation NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 111 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 112 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 113 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 114 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 115 Abolition Abolition NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 116 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 117 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 118 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 119 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 120 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 121 Unified Unified NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 122 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 8 123 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 124 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 125 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 126 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 127 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 128 480 480 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 129 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 131 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 132 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 133 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 8 134 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 135 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 136 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 137 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 138 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 139 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 140 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 141 Appointer Appointer NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 142 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 143 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 144 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 145 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-453 8 146 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 147 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 8 148 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 149 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 150 Pretender(s pretender(s NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 151 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 152 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 153 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 8 154 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 8 155 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 156 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 157 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 8 158 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 159 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 160 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 8 161 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 162 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 163 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 164 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 8 165 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 8 166 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 167 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 168 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 8 169 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 8 170 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 8 171 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 8 172 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 8 173 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 9 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 9 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 9 3 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 9 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 9 5 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-453 9 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 9 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 9 8 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 9 9 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-453 9 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-453 9 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 10 1 Often often RB en-wikipedia-org-453 10 2 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 10 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 10 4 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 10 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 10 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 10 7 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 10 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 10 9 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 10 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 10 11 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 10 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 10 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 10 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 10 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 10 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 10 17 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 10 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 10 19 taking taking NN en-wikipedia-org-453 10 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 10 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 10 22 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 10 23 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 10 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 10 25 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 10 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 11 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-453 11 2 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 11 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-453 11 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 11 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 11 6 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 11 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 11 8 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 11 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 11 10 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 11 11 honorific honorific NN en-wikipedia-org-453 11 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 12 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 12 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 12 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 12 4 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 12 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 12 6 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 12 7 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 12 8 Civitatis Civitatis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 12 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 12 10 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-453 12 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 12 12 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-453 12 13 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-453 12 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 12 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 13 1 Emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 13 2 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-453 13 3 amassed amass VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 13 4 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 13 5 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 13 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 13 7 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-453 13 8 princeps princep VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 13 9 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 13 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 13 11 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-453 13 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 13 13 pontifex pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 13 14 maximus maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 13 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 14 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 14 2 legitimacy legitimacy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 14 5 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 14 7 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 8 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 14 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 14 11 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 14 14 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 14 16 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 14 19 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 14 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 14 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 14 22 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 23 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 14 24 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 14 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 14 26 proclaimed proclaim VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 28 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 14 29 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 14 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 14 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 14 32 invested invest VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 34 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 14 35 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 14 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 14 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 14 38 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 14 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 14 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 14 41 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-453 14 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 15 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 15 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 15 3 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 15 4 reigned reign VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 15 5 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-453 15 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 15 7 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 15 8 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 15 9 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 15 10 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-453 15 11 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-453 15 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 15 13 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 15 14 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 15 15 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 15 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 15 17 divide divide VB en-wikipedia-org-453 15 18 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 15 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 15 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 15 21 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 15 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-453 15 23 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 15 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 16 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 16 2 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 16 3 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 16 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 16 5 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 16 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 16 7 emperor emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 16 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 16 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 16 10 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 16 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 16 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-453 16 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 16 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 16 15 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-453 16 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 17 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 17 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 17 3 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 17 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 17 5 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 17 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 17 7 resolutely resolutely RB en-wikipedia-org-453 17 8 refused refuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 17 9 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 17 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 17 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 17 12 monarch monarch NN en-wikipedia-org-453 17 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 18 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-453 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 18 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 18 5 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 18 6 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 18 7 claim claim VB en-wikipedia-org-453 18 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 18 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 18 10 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 18 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 18 12 authentically authentically RB en-wikipedia-org-453 18 13 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 18 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 18 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 18 16 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 18 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 18 18 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 18 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 18 20 Nero Nero NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 18 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 18 22 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 18 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 18 24 convincingly convincingly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 18 25 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-453 18 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 18 27 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 18 28 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-453 18 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 19 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-453 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 19 4 Nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-453 19 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 19 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 19 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 19 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 19 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-453 19 10 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-453 19 11 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 19 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 19 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 19 14 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 19 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 19 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 19 17 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 19 18 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 19 19 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 19 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 19 21 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 19 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 19 23 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 19 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 19 25 portray portray VB en-wikipedia-org-453 19 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 19 27 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 19 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 19 29 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 19 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 19 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 19 32 republic republic NN en-wikipedia-org-453 19 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 20 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 2 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 20 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 20 4 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 5 tetrarchic tetrarchic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 6 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 20 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 20 8 divided divide VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 10 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 13 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 16 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 20 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 20 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 21 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 20 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 20 23 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 25 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 28 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 20 30 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 20 31 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 34 openly openly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 20 35 monarchic monarchic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 36 style[3 style[3 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 20 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 20 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 20 39 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 40 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 20 41 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-453 20 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 43 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 44 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 47 republic republic NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 20 49 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 20 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 51 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 20 54 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 20 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 20 56 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 57 maintained maintain VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 58 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 20 59 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 61 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 62 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 63 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 64 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 20 65 hereditary hereditary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 20 67 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 20 68 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 69 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 20 70 hereditary hereditary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 71 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 72 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-453 20 73 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 74 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 75 suitable suitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 76 candidate candidate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 77 acceptable acceptable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 78 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 80 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 20 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 83 bureaucracy,[4 bureaucracy,[4 NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 84 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 20 85 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-453 20 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 20 87 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 89 automatic automatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 20 90 inheritance inheritance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 91 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 20 92 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 20 93 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 20 94 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 21 1 Elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 21 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 21 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 21 4 republican republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 21 5 institutional institutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 21 6 framework framework NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 21 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 21 8 senate senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 21 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 21 10 consuls consuls NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 21 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 21 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 21 13 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 21 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 21 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 21 16 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 21 17 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-453 21 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 21 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 21 20 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 21 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 21 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 21 23 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 21 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 21 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 22 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 22 2 peaceful peaceful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 22 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 5 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 22 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 22 7 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 22 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 22 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 22 10 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 22 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 22 12 openly openly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 22 13 convert convert VB en-wikipedia-org-453 22 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 15 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 22 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 22 17 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 22 18 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 20 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 22 22 witnessed witness VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 22 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 22 24 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 22 27 Caput Caput NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 22 28 Mundi Mundi NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 22 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 30 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 22 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 32 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 22 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 34 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 22 35 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 22 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 23 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 23 2 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 23 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 23 4 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 23 5 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 23 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 23 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 23 8 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 23 9 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 23 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 23 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 23 12 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 23 13 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 23 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 23 15 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 23 16 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-453 23 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 23 18 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 23 19 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 23 20 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 23 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 24 1 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 24 2 Augustulus Augustulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 24 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 24 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-453 24 5 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 24 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 24 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 24 9 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 24 10 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 24 13 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 24 14 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 24 16 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 17 abdication abdication NN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 19 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 24 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 24 21 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 22 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 24 23 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 24 24 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 24 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 24 26 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 27 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 24 30 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 24 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 24 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 24 34 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 35 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 36 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 24 37 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 24 39 480 480 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 24 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 25 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 25 2 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 25 3 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-453 25 4 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 25 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 25 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 25 7 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 25 8 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 25 9 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 25 10 abolished abolish VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 25 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 25 12 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-453 25 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 25 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 25 15 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-453 25 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 25 17 proclaimed proclaim VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 25 18 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 25 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 25 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 25 21 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 25 22 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 25 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 25 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 25 25 reunited reunited JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 25 26 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 25 27 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 25 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 26 1 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 26 2 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 26 3 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 26 4 diplomatic diplomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 26 5 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 26 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 26 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 26 8 Companions Companions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 26 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 26 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 26 11 Prophet Prophet NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 26 12 Muhammad Muhammad NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 26 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 26 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 26 15 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 26 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 26 17 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 26 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 26 19 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 26 20 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 26 21 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 26 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 27 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 27 2 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 27 3 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 27 4 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 5 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 27 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 27 7 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-453 27 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 9 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 27 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 27 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 27 12 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 27 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 27 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 27 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 27 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 27 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 27 18 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 27 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 27 20 style style VB en-wikipedia-org-453 27 21 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 27 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 27 23 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 27 26 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 27 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 27 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 27 29 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-453 27 30 βασιλεύς βασιλεύς NN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 31 Ῥωμαίων Ῥωμαίων NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 27 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 33 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 27 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 27 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 27 36 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 27 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 27 38 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-453 27 39 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 42 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 27 43 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 27 45 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 27 46 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 27 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 28 1 Constantine constantine NN en-wikipedia-org-453 28 2 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 3 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 28 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 28 6 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 28 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 28 8 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 28 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 28 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 28 12 dying die VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 28 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 28 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 28 15 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 28 17 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 28 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 28 20 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 28 23 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 24 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 28 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 28 26 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 28 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 29 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 29 2 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 29 3 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 29 4 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 29 5 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 29 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 29 7 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 29 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 29 9 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 29 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 29 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 29 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 30 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 30 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 30 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 30 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 30 5 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 30 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 7 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 30 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 9 629 629 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 30 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 30 11 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-453 30 12 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 30 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 30 14 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 16 basileus basileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 30 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 30 18 βασιλεύς βασιλεύς NN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 30 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 30 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 30 22 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 30 23 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 30 24 meant mean VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 25 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 27 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 30 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 30 29 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 30 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 30 31 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 32 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 33 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-453 30 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 30 36 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 30 37 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 30 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 30 40 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 30 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 30 43 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 30 44 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 30 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 31 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 31 2 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 31 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 31 4 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 31 5 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 31 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 31 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 31 8 rēgas rēgas NN en-wikipedia-org-453 31 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 32 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 32 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 32 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 32 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 32 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 32 8 pontifical pontifical JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 32 9 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 32 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 32 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-453 32 12 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 32 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 32 14 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 32 15 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 32 16 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-453 32 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 32 18 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 32 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 33 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 33 3 eventual eventual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 33 4 hegemony hegemony NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 6 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 33 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 33 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 33 9 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 10 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 33 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 33 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 33 13 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 15 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 33 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 33 17 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 18 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 33 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-453 33 21 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-453 33 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 33 24 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 33 25 protector protector NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 33 27 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 33 30 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 33 31 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 33 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 33 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 33 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 33 35 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 37 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 38 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 33 39 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 33 41 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 42 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 43 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 33 44 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 33 45 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 33 46 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 33 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 48 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-453 33 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 34 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 34 4 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 34 5 rupture rupture NN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 34 8 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 34 9 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 34 11 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 34 12 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 34 13 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 34 14 treat treat VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 34 15 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 34 16 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 34 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 34 19 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 34 20 meaningful meaningful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 34 21 claimant claimant NN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 34 24 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 25 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 34 26 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 34 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 35 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 2 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 35 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 35 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 35 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 35 7 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 35 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 35 11 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 35 12 Sultans Sultans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 35 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 35 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 35 15 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 35 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 17 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 35 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 35 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 35 20 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 35 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 35 22 Kayser Kayser NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 35 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 35 24 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 35 25 Rum)[6 rum)[6 ADD en-wikipedia-org-453 35 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 35 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 35 28 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 35 31 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 35 32 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 35 34 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 35 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 35 36 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 35 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 35 38 1922 1922 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 35 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 36 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 36 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 36 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 5 claimant claimant JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 36 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 36 7 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 36 8 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 36 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 36 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 36 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 13 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 36 14 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 36 16 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 36 19 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 36 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 21 1461 1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 36 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 36 23 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 36 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 36 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 36 28 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 29 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 30 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-453 36 31 1282 1282 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 36 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 37 1 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 37 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 37 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 37 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 7 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 37 9 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 37 12 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 37 13 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-453 37 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 37 16 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 37 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 37 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 20 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 37 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 37 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 37 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 37 25 papacy papacy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 37 27 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 37 28 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 37 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 37 31 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 32 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 37 34 deposition deposition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 36 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 37 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 37 39 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 41 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 43 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 45 Empress Empress NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 37 46 regnant regnant NN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 37 48 797 797 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 37 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 38 1 Objecting object VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 38 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 4 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 5 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 38 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 10 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 38 11 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 38 12 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 38 14 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 38 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 17 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 38 18 clergy clergy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 38 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 21 Papacy Papacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 22 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 38 23 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 38 24 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-453 38 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 26 rival rival JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 38 27 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 38 30 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 38 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 32 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 38 33 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 38 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 36 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 37 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 38 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 38 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 38 40 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 41 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 38 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 43 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 44 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 45 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 38 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 47 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 38 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 38 50 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 51 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-453 38 52 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 38 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 38 54 1806 1806 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 38 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 39 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 39 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 39 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 39 4 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-453 39 5 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 39 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 39 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 39 8 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 39 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 39 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 39 11 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-453 39 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 39 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 39 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 39 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 39 16 coronations coronation NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 39 17 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 39 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 39 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 39 20 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 39 21 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-453 39 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 39 23 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-453 39 24 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 39 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 40 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 3 Background background NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 40 5 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 40 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 7 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 8 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 9 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 10 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 11 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 12 Princeps princep VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 13 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 14 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 16 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 17 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 18 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 19 Titles Titles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 40 21 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 22 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 23 Powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 24 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 25 Lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 40 27 epochs epoch NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 28 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 29 Principate principate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 30 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 31 Crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 34 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 35 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 36 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 37 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 38 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 39 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 42 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 43 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 44 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 45 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 46 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 47 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 48 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 49 assertions assertion NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 52 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 53 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 54 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 57 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 58 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 61 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 62 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 63 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 64 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 65 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 66 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 67 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 68 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 69 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 70 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 71 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 72 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 40 73 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 74 Lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 75 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 76 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 77 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 78 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 79 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 80 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-453 40 81 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 40 82 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 83 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 84 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 85 Background background NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 86 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 40 87 beginning[edit beginning[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 88 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 40 89 Statue Statue NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 90 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 91 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 40 93 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 94 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 40 95 BC–20 BC–20 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 96 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 97 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 40 98 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 99 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 100 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 101 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 102 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 103 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 104 Louvre Louvre NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 105 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 106 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 107 conventionally conventionally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 40 108 regard regard VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 109 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 110 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 111 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 112 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 113 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 114 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 115 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 116 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 117 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 118 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 119 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 120 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 121 dictator dictator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 122 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 123 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 124 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 125 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 126 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 40 127 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 128 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 129 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 40 130 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 131 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 132 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 40 133 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 40 134 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 40 135 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 40 136 Plutarch Plutarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 40 138 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 139 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 40 140 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 141 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 40 142 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 41 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 41 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-453 41 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 41 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 41 7 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 41 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 41 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 41 10 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 41 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 41 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 41 13 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 41 15 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 41 17 Younger Younger NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 41 19 Suetonius Suetonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 41 21 Appian Appian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 41 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-453 41 24 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-453 41 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 41 26 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 41 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 41 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 41 29 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 41 30 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 41 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 41 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 41 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 41 35 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 41 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 41 37 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 38 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 41 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 41 41 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 41 42 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 41 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 42 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 42 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 42 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 42 6 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 42 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 42 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 42 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 42 10 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 42 11 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-453 42 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 42 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 42 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 42 15 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 42 16 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-453 42 17 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 42 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 42 19 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 42 20 indicated indicate VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 42 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 42 22 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-453 42 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 42 24 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 42 25 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 42 26 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 42 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 43 1 Insofar insofar RB en-wikipedia-org-453 43 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 3 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 4 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 43 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 43 6 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 43 9 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 43 10 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 12 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 43 14 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 43 15 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 43 16 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 43 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 43 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 43 20 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 43 22 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 23 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 43 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 43 25 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 43 26 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-453 43 27 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 43 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 44 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-453 44 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 44 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 5 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 8 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 44 9 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 44 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 12 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 44 13 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 44 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 44 15 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 44 17 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 44 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 44 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 44 20 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 44 21 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 44 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-453 44 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 44 25 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 44 26 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 27 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 44 29 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-453 44 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 32 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 44 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 44 34 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 35 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 44 37 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 44 38 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 40 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 41 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 44 42 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 44 43 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 44 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 44 45 bestowed bestow VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 46 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 47 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 44 48 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 49 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 51 senate senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 44 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 44 53 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 44 54 fight fight VB en-wikipedia-org-453 44 55 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 56 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 57 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 44 58 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 59 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 60 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 44 61 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 44 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 45 1 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 45 2 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 45 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 45 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 45 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 45 6 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 45 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 8 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 45 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 45 10 accumulated accumulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 11 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 45 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 45 13 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 45 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 45 16 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 45 17 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 45 20 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 45 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 45 22 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 45 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 45 24 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 25 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 27 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-453 45 28 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 45 29 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 45 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 45 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 45 32 preventing prevent VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 45 33 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 35 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 45 36 aspirations aspiration NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 45 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 38 accumulating accumulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 45 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 45 40 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 45 41 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 45 43 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 45 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 46 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-453 46 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 46 3 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 46 4 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 46 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 46 6 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-453 46 7 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-453 46 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 46 9 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 46 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 46 11 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 46 12 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-453 46 13 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-453 46 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 46 15 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 46 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 46 17 vote vote NN en-wikipedia-org-453 46 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 46 19 approval approval NN en-wikipedia-org-453 46 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 47 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 47 5 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 47 6 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 47 7 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 47 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 47 9 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 47 10 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 47 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 12 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 13 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-453 47 14 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 47 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 47 16 dictator dictator VB en-wikipedia-org-453 47 17 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-453 47 18 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 47 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 47 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 47 21 appointed appoint VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 22 dictator dictator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 24 perpetuity perpetuity NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 47 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 47 26 dictator dictator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 47 27 perpetuo perpetuo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 47 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 47 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 30 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 47 31 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 47 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 47 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 47 34 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 47 36 pontifex pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 47 37 maximus maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 47 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 47 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 47 41 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 47 42 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 47 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 48 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 48 2 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 48 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 48 4 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 48 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 48 6 senatorial senatorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 48 7 consent consent NN en-wikipedia-org-453 48 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 48 9 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-453 48 10 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-453 48 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 48 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 48 13 assassination assassination NN en-wikipedia-org-453 48 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 48 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 48 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 48 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-453 48 18 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 48 19 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-453 48 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 48 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 48 22 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 48 23 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-453 48 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 49 1 Cameo Cameo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 49 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 3 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 49 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 49 6 quadriga quadriga NN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 7 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 9 tritons triton NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 49 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 49 11 Kunsthistorisches Kunsthistorisches NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 49 12 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 49 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 49 14 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 49 16 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 49 18 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 49 19 appointed appoint VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 49 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 49 21 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 22 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 23 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 49 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 49 26 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 49 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 50 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 2 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 50 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 50 4 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 50 6 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 50 7 inherited inherit VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 50 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 50 9 adoptive adoptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 50 10 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 50 12 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 50 14 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 50 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 50 17 loyalty loyalty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 50 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 21 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 50 22 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 50 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 50 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 50 25 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-453 50 26 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 50 28 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 50 29 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 31 senatorial senatorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 50 32 consent consent NN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 33 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 50 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 50 35 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 50 36 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 50 39 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 50 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 50 41 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 50 42 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 50 43 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 50 44 accrued accrue VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 50 46 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 50 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 51 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 51 2 decade decade NN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 3 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 4 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 51 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 51 6 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 51 8 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 51 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 51 10 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 51 13 erstwhile erstwhile JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 51 14 ally ally NN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 15 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 51 16 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 51 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 18 Actium Actium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 51 19 put put VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 51 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 51 21 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 23 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 51 24 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 51 25 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 51 27 confirmed confirm VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 51 28 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 51 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 51 30 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 51 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 52 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 52 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 52 5 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 6 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 52 7 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 52 9 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 52 11 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 52 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 52 13 retire retire VB en-wikipedia-org-453 52 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 15 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 52 16 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 52 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 52 18 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 52 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 52 21 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 52 23 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 52 24 requested request VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 52 25 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 26 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 52 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 52 29 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 52 30 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 52 31 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 52 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 52 33 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 52 34 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 35 lifelong lifelong JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 52 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 52 37 awarding award VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 52 38 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 52 40 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 42 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 52 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 52 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 52 45 elevated elevated JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 52 46 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 52 47 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 52 48 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 52 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 52 50 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-453 52 51 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 52 52 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 53 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 52 54 god god NN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 55 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 52 56 approaching approach VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 52 57 divinity divinity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 52 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 52 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 53 1 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 53 2 stayed stay VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 53 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 4 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 5 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 53 7 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 53 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 53 10 sheer sheer JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 53 11 breadth breadth NN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 53 14 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 53 15 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 53 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 17 princeps princep NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 53 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 53 19 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 53 20 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 22 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 53 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 53 24 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 53 25 guaranteed guarantee VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 53 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 53 27 peaceful peaceful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 53 28 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 30 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-453 53 31 nominally nominally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 53 32 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 53 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 53 34 republic republic NN en-wikipedia-org-453 53 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 54 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 54 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 54 3 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 54 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 6 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 54 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 54 9 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 54 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 54 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 54 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 54 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 14 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 54 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 54 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 54 17 demonstration demonstration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 54 20 auctoritas auctoritas JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 54 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 54 22 pious pious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 54 23 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 25 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 54 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 55 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-453 55 2 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-453 55 3 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 55 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 55 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 55 6 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 55 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 55 8 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-453 55 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 55 10 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-453 55 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 55 12 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 55 13 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-453 55 14 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 55 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 55 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 55 17 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 55 18 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 55 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 55 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 55 21 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 55 22 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-453 55 23 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-453 55 24 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 55 25 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 55 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 56 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-453 56 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 56 3 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 56 4 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-453 56 5 prepared prepare VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 56 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 56 7 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 8 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 9 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 56 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 56 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 56 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 56 13 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 56 15 pleaded plead VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 56 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 56 17 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 56 20 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 56 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 22 inheritance inheritance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 24 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 56 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 57 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 57 2 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 57 3 disputed dispute VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 57 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 57 5 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-453 57 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 57 7 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 57 8 confirmed confirm VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 57 9 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 57 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 57 11 princeps princep NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 57 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 58 1 Once once RB en-wikipedia-org-453 58 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 58 3 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 58 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 58 5 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 58 6 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 58 7 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 58 8 pains pain NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 58 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 58 10 observe observe VB en-wikipedia-org-453 58 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 58 12 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 58 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 58 14 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-453 58 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 58 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 58 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 58 18 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-453 58 19 substance substance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 58 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 58 21 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 58 22 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-453 58 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 59 1 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 2 period[edit period[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 59 4 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 6 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 9 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 12 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 15 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 59 17 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 19 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 20 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 21 Periods Periods NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 22 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 23 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 24 753–509 753–509 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 25 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 26 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 27 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 28 509–27 509–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 29 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 30 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 32 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 34 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 59 35 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 36 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 37 Principate principate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 38 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 39 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 40 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 59 41 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 42 284 284 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 43 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 44 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 45 284–641 284–641 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 46 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 47 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 48 395–476 395–476 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 49 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 50 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 51 395–1453 395–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 52 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 53 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 54 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 55 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 58 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 59 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 62 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 63 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 66 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 67 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 70 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 71 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 72 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 73 Legislative Legislative NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 74 assemblies assembly NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 75 Executive executive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 76 magistrates magistrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 77 Precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 59 79 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 80 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 81 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 82 Ius Ius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 83 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 84 Mos Mos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 85 maiorum maiorum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 86 Collegiality Collegiality NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 87 Auctoritas Auctoritas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 88 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 89 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 90 Cursus Cursus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 91 honorum honorum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 92 Senatus Senatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 93 consultum consultum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 94 Senatus Senatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 95 consultum consultum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 96 ultimum ultimum JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 97 Assemblies Assemblies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 98 Centuriate Centuriate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 99 Curiate curiate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 100 Plebeian plebeian NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 101 Tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 102 Ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 103 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 104 Consul Consul NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 105 Praetor Praetor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 106 Quaestor Quaestor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 107 Promagistrate Promagistrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 108 Aedile Aedile NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 109 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 110 Censor Censor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 111 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 112 Extraordinary extraordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 113 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 114 Corrector Corrector NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 115 Dictator Dictator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 116 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 117 equitum equitum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 118 Consular Consular NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 119 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 120 Rex Rex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 121 Triumviri Triumviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 122 Decemviri Decemviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 123 Titles Titles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 124 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 59 125 honours honour NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 126 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 127 Legatus Legatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 128 Dux Dux NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 129 Officium Officium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 130 Praeses Praeses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 131 Praefectus Praefectus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 132 Vicarius Vicarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 133 Vigintisexviri Vigintisexviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 134 Lictor Lictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 135 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 136 militum militum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 137 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 138 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 139 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 140 Pontifex Pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 141 maximus maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 142 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 143 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 144 Tetrarch Tetrarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 145 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 146 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 59 147 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 148 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 149 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 150 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 151 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 59 152 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 153 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 154 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 155 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 156 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 59 157 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 158 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 59 159 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 160 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 59 161 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 162 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 163 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 59 164 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 59 165 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 166 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 59 167 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 59 168 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 59 169 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 59 170 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 60 1 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 60 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 60 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 60 4 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 60 5 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-453 60 6 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 60 7 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 60 8 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 60 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 60 10 denote denote VB en-wikipedia-org-453 60 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 60 12 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 60 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 60 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 60 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 60 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 60 17 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 60 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 60 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 60 20 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 60 21 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 60 22 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 60 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 60 24 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 60 25 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-453 60 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 61 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 61 2 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 61 3 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 61 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 7 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 61 10 extraordinary extraordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 61 11 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 13 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 61 14 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 61 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 61 16 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 61 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 61 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 61 19 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 61 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 61 22 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 61 23 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-453 61 24 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 61 27 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 61 28 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 61 29 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 61 31 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 61 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 61 33 regularly regularly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 61 34 elected elect VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 61 37 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 61 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 39 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 61 41 censor censor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 61 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 62 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 62 4 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 62 6 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 62 7 privileges privilege NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 62 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 62 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 62 10 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 62 11 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 62 12 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 14 princeps princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 62 15 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 62 17 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 62 20 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 62 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 62 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 62 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 62 24 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 62 25 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 27 pontifex pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 62 28 maximus maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 62 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 62 30 chief chief JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 62 31 priest priest NN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 62 34 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 62 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 62 36 Pontiffs Pontiffs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 62 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 62 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 63 1 Every every DT en-wikipedia-org-453 63 2 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 3 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 63 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 63 5 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 63 6 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 63 8 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 9 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 10 Gratian Gratian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 63 11 surrendered surrender VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 63 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 63 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 14 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 15 382 382 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 63 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 63 17 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 63 18 Siricius Siricius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 63 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 63 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 63 21 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 63 22 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 63 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 63 24 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 63 25 honor honor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 63 28 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 63 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 63 30 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 63 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 64 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 64 2 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 64 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 64 4 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 64 5 conferred confer VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 64 6 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 7 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 8 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 64 10 dignitas dignitas JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 64 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 64 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 64 14 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 64 17 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 64 19 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 64 20 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 23 auctoritas auctorita NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 64 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 64 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 64 26 assumed assume VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 64 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 28 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 64 29 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 64 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 31 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 64 33 imperium imperium NN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 34 maius maius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 64 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 64 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 64 37 tribunician tribunician JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 38 power power NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 64 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 64 40 tribunicia tribunicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 64 41 potestas potestas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 64 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 64 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 44 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 45 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 64 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 64 47 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 48 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 49 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 50 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 64 51 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 64 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 65 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 65 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 65 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-453 65 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 65 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 65 6 formally formally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 65 7 outranked outrank VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 65 8 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 65 9 governors governor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 65 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 65 11 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 65 12 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 65 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 66 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 66 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 66 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 66 4 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 66 6 enact enact VB en-wikipedia-org-453 66 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 66 8 revoke revoke VB en-wikipedia-org-453 66 9 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 66 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 11 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 12 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 66 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 66 15 owed owe VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 66 17 obedience obedience NN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 19 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 66 20 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 66 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 66 22 privati privati NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 66 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 66 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 66 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 66 27 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 66 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 66 30 ius ius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 66 31 auxiliandi auxiliandi NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 66 32 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 66 33 save save VB en-wikipedia-org-453 66 34 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 66 35 plebeian plebeian NN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 37 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 66 38 patrician patrician JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 66 39 magistrate magistrate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 66 41 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-453 66 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 67 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 67 2 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 67 3 veto veto VB en-wikipedia-org-453 67 4 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 67 5 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-453 67 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 67 7 proposal proposal NN en-wikipedia-org-453 67 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 67 9 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 67 10 magistrate magistrate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 67 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 67 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 67 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 67 14 tribunes tribune NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 67 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 67 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 67 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 67 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 67 19 ius ius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 67 20 intercedendi intercedendi NN en-wikipedia-org-453 67 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 67 22 ius ius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 67 23 intercessionis intercessionis NN en-wikipedia-org-453 67 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 67 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 68 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 68 2 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-453 68 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 68 4 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 68 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 68 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 68 7 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 68 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 69 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 69 2 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 69 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 4 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 69 5 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 69 7 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 69 9 wear wear VB en-wikipedia-org-453 69 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 69 11 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 13 toga toga NN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 14 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 69 17 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 69 19 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 69 20 togas togas NN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 69 22 worn wear VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 24 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 69 25 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 69 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 69 27 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 69 28 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 69 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 69 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 69 31 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 33 togas togas VB en-wikipedia-org-453 69 34 bordered border VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 36 purple purple NN en-wikipedia-org-453 69 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 70 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 70 2 triumphal triumphal NN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 3 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 70 6 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 70 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 70 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 70 9 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 70 11 wear wear VB en-wikipedia-org-453 70 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 70 13 toga toga NN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 14 picta picta NN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 70 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 17 solid solid JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 70 18 purple purple NN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 70 20 richly richly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 70 21 embroidered embroider VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 70 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 70 25 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 70 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 70 28 triumphal triumphal NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 70 29 rite rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 70 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 71 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-453 71 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 71 3 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 71 4 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 71 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 71 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 71 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-453 71 8 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 71 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 71 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 71 11 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-453 71 12 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 71 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 72 1 Pompey Pompey NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 72 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 72 3 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 72 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 72 5 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-453 72 6 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 72 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 72 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-453 72 9 worn wear VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 72 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 72 11 triumphal triumphal NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 72 12 toga toga NN en-wikipedia-org-453 72 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 72 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 72 15 triumphal triumphal NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 72 16 dress dress VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 72 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 72 18 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 72 19 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 72 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 73 1 Later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 73 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 73 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 73 4 distinguished distinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 6 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 73 7 togae togae JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 73 8 purpurae purpurae NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 73 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 73 10 purple purple JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 73 11 togas togas NN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 73 13 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-453 73 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 73 15 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 73 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 73 18 don don VB en-wikipedia-org-453 73 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 73 20 purple purple NN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 73 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 73 24 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 26 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 73 27 dignity dignity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 73 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 74 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 2 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 74 3 customarily customarily RB en-wikipedia-org-453 74 4 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 7 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 74 8 dignity dignity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 74 10 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 74 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 74 13 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 74 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 74 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 74 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 18 emphasizes emphasize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 74 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 20 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 74 22 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 74 23 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 74 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 74 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 27 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 30 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 74 31 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 32 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 74 34 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 74 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 74 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 74 38 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 74 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 40 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 74 42 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 74 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 74 44 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 74 45 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 74 48 designated designated JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 74 49 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 74 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 52 Nobilissimus Nobilissimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 74 53 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 74 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 74 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 74 56 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 74 57 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 74 58 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 74 59 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 74 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 74 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 74 62 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 74 63 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 64 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 65 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 74 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 75 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 75 2 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 75 3 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 75 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 75 5 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 75 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 75 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 75 8 descriptive descriptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 75 9 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 75 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 75 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 75 12 majestic majestic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 75 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 75 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 75 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 75 16 venerable venerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 75 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 75 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 75 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 75 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 75 21 tinges tinge NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 75 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 75 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 75 24 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 75 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 75 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 75 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 75 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 75 29 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 75 30 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-453 75 31 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 75 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 76 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 76 2 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 76 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 76 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 76 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-453 76 6 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 76 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 76 8 rendered render VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 76 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 76 10 autokratōr autokratōr NN en-wikipedia-org-453 76 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 76 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 76 13 Αὐτοκράτωρ Αὐτοκράτωρ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 76 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 76 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 76 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 76 17 kaisar kaisar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 76 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 76 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 76 20 Καίσαρ Καίσαρ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 76 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 76 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 76 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 76 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 76 25 augoustos augoustos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 76 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 76 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 76 28 Αὔγουστος Αὔγουστος NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 76 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 76 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 76 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 76 32 sebastos sebastos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 76 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 76 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 76 35 Σεβαστός Σεβαστός NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 76 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 76 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 76 38 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-453 76 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 77 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 2 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 77 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 77 4 Tetrarchy Tetrarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 77 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 77 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 77 7 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 77 8 seniorities seniority NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 77 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 77 10 maintained maintain VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 77 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 77 13 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 77 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 77 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 77 16 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 77 19 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-453 77 20 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 77 21 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 77 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 77 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 77 24 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 77 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 77 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 77 28 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-453 77 29 junior junior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 77 30 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 77 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 77 32 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 77 33 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-453 77 34 delegated delegate VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 77 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 77 36 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 38 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 77 40 responsibility responsibility NN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 77 42 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-453 77 43 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 77 44 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 77 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 77 48 waiting waiting NN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 77 50 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-453 77 51 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 52 befall befall VB en-wikipedia-org-453 77 53 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 77 54 senior senior NN en-wikipedia-org-453 77 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 78 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 2 princeps princeps NN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 3 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 78 5 lit lit NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 78 6 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 78 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 78 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 78 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 78 10 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 78 13 senate senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 78 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 78 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 78 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 78 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 78 18 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 19 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 78 20 receive receive VB en-wikipedia-org-453 78 21 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 78 22 embassies embassy NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 78 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 78 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 78 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-453 78 27 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 78 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 78 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 78 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 31 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 78 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 78 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 78 34 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 78 36 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-453 78 37 delegated delegate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 38 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 78 39 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 78 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 78 42 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 78 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 79 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 79 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 79 3 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 79 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 79 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 79 6 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 79 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 79 8 tend tend VB en-wikipedia-org-453 79 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 79 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 79 11 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 79 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 79 13 chiefs chief NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 79 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 79 15 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-453 79 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 80 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 80 2 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 80 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 80 4 princeps princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 80 5 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 80 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 80 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-453 80 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 80 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 80 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 80 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 80 12 magistracy magistracy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 80 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 80 14 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 80 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 80 16 entail entail VB en-wikipedia-org-453 80 17 imperium imperium NN en-wikipedia-org-453 80 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 81 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-453 81 3 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 81 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 81 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 8 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 81 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 81 11 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 13 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 81 15 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 81 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 81 17 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 81 18 praetorian praetorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 81 19 prefects prefect NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 81 21 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 81 24 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 81 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 81 28 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 81 29 occasions occasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 81 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 81 32 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 81 35 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 81 36 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 37 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 81 38 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 81 39 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 81 41 grandmothers grandmother NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 81 42 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 81 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 81 44 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 81 45 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 47 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 81 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 82 1 Imperator[edit imperator[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 82 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 82 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 82 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 82 6 Imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 82 8 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 9 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 10 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 82 11 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-453 82 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 82 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 82 15 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 82 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 82 17 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 82 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 82 19 victorious victorious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 82 20 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 21 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 82 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 82 23 hailed hail VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 25 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 82 28 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 82 30 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 82 31 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 82 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 83 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 83 2 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 83 3 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 83 4 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 83 5 award award VB en-wikipedia-org-453 83 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 83 7 withhold withhold VB en-wikipedia-org-453 83 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 83 9 extraordinary extraordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 83 10 honour honour NN en-wikipedia-org-453 83 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 83 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 83 13 triumph triumph NN en-wikipedia-org-453 83 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 83 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 83 16 triumphal triumphal NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 83 17 commander commander NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 83 18 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 83 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 83 20 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 83 21 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 83 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 83 23 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 83 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 83 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 83 26 magistracy magistracy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 83 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 84 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 84 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 84 6 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 84 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 84 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 84 10 triumph triumph NN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 84 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-453 84 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 14 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 84 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 84 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 84 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 84 18 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 84 19 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 20 recipient recipient NN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 84 23 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 24 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 84 27 triumphal triumphal NN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 28 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 84 30 Aemilius Aemilius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 84 31 Paulus Paulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 84 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 84 33 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 84 34 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 84 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 85 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 85 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 85 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 85 7 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 8 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 10 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 85 11 pride pride NN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 85 13 Pompey Pompey NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 85 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 85 15 hailed hail VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 16 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-453 85 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 19 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-453 85 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 85 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 85 23 Sulla Sulla NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 85 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 85 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 85 28 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 29 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 31 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-453 85 32 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 85 33 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 34 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-453 85 35 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 85 36 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 85 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 38 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 85 40 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 85 41 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 85 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 85 43 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 85 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 85 45 excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 85 46 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 48 flattery flattery NN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 49 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 85 52 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 85 54 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 85 55 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 56 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 57 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 85 58 adopted adopted JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 85 59 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 60 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 61 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 62 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 85 63 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 85 65 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 85 66 synonymous synonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 85 67 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 85 68 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 85 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 86 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 86 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 5 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 86 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 86 7 Agrippa Agrippa NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 86 8 refused refuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 86 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 86 10 triumph triumph NN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 86 13 victories victory NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 86 14 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 15 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 86 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 86 17 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 86 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 86 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 86 21 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 22 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 86 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 86 24 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 86 27 princeps princep NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 86 28 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-453 86 29 assume assume VB en-wikipedia-org-453 86 30 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-453 86 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 86 32 salutation salutation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 86 34 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 36 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 86 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 87 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 87 2 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 87 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 87 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 7 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 87 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 87 9 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-453 87 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 87 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 87 12 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 13 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 87 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 87 15 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 87 16 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 87 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 87 20 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 87 22 praenomen praenomen NN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 87 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 87 25 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 87 26 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 87 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 87 28 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 87 29 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 87 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 88 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 88 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 88 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 88 4 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 88 5 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 88 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 88 7 denote denote VB en-wikipedia-org-453 88 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 88 9 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 88 10 power power NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 88 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 88 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 88 13 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 88 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 88 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 88 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-453 88 17 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-453 88 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 89 1 Otho Otho NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 89 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 89 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 89 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 89 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 89 6 imitate imitate VB en-wikipedia-org-453 89 7 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 89 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 89 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 89 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 89 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 89 12 Vespasian Vespasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 89 13 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 89 14 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 89 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 89 16 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 89 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 89 18 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 89 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 89 20 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 89 21 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 89 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 89 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 89 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 89 25 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 89 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 89 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 89 28 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 89 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 89 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 89 31 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 89 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 90 1 Princeps[edit princeps[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 90 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 90 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 90 4 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 90 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 90 6 Principate principate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 90 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 90 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 90 9 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 90 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 90 11 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 90 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 90 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 90 14 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-453 90 15 princeps princep VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 90 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 90 17 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 90 18 principes principe NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 90 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 90 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 90 21 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 90 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 90 23 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 90 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 90 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 90 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 90 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 90 28 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 90 29 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-453 90 30 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 90 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 90 32 denote denote VB en-wikipedia-org-453 90 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 90 34 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 90 35 citizen(s citizen(s NN en-wikipedia-org-453 90 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 90 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 90 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 90 39 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-453 90 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 91 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 91 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 91 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 91 4 purely purely RB en-wikipedia-org-453 91 5 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 91 6 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 91 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 91 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-453 91 9 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 91 10 duties duty NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 91 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 91 12 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 91 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 92 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 92 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 92 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 92 4 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-453 92 6 preferred preferred JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 92 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 8 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 92 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 92 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 12 implies imply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 92 13 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 92 14 primacy primacy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 92 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 17 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 19 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-453 92 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 21 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 92 22 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 92 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 92 24 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 92 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 92 27 implies imply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 92 28 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 92 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 93 1 Princeps princep NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 93 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 93 3 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 5 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 93 6 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 93 7 connotation connotation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 93 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 93 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-453 93 11 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 93 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 93 14 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-453 93 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 17 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 19 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 93 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 93 21 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 23 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 93 25 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 93 26 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 93 27 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 93 29 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-453 93 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 93 31 pontifex pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 93 32 maximus maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 93 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 34 tribunician tribunician JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 93 35 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 93 37 imperium imperium NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 38 superseding supersede VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 93 39 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 40 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 93 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 93 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 93 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 44 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 93 45 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 93 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 47 keeping keep VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 93 48 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 50 façade façade NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 53 restored restore VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 54 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 93 55 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 93 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 57 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 93 58 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 59 basileus basileus FW en-wikipedia-org-453 93 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 93 61 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 93 62 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 93 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 93 65 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 93 66 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 67 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 93 68 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 93 69 synonymous synonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 93 70 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 71 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 72 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 93 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 93 74 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-453 93 75 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 93 76 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 77 favour favour NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 78 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 80 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 82 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 93 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 93 84 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 85 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 86 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 93 87 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 93 88 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 89 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 93 90 sensibility sensibility NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 91 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 93 92 openly openly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 93 93 viewed view VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 93 94 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 95 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 96 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 97 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 93 98 monarch monarch NN en-wikipedia-org-453 93 99 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 94 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 94 3 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 5 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 94 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 94 7 beyond beyond RB en-wikipedia-org-453 94 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 94 9 princeps princep NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 94 10 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 94 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 12 disuse disuse NN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 94 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 94 15 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 17 dominus dominus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 94 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 94 20 lord");[12 lord");[12 VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 94 22 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 94 23 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 94 24 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 94 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 94 26 formula formula NN en-wikipedia-org-453 94 27 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 94 28 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 94 29 NN NN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 94 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 95 1 Pius Pius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 95 2 Felix Felix NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 95 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 95 4 Invictus Invictus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 95 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 95 6 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 95 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 95 8 NN NN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 95 9 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 95 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 95 11 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-453 95 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 95 13 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 95 14 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-453 95 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 95 16 Pius Pius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 95 17 Felix Felix NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 95 18 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 95 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 95 20 Pious pious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 95 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 95 22 Blest blest JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 95 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 95 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 95 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 95 26 Invictus Invictus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 95 27 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 95 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 95 29 undefeated undefeated JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 95 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 95 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 96 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 96 2 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 4 princeps princep NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 96 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 96 6 dominus dominus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 7 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 96 8 symbolise symbolise VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 96 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 96 10 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 96 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 96 13 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 96 15 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 96 17 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 96 18 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 96 21 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-453 96 22 designations designation NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 96 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 96 24 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 96 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 96 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 96 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 96 28 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 96 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 96 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 97 1 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 3 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 97 4 Antiquity[edit Antiquity[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-453 97 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 97 6 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 7 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 97 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 97 9 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 97 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 97 11 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 97 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 97 14 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 97 15 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 97 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 97 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 97 18 severely severely RB en-wikipedia-org-453 97 19 damaged damage VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 20 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 97 21 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 97 23 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 97 24 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 97 25 enacted enact VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 97 26 sweeping sweeping JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 97 27 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 97 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 97 29 washed wash VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 97 30 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-453 97 31 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 97 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 97 34 vestiges vestige NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 97 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 97 36 façades façade NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 97 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 38 republicanism republicanism NN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 97 40 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 97 41 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 97 43 Augustan Augustan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 97 44 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 46 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 97 49 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-453 97 50 frank frank JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 97 51 autocracy autocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 97 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 98 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 98 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 98 5 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 98 6 distinguish distinguish VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 98 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 98 8 Augustan Augustan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 98 9 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 98 12 principate principate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 98 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 98 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 17 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 98 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 98 20 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 98 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 98 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 23 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 98 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 25 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 98 26 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 98 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 98 29 dominate dominate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 98 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 98 33 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 98 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 98 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 98 36 lord lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 98 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 98 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 98 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 99 1 Reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 99 2 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-453 99 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 99 5 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 99 6 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 99 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 8 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 99 10 sharing sharing NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 99 13 republic republic NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 99 15 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-453 99 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 99 17 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 99 18 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 99 21 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 99 24 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 99 25 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 99 27 Tetrarchy Tetrarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 99 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 99 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 99 30 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 32 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-453 99 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 99 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 99 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 36 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 99 37 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 99 39 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-453 99 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 41 smoother smoother NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 42 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 99 44 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 99 45 continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 47 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-453 99 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 100 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 100 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 100 3 Tetrarchy tetrarchy JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 100 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 100 5 Diocletian diocletian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 100 6 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-453 100 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 100 8 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-453 100 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 100 10 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-453 100 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 100 12 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 100 13 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 100 14 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 100 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 100 16 styled style VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 100 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 100 18 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 100 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 100 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 100 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 100 22 junior junior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 100 23 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 100 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 100 25 styled style VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 100 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 100 27 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 100 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 100 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 101 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 101 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 101 3 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-453 101 4 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 101 5 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 101 6 retired retire VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 101 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 101 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 101 9 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 101 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 101 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 101 12 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 101 13 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 101 14 emperor emperor JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 101 15 Maximian Maximian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 101 16 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 101 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 101 18 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 101 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 101 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 101 21 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 101 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 101 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 101 24 junior junior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 101 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 101 26 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 101 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 101 28 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 101 29 succeed succeed VB en-wikipedia-org-453 101 30 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 101 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 101 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 101 33 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 101 34 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 101 35 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 101 36 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 101 37 appoint appoint VB en-wikipedia-org-453 101 38 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 101 39 Caesars Caesars NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 101 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 101 41 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 101 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 102 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 102 2 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-453 102 3 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 102 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 102 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 102 6 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 102 7 college college NN en-wikipedia-org-453 102 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 102 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 102 10 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 102 11 call call VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 102 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 102 13 arrangement arrangement NN en-wikipedia-org-453 102 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 102 15 shared share VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 102 16 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 102 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 102 18 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 102 19 challenges challenge NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 102 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 102 21 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-453 102 22 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 102 23 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 102 24 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 102 25 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 102 26 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 102 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 102 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 102 29 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 102 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 103 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 103 3 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 103 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-453 103 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 103 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 103 8 consistently consistently RB en-wikipedia-org-453 103 9 repeated repeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 103 12 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 103 13 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 103 14 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 103 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 103 16 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 103 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 103 18 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 103 21 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 103 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 103 23 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 24 partition partition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 103 27 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 103 29 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 103 30 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 103 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 32 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 103 33 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-453 103 34 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 103 36 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 37 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 103 38 stopped stop VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 103 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 104 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 104 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-453 104 3 halves half NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 104 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 5 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 104 7 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-453 104 9 run run VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 104 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 11 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-453 104 12 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-453 104 13 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 104 14 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 104 15 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 104 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 104 19 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 104 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 104 22 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-453 104 23 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 104 25 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 104 27 legally legally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 104 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 104 29 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-453 104 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 104 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 32 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 104 33 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 104 34 divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 104 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 104 37 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 104 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 104 39 insoluble insoluble JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 104 40 imperium imperium NN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 104 43 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 104 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 104 46 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-453 104 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 105 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 105 2 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 105 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 105 4 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-453 106 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 106 2 tremissis tremissis NN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 106 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 106 6 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 106 7 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 8 Augustulus Augustulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 106 10 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 11 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 106 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 106 14 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 106 15 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 106 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 106 18 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 19 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 106 22 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 23 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 106 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 106 26 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-453 106 27 jure jure NN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 28 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 30 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 31 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 106 33 deposition deposition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 35 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 36 Augustulus Augustulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 37 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 106 38 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 39 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 40 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 41 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 106 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 106 43 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 106 44 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 106 45 Arcadius Arcadius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 106 47 Honorius Honorius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 106 49 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-453 106 50 proclaimed proclaim VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 51 augusti augusti NN en-wikipedia-org-453 106 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 106 53 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 106 54 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 106 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 107 1 Eighty eighty CD en-wikipedia-org-453 107 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 107 3 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-453 107 4 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 107 5 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-453 107 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 107 7 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 107 8 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 107 9 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 107 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 107 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 107 12 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 107 14 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 107 16 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 107 17 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 18 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 19 Brittania Brittania NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 107 21 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 107 23 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 107 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 107 26 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 28 military military NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 29 coup coup FW en-wikipedia-org-453 107 30 d'état d'état FW en-wikipedia-org-453 107 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 107 32 drove drive VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 107 33 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 34 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 35 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 37 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 107 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 107 40 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 42 dividing divide VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 107 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 107 44 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 46 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 47 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 107 48 formally formally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 107 49 abolished abolish VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 107 51 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 52 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 107 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 107 54 480 480 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 107 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 107 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 108 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 108 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 108 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 108 4 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 108 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 108 7 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 8 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 9 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 108 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 108 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 108 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 108 13 marginalization marginalization NN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 108 16 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 108 17 heartland heartland NN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 19 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 108 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 108 22 empire[clarification empire[clarification CD en-wikipedia-org-453 108 23 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 108 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 108 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 108 27 profound profound JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 108 28 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 108 29 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 108 32 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 108 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 108 35 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 37 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 108 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 109 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 109 2 620 620 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 109 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 109 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 109 5 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 109 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-453 109 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 109 8 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 109 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 109 10 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 109 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 109 12 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 109 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 110 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 110 2 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 110 4 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 110 5 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 110 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 110 7 Romaioi Romaioi NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 110 9 Ῥωμαῖοι Ῥωμαῖοι NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 110 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 110 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 110 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 110 14 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-453 110 15 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 110 16 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 110 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 110 18 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 110 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 110 21 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 110 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 110 23 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 24 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 110 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 110 27 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 28 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 110 30 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 110 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 110 33 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 110 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 111 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 111 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 111 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 111 4 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 111 5 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 111 6 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 111 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 111 8 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-453 111 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 111 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 111 11 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 111 12 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 111 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 111 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 111 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 111 16 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 111 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 111 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 111 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 112 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 112 2 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 112 5 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 112 8 no no NN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 112 10 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-453 112 11 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 112 12 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 14 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 112 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 112 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 112 17 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 112 20 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-453 112 21 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 112 22 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 112 23 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 112 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 112 25 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-453 112 26 divergent divergent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 112 27 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 112 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 112 29 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 112 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 112 32 schism schism NN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 33 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-453 112 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 112 35 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 112 36 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 112 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 112 38 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 112 39 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 112 40 faiths faith NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 112 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 113 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 113 2 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-453 113 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 113 4 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 113 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 113 6 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 113 7 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 113 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 113 9 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 113 10 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 113 11 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 113 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 113 13 kingship kingship NN en-wikipedia-org-453 113 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 114 1 Starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 114 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 3 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 4 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 114 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 114 7 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 114 8 styled style VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 114 9 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 114 11 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 13 Kings Kings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 114 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 114 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 114 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 114 18 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 114 19 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 20 Shahanshah Shahanshah NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 114 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 23 627 627 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 114 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 114 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 114 26 Basileus Basileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 114 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 114 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 114 31 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 32 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 34 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 114 36 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 114 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 114 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 114 39 629 629 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 114 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 115 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 115 2 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 115 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 115 6 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 115 8 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 9 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 115 11 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 115 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 115 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 115 15 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 17 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 115 18 convention convention NN en-wikipedia-org-453 115 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 116 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 116 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 116 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 116 5 Titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 116 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 116 7 positions[edit positions[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 116 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 116 9 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 116 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 116 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 116 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 116 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-453 116 14 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 116 15 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 116 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 116 17 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 116 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 116 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 116 20 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 116 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 116 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 116 23 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 116 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 116 25 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 116 26 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 116 27 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 116 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 116 29 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-453 116 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 116 31 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 116 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 116 33 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 116 34 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 116 35 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 116 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 116 37 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 116 38 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-453 116 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 116 40 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-453 116 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 117 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 117 2 consular consular JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 117 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 117 4 censorial censorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 117 5 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 117 6 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-453 117 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 117 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 117 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 117 10 integral integral JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 117 11 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-453 117 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 117 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 117 14 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 117 15 dignity dignity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 117 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 117 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 117 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 117 19 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 117 20 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 117 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 117 22 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 117 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 117 24 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-453 117 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 117 26 reigning reign VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 117 27 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 117 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 118 1 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 118 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 118 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 118 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 118 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 118 6 Αὔγουστος Αὔγουστος NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 118 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 118 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 118 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 118 10 Σεβαστός Σεβαστός NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 118 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 118 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 118 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 118 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 118 15 Majestic Majestic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 118 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 118 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 118 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 118 19 Venerable Venerable NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 118 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 118 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 118 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 118 23 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 118 24 cognomen cognoman NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 118 25 exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 118 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 118 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 118 28 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 118 29 Autokrator Autokrator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 118 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 118 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 118 32 Αὐτοκράτωρ Αὐτοκράτωρ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 118 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 118 34 Autokratōr Autokratōr NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 118 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 118 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 118 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 118 38 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 118 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 119 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 119 2 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 119 4 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 119 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 119 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 8 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 9 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 10 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 119 12 imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 119 14 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 119 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 119 18 chief chief NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 19 Basileus Basileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 119 22 Βασιλεύς Βασιλεύς NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 119 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 119 25 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 27 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 119 29 popularly popularly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 119 30 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 33 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 119 35 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-453 119 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 38 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 41 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 42 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 45 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 46 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 47 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 119 48 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 49 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 50 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 119 53 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 119 54 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 119 55 Καίσαρ Καίσαρ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 56 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 119 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 119 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 119 59 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 119 60 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 61 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 119 62 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 63 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-453 119 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 65 cognomen cognoman NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 119 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 67 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 68 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 119 70 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 71 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 72 transformed transform VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 73 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 74 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 75 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 76 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 77 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 78 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 79 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 80 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-453 119 81 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 82 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 119 83 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-453 119 84 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 85 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 86 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 119 87 designate designate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 88 Censor censor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 89 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 90 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 91 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 92 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 93 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 94 jointly jointly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 119 95 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 96 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 97 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 98 consuls consul NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 119 99 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 100 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 101 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 119 102 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 103 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 104 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 105 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 106 conducting conduct VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 119 107 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 108 lustrum lustrum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 109 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 110 determined determine VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 111 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 112 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 113 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 114 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 119 115 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 116 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 117 censor censor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 118 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 119 audit audit VB en-wikipedia-org-453 119 120 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 121 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 122 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 119 123 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 119 124 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 125 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 126 finances finance VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 127 Consul Consul NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 128 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 129 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 130 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 119 131 magistracy magistracy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 132 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 133 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 134 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 135 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 136 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 137 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 138 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 139 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 119 140 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 141 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 142 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 119 143 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 144 coequal coequal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 119 145 officeholder officeholder NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 146 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 119 147 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 148 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 149 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 119 150 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 119 151 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 152 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 153 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 154 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-453 119 155 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 119 156 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 120 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 120 2 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 120 3 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 120 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 120 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 120 6 bestowed bestow VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 120 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 120 8 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 120 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 120 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 120 11 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 120 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 120 13 Constans Constans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 120 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 120 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 120 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 120 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 120 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 120 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 120 20 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 120 21 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 120 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 120 23 visit visit VB en-wikipedia-org-453 120 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 120 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 121 1 Dominus dominus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 121 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 121 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 121 4 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 121 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 121 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 121 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 121 8 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 121 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 121 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 121 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 121 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 121 13 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 121 14 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 121 15 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 121 16 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 121 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 121 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 121 19 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 121 20 Dominus Dominus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 121 21 Noster Noster NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 121 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 121 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 121 24 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 121 25 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 121 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 121 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 121 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 121 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 121 30 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 121 31 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 121 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 121 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 121 34 praenomen praenoman NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 121 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 121 36 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 121 37 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 121 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 122 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 122 5 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 122 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 122 8 Commander Commander NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 122 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 122 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 122 12 Commander Commander NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 122 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 122 16 Chief Chief NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 122 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 122 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 122 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 122 21 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 22 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 23 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 25 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 122 28 purple purple NN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 122 30 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 122 32 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 122 33 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 122 34 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 35 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 36 Destinatus Destinatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 122 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 122 39 Destined destine VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 122 41 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 122 42 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 122 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 122 45 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 122 46 heir heir VB en-wikipedia-org-453 122 47 apparent apparent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 122 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 122 49 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 51 Septimius Septimius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 52 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 53 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 54 Caracalla Caracalla NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 55 Invictus Invictus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 122 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 122 57 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 122 58 Unconquered unconquered JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 122 59 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 122 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 122 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 122 62 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 122 63 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 122 64 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 122 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 123 1 Nobilissimus Nobilissimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 4 Nωβελίσσιμος Nωβελίσσιμος NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 6 Nōbelissimos Nōbelissimos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 11 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 12 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 19 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 20 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 21 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 22 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 25 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 26 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 123 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 29 sardonyx sardonyx JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 30 cameo cameo NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 32 Caligula Caligula NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 35 goddess goddess NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 36 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 39 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 123 41 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 42 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 44 Kunsthistorisches Kunsthistorisches NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 45 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 47 Pater Pater NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 48 Patriae Patriae NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 50 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 51 Father Father NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 54 Fatherland Fatherland NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 57 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 58 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 59 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 60 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 61 Perpetuus Perpetuus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 63 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 64 Universal Universal NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 65 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 67 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 68 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 69 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 70 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 72 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 73 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 74 Pius Pius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 75 Felix Felix NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 77 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 78 Pious pious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 80 Blessed blessed JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 81 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 82 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 83 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 84 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 85 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 86 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 87 Pontifex Pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 88 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 89 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 90 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 91 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 92 Pontiff Pontiff NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 93 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 94 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 95 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 96 Chief Chief NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 97 Priest Priest NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 98 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 100 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 101 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 102 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 103 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 104 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 106 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 107 Pontifex Pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 108 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 109 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 110 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 111 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 112 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 113 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 114 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 115 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 116 Pontiffs Pontiffs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 117 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 118 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 119 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 120 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 121 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 122 oversaw oversee VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 123 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 124 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 125 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 126 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 127 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 128 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 129 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 130 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 131 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 132 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 133 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 134 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 135 Pontifex Pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 136 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 137 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 138 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 139 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 140 elected elect VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 141 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 143 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 144 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 145 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 146 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 147 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 148 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 149 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 150 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 151 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 152 consolidating consolidate VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 123 153 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 154 authority authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 155 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 156 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 157 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 158 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 159 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 160 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 161 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 162 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 163 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 164 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 165 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 166 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 167 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 168 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 169 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 170 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 171 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 172 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 173 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 174 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 175 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 176 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 177 Citizen Citizen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 178 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 179 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 180 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 181 Leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 123 182 Citizen Citizen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 183 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 184 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 185 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 186 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 187 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 188 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 189 denoting denote VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 123 190 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 191 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 192 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 193 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 194 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 195 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-453 123 196 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-453 123 197 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 198 equals equal NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 199 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 200 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 201 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 123 202 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 203 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 204 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 205 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 206 Iuventutis Iuventutis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 207 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 208 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 209 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 210 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 211 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 212 Youth Youth NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 213 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 214 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 215 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 216 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 217 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 218 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 219 awarded award VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 220 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 221 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 222 presumptive presumptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 223 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 224 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 123 225 designate designate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 226 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 227 Senatus Senatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 228 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 229 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 230 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 231 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 232 Man man NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 233 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 234 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 235 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 236 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 237 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 238 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 239 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 240 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 241 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 242 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 243 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 244 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 245 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 123 246 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 247 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 248 Sebastos Sebastos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 249 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 250 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 251 Σεβαστός Σεβαστός NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 252 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 253 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 254 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 255 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 256 Venerable Venerable NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 257 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 258 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 259 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 260 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 261 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 262 rendition rendition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 263 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 264 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 265 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 266 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 267 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 268 Sebastokrator Sebastokrator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 269 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 270 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 271 Σεβαστοκράτωρ Σεβαστοκράτωρ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 272 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 273 Sebastokratōr Sebastokratōr NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 274 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 275 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 276 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 277 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 278 Venerable venerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 279 Ruler Ruler NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 280 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 281 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 282 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 283 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 284 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 285 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 286 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 287 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 288 compound compound NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 289 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 290 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 291 sebastos sebasto NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 292 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 293 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 294 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 295 venerable venerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 296 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 297 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 298 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 299 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 300 equivalent equivalent NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 301 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 302 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 303 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 304 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 305 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 306 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 307 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 308 kratōr kratōr NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 309 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 310 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 311 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 312 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 313 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 314 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 315 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 316 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 317 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 318 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 319 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 320 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 321 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 322 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 323 autokratōr autokratōr NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 324 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 325 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 326 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 327 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 328 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 329 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 330 Tribunicia Tribunicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 331 Potestas Potestas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 332 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 333 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 334 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 335 Tribunician Tribunician NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 336 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 337 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 338 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 339 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 123 340 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 341 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 342 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 343 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 344 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 345 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 346 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 347 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 348 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 349 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 123 350 sacrosanctity sacrosanctity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 351 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 352 inviolability inviolability NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 353 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 354 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 355 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 356 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 357 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 358 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 359 veto veto NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 360 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 361 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 362 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 363 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 364 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 365 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 366 magistrate magistrate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 367 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 368 assembly assembly NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 369 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 370 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 371 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 372 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 373 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 374 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 375 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 376 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 377 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 123 378 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 123 379 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 380 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 381 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 382 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 383 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 384 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 385 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 386 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 387 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 388 plebeian plebeian NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 389 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 390 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 391 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 392 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-453 123 393 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 394 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 395 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 396 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 397 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 398 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 399 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 400 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 401 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 402 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 403 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 123 404 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 123 405 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 406 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 407 Powers[edit powers[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 408 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 409 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 123 410 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 411 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 412 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 413 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 414 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 415 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 416 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 417 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 418 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 419 authority authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 420 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 421 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 422 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 423 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 424 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 425 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 426 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 427 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 428 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 123 429 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 430 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 123 431 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 432 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 433 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 434 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 123 435 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 123 436 demonstration demonstration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 437 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 123 438 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 123 439 auctoritas auctorita NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 123 440 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 441 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 123 442 authority authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 123 443 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 123 444 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 123 445 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 124 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 2 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 124 3 princeps princep NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 124 4 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 124 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 124 7 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 8 declared declare VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 124 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 124 10 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 124 12 closure closure NN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 14 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-453 124 15 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 124 16 session session NN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 124 18 declared declare VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 124 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 124 20 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 124 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 124 22 agenda agenda NN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 124 24 imposed impose VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 124 25 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 124 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 124 27 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 124 30 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 124 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 124 32 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-453 124 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 124 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 124 35 met meet VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 124 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 37 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 124 38 ambassadors ambassador NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 124 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 124 41 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 124 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 124 44 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 124 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 125 1 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 125 2 pontifex pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 125 3 maximus maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 125 4 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 125 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 8 chief chief JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 125 9 administrator administrator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 11 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 125 12 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 125 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 125 14 granting grant VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 125 15 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 125 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 17 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 125 19 conduct conduct VB en-wikipedia-org-453 125 20 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 21 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 125 22 ceremonies ceremony NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 125 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 125 24 consecrate consecrate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 25 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 125 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 125 27 control control VB en-wikipedia-org-453 125 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 125 30 calendar calendar NN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 125 32 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 125 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 125 34 removing remove VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 125 35 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 125 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 37 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 125 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 125 40 appoint appoint VB en-wikipedia-org-453 125 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 42 vestal vestal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 125 43 virgins virgin NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 125 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 125 45 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 46 flamens flamen NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 125 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 125 48 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-453 125 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 50 Collegium Collegium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 125 51 Pontificum Pontificum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 125 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 125 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 125 54 summarize summarize VB en-wikipedia-org-453 125 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 56 dogma dogma NN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 125 59 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 125 60 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-453 125 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 126 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 126 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 126 3 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 126 4 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 126 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 126 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 126 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 126 8 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 126 9 deal deal NN en-wikipedia-org-453 126 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 126 11 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 126 12 pride pride NN en-wikipedia-org-453 126 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 126 14 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-453 126 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 126 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 126 17 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 126 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 126 19 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-453 126 20 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 126 21 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 126 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 127 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 127 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 127 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 127 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 127 5 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 127 6 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 127 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 127 8 emperorship emperorship NN en-wikipedia-org-453 127 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 127 10 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 127 11 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 127 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 128 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 128 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 128 4 Tribunicia Tribunicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 128 5 Potestas Potestas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 128 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 128 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 128 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 9 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 128 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 12 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 15 plebs plebs NN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 16 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 17 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 128 18 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 128 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 20 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 128 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 23 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 128 24 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-453 128 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 26 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 128 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 128 28 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 30 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 128 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 33 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 35 plebeian plebeian NN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 128 37 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 38 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 128 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 128 40 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 41 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 42 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 44 plebeian plebeian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 128 45 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 128 47 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 128 48 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 50 patrician patrician NN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 51 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 128 52 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 128 53 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 128 54 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 55 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 128 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 128 57 gens gen NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 128 58 Julia Julia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 128 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 128 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 129 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 129 2 endowed endow VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 129 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 129 4 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 6 inviolability inviolability NN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 129 8 sacrosanctity sacrosanctity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 129 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 129 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 129 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 129 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 129 16 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 129 18 pardon pardon VB en-wikipedia-org-453 129 19 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 129 20 civilian civilian NN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 22 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 129 23 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-453 129 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 129 25 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 129 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 129 27 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-453 129 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 130 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 130 2 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 130 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 130 4 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 130 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 130 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 130 7 tribune tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 130 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 130 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 130 10 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 130 11 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 130 12 prosecute prosecute VB en-wikipedia-org-453 130 13 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-453 130 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 130 15 interfered interfere VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 130 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 130 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 130 18 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 130 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 130 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 130 21 duties duty NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 130 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 131 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 131 2 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 131 4 tribuneship tribuneship NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 5 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 131 6 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 131 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 131 8 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 131 10 convene convene VB en-wikipedia-org-453 131 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 131 12 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 131 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 131 15 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 131 17 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-453 131 18 proposals proposal NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 131 19 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 131 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 131 22 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-453 131 23 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-453 131 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 131 26 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 131 28 veto veto VB en-wikipedia-org-453 131 29 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 131 30 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 131 32 proposal proposal NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 34 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 131 35 magistrate magistrate NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 131 37 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 131 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 131 39 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 131 40 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 131 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 131 43 plebeians plebeian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 131 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 132 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 132 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 132 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 4 holder holder NN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 132 7 tribune tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 132 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 132 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 132 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 132 12 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 132 14 convoke convoke VB en-wikipedia-org-453 132 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 132 16 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 132 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 132 19 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 132 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 132 21 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 132 22 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 23 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 132 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 132 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 132 27 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 132 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 132 30 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 132 32 president president NN en-wikipedia-org-453 132 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 133 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 133 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 133 3 tribuneship tribuneship NN en-wikipedia-org-453 133 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 133 5 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 133 6 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 133 7 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 133 8 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-453 133 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 133 10 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 133 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 134 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 134 2 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 134 3 need need VB en-wikipedia-org-453 134 4 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-453 134 5 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 134 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 134 7 veto veto VB en-wikipedia-org-453 134 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 134 9 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-453 134 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 134 11 governors governor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 134 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 134 13 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-453 134 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 134 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 134 16 consuls consul NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 134 17 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 134 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 134 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 134 20 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 134 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 135 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 135 2 solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-453 135 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 135 4 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-453 135 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 135 6 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 135 7 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 135 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 135 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-453 135 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 135 11 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 135 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 135 13 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 135 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 135 15 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-453 135 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 135 17 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-453 135 18 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-453 135 19 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 135 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 135 21 imperium imperium NN en-wikipedia-org-453 135 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 136 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 136 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 136 3 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 136 4 consular consular JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 136 5 imperium imperium NN en-wikipedia-org-453 136 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 136 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 136 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 136 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 136 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 136 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 136 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 136 13 imperium imperium NN en-wikipedia-org-453 136 14 maius maius NN en-wikipedia-org-453 136 15 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-453 136 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 136 17 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 136 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 137 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 2 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 137 4 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 137 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 137 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 137 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 137 9 reigning reign VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 137 10 consuls consul NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 137 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 137 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 137 13 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 14 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 137 15 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 137 16 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 137 18 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-453 137 19 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 137 20 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 137 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 137 22 veto veto VB en-wikipedia-org-453 137 23 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-453 137 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 137 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 137 26 proposals proposal NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 137 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 137 28 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 137 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 137 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 137 32 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 33 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 137 34 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 137 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 137 37 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-453 137 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 137 39 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 137 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 138 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 138 2 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-453 138 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 138 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 138 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 138 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 138 7 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 138 8 outranked outrank VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 138 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 138 10 consuls consul NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 138 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 138 12 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 138 13 veto veto VB en-wikipedia-org-453 138 14 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 138 15 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-453 138 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 138 17 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 138 18 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 138 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 138 20 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 138 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 139 1 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 139 2 Maius Maius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 139 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 139 4 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 139 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 139 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 139 7 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 139 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-453 139 9 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-453 139 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 139 11 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 139 12 governors governor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 139 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 139 14 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 139 15 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 139 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 139 17 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 139 18 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 139 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 139 20 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 139 21 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 139 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 139 23 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 139 24 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 139 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 139 26 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 139 27 command command NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 139 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 139 29 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 139 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 139 31 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 139 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 139 33 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 139 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 140 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 140 2 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 140 3 Maius Maius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 140 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 140 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 140 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 140 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 140 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 140 9 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 140 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 140 11 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 140 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 140 13 appoint appoint VB en-wikipedia-org-453 140 14 governors governor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 140 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 140 16 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 140 17 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 140 18 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-453 140 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 140 20 interference interference NN en-wikipedia-org-453 140 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 140 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 140 23 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 140 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 141 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 141 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 141 3 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 141 4 Maius Maius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 141 5 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 141 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 141 7 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 141 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 141 9 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-453 141 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 141 11 veto veto VB en-wikipedia-org-453 141 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 141 13 governors governor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 141 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 141 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 141 16 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 141 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 141 18 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-453 141 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 141 20 reigning reign VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 141 21 consuls consul NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 141 22 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 141 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 141 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 141 25 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 141 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 142 1 Lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 142 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 142 3 epochs[edit epochs[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 142 5 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 142 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 8 Sardonyx Sardonyx NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 9 cameo cameo NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 142 12 eagle eagle NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 142 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 142 15 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 17 Jupiter Jupiter NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 142 19 Kunsthistorisches Kunsthistorisches NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 20 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 142 22 Principate[edit principate[edit XX en-wikipedia-org-453 142 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 142 24 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 25 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 142 27 Principate principate VB en-wikipedia-org-453 142 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 142 29 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 142 32 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 33 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 142 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 142 36 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 142 38 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 39 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 40 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 41 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 42 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 142 43 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 142 45 posthumously posthumously RB en-wikipedia-org-453 142 46 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 142 47 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 142 49 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 142 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 142 52 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 53 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 54 heirs heir NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 142 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 142 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 142 57 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 142 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 59 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 60 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 61 Livia Livia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 142 62 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 63 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 64 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 65 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 66 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 67 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 142 68 scion scion NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 142 71 distinguished distinguished JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 72 Claudian claudian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 142 73 clan clan NN en-wikipedia-org-453 142 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 143 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 143 2 Julio Julio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 143 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 143 4 Claudian Claudian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 143 5 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 6 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 143 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 143 9 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 143 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 143 12 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 143 13 Nero Nero NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 143 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 143 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 143 16 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 143 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 143 18 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 143 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 143 20 grandson grandson NN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 22 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 143 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 24 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 143 25 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 143 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 28 Livia Livia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 143 29 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 30 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 143 31 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 32 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 143 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 143 34 deposed depose VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 143 36 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 143 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 144 1 Nero Nero NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 144 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 144 3 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 144 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 144 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 144 6 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 144 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 144 8 usurpers usurper NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 144 9 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-453 144 10 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 144 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 144 12 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 144 13 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 144 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 144 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 144 16 Year Year NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 144 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 144 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 144 19 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 144 20 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 144 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 144 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 145 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 145 2 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 145 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 145 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 145 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 145 6 Vespasian Vespasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 145 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 145 8 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 145 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 145 10 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 145 11 Flavian flavian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 145 12 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 145 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 146 1 Nerva Nerva NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 146 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 146 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 146 4 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 146 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 146 6 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 146 7 Flavian flavian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 146 8 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 146 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 146 10 Vespasian Vespasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 146 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 146 12 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 146 13 Domitian Domitian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 146 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 146 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 146 16 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 146 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 146 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 146 19 elderly elderly JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 146 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 146 21 childless childless JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 146 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 146 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 146 24 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 146 25 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-453 146 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 146 27 adopt adopt VB en-wikipedia-org-453 146 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 146 29 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 146 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 146 31 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 146 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 146 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 146 34 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-453 146 35 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 146 36 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-453 146 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 147 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 147 2 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 147 3 acceded accede VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 147 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 147 6 purple purple NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 147 8 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 147 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 147 10 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-453 147 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 147 12 predecessor predecessor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 147 14 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 147 16 adopting adopt VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 147 17 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 147 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 147 20 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 147 21 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 147 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 147 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 147 25 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 26 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 147 27 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 147 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 147 29 customary customary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 147 30 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 32 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 147 33 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 147 36 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 147 37 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 147 39 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 147 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 147 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 147 42 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-453 147 43 Good Good NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 147 44 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 147 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 147 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 147 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 147 48 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 147 49 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 147 50 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 52 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 147 53 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-453 147 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 148 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 148 2 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 148 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 148 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 148 5 Good Good NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 148 6 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 148 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 148 8 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 148 9 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 148 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 148 11 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 148 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 148 13 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 148 14 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 148 15 Commodus Commodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 148 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 148 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 148 18 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 148 19 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-453 148 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-453 148 21 adopting adopt VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 148 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 148 23 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 148 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 149 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 149 2 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 149 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 5 instability instability NN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 6 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 149 7 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 149 8 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 10 Septimius Septimius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 149 11 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 149 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 149 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 149 14 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 149 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 149 16 Severan Severan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 149 17 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 149 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 149 20 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 149 23 interruption interruption NN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 25 217–218 217–218 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 149 26 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 149 27 Macrinus Macrinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 149 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 149 29 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 149 31 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 149 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 149 33 purple purple NN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 34 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 149 35 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 149 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 150 1 Crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 150 4 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 150 5 Century[edit century[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 150 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 150 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 150 10 Crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 150 13 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 150 14 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 150 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 150 16 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 18 Maximinus Maximinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 150 19 Thrax Thrax NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 150 20 marks mark VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 150 21 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-453 150 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 150 23 close close NN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 150 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 150 26 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 150 29 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-453 150 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 151 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 151 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 151 3 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 151 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 151 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 151 6 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 151 7 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 151 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 151 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 151 10 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 151 11 impotent impotent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 151 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 151 13 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 151 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 151 15 influence influence VB en-wikipedia-org-453 151 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 151 17 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 151 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 152 1 Yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-453 152 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 152 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 152 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 152 5 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 152 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 152 9 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 152 11 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 152 13 purple purple JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 152 14 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 15 owing owe VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 152 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 152 17 advancement advancement NN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 18 purely purely RB en-wikipedia-org-453 152 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 152 21 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 152 22 career career NN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 152 24 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-453 152 25 Vespasian Vespasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 152 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 152 27 Septimius Septimius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 152 28 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 152 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 152 30 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 32 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 152 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 152 34 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 152 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 152 36 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 37 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 152 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 152 39 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 40 Thrax Thrax NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 152 41 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 152 42 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 152 44 commoner commoner NN en-wikipedia-org-453 152 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 153 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 153 2 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-453 153 3 visited visit VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 153 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 153 5 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 7 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 153 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 153 10 reign[13 reign[13 NN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 153 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 153 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 153 14 marks mark VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 153 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 153 16 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 153 19 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 153 22 barracks barrack NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 153 23 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 153 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 153 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 153 26 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 153 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 153 29 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-453 153 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 154 1 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-453 154 2 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 154 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 154 4 285 285 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 154 5 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-453 154 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 154 7 dozen dozen NN en-wikipedia-org-453 154 8 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 154 9 achieved achieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 154 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 154 11 purple purple NN en-wikipedia-org-453 154 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 154 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 154 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 154 15 Valerian Valerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 154 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 154 17 Carus Carus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 154 18 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 154 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 154 20 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-453 154 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 154 22 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 154 23 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 154 24 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-453 154 25 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 154 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 154 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 154 28 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-453 154 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 154 30 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-453 154 31 dynasties dynasty NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 154 32 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 154 33 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-453 154 34 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-453 154 35 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-453 154 36 generations generation NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 154 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 155 1 Dominate[edit dominate[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 155 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 155 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 155 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 155 6 Dominate dominate VB en-wikipedia-org-453 155 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 155 8 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 10 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 155 11 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 155 12 284 284 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 155 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 155 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 15 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 155 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 155 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 155 18 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 155 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 155 20 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 155 22 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 155 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 155 24 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 155 25 Dalmatian dalmatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 155 26 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 28 Carus Carus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 155 29 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-453 155 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 155 31 Numerian Numerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 155 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 155 33 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 34 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 155 36 protectores protectore NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 155 37 domestici domestici JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 155 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 155 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 155 40 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 155 41 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 155 42 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 155 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 44 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 155 45 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 155 46 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 155 48 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 155 49 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-453 155 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 156 1 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 156 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 156 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 156 4 traditionalist traditionalist NN en-wikipedia-org-453 156 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 156 6 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 156 7 conservative conservative NN en-wikipedia-org-453 156 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 156 9 attempted attempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 156 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 156 11 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-453 156 12 efficient efficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 156 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 156 14 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 156 15 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-453 156 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 156 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 156 18 peaceful peaceful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 156 19 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 156 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 156 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 156 22 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-453 156 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 156 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 156 25 Tetrarchy Tetrarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 156 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 157 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 157 2 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 157 4 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 6 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 157 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 157 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 157 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 157 10 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-453 157 11 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 157 14 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 157 15 assisted assist VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 157 18 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 157 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 20 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 157 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 157 24 waiting waiting NN en-wikipedia-org-453 157 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 158 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 158 2 divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 158 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 158 4 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-453 158 5 subdivided subdivide VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 7 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 158 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 158 9 reformed reform VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 10 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 158 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 158 12 administered administer VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 158 15 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 158 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 158 17 hierarchic hierarchic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 158 18 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 20 unprecedented unprecedented JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 158 21 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 158 23 scope scope NN en-wikipedia-org-453 158 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 159 1 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 159 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 159 3 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 159 4 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-453 159 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 159 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 159 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 159 8 Nicomedia Nicomedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 159 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 160 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 160 2 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-453 160 3 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 160 4 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 160 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 160 6 Maximian Maximian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 160 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 160 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 160 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 160 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 160 11 Mediolanum Mediolanum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 160 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 160 13 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 160 14 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 160 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 160 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 161 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 2 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 161 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 161 4 peripatetic peripatetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 161 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 161 7 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 8 progressions progression NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 161 9 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 161 11 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 161 12 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 161 13 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 161 17 impressive impressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 161 19 theatrical theatrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 20 adventus adventus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 161 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 161 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 161 24 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 25 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 161 27 ceremony ceremony NN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 161 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 161 30 employed employ VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 161 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 161 32 elaborate elaborate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 33 choreography choreography NN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 35 etiquette etiquette NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 161 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 161 37 emphasise emphasise VB en-wikipedia-org-453 161 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 161 39 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 161 41 elevation elevation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 42 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-453 161 43 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 161 44 mortals mortal NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 161 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 162 1 Hyperinflation hyperinflation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 162 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 162 3 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 162 4 honours honour NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 162 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 162 6 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 162 7 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 162 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 162 9 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-453 162 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 162 11 Augusti Augusti NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 162 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 162 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 162 14 Caesares caesare NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 162 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 162 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 162 17 Diocletian diocletian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 162 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 162 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 162 20 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 162 21 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 162 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 162 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 162 24 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 162 25 colleague colleague NN en-wikipedia-org-453 162 26 Maximian Maximian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 162 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 163 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 163 2 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 163 3 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 163 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 163 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 163 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 163 7 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 163 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 163 9 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 163 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 163 11 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 163 12 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-453 163 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 163 14 accessible accessible JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 163 15 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 163 16 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-453 163 17 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-453 163 18 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 163 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 163 20 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 163 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 164 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 164 2 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 164 3 unity unity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 164 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 164 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 164 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 164 7 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-453 164 8 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 164 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 164 10 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 164 11 investiture investiture NN en-wikipedia-org-453 164 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 164 13 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 164 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 164 15 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-453 164 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 164 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 164 18 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-453 164 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 165 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 165 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 165 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 165 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 165 5 Tetrarchy Tetrarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 165 6 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-453 165 7 degenerated degenerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 165 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 165 9 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 165 10 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-453 165 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 165 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 165 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 165 14 eventual eventual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 165 15 victor victor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 165 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 165 17 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 165 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 165 19 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 165 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 165 21 restored restore VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 165 22 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 165 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 165 24 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-453 165 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 165 26 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 165 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 165 28 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 165 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 165 30 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 165 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 166 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 166 2 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 166 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 166 4 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 166 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 166 6 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 166 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 166 8 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 166 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 166 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 166 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 166 12 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 166 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 166 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 166 15 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 166 16 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-453 166 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 167 1 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 167 3 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 167 4 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 167 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 167 7 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-453 167 8 swallowed swallow VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 9 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 11 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 167 12 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 167 14 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 15 intrigue intrigue NN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 16 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 167 19 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 167 21 briefly briefly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 167 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 167 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 24 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 167 26 Apostate Apostate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 167 28 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 167 29 Jovian Jovian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 167 31 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 167 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 167 33 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-453 167 34 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-453 167 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 167 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 37 Valentinian Valentinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 38 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 167 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 167 41 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 42 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 167 43 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 167 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 167 45 364 364 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 167 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 168 1 Though though IN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 168 3 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 168 6 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 168 7 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 168 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 168 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 10 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 168 12 Valentinian Valentinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 168 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 168 14 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 15 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 168 18 conclave conclave NN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 168 20 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 168 21 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 168 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 168 23 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 168 24 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 168 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 169 1 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 169 2 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 169 3 acceded accede VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 169 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 169 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 169 6 purple purple NN en-wikipedia-org-453 169 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 169 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 169 9 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 169 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 169 11 379 379 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 169 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 169 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 169 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 169 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 169 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 169 17 394 394 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 169 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 170 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 170 2 outlawed outlaw VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 170 3 paganism paganism NN en-wikipedia-org-453 170 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 170 5 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 170 6 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 170 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 170 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 170 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 170 10 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 170 11 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-453 170 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 171 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 171 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 171 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 171 4 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 171 5 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 171 7 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-453 171 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 171 10 united united JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 171 11 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 171 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 171 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 171 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 171 15 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 171 18 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 171 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 171 21 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 22 Arcadius Arcadius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 171 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 171 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 171 25 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 171 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 171 28 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 29 Honorius Honorius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 171 30 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 31 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 171 32 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 34 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 171 35 represented represent VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 171 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 171 37 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 171 38 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-453 171 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 172 1 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 4 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 6 Empire[edit empire[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 172 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 172 11 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 14 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 16 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 172 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 21 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 23 emperor emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 24 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-453 172 25 degenerated degenerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 172 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 27 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 172 28 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 29 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 172 30 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 32 puppet puppet NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 35 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 37 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 38 tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 39 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 172 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 172 41 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 42 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 172 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 44 Heruli Heruli NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 45 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 46 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-453 172 47 overthrew overthrow VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 172 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 49 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 172 51 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 52 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 53 Augustulus Augustulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 55 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 172 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 172 57 shipped ship VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 59 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 172 60 regalia regalia NN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 61 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 172 63 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 64 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 65 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 66 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 172 68 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 172 69 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 172 71 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 172 72 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 173 1 Though though IN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 2 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 173 4 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 173 5 lifetime lifetime NN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 6 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 173 7 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 173 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 173 9 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 173 10 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 173 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 173 14 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 173 15 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 173 16 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 173 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 173 19 viceroy viceroy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 21 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 173 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 173 23 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 173 24 mark mark VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 173 25 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 173 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 173 28 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 173 29 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 173 32 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 173 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 173 35 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 173 36 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 173 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 173 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 174 1 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 174 2 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 174 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 174 4 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 174 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 174 6 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 174 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 174 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 174 9 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 174 10 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-453 174 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 174 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 174 13 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-453 174 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 174 15 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 174 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 174 17 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 174 18 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-453 174 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 175 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 175 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 175 3 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-453 175 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 175 5 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 175 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 175 7 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 175 8 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 175 9 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-453 175 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 175 11 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 175 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 175 13 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 175 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 175 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 175 16 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 175 17 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-453 175 18 slipping slip VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 175 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 175 20 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 175 21 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 175 22 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 175 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-453 175 24 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-453 175 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 175 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 175 27 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 175 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 175 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 176 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 176 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 176 3 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 176 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 176 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 176 6 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 176 7 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 176 8 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 176 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 176 10 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 176 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 176 12 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 176 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 176 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 176 15 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 176 16 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 176 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 176 18 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 176 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 177 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 177 2 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 177 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 177 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 177 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 177 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 177 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 177 8 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 177 9 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 177 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 177 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 177 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 177 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 177 14 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-453 177 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 177 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 177 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 177 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 177 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 177 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 177 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 177 22 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 177 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 177 24 neighboring neighboring NN en-wikipedia-org-453 177 25 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 177 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 178 1 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 3 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 4 assertions assertion NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 178 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 178 7 title[edit title[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 178 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 178 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 178 12 Succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 178 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 178 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 178 17 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 178 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 178 20 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 178 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 178 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 178 24 East[edit east[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 178 26 Imaginary imaginary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 27 portrait portrait NN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 29 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 178 30 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 178 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 178 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 178 33 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 34 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 35 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 178 38 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 39 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 178 40 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 178 42 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 178 43 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 178 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 178 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 179 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 179 2 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 179 5 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 179 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 179 8 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 179 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 179 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 179 11 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 179 12 unbroken unbroken JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 179 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 179 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 179 17 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 19 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 179 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 21 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 179 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 179 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 179 24 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 179 25 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 179 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 180 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 3 wake wake NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 6 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 8 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 9 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 180 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 11 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 180 12 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 14 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 15 claiming claim VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 180 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 180 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 180 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 19 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 20 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 180 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 25 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 27 evolving evolve VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 180 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 30 Despotate Despotate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 32 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 35 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 36 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 180 38 impotence impotence VB en-wikipedia-org-453 180 39 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 180 40 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 41 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 42 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 43 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 44 Doukas Doukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 45 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 46 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 48 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 180 50 blinded blind VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 53 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 54 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 55 Ivan Ivan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 56 Asen Asen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 57 III;[15 III;[15 VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 58 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 180 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 60 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 61 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 63 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 64 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 65 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 66 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 67 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 68 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 180 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 70 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 72 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 73 recovered recover VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 74 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 75 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 76 1261 1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 77 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 180 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 79 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 80 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 81 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 83 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 84 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 85 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 86 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 88 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 89 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 91 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 180 92 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 93 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 180 94 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 95 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-453 180 96 ignored;[16 ignored;[16 JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 97 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 180 98 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 180 99 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 100 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 101 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 102 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 104 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 105 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 180 106 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 107 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 108 kinship kinship NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 109 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 110 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 111 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 112 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 180 113 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 114 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 115 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 116 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 180 117 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 118 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 119 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 121 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 180 122 possession possession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 123 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 124 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 180 125 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 126 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 180 127 prowess prowess NN en-wikipedia-org-453 180 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 180 129 prevailed prevail VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 180 130 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 181 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 181 2 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 181 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 181 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 181 5 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 181 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 181 7 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 181 8 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 181 9 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 181 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 181 11 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 181 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 181 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 181 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 181 15 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 181 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 181 17 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 181 18 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 181 19 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 181 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 182 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 182 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 182 3 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 182 4 normalized normalize VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 182 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 182 6 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 182 7 dignity dignity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 182 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 182 11 conception conception NN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 182 14 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 182 16 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 182 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 182 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 182 20 constitutions constitution NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 182 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 182 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 182 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 182 26 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 182 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 182 28 aforementioned aforementioned JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 182 29 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 30 Basileus Basileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 182 31 kai kai NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 182 32 autokratōr autokratōr NN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 33 Rhomaiōn Rhomaiōn NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 182 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 182 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 182 36 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 182 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 182 38 Autocrat Autocrat NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 182 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 182 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 182 41 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 182 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 182 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 182 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 183 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 183 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 183 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-453 183 4 ceased cease VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 183 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 183 6 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-453 183 7 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 183 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 183 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 183 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-453 183 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 183 12 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-453 183 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 183 14 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 183 15 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 183 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 183 17 d. d. NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 183 18 641 641 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 183 19 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 183 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 183 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 184 1 Historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 184 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 184 3 customarily customarily RB en-wikipedia-org-453 184 4 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 184 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 184 6 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-453 184 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 184 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 184 9 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 184 10 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 184 11 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 184 12 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 184 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 184 14 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-453 184 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 184 16 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 184 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 184 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 184 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 185 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 185 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 185 3 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 185 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 185 5 note note VB en-wikipedia-org-453 185 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 185 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-453 185 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 185 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 185 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 185 11 adjective adjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 185 12 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 185 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 185 14 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 185 15 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-453 185 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 185 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 185 18 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 185 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 185 20 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 185 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 185 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 185 23 metonymic metonymic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 185 24 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-453 185 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 185 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 185 27 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-453 185 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 185 29 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 185 30 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-453 185 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 186 1 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 186 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 186 3 emperor[edit emperor[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 186 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 186 5 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 186 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 186 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 186 8 Constantine constantine NN en-wikipedia-org-453 186 9 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 186 10 Palaiologos palaiologo VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 186 11 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 186 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-453 186 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 186 14 Deposition Deposition NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 186 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 186 16 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 186 17 Augustulus Augustulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 186 18 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 186 19 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 186 20 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 186 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 186 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 186 23 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 186 24 reigning reign VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 186 25 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 186 26 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 186 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 187 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 187 2 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 187 5 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 187 6 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 187 8 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 187 9 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 187 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 187 11 remnant remnant NN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 187 14 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 187 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 187 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 187 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 18 1449 1449 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 187 19 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 187 21 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 23 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 187 24 defending defend VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 187 25 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 187 26 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-453 187 27 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 187 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 188 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 188 3 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 5 Mystra[17 mystra[17 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 188 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 188 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 188 9 eighth eighth JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 188 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 11 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-453 188 12 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 188 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 14 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 16 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 188 18 Helena Helena NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 19 Dragaš Dragaš NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 188 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 188 22 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 188 25 Serbian serbian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 188 26 prince prince NN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 27 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 28 Dragaš Dragaš NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 188 30 Kumanovo Kumanovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 188 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 189 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 189 2 spent spend VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 189 3 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-453 189 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 189 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 189 6 childhood childhood NN en-wikipedia-org-453 189 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 189 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 189 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 189 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 189 11 supervision supervision NN en-wikipedia-org-453 189 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 189 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 189 14 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 189 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 190 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 190 3 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 190 6 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 190 7 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 9 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 190 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 190 11 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 190 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 190 13 regent regent NN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 190 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 17 1437 1437 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 190 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 190 19 1440 1440 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 190 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 191 1 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-453 191 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 191 3 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-453 191 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 191 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 191 6 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-453 191 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 191 8 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 191 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 191 10 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 191 11 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 191 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 191 13 offer offer NN en-wikipedia-org-453 191 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 191 15 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 191 16 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 191 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 192 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 192 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 192 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 192 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 5 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 192 8 surrender surrender NN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 192 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 192 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 192 13 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 192 15 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 16 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 192 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 192 18 spared spare VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 192 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 192 21 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-453 192 22 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-453 192 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 192 24 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-453 192 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 192 26 Mystra Mystra NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 192 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 193 1 Constantine constantine NN en-wikipedia-org-453 193 2 refused refuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 193 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 193 4 offer offer NN en-wikipedia-org-453 193 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 194 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-453 194 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 194 3 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 194 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 194 5 defense defense NN en-wikipedia-org-453 194 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 194 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 194 8 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 194 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 194 10 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 194 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 194 12 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 194 13 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-453 194 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 194 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 194 16 fighting fighting NN en-wikipedia-org-453 194 17 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-453 194 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 194 19 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-453 194 20 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 194 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 195 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 195 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 195 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 195 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-453 195 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 195 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 195 7 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 195 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 195 9 diplomatic diplomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 195 10 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 195 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 195 12 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-453 195 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 195 14 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 195 15 unity unity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 195 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-453 195 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 195 18 Genovese Genovese NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 195 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 195 20 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 195 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 195 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 195 23 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 195 24 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 195 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 196 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 196 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 196 3 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 196 4 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 196 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 196 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 196 7 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 196 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 196 9 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 196 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 196 11 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 196 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 196 13 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 196 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 196 15 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-453 196 16 remarked remark VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 196 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 196 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 196 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 196 20 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 196 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 196 22 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 196 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 196 24 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 196 25 am be VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 196 26 alive alive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 196 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 196 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 197 1 Realizing realize VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 197 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 197 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 197 4 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 197 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 197 6 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 197 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 197 8 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 197 9 reportedly reportedly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 197 10 discarded discard VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 197 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 197 12 purple purple JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 197 13 cloak cloak NN en-wikipedia-org-453 197 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 197 15 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 197 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 197 17 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 197 18 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 197 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-453 197 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 197 21 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 197 22 charge charge NN en-wikipedia-org-453 197 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 197 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 197 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 197 26 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 197 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 197 28 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 197 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 198 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 198 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 198 3 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 198 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 198 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 198 6 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 198 7 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-453 198 8 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 198 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 198 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 198 11 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 198 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 198 13 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-453 198 14 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 198 15 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 198 16 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 198 17 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 198 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 199 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 199 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 199 3 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 199 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 199 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 199 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 199 7 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 199 8 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 199 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 199 10 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-453 199 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 199 12 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 199 13 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 199 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 199 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 199 16 elected elect VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 199 17 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 199 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 199 19 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 199 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 199 21 organize organize VB en-wikipedia-org-453 199 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 199 23 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 199 24 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 199 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 200 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 200 2 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-453 200 3 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 200 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 200 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 200 6 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 200 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 200 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 200 9 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 200 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 200 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 200 12 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 200 13 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 200 14 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 200 15 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 200 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 200 17 Corinth Corinth NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 200 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 201 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 201 2 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 201 3 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 201 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 201 5 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 201 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 201 7 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 201 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 201 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 201 10 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 201 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 201 12 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 201 13 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 201 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 201 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 201 16 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 201 17 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 201 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 202 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 202 2 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 3 Andreas Andreas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 4 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 5 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 202 6 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 202 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 202 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 202 10 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 11 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 13 sold sell VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 202 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 202 15 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 17 Ferdinand Ferdinand NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 19 Aragon Aragon NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 202 21 Isabella Isabella NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 23 Castile Castile NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 202 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 202 26 grandparents grandparent NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 202 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 28 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 29 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 30 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 31 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 32 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 33 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 34 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 35 lineage[edit lineage[edit , en-wikipedia-org-453 202 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 202 37 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 38 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 39 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 202 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 202 41 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 202 42 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 202 45 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 46 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 47 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 202 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 202 49 receive receive VB en-wikipedia-org-453 202 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 202 51 papal papal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 202 52 coronation coronation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 202 54 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 55 abdication abdication NN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 202 57 1556 1556 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 202 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 202 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 203 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 203 2 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 203 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 203 8 renewed renew VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 203 11 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 203 14 coronation coronation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 203 17 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 203 20 Franks Franks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 203 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 203 22 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 203 24 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 203 26 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 203 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 203 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 30 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 203 31 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 203 34 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 203 36 Christmas Christmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 37 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 203 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 203 39 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 203 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 204 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 204 2 coronation coronation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 204 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 204 5 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 204 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 204 8 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 10 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 204 13 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 204 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 204 16 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 204 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 204 19 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 204 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 204 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 204 23 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 204 24 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 204 26 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 204 27 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 204 28 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 204 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 30 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 31 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 32 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 204 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 204 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 204 35 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 204 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 205 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 205 2 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 205 3 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 205 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-453 205 5 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 205 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 205 8 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 10 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 205 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 205 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 205 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 205 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 205 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 205 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 18 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 205 19 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 205 20 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 205 21 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-453 205 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 205 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 205 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 205 25 alliance alliance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 205 28 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 205 29 conqueror conqueror NN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 205 32 Lombards Lombards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 205 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 205 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 205 36 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 205 37 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-453 205 38 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-453 205 39 promised promise VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 205 40 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 205 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 205 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 206 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 206 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 206 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 206 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 206 5 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 206 6 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-453 206 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 206 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 206 9 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 206 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 206 11 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 206 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 206 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 206 14 welcoming welcome VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 206 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 207 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 207 2 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 207 3 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-453 207 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-453 207 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 207 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 207 7 axiomatic axiomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 207 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-453 207 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-453 207 10 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 207 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 207 12 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 207 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 207 14 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 207 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 207 16 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-453 207 17 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 207 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 207 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 207 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-453 207 21 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-453 207 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 207 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 207 24 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 207 25 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 207 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 208 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 208 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 3 coronation coronation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 5 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 208 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 7 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 208 8 violated violate VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 208 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 10 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 208 11 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 208 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 208 13 struck strike VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 208 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 15 hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 208 16 blow blow NN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 18 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 208 19 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 208 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 208 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 22 hitherto hitherto NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 208 23 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 208 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 208 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 26 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 208 27 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 208 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 208 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 208 30 unquestionably unquestionably RB en-wikipedia-org-453 208 31 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 32 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 35 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 208 36 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 208 37 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 38 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 208 39 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 40 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-453 208 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 42 inheritance inheritance NN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 208 45 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 208 46 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 208 47 imperium imperium NN en-wikipedia-org-453 208 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 209 1 Conscious conscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 209 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 209 3 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 209 4 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 209 5 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 209 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 209 7 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 209 8 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-453 209 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 209 10 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-453 209 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 209 12 elevation elevation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 209 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 209 14 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 209 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 209 16 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 209 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 209 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 209 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-453 209 20 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-453 209 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 209 22 usurpation usurpation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 209 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 210 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 210 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 210 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 210 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 210 5 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 210 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 210 7 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 210 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 210 9 ignore ignore VB en-wikipedia-org-453 210 10 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 210 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 210 12 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-453 210 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 210 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 210 15 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 210 16 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 210 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 210 18 clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-453 210 19 recognizing recognize VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 210 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 210 21 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 210 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 210 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 210 24 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-453 210 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 211 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 211 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 211 3 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 211 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 211 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 211 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 211 7 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-453 211 8 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 211 9 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-453 211 10 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-453 211 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 211 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 211 13 refuse refuse VB en-wikipedia-org-453 211 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 211 15 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 211 16 Nicephorus Nicephorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 211 17 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-453 211 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 211 19 dispatch dispatch VB en-wikipedia-org-453 211 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 211 21 customary customary JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 211 22 synodica synodica NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 211 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 211 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 211 25 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 211 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 212 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 212 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 212 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 212 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 212 5 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-453 212 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 212 7 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 212 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 212 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 10 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-453 212 11 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 212 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 212 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 212 14 subdued subdue VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 212 15 Istria Istria NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 212 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 212 17 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 212 18 Dalmatian dalmatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 212 19 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 212 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 212 22 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 24 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 212 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 212 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 212 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 212 28 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 29 Pepin Pepin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 212 30 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 212 31 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 212 32 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 33 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 212 34 hegemony hegemony NN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 212 36 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 212 38 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 212 39 counter counter NN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 40 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 41 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 212 44 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 212 45 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-453 212 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 213 1 Unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 213 2 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 213 3 counter counter VB en-wikipedia-org-453 213 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 213 5 encroachment encroachment NN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 7 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 213 8 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 213 10 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 11 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-453 213 12 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 13 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 14 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 15 Rangabe Rangabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 16 capitulated capitulate VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 213 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 213 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 19 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 213 22 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 213 25 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 26 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 213 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 213 28 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 29 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 213 30 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 213 31 delegates delegate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 213 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 33 Aachen Aachen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 35 812 812 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 213 36 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 37 recognized recognize VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 213 38 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 213 40 Basileus Basileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 213 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 214 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 214 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 214 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 214 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 214 5 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 214 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 214 7 recognize recognize VB en-wikipedia-org-453 214 8 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 214 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 214 10 Basileus Basileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 214 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 214 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 214 13 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 214 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 214 15 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-453 214 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 214 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 214 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 214 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 214 20 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 214 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 214 22 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 214 23 reserved reserve VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 214 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 214 25 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 214 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 215 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 215 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 215 5 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-453 215 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 215 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 215 8 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 215 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 215 10 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-453 215 11 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 215 12 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 215 13 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-453 215 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-453 215 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 215 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 215 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-453 215 18 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 215 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 215 20 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 215 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 215 22 ness ness NN en-wikipedia-org-453 215 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 215 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 215 25 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-453 215 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 215 27 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-453 215 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 216 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-453 216 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 216 3 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 216 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 216 5 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-453 216 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 216 7 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 216 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 216 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-453 216 10 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-453 216 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 216 12 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 216 13 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 216 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 216 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 216 16 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-453 216 17 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-453 216 18 settling settle VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 216 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 216 20 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 216 21 Romanus Romanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 216 22 Electus Electus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 216 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 216 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 216 25 Elected Elected NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 216 26 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 216 27 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 216 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 216 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 216 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 217 1 Historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 217 2 customarily customarily RB en-wikipedia-org-453 217 3 assign assign VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 217 4 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 217 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 217 6 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 217 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 217 8 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 217 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 217 10 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 217 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 217 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 217 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-453 217 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 217 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 217 16 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-453 217 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 217 18 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 217 19 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 217 20 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-453 217 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 217 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 217 23 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-453 217 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 217 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 217 26 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 217 27 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 217 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 217 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 217 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 217 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 217 32 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 217 33 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-453 217 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 218 1 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 2 Latin Latin NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 218 3 Catholics Catholics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 218 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 218 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 218 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 218 9 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 218 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 218 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 218 12 temporal temporal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 218 13 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-453 218 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-453 218 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 17 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 218 18 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 218 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 218 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 22 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 218 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 218 25 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 218 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 218 27 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 29 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 218 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 218 31 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 218 33 anoint anoint VB en-wikipedia-org-453 218 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-453 218 35 crown crown VB en-wikipedia-org-453 218 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 218 37 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 218 38 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 218 39 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 218 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 219 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 219 2 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 219 3 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-453 219 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 219 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-453 219 6 crowned crown VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 219 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 219 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 219 9 pope pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 219 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 219 11 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 219 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 219 13 Bologna Bologna NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 219 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 219 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 219 16 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 219 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 219 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 219 19 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 219 20 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 219 21 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-453 219 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 219 23 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 219 24 bore bear VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 219 25 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-453 219 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 219 27 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-453 219 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 219 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 219 30 Elected Elected NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 219 31 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 219 32 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 219 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 219 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 220 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 220 2 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-453 220 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 220 4 Emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 220 5 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 220 6 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-453 220 7 1806 1806 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 220 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 220 9 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 220 10 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 220 11 dissolved dissolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 220 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 220 13 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 220 14 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-453 220 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 220 16 Napoleonic Napoleonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 220 17 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 220 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 221 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 221 3 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 5 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 221 6 potentates potentate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 221 7 styling style VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 221 8 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 221 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 221 10 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 221 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 221 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 221 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 221 16 Napoleons Napoleons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 221 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 221 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 221 19 Habsburg Habsburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 221 20 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 221 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 22 Austria Austria NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 221 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 221 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 221 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 221 26 Hohenzollern hohenzollern JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 221 27 heads head NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 221 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 221 30 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 221 31 Reich Reich NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 221 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 221 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 221 34 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 221 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 221 36 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 221 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 221 39 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 221 40 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 221 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 222 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-453 222 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 222 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 5 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 222 6 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 222 8 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 9 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 10 Habsburg Habsburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 222 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 14 Habsburg Habsburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 15 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 222 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-453 222 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-453 222 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 21 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 222 23 pretenders pretender NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 222 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 26 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 222 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 29 electors elector NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 222 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 222 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 222 32 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 33 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 35 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 222 36 coronation coronation NN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 37 regalia regalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 38 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 39 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-453 222 40 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 42 Austria Austria NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 222 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 45 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 222 46 abolition abolition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 48 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 49 aristocratic aristocratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 222 50 prerogatives prerogative NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 222 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 53 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 222 54 electors elector NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 222 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 222 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 57 imposition imposition NN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 59 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 222 60 constitutions constitution NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 222 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 62 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 222 64 Austria Austria NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 65 render render VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 66 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-453 222 67 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 222 68 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 69 potential potential NN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 70 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 72 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 222 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 222 75 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 76 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 77 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 222 78 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 223 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 223 2 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 223 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 223 4 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 223 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 223 6 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 223 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 223 8 Augustulus Augustulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 223 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 223 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 223 11 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 223 12 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 223 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 223 14 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-453 223 15 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-453 223 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 223 17 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 223 18 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 223 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 224 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 224 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 224 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 224 4 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 224 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 224 6 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 224 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 224 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 224 9 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 224 10 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-453 224 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 224 12 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 224 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 224 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 224 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 224 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 224 17 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-453 224 18 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-453 224 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 224 20 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 224 21 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 224 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 225 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-453 225 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 225 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 225 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 225 5 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 225 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 225 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 225 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 225 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 225 10 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 225 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 225 12 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-453 225 13 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 225 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 225 15 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 225 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 226 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-453 226 2 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 226 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 226 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 6 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 7 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 8 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 226 10 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 226 13 Interregnum Interregnum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 14 Justitium Justitium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 16 Emperors Emperors NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 17 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 18 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 19 Julio Julio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 226 21 Claudian Claudian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 22 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 23 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 24 Severan Severan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 25 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 26 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 27 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 28 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 29 usurper usurper NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 30 Lists[edit Lists[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-453 226 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 226 32 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 34 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 35 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 226 36 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 38 condemned condemned JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 39 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 40 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 226 41 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 43 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 44 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 45 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 46 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 226 47 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 49 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 50 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 226 51 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 53 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 226 54 usurpers usurper NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 226 55 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 56 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 226 57 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 226 58 Galinsky Galinsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 59 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 226 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 226 61 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 226 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 227 1 13–14 13–14 LS en-wikipedia-org-453 227 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-453 227 3 Alston Alston NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 227 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 227 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 8 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 9 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 227 10 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 11 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 227 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 227 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 15 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 16 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 227 17 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 18 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 227 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 227 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 22 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 227 24 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 25 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 227 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 227 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 29 264 264 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 30 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-453 227 31 İlber İlber NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 32 Ortaylı Ortaylı NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 227 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 227 35 Büyük Büyük NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 36 Constantin Constantin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 37 ve ve NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 38 İstanbul İstanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 227 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 227 41 Milliyet Milliyet NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 227 43 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 44 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 227 45 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 227 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 228 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 228 2 Barnes Barnes NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 228 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 228 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 228 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 228 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 229 1 278–279 278–279 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 229 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 229 3 Barnes barne NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 229 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 229 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 229 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 229 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 230 1 279–282 279–282 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 230 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-453 230 3 Murray Murray NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 230 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 230 5 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 230 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 230 7 1875 1875 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 230 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 230 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 231 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 231 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 231 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 231 4 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 231 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 231 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 231 7 Antiquities Antiquities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 231 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 232 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 232 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 232 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 232 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 233 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 233 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 234 1 260–266 260–266 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 234 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 235 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 235 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-453 235 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 235 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 6 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 7 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 235 9 entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-453 235 10 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-453 235 11 Imperator imperator NN en-wikipedia-org-453 235 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-453 235 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 235 14 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 15 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 235 17 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 18 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 19 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 235 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 235 21 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 235 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 236 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 236 2 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 236 3 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 236 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 236 5 43.44.2 43.44.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 236 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 237 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 237 2 Goldsworth Goldsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 237 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 237 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 237 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 237 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 237 7 443 443 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 237 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 237 9 Hekster Hekster NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 237 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 237 11 Olivier Olivier NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 237 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 237 13 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 237 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 237 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 238 1 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 238 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 238 3 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-453 238 4 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-453 238 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 238 6 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 238 7 193–284 193–284 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 238 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 239 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 239 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 239 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 239 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 240 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 240 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 240 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 240 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 241 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 241 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 241 3 9780748629923 9780748629923 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 241 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 242 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 242 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 242 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 242 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 242 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 243 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 243 2 Rees Rees NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 243 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 243 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 243 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 243 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 244 1 46–56 46–56 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 244 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 244 3 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 244 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 244 5 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 6 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 244 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 244 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 244 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 10 387 387 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 244 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-453 244 12 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 244 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 244 14 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 244 15 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 244 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 244 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 244 18 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 19 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 244 21 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 244 22 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-453 244 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 244 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 244 26 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-453 244 27 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 28 Oikonomides Oikonomides NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 244 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 244 31 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 244 32 Chancery Chancery NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 244 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 244 35 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 36 Komnenoi Komnenoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-453 244 38 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 39 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 244 41 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 42 Reality Reality NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 244 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 244 45 Archeion Archeion NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 46 Pontou Pontou NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 244 48 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 244 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 244 50 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 244 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 244 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 244 53 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 244 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 245 1 299–332 299–332 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 245 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 245 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 245 4 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 245 5 Palaeologus Palaeologus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 245 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 245 7 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 245 8 Hellene hellene JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 245 9 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 245 10 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 245 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 245 12 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 245 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 245 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 246 1 www.agiasofia.com www.agiasofia.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-453 246 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 247 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 247 2 Mansel Mansel NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 247 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 247 4 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 247 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 247 6 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 247 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 247 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 248 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 248 2 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-453 248 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 248 4 City city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 248 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 248 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 248 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 248 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 248 9 Desire Desire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 248 10 1453–1924 1453–1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 248 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 248 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 249 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 249 2 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 249 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 250 1 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 250 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 250 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 250 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 250 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 251 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 251 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 251 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 251 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 251 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 252 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 252 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 5 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 252 7 City city NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 252 10 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-453 252 12 Desire Desire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 13 1453–1924 1453–1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 14 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 15 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 16 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 252 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 20 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 21 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 22 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 23 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 252 25 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 27 164f 164f NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 252 28 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 29 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 30 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 252 32 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 34 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 35 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-453 252 36 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 37 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 252 39 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 252 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 41 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 42 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-453 252 43 Eichmann Eichmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 252 45 Eduard Eduard NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 252 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 252 47 1942 1942 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 252 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 252 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 253 1 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 2 Kaiserkrönung Kaiserkrönung NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 3 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 4 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 5 Abendland Abendland NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 253 7 ein ein NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 8 Beitrag Beitrag NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 9 zur zur NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 10 Geistesgeschichte Geistesgeschichte NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 11 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 12 Mittelalters Mittelalters NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 253 14 mit mit NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 15 besonderer besonderer NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 16 Berücksichtigung Berücksichtigung NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 17 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 18 kirchlichen kirchlichen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 19 Rechte Rechte NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 253 21 der der XX en-wikipedia-org-453 253 22 Liturgie Liturgie NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 23 und und RB en-wikipedia-org-453 253 24 der der IN en-wikipedia-org-453 253 25 Kirchenpolitik Kirchenpolitik NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 253 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 254 1 Echter Echter NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 254 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 254 3 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 254 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 255 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-453 255 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 255 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 256 1 Sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 256 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 256 3 Alston Alston NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 256 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 256 5 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 256 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 256 7 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 256 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 256 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 257 1 Aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 257 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 257 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 257 4 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-453 257 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 257 6 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 257 7 14–117 14–117 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 257 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 258 1 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 258 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 258 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 259 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 259 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 259 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 259 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 259 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 259 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 259 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 259 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 259 9 13237 13237 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 259 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 259 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 259 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 260 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 260 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 260 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 260 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 260 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 260 6 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 260 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 261 1 Barnes barne NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 261 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 261 3 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 261 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 261 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 261 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 261 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 262 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 262 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 262 3 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 262 4 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 262 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 262 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 262 7 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-453 262 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 262 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 262 10 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-453 262 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 262 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 263 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 263 2 Griffin Griffin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 263 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 263 4 Miriam Miriam NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 263 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 263 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 263 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 263 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 263 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 264 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 264 2 Companion companion NN en-wikipedia-org-453 264 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 264 4 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 264 5 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 264 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 265 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 265 2 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 265 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-453 265 4 Sons Sons NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 265 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 266 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 266 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 266 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 266 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 266 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 266 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 266 7 4443 4443 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 266 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 266 9 0845 0845 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 266 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 266 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 266 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 267 1 Galinsky Galinsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 267 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 267 3 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 267 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 267 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 267 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 267 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 268 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 268 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 268 3 companion companion NN en-wikipedia-org-453 268 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 268 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 268 6 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 268 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 268 8 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 268 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 269 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 269 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 269 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 269 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 270 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 270 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 270 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 270 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 270 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 270 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 270 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 270 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 270 9 80796 80796 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 270 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 270 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 270 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 271 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 271 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 271 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 271 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 271 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 271 6 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 271 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 272 1 Goldsworth Goldsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 272 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 272 3 Adrian adrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 272 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 272 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 272 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 272 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 273 1 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-453 273 2 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 273 3 Fell Fell NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 273 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 273 5 Death death NN en-wikipedia-org-453 273 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 273 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 273 8 Superpower Superpower NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 273 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 274 1 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 274 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 274 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 274 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 275 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 275 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 275 3 9780300164268 9780300164268 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 275 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 276 1 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 276 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 276 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 276 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 276 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 276 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 276 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 277 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 277 2 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 277 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 277 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 277 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 277 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 277 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 278 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 278 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 278 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 278 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 278 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 278 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 278 7 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 278 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 278 9 49136 49136 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 278 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 278 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 278 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 279 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 279 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 279 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 279 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 279 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 279 6 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 279 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 280 1 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 280 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 280 3 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 280 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 280 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 280 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 281 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 281 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 281 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 281 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 281 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 6 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 281 8 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 281 10 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 281 14 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 16 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 281 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 281 18 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 281 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 281 20 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 281 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 281 22 504652 504652 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 281 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 281 24 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 281 25 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 281 27 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 281 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 281 29 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 281 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 281 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 282 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-453 282 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 282 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 282 4 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 282 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 282 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 283 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 283 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 283 3 Hussey Hussey NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 283 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 283 5 Joan Joan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 283 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 284 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 284 2 Brunswick Brunswick NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 284 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 284 4 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 284 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 284 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 284 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 285 1 Rees Rees NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 285 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 285 3 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 285 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 285 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 285 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 285 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 286 1 Diocletian diocletian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 286 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 286 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 286 4 Tetrarchy Tetrarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 286 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 287 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 287 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 287 3 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 287 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 287 5 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 287 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 287 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 287 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 288 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 288 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 288 3 9780748616602 9780748616602 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 288 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 289 1 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 289 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 289 3 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 289 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 289 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 289 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 289 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 289 8 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 289 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 289 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 290 1 Diocletian diocletian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 290 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 290 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 290 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 290 5 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-453 290 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 291 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 291 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 291 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 291 4 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 291 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 291 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 291 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 292 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 292 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 292 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 292 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 292 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 292 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 292 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 292 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 292 9 91827 91827 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 292 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 292 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 292 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 293 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 293 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 293 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 293 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 293 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 293 6 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 293 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 294 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 294 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-453 294 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 294 4 Scarre Scarre NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 294 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 294 6 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 294 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 295 1 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 295 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 295 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 295 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 295 5 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 295 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 295 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 295 8 Reign Reign NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 295 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 295 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 295 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 295 12 Reign Reign NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 295 13 Record Record NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 295 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 295 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 295 16 Rulers Rulers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 295 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 295 18 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 295 19 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 295 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 296 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 296 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 296 3 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 296 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-453 296 5 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 296 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 296 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 296 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 296 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 296 10 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 296 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 297 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 297 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 297 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 297 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 297 5 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 297 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 297 7 05077 05077 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 297 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 297 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 297 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 297 11 hardcover hardcover NN en-wikipedia-org-453 297 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 297 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 298 1 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-453 298 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 4 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 5 Imperatoribus Imperatoribus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 6 Romanis Romanis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 7 Rulers Rulers NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 298 11 Decadence Decadence NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 298 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 15 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 298 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 19 Emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 20 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 21 Were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 22 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 298 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 298 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 298 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 26 Kelley Kelley NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 27 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 28 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 298 30 Ph.D. Ph.D. VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 31 UNRV.com unrv.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 32 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 33 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 34 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 35 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 36 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 38 Greatest Greatest NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 39 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 40 Emperors Emperors NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 41 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 42 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 43 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 44 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 45 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 46 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 47 epoch epoch NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 48 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 50 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 51 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 52 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 53 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 54 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 55 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 56 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 57 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 58 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 61 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 62 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 63 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 64 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 65 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 66 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 69 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 70 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 71 Julio Julio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 298 73 Claudian Claudian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 74 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 75 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 76 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 77   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 78 BC–68 bc–68 NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 79   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 80 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 82 Year year NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 83 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 84 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 85 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 86 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 88 68–69 68–69 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 89 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 90 Flavian flavian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 91 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 92 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 93 69–96 69–96 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 94 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 95 Nerva Nerva NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 96 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 298 97 Antonine antonine NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 98 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 99 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 100 96–192 96–192 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 101 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 102 Year Year NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 103 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 104 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 105 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 106 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 107 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 108 192–193 192–193 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 109 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 110 Severan Severan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 111 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 112 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 113 193–235 193–235 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 114 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 115 Year Year NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 116 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 117 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 118 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 119 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 120 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 121 238 238 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 122 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 123 Gordian gordian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 124 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 125 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 126 238–244 238–244 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 127 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 128 Illyrian illyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 129 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 131 268–284 268–284 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 132 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 133 Gallic gallic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 134 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 135 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 136 260–274 260–274 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 137 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 138 Britannic britannic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 139 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 140 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 141 286–297 286–297 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 142 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 143 Tetrarchies tetrarchie NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 144 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 145 293–313 293–313 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 146 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 147 Constantinian constantinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 148 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 149 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 150 305–363 305–363 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 151 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 152 Valentinianic valentinianic JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 153 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 154 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 155 364–392 364–392 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 156 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 157 Theodosian theodosian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 158 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 159 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 160 378–455 378–455 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 161 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 162 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 163 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 164 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 165 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 166 395–476 395–476 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 167 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 168 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 169 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 170 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 298 171 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 172 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 173 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 174 395–1453 395–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 175 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 176 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 177 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 178 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 179 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 180 1204–1261 1204–1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 181 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 182 Emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 183 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 184 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 185 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 186 1204–1461 1204–1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 187 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 188 Emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 189 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 298 190 Despots Despots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 191 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 192 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 193 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 194 1224–1246 1224–1246 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 195 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 196 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 197 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 198 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 199 1204–1261 1204–1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 200 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 201 Holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 202 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 203 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 204 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 205 800–1806 800–1806 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 206 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 207 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 208 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 209 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 210 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 211 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 212 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 213 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 214 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 215 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 216 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 217 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 298 218 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 219 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 220 Augustus augustus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 221 Tiberius tiberius NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 222 Caligula caligula JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 223 Claudius Claudius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 224 Nero Nero NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 225 Galba Galba NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 226 Otho Otho NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 227 Vitellius Vitellius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 228 Vespasian vespasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 229 Titus Titus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 230 Domitian Domitian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 231 Nerva Nerva NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 232 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 233 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 234 Antoninus Antoninus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 235 Pius Pius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 236 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 237 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 238 Lucius Lucius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 239 Verus Verus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 240 Commodus Commodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 241 Pertinax Pertinax NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 242 Didius Didius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 243 Julianus Julianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 244 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 245 Pescennius Pescennius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 246 Niger Niger NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 247 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 248 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 249 Clodius Clodius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 250 Albinus Albinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 251 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 252 Septimius Septimius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 253 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 254 Caracalla Caracalla NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 255 Geta Geta NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 256 Macrinus Macrinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 257 Diadumenian Diadumenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 258 Elagabalus Elagabalus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 259 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 260 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 261 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 262 235–284 235–284 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 263 Maximinus Maximinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 264 Thrax Thrax NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 265 Gordian Gordian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 266 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 267 Gordian Gordian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 268 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 269 Pupienus Pupienus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 270 Balbinus Balbinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 271 Gordian Gordian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 272 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 273 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 274 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 275 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 276 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 277 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 278 Decius Decius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 279 Herennius Herennius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 280 Etruscus Etruscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 281 Hostilian Hostilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 282 Trebonianus Trebonianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 283 Gallus Gallus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 284 Volusianus Volusianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 285 Aemilianus Aemilianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 286 Valerian Valerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 287 Gallienus Gallienus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 288 Saloninus Saloninus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 289 Claudius Claudius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 290 Gothicus Gothicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 291 Quintillus Quintillus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 292 Aurelian Aurelian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 293 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 294 Florian Florian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 295 Probus Probus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 296 Carus Carus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 297 Carinus Carinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 298 Numerian Numerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 299 Gallic Gallic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 300 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 301 Postumus Postumus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 302 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 303 Laelianus Laelianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 304 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 305 Marius Marius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 306 Victorinus Victorinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 307 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 308 Domitianus Domitianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 309 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 310 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 311 Tetricus Tetricus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 312 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 313 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 314 Tetricus Tetricus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 315 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 316 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 317 caesar caesar NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 318 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 319 284–395 284–395 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 320 Diocletian diocletian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 321 Maximian Maximian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 322 Galerius Galerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 323 Constantius Constantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 324 Chlorus Chlorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 325 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 326 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 327 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 328 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 329 Maxentius Maxentius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 330 Licinius Licinius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 331 Maximinus Maximinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 332 Daia Daia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 333 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 334 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 335 Valens Valens NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 336 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 337 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 338 Martinian Martinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 339 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 340 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 341 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 342 Constantius Constantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 343 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 344 Constans Constans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 345 Magnentius Magnentius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 346 Vetranio Vetranio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 347 Julian julian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 348 Jovian jovian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 349 Valentinian Valentinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 350 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 351 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 352 west west NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 353 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 354 Valens Valens NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 355 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 356 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 357 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 358 Gratian Gratian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 359 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 360 west west NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 361 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 362 Valentinian Valentinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 363 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 364 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 365 west west NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 366 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 367 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 368 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 369 Magnus Magnus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 370 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 371 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 372 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 373 Eugenius Eugenius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 374 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 375 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 376 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 377 395–480 395–480 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 378 Honorius Honorius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 379 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 380 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 381 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 382 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 383 Constans Constans NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 384 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 385 Constantius Constantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 386 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 387 Joannes Joannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 388 Valentinian Valentinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 389 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 390 Petronius Petronius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 391 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 392 Avitus Avitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 393 Majorian Majorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 394 Libius Libius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 395 Severus Severus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 396 Anthemius Anthemius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 397 Olybrius Olybrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 398 Glycerius Glycerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 399 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 400 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 401 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 402 Augustulus Augustulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 403 Eastern/ eastern/ CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 404 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 405 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 406 395–1204 395–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 407 Arcadius Arcadius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 408 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 409 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 410 Marcian Marcian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 411 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 412 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 413 Thracian Thracian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 414 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 415 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 416 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 417 Basiliscus Basiliscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 418 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 419 Anastasius Anastasius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 420 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 421 Dicorus Dicorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 422 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 423 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 424 Justinian justinian VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 425 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 426 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 427 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 428 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 429 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 430 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 431 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 432 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 433 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 434 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 435 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 436 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 437 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 438 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 439 emperor emperor JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 440 Phocas Phocas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 441 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 442 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 443 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 444 Heraklonas Heraklonas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 445 Constans Constans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 446 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 447 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 448 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 449 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 450 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 451 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 452 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 453 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 454 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 455 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-453 298 456 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 457 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 458 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 459 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 460 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 461 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 462 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 463 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 464 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 465 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 466 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 467 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 468 Leontios Leontios NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 469 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 470 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 471 Justinian justinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 472 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 473 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 474 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 475 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 476 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 477 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 478 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 479 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 480 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 481 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 482 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 483 emperor emperor JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 484 Philippikos Philippikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 485 Anastasios Anastasios NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 486 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 487 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 488 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 489 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 490 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 491 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 492 Isaurian Isaurian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 493 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 494 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 495 Artabasdos Artabasdos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 496 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 497 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 498 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 499 Khazar Khazar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 500 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 501 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 502 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 503 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 504 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 505 Staurakios Staurakios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 506 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 507 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 508 Rangabe Rangabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 509 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 510 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 511 Theophylact Theophylact NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 512 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 513 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 514 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 515 emperor emperor JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 516 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 517 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 518 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 519 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 520 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 521 Symbatios Symbatios NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 522 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 298 523 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 524 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 525 junior junior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 526 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 527 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 528 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 529 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 530 Amorian Amorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 531 Theophilos Theophilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 532 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 533 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 534 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 535 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 536 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 537 Macedonian Macedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 538 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 539 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 540 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 541 Wise Wise NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 542 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 543 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 544 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 545 Porphyrogennetos Porphyrogennetos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 546 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 547 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 548 Lekapenos lekapeno VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 298 549 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 550 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 551 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 552 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 298 553 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 554 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 555 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 556 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 557 junior junior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 558 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 559 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 560 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 561 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 562 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 563 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 564 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 565 Phokas Phokas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 566 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 567 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 568 Tzimiskes Tzimiskes NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 569 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 570 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 571 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 572 VIII viii NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 573 Zoë Zoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 574 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 575 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 576 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 577 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 578 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 579 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 580 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 581 Argyros Argyros NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 582 Zoë Zoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 583 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 584 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 585 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 586 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 587 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 588 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 589 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 590 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 591 Paphlagonian paphlagonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 592 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 593 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 594 Kalaphates Kalaphates NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 595 Zoë Zoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 596 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 597 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 598 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 599 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 600 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 601 Theodora Theodora NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 602 Zoë Zoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 603 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 604 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 605 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 606 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 607 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 608 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 609 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 610 Monomachos Monomachos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 611 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 612 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 613 Monomachos Monomachos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 614 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 615 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 616 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 617 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 618 Theodora Theodora NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 619 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 620 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 621 Bringas Bringas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 622 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 623 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 624 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 625 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 626 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 627 Doukas Doukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 628 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 629 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 630 Diogenes Diogenes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 631 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 632 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 633 Doukas Doukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 634 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 635 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 636 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 637 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 638 Konstantios Konstantios NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 639 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 640 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 641 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 642 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 643 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 644 Botaneiates botaneiate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 645 Alexios Alexios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 646 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 647 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 648 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 649 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 650 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 651 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 652 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 653 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 654 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 655 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 656 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 657 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 658 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 659 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 660 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 661 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 662 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 663 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 664 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 665 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 666 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 667 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 668 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 669 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 670 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 671 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 672 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 673 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 674 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 675 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 676 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 677 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 678 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 679 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 680 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 681 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 682 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 683 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 684 Kanabos Kanabos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 685 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 686 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 687 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 688 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 689 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 690 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 298 691 Alexios alexio VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 692 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 693 Doukas Doukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 694 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 695 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 696 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 697 1204–1261 1204–1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 698 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 699 Laskaris Laskaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 700 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 701 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 702 Laskaris Laskaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 703 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 704 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 705 Doukas Doukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 706 Vatatzes Vatatzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 707 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 708 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 709 Laskaris Laskaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 710 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 711 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 712 Laskaris Laskaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 713 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 714 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 715 1261–1453 1261–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 298 716 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 717 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 718 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 719 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 720 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 721 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 722 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 723 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 724 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 725 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 726 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 727 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 728 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 729 emperor emperor JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 730 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 731 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 732 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 733 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 734 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 735 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 736 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 737 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 738 Kantakouzenos Kantakouzenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 739 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 740 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 741 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 742 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 743 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 298 744 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 745 Kantakouzenos Kantakouzenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 746 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 747 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 748 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 749 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 750 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 751 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 752 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 753 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 754 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 755 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 756 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 757 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 758 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 759 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 760 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 761 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 762 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 763 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 764 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 765 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 766 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 767 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 768 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 769 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 770 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 298 771 Italics Italics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 298 772 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 773 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 774 junior junior JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 775 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 776 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 777 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 778 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 298 779 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 780 underlining underlining NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 781 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 298 782 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 298 783 usurper usurper NN en-wikipedia-org-453 298 784 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 299 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 6 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 7 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 8 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 9 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 11 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 12 overthrow overthrow VB en-wikipedia-org-453 299 13 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 15 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 16 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 17 Romana Romana NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 18 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 19 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 20 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 22 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 23 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 26 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 27 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 29 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 30 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 31 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 32 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 33 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 34 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 36 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 38 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 39 Legislative legislative JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 40 assemblies assembly NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 41 Curiate curiate VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 42 Centuriate Centuriate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 43 Tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 44 Plebeian plebeian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 45 Executive executive JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 46 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 47 SPQR SPQR NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 48 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 49 Twelve Twelve NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 50 Tables Tables NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 51 Mos Mos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 52 maiorum maiorum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 53 Citizenship Citizenship NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 54 Auctoritas Auctoritas NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 55 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 56 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 57 Litigation Litigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 58 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 59 Curia Curia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 60 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 61 Cursus Cursus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 62 honorum honorum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 63 Collegiality Collegiality NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 64 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 65 Legatus Legatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 66 Dux Dux NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 67 Officium Officium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 68 Prefect Prefect NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 69 Vicarius Vicarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 70 Vigintisexviri Vigintisexviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 71 Lictor Lictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 72 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 73 militum militum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 74 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 75 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 76 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 77 Pontifex Pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 78 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 79 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 80 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 81 Tetrarch Tetrarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 82 Optimates Optimates NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 83 Populares Populares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 84 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 85 Magistrates magistrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 86 Ordinary Ordinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 87 Consul Consul NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 88 Censor Censor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 89 Praetor Praetor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 90 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 91 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 92 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 93 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 94 Plebs Plebs NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 95 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 96 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 97 Quaestor Quaestor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 98 Aedile Aedile NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 99 Promagistrate Promagistrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 100 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 101 Extraordinary Extraordinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 102 Rex Rex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 103 Interrex Interrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 104 Dictator Dictator NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 105 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 106 Equitum Equitum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 107 Decemviri Decemviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 108 Consular Consular NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 109 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 110 Triumvir Triumvir NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 111 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 112 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 113 Borders Borders NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 114 Establishment Establishment NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 115 Structure Structure NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 116 Campaigns campaign VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 117 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 118 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 119 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 120 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 121 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 122 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 299 123 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 124 castra castra NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 125 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 126 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 127 Legion Legion NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 128 Infantry Infantry NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 129 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 130 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 131 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 132 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 133 engines engine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 134 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 135 Auxiliaries Auxiliaries NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 136 Decorations Decorations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 137 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 299 138 punishments punishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 139 Hippika Hippika NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 140 gymnasia gymnasia NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 141 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 142 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 143 Deforestation Deforestation NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 144 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 145 Finance Finance NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 146 Currency Currency NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 147 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 148 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 149 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 150 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 151 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 152 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 153 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 154 Bathing bathe VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 299 155 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 156 Clothing Clothing NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 157 Cosmetics Cosmetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 158 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 159 Hairstyles Hairstyles NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 160 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 161 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 162 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 163 Mythology Mythology NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 164 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 165 Deities Deities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 166 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 167 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 168 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 169 Sexuality Sexuality NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 170 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 171 Wine Wine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 172 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 173 Patricians Patricians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 174 Plebs plebs VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 175 Conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 176 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 177 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 178 Orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 179 Secessio Secessio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 180 plebis plebi VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 181 Equites equite NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 182 Gens Gens NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 183 Tribes Tribes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 184 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 185 Naming Naming NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 186 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 187 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 188 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 189 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 190 Adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 191 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 192 Bagaudae Bagaudae NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 193 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 194 Amphitheatres Amphitheatres NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 195 Aqueducts aqueduct VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 196 Bridges Bridges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 197 Circuses circuse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 198 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 199 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 200 Concrete concrete NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 201 Domes Domes NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 202 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 203 Numerals Numerals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 204 Roads Roads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 205 Temples Temples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 206 Theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 207 Sanitation Sanitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 208 Thermae Thermae NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 209 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 210 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 211 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 212 Versions Versions NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 213 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 214 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 215 Vulgar Vulgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 216 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 217 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 218 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 219 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 220 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 221 Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 222 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 223 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 224 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 225 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 226 Aelius Aelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 227 Donatus Donatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 228 Ammianus Ammianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 229 Marcellinus Marcellinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 230 Appuleius Appuleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 231 Asconius Asconius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 232 Pedianus Pedianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 233 Augustine Augustine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 234 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 235 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 236 Ausonius Ausonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 237 Boëthius Boëthius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 238 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 239 Catullus Catullus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 240 Cassiodorus Cassiodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 241 Censorinus Censorinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 242 Cicero Cicero NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 243 Claudian Claudian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 244 Columella Columella NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 245 Cornelius Cornelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 246 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 247 Ennius Ennius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 248 Eutropius Eutropius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 249 Fabius Fabius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 250 Pictor Pictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 251 Sextus Sextus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 252 Pompeius Pompeius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 253 Festus Festus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 254 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 255 Festus Festus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 256 Florus Florus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 257 Frontinus Frontinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 258 Fronto Fronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 259 Fulgentius Fulgentius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 260 Gellius Gellius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 261 Horace Horace NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 262 Hydatius Hydatius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 263 Hyginus Hyginus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 264 Jerome Jerome NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 265 Jordanes Jordanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 266 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 267 Paulus Paulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 268 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 269 Juvenal Juvenal NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 270 Lactantius Lactantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 271 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 272 Lucan Lucan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 273 Lucretius Lucretius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 274 Macrobius Macrobius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 275 Marcellus Marcellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 276 Empiricus Empiricus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 277 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 278 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 279 Manilius Manilius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 280 Martial Martial NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 281 Nicolaus Nicolaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 282 Damascenus Damascenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 283 Nonius Nonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 284 Marcellus Marcellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 285 Obsequens Obsequens NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 286 Orosius Orosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 287 Ovid Ovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 288 Petronius Petronius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 289 Phaedrus Phaedrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 290 Plautus Plautus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 291 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 292 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 293 Elder Elder NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 294 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 295 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 296 Younger Younger NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 297 Pomponius Pomponius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 298 Mela Mela NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 299 Priscian Priscian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 300 Propertius Propertius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 301 Quadrigarius Quadrigarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 302 Quintilian Quintilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 303 Quintus Quintus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 304 Curtius Curtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 305 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 306 Sallust Sallust NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 307 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 308 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 309 Elder eld JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 299 310 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 311 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 312 Younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 299 313 Servius Servius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 314 Sidonius Sidonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 315 Apollinaris Apollinaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 316 Silius Silius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 317 Italicus Italicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 318 Statius Statius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 319 Suetonius Suetonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 320 Symmachus Symmachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 321 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 322 Terence Terence NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 323 Tertullian Tertullian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 324 Tibullus Tibullus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 325 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 326 Antias Antias NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 327 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 328 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 329 Varro Varro NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 330 Velleius Velleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 331 Paterculus Paterculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 332 Verrius Verrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 333 Flaccus Flaccus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 334 Vergil Vergil NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 335 Vitruvius Vitruvius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 336 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 337 Aelian Aelian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 338 Aëtius Aëtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 339 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 340 Amida Amida NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 341 Appian appian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 342 Arrian arrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 343 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 344 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 345 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 346 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 347 Diogenes Diogenes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 348 Laërtius Laërtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 349 Dionysius Dionysius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 350 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 351 Halicarnassus Halicarnassus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 352 Dioscorides Dioscorides NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 353 Eusebius Eusebius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 354 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 355 Caesaria Caesaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 356 Galen Galen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 357 Herodian Herodian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 358 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 359 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 360 Libanius Libanius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 361 Lucian lucian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 362 Pausanias Pausanias NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 363 Philostratus Philostratus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 364 Phlegon Phlegon NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 365 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 366 Tralles Tralles NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 367 Photius Photius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 368 Plutarch Plutarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 369 Polyaenus Polyaenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 370 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 371 Porphyrius Porphyrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 372 Priscus Priscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 373 Procopius Procopius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 374 Simplicius Simplicius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 375 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 376 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 377 Sozomen Sozomen NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 378 Stephanus Stephanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 379 Byzantinus Byzantinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 380 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 381 Themistius Themistius NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 382 Theodoret Theodoret NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 383 Zonaras Zonaras NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 384 Zosimus Zosimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 385 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 386 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 387 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 388 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 389 Aquileia Aquileia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 390 Berytus Berytus NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 391 Bononia Bononia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 392 Carthage Carthage NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 393 Constantinopolis Constantinopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 394 Eboracum Eboracum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 395 Leptis Leptis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 396 Magna Magna NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 397 Londinium Londinium NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 398 Lugdunum Lugdunum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 399 Lutetia Lutetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 400 Mediolanum Mediolanum NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 401 Pompeii Pompeii NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 402 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 403 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 404 Smyrna Smyrna NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 405 Vindobona Vindobona NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 406 Volubilis Volubilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 407 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 408 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 299 409 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 410 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 411 Cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 412 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 299 413 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 414 Climate Climate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 415 Consuls Consuls NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 416 Dictators dictator VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 417 Distinguished distinguish VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 418 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 419 Dynasties Dynasties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 420 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 421 Generals Generals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 422 Gentes Gentes NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 423 Geographers Geographers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 424 Institutions Institutions NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 425 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 426 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 427 Legions Legions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 428 Magistri Magistri NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 429 equitum equitum NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 430 Nomina Nomina NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 431 Pontifices pontifice VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 432 Maximi Maximi NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 433 Praetors Praetors NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 434 Quaestors Quaestors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 435 Tribunes Tribunes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 436 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 437 – – : en-wikipedia-org-453 299 438 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 439 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 440 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 441 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 299 442 battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 443 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 444 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 445 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 299 446 revolts revolt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 447 Fiction Fiction NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 448 Films Films NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 449 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 450 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 451 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-453 299 452 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_emperor&oldid=996565036 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_emperor&oldid=996565036 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 453 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-453 299 454 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 455 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 299 456 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 457 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 458 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 459 20s 20 NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 460 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 461 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 462 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 463 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 464 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 465 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 466 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 467 disestablishments disestablishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 468 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 469 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 299 470 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 471 disestablishments disestablishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 472 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 473 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 474 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 475 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 476 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 477 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 478 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 479 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 480 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 481 Positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 482 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 483 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 484 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 485 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 486 : : : en-wikipedia-org-453 299 487 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 488 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 489 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 490 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 491 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 492 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 493 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 494 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 495 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 496 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 497 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 498 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 299 499 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 500 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 501 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 502 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 503 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 504 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 505 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 506 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 299 507 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 508 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 509 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 510 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 299 511 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 512 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 513 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 299 514 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 299 515 1453)-language 1453)-language VB en-wikipedia-org-453 299 516 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 517 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 518 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 519 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 520 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 521 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 522 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 523 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 524 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 525 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 526 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 527 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 528 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 529 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 530 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 299 531 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 532 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 533 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 534 auto auto NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 535 scaled scale VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 536 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 537 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 538 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 539 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 299 540 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 541 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 542 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 543 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 544 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 545 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 546 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 547 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 548 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 549 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 550 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 551 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 552 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 553 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 554 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 555 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 556 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 557 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 558 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 559 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 560 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 561 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 562 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-453 299 563 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 564 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 565 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 566 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 567 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 568 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 569 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 570 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 571 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 572 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 573 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 574 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 575 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 576 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 577 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 578 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 579 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 580 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-453 299 581 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 582 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 583 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 584 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 585 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 586 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 587 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 588 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 589 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 590 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 591 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 592 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 593 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 594 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 595 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 596 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 597 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-453 299 598 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-453 299 599 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-453 299 600 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 601 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 602 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 603 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 604 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 605 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 606 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 607 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 608 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 609 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-453 299 610 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 611 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 612 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 613 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 614 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 615 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 616 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 617 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 618 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 619 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 620 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-453 299 621 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 622 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 623 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 624 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 625 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 626 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 299 627 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 628 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 629 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 630 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 631 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 632 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 633 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 634 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 635 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 636 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 637 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 638 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 639 Ænglisc Ænglisc NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 640 العربية العربية NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 641 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 642 বাংলা বাংলা NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 643 Bân Bân NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 644 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 299 645 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 646 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 299 647 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 648 Bikol Bikol NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 649 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 650 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 651 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 652 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 653 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 654 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 655 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 656 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 657 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 658 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 659 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 660 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 661 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 662 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 663 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 664 Jawa Jawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 665 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 666 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 667 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 668 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 669 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 670 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 671 Македонски Македонски NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 672 मराठी मराठी NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 673 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 674 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 675 日本語 日本語 NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 676 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 677 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 678 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 679 پنجابی پنجابی JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 680 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 681 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 682 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 683 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 684 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-453 299 685 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 299 686 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 687 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 688 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-453 299 689 ไทย ไทย NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 690 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 691 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 692 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 693 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 694 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 695 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 696 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 697 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 299 698 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 299 699 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 700 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 701 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-453 299 702 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 703 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 704 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 705 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 706 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 707 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 299 708 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-453 299 709 10:39 10:39 CD en-wikipedia-org-453 299 710   _SP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 711 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 299 712 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 299 713 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-453 299 714 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 300 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-453 300 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 300 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 300 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-453 300 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 300 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 300 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 300 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 300 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-453 300 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 300 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 300 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-453 300 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 300 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 300 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-453 300 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-453 300 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 301 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-453 301 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-453 301 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-453 301 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-453 301 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 301 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-453 301 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-453 301 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-453 301 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 301 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-453 301 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 301 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 301 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-453 301 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 301 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 301 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 302 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 302 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 302 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-453 302 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 302 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 302 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-453 302 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-453 302 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-453 302 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 302 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 302 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 302 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 302 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-453 302 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-453 302 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 302 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 302 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-453 302 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-453 302 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-453 303 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 303 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-453 303 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-453 303 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 303 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-453 303 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 303 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 303 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 303 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-453 303 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 303 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 303 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-453 303 13 statement statement NN