id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 1 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 4 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 5 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 8 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 13 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 14 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 17 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 18 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 19 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 21 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 22 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 24 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 26 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 27 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 30 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 31 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 35 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 37 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 39 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 40 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 41 Demographically demographically RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 44 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 45 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 46 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 48 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 49 premodern premodern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 50 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 1 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 3 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 4 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 5 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 8 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 9 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 10 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 13 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 14 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 15 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 16 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 2 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 1 Perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 2 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 5 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 6 died die VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 9 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 3 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 2 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 3 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 4 alive alive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 6 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 9 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 11 die die VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 14 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 16 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 4 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 3 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 7 Antonine Antonine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 8 Plague Plague NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 11 160s 160s NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 12 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 17 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 19 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 20 60–70 60–70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 21 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 24 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 25 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 27 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 28 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 29 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 30 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 31 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 32 kilometer kilometer NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 5 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 5 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 6 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 9 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 11 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 12 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 14 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 16 unusually unusually RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 17 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 18 urbanization urbanization NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 19 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 6 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 3 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 5 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 8 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 12 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 15 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 16 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 7 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 1 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 2 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 3 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 6 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 8 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 9 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 11 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 8 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 3 Background background NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 5 Mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 7 Fertility Fertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 9 Migration Migration NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 10 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 11 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 12 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 13 Estimates Estimates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 14 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 15 Urbanization urbanization NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 16 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 17 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 18 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 19 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 20 8.1 8.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 21 Citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 22 8.2 8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 23 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 24 8.2.1 8.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 25 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 26 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 27 8.2.2 8.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 28 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 29 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 30 Background[edit background[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 32 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 33 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 35 Latins latin NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 37 Italic italic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 38 tribe tribe NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 40 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 42 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 43 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 45 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 46 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 48 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 49 hinterlands hinterland NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 52 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 53 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 55 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 56 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 57 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 58 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 60 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 61 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 62 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 63 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 64 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 65 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 67 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 68 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 69 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 9 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 2 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 3 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 5 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 10 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 12 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 13 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 15 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 17 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 18 0.1 0.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 19 per per NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 20 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 23 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 25 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 28 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 30 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 32 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 35 quadrupling quadrupling NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 38 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 40 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 41 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 10 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 1 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 3 slower slow JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 4 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 6 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 7 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 11 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 13 developed developed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 16 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 23 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 25 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 26 0.07 0.07 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 27 per per NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 28 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 29 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 30 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 11 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 6 stronger strong JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 9 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 10 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 13 succeeding succeed VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 17 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 18 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 19 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 21 1800 1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 22 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 25 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 26 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 29 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 30 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 31 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 32 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 33 0.06 0.06 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 35 0.07 0.07 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 36 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 37 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 38 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 39 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 41 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 44 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 45 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 46 0.1 0.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 47 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 48 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 49 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 50 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 51 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 56 north north JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 57 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 59 west west JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 60 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 61 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 64 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 65 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 66 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 67 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 68 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 69 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 70 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 12 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 5 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 7 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 9 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 11 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 13 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 14 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 15 0.1 0.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 16 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 17 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 18 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 19 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 21 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 22 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 24 1800 1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 25 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 13 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 2 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 3 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 4 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 6 disintegration disintegration NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 9 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 10 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 17 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 19 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 20 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 22 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 23 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 24 re re VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 25 - - VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 26 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 27 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 29 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 30 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 31 totals total NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 34 twelfth twelfth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 36 thirteenth thirteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 37 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 40 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 41 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 42 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 43 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 44 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 46 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 47 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 49 consistently consistently RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 50 exceeded exceed VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 51 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 52 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 54 mid-15th mid-15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 55 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 14 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 7 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 8 surviving surviving NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 9 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 12 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 13 demography demography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 15 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 4 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 5 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 6 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 10 underlie underlie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 12 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 13 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 16 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 17 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 19 either either RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 16 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 1 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 2 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 4 impressionistic impressionistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 6 moralizing moralize VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 9 anecdotal anecdotal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 10 observations observation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 12 demography demography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 13 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 16 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 17 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 17 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 4 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 5 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 8 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 11 demography demography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 14 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 16 rely rely VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 17 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 19 conjecture conjecture NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 21 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 23 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 24 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 25 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 27 observations observation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 18 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 4 Mortality[edit mortality[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 6 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 8 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 9 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 10 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 11 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 13 factored factor VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 16 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 17 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 19 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 21 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 24 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 28 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 29 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 31 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 33 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 34 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 35 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 19 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 3 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 4 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 5 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 7 factored factor VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 8 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 10 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 11 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 13 doubled double VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 16 late-50s late-50s NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 20 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 4 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 5 infancy infancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 8 mid mid NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 9 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 10 teens teen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 13 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 16 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 18 expect expect VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 19 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 20 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 21 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 23 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 25 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 27 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 28 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 29 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 30 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 31 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 33 shorter short JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 34 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 36 varied varied JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 37 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 21 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 2 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 5 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 7 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 8 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 11 conjecture conjecture NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 13 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 14 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 18 sparse sparse JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 21 dubious dubious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 22 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 27 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 29 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 30 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 31 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 32 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 35 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 22 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 2 originates originate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 4 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 6 country country JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 7 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 9 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 12 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 14 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 15 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 21 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 22 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 23 expect expect VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 25 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 26 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 27 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 29 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 30 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 32 known known JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 33 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 34 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 35 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 36 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 23 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 2 demography demography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 3 bears bear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 4 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 6 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 7 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 9 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 11 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 12 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 16 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 19 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 20 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 21 expectancies expectancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 23 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 25 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 28 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 29 20s 20 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 24 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 4 About about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 5 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 6 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 7 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 8 filed file VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 10 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 14 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 15 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 16 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 17 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 25 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 1 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 2 Bagnall Bagnall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 4 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 5 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 8 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 10 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 11 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 13 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 14 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 15 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 18 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 19 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 20 expectancies expectancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 22 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 24 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 25 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 27 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 28 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 30 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 31 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 32 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 34 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 35 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 36 tables table NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 26 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 5 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 8 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 9 reconstructions reconstruction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 10 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 11 cemetery cemetery NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 12 skeletons skeleton NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 15 tombstones tombstone NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 17 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 18 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 22 annuities annuity NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 23 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 27 Ulpian Ulpian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 29 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 30 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 27 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 2 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 4 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 7 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 9 disputed dispute VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 12 skeletons skeleton NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 16 firmly firmly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 17 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 20 tombstones tombstone NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 21 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 22 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 23 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 24 representative representative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 25 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 26 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 30 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 33 Ulpian Ulpian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 35 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 36 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 38 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 39 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 28 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 1 Nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 3 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 5 converge converge VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 7 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 9 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 10 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 11 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 12 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 15 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 16 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 19 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 21 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 23 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 25 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 27 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 29 comparably comparably RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 30 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 31 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 32 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 34 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 37 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 38 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 39 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 42 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 43 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 44 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 45 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 47 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 50 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 52 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 53 reinforce reinforce VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 55 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 56 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 58 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 59 demography demography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 60 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 61 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 62 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 63 expectancies expectancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 64 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 65 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 66 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 67 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 69 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 70 20s 20 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 29 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 6 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 9 accurate accurate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 10 observations observation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 11 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 13 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 15 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 16 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 17 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 19 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 20 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 21 tables table NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 22 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 24 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 26 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 27 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 28 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 30 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 31 demography demography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 30 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 2 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 4 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 6 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 7 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 9 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 10 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 11 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 13 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 15 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 16 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 18 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 31 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 3 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 4 synopsis synopsis NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 10 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 11 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 12 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 14 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 16 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 23 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 24 generalized generalized JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 26 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 27 applicable applicable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 32 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 4 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 7 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 11 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 12 input input NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 15 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 16 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 17 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 18 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 19 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 20 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 22 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 23 approximate approximate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 24 picture picture NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 26 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 27 demography demography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 33 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 3 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 4 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 7 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 9 seriously seriously RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 10 misrepresent misrepresent VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 13 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 16 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 17 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 19 juvenile juvenile NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 21 adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 22 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 26 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 27 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 28 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 29 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 31 sexes sex NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 34 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 5 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 6 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 9 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 10 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 12 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 14 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 15 varied vary VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 16 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 17 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 18 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 20 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 23 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 24 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 35 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 2 9][notes 9][notes CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 6 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 8 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 9 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 14 unusual unusual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 36 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 2 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 3 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 4 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 7 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 9 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 10 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 12 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 13 plausible,[11 plausible,[11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 15 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 17 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 18 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 20 exceeded exceed VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 22 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 23 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 25 marginal marginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 26 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 28 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 30 malarious malarious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 31 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 32 districts district NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 34 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 35 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 37 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 39 altitude altitude NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 41 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 43 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 44 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 45 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 47 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 37 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 4 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 5 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 7 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 11 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 12 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 13 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 18 Females Females NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 19 Males Males NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 20 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 21 Mortality Mortality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 22 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 23 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 24 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 25 Mortality Mortality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 26 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 27 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 28 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 29 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 30 0.3056 0.3056 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 31 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 32 25.0 25.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 33 0.3517 0.3517 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 34 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 35 22.8 22.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 36 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 37 0.2158 0.2158 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 38 69,444 69,444 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 39 34.9 34.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 40 0.2147 0.2147 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 41 64,826 64,826 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 42 34.1 34.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 43 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 44 0.0606 0.0606 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 45 54,456 54,456 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 46 40.1 40.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 47 0.0563 0.0563 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 48 50,906 50,906 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 49 39.0 39.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 50 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 51 0.0474 0.0474 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 52 51,156 51,156 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 53 37.5 37.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 54 0.0404 0.0404 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 55 48,041 48,041 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 56 36.2 36.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 57 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 58 0.0615 0.0615 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 59 48,732 48,732 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 60 34.2 34.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 61 0.0547 0.0547 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 62 46,099 46,099 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 63 32.6 32.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 64 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 65 0.0766 0.0766 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 66 45,734 45,734 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 67 31.3 31.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 68 0.0775 0.0775 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 69 43,579 43,579 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 70 29.4 29.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 71 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 72 0.0857 0.0857 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 73 42,231 42,231 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 74 28.7 28.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 75 0.0868 0.0868 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 76 40,201 40,201 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 77 26.6 26.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 78 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 79 0.0965 0.0965 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 80 38,614 38,614 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 81 26.1 26.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 82 0.1002 0.1002 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 83 36,713 36,713 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 84 23.9 23.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 85 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 86 0.1054 0.1054 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 87 34,886 34,886 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 88 23.7 23.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 89 0.1168 0.1168 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 90 33,035 33,035 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 91 21.3 21.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 92 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 93 0.1123 0.1123 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 94 31,208 31,208 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 95 21.1 21.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 96 0.1397 0.1397 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 97 29,177 29,177 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 98 18.7 18.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 99 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 100 0.1197 0.1197 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 101 27,705 27,705 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 102 18.5 18.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 103 0.1597 0.1597 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 104 25,101 25,101 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 105 16.4 16.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 106 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 107 0.1529 0.1529 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 108 24,389 24,389 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 109 15.6 15.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 110 0.1981 0.1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 111 21,092 21,092 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 112 14.0 14.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 113 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 114 0.1912 0.1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 115 20,661 20,661 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 116 13.0 13.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 117 0.2354 0.2354 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 118 16,915 16,915 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 119 11.8 11.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 120 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 121 0.2715 0.2715 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 122 16,712 16,712 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 123 10.4 10.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 124 0.3091 0.3091 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 125 12,932 12,932 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 126 9.6 9.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 127 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 128 0.3484 0.3484 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 129 12,175 12,175 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 130 8.4 8.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 131 0.3921 0.3921 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 132 8,936 8,936 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 133 7.7 7.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 134 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 135 0.4713 0.4713 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 136 7,934 7,934 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 137 6.5 6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 138 0.5040 0.5040 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 139 5,432 5,432 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 140 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 141 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 142 0.6081 0.6081 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 143 4,194 4,194 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 144 4.9 4.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 145 0.6495 0.6495 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 146 2,694 2,694 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 147 4.6 4.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 148 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 149 0.7349 0.7349 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 150 1,644 1,644 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 151 3.6 3.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 152 0.7623 0.7623 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 153 944 944 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 154 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 155 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 156 0.8650 0.8650 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 157 436 436 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 158 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 159 0.8814 0.8814 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 160 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 161 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 162 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 163 0.9513 0.9513 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 164 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 165 1.8 1.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 166 0.9578 0.9578 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 167 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 168 1.7 1.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 169 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 170 1.0000 1.0000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 171 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 172 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 173 1.0000 1.0000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 174 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 175 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 176 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 177 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 178 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 179 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 180 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 181 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 182 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 183 789 789 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 184 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 185 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 186 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 38 187 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 2 notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 3 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 6 specifics specific NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 8 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 9 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 10 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 11 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 13 moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 17 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 18 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 19 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 20 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 22 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 24 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 25 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 39 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 5 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 7 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 8 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 11 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 12 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 14 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 18 chronic chronic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 20 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 24 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 25 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 27 characterize characterize VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 28 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 30 industrialized industrialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 31 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 33 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 34 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 35 malnutrition malnutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 37 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 38 acute acute JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 39 infectious infectious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 40 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 42 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 43 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 44 varied varied JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 45 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 46 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 47 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 48 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 50 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 40 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 1 Pulmonary pulmonary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 2 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 7 characterized characterize VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 8 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 12 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 14 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 17 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 18 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 21 concentrated concentrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 25 twenties twenty NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 27 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 28 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 29 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 30 tables table NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 31 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 33 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 34 trough trough NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 41 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 4 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 7 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 9 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 10 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 13 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 19 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 20 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 21 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 23 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 24 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 27 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 29 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 30 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 31 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 32 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 34 adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 35 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 39 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 40 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 41 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 42 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 43 expectancies expectancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 44 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 45 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 46 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 47 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 48 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 49 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 51 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 53 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 54 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 55 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 57 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 58 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 59 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 60 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 61 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 63 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 64 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 65 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 66 omit omit VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 67 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 68 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 69 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 70 depend depend VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 71 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 73 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 74 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 75 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 76 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 77 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 78 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 79 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 80 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 81 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 82 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 83 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 84 uniform uniform JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 86 predictable predictable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 87 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 42 89 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 4 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 5 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 6 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 8 gauge gauge VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 10 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 13 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 16 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 17 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 19 overlook overlook VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 20 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 21 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 26 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 27 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 28 tables table NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 29 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 30 overstate overstate VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 31 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 34 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 35 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 36 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 38 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 39 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 40 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 41 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 42 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 43 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 44 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 45 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 46 concentrated concentrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 49 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 50 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 52 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 43 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 4 Mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 7 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 10 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 12 discourages discourage VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 13 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 15 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 16 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 18 hindering hinder VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 19 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 20 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 22 adolescent adolescent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 23 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 24 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 26 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 28 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 30 thirds third NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 31 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 32 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 34 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 35 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 36 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 40 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 42 creates create VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 43 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 44 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 46 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 47 widows widow NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 49 orphans orphan NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 50 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 53 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 55 hinders hinder NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 56 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 58 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 59 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 60 planning planning NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 44 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 3 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 5 debilitating debilitate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 6 diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 11 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 12 working working NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 13 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 15 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 16 worse bad JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 18 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 20 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 21 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 22 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 24 HALE HALE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 28 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 30 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 31 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 33 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 34 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 36 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 38 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 39 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 41 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 42 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 43 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 44 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 45 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 47 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 48 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 51 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 53 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 54 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 55 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 56 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 57 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 59 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 60 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 61 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 62 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 63 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 64 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 65 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 66 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 67 sixth sixth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 69 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 70 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 72 beneath beneath IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 73 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 74 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 75 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 45 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 2 HALE HALE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 4 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 5 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 7 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 8 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 10 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 12 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 14 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 15 depressed depressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 16 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 18 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 19 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 46 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 4 Fertility[edit Fertility[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 9 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 11 obstetrics obstetric NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 13 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 14 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 15 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 16 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 17 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 18 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 19 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 21 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 22 regime regime NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 23 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 24 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 25 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 27 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 28 sustained sustained JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 29 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 30 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 31 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 32 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 33 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 36 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 37 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 47 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 2 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 3 expectancies expectancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 5 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 7 thirty thirty CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 9 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 13 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 14 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 17 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 19 6.5 6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 20 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 22 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 23 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 24 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 48 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 1 Given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 2 elevated elevated JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 3 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 5 divorce divorce NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 7 widowhood widowhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 10 sterility sterility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 12 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 15 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 16 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 18 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 19 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 22 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 24 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 25 baseline baseline NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 28 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 29 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 31 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 32 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 33 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 34 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 49 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 4 Fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 5 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 7 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 9 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 10 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 11 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 13 outstripped outstrip VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 14 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 15 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 50 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 2 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 3 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 4 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 6 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 9 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 11 0.7 0.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 12 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 14 double double VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 16 halve halve VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 17 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 18 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 51 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 2 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 4 feasible feasible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 5 locally locally RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 9 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 10 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 15 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 16 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 17 consistently consistently RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 18 outstrip outstrip VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 19 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 21 epidemics epidemic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 27 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 28 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 30 convergence convergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 32 maintenance maintenance NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 33 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 36 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 52 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 5 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 6 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 7 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 10 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 11 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 18 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 19 undergone undergo VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 22 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 23 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 26 artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 27 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 28 controls control NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 29 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 30 contraception contraception NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 32 abortion abortion NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 35 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 36 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 38 alter alter VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 39 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 40 fecundity fecundity NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 43 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 44 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 53 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 2 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 3 limitation limitation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 7 couples couple NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 8 ceased cease VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 9 procreating procreate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 10 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 13 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 15 acceptable acceptable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 16 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 18 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 21 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 22 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 23 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 54 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 7 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 9 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 11 limitation limitation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 13 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 15 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 18 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 19 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 20 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 21 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 22 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 24 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 25 governed govern VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 27 parity parity NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 29 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 30 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 55 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 4 Marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 5 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 9 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 12 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 13 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 14 Attested Attested NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 15 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 16 Gompertz Gompertz NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 17 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 18 12–14 12–14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 19 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 20 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 21 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 22 15–19 15–19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 23 232 232 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 24 249 249 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 25 420 420 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 26 20–24 20–24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 27 343 343 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 28 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 29 460 460 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 30 25–29 25–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 31 367 367 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 32 325 325 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 33 431 431 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 34 30–34 30–34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 35 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 36 299 299 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 37 396 396 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 38 35–39 35–39 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 39 218 218 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 40 262 262 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 41 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 42 40–44 40–44 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 43 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 44 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 45 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 46 45–49 45–49 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 47 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 48 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 49 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 50 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 51 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 54 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 55 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 56 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 58 325 325 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 60 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 61 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 56 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 2 notes notes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 3 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 5 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 7 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 8 conforms conform VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 10 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 16 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 18 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 20 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 21 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 23 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 24 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 25 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 27 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 28 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 29 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 57 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 2 21 21 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 5 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 7 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 8 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 10 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 11 robust robust JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 14 elites elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 16 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 19 senatorial senatorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 20 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 22 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 24 marry marry VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 27 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 28 twenties twenty NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 30 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 32 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 34 marry marry VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 37 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 38 teens teen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 58 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 5 plausible plausible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 6 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 9 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 11 funerary funerary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 12 commemoration commemoration NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 16 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 17 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 19 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 20 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 23 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 24 teens teen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 26 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 27 twenties twenty NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 30 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 31 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 34 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 35 twenties twenty NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 37 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 38 thirties thirty NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 59 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 6 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 7 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 8 stands stand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 10 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 14 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 17 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 19 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 20 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 22 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 26 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 27 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 29 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 30 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 31 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 60 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 4 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 7 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 8 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 12 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 14 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 18 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 19 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 21 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 23 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 61 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 3 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 4 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 7 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 9 prolonged prolonged JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 10 breastfeeding breastfeeding NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 12 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 13 infanticide infanticide NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 16 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 17 celibacy celibacy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 19 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 21 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 23 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 62 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 5 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 6 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 8 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 12 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 14 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 63 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 1 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 9 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 11 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 12 breastfeeding breastfeeding NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 17 lengthened lengthen VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 18 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 19 spacing spacing NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 64 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 1 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 2 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 3 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 5 comparable comparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 7 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 8 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 11 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 12 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 13 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 14 village village NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 15 Nakahara Nakahara NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 17 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 18 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 19 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 21 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 22 practiced practice VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 23 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 24 limitation limitation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 65 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 3 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 4 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 5 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 7 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 10 speaks speak VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 13 incidence incidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 15 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 16 limitation limitation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 17 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 21 supposedly supposedly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 23 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 24 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 26 regimes regime NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 66 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 6 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 7 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 9 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 10 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 12 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 13 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 14 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 18 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 20 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 21 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 22 infanticide infanticide NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 24 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 25 exposure exposure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 67 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 3 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 6 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 8 unlikely unlikely JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 10 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 12 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 16 nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 17 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 19 quantify quantify VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 21 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 22 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 23 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 24 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 25 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 26 permit permit VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 27 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 30 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 32 femicide femicide NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 68 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 3 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 5 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 6 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 8 prevail prevail VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 10 medieval[citation medieval[citation DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 11 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 14 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 15 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 17 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 18 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 20 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 22 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 23 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 24 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 25 discouraging discourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 28 diminishing diminish VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 30 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 32 childhood childhood NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 33 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 35 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 36 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 38 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 39 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 41 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 43 foundling foundle VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 44 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 46 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 47 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 49 wet wet NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 51 nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 53 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 69 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 2 constraints constraint NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 4 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 6 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 8 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 11 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 70 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 4 Migration[edit Migration[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 6 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 9 Cavalli Cavalli NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 11 Sforza Sforza NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 12 reconstruction reconstruction NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 14 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 15 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 17 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 19 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 20 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 22 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 23 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 25 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 26 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 71 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 2 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 3 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 5 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 7 ascribed ascribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 10 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 11 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 13 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 14 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 15 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 16 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 18 improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 19 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 21 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 23 inter inter JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 24 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 25 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 26 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 72 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 2 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 4 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 5 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 7 village village NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 9 village village NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 13 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 17 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 18 dedication dedication NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 20 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 22 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 23 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 26 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 29 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 73 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 2 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 5 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 6 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 8 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 9 convenient;[26 convenient;[26 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 13 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 16 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 18 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 19 750,000 750,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 20 Italians Italians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 21 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 24 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 74 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 4 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 5 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 7 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 8 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 10 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 12 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 13 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 17 veterans veteran NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 19 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 22 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 26 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 75 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 1 Those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 2 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 4 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 5 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 8 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 11 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 13 Keppie Keppie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 15 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 76 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 3 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 6 achievements achievement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 9 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 10 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 12 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 13 Gestae Gestae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 16 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 17 stated state VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 19 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 21 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 22 120,000 120,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 23 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 25 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 26 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 28 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 30 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 31 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 33 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 34 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 35 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 37 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 39 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 41 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 42 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 44 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 45 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 47 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 48 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 49 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 50 96,000 96,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 52 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 53 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 77 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 4 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 5 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 7 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 9 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 10 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 12 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 13 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 14 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 15 420,000 420,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 16 Italians Italians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 18 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 22 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 23 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 26 Veteran Veteran NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 28 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 30 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 33 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 34 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 37 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 39 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 41 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 42 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 43 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 44 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 45 Lex Lex NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 46 Calpurnia Calpurnia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 47 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 48 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 49 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 50 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 52 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 53 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 54 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 55 distinguished distinguished JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 56 bravery bravery NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 57 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 58 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 59 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 61 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 62 Socii Socii NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 63 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 64 Camerinum Camerinum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 65 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 66 Vercellae Vercellae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 67 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 68 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 70 Plutarch Plutarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 78 71 Mar. March NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 1 XXXVIII XXXVIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 5 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 7 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 8 Legio Legio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 9 XXII XXII NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 10 Deiotariana Deiotariana NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 13 Zela Zela NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 79 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 5 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 7 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 8 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 9 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 11 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 12 Latins Latins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 13 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 14 Italics Italics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 16 Cisalpine Cisalpine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 17 Gauls Gauls NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 80 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 4 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 5 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 6 Mommsen Mommsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 7 estimated estimate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 10 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 11 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 12 1/3 1/3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 15 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 16 Numidia Numidia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 17 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 19 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 20 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 21 Tunisia Tunisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 24 descended descend VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 26 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 27 veterans veteran NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 81 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 4 Population[edit population[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 6 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 7 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 15 derive derive VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 18 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 19 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 21 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 24 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 25 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 26 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 27 Beloch Beloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 82 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 4 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 5 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 8 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 11 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 14 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 16 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 18 planimetric planimetric JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 19 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 21 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 22 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 23 cartographers cartographer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 25 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 27 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 28 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 30 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 31 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 32 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 33 analyst analyst NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 83 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 2 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 4 check check NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 6 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 7 densities density NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 10 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 11 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 12 compel compel VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 14 baseline baseline JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 15 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 17 plausibility plausibility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 84 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 4 Beloch Beloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 6 1886 1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 7 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 13 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 15 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 16 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 18 withstood withstand VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 19 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 22 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 23 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 26 underlies underlie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 27 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 28 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 30 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 31 1899 1899 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 32 revision revision NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 34 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 35 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 37 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 38 esteemed esteemed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 85 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 3 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 5 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 7 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 8 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 9 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 10 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 11 revision revision NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 13 Beloch Beloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 14 estimated estimate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 15 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 16 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 18 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 19 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 21 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 23 densities density NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 25 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 26 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 28 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 29 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 30 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 32 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 33 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 86 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 1 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 6 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 7 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 13 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 15 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 17 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 19 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 20 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 23 considerably considerably RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 24 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 25 plausible plausible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 87 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 4 Beloch Beloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 6 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 8 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 10 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 14 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 15 downwards downwards RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 88 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 5 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 6 produces produce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 8 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 9 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 11 13.6 13.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 12 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 13 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 14 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 15 kilometer kilometer NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 18 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 19 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 20 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 22 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 23 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 26 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 27 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 30 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 34 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 35 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 37 254.7 254.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 38 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 39 km2 km2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 89 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 2 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 3 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 6 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 9 20.9 20.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 10 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 11 km2 km2 NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 13 twice twice RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 15 dense dense JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 18 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 19 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 21 10.6 10.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 22 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 23 km2 km2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 25 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 27 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 28 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 30 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 32 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 35 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 36 comparable comparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 39 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 90 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 4 Estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 7 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 11 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 12 Area Area NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 14 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 16 km2 km2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 18 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 19 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 20 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 22 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 24 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 25 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 26 Density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 28 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 29 km2 km2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 31 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 32 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 33 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 35 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 37 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 38 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 39 Density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 41 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 42 km2 km2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 44 Population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 45 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 47 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 48 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 50 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 51 peninsula[notes peninsula[notes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 52 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 54 267 267 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 55 2.8 2.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 56 10.5 10.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 57 3.0 3.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 58 11.2 11.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 59 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 60 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 61 547 547 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 62 8.2 8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 63 15.0 15.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 64 9.2 9.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 65 16.8 16.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 66 12.2 12.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 67 Greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 68 Syria[notes syria[notes CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 69 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 70 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 71 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 72 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 73 39.4 39.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 74 4.8 4.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 75 44.0 44.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 76 11.6 11.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 77 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 78 9.5 9.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 79 0.2 0.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 80 21.2 21.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 81 0.2 0.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 82 21.1 21.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 83 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 84 Egypt[notes egypt[notes CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 85 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 86 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 87 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 88 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 89 160.7 160.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 90 5.0 5.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 91 178.6 178.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 92 11.1 11.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 93 Libya[notes libya[note NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 94 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 95 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 96 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 97 0.4 0.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 98 26.7 26.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 99 0.6 0.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 100 40.0 40.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 101 50.0 50.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 102 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 103 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 104 975.5 975.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 105 20.4 20.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 106 20.9 20.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 107 22.9 22.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 108 23.5 23.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 109 12.3 12.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 110 Annexations Annexations NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 111 0.2 0.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 112 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 113 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 114 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 115 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 116 annexations annexation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 117 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 118 23.1 23.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 119 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 120 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 121 7.0 7.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 122 28.0 28.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 123 7.6 7.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 124 30.4 30.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 125 8.6 8.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 126 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 127 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 128 0.6 0.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 129 23.1 23.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 130 0.6 0.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 131 23.1 23.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 132 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 133 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 134 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 135 Corsica Corsica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 136 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 137 0.5 0.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 138 15.2 15.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 139 0.5 0.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 140 15.2 15.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 141 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 142 Maghreb[notes maghreb[note NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 143 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 144 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 145 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 146 3.5 3.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 147 8.8 8.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 148 6.5 6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 149 16.3 16.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 150 85.7 85.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 151 Iberia Iberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 152 590 590 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 153 5.0 5.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 154 8.5 8.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 155 7.5 7.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 156 12.7 12.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 157 50.0 50.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 158 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 159 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 160 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 161 635 635 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 162 5.8 5.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 163 9.1 9.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 164 9.0 9.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 165 14.2 14.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 166 55.2 55.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 167 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 168 Region[notes region[note VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 169 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 170 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 171 430 430 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 172 2.7 2.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 173 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 174 4.0 4.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 175 9.3 9.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 176 48.1 48.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 177 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 178 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 179 2,364 2,364 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 180 25.1 25.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 181 10.6 10.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 182 35.7 35.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 183 15.1 15.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 184 42.2 42.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 185 Annexations annexation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 186 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 187 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 188 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 189 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 190 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 191 annexations annexation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 192 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 193 38.2 38.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 194 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 195 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 196 3,339.5 3,339.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 197 45.5 45.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 198 13.6 13.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 199 61.4 61.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 200 15.9 15.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 201 34.9 34.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 202 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 203 Area Area NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 204 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 205 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 206 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 207 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 208 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 209 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 210 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 211 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 212 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 213 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 214 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 91 215 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 8 812 812 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 10 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 13 814 814 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 15 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 16 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 92 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 1 Slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 2 constituted constitute VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 3 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 4 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 5 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 10 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 14 proportionate proportionate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 15 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 16 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 18 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 19 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 21 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 23 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 24 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 26 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 28 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 93 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 4 Estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 5 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 7 Citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 11 Empire[38 empire[38 ADD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 13 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 14 Citizens Citizens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 16 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 17 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 19 Noncitizen Noncitizen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 20 residents resident NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 22 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 23 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 25 Slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 27 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 28 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 30 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 31 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 32 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 33 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 34 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 35 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 36 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 37 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 38 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 40 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 41 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 42 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 43 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 44 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 45 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 46 Provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 47 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 48 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 49 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 50 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 52 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 53 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 54 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 55 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 56 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 57 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 58 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 59 Provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 60 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 61 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 62 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 63 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 64 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 65 Provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 66 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 67 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 68 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 69 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 70 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 71 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 72 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 73 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 74 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 75 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 77 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 78 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 79 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 82 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 83 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 84 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 85 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 86 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 87 rhetorical rhetorical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 88 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 89 symbolic symbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 94 90 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 3 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 4 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 5 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 8 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 9 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 10 survives survive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 95 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 2 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 7 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 8 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 10 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 11 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 14 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 15 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 17 serial serial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 18 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 20 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 21 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 22 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 24 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 26 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 27 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 29 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 32 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 33 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 34 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 36 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 37 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 38 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 96 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 4 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 6 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 8 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 11 mid-3rd mid-3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 13 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 15 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 17 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 97 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 1 Fourteen fourteen CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 2 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 4 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 7 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 9 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 12 258,318 258,318 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 14 394,736 394,736 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 98 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 2 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 3 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 5 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 8 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 10 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 14 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 16 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 17 break break NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 19 70/69 70/69 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 20 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 22 910,000 910,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 25 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 26 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 28 4,063,000 4,063,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 99 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 2 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 5 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 6 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 7 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 9 Augustan Augustan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 10 censuses census NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 12 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 13 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 15 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 16 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 19 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 20 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 21 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 23 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 24 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 100 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 4 Alternate alternate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 5 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 8 Augustan Augustan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 9 censuses census NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 13 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 15 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 16 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 17 Cascio[41 Cascio[41 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 20 produce produce VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 21 divergent divergent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 23 histories history NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 24 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 26 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 27 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 28 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 101 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 4 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 6 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 9 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 11 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 12 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 13 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 15 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 17 Area area NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 19 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 21 km2 km2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 23 Density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 25 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 26 km2 km2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 28 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 29 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 32 Augustan Augustan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 33 censuses census VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 34 8–9 8–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 35 310 310 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 36 26–29 26–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 37 Revised revised JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 38 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 41 Augustan Augustan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 42 censuses census VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 43 12–13 12–13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 44 310 310 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 45 39–42 39–42 NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 46 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 47 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 49 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 50 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 53 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 54 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 55 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 57 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 102 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 2 enfranchisement enfranchisement NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 5 Cisalpine Cisalpine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 6 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 9 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 10 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 13 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 14 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 16 account account VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 103 19 of of IN 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and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 20 indications indication NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 23 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 26 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 28 accord accord VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 29 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 31 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 32 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 34 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 35 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 37 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 38 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 41 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 107 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 4 Estimates[edit estimates[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 6 Beloch Beloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 8 1886 1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 9 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 12 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 15 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 18 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 20 Augustus:[46][47 Augustus:[46][47 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 22 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 23 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 26 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 28 Total Total NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 30 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 31 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 32 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 33 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 34 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 35 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 36 19.5 19.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 37 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 38 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 39 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 40 11.5 11.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 41 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 42 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 43 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 44 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 47 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 50 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 52 350 350 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 53 CE:[47 CE:[47 NFP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 54 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 55 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 56 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 59 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 61 Total Total NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 62 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 63 39.3 39.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 64 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 65 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 66 18.3 18.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 67 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 68 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 69 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 70 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 71 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 72 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 73 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 74 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 75 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 76 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 77 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 78 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 79 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 80 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 81 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 82 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 83 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 84 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 85 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 86 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 88 comparable comparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 89 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 91 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 92 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 93 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 94 sized sized JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 95 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 96 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 97 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 98 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 99 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 100 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 101 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 102 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 103 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 104 tenth tenth NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 105 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 106 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 107 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 108 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 109 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 110 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 112 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 113 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 114 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 115 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 116 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 108 117 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 5 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 12 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 13 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 109 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 1 Data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 2 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 4 Hanson Hanson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 7 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 9 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 12 Cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 13 database database NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 16 OXREP OXREP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 17 databases database VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 110 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 111 1 Version version NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 111 2 1.0 1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 111 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 112 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 112 2 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 112 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 112 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 1 Urbanization[edit urbanization[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 3 Cartogram Cartogram NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 6 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 7 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 9 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 13 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 16 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 17 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 19 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 20 Hanson Hanson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 21 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 23 Hanson Hanson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 25 Ortman Ortman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 26 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 113 28 . . . 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117 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 6 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 11 sustained sustain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 13 transfers transfer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 15 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 16 from from RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 17 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 19 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 21 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 23 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 24 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 26 sustained sustain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 29 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 117 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 2 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 3 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 6 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 8 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 10 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 12 Carthage Carthage NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 14 Ephesus Ephesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 16 Salona Salona NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 17 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 118 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 1 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 2 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 4 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 6 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 7 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 8 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 119 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 2 49][50 49][50 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 4 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 6 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 7 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 11 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 12 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 14 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 15 possessing possess VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 17 10–15,000 10–15,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 18 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 120 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 2 cumulative cumulative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 3 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 4 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 7 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 9 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 11 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 12 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 13 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 15 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 17 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 18 threshold threshold NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 20 5,000 5,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 21 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 24 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 26 urbanization urbanization NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 27 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 30 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 31 25–30 25–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 33 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 36 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 38 conventional conventional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 39 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 42 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 43 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 45 comparable comparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 47 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 50 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 51 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 121 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 2 49][50 49][50 LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 4 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 5 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 6 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 8 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 11 sanitary sanitary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 12 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 13 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 14 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 15 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 16 net net JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 17 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 18 sinks sink NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 21 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 22 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 23 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 24 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 25 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 122 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 2 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 3 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 5 sustained sustain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 7 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 8 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 123 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 5 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 6 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 7 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 10 stimulus stimulus NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 12 demand demand VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 18 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 19 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 23 manufactured manufacture VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 24 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 26 luxury luxury NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 27 items item NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 28 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 29 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 124 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 4 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 5 estimated estimate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 7 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 8 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 10 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 11 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 14 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 125 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 4 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 5 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 7 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 9 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 11 350 350 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 12 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 13 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 14 216 216 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 15 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 16 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 17 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 18 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 19 Smyrna Smyrna NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 20 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 21 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 22 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 23 Cadiz Cadiz NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 24 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 25 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 26 Salona Salona NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 27 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 28 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 29 Ephesus Ephesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 30 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 31 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 32 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 33 Carthage carthage NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 34 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 35 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 36 Corinth Corinth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 37 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 38 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 39 Jerash Jerash NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 40 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 41 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 42 Apamea Apamea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 43 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 44 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 45 Capua Capua NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 46 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 47 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 48 Ancyra Ancyra NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 49 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 50 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 51 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 52 Nicomedia Nicomedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 53 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 54 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 55 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 56 Oxyrhyncus Oxyrhyncus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 57 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 58 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 59 Memphis Memphis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 60 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 61 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 62 Damascus Damascus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 63 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 64 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 65 Bostra Bostra NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 66 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 67 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 68 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 69 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 70 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 71 Tarragona Tarragona NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 72 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 73 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 74 Cyzicus Cyzicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 75 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 76 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 77 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 78 Hermopolis Hermopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 79 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 80 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 81 Pergamum Pergamum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 82 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 83 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 84 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 85 Mytilene Mytilene NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 86 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 87 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 88 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 89 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 90 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 91 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 92 Cordoba Cordoba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 93 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 94 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 95 Cirta Cirta NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 96 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 97 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 98 Hadrumetum Hadrumetum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 99 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 100 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 101 Pisa Pisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 102 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 103 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 104 Rusicade Rusicade NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 105 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 106 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 107 Tyre Tyre NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 108 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 109 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 110 Catania Catania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 111 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 112 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 113 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 114 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 115 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 116 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 117 Antiochia Antiochia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 118 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 119 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 120 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 121 Antinoe Antinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 122 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 123 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 124 Sicca Sicca NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 125 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 126 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 127 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 128 Mérida Mérida NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 129 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 130 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 131 Miletus Miletus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 132 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 133 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 134 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 135 Naples Naples NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 136 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 137 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 138 Heliopolis Heliopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 139 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 140 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 141 Baalbek Baalbek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 142 13.5 13.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 143 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 144 Thugga Thugga NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 145 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 146 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 147 Isaura Isaura NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 148 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 149 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 150 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 151 Sidon Sidon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 152 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 153 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 154 Bologna Bologna NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 155 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 156 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 157 Cartagena Cartagena NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 158 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 159 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 160 Hippo Hippo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 161 Regis Regis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 162 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 163 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 164 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 165 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 166 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 167 Lambraesis Lambraesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 168 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 169 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 170 Pamplona Pamplona NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 171 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 172 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 173 Thysdrus Thysdrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 174 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 175 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 176 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 177 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 178 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 179 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 180 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 181 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 182 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 183 Frier frier NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 184 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 185 quotes quote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 186 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 187 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 188 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 189 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 190 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 191 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 192 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 193 class class JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 194 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 195 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 196 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 197 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 198 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 199 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 200 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 201 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 202 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 203 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 126 204 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 4 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 6 Mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 10 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 11 predicting predict VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 13 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 16 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 17 aged age VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 18 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 20 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 22 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 23 die die VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 24 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 26 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 27 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 28 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 31 cohort cohort NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 33 lists list VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 35 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 37 survivors survivor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 39 exact exact VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 40 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 42 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 127 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 3 Gompertz Gompertz NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 4 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 6 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 7 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 8 linear linear JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 9 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 12 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 13 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 15 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 17 relational relational JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 18 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 19 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 21 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 23 probable probable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 24 schedule schedule NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 26 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 27 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 28 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 128 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 2 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 3 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 4 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 5 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 7 α α NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 9 β β NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 12 determine determine VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 14 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 16 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 19 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 21 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 22 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 24 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 25 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 129 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 3 dataset dataset NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 5 α α NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 8 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 9 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 11 median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 12 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 14 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 15 maternity maternity NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 18 −0.05 −0.05 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 21 β β NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 24 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 26 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 28 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 29 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 32 0.80 0.80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 130 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 3 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 4 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 6 β β NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 8 1.0 1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 11 dataset dataset NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 14 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 15 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 17 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 18 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 20 childbearing childbearing NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 23 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 26 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 131 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 5 Roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 6 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 8 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 9 Balkan balkan JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 10 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 12 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 14 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 16 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 17 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 19 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 21 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 22 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 24 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 26 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 27 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 132 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 1 Or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 2 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 5 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 7 Achaea Achaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 9 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 11 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 13 Thracia Thracia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 133 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 5 Defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 7 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 9 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 10 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 12 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 14 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 16 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 21 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 23 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 24 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 26 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 134 28 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-4405 135 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 135 2 coastal coastal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 135 3 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 135 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 135 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 5 Area area NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 6 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 8 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 10 narrow narrow JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 11 strip strip NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 13 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 14 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 16 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 19 delta delta NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 136 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 137 1 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 137 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 137 3 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 137 4 deserts desert NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 137 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 137 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 137 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 5 Refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 9 coastal coastal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 10 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 12 Cyrenaica Cyrenaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 138 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 5 Refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 8 coastal coastal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 9 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 11 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 12 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 139 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 140 1 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 1 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 2 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 4 Morocco Morocco NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 6 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 8 Tunisia Tunisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 10 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 12 coastal coastal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 13 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 15 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 16 Cyrenaica Cyrenaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 141 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 5 Areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 7 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 10 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 11 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 142 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 1 Includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 4 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 6 Raetia Raetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 8 Noricum Noricum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 10 Pannonia Pannonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 11 Superior Superior NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 13 Pannonia Pannonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 14 Inferior Inferior NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 16 Illyricum Illyricum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 19 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 22 Moesia Moesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 24 Superior Superior NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 26 Inferior Inferior NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 143 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 1 Parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 4 Switzerland Switzerland NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 6 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 7 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 9 Austria Austria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 11 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 12 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 14 Slovenia Slovenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 16 Croatia Croatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 18 Bosnia Bosnia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 20 Montenegro Montenegro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 22 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 23 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 25 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 26 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 144 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 4 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 6 Citations[edit citations[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 9 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 12 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 15 42–43 42–43 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 145 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 4 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 7 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 10 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 146 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 8 787 787 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 10 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 13 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 16 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 147 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 8 788 788 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 148 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 8 38–39 38–39 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 149 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 5 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 8 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 11 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 150 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 8 788 788 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 151 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 3 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 5 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 6 cites cite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 7 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 8 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 9 Coale Coale NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 11 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 12 Demeny Demeny NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 13 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 14 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 15 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 16 Tables Tables NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 18 Stable Stable NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 19 Populations Populations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 21 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 22 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 152 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 153 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 153 2 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 153 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 153 4 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 153 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 153 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 8 789 789 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 154 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 4 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 5 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 7 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 11 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 12 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 15 1–26 1–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 155 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 8 789 789 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 156 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 6 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 7 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 10 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 11 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 12 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 157 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 8 789 789 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 10 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 13 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 16 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 158 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 6 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 7 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 10 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 159 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 6 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 7 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 10 6–7 6–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 160 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 8 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 161 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 8 40–41 40–41 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 162 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 8 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 163 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 8 41–42 41–42 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 164 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 2 Frier frier NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 5 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 6 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 9 318–26 318–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 11 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 14 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 17 66–67 66–67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 165 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 8 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 166 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 2 Frier frier NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 5 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 6 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 9 325–26 325–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 167 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 4 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 7 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 10 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 168 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 2 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 5 Household Household NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 8 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 169 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 8 68–69 68–69 NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 170 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 8 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 171 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 8 69–70 69–70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 172 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 8 49–50 49–50 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 173 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 8 49–50 49–50 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 10 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 12 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 13 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 14 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 16 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 17 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 18 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 19 Brunt Brunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 21 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 22 Manpower Manpower NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 23 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 174 24 B.C.–A.D. B.C.–A.D. NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 9 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 12 263 263 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 175 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 2 Pat Pat NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 3 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 7 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 10 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 12 Institutional Institutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 15 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 16 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 17 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 18 Uni Uni NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 176 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 2 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 3 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 6 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 8 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 11 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 12 337 337 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 13 p.9 p.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 14 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 15 Abun Abun NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 17 Nasr Nasr NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 19 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 20 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 23 Maghrib Maghrib NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 25 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 27 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 30 35–37 35–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 177 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 8 811 811 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 10 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 12 Contours Contours NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 15 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 16 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 18 32–33 32–33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 178 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 2 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 4 Contours Contours NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 8 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 10 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 179 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 8 811 811 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 10 811 811 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 11 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 12 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 180 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 8 811 811 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 9 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 10 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 181 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 8 811–12 811–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 182 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 8 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 11 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 14 812 812 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 15 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 16 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 183 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 8 812 812 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 184 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 185 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 185 2 Goldhill Goldhill NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 185 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 185 4 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 185 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 185 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 185 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 185 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 1 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 2 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 3 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 6 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 7 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 10 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 11 Sophistic Sophistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 14 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 186 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 187 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 187 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 187 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 187 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 8 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 188 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 8 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 189 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 1 Augustan augustan JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 2 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 3 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 5 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 8 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 9 Gestae Gestae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 10 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 190 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 2 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 3 Cascio Cascio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 6 Size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 10 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 13 23–40 23–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 191 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 2 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 4 Contours Contours NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 8 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 10 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 12 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 15 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 18 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 19 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 20 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 22 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 192 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 8 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 9 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 10 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 193 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 8 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 194 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 2 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 8 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 195 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 2 Beloch Beloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 4 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 5 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 7 1886 1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 196 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 197 1 Die die VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 197 2 Bevölkerung Bevölkerung NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 197 3 der der IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 197 4 griechisch griechisch NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 197 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 197 6 römischen römischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 197 7 Welt Welt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 197 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 198 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 198 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 198 3 507 507 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 198 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 5 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 7 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 9 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 11 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 199 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 200 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 200 2 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 200 3 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 200 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 200 5 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 200 6 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 200 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 200 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 201 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 201 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 201 3 PA pa NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 201 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 201 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 201 6 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 201 7 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 201 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 9 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 11 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 13 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 14 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 17 Population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 19 demography demography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 22 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 23 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 24 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 25 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 26 Papers Papers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 28 Classics Classics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 30 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 31 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 32 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 34 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 35 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 36 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 37 Hanson Hanson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 39 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 40 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 42 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 202 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 2 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 3 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 9 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 10 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 12 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 13 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 203 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 204 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 204 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 204 3 Archaeopress archaeopress RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 204 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 205 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 205 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 205 3 9781784914721 9781784914721 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 205 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 5 Hanson Hanson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 7 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 8 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 10 Ortman Ortman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 12 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 13 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 15 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 16 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 17 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 206 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 3 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 4 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 6 estimating estimate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 8 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 10 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 13 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 207 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 208 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 208 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 208 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 208 4 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 208 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 209 1 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 209 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 209 3 301–324 301–324 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 209 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 210 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 210 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 210 3 S1047759400074134 S1047759400074134 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 210 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 2 Frier Frier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 5 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 8 813 813 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 211 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 2 Kehoe Kehoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 8 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 10 Production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 13 543 543 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 212 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 213 1 Sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4405 213 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 213 3 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 213 4 sources[edit sources[edit , en-wikipedia-org-4405 213 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 213 6 Digest Digest NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 213 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 214 1 Scott Scott NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 214 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 214 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 214 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 214 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 214 6 trans trans NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 214 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 2 Digest Digest NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 4 Pandects pandect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 7 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 8 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 215 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 216 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 216 2 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 216 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 217 1 Cincinnati Cincinnati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 217 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 217 3 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 217 4 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 217 5 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 217 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 217 7 1932 1932 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 217 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 218 1 Online online RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 218 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 218 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 218 4 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 218 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 218 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 219 1 Accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 219 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 219 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 219 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 219 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 1 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 2 Gestae Gestae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 3 Divi Divi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 4 Augusti Augusti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 5 Shipley Shipley NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 7 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 9 trans trans NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 220 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 221 1 Compendium Compendium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 221 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 221 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 221 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 221 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 222 1 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 222 2 Gestae Gestae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 222 3 Divi Divi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 222 4 Augusti Augusti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 222 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 223 1 Loeb Loeb NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 223 2 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 223 3 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 223 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 9 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 224 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 225 1 Online online RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 225 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 225 3 LacusCurtius LacusCurtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 225 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 226 1 Accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 226 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 226 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 226 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 226 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 227 1 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 227 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 228 1 Annales annale NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 228 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 229 1 Jackson Jackson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 229 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 229 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 229 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 229 5 trans trans NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 229 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 230 1 Annals annal NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 230 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 231 1 Loeb Loeb NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 231 2 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 231 3 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 231 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 232 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 232 2 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 232 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 9 1931–37 1931–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 233 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 234 1 Online online RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 234 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 234 3 LacusCurtius LacusCurtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 234 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 235 1 Accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 235 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 235 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 235 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 235 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 2 sources[edit sources[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 4 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 6 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 7 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 9 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 10 prosperous prosperous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 13 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 236 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 1 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 3 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 4 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 5 Price Price NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 6 Edict Edict NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 8 301 301 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 9 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 13 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 15 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 17 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 19 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 21 Discussion Discussion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 22 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 23 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 24 No No NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 237 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 238 1 363 363 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 238 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 238 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 238 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 238 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 238 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 238 7 rept rept VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 238 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 2 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 3 Bowman Bowman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 5 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 6 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 8 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 11 Quantifying quantify VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 14 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 16 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 18 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 19 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 20 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 22 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 25 327–45 327–45 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 239 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 240 1 Frier frier NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 240 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 240 3 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 240 4 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 240 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 240 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 240 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 240 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 3 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 4 Expectancy Expectancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 6 Ulpian Ulpian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 8 Evidence Evidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 241 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 242 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 242 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 242 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 242 4 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 242 5 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 242 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 243 1 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 243 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 243 3 213–51 213–51 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 243 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 244 1 doi:10.2307/311195 doi:10.2307/311195 FW en-wikipedia-org-4405 244 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 245 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 245 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 245 3 311195 311195 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 245 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 246 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 246 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 246 3 16437859 16437859 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 246 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 247 1 Frier frier NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 247 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 247 3 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 247 4 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 247 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 247 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 247 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 247 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 2 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 3 Fertility Fertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 5 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 6 Limitation Limitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 9 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 248 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 249 1 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 249 2 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 249 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 250 1 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 250 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 250 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 250 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 250 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 250 6 318–33 318–33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 250 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 251 1 doi:10.1086/367430 doi:10.1086/367430 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 251 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 1 Frier frier NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 3 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 6 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 10 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 11 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 12 Bowman Bowman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 14 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 15 Garnsey Garnsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 18 Dominic Dominic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 19 Rathbone Rathbone NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 21 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 25 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 26 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 27 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 28 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 31 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 34 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 35 70–192 70–192 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 38 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 40 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 41 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 42 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 44 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 47 827–54 827–54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 252 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 253 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 253 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 253 3 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 253 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 253 5 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 253 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 253 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 4 Probable probable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 5 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 6 Structure Structure NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 10 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 254 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 255 1 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 255 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 255 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 256 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 256 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 256 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 256 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 256 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 256 6 245–64 245–64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 256 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 257 1 doi:10.2307/2172985 doi:10.2307/2172985 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 257 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 258 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 258 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 258 3 2172985 2172985 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 258 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 259 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 259 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 259 3 22084913 22084913 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 259 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 1 Kehoe Kehoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 3 Dennis Dennis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 7 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 9 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 11 Production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 15 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 16 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 18 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 19 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 21 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 22 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 24 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 28 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 29 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 30 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 33 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 35 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 36 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 38 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 40 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 41 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 42 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 44 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 47 543–69 543–69 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 260 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 261 1 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 261 2 Cascio Cascio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 261 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 261 4 Elio Elio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 261 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 261 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 261 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 261 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 3 Size Size NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 7 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 9 Beloch Beloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 12 Meaning Meaning NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 15 Augustan Augustan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 16 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 17 Figures Figures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 262 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 263 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 263 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 263 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 263 4 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 263 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 264 1 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 264 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 264 3 23–40 23–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 264 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 265 1 doi:10.2307/300868 doi:10.2307/300868 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 265 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 266 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 266 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 266 3 300868 300868 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 266 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 267 1 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 267 2 Cascio Cascio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 267 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 267 4 Elio Elio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 267 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 3 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 5 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 8 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 11 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 15 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 16 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 18 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 19 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 21 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 22 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 24 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 28 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 29 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 30 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 33 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 35 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 36 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 38 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 40 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 41 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 42 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 44 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 47 619–47 619–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 268 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 269 1 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 269 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 269 3 Angus Angus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 269 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 1 Contours contour NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 5 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 7 1–2030 1–2030 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 8 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 10 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 12 Macro Macro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 14 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 15 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 270 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 271 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 271 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 271 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 271 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 271 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 271 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 271 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 271 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 1 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 3 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 5 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 6 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 7 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 10 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 11 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 272 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 6 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 7 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 9 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 10 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 12 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 13 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 15 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 19 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 20 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 21 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 24 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 26 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 27 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 29 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 31 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 32 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 33 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 35 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 38 1–12 1–12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 273 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 1 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 6 Household Household NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 8 Gender Gender NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 12 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 13 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 15 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 16 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 18 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 19 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 21 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 25 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 26 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 27 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 30 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 32 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 33 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 35 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 36 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 37 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 38 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 39 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 41 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 44 87–112 87–112 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 274 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 275 1 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 275 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 275 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 275 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 275 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 275 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 275 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 3 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 4 Structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 6 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 8 Models Models NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 276 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 277 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 277 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 277 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 277 4 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 277 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 278 1 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 278 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 278 3 1–26 1–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 278 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 279 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 279 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4405 279 3 s0075435800015811 s0075435800015811 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 279 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 280 1 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 280 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 280 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 280 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 2 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 6 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 7 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 9 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 10 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 12 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 13 Saller Saller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 15 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 19 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 20 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 21 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 24 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 26 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 27 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 29 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 31 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 32 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 33 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 35 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 38 38–86 38–86 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 281 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 282 1 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 282 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 282 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 282 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 282 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 282 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 282 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 2 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 3 Wages wage NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 5 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 6 Economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 8 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 10 Living Living NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 11 Standards Standards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 13 1800 1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 14 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 16 1300 1300 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 17 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 283 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 4 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 6 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 10 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 284 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 285 1 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 285 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 285 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 285 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 285 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 285 6 425–62 425–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 285 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 286 1 doi:10.1163/156852010x506038 doi:10.1163/156852010x506038 NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 286 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 287 1 Scheidel Scheidel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 287 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 287 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 287 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4405 287 5 Friesen Friesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 287 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 287 7 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 287 8 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 288 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 288 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 288 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 288 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 3 Size Size NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 6 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 9 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 11 Income Income NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 289 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 290 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 290 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 290 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 290 4 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 290 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 291 1 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 291 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 291 3 61–91 61–91 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 291 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 292 1 doi:10.3815/007543509789745223 doi:10.3815/007543509789745223 NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 292 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 293 1 Temin Temin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 293 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 293 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 293 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 2 Estimating estimate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 3 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 12 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 13 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 14 Cascio Cascio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 16 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 17 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 19 Innovazione Innovazione NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 20 tecnica tecnica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 21 e e POS en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 22 progresso progresso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 23 economico economico NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 24 nel nel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 25 mondo mondo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 26 romano romano NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 28 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 31 31–54 31–54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 294 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 6 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 7 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 8 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 9 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 11 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 12 overthrow overthrow VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 13 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 15 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 16 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 17 Romana Romana NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 18 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 19 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 20 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 22 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 23 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 26 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 27 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 29 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 30 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 31 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 32 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 33 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 34 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 36 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 38 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 39 Legislative legislative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 40 assemblies assembly NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 41 Curiate curiate VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 42 Centuriate Centuriate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 43 Tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 44 Plebeian plebeian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 45 Executive executive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 46 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 47 SPQR SPQR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 48 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 49 Twelve Twelve NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 50 Tables Tables NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 51 Mos Mos NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 52 maiorum maiorum NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 53 Citizenship Citizenship NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 54 Auctoritas Auctoritas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 55 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 56 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 57 Litigation Litigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 58 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 59 Curia Curia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 60 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 61 Cursus Cursus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 62 honorum honorum NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 63 Collegiality Collegiality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 64 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 65 Legatus Legatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 66 Dux Dux NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 67 Officium Officium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 68 Prefect Prefect NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 69 Vicarius Vicarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 70 Vigintisexviri Vigintisexviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 71 Lictor Lictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 72 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 73 militum militum NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 74 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 75 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 76 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 77 Pontifex Pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 78 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 79 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 80 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 81 Tetrarch Tetrarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 82 Optimates Optimates NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 83 Populares Populares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 84 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 85 Magistrates magistrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 86 Ordinary Ordinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 87 Consul Consul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 88 Censor Censor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 89 Praetor Praetor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 90 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 91 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 92 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 93 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 94 Plebs Plebs NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 95 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 96 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 97 Quaestor Quaestor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 98 Aedile Aedile NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 99 Promagistrate Promagistrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 100 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 101 Extraordinary Extraordinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 102 Rex Rex NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 103 Interrex Interrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 104 Dictator Dictator NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 105 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 106 Equitum Equitum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 107 Decemviri Decemviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 108 Consular Consular NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 109 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 110 Triumvir Triumvir NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 111 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 112 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 113 Borders Borders NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 114 Establishment Establishment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 115 Structure Structure NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 116 Campaigns campaign VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 117 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 118 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 119 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 120 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 121 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 122 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 123 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 124 castra castra NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 125 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 126 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 127 Legion Legion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 128 Infantry Infantry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 129 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 130 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 131 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 132 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 133 engines engine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 134 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 135 Auxiliaries Auxiliaries NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 136 Decorations Decorations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 137 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 138 punishments punishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 139 Hippika Hippika NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 140 gymnasia gymnasia NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 141 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 142 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 143 Deforestation Deforestation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 144 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 145 Finance Finance NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 146 Currency Currency NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 147 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 148 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 149 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 150 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 151 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 152 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 153 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 154 Bathing bathe VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 155 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 156 Clothing Clothing NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 157 Cosmetics Cosmetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 158 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 159 Hairstyles Hairstyles NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 160 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 161 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 162 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 163 Mythology Mythology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 164 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 165 Deities Deities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 166 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 167 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 168 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 169 Sexuality Sexuality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 170 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 171 Wine Wine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 172 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 173 Patricians Patricians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 174 Plebs plebs VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 175 Conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 176 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 177 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 178 Orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 179 Secessio Secessio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 180 plebis plebi VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 181 Equites equite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 182 Gens Gens NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 183 Tribes Tribes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 184 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 185 Naming Naming NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 186 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 187 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 188 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 189 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 190 Adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 191 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 192 Bagaudae Bagaudae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 193 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 194 Amphitheatres Amphitheatres NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 195 Aqueducts aqueduct VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 196 Bridges Bridges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 197 Circuses circuse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 198 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 199 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 200 Concrete concrete NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 201 Domes Domes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 202 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 203 Numerals Numerals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 204 Roads Roads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 205 Temples Temples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 206 Theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 207 Sanitation Sanitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 208 Thermae Thermae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 209 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 210 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 211 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 212 Versions Versions NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 213 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 214 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 215 Vulgar Vulgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 216 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 217 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 218 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 219 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 220 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 221 Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 222 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 223 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 224 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 225 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 226 Aelius Aelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 227 Donatus Donatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 228 Ammianus Ammianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 229 Marcellinus Marcellinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 230 Appuleius Appuleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 231 Asconius Asconius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 232 Pedianus Pedianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 233 Augustine Augustine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 234 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 235 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 236 Ausonius Ausonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 237 Boëthius Boëthius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 238 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 239 Catullus Catullus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 240 Cassiodorus Cassiodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 241 Censorinus Censorinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 242 Cicero Cicero NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 243 Claudian Claudian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 244 Columella Columella NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 245 Cornelius Cornelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 246 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 247 Ennius Ennius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 248 Eutropius Eutropius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 249 Fabius Fabius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 250 Pictor Pictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 251 Sextus Sextus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 252 Pompeius Pompeius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 253 Festus Festus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 254 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 255 Festus Festus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 256 Florus Florus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 257 Frontinus Frontinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 258 Fronto Fronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 259 Fulgentius Fulgentius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 260 Gellius Gellius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 261 Horace Horace NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 262 Hydatius Hydatius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 263 Hyginus Hyginus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 264 Jerome Jerome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 265 Jordanes Jordanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 266 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 267 Paulus Paulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 268 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 269 Juvenal Juvenal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 270 Lactantius Lactantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 271 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 272 Lucan Lucan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 273 Lucretius Lucretius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 274 Macrobius Macrobius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 275 Marcellus Marcellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 276 Empiricus Empiricus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 277 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 278 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 279 Manilius Manilius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 280 Martial Martial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 281 Nicolaus Nicolaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 282 Damascenus Damascenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 283 Nonius Nonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 284 Marcellus Marcellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 285 Obsequens Obsequens NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 286 Orosius Orosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 287 Ovid Ovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 288 Petronius Petronius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 289 Phaedrus Phaedrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 290 Plautus Plautus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 291 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 292 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 293 Elder Elder NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 294 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 295 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 296 Younger Younger NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 297 Pomponius Pomponius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 298 Mela Mela NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 299 Priscian Priscian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 300 Propertius Propertius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 301 Quadrigarius Quadrigarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 302 Quintilian Quintilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 303 Quintus Quintus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 304 Curtius Curtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 305 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 306 Sallust Sallust NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 307 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 308 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 309 Elder eld JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 310 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 311 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 312 Younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 313 Servius Servius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 314 Sidonius Sidonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 315 Apollinaris Apollinaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 316 Silius Silius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 317 Italicus Italicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 318 Statius Statius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 319 Suetonius Suetonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 320 Symmachus Symmachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 321 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 322 Terence Terence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 323 Tertullian Tertullian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 324 Tibullus Tibullus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 325 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 326 Antias Antias NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 327 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 328 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 329 Varro Varro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 330 Velleius Velleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 331 Paterculus Paterculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 332 Verrius Verrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 333 Flaccus Flaccus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 334 Vergil Vergil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 335 Vitruvius Vitruvius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 336 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 337 Aelian Aelian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 338 Aëtius Aëtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 339 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 340 Amida Amida NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 341 Appian appian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 342 Arrian arrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 343 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 344 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 345 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 346 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 347 Diogenes Diogenes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 348 Laërtius Laërtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 349 Dionysius Dionysius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 350 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 351 Halicarnassus Halicarnassus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 352 Dioscorides Dioscorides NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 353 Eusebius Eusebius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 354 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 355 Caesaria Caesaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 356 Galen Galen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 357 Herodian Herodian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 358 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 359 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 360 Libanius Libanius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 361 Lucian lucian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 362 Pausanias Pausanias NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 363 Philostratus Philostratus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 364 Phlegon Phlegon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 365 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 366 Tralles Tralles NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 367 Photius Photius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 368 Plutarch Plutarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 369 Polyaenus Polyaenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 370 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 371 Porphyrius Porphyrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 372 Priscus Priscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 373 Procopius Procopius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 374 Simplicius Simplicius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 375 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 376 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 377 Sozomen Sozomen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 378 Stephanus Stephanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 379 Byzantinus Byzantinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 380 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 381 Themistius Themistius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 382 Theodoret Theodoret NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 383 Zonaras Zonaras NNP 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295 403 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 404 Smyrna Smyrna NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 405 Vindobona Vindobona NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 406 Volubilis Volubilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 407 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 408 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 409 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 410 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 411 Cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 412 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 413 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 414 Climate Climate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 415 Consuls Consuls NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 416 Dictators dictator VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 417 Distinguished distinguish VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 418 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 419 Dynasties Dynasties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 420 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 421 Generals Generals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 422 Gentes Gentes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 423 Geographers Geographers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 424 Institutions Institutions NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 425 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 426 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 427 Legions Legions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 428 Magistri Magistri NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 429 equitum equitum NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 430 Nomina Nomina NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 431 Pontifices pontifice VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 432 Maximi Maximi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 433 Praetors Praetors NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 434 Quaestors Quaestors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 435 Tribunes Tribunes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 436 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 437 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 438 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 439 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 440 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 441 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 442 battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 443 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 444 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 445 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 446 revolts revolt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 447 Fiction Fiction NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 448 Films Films NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 449 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 450 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 451 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 452 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demography_of_the_Roman_Empire&oldid=994160162 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demography_of_the_Roman_Empire&oldid=994160162 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 453 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 454 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 455 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 456 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 457 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 458 Demographics Demographics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 459 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 460 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 461 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 462 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 463 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 464 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 465 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 466 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 467 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 468 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 469 periodical periodical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 470 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 471 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 472 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 473 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 474 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 475 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 476 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 477 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 478 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 479 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 480 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 481 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 482 Articles 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日本語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 568 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 569 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 570 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 571 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 572 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 573 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 574 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 575 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 576 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 577 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 578 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 579 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 580 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 581 11:03 11:03 CD en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 582   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 583 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 584 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 585 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4405 295 586 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-4405 296 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-4405 297 11 of of IN 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 298 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4405 298 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4405 298 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 298 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 298 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-4405 298 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 298 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4405 299 13 statement statement NN