id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-290 1 1 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 2 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1 4 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 6 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 13       _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 15 Redirected redirect VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 17 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 18 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 20 Jump jump VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 22 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 23 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 1 25 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1 26 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 28 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 29 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 30 encompassing encompass VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1 31 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 32 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 34 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 36 1837–1901 1837–1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 38 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 39 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 40 1837–1901 1837–1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 41 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 42 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 44 1859 1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 45 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 46 Winterhalter Winterhalter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 47 Preceded precede VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 48   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 49 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 50 Regency Regency NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 51 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 52 Followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 53   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 54 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 55 Edwardian edwardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 56 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 57 Monarch(s monarch(s NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 59 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 60 Leader(s Leader(s NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 62 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 63 Viscount Viscount NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 64 Melbourne Melbourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 65 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 66 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 67 Peel Peel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 68 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 69 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 70 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 71 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 72 Earl Earl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 74 Derby Derby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 75 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 76 Earl Earl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 78 Aberdeen Aberdeen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 79 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 80 Viscount Viscount NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 81 Palmerston Palmerston NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 82 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 83 Disraeli Disraeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 84 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 85 Ewart Ewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 86 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 87 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 88 Marquess Marquess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 89 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 90 Salisbury Salisbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 91 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 92 Earl Earl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 93 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 94 Rosebery Rosebery NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 95 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 96 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 97 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 98 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 99 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 101 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 102 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 103 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 104 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 105   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 106 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 107 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 108 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 109 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 110 Napoleonic Napoleonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 111 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 112 Regency Regency NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 113 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 114 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 115 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 116 Edwardian edwardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 117 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 118 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 119 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 120 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 121 Interwar Interwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 122 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 123 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 124 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 125 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 126 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 127 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 128 war war JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 129 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 131 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 132 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 133 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 134 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 135 war war JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 136 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 137 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 138 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 139 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 140 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 141 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 142 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 143 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 144 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 145 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 146 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 147 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 148 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 149 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 150 Topics Topics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 151 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 152 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 153 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 154 Military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 155 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 156   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 157 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 158 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 159 portal portal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 160 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 161 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 162 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 163 Periods Periods NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 164 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 165 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 166 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 167     _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 168 Prehistoric Prehistoric NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 169 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 170 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 171 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 172 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 173 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 174 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 175 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 176 43–410 43–410 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 177 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 178 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1 179 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 180 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 181 500–1066 500–1066 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 182 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 183 1066–1154 1066–1154 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 184 Plantagenet plantagenet NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 185 1154–1485 1154–1485 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 186 Tudor Tudor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 187 1485–1603 1485–1603 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 188 Elizabethan Elizabethan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 189 1558–1603 1558–1603 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 190 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 191 1603–1714 1603–1714 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 192 Jacobean Jacobean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 193 1603–1625 1603–1625 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 194 Caroline Caroline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 195 1625–1649 1625–1649 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 196 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 197 Interregnum Interregnum NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 198 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 199 1649–1660 1649–1660 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 200 Restoration Restoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 201 1660–1714 1660–1714 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 202 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 203 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 204 1714–1837 1714–1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 205 Regency Regency NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 206 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 207 1811–1820 1811–1820 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 208 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 209 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 210 1837–1901 1837–1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 211 Edwardian Edwardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 212 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 213 1901–1914 1901–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 214 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 215 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 216 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 217 1914–1918 1914–1918 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 218 Interwar Interwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 219 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 220 1919–1939 1919–1939 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 221 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 222 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 223 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 224 1939–1945 1939–1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 225 Postwar Postwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 226 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 227 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 228 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 229 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 230 1945–1979 1945–1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 231 Postwar Postwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 232 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 233 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 234 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 235 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 236 1945–1979 1945–1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 237 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1 238 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1 239 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 240 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 241 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 242 1979–present 1979–present CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 243 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 244 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 245 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 246 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 247 1979–present 1979–present CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 248 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 249 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 250 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 251 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 252 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 253 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 254 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 255 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 256 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 257 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 258 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 259 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 260 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 261 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 262 Eras Eras NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 263 Prehistoric Prehistoric NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 264 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 265 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 266 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 267 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 268 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 269 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 270 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 271 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 272 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 273 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1 274 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 275 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 276 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 277 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 278 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 279 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 280 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 281 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 282 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 283 Rule Rule NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 284 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 285 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 286 Alpin Alpin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 287 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 288 843–878 843–878 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 289 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1 290 889–1040 889–1040 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 291 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 292 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 293 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 294 Moray Moray NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 295 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 296 1040–1058 1040–1058 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 297 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 298 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 299 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 300 Dunkeld Dunkeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 301 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 302 1058–1286 1058–1286 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 303 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 304 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 305 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 306 Balliol Balliol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 307 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 308 1292–1296 1292–1296 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 309 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 310 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 311 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 312 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 313 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 314 1306–1371 1306–1371 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 315 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 316 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 317 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 318 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 319 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 320 1371–1652 1371–1652 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 321 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 322 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 323 1660–1707 1660–1707 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 324 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 325 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 326 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 327 1652–1660 1652–1660 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 328 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1 329 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 330 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 331 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 332 1707 1707 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 333 Topics Topics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 334 Scandinavian Scandinavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 335 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 336 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 337 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 338 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 339 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 340 Reformation Reformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 341 Restoration Restoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 342 Glorious Glorious NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 343 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 344 Colonization Colonization NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 345 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 346 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 347 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 348 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 349 Romanticism Romanticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 350 Clans clan VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 351 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 352 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 353 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 354 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 355 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 356 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 357 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 358 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 359 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 360 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 361 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 362 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 363 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 364 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 365 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 366 Kilt Kilt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 367 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 368 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 369 Devolution Devolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 370 Local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 371 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 372 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 373 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 374 Party Party NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 375 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 376 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 377 Party Party NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 378 Sport Sport NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 379 Football Football NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 380 Rugby Rugby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 381 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 382 National national JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 383 football football NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 384 team team NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 385 Golf Golf NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 386 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 387 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 388 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 389 Reformation Reformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 390 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 391 Episcopal Episcopal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 392 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 393 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 394 Disruption Disruption NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 395 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 396 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1 397 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 398 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 399 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1 400 Muslims Muslims NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 401 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 402 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 403 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 404 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 405 Glasgow Glasgow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 406 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 407   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 408 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 409 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 410 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 411 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 412 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 413 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 414 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 415 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 416 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 417 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 418 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 419 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 420 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1 421 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 422 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 423 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 424 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 425 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1 426 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 427 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 428 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 429 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 430 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1 431 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 432 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1 433 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 434 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 435 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 436 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 437 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 438 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1 439 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 440 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1 441 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 442 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1 443 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1 444 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 2 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 2 2 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 3 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 2 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 2 5 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 2 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 2 8 preceded precede VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 2 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 2 10 Edwardian edwardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 2 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 2 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 2 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 2 15 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 2 16 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 17 overlaps overlap NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 2 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 2 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 2 21 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 2 24 Belle Belle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 2 25 Époque Époque NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 2 26 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 2 28 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 2 29 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 2 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 3 1 Morally morally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 3 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 3 3 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 3 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 3 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 3 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 3 7 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 3 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 3 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 3 10 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 3 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 3 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 3 13 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 3 14 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 3 15 1832 1832 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 3 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 4 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 4 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 4 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 4 4 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 4 5 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 4 6 drive drive NN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 8 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 4 9 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 4 10 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 4 11 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 4 14 nonconformist nonconformist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 15 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 4 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 4 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 4 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 4 20 Methodists Methodists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 4 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 4 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 4 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 4 24 Evangelical evangelical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 4 25 wing wing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 4 28 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 29 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 4 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 4 31 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 4 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 5 1 Ideologically ideologically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 5 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 5 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 5 4 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 5 5 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 6 witnessed witness VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 5 7 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 5 10 rationalism rationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 5 12 defined define VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 5 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 5 14 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 5 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 5 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 5 18 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 5 19 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 20 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 21 romanticism romanticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 5 23 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 5 24 mysticism mysticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 26 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 28 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 5 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 5 30 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 5 31 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 5 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 5 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 5 34 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 5 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 6 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 6 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 6 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 6 4 Technologically technologically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 6 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 6 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 6 7 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 6 8 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 6 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 6 10 staggering staggering JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 6 11 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-290 6 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 6 13 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 6 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 6 15 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 6 16 key key NN en-wikipedia-org-290 6 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 6 18 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 6 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 6 20 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-290 6 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 6 22 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 6 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 7 2 2][3 2][3 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 7 4 Doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 7 5 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 7 6 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 7 7 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-290 7 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 9 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 7 11 mysticism mysticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 12 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 7 14 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 7 16 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 17 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 7 19 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 7 20 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 21 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 7 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 7 23 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 25 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 26 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 7 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 7 29 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 7 32 germ germ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 7 33 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 35 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 7 37 pioneering pioneer VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 7 38 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 40 epidemiology epidemiology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 7 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 8 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 8 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 8 4 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 8 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 8 6 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 8 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 8 10 per per FW en-wikipedia-org-290 8 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 8 12 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 13 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 8 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 8 16 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 8 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 18 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 8 19 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 8 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 21 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 8 23 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 8 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 26 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 8 27 geniuses genius NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 8 28 peaked peak VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 8 29 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 8 31 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 8 32 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 8 34 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 8 35 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 8 38 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 8 39 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-290 8 40 since since RB en-wikipedia-org-290 8 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 9 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 9 4 Domestically domestically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 9 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 9 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 9 7 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 9 8 agenda agenda NN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 9 10 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 9 11 liberal liberal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 9 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 9 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 9 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 17 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 9 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 9 20 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 22 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 9 23 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 9 24 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 9 26 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 9 27 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 9 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 9 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 9 31 widening widening NN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 9 34 franchise franchise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 9 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 10 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 10 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 3 unprecedented unprecedented JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 10 4 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 10 5 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 10 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 10 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 10 8 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 10 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 10 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 10 12 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 10 13 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-290 10 14 doubled double VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 16 16.8 16.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 10 18 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 20 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 22 30.5 30.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 10 24 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 26 1901,[6 1901,[6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 10 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 10 29 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 10 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 10 31 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 10 33 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 34 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 10 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 10 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 37 2.8 2.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 38   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 10 39 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 41 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 42 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 43 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 44   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 10 45 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 10 47 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 10 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 11 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 11 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 11 3 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 11 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 11 5 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 11 6 decreased decrease VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 11 7 sharply sharply RB en-wikipedia-org-290 11 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 11 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 11 10 8.2 8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 11 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 11 12 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 11 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 11 14 1841 1841 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 11 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 11 16 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 11 17 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 11 18 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 11 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 11 20 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 11 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 11 22 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 11 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 11 24 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 11 25 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 11 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 11 27 emigration emigration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 11 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 11 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 11 30 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 11 31 Famine Famine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 11 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 12 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 12 4 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 12 5 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 12 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 12 7 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 12 8 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 12 9 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 12 10 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 12 11 emigrated emigrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 12 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 12 13 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 14 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 12 16 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 12 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 12 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 12 19 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 20 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 12 22 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 12 24 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 25 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 12 27 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 28 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 12 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 12 31 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 12 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 13 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 13 4 Thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 13 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 6 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 13 7 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 13 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 13 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 13 10 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 13 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 13 13 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 13 14 approached approach VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 13 15 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 13 16 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 17 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 13 19 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 13 22 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 13 24 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 13 25 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 13 26 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 13 27 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 13 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 13 29 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 13 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 13 32 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 34 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 13 35 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 13 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 37 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 13 38 kinds kind NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 13 39 boomed boom VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 13 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 14 2 9][10][11 9][10][11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 14 4 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 14 6 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 14 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 14 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 14 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 11 Powers Powers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 14 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 14 13 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 14 16 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 14 17 antagonism antagonism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 14 20 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 21 Game Game NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 23 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 14 25 climaxing climax VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 14 26 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 14 28 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 29 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 14 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 14 32 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 33 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 14 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 35 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 14 36 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 14 37 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 38 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 14 39 maintained maintain VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 14 42 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 43 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 14 44 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 14 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 14 46 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 14 47 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 14 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 15 1 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 15 2 embarked embark VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 15 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 15 4 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 15 5 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 15 6 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 15 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 15 8 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 15 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 15 10 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 15 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 15 12 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 15 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 15 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 15 15 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 15 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 15 17 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 15 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 15 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 15 20 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 15 21 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 15 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 15 23 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 15 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 16 1 National national JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 16 2 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-290 16 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 16 4 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 16 5 peaked peak VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 16 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 17 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 17 2 12][13 12][13 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 17 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 17 4 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 17 5 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 17 6 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 17 7 autonomy autonomy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 17 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 17 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 17 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 17 11 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 17 12 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 17 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 17 14 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 17 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 17 16 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 17 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 17 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 17 19 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 17 20 Zealand,[14 zealand,[14 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 17 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 17 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 17 23 avoided avoid VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 17 24 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-290 17 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 17 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 17 27 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 17 28 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 17 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 18 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 18 4 Apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-290 18 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 18 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 18 7 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 18 8 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 18 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 18 10 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 18 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 18 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 18 13 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 18 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 18 15 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-290 18 16 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 18 17 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-290 18 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 18 19 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 18 20 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 18 21 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-290 18 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 19 2 14][16 14][16 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 19 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 19 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 19 6 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 19 7 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 19 8 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 19 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 19 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 19 11 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 19 12 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 19 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 19 14 Whigs Whigs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 19 15 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 19 16 Liberals Liberals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 19 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 19 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 19 19 Conservatives Conservatives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 19 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 19 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 19 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 19 23 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 19 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 19 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 19 26 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 19 27 Party Party NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 19 28 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 19 29 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 19 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 19 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 19 32 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 19 33 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 19 34 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 19 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 20 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 20 2 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 20 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 20 4 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 20 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 20 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 20 7 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 20 8 statesmen statesman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 20 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 20 10 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 11 Melbourne Melbourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 20 13 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 14 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 15 Peel Peel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 20 17 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 18 Derby Derby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 20 20 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 21 Palmerston Palmerston NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 20 23 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 24 Disraeli Disraeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 20 26 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 27 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 20 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 20 30 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 31 Salisbury Salisbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 20 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 21 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 21 2 unsolved unsolved JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 21 3 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 21 4 relating relate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 21 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 6 Irish Irish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 21 7 Home Home NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 21 8 Rule Rule NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 21 9 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 21 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 21 11 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 21 12 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 14 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 21 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 21 17 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 21 18 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 21 19 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 21 21 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 21 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 23 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 25 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 21 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 21 27 determination determination NN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 21 29 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-290 21 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 21 31 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 21 32 settlement settlement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 21 34 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 21 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 22 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 3 Terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 5 periodisation periodisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 7 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 9 diplomatic diplomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 11 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 12 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 13 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 14 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 15 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 16 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 17 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 18 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 20 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 21 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 22 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 23 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 24 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 25 Evangelicals Evangelicals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 27 utilitarians utilitarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 30 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 31 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 32 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 33 3.3.1 3.3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 34 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 36 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 37 churches church VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 38 3.3.2 3.3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 39 Agnostics agnostic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 41 freethinkers freethinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 42 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 43 Marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 45 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 46 3.5 3.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 47 Education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 49 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 50 3.6 3.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 51 Reading reading NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 52 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 53 3.7 3.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 54 Entertainment Entertainment NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 55 3.7.1 3.7.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 56 Sports Sports NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 57 3.8 3.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 58 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 59 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 60 3.8.1 3.8.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 61 Gallery Gallery NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 63 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 64 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 65 paintings painting NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 66 3.8.2 3.8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 67 Journalism Journalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 68 3.8.3 3.8.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 69 Leisure Leisure NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 70 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 71 Demographics demographic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 72 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 73 Demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 74 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 75 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 76 Fertility Fertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 77 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 79 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 80 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 81 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 82 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 84 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 86 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 87 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 88 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 89 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 90 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 91 Housing Housing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 92 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 93 Poverty Poverty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 94 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 95 Child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 96 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 97 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 98 Mathematics Mathematics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 99 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 100 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 102 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 104 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 105 engineering engineer VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 22 106 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 107 Professionalisation professionalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 108 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 109 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 110 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 111 Ease Ease NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 112 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 113 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 114 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 115 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 116 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 117 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 118 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 119 Mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 120 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 121 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 122 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 123 Theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 124 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 125 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 126 optics optic VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 127 6.5 6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 128 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 129 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 130 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 131 engines engine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 132 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 133 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 134 refrigerators refrigerator VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 135 6.6 6.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 136 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 137 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 138 6.7 6.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 139 Electricity Electricity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 140 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 141 magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 143 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 144 electrification electrification NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 145 6.8 6.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 146 Computer Computer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 147 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 148 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 149 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 150 6.9 6.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 151 Communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 152 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 153 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 154 6.9.1 6.9.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 155 Steam Steam NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 156 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 157 6.9.2 6.9.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 158 Telegraphy Telegraphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 159 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 160 telephony telephony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 161 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 162 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 22 163 wireless wireless NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 164 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 165 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 166 photography photography NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 167 6.9.3 6.9.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 168 Railways Railways NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 169 6.10 6.10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 170 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 171 safety safety NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 172 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 173 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 174 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 175 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 176 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 177 Moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 178 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 179 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 180 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 181 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 182 police police NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 183 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 184 prisons prison NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 185 7.2 7.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 186 Prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 187 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 188 Events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 189 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 190 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 22 191 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 22 192 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 193 Citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 194 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 195 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-290 22 196 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 22 197 11.1 11.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 198 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 199 11.2 11.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 200 Daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 201 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 202 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 203 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 204 11.3 11.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 205 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 206 11.4 11.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 207 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 208 11.5 11.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 209 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 210 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 211 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 212 11.6 11.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 213 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 214 11.7 11.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 215 Primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 216 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 217 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 218 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 219 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 220 Terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 221 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 222 periodisation periodisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 223 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 22 224 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 22 225 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 22 226 Periodisation periodisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 227 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 228 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 22 229 strictest strictest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 230 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 231 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 232 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 22 233 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 234 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 235 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 236 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 22 237 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 238 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 239 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 240 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 241 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 242 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 243 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 244 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 245 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 22 246 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 247 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 248 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 249 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 250 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 251 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 22 252 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 253 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 254 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 255 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 256 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 257 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 258 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 259 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 260 1837—after 1837—after NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 261 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 22 262 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 263 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 264 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 265 uncle uncle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 266 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 267 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 268 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 269 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 22 270 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 271 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 272 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 273 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 274 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 275 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 276 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 277 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 278 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 279 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 22 280 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 281 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 22 282 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 283 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 284 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 22 285 eldest eld JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 22 286 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 22 287 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 22 288 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 289 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 22 290 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 23 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 23 2 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-290 23 3 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 23 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 23 5 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 23 6 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 23 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 23 8 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-290 23 9 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 23 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 23 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 23 12 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 23 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 23 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 23 15 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-290 23 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 23 17 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 23 18 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 23 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 24 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 24 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 24 3 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 24 4 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 24 5 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 24 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 24 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 24 8 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 24 9 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 24 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 24 11 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-290 24 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 24 13 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 24 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 25 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 25 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 5 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 25 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 25 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 9 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 25 13 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 25 14 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 17 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 19 possessed possess VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 25 20 sensibilities sensibility NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 25 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 25 22 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 25 23 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 25 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 26 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 25 27 adjacent adjacent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 25 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 25 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 25 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 33 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 34 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 25 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 25 36 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-290 25 37 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 25 39 begin begin VB en-wikipedia-org-290 25 40 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 41 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 25 42 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 25 43 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 44 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 25 45 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 25 46 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 48 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 50 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 25 51 agitation agitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 25 54 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 56 1830s 1830 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 25 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 25 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 59 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 25 60 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 25 61 1832 1832 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 25 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 25 63 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 64 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 25 65 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 66 wide wide RB en-wikipedia-org-290 25 67 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 25 68 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 25 69 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 70 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 25 72 electoral electoral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 25 73 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 25 75 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 25 76 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 25 77 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 25 78 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 26 1 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 26 2 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 26 3 purport purport VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 26 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 26 5 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 26 6 sensibility sensibility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 26 8 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 26 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 26 11 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 26 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 26 14 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 15 scepticism scepticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 16 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 26 18 worth worth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 26 21 label label NN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 26 23 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 26 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 26 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 26 26 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 27 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 26 28 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 26 29 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 26 30 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 31 defences defence NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 26 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 26 33 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 26 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 27 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 27 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 27 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 27 5 Sadleir Sadleir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 27 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 27 7 insistent insistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 27 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 27 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 27 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 27 11 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 27 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 27 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 27 14 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 27 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 27 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 27 17 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 27 18 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 27 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 27 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 27 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 27 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 27 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 27 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 28 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 28 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 28 5 distinguished distinguish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 28 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 28 7 Victorianism victorianism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 28 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 28 10 socially socially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 28 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 28 12 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 28 13 unsettled unsettled JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 28 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 16 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 28 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 18 1850[20 1850[20 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 28 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 28 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 28 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 28 22 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 28 23 Victorianism victorianism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 28 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 26 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 28 27 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-290 28 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 28 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 28 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 31 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 28 32 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 28 33 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 28 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 35 aestheticism aestheticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 28 37 imperialism,[21 imperialism,[21 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 28 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 28 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 28 41 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 28 42 heyday heyday NN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 28 44 mid mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 28 45 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 28 46 Victorianism victorianism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 28 48 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 28 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 28 50 1879 1879 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 28 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 29 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 29 2 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 29 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 29 4 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 29 5 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 7 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 29 10 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 29 11 mixture mixture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 13 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 29 15 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 29 16 prudery prudery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 29 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 29 19 complacency[22 complacency[22 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 29 21 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 29 22 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 29 23 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 29 24 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 29 25 Trevelyan Trevelyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 29 26 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 29 27 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 29 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 29 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 29 30 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 29 31 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 29 32 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 29 33 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 29 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 35 quiet quiet JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 29 36 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 29 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 29 38 roaring roar VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 29 39 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 29 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 29 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 30 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 30 4 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 30 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 30 6 diplomatic diplomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 30 7 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 8 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 9 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 30 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 30 11 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 12 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 14 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 15 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 30 17 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 30 19 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 20 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 30 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 30 23 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 24 Powers Powers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 30 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 30 26 1814–1919 1814–1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 30 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 30 28 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-290 30 29 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 30 1832 1832 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 30 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 30 32 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 33 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 30 34 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 30 35 agitation agitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 30 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 30 38 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 39 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 30 40 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 30 41 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 42 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 30 44 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 30 45 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-290 30 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 31 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 31 2 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 3 abolished abolish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 31 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 31 5 borough borough NN en-wikipedia-org-290 31 6 seats seat NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 31 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 31 8 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 31 9 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 31 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 31 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 31 12 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-290 31 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 31 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 31 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 31 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 31 17 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 31 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 31 19 franchise franchise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 31 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 31 21 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 31 23 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 31 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 31 26 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 27 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 28 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 31 30 Irish Irish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 31 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 32 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 31 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 31 34 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 31 35 separately separately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 31 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 31 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 32 1 Minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 32 2 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 32 3 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 32 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 32 5 1835 1835 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 32 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 32 7 1836 1836 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 32 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 33 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 33 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 33 4 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 33 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 33 6 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 33 7 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 33 8 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 33 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 33 11 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 33 12 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 33 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 33 15 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 17 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 33 18 uncle uncle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 33 20 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 33 21 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 33 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 33 23 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 33 24 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 33 25 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 26 reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 33 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 33 28 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 33 30 eighteen eighteen CD en-wikipedia-org-290 33 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 34 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 34 4 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 34 5 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 34 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 34 7 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 34 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 34 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 34 10 Whig Whig NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 34 11 prime prime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 34 12 minister minister NN en-wikipedia-org-290 34 13 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 34 14 Melbourne Melbourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 34 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 34 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 34 17 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-290 34 18 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 34 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 34 20 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 34 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 35 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 35 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 35 4 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 35 5 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-290 35 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 35 7 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 35 8 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 35 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 35 10 resigned resign VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 35 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 35 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 35 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 35 14 Tory Tory NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 35 15 politician politician NN en-wikipedia-org-290 35 16 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 35 17 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 35 18 Peel Peel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 35 19 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 35 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 35 21 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-290 35 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 35 23 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 35 24 ministry ministry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 35 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 36 1 Peel peel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 36 2 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 36 3 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 36 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 36 5 willing willing JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 36 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 36 7 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-290 36 8 prime prime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 36 9 minister minister NN en-wikipedia-org-290 36 10 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 36 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 36 12 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 36 13 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 36 14 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 36 15 Whig Whig NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 36 16 ladies lady NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 36 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 36 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 36 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 36 20 waiting wait VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 36 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 36 22 Tory Tory NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 36 23 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 36 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 37 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 37 2 refused refuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 37 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 37 4 re re VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 37 5 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 37 6 appointed appoint VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 37 7 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 37 8 Melbourne Melbourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 37 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 37 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 37 11 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-290 37 12 criticised criticise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 37 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 37 14 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 37 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 38 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 38 4 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 5 regularly regularly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 38 6 recorded record VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 38 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 38 8 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 38 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 38 11 rebellions rebellion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 38 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 13 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 38 15 Lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 38 16 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 18 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 38 19 reminded remind VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 38 20 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 38 23 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 24 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 38 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 38 27 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 38 28 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 29 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 38 31 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 33 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 38 34 grandfather grandfather NN en-wikipedia-org-290 38 35 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 36 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 37 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 38 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 39 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 39 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 39 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 39 5 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 39 6 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 39 7 Durham Durham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 39 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 39 9 resolve resolve VB en-wikipedia-org-290 39 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 39 11 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-290 39 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 39 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 39 14 1839 1839 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 39 15 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-290 39 16 opened open VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 39 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 39 18 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 39 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 39 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 39 21 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 39 22 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 39 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 39 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 39 25 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-290 39 26 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-290 39 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 39 28 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-290 39 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 39 30 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 39 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 39 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 40 2 14][16 14][16 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 40 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 40 6 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 40 7 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 40 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 40 10 seizure seizure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 12 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 40 13 opium opium NN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 14 exports export NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 40 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 16 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 17 prompted prompt VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 40 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 40 19 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 20 Opium Opium NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 21 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 22 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 40 24 Qing Qing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 25 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 40 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 40 28 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 40 29 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 40 30 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 31 initiated initiate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 40 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 40 33 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 40 34 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 40 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 40 36 Afghan Afghan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 37 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 38 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 40 39 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 40 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 40 42 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 40 43 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 40 44 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 40 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 40 47 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 48 Game Game NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 49 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 40 50 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 40 52 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 40 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 41 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 41 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 6 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 7 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 41 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 41 10 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 11 Boers Boers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 41 12 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 41 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 41 15 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 16 Trek Trek NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 41 18 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 19 Natal Natal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 41 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 41 22 Transvaal Transvaal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 41 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 41 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 41 26 Orange Orange NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 27 Free Free NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 28 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 41 30 defeating defeat VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 41 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 41 32 Zulus Zulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 41 35 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 41 37 1835–1838 1835–1838 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 41 39 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 40 annexed annex VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 41 Natal Natal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 43 1843 1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 44 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 41 45 recognized recognize VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 41 47 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 41 50 Transvaal Transvaal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 52 1852 1852 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 41 55 Orange Orange NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 56 Free Free NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 57 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 41 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 41 59 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 41 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 42 2 14][16 14][16 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 42 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 42 5 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 42 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 42 7 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 42 8 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 42 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 42 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 42 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-290 42 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 42 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 42 14 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 42 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 42 16 1846 1846 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 42 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 43 1 Painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 43 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 43 3 Franz Franz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 43 4 Xaver Xaver NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 43 5 Winterhalter Winterhalter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 43 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 44 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 44 2 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 44 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 44 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 44 5 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 44 6 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 44 7 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 44 8 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 44 9 cousin cousin NN en-wikipedia-org-290 44 10 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 44 11 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 44 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 44 13 Saxe Saxe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 44 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 44 15 Coburg Coburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 44 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 44 17 Saalfield Saalfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 44 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 45 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 45 2 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 45 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 45 4 passionate passionate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 45 5 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 45 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 45 7 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 45 8 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 45 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 45 10 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 45 11 sought seek VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 45 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 45 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 45 14 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 45 15 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 45 16 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 45 17 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 45 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 46 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 46 2 astute astute JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 46 3 diplomat diplomat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 46 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 46 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 46 6 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 46 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 46 8 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 46 9 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-290 46 10 willing willing JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 46 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 46 12 arrange arrange VB en-wikipedia-org-290 46 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 46 14 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 46 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 47 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-290 47 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 47 3 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 47 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 47 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 47 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 47 7 Grandmother Grandmother NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 47 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 47 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 47 11 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 47 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 47 14 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-290 47 15 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 47 16 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 47 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 47 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 19 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 47 20 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 47 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 22 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 47 23 sixteen sixteen CD en-wikipedia-org-290 47 24 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 47 25 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 26 suffering suffer VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 47 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 28 postnatal postnatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 47 29 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 47 31 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 47 32 dislike dislike NN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 34 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 47 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 48 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 48 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 48 3 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 48 4 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 48 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 48 6 gene gene NN en-wikipedia-org-290 48 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 48 8 haemophilia haemophilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 48 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 48 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 48 11 affected affect VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 48 12 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-290 48 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 48 14 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 48 15 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 48 16 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 48 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 48 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 48 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 48 20 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-290 48 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 48 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 48 23 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-290 48 24 apparent apparent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 48 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 48 26 Tsar Tsar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 48 27 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 48 28 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 48 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 49 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 49 2 24][27 24][27 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 49 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 49 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 49 5 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 49 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 49 7 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 49 8 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 49 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 49 10 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 49 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 49 12 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 49 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 49 14 1835 1835 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 49 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 49 16 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 49 17 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 49 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 49 19 1842 1842 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 49 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 50 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 50 2 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 50 3 shifted shift VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 50 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 50 5 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 50 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 50 7 criminals criminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 50 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 50 9 voluntary voluntary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 50 10 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 50 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 51 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 51 2 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 51 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 51 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 51 5 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 51 6 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 51 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 51 8 1839 1839 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 51 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 51 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 51 11 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 51 12 Maori Maori NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 51 13 chiefs chief NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 51 14 ceded cede VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 51 15 sovereignty sovereignty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 51 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 51 17 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 51 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 51 19 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 51 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 51 21 Waitangi Waitangi NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 51 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 52 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 52 2 1841 1841 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 52 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 52 4 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 52 5 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 52 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 52 7 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 52 8 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 52 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 53 2 14][16 14][16 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 53 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 53 5 signing signing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 53 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 53 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 53 8 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 53 10 Nanking Nanking NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 53 12 1842 1842 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 53 13 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 53 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 53 15 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 16 Opium Opium NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 17 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 53 19 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 53 20 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 21 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 53 22 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 53 23 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 24 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 25 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 53 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 54 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 54 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 54 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 54 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 54 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 54 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 54 7 disastrous disastrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 54 8 retreat retreat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 10 Kabul Kabul NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 54 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 54 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 54 14 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 15 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 54 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 54 18 annihilation annihilation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 54 21 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 54 22 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 23 column column NN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 54 25 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 54 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 55 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 55 2 1845 1845 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 55 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 55 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 55 5 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 55 6 Famine Famine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 55 7 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 55 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 55 9 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-290 55 10 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 55 11 starvation starvation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 55 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 55 13 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 55 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 55 15 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 55 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 55 17 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 55 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 55 19 sparking spark VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 55 20 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 55 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 55 22 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-290 55 23 emigration emigration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 55 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 56 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 56 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 56 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 56 4 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 56 5 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-290 56 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 56 7 cheap cheap JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 56 8 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-290 56 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 56 10 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 56 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 56 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 56 13 Peel Peel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 56 14 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 56 15 repealed repeal VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 56 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 56 17 Corn Corn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 56 18 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 56 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 57 1 Peel peel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 57 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 57 3 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 57 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 57 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 57 6 Whig Whig NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 57 7 ministry ministry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 57 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 57 9 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 57 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 57 11 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 57 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 58 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 58 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 58 5 1853 1853 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 58 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 58 7 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 58 8 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 58 9 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 58 10 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 58 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 58 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 58 13 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 58 14 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 58 15 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 58 16 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 58 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 59 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 59 2 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 59 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 59 5 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-290 59 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 7 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 59 8 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 59 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 59 10 benefit benefit VB en-wikipedia-org-290 59 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 59 13 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 59 14 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 59 17 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 59 18 Empire,[30 empire,[30 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 59 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 59 21 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 59 22 consideration consideration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 23 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 59 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 59 26 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 59 27 Question Question NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 59 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 60 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 60 2 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 3 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 60 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 60 5 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 60 6 breach breach NN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 60 9 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 60 10 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 60 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 60 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 60 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 15 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 60 16 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 60 18 1815–1914 1815–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 60 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 60 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 60 21 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 60 22 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 60 24 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 60 25 Powers Powers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 60 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 60 28 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 60 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 60 31 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 60 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 33 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 60 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 60 35 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 60 37 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 60 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 61 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 61 3 conclusion conclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 5 1856 1856 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 61 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 61 8 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 61 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 10 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 61 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 61 12 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 61 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 61 14 prohibited prohibit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 16 hosting host VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 61 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 61 18 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 61 19 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 61 21 Crimea Crimea NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 61 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 62 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 62 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 62 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 62 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 62 5 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 62 6 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 62 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 62 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 62 9 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 62 10 Opium Opium NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 62 11 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 62 12 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 62 13 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 62 14 overpower overpower VB en-wikipedia-org-290 62 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 62 16 Qing Qing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 62 17 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 62 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 62 19 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 62 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 63 1 Along along IN en-wikipedia-org-290 63 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 63 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 63 4 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 63 5 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 63 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 63 7 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 63 8 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 63 9 steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 63 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 63 11 obtaining obtain VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 63 12 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 63 13 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-290 63 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 63 15 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 63 16 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 63 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 63 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 63 19 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 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en-wikipedia-org-290 64 21 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 64 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 64 23 valour valour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 64 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 64 25 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 64 26 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-290 64 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 64 28 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-290 64 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 65 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 65 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 65 3 Crosses crosse NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 65 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 65 5 handed hand VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 65 6 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 65 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 65 8 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 65 9 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 65 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 65 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 65 12 ceremony ceremony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 65 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 65 14 Hyde Hyde NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 65 15 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 65 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 65 17 1857 1857 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 65 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 65 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 65 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 65 21 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 65 22 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 65 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 65 24 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 65 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 65 26 decorated decorate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 65 27 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-290 65 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 66 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 66 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 5 1857–58 1857–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 66 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 66 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 66 8 uprising uprising NN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 10 sepoys sepoy NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 66 11 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 66 13 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 66 14 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 66 15 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 66 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 66 17 suppressed suppress VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 66 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 66 20 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 66 22 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 66 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 66 25 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 27 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 66 28 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 30 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 66 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 66 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 66 33 transferral transferral NN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 35 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 66 37 direct direct VB en-wikipedia-org-290 66 38 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 66 41 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 66 42 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 66 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 67 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 67 2 princely princely JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 67 3 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 67 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 67 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 67 6 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 67 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 67 8 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 67 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 67 10 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 67 11 guidance guidance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 67 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 68 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 68 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 68 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 68 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 68 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 68 6 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 68 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 68 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 68 9 medium medium NN en-wikipedia-org-290 68 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 68 11 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 68 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 69 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 69 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 69 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 69 4 Middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 69 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 69 6 1861 1861 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 69 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 69 8 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 69 9 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 69 10 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 69 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 70 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 70 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 70 5 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 70 6 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 70 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 70 8 mourning mourning NN en-wikipedia-org-290 70 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 70 10 withdrew withdraw VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 70 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 70 12 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 70 13 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 70 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 71 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 71 4 Whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-290 71 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 71 6 cabinet cabinet NN en-wikipedia-org-290 71 7 leaned lean VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 71 8 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-290 71 9 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 71 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 71 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 71 12 Confederacy Confederacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 71 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 71 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 71 15 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 71 16 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 71 17 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 71 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 71 19 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 71 20 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 71 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 71 22 split split VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 71 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 72 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 72 4 Confederate confederate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 5 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 72 6 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 7 planners planner NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 72 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 72 9 hoped hope VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 72 12 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 72 15 cotton cotton NN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 16 exports export NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 72 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 72 18 encourage encourage VB en-wikipedia-org-290 72 19 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 72 20 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 72 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 72 22 intervene intervene VB en-wikipedia-org-290 72 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 72 25 favour favour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 72 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 73 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 73 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 73 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 73 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 73 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 73 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 73 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 73 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 73 9 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 73 10 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-290 73 11 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-290 73 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 73 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 73 14 decisive decisive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 73 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 74 1 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 74 2 cut cut VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 74 3 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-290 74 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 74 5 cotton cotton NN en-wikipedia-org-290 74 6 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 74 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 74 8 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-290 74 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 74 10 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 74 11 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 74 12 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 74 13 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 74 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 74 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 74 16 Confederates Confederates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 74 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 74 18 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 74 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 75 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 75 2 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 75 3 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-290 75 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 75 5 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 75 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 75 7 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 8 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 75 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 75 11 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 12 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 13 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 14 erupted erupt VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 75 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 75 16 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 75 18 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 75 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 75 20 turn turn VB en-wikipedia-org-290 75 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 75 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 75 24 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 75 26 alternatives alternative NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 75 27 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 75 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 75 29 ran run VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 75 30 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 75 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 76 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 76 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 76 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 76 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 76 6 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 76 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 76 9 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 10 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 76 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 76 12 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-290 76 13 neutral neutral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 76 14 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 15 realising realise VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 76 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 76 17 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 76 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 76 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 76 22 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 76 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 76 24 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 76 25 dangerous dangerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 76 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 76 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 28 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 76 29 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 30 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 31 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 76 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 33 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 76 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 76 35 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 36 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 76 38 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 76 39 wheat wheat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 76 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 76 42 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 76 43 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 44 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 76 45 sink sink VB en-wikipedia-org-290 76 46 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 76 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 76 49 merchant merchant NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 50 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-290 76 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 77 2 32][15 32][15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 77 4 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 77 5 ambassador ambassador NN en-wikipedia-org-290 77 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 77 7 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 77 8 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 77 9 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 77 10 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 77 11 Sr Sr NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 77 12 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 77 13 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 77 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 77 15 resolving resolve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 77 16 thorny thorny JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 77 17 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 77 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 77 19 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 77 20 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 77 21 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 77 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 77 23 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 77 24 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 77 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 77 26 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-290 77 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 78 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 78 2 once once IN en-wikipedia-org-290 78 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 78 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 78 5 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 78 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 78 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 78 8 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 78 9 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 78 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 78 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 78 12 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 78 13 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 78 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 78 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 78 16 battlefield battlefield NN en-wikipedia-org-290 78 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 78 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 78 19 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 78 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 78 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 78 22 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 78 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 78 24 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 78 25 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-290 78 26 vanished vanish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 78 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 79 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 79 4 Fathers father NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 79 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 79 6 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 79 7 Confederation Confederation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 79 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 79 9 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 79 10 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 79 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 79 12 1885 1885 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 79 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 79 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 80 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 80 2 diary diary NN en-wikipedia-org-290 80 3 entries entry NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 80 4 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 80 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 80 6 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 80 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 80 8 contemplated contemplate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 80 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 80 10 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 80 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 80 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 80 13 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-290 80 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 80 15 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 80 16 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 80 17 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 80 18 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 80 19 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 80 20 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-290 80 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 80 22 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 80 23 1865 1865 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 80 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 81 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 2 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 81 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 81 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 81 5 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 6 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 7 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 81 8 struggle struggle VB en-wikipedia-org-290 81 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 81 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 81 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 81 13 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-290 81 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 81 15 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 81 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 81 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 81 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 81 20 let let VB en-wikipedia-org-290 81 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 22 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-290 81 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 81 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 81 25 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 26 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 81 28 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 81 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 81 30 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 81 31 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 81 32 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-290 81 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 82 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 82 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 82 3 mentioned mention VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 82 4 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 82 5 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 82 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 82 7 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-290 82 8 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 82 9 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 82 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 82 11 hoped hope VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 82 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 82 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 82 14 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-290 82 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 82 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 82 17 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 82 18 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 82 19 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-290 82 20 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 82 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 82 22 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 82 23 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 82 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 83 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 83 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 83 3 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 83 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 83 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 83 6 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 83 7 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 83 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 83 9 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 83 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 83 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 83 12 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 83 13 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 83 14 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 83 15 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 83 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 83 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 83 18 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 83 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 83 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 83 21 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 83 22 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 83 23 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 83 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 83 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 84 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 84 2 fortnight fortnight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 84 3 later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 84 4 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 84 5 hosted host VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 84 6 delegates delegate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 84 7 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 84 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 84 9 discuss discuss VB en-wikipedia-org-290 84 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 84 11 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-290 84 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 84 13 confederation confederation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 84 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 84 15 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 84 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 84 17 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-290 84 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 84 19 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 84 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 84 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 84 22 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 84 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 84 24 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 84 25 Prime Prime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 84 26 Minister Minister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 84 27 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 84 28 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 84 29 Macdonald Macdonald NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 84 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 85 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 85 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 85 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 85 4 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 85 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 85 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 85 7 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 85 8 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 85 9 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 85 10 ascent ascent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 85 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 85 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 85 13 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 85 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 85 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 85 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 85 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 85 18 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-290 85 19 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 85 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 85 21 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 85 22 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 85 23 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 85 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 85 25 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 85 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 85 27 delegates delegate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 85 28 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 85 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 85 30 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-290 85 31 home home RB en-wikipedia-org-290 85 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 85 33 celebrations celebration NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 85 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 86 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 86 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 86 5 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 86 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 86 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 86 8 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 86 9 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 86 10 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 86 11 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 86 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 86 13 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 86 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 87 1 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 3 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 4 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 87 6 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 7 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 9 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 10 Scotia Scotia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 87 12 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 14 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 87 16 Regina Regina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 18 Saskatchewan Saskatchewan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 20 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 87 21 honour honour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 87 23 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 24 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 25 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 26 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 87 27 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 87 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 87 30 Alberta Alberta NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 87 31 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 87 32 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 87 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 88 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 88 2 birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-290 88 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 88 4 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 88 5 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 88 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 88 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 88 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 88 9 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 88 10 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 88 11 holiday holiday NN en-wikipedia-org-290 88 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 88 13 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 88 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 89 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 89 4 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 89 5 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 6 Princess Princess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 7 Louise Louise NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 89 9 chatelaine chatelaine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 11 Rideau Rideau NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 12 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 14 1878 1878 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 89 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 16 1883 1883 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 89 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 89 18 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 89 19 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 89 21 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 23 Connaught Connaught NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 24 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 89 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 26 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 89 28 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 30 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 89 31 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 89 32 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 89 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 89 34 1916 1916 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 89 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 90 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 90 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 90 5 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 90 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 90 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 90 8 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 90 9 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 90 10 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 90 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 90 12 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 90 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 90 14 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 90 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 90 16 franchise franchise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 90 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 91 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 91 2 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 91 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 91 4 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 91 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 91 6 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 91 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 91 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 91 9 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 91 10 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 91 11 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 91 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 91 13 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 91 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 91 15 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 91 16 sentiments sentiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 91 17 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 91 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 91 19 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 91 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 92 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 92 2 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 92 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 92 4 recovered recover VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 92 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 92 6 typhoid typhoid NN en-wikipedia-org-290 92 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 92 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 92 9 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 92 10 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 92 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 92 12 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-290 92 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 92 14 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 92 15 thanksgiving thanksgiving NN en-wikipedia-org-290 92 16 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 92 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 92 18 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-290 92 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 92 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 92 21 balcony balcony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 92 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 92 23 Buckingham Buckingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 92 24 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 92 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 93 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 93 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 93 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 93 4 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-290 93 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 93 6 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 93 7 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-290 93 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 93 9 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 93 10 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 93 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 94 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 94 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 94 5 1878 1878 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 94 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 94 7 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 94 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 94 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 94 10 plenipotentiary plenipotentiary NN en-wikipedia-org-290 94 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 94 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 94 13 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 94 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 94 15 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 94 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 94 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 94 18 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 94 19 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-290 94 20 jure jure NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 94 21 recognition recognition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 94 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 94 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 94 24 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 94 25 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 94 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 94 27 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 94 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 94 29 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 94 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 94 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 94 32 Montenegro Montenegro NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 94 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 95 1 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 95 2 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 95 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 95 5 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 95 8 1898 1898 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 95 9 Key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 95 10 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 95 11 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 95 12 Conservatives Conservatives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 95 13 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 14 Disraeli Disraeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 95 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 95 17 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 18 Gascoyne Gascoyne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 95 20 Cecil Cecil NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 95 22 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 23 Marquess Marquess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 95 25 Salisbury Salisbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 95 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 95 28 Liberals Liberals NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 29 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 30 Ewart Ewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 31 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 95 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 95 34 Earl Earl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 95 36 Rosebery Rosebery NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 95 38 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 39 Harcourt Harcourt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 95 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 96 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 96 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 96 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 96 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 96 5 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 96 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 96 7 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 96 8 aimed aim VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 96 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 96 10 strengthening strengthen VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 96 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 96 12 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 96 13 autonomy autonomy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 96 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 96 15 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 96 16 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 96 17 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 96 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 96 19 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 96 20 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 96 21 involvement involvement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 96 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 96 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 96 24 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 96 25 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 96 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 97 1 Labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 97 2 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 97 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 97 4 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 97 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 97 6 integrated integrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 97 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 97 8 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-290 97 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 97 10 combat combat VB en-wikipedia-org-290 97 11 extremism extremism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 97 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 98 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-290 98 2 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 98 3 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 98 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 98 5 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 98 6 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 98 7 favoured favour VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 98 8 moderate moderate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 98 9 improvements improvement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 98 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 98 11 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 98 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 98 13 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 98 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 99 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 99 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 99 5 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 99 6 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 99 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 99 8 Disraeli Disraeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 99 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 99 10 trustworthy trustworthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 99 11 adviser adviser NN en-wikipedia-org-290 99 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 100 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 100 2 approved approve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 100 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 100 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 100 5 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 100 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 100 7 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 100 8 elevated elevated VB en-wikipedia-org-290 100 9 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 100 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 100 11 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-290 100 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 100 13 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 100 14 superpower superpower NN en-wikipedia-org-290 100 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 101 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 101 2 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 101 3 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 101 4 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 101 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 101 6 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 101 7 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 101 8 soared soar VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 101 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 101 10 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 101 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 101 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 101 13 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-290 101 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 101 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 101 16 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 101 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 101 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 102 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 102 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 102 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 102 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 102 7 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 102 8 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 102 9 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 102 10 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 102 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 102 13 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 102 14 abolition abolition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 16 slavery slavery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 102 19 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 102 20 Indies Indies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 102 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 102 22 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 102 23 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 102 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 102 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 102 26 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 28 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 30 convicts convict NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 102 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 32 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 102 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 102 34 loosening loosening NN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 35 restrictions restriction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 102 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 37 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 102 38 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 102 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 102 41 introducing introduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 102 42 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 102 43 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 102 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 103 2 16][14 16][14 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 103 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 103 5 Livingstone Livingstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 103 6 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 103 7 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 103 8 expeditions expedition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 103 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 103 10 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 103 11 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 103 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 103 13 positioning position VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 103 14 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 103 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 103 16 favorable favorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 103 17 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 103 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 103 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 103 20 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 103 21 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 103 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 103 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 103 24 Scramble Scramble NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 103 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 103 26 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 103 27 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 103 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 103 29 1880s 1880s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 103 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 104 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 104 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 104 3 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 104 4 revolts revolt NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 104 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 104 6 violent violent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 104 7 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 104 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 104 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 104 10 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 104 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 104 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 104 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 104 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 104 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 104 16 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-290 104 17 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 104 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 104 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 104 20 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 104 21 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 104 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 105 2 16][14 16][14 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 105 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 105 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 105 5 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 105 6 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 105 7 tensions tension NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 105 8 escalated escalate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 105 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 105 10 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 105 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 105 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 105 13 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 105 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 105 15 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-290 105 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 106 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 106 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 106 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 106 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 106 5 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 106 6 Boer Boer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 106 7 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 106 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 106 9 1880–1881 1880–1881 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 106 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 106 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 106 12 intensely intensely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 106 13 bitter bitter JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 106 14 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 106 15 Boer Boer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 106 16 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 106 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 106 18 1899–1902 1899–1902 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 106 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 107 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 107 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 107 3 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 107 4 prevailed prevail VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 107 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 107 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 107 7 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 107 8 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-290 107 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 107 10 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 107 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 107 12 abroad abroad RB en-wikipedia-org-290 107 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 108 2 14][16 14][16 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 108 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 108 5 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 108 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 108 7 illness illness NN en-wikipedia-org-290 108 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 108 9 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 108 10 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 108 11 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 108 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 108 13 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 108 14 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 108 15 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 108 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 109 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 109 2 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 109 3 bedside bedside NN en-wikipedia-org-290 109 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 109 5 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 109 6 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 109 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 109 8 heir heir VB en-wikipedia-org-290 109 9 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 109 10 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 109 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 109 12 grandson grandson NN en-wikipedia-org-290 109 13 Kaiser Kaiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 109 14 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 109 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 109 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 110 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 110 4 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 110 5 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 110 6 dominion dominion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 110 7 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-290 110 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 110 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 110 10 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 110 11 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 110 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 111 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 111 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 111 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 111 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-290 111 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 111 6 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 111 7 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 111 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 111 9 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 111 10 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 111 11 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-290 111 12 severed sever VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 111 13 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 111 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 111 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 111 16 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 111 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 112 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 112 2 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 112 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 112 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 112 5 modernised modernise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 112 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 112 7 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 112 8 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 112 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 112 10 ensured ensure VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 112 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 112 12 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-290 112 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 112 14 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 112 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 112 16 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 112 17 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 112 18 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 112 19 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 112 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 112 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 112 22 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 112 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 112 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 112 25 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 112 26 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 112 27 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 112 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 113 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 113 4 Society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 113 6 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 7 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 8 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 113 10 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 113 13 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 14 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 113 17 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 113 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 113 20 formative formative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 21 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 24 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 113 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 113 27 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 28 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 113 29 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 113 30 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 113 31 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 32 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 113 34 once once IN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 113 36 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 37 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 38 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 39 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 40 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 113 41 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 113 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 43 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 44 eminence eminence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 113 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 47 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 48 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 113 49 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 113 50 decisive decisive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 113 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 114 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 114 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 114 3 frame frame NN en-wikipedia-org-290 114 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 114 5 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-290 114 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 114 7 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 114 8 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 114 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 114 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 114 11 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 114 12 modes mode NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 114 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 114 14 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-290 114 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 114 16 feeling feeling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 114 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 114 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 115 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 115 4 Industrialisation industrialisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 5 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 115 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 115 9 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 115 10 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 115 11 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 115 12 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 13 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 115 14 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 16 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 115 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 115 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 115 19 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 115 20 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 115 23 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 115 24 strata strata NN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 25 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 115 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 115 27 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 115 28 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 115 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 115 30 lifestyle lifestyle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 115 32 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 115 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 115 34 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 115 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 116 1 Identifiable identifiable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 116 2 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 116 3 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 116 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 116 5 define define VB en-wikipedia-org-290 116 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 116 7 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 116 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 116 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 116 10 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 116 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 116 12 lifestyle lifestyle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 116 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 117 1 Previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 117 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 117 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 4 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 117 6 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 117 8 residential residential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 117 9 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 117 11 adjacent adjacent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 117 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 117 14 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 117 17 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 18 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 117 20 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 117 21 occupying occupy VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 117 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 117 23 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 117 24 geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 117 25 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-290 117 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 118 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 118 2 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 4 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 118 5 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 118 7 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 118 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 118 10 fluid fluid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 118 11 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 12 distinguished distinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 118 15 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 118 16 demarcation demarcation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 18 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-290 118 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 119 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 119 3 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 119 4 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 119 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 119 7 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 8 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 9 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 119 10 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 119 11 compartmentalised compartmentalise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 119 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 119 14 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 119 16 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 119 18 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 19 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 20 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 119 22 nuclear nuclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 119 23 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 24 extended extend VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 119 25 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 119 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 27 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 119 29 circumstance circumstance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 119 31 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-290 119 32 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-290 119 33 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 119 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 120 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 120 2 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-290 120 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 120 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 120 5 privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 120 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 120 7 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 120 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 120 9 hallmark hallmark NN en-wikipedia-org-290 120 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 120 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 120 12 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 120 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 120 14 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 120 15 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 120 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 121 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 121 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 121 3 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 4 closed close VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 121 5 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 121 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 121 7 darkened darken VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 121 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 121 10 decade decade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 121 12 1850s 1850s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 121 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 121 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 121 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 121 16 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 18 domesticity domesticity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 19 matched match VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 121 22 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 24 privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 121 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 122 1 Bourgeois bourgeois JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 122 2 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 122 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 122 5 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 7 interior interior JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 122 8 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 122 10 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 122 11 curtained curtain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 122 12 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-290 122 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 122 14 wary wary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 122 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 16 intrusion intrusion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 122 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 122 19 opened open VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 20 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 122 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 22 invitation invitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 24 viewing view VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 122 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 26 occasions occasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 122 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 122 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 122 29 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 122 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 122 31 teas tea NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 122 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 123 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 123 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 123 3 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 123 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 123 5 unknowability unknowability NN en-wikipedia-org-290 123 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 123 7 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-290 123 8 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 123 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 123 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 123 11 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 123 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 123 13 collaboration collaboration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 123 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 123 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 123 16 maintenance maintenance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 123 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 123 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 123 19 façade façade JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 123 20 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-290 123 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 123 22 lurked lurk VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 123 23 innumerable innumerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 123 24 mysteries mystery NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 123 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 123 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 123 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 123 28 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 123 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 123 30 preoccupied preoccupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 123 31 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 123 32 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 123 33 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 123 34 century century JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 123 35 novelists novelist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 123 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 124 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 124 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 124 3 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 124 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 124 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 124 6     _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 124 7 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 124 8 Summerscale Summerscale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 124 9 quoting quoting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 10 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 11 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 124 12 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 124 13 Wohl Wohl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 124 14 Evangelicals Evangelicals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 124 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 124 16 utilitarians utilitarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 124 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 124 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 124 19 reform reform VB en-wikipedia-org-290 124 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 124 21 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 124 22 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 24 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 124 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 124 26 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 27 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 124 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 124 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 124 30 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 32 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 124 34 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 124 36 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 124 37 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-290 124 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 124 39 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 124 40 personality personality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 124 42 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 124 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 125 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 125 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 125 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 125 4 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 125 5 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 125 6 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 125 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 125 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 125 9 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 125 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 126 1 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-290 126 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 126 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 126 4 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 126 5 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 126 8 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 126 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 126 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 12 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 126 13 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 14 displacing displace VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 126 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 126 16 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 126 17 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 18 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-290 126 19 exercised exercise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 126 22 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 126 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 127 1 Respectability Respectability NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 127 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 127 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 127 4 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-290 127 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 127 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 127 7 businessman businessman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 127 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 127 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 127 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 127 11 trusted trust VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 127 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 127 13 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 127 14 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-290 127 15 reckless reckless JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 127 16 gambling gambling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 127 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 127 18 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 127 19 drinking drinking NN en-wikipedia-org-290 127 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 128 1 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 128 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 128 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 128 4 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 128 5 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 6 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 128 7 linked link VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 9 evangelical evangelical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 128 10 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 128 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 128 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 128 13 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-290 128 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 128 15 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 128 16 sects sect NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 128 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 128 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 128 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 128 21 Methodists Methodists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 128 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 128 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 128 24 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 128 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 128 26 evangelical evangelical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 128 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 128 28 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 128 29 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 128 30 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 128 33 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 34 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 128 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 36 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 128 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 128 38 typified typify VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 128 40 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 128 41 Shaftesbury Shaftesbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 128 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 128 43 1801–1885 1801–1885 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 128 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 128 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 129 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 129 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 129 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 129 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 129 5 imposed impose VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 129 6 fresh fresh JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 129 7 moralistic moralistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 129 8 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 129 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 10 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 129 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 129 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 14 Sabbath Sabbath NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 129 15 observance observance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 129 17 responsibility responsibility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 129 19 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 129 20 charity charity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 129 22 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 129 25 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 129 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 129 28 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 129 30 examination examination NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 129 33 smallest small JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 129 34 faults fault NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 129 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 129 36 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 129 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 38 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 129 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 130 1 Starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 130 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 130 4 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 6 slavery slavery JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 7 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 130 10 1790s 1790s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 130 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 130 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 130 13 evangelical evangelical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 14 moralizers moralizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 130 15 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 130 16 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 130 17 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 18 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 130 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 20 enhancing enhance VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 130 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 130 22 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 23 sensibilities sensibility NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 130 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 25 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 130 26 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 27 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 130 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 130 29 reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 130 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 130 31 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 32 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 33 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 34 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 35 intense intense JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 130 37 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 130 38 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 130 39 organized organized JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 130 40 agitation agitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 130 42 propaganda propaganda NN en-wikipedia-org-290 130 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 131 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 131 2 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 131 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 131 4 exciting excite VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 131 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 131 6 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 131 7 revulsion revulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 131 8 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 131 9 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 131 10 evils evil NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 131 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 131 12 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 131 13 misbehavior misbehavior NN en-wikipedia-org-290 131 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 4 Asa Asa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 5 Briggs Briggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 6 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 132 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 132 10 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 132 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 132 12 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 132 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 14 treatises treatise NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 132 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 16 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 132 17 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 18 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 19 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 132 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 21 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 22 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 23 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 24 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 27 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 28 economy"[41 economy"[41 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 132 31 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 32 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 33 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 132 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 132 36 liberalism liberalism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 38 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 39 utilitarians utilitarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 132 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 132 41 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 43 intellectuals intellectual NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 132 44 Jeremy Jeremy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 45 Bentham Bentham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 47 1748–1832 1748–1832 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 132 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 132 50 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 51 Mill Mill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 53 1773–1836 1773–1836 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 132 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 132 56 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 132 57 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 132 58 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 59 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 60 Mill Mill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 132 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 62 1806–1873 1806–1873 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 132 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 132 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 133 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 133 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 133 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 133 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 133 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 133 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 133 7 moralistic moralistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 133 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 133 9 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 133 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 134 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 134 2 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 134 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-290 134 5 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 134 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 134 7 Philosophic Philosophic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 134 8 Radicalism Radicalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 134 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 134 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 134 11 fashioned fashion VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 134 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 134 13 formula formula NN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 15 promoting promote VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 134 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 134 17 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 134 20 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 134 22 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 134 23 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 134 24 rationality rationality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 134 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 134 27 businesslike businesslike JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 134 28 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 134 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 134 31 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-290 134 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 134 33 measure measure VB en-wikipedia-org-290 134 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 134 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 134 36 discover discover VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 134 37 solutions solution NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 134 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 134 39 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 134 40 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 134 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 135 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 135 2 formula formula NN en-wikipedia-org-290 135 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 135 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 135 5 inquiry inquiry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 135 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 135 7 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 135 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 135 9 execution execution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 135 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 135 11 inspection inspection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 135 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 135 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 135 14 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-290 135 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 136 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 136 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 136 5 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 136 6 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 136 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 136 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 136 9 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 136 10 exponent exponent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 136 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 136 12 Edwin Edwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 136 13 Chadwick Chadwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 136 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 136 15 1800–1890 1800–1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 136 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 136 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 137 1 Evangelicals evangelical NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 137 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 137 3 utilitarians utilitarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 137 4 shared share VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 137 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 137 6 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 137 7 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 137 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 137 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 137 10 ethic ethic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 137 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 137 12 responsibility responsibility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 137 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 137 14 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 137 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 137 16 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 137 17 alliance alliance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 137 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 138 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 138 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 138 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 138 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 138 5 irresistible irresistible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 138 6 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-290 138 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 138 8 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 138 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 139 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 139 4 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 139 5 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 139 6 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 139 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 8 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 139 9 slavery slavery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 139 11 removing remove VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 139 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 139 13 slavery slavery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 139 15 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 139 16 burdens burden NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 139 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 18 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 139 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 139 20 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 139 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 139 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 139 23 reforming reform VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 139 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 139 25 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 139 27 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-290 139 28 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 139 30 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-290 139 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 32 emphasizing emphasize VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 139 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 139 34 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 139 35 harsh harsh JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 139 36 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 139 38 criminals criminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 139 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 140 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 140 2 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 140 3 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 140 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 140 5 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 140 6 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 140 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 140 8 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 140 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 140 10 lifting lifting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 12 disabilities disability NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 140 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 14 nonconformists nonconformist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 140 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 140 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 140 17 Catholics Catholics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 140 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 140 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 140 20 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 21 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 140 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 140 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 140 24 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 26 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 140 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 140 28 elections election NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 140 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 140 30 introduce introduce VB en-wikipedia-org-290 140 31 democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 140 33 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-290 140 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 140 35 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 140 36 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 37 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 140 38 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 140 39 aristocrats aristocrat NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 140 40 controlled control VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 140 41 dozens dozen NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 140 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 43 seats seat NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 140 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 45 parliament parliament NN en-wikipedia-org-290 140 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 141 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 141 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 141 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 141 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 141 5 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 141 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 141 7 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 141 8 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 141 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 141 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 141 11 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 141 12 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 141 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 141 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 141 15 tightly tightly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 141 16 link link VB en-wikipedia-org-290 141 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 141 18 nonconformist nonconformist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 141 19 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-290 141 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 141 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 141 22 Liberal liberal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 141 23 party party NN en-wikipedia-org-290 141 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 142 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 142 2 dissenters dissenter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 142 3 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 142 4 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 142 5 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-290 142 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 142 7 moralistic moralistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 142 8 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 142 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 142 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 142 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 142 12 temperance temperance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 142 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 142 14 sabbath sabbath NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 142 15 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 142 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 143 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 143 2 nonconformist nonconformist JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 143 3 conscience conscience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 143 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 143 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 143 8 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 143 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 143 11 repeatedly repeatedly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 143 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 13 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 15 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 143 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 17 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 143 20 moralistic moralistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 143 21 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 143 22 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 143 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 144 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 144 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 144 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 144 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 144 5 election election NN en-wikipedia-org-290 144 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 144 7 election election NN en-wikipedia-org-290 144 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 144 9 Protestant protestant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 144 10 ministers minister NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 144 11 rallied rally VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 144 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 144 13 congregations congregation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 144 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 144 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 144 16 Liberal liberal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 144 17 ticket ticket NN en-wikipedia-org-290 144 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 145 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 145 2 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 145 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 145 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 145 5 Presbyterians Presbyterians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 145 6 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 145 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 145 8 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 145 9 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-290 145 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 145 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 145 12 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 145 13 Methodists Methodists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 145 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 145 15 Baptists Baptists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 145 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 145 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 145 18 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 145 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 145 20 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 145 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 145 22 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 145 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 146 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 146 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 146 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 146 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 146 5 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 146 6 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 8 Dissent Dissent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 146 9 faded fade VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 146 10 sharply sharply RB en-wikipedia-org-290 146 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 12 1920 1920 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 146 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 146 15 secularization secularization NN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 17 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 146 18 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 146 21 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 146 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 146 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 147 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 147 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 147 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 147 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 147 5 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 147 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 147 7 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 147 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 147 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 147 10 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 147 11 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 147 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 147 13 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 147 14 provoked provoke VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 147 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 147 16 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 147 17 reaction reaction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 147 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 148 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 148 2 sketch sketch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 148 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 148 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 148 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 148 6 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-290 148 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 148 8 Punch Punch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 148 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 148 10 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 148 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 148 12 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 148 13 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 148 14 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 148 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 149 1 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 149 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 149 4 battleground battleground NN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 149 7 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 149 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 149 11 Nonconformists Nonconformists NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 149 12 fighting fight VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 149 13 bitterly bitterly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 149 14 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 149 16 established established JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 149 17 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 149 20 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 149 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 22 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 149 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 149 24 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 149 25 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 149 26 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 149 28 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 30 universities university NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 149 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 149 32 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 149 33 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-290 149 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 150 1 Penalties penalty NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 150 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 150 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 150 4 Catholics Catholics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 150 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 150 6 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 150 7 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 150 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 151 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 151 2 Vatican Vatican NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 151 3 restored restore VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 151 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 151 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 151 6 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 151 7 bishoprics bishopric NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 151 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 151 9 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 151 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 151 11 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 151 12 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 151 13 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 151 14 conversions conversion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 151 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 151 16 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 151 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 151 18 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 151 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 152 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 152 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 152 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 152 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 152 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 152 6 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 152 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 152 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 152 9 occurring occur VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 152 10 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-290 152 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 152 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 152 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 152 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 152 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 152 16 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-290 152 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 152 18 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 152 19 converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 152 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 152 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 152 22 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 152 23 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 152 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 152 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 152 26 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 152 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 152 28 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 152 29 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 152 30 Newman Newman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 152 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 153 1 Secularism secularism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 153 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 153 3 doubts doubt NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 153 4 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 153 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 153 6 accuracy accuracy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 153 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 153 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 153 9 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 153 10 Testament Testament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 153 11 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 153 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 153 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 153 14 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 153 15 outlooked outlooked JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 153 16 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 153 17 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 153 18 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-290 153 19 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 153 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 153 21 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 153 22 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 153 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 154 1 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 154 2 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 154 3 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 154 4 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 154 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 154 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 154 7 Perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-290 154 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 154 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 154 10 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 154 11 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 13 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 154 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 154 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 16 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 154 17 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 154 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 154 20 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 22 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 154 23 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 154 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 154 25 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 154 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 154 28 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 154 29 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 154 32 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 154 33 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 35 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-290 154 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 155 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 155 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 155 3 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 155 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 155 5 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 155 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 155 7 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 155 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 155 9 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 155 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 155 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 155 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 155 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 155 14 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 155 15 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 155 16 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 155 17 mentalities mentality NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 155 18 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 155 19 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 155 20 academics academic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 155 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 156 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 156 2 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 156 3 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 156 4 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 156 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 156 6 religiously religiously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 156 7 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 156 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 156 9 commercially commercially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 156 10 engaged engaged JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 156 11 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 156 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 156 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 156 14 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 156 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 156 16 Presbyterianism Presbyterianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 156 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 156 18 Calvinism Calvinism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 156 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 157 1 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 157 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 157 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 157 4 Scottish scottish JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 157 5 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 157 6 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 157 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 157 8 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 157 9 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-290 157 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 157 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 157 12 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 157 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 157 14 thermodynamics thermodynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 157 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 157 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 157 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 157 18 motivated motivate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 157 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 157 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 157 21 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 157 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 157 23 design design VB en-wikipedia-org-290 157 24 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-290 157 25 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 157 26 efficient efficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 157 27 engines engine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 157 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 158 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 158 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-290 158 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 158 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 158 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 158 6 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 158 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 158 8 mentalities mentality NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 158 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 158 10 Anglicanism Anglicanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 158 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 158 12 agnosticism agnosticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 158 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 158 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 158 15 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 158 16 atheism atheism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 158 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 158 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 158 19 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 158 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 159 1 Academics academic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 159 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 159 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 159 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 159 5 biologist biologist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 159 6 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 159 7 Huxley Huxley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 159 8 promoted promote VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 159 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 159 10 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 159 11 naturalism naturalism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 159 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 160 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 160 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 160 3 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 160 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 160 5 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 160 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 7 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 160 8 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 160 9 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 160 10 conscience conscience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 11 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 160 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 160 13 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 160 14 sensibility sensibility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 160 17 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 160 18 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 160 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 160 20 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 160 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 160 22 dissent dissent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 160 25 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 26 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 160 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 28 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 160 29 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 160 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 160 31 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 160 32 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 160 33 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 160 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 160 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 160 36 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 160 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 160 38 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 160 39 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 160 40 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 160 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 161 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 161 2 51][52 51][52 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 161 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 161 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 161 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 161 6 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 161 7 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-290 161 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 161 9 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-290 161 10 attendance attendance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 161 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 161 12 non non NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 161 13 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 161 14 conformists conformist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 161 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 161 16 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 161 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 161 18 chapel chapel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 161 19 comprised comprise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 161 20 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-290 161 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 161 22 attendance attendance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 161 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 161 24 Sunday Sunday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 161 25 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 161 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 162 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 162 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 162 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 162 4 Nonconformists Nonconformists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 162 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 162 6 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 162 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 162 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 162 9 fast fast RB en-wikipedia-org-290 162 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 162 11 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 162 12 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 162 13 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 162 14 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 162 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 163 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 163 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 163 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 163 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 163 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 163 6 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 163 9 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 163 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 12 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 163 15 evangelicals evangelical NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 163 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 163 18 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 163 19 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 163 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 163 21 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 163 24 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 163 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 26 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 163 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 163 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 163 29 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 163 30 Dissenters dissenter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 163 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 163 33 dating date VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 163 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 163 36 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 163 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 163 38 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 163 39 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 163 41 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 163 42 Baptists Baptists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 163 44 Congregationalists Congregationalists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 163 46 Quakers Quakers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 163 48 Unitarians Unitarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 163 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 163 51 Presbyterians Presbyterians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 52 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 53 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 163 54 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 163 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 163 56 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 163 57 Dissenters Dissenters NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 163 58 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 163 59 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 163 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 163 62 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 163 63 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 163 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 163 65 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 163 66 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 163 67 Methodists Methodists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 163 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 164 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 164 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 164 3 Nonconformist nonconformist JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 164 4 conscience conscience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 164 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 164 8 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 164 9 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 10 emphasized emphasize VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 164 11 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 164 12 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 164 14 equality equality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 164 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 164 17 pursuit pursuit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 19 justice justice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 164 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 164 22 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 24 discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 164 26 compulsion compulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 164 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 164 29 coercion coercion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 164 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 165 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 165 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 165 3 Dissenters dissenter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 165 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 165 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 165 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 165 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 165 8 Anglican anglican JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 165 9 evangelicals evangelical NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 165 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 165 11 stressed stress VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 165 12 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 165 13 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 165 14 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 165 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 165 16 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 165 17 sexuality sexuality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 165 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 165 19 temperance temperance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 165 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 165 21 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 165 22 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 165 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 165 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 165 25 Sabbath Sabbath NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 165 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 165 27 keeping keeping NN en-wikipedia-org-290 165 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 166 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-290 166 2 factions faction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 166 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 166 4 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 166 5 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 166 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 166 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 166 8 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 166 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 166 10 mid-19th mid-19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 166 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 166 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 166 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 166 14 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 166 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 166 16 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 166 17 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 166 18 Whigs Whigs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 166 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 166 20 Liberals Liberals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 166 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 166 22 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 166 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 166 24 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 166 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 166 26 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 166 27 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 166 28 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 166 29 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 166 30 Anglicans Anglicans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 166 31 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 166 32 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 166 33 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 166 34 Conservatives conservative NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 166 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 167 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 167 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 167 3 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 167 4 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 167 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 167 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 167 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 167 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 167 9 Dissenters Dissenters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 167 10 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 167 11 switched switch VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 167 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 167 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 167 14 Liberal Liberal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 167 15 Party Party NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 167 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 168 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 168 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 168 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 168 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 168 5 merging merging NN en-wikipedia-org-290 168 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 168 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 168 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 168 9 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 168 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 168 11 strengthening strengthen VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 168 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 168 13 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 168 14 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 168 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 168 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 168 17 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 168 18 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 168 19 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 168 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 169 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 169 2 joined join VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 169 3 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-290 169 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 169 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 169 6 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 169 7 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 169 8 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 169 9 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 169 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 169 11 temperance temperance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 169 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 169 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 169 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 169 15 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 169 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 169 17 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 169 18 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 169 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 169 20 Methodists methodist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 169 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 170 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 170 2 55][56 55][56 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 170 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 170 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 170 5 1914 1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 170 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 170 7 linkage linkage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 170 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 170 9 weakening weaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 170 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 170 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 170 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 170 13 1920s 1920 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 170 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 170 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 170 16 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 170 17 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 170 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 171 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 171 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 171 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 171 4 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 171 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 171 6 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-290 171 7 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 171 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 171 9 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 171 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 171 11 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 171 12 disabilities disability NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 171 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 171 14 Nonconformists Nonconformists NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 171 15 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 171 16 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 171 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 172 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 172 2 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 172 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 172 4 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-290 172 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 172 6 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 172 7 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 172 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 172 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 172 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 172 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 172 12 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-290 172 13 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 172 14 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 172 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 172 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 172 17 Anglican anglican JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 172 18 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-290 172 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 172 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 172 21 married marry VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 172 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 172 23 Anglican anglican JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 172 24 ministers minister NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 172 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 172 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 172 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 172 28 denied deny VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 172 29 attendance attendance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 172 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 172 31 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 172 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 172 33 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 172 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 172 35 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 172 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 173 1 Dissenters dissenter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 173 2 demanded demand VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 173 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 173 4 removal removal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 173 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 173 6 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 173 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 173 8 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 173 9 disabilities disability NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 173 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 173 11 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 173 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 173 13 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 173 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 173 15 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 173 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 173 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 173 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 173 19 Test Test NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 173 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 173 21 Corporation Corporation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 173 22 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 173 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 173 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 174 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 174 2 Anglican anglican JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 174 3 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 174 4 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 174 5 resisted resist VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 174 6 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 174 7 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 174 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 175 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 175 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 175 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 175 4 Dissenters dissenter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 175 5 organized organize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 175 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 175 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 175 8 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 175 9 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 175 10 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 175 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 175 12 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 175 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 175 14 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 175 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 175 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 175 17 repeal repeal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 175 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 175 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 175 20 restrictions restriction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 175 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 176 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 176 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 176 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 176 4 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 176 5 achievement achievement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 176 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 176 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 176 8 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 176 9 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 176 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 176 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 176 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 176 13 Dissenters dissenter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 176 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 176 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 176 16 finished finish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 176 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 176 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 176 19 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 176 20 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 176 21 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 176 22 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 176 23 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 176 24 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 176 25 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 176 26 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 176 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 176 28 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 176 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 176 30 eliminating eliminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 176 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 176 32 grievances grievance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 176 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 177 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 177 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 177 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 177 4 Next next RB en-wikipedia-org-290 177 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 177 7 agenda agenda NN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 177 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 177 10 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 12 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 13 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 177 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 177 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 177 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 177 17 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 177 18 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 177 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 177 21 parish parish JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 177 22 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 177 25 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 177 28 parish parish JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 177 29 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 30 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 177 32 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 177 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 177 34 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 177 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 178 1 Only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 178 2 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 178 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 178 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 178 5 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 178 6 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-290 178 7 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 178 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 178 9 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-290 178 10 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 178 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 179 1 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 179 2 disobedience disobedience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 179 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 179 4 attempted attempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 179 5 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 179 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 179 7 met meet VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 179 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 179 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 179 10 seizure seizure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 179 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 179 12 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 179 13 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-290 179 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 179 15 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 179 16 imprisonment imprisonment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 179 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 180 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 180 2 compulsory compulsory JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 180 3 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 180 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 180 5 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 180 6 abolished abolish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 180 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 180 8 1868 1868 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 180 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 180 10 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 180 11 Ewart Ewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 180 12 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 180 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 180 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 180 15 payment payment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 180 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 180 17 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 180 18 voluntary voluntary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 180 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 181 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 181 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 181 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 181 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 181 5 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 181 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 181 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 181 8 moralistic moralistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 181 9 evangelical evangelical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 181 10 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 181 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 181 12 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 181 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 181 14 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 181 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 181 16 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 181 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 181 18 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 181 19 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-290 181 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 181 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 181 22 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 181 23 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-290 181 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 182 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 182 2 61][62 61][62 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 182 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 182 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 182 5 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 182 6 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 182 7 1836 1836 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 182 8 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 182 9 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 182 10 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 182 11 registrars registrar NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 182 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 182 13 handle handle VB en-wikipedia-org-290 182 14 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 182 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 183 1 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 183 2 ministers minister NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 183 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 183 4 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 183 5 chapels chapel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 183 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 183 7 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 183 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 183 9 marry marry VB en-wikipedia-org-290 183 10 couples couple NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 183 11 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 183 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 183 13 registrar registrar NN en-wikipedia-org-290 183 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 183 15 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 183 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 184 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 184 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 3 1836 1836 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 184 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 184 5 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 184 6 registration registration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 8 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 184 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 184 10 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 184 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 184 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 184 13 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 184 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 184 15 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 184 18 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 184 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 20 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 184 21 parish parish NN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 22 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 184 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 184 24 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 26 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 184 27 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 184 28 registrars registrar NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 184 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 185 1 Burial burial NN en-wikipedia-org-290 185 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 185 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 185 4 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 185 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 185 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 185 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 185 8 troubling troubling JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 185 9 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 185 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 185 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 185 12 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 185 13 chapels chapel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 185 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 185 15 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-290 185 16 graveyards graveyard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 185 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 185 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 185 19 Nonconformists Nonconformists NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 185 20 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 185 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 185 22 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-290 185 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 185 24 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 185 25 graveyards graveyard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 185 26 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 185 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 185 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 185 29 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 185 30 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-290 185 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 186 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 186 2 Burial Burial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 186 3 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 186 4 Amendment Amendment NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 186 5 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 186 6 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 186 7 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 186 8 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 186 9 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 186 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 187 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 187 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 187 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 187 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 187 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 187 6 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 187 7 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 187 8 seeking seek VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 187 9 admission admission NN en-wikipedia-org-290 187 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 187 11 subscribe subscribe VB en-wikipedia-org-290 187 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 187 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 187 14 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 187 15 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 187 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 187 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 187 18 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 187 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 187 20 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 187 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 188 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 188 2 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 188 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 188 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 188 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 188 6 diploma diploma NN en-wikipedia-org-290 188 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 189 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 189 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 189 3 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 189 4 universities university NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 189 5 opposed oppose VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 189 6 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 189 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 189 8 charter charter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 189 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 189 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 189 11 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 189 12 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 189 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 189 14 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 189 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 189 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 189 17 1830s 1830 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 189 18 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 189 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 189 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 189 21 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-290 189 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 189 23 restriction restriction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 189 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 190 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 190 2 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-290 190 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 190 4 nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-290 190 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 190 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 190 7 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 190 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 190 9 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 190 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 190 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 190 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 190 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 190 14 1850s 1850s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 190 15 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 190 16 dropped drop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 190 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 190 18 restrictions restriction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 190 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 191 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 191 2 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 191 3 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 191 4 sponsored sponsor VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 191 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 191 6 Universities Universities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 191 7 Tests Tests NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 191 8 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 191 9 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 191 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 191 11 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 191 12 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 191 13 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-290 191 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 191 15 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 191 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 191 17 fellowships fellowship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 191 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 192 1 Nonconformists Nonconformists NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 192 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 192 3 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 192 4 Unitarians Unitarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 192 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 192 6 Presbyterians Presbyterians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 192 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 192 8 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 192 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 192 10 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 192 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 192 12 founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 192 13 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 192 14 universities university NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 192 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 192 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 192 17 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 192 18 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 192 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 192 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 192 21 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 192 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 192 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 192 24 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 192 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 192 26 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 192 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 192 28 Liverpool Liverpool NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 192 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 192 30 Leeds Leeds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 192 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 193 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 193 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 193 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 193 4 Agnostics agnostic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 193 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 193 6 freethinkers freethinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 193 7 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 8 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 9 Huxley Huxley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 193 11 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 12 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 14 1860 1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 193 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 16 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 17 Wilberforce Wilberforce NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 193 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 193 20 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 21 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 193 24 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 193 25 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 27 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 28 Darwin Darwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 193 30 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 32 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 193 34 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 35 theological theological JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 193 37 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 38 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 40 agnosticism agnosticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 193 42 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 193 43 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 44 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 45 theoretically theoretically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 193 46 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 193 48 prove prove VB en-wikipedia-org-290 193 49 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 50 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 193 51 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 193 52 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 53 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 193 55 suddenly suddenly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 193 56 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 193 57 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 193 58 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 193 59 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 60 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 61 1869 1869 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 193 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 193 63 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 193 64 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 65 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 66 Huxley Huxley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 193 67 coined coin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 193 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 193 69 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 193 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 194 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 194 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 194 3 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 194 4 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 194 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 194 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 194 7 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 194 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 194 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 194 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 194 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 194 12 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 194 13 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 194 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 194 15 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 194 16 Stewart Stewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 194 17 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 194 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 194 19 1844–1906 1844–1906 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 194 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 194 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 194 22 Agnostic Agnostic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 194 23 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 194 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 194 25 Eclectic Eclectic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 194 26 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 194 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 195 1 Interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 195 2 petered petere VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 195 3 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 195 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 195 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 195 6 1890s 1890 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 195 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 195 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 195 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 195 10 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 195 11 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 195 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 195 13 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 195 14 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-290 195 15 closed close VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 195 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 196 1 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 196 2 championed champion VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 196 3 agnosticism agnosticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 5 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 196 7 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 196 8 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 196 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 10 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 196 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 196 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 196 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 14 atheism atheism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 196 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 17 expounded expound VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 19 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 196 20 Bradlaugh[65 Bradlaugh[65 . en-wikipedia-org-290 196 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 196 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 196 23 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 196 25 atheism atheism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 196 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 196 27 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-290 196 28 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 196 29 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 196 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 197 1 Blasphemy Blasphemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 197 2 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 197 3 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 197 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 197 5 promoting promote VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 197 6 atheism atheism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 197 7 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 197 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 197 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 197 10 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 197 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 197 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 197 13 vigorously vigorously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 197 14 prosecuted prosecute VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 197 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 198 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 198 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 198 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 198 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 198 5 Southwell Southwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 198 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 198 7 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 198 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 198 9 editors editor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 198 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 198 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 198 12 explicitly explicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 198 13 atheistic atheistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 198 14 periodical periodical NN en-wikipedia-org-290 198 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 198 16 Oracle Oracle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 198 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 198 18 Reason Reason NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 198 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 198 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 198 21 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 198 22 Vindicated Vindicated NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 198 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 198 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 198 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 198 26 imprisoned imprison VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 198 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 198 28 blasphemy blasphemy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 198 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 198 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 198 31 1840s 1840s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 198 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 199 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 199 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 199 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 199 4 Disbelievers disbeliever NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 199 5 call call VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 199 6 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 199 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 199 8 freethinkers freethinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 199 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 199 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 199 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 199 12 secularists secularist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 199 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 199 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 200 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 2 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 200 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 4 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 5 Mill Mill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 200 7 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 8 Carlyle Carlyle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 200 10 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 11 Eliot Eliot NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 200 13 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 14 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 200 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 201 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 201 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 201 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 201 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 201 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 201 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 201 7 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 201 8 hostile hostile JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 201 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 201 10 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 201 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 201 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 201 13 Huxley Huxley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 201 14 repeatedly repeatedly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 201 15 emphasized emphasize VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 201 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 202 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 202 2 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 202 3 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 202 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 202 5 caught catch VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 7 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 202 10 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 202 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 202 13 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 202 15 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 202 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 202 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 202 18 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 19 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 202 20 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 202 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 202 22 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 202 24 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 202 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 202 26 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-290 202 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 203 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 203 2 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-290 203 3 concentrated concentrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 203 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 203 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 203 6 argument argument NN en-wikipedia-org-290 203 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 203 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 203 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 203 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 203 11 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 203 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 203 13 believe believe VB en-wikipedia-org-290 203 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 203 15 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 203 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 203 17 behave behave VB en-wikipedia-org-290 203 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 203 19 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 203 20 fashion fashion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 203 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 204 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 204 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 204 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 204 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 204 5 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 204 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 204 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 204 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 204 10 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 204 12 paid pay VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 204 13 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 204 14 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 16 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 204 18 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 204 19 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 204 22 exciting exciting JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 204 23 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 204 24 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 26 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 204 27 Darwin Darwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 204 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 29 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 204 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 31 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 204 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 205 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 205 2 proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 4 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 205 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 205 6 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 205 8 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 205 9 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 205 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 205 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 205 12 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-290 205 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 205 14 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 205 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 205 16 marvelously marvelously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 205 17 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 205 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 205 20 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-290 205 21 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-290 205 22 satisfactory satisfactory JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 205 23 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 205 24 biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 25 demonstrated demonstrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 205 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 27 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 28 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 205 29 arise arise VB en-wikipedia-org-290 205 30 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 31 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 205 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 206 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 206 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 206 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 206 4 Marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 206 6 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 7 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 206 8 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 206 10 Separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 206 11 spheres sphere NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 206 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 206 13 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 206 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 206 16 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 206 17 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 18 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 206 19 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 206 20 Joy Joy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 206 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 206 22 painting paint VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 206 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 206 24 Bayswater Bayswater NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 206 25 Omnibus Omnibus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 206 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 206 27 1895 1895 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 206 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 206 29 depicts depict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 206 30 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 206 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 206 32 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 33 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 206 34 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 36 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 206 37 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 206 38 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 206 39 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 206 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 206 41 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 42 scene scene NN en-wikipedia-org-290 206 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 207 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 207 2 daguerreotype daguerreotype NN en-wikipedia-org-290 207 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 207 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 207 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 207 6 couple couple NN en-wikipedia-org-290 207 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 207 8 1840s 1840 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 207 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 207 10 1850s 1850s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 207 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 207 12 centrality centrality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 207 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 207 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 207 15 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 207 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 207 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 207 18 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 207 19 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 207 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 207 21 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 207 22 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 207 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 208 1 Worriers worrier NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 208 2 repeatedly repeatedly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 208 3 detected detect VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 208 4 threats threat NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 208 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 208 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 208 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 208 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 208 9 dealt deal VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 208 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 208 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 208 12 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 208 13 wives wife NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 208 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 208 15 overpaid overpay VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 208 16 youths youth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 208 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 208 18 harsh harsh JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 208 19 factory factory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 208 20 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 208 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 208 22 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 208 23 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 208 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 208 25 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 208 26 sanitation sanitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 208 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 208 28 excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 208 29 drinking drinking NN en-wikipedia-org-290 208 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 208 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 208 32 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 208 33 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 208 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 209 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 209 2 licentiousness licentiousness NN en-wikipedia-org-290 209 3 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 209 4 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 209 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 209 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 209 7 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 209 8 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 209 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 209 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 209 11 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 209 12 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 209 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 209 14 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 209 15 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 209 16 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 209 17 dissipated dissipate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 209 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 210 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 210 2 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 210 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 210 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 210 5 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 210 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 210 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 210 8 harsh harsh JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 210 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 210 10 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-290 210 11 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 210 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 210 13 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 210 14 wives wife NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 210 15 sheltered shelter VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 210 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 210 17 husbands husband NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 210 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 210 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 210 20 tedium tedium NN en-wikipedia-org-290 210 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 210 22 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 210 23 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 210 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 211 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 211 2 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 211 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 211 4 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 211 5 shrank shrink VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 211 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 211 7 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 211 8 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 211 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 211 10 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 211 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 211 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 211 13 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 211 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 211 15 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-290 211 16 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 211 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 212 1 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 212 2 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 212 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 212 4 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 212 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 212 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 212 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 212 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 212 9 nuclear nuclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 212 10 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 212 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 212 12 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-290 212 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 212 14 ideal ideal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 212 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 212 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 212 17 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 212 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 213 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 213 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 213 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 213 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 213 5 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 213 6 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 213 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 213 8 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 9 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 213 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 213 13 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 213 14 spheres sphere NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 213 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 213 16 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 213 17 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 213 18 avoid avoid VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 213 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 213 20 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 213 21 sphere sphere NN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 213 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 213 24 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 26 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 213 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 213 28 paid pay VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 213 29 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 213 31 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 213 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 213 34 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 213 35 speaking speaking NN en-wikipedia-org-290 213 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 214 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-290 214 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 214 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 214 4 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-290 214 5 dominate dominate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 214 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 214 8 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 10 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 214 11 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 214 13 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 214 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 214 16 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 214 19 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 214 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 214 22 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 214 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 214 25 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 214 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 214 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 214 28 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 214 30 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 214 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 214 33 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 214 34 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-290 214 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 215 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 215 4 Religiosity Religiosity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 215 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 215 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 215 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 215 8 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 215 9 sphere sphere NN en-wikipedia-org-290 215 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 215 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 215 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 215 13 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 215 14 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 215 15 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 215 16 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 215 17 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 215 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 215 19 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 215 20 eagerly eagerly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 215 21 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 215 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 216 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 216 2 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 216 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 4 Sunday Sunday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 216 5 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 216 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 216 7 visited visit VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 216 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 216 9 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 216 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 216 11 sick sick JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 216 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 216 13 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 14 tracts tract NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 216 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 216 16 engaged engage VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 18 fundraising fundraising NN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 216 20 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 216 21 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 216 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 216 23 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 216 24 Methodist Methodist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 216 25 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 26 meetings meeting NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 216 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 216 28 prayed pray VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 216 31 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 216 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 216 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 216 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 216 35 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 216 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 216 37 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 216 39 preach preach VB en-wikipedia-org-290 216 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 216 41 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 216 42 audiences audience NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 216 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 217 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 217 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 217 5 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 217 6 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 217 7 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 217 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 217 9 Angel Angel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 217 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 217 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 217 12 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 217 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 217 14 Coventry Coventry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 217 15 Patmore Patmore NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 217 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 217 17 1823–1896 1823–1896 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 217 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 217 19 exemplified exemplify VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 217 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 217 21 idealized idealized JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 217 22 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 217 23 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 217 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 217 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 217 26 angelically angelically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 217 27 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 217 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 217 29 devoted devoted JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 217 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 217 31 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 217 32 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 217 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 217 34 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 217 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 218 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 218 2 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 218 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 218 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 218 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 218 6 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 7 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 218 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 218 9 reflected reflect VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 218 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 218 11 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 218 12 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 13 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 14 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 218 16 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 218 18 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 218 20 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 21 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 218 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 218 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 218 24 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 25 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 218 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 218 27 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 218 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 219 1 Legally legally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 219 2 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 219 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 219 4 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 219 5 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 219 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 219 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 219 8 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 219 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 219 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 219 11 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 219 12 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-290 219 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 219 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 219 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 219 16 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 219 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 220 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 220 2 recognized recognized JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 220 3 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 220 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 220 5 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 220 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 220 7 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 220 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 220 9 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-290 220 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 220 11 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-290 220 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 220 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 220 14 widow widow NN en-wikipedia-org-290 220 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 221 1 Rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 221 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 221 4 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 5 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 221 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 7 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 221 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 221 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 221 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 221 11 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-290 221 12 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 13 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 221 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 221 16 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 221 17 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 221 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 221 19 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 20 owned own VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 221 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 221 22 shop shop NN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 221 24 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 221 25 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 221 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 221 28 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 221 30 participation participation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 221 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 221 32 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 221 33 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 221 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 222 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-290 222 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 222 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 222 4 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 5 sphere sphere NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 6 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 222 7 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 222 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 9 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 222 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 222 12 spent spend VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 222 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 222 14 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 222 16 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 222 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 222 19 furniture furniture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 222 21 clothing clothing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 222 23 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 222 25 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 222 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 222 28 outward outward JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 222 29 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 222 31 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 222 32 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 222 33 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-290 222 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 223 1 Patmore Patmore NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 223 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 223 3 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-290 223 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 223 5 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 223 6 copied copy VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 223 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 223 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 223 9 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 223 10 Dickens Dickens NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 223 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 223 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 223 13 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-290 223 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 224 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 224 4 Literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 224 5 critics critic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 224 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 224 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 9 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 224 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 11 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 224 12 feminine feminine JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 224 13 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 224 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 15 delicacy delicacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 224 17 sensitivity sensitivity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 224 19 sympathy sympathy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 224 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 224 22 sharp sharp JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 224 23 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 24 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 224 25 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 224 26 novelists novelist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 224 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 224 28 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 224 29 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 30 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 31 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 224 32 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 33 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 34 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 224 36 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-290 224 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 225 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 225 2 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 225 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 225 4 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 225 5 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 225 6 attractive attractive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 225 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 225 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 225 9 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 225 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 225 11 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 225 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 225 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 225 14 bought buy VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 225 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 225 16 novels novel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 225 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 225 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 225 19 serialized serialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 225 20 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 225 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 225 22 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 225 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 225 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 225 25 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 225 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 226 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 226 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 226 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 226 4 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 226 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 226 6 feminists feminist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 226 7 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 226 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 226 9 aspirations aspiration NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 226 10 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-290 226 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 226 12 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 226 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 227 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 227 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 227 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 227 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 227 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 227 10 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 227 11 Woman Woman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 227 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 227 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 227 14 riding ride VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 227 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 227 16 bicycle bicycle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 227 18 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 227 19 bloomers bloomer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 227 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 227 21 signing signing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 22 petitions petition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 227 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 227 24 supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 227 25 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 227 26 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 27 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 227 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 227 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 227 30 talking talk VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 227 31 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 227 33 vote vote NN en-wikipedia-org-290 227 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 228 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 228 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 5 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 228 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 228 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 228 8 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-290 228 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 10 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 228 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 228 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 228 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 228 15 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 228 16 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 228 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 228 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 228 19 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 21 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 22 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-290 228 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 228 24 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 26 romantic romantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 228 27 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 228 29 companionship companionship NN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 30 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-290 228 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 32 convenience convenience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 228 34 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 228 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 228 37 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 228 38 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 228 39 considerations consideration NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 228 40 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 228 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 42 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 43 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 228 45 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 228 46 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 228 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 229 1 Cheaper cheap JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 229 2 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 229 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 229 4 printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 229 5 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 229 6 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 229 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 229 8 easier easy JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 229 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 229 10 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 229 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 229 12 attract attract VB en-wikipedia-org-290 229 13 mates mate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 229 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 229 15 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 229 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 229 17 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-290 229 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 229 19 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 229 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 229 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 229 22 Valentine Valentine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 229 23 card card NN en-wikipedia-org-290 229 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 230 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 230 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 230 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 230 4 Education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 230 6 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 7 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 230 8 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 230 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 12 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 14 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 15 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 230 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 17 Nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 230 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 230 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 230 21 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 230 22 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 230 24 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 25 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 230 27 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 230 28 cartoon cartoon NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 230 31 humorous humorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 230 32 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 230 33 magazine magazine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 34 Punch Punch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 35 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 230 37 Senior Senior NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 38 Wrangler Wrangler NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 230 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 230 41 student student NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 42 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 43 Girton Girton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 44 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 45 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 230 47 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 230 48 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 230 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 230 50 1884 1884 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 230 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 230 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 230 53 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 230 54 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 230 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 230 56 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 230 57 corner corner NN en-wikipedia-org-290 230 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 230 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 231 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 231 2 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 231 3 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 231 4 incentivised incentivise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 231 5 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 231 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 231 7 think think VB en-wikipedia-org-290 231 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 231 9 scientifically scientifically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 231 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 231 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 231 12 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-290 231 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 231 14 educated educated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 231 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 231 16 informed inform VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 231 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 231 18 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-290 231 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 231 20 solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-290 231 21 novel novel JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 231 22 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 231 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 232 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 232 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 232 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 232 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 232 5 cognitive cognitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 232 6 abilities ability NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 232 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 232 8 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 232 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 232 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 232 11 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 232 12 limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 232 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 232 14 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 232 15 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 232 16 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 232 17 intelligent intelligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 232 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 232 19 innovative innovative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 232 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 232 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 232 22 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 232 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 233 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 233 2 77][78 77][78 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 233 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 233 4 Formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 233 5 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 233 6 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 233 7 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 233 8 vital vital JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 233 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 234 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 234 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 234 3 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 234 4 researcher researcher NN en-wikipedia-org-290 234 5 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 234 6 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 234 7 Flynn Flynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 234 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 234 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 234 10 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 234 11 echoed echo VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 234 12 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-290 234 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 234 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 234 15 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 234 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 234 17 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 234 18 leveling level VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 234 19 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-290 234 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 234 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 234 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 234 23 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 234 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 234 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 234 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 235 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 235 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 235 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 235 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 235 5 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 235 6 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 235 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 235 8 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 235 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 235 10 renaissance renaissance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 235 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 235 12 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 235 13 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 235 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 235 15 inspired inspire VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 235 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 235 17 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 235 18 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 235 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 235 20 Rugby Rugby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 235 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 236 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 236 2 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 236 3 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 236 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 236 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 236 6 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-290 236 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 236 8 gentlemen gentleman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 236 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 236 10 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 236 11 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 236 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 237 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 237 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 237 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 237 4 Sunday Sunday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 237 5 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 237 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 237 7 charity charity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 237 8 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 237 9 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 237 10 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-290 237 11 illiteracy illiteracy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 237 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 238 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 238 4 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 238 6 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 238 9 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 238 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 238 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 238 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 238 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 238 15 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 238 16 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 17 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 18 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 238 19 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 238 21 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 238 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 238 24 Elementary Elementary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 238 25 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 238 26 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 238 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 238 28 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 238 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 239 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 239 2 1876 1876 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 239 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 239 4 attending attend VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 239 5 elementary elementary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 239 6 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 239 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 239 8 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 239 9 compulsory compulsory JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 239 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 240 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 240 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 240 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 240 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 240 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 240 6 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 240 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 240 8 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 240 9 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 240 10 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 240 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 240 12 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 240 13 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 240 14 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 240 15 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 240 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 241 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 241 2 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 241 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 241 4 determine determine VB en-wikipedia-org-290 241 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 241 6 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 241 7 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 241 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 241 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 241 10 count count VB en-wikipedia-org-290 241 11 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 241 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 241 13 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 241 14 sign sign VB en-wikipedia-org-290 241 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 241 16 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 241 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 241 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 241 19 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 241 20 registers register NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 241 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 242 1 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 242 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 242 3 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-290 242 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 242 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 242 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 242 7 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 242 8 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 242 9 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 242 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 242 11 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 242 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 242 13 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 242 14 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 242 15 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 242 16 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 242 17 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-290 242 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 242 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 242 20 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 242 21 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 242 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 242 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 243 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 243 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 3 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 243 6 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 243 8 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 243 9 underestimates underestimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 243 10 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 243 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 243 13 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 243 16 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 18 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 243 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 243 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 243 21 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-290 243 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 243 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 243 24 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 25 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 243 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 243 28 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 243 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 243 31 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 243 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 243 33 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 243 34 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 243 36 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-290 243 37 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 243 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 243 40 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 243 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 243 42 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-290 243 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 244 1 Literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 244 2 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 244 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 244 4 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 244 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 244 6 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 244 7 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 244 8 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 244 9 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 244 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 245 1 Rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 245 2 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 245 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 245 4 urbanization urbanization NN en-wikipedia-org-290 245 5 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 245 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 245 7 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 245 8 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-290 245 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 245 10 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 245 11 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 245 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 245 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 245 14 cheap cheap JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 245 15 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 245 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 245 17 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 245 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 246 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 246 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 246 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 246 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 246 5 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 6 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 246 9 curriculum curriculum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 11 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 246 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 246 14 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 16 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 246 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 246 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 246 22 Mathematical Mathematical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 246 23 Tripos Tripos NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 246 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 246 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 246 26 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 246 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 246 28 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 246 29 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 30 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 32 mathematicians mathematician NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 246 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 246 34 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 246 35 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 246 36 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 246 37 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 38 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 246 40 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 41 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 42 servants servant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 246 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 246 44 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 246 45 administrators administrator NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 246 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 246 47 lawyers lawyer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 246 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 246 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 246 50 clergymen clergyman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 246 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 247 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 247 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 247 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 247 4 Named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 247 7 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 247 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 247 9 legged legged JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 247 10 stool stool NN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 11 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 247 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 247 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 14 sitting sit VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 247 15 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-290 247 16 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 247 18 fifteenth fifteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 247 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 247 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 247 22 Tripos Tripos NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 247 23 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 247 24 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 247 25 challenging challenging JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 247 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 247 27 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 247 28 prestigious prestigious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 247 29 exams exam NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 247 30 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 247 31 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 247 32 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 247 33 candidate candidate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 247 36 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 37 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 38 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 247 39 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 247 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 247 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 247 42 Senior Senior NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 247 43 Wrangler Wrangler NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 247 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 247 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 248 1 Below below IN en-wikipedia-org-290 248 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 248 3 Senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 248 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 248 5 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 248 6 Wranglers Wranglers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 248 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 248 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 248 9 Optimes Optimes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 248 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 249 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 249 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 249 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 249 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 249 5 exams exam NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 249 6 concerned concern VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 249 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 249 8 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 249 9 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 249 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 249 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 249 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 249 13 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 249 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 249 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 249 16 applied applied JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 249 17 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 249 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 250 1 Starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 250 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 250 4 1830s 1830 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 250 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 250 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 250 8 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 10 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 250 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 12 Trinity Trinity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 250 13 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 250 14 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 250 15 Whewell Whewell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 250 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 250 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 250 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 250 19 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 250 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 250 21 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 22 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 23 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 250 24 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 250 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 26 applied applied JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 250 27 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 250 28 deemed deem VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 250 29 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 250 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 250 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 250 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 33 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 250 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 250 35 optics optic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 250 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 250 37 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-290 250 38 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 250 39 amenable amenable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 250 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 41 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 250 42 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 250 44 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 250 45 unfinished unfinished JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 250 46 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 250 48 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 250 50 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 250 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 52 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 250 54 magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 250 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 251 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 251 2 recommendations recommendation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 251 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 251 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 251 5 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 251 6 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 251 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 251 8 1850–51 1850–51 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 251 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 251 10 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 251 11 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 251 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 251 13 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 251 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 251 15 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 251 16 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 251 17 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 251 18 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 251 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 252 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 252 2 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 252 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 252 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 252 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 252 6 Tripos Tripos NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 252 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 252 8 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 252 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 252 10 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 252 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 252 12 broader broad JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 252 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 252 14 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 252 15 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 252 16 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-290 252 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 252 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 252 19 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 252 20 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 252 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 252 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 252 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 252 24 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 252 25 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 252 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 252 27 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-290 252 28 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 252 29 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 252 30 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-290 252 31 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 252 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 253 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 253 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 253 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 253 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 253 5 1890 1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 253 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 253 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 253 8 Tripos Tripos NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 253 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 253 10 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 253 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 253 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 253 13 rigorous rigorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 253 14 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-290 253 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 253 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 253 17 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 253 18 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 253 19 ingenuity ingenuity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 253 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 253 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 253 22 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 253 23 stamina stamina NN en-wikipedia-org-290 253 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 254 1 Topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 254 2 ranged range VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 254 3 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 254 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 254 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 254 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 254 7 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 254 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 254 9 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 254 10 physics physic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 254 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 255 1 Candidates candidate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 255 2 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 255 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 255 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 255 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 255 6 firm firm JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 255 7 grasp grasp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 255 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 255 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 255 10 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 255 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 255 12 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 255 13 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 255 14 Newton Newton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 255 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 255 16 Euclid Euclid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 255 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 255 18 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 255 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 255 20 trigonometric trigonometric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 255 21 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 255 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 255 23 conic conic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 255 24 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 255 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 255 26 compounded compound VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 255 27 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 255 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 255 29 eclipses eclipse NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 255 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 255 31 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 255 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 256 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 256 2 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 256 3 sat sit VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 256 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 256 5 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-290 256 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 256 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 256 8 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-290 256 9 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 256 10 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-290 256 11 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-290 256 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 256 13 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-290 256 14 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 256 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 256 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 256 17 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-290 256 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 256 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 256 20 dozen dozen NN en-wikipedia-org-290 256 21 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 256 22 featuring feature VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 256 23 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 256 24 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 256 25 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 256 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 257 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 257 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 257 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 257 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 5 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 257 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 257 7 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 257 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 257 10 colleges college NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 257 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 257 13 opened open VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 257 16 1870s 1870 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 257 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 257 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 257 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 257 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 257 21 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 257 23 1890s 1890 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 257 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 257 26 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 257 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 257 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 257 29 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 257 31 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-290 257 32 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 257 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 257 36 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 38 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 257 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 257 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 257 41 sit sit VB en-wikipedia-org-290 257 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 257 44 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 257 45 exams exam NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 257 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 257 47 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 257 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 258 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 258 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 258 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 258 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 258 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 258 6 college college NN en-wikipedia-org-290 258 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 258 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 258 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 258 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 258 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 258 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 258 13 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 258 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 258 15 Girton Girton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 258 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 258 17 opened open VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 258 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 258 19 1873 1873 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 258 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 259 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 259 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 259 3 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 259 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 259 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 259 6 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 259 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 259 8 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-290 259 9 exams exam NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 259 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 259 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 259 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 259 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 259 14 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 259 15 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 259 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 259 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 259 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 259 19 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 259 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 259 21 receive receive VB en-wikipedia-org-290 259 22 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 259 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 260 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 260 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 260 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 260 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 260 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 260 6 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 260 8 scored score VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 9 separately separately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 260 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 260 11 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 260 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 260 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 260 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 260 15 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 260 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 17 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 260 18 candidates candidate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 260 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 260 20 enunciated enunciate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 22 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 24 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 260 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 260 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 260 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 28 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 260 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 260 31 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 260 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 260 33 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 260 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 260 35 21st 21st NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 260 36 Optimes Optimes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 260 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 260 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 261 1 Exam exam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 261 2 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 261 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 261 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 261 5 1860s 1860 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 261 6 onward onward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 261 7 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 261 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 261 9 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 261 10 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 261 11 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 261 12 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 261 13 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 261 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 261 15 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 261 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 261 17 though though RB en-wikipedia-org-290 261 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 261 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 261 20 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 261 21 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-290 261 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 261 23 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 261 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 262 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 262 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 262 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 262 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 262 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 262 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 262 7 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 262 8 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 262 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 262 10 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 262 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 262 12 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 262 13 creatures creature NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 262 14 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 262 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 262 16 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 262 17 faculty faculty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 262 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 262 19 master master VB en-wikipedia-org-290 262 20 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 262 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 263 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 263 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 263 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 263 4 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 263 5 news news NN en-wikipedia-org-290 263 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 263 7 Philippa Philippa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 263 8 Fawcett Fawcett NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 263 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 263 10 ranked rank VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 263 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 263 12 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-290 263 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 263 14 Senior Senior NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 263 15 Wranger Wranger NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 263 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 263 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 263 18 1890 1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 263 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 263 20 scoring score VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 263 21 thirteen thirteen CD en-wikipedia-org-290 263 22 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 263 23 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 263 24 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 263 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 263 26 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 263 27 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-290 263 28 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 263 29 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 263 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 263 31 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 263 32 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 263 33 Bennett Bennett NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 263 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 264 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 264 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 264 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 264 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 264 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 264 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 264 7 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 264 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 264 9 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 264 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 264 11 score score VB en-wikipedia-org-290 264 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 264 13 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 264 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 264 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 264 16 Tripos Tripos NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 264 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 265 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 265 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 265 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 265 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 265 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 265 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 265 8 welcomed welcome VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 265 11 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 13 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 265 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 265 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 265 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 265 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 265 19 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 21 nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 265 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 266 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 266 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 266 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 266 4 nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 266 5 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 266 6 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 266 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 266 8 respected respected JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 266 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 266 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 266 11 brilliant brilliant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 266 12 exploits exploit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 266 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 266 14 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 266 15 Nightingale Nightingale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 266 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 266 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 266 18 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 266 19 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 266 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 267 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 267 2 nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 267 3 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 267 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 267 5 St St NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 267 6 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 267 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 267 8 Hospital Hospital NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 267 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 267 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 267 11 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-290 267 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 267 13 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 267 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 268 1 Consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-290 268 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 268 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 268 5 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 268 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 268 7 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 8 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 268 9 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 268 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 268 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 268 12 prospects prospect NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 268 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 268 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 268 16 nurse nurse NN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 268 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 268 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 268 21 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 268 22 career career NN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 23 options option NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 268 24 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 268 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 268 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 268 29 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 268 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 268 31 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 268 32 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 268 33 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 268 34 appealing appealing JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 268 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 269 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 269 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 269 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 269 4 Reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 269 5 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 269 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 269 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 269 9 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 269 10 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 269 12 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 14 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 269 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 269 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 17 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 269 18 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 269 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 269 20 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 21 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 269 22 Cover cover VB en-wikipedia-org-290 269 23 illustration illustration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 25 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 26 Carroll Carroll NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 269 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 269 29 Nursery Nursery NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 269 31 Alice alice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 269 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 34 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 35 Gertrude Gertrude NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 36 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 37 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 39 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 41 1890 1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 269 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 43 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 44 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 269 45 1887 1887 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 269 46 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 48 Beeton Beeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 49 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 269 50 Christmas Christmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 51 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 52 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 269 53 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 54 Conan Conan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 55 Doyle Doyle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 56 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 269 57 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 58 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 60 Scarlet Scarlet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 269 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 269 63 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 269 64 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 269 67 fictional fictional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 269 68 detective detective NN en-wikipedia-org-290 269 69 Sherlock Sherlock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 70 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 269 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 270 1 Page page NN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 2 157 157 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 270 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 4 Somerville Somerville NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 270 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 270 6 Mechanism Mechanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 270 7 discussing discuss VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 270 8 Kepler Kepler NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 270 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 270 10 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 270 11 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 270 13 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 270 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 270 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 270 17 publishing publishing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 18 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 19 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 270 20 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 270 21 catching catch VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 270 22 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 270 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 270 25 momentous momentous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 270 26 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 270 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 28 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 29 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 30 about about RP en-wikipedia-org-290 270 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 270 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 270 33 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 270 34 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 270 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 271 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 271 2 benefited benefit VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 271 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 271 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 271 5 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 271 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 271 7 electrical electrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 271 8 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-290 271 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 271 10 rail rail NN en-wikipedia-org-290 271 11 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-290 271 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 271 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 271 14 telegraphy telegraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 271 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 272 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 272 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 272 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 272 4 Sales sale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 272 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 6 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 272 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 272 8 periodicals periodical NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 272 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 272 10 fuelled fuel VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 272 13 seemingly seemingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 272 14 insatiable insatiable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 272 15 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 17 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 272 19 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 272 21 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 272 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 272 24 entertainment entertainment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 272 27 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 272 28 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 272 29 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 272 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 272 31 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 272 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 273 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 273 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 273 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 273 4 Initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 273 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 273 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 273 7 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 273 8 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 273 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 273 10 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-290 273 11 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 273 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 273 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 273 14 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 273 15 reader reader NN en-wikipedia-org-290 273 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 273 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 273 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 273 19 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 273 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 273 21 cover cover VB en-wikipedia-org-290 273 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 273 23 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 273 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 273 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 273 26 publisher publisher NN en-wikipedia-org-290 273 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 273 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 273 29 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-290 273 30 reasonable reasonable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 273 31 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 273 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 273 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 273 34 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 273 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 274 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 274 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 274 3 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 274 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 274 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 274 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 274 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 274 8 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 274 9 sprang spring VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 274 10 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 274 11 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-290 274 12 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-290 274 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 274 14 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 274 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 274 16 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 274 17 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 274 18 flocking flock VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 274 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 274 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 274 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 275 1 Authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 275 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 275 3 publishers publisher NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 275 4 looked look VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 275 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 275 6 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 275 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 275 8 cut cut VB en-wikipedia-org-290 275 9 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 275 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 275 11 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-290 275 12 sales sale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 275 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 276 1 Serialisation serialisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 276 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 276 3 periodicals periodical NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 276 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 276 5 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 276 6 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 276 7 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 276 8 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-290 276 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 276 10 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 276 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 276 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 276 13 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 276 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 277 1 Quality quality JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 277 2 illustrations illustration NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 277 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 277 4 commissioned commission VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 277 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 277 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 277 7 reputable reputable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 277 8 artists artist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 277 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 277 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 277 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 277 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 277 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 277 14 incentive incentive NN en-wikipedia-org-290 277 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 277 16 purchase purchase VB en-wikipedia-org-290 277 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 278 1 Income income NN en-wikipedia-org-290 278 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 278 3 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 278 4 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 278 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 278 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 278 7 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 278 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 278 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 278 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 278 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 278 12 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 278 13 novelists novelist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 278 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 279 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 279 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 279 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 279 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 279 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 279 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 279 7 1800s 1800s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 279 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 279 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 279 10 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-290 279 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 279 12 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 279 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 279 14 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 279 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 279 16 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 279 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 279 18 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 279 19 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 279 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 280 1 Stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 280 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 280 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 280 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 280 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-290 280 6 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 280 7 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 280 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 280 9 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 280 10 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-290 280 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 281 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 281 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 281 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 281 4 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 281 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 281 6 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 281 7 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 281 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 281 9 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 281 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 281 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 281 12 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 281 13 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 281 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 281 15 seize seize VB en-wikipedia-org-290 281 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 281 17 opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 281 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 282 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 282 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 282 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 282 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 282 6 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 282 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 282 11 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 282 12 publishers publisher NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 282 13 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 282 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 282 15 recognise recognise VB en-wikipedia-org-290 282 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 282 17 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 282 18 potential potential NN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 282 21 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 282 23 signed sign VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 282 24 deals deal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 282 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 26 gifted gifted JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 282 27 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 282 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 282 29 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-290 282 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 282 31 plethora plethora NN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 33 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 282 34 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 282 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 282 36 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 282 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 283 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 283 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 283 3 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 283 4 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 283 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 283 6 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 283 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 283 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 283 9 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 283 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 283 11 enable enable VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 283 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 283 13 printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 283 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 283 15 coloured colour VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 283 16 illustrations illustration NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 283 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 284 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 284 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 284 3 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 284 4 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 284 5 boomed boomed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 284 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 284 7 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 284 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 284 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 284 10 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 284 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 284 12 spend spend VB en-wikipedia-org-290 284 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 284 14 entertaining entertain VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 284 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 284 16 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 284 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 285 1 Moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 285 2 messaging messaging NN en-wikipedia-org-290 285 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 285 4 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-290 285 5 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 285 6 emphasised emphasise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 285 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 285 8 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 285 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 285 10 fun fun NN en-wikipedia-org-290 285 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 286 1 Classics classic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 286 2 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 286 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 286 4 tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 286 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 286 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 286 7 Brothers Brothers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 286 8 Grimm Grimm NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 286 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 286 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 286 11 fairy fairy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 286 12 tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 286 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 286 14 Hans Hans NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 286 15 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 286 16 Andersen Andersen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 286 17 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 286 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 286 19 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 286 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 286 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 286 22 printing print VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 286 23 press press NN en-wikipedia-org-290 286 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 287 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 287 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 287 4 Alice Alice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 287 6 Adventures adventure NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 287 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 287 8 Wonderland Wonderland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 287 10 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 11 Carroll Carroll NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 287 13 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 287 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 287 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 287 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 287 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 287 18 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 287 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 287 20 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 287 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 287 22 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 287 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 287 24 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 25 Makepeace Makepeace NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 26 Thackeray Thackeray NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 287 28 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 29 Kingsley Kingsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 287 31 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 32 Ingelow Ingelow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 287 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 287 35 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 36 Macdonald Macdonald NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 287 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 288 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 288 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 288 3 1880s 1880 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 288 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 288 5 juvenile juvenile JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 288 6 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 288 7 packed pack VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 288 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 288 9 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-290 288 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 288 11 adventure adventure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 288 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 288 13 commonplace commonplace JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 288 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 289 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 289 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 289 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 289 4 Fantasy Fantasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 289 5 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 289 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 289 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 289 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 289 9 monopoly monopoly NN en-wikipedia-org-290 289 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 289 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 289 12 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-290 289 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 289 14 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 289 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 289 16 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 289 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 289 18 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 289 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 290 1 Tom Tom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 290 4 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 5 Days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 290 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 290 7 1857 1857 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 290 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 290 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 10 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 11 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 290 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 290 14 noteworthy noteworthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 290 15 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 17 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 290 18 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 290 20 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 21 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 290 22 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 23 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 24 Beauty Beauty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 290 26 1877 1877 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 290 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 290 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 29 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 30 Sewell Sewell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 290 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 290 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 290 33 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 290 36 blooming blooming NN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 38 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 290 39 tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 290 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 291 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 291 3 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 5 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 291 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 291 8 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 9 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 291 10 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 291 11 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 291 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 291 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 291 16 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 291 17 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 291 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 291 20 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 21 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 291 22 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-290 291 23 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 291 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 291 25 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 291 27 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 291 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 292 1 Children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 292 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 292 3 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 292 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 292 5 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 292 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 292 7 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 292 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 292 9 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 292 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 292 11 nonsensical nonsensical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 292 12 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-290 292 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 292 14 blossomed blossom VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 292 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 292 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 292 17 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 292 18 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 292 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 293 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 293 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 293 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 293 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 5 prose prose NN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 293 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 293 8 novel novel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 9 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 293 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 293 12 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 14 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 293 15 neglect neglect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 293 18 1830s 1830s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 293 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 293 20 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-290 293 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 293 22 leading leading JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 293 23 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 293 24 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 293 27 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 293 30 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 293 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 294 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 294 2 17][84 17][84 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 294 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 294 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 294 6 1830s 1830 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 294 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 294 8 1840s 1840 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 294 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 294 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 294 11 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 294 12 novel novel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 294 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 294 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 294 16 Condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 294 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 294 20 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 294 21 novels novel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 294 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 294 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 294 24 responded respond VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 294 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 294 27 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 294 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 294 29 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 294 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 294 31 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 294 32 upheaval upheaval NN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 33 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 35 industrialisation industrialisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 294 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 295 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 295 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 295 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 295 4 Though though IN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 6 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 295 7 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 295 8 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 295 10 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 295 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 295 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 295 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 295 15 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 295 16 resurgence resurgence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 18 Gothic gothic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 295 19 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 295 22 fin fin FW en-wikipedia-org-290 295 23 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 24 siècle siècle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 295 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 295 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 29 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 30 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 31 Stevenson Stevenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 295 33 novella novella NN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 34 Strange Strange NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 35 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 37 Dr Dr NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 38 Jekyll Jekyll NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 295 40 Mr Mr NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 41 Hyde Hyde NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 295 43 1886 1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 295 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 295 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 295 46 Oscar Oscar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 47 Wilde Wilde NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 48 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 295 49 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 295 50 Picture Picture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 295 52 Dorian Dorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 53 Gray Gray NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 295 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 295 55 1891 1891 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 295 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 295 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 296 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 296 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 296 3 bicentenary bicentenary NN en-wikipedia-org-290 296 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 296 5 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 296 6 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 296 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 296 8 1769 1769 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 296 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 296 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 296 11 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 296 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 296 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 296 14 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 296 15 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 296 16 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 296 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 296 18 reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 296 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 296 20 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-290 296 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 296 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 296 23 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 296 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 296 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 297 1 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 297 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 297 3 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 297 4 Lamb Lamb NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 297 5 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 297 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 297 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 297 8 anticipated anticipate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 297 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 297 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 297 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 297 12 Tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 297 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 297 14 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 297 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 297 16 1807 1807 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 297 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 297 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 298 1 Intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 298 4 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 6 apprentice apprentice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 7 readers reader NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 298 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 298 10 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 298 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 298 13 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 298 14 playwright playwright NN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 298 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 298 17 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 18 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 298 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 298 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 298 22 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 298 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 298 24 selling sell VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 298 25 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 298 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 27 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 298 30 century,[85 century,[85 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 298 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 298 32 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 298 33 republished republish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 298 34 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 298 35 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 298 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 299 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 299 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 299 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 299 4 As as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 299 5 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-290 299 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 299 7 1830 1830 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 299 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 299 9 astronomer astronomer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 299 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 299 11 Herschel Herschel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 299 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 299 13 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-290 299 14 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 299 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 299 16 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-290 299 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 299 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 299 19 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 299 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 299 21 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 299 22 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 299 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 300 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 300 3 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 300 5 philosopher philosopher VB en-wikipedia-org-290 300 6 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 300 7 Whewell Whewell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 300 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 300 9 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 300 10 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 300 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 300 13 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 300 14 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 15 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 300 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 300 17 digests digest NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 300 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 300 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 300 21 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 300 22 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 24 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-290 300 25 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 300 26 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 28 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 29 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 300 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 300 31 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-290 300 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 300 33 connected connected JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 300 34 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 36 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 300 37 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 300 38 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 39 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 300 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 300 42 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 300 43 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 300 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 300 45 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 300 46 accomplished accomplish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 300 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 301 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 301 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 301 3 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 301 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 301 5 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-290 301 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 301 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 301 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 301 9 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 301 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 301 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 301 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 301 13 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 301 14 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 301 15 literate literate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 301 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 301 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 301 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 301 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 301 20 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 301 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 301 22 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 301 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 301 24 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 301 25 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 301 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 301 27 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 301 28 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 301 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 302 1 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 302 2 Somerville Somerville NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 302 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 302 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 302 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 302 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 302 7 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 302 8 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 302 9 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 302 10 writer writer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 302 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 302 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 302 13 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 302 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 302 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 303 1 Her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 303 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 303 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 303 4 Connexion connexion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 303 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 303 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 303 7 Physical Physical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 303 8 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 303 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 303 10 1834 1834 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 303 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 303 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 303 13 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 303 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 303 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 303 16 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-290 303 17 audience audience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 303 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 303 19 sold sell VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 303 20 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-290 303 21 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 303 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 304 2 87][88 87][88 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 304 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 304 4 Arguably arguably RB en-wikipedia-org-290 304 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 304 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 304 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 304 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 304 9 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 304 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 304 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 304 12 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 304 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 304 14 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 304 15 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 304 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 304 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 304 18 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 304 19 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 304 20 diagrams diagram NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 304 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 304 22 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 304 23 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 304 24 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 304 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 305 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 305 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 305 3 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-290 305 4 editions edition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 305 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 305 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 305 7 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 305 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 305 9 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 305 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 305 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 306 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 306 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 306 3 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-290 306 4 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 306 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 306 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 306 7 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 306 8 readers reader NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 306 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 306 10 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 306 11 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-290 306 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 306 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 306 14 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 306 15 sciences science NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 306 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 306 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 306 18 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 306 19 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 306 20 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 306 21 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 306 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 306 23 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 306 24 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 306 25 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 306 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 306 27 specialised specialised JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 306 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 307 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 307 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 307 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 307 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 307 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 307 6 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 307 7 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-290 307 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 307 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 307 10 publisher publisher NN en-wikipedia-org-290 307 11 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 307 12 Murray Murray NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 307 13 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 307 14 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 307 15 Darwin Darwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 307 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 307 17 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 307 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 307 19 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 307 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 307 21 Species Species NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 307 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 307 23 1859 1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 307 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 307 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 308 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 308 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 308 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 308 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 5 Somerville Somerville NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 308 7 rendition rendition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 9 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 308 11 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 12 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-290 308 13 Laplace Laplace NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 308 15 masterpiece masterpiece NN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 16 Mécanique Mécanique NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 17 Céleste Céleste NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 308 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 308 20 Mechanism Mechanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 308 23 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 308 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 308 25 1831 1831 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 308 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 308 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 308 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 308 29 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 308 31 inform inform VB en-wikipedia-org-290 308 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 308 33 masses masse NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 308 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 308 36 latest late JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 308 37 advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 308 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 39 Newtonian newtonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 308 40 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 308 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 308 42 gravitation gravitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 308 44 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 45 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 308 46 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 308 47 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 48 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 308 50 textbook textbook NN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 51 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 52 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 308 53 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 308 55 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 57 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 308 58 till till IN en-wikipedia-org-290 308 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 308 60 1880s 1880s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 308 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 309 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 309 2 87][89 87][89 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 309 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 309 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 309 5 abolition abolition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 309 8 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 9 stamp stamp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 10 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 12 1855 1855 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 309 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 309 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 309 15 advertising advertising NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 16 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 18 1858 1858 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 309 19 paved pave VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 309 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 309 21 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 309 24 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 309 25 cheaper cheap JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 309 26 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 309 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 309 28 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 309 29 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 309 30 catering catering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 309 33 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 309 35 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 309 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 310 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 310 3 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 310 4 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 310 5 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 310 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 310 8 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 310 9 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 310 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 310 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 310 13 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 310 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 310 15 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 310 16 flourished flourish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 310 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 310 18 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 310 19 covered cover VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 20 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 310 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 310 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 23 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 310 24 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 310 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 310 26 reflecting reflect VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 310 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 310 28 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 29 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 30 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 310 31 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 310 33 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 310 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 311 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 311 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 311 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 311 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 311 5 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 311 6 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 7 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 8 dedicated dedicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 311 11 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 311 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 311 13 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 311 15 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 311 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 311 17 investigation investigation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 19 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 20 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 311 21 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 22 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 311 24 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 311 25 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 311 26 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 311 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 311 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 312 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 312 2 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 3 inspired inspire VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 312 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 5 Dickens Dickens NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 312 7 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-290 312 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 312 9 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 10 novel novel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 11 Bleak Bleak NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 12 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 312 14 1852–3 1852–3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 312 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 312 17 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 312 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 312 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 312 20 fictional fictional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 312 21 detective detective NN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 312 23 Mr. Mr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 24 Bucket Bucket NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 312 26 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 312 29 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 312 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 312 31 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 32 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 312 35 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 312 37 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 38 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 312 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 313 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 313 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 313 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 313 4 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 313 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 313 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 313 7 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 313 8 Conan Conan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 313 9 Doyle Doyle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 313 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 313 11 Sherlock Sherlock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 313 12 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 313 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 313 14 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 313 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 313 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 313 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 313 18 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 313 19 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 313 20 fictional fictional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 313 21 detective detective NN en-wikipedia-org-290 313 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 313 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 313 24 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 313 25 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 313 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 313 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 313 28 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-290 313 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 313 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 313 31 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 313 32 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 313 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 314 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 314 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 314 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 314 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 314 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 314 6 1860s 1860 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 314 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 314 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 314 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 314 10 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 314 11 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 314 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 314 13 adventure adventure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 314 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 314 15 detective detective NN en-wikipedia-org-290 314 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 314 17 sensational sensational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 314 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 314 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 314 20 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 314 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 314 22 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 314 23 novels novel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 314 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 315 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 315 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 315 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 315 4 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-290 315 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 315 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 315 7 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 315 8 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 315 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 10 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 315 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 315 12 tremendous tremendous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 315 13 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 15 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 315 16 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 315 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 315 19 inspired inspire VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 315 20 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 315 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 315 22 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-290 315 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 315 25 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 27 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 28 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 315 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 316 1 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 316 2 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 316 3 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 316 4 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 316 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 316 6 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 316 7 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 316 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 316 9 1895 1895 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 316 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 316 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 316 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 316 13 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 316 14 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-290 316 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 316 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 316 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 316 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 316 19 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 316 20 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 316 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 316 22 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 316 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 316 24 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 316 25 travel travel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 316 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 317 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 317 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 317 3 instances instance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 317 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 317 5 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 317 6 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 317 7 inspired inspire VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 317 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 317 9 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 317 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 317 11 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 317 12 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 317 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 318 1 Explorer Explorer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 318 2 Ernest Ernest NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 318 3 Shackleton Shackleton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 318 4 acknowledged acknowledge VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 318 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 318 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 318 7 novel novel JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 318 8 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 318 9 Thousand Thousand NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 318 10 Leagues Leagues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 318 11 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 318 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 318 13 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 318 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 318 15 Jules Jules NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 318 16 Vernes Vernes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 318 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 318 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 318 19 inspiration inspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 318 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 319 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 319 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 319 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 319 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 319 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 319 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 7 investigated investigate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 319 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 319 9 frequency frequency NN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 319 12 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 319 13 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 319 16 WORDSUM WORDSUM NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 319 17 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 319 19 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 21 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-290 319 22 5.9 5.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 319 23 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 319 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 319 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 319 26 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 27 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 319 28 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 29 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 319 30 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 319 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 319 32 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 319 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 320 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 320 2 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 320 3 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 320 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 320 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 320 7 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 320 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 9 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 320 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 320 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 12 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 320 13 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 320 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 320 16 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 320 17 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 320 20 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 320 23 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 320 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 320 25 completed complete VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 320 26 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 320 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 321 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 321 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 321 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 321 4 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 321 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 321 6 simpler simple JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 321 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 321 8 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 321 9 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 321 10 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 321 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 321 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 321 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 321 14 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 321 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 321 16 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 321 17 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 321 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 322 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 322 2 93][94 93][94 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 322 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 322 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 5 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 322 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 322 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 9 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 322 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 322 11 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 322 12 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 13 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 322 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 322 15 Ngram Ngram NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 322 16 Viewer Viewer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 322 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 322 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 322 19 enormous enormous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 322 20 archive archive NN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 22 scanned scan VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 23 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 322 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 322 25 periodicals periodical NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 322 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 322 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 322 28 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 322 29 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 30 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 322 31 dating date VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 322 32 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-290 322 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 322 35 sixteenth sixteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 322 36 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 322 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 323 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 323 2 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 323 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 323 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 323 5 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 323 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 323 7 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 323 8 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-290 323 9 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 323 10 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 323 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 323 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 323 13 mid-1700s mid-1700 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 323 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 323 15 mid-1800s mid-1800 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 323 16 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 323 17 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 323 18 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 323 19 till till IN en-wikipedia-org-290 323 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 323 21 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 323 22 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-290 323 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 324 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 324 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 324 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 324 4 Entertainment Entertainment NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 324 5 Pablo Pablo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 324 6 Fanque Fanque NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 324 7 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 324 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 324 9 Astley Astley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 324 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 324 11 Amphitheatre Amphitheatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 324 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 324 13 1847 1847 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 324 14 Llandudno Llandudno NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 324 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 324 16 1856 1856 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 324 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 325 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 325 3 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 325 6 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 7 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 325 9 seaside seaside JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 325 10 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 325 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 325 12 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 325 13 destinations destination NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 325 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 15 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 325 16 holiday holiday NN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 17 makers maker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 325 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 325 19 Epsom Epsom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 325 20 Derby Derby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 325 21 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-290 325 22 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 24 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 325 25 Pollard Pollard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 325 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 325 27 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 28 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 325 29 Popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 325 30 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 325 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 32 entertainment entertainment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 33 varied vary VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 35 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 325 36 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 325 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 326 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 326 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 326 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 326 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 326 6 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 326 7 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 326 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 326 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 326 11 interested interested JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 326 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 13 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 326 15 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 326 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 326 18 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 326 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 326 20 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 326 21 Aesthetic aesthetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 326 22 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 326 24 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 326 25 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 326 26 Raphaelite Raphaelite NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 326 27 Brotherhood Brotherhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 326 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 326 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 326 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 326 31 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 326 33 drama drama NN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 326 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 326 36 opera opera NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 326 37 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 326 38 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 326 39 attended attend VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 326 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 327 1 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 327 2 Balfe Balfe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 327 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 327 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 327 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 327 6 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 7 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 8 grand grand JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 9 opera opera NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 327 10 composer composer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 327 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 327 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 327 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 327 18 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 19 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 20 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 327 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 327 23 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 25 fourteen fourteen CD en-wikipedia-org-290 327 26 comic comic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 27 operas opera NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 327 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 29 Gilbert Gilbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 327 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 327 31 Sullivan Sullivan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 327 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 327 33 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 34 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 327 35 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 327 36 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 327 37 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 38 burlesque burlesque NN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 327 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 327 41 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 43 Edwardian edwardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 44 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 327 45 comedy comedy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 327 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 327 48 1890s 1890s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 327 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 328 1 Drama Drama NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 328 2 ranged range VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 328 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 328 4 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 328 5 comedy comedy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 328 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 328 7 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 328 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 328 9 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 328 10 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 328 11 Irving Irving NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 328 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 328 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 329 1 Melodrama Melodrama NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 329 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 329 3 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 329 4 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 329 5 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 329 6 drama'—was drama'—wa VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 329 7 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 329 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 329 9 Revolutionary Revolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 329 10 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 329 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 329 12 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 329 13 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 329 14 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 329 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 329 16 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-290 329 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 329 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 329 19 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 329 20 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 329 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 330 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 330 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 330 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 330 4 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 330 5 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 330 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 330 7 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 330 8 theatrical theatrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 330 9 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 330 10 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 330 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 330 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 330 13 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 330 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 330 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 330 16 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 330 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 330 18 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 330 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 330 20 artisans artisan NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 330 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 331 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 331 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 331 3 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 331 4 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 331 5 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 331 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 331 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 331 8 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 331 9 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 331 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 331 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 332 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 332 2 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 332 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 332 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 332 5 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 332 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 332 7 influence influence VB en-wikipedia-org-290 332 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 332 9 novels novel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 332 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 332 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 332 12 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 332 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 333 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 333 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 333 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 333 4 Gentlemen gentleman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 333 5 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 333 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 333 7 dining dining NN en-wikipedia-org-290 333 8 clubs club NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 333 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 333 10 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 333 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 333 12 Beefsteak Beefsteak NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 333 13 Club Club NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 333 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 333 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 333 16 Savage Savage NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 333 17 Club Club NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 333 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 334 1 Gambling gamble VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 334 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 3 cards card NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 334 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 5 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 334 6 popularly popularly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 334 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 8 casinos casino NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 334 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 334 10 wildly wildly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 334 11 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 334 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 334 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 334 16 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 334 17 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 334 18 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 334 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 20 evangelical evangelical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 334 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 334 22 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 23 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 334 24 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 334 25 targeted target VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 334 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 334 27 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 334 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 334 30 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 334 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 334 32 stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-290 334 33 gambling gambling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 334 35 drinking drinking NN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 334 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 334 38 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 334 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 335 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 335 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 335 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 335 4 Brass brass NN en-wikipedia-org-290 335 5 bands band NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 335 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 335 7 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 335 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 335 9 Bandstand Bandstand NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 335 10 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 335 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 335 12 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 335 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 335 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 335 15 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 335 16 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 335 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 336 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 336 2 bandstand bandstand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 336 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 336 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 336 5 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 336 6 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 336 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 336 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 336 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 336 10 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 336 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 336 12 ornamental ornamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 336 13 focal focal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 336 14 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-290 336 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 336 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 336 17 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 336 18 acoustic acoustic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 336 19 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 336 20 whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-290 336 21 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 336 22 shelter shelter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 336 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 336 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 336 25 changeable changeable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 336 26 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 336 27 weather weather NN en-wikipedia-org-290 336 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 337 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 337 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 337 3 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 337 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 337 5 hear hear VB en-wikipedia-org-290 337 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 337 7 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-290 337 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 337 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 337 10 brass brass NN en-wikipedia-org-290 337 11 band band NN en-wikipedia-org-290 337 12 whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-290 337 13 strolling stroll VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 337 14 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 337 15 parklands parkland NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 337 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 338 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 338 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 338 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 338 4 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 338 5 recording recording NN en-wikipedia-org-290 338 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 338 7 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-290 338 8 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 338 9 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 338 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 338 11 novelty novelty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 338 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 339 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 339 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 339 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 339 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 339 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 339 6 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 339 7 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 339 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 339 9 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 339 10 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 339 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 339 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 339 13 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 339 14 circus circus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 339 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 340 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 340 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 340 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 340 4 Astley Astley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 340 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 340 6 Amphitheatre Amphitheatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 340 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 340 8 Lambeth Lambeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 340 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 340 10 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 340 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 340 12 featuring feature VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 340 13 equestrian equestrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 340 14 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 340 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 340 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 340 17 42-foot 42-foot CD en-wikipedia-org-290 340 18 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 340 19 circus circus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 340 20 ring ring NN en-wikipedia-org-290 340 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 340 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 340 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 340 24 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-290 340 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 340 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 340 27 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 340 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 340 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 340 30 circus circus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 340 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 341 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 341 2 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 341 3 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 4 sustained sustain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 341 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 341 6 fires fire NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 341 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 341 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 341 10 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 11 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 341 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 341 13 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 341 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 341 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 17 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 341 18 Ducrow Ducrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 341 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 341 20 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 341 21 Batty Batty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 341 22 managing manage VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 341 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 341 24 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 341 27 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 341 28 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 341 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 341 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 342 1 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 2 Batty Batty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 3 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 342 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 342 5 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 342 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 342 7 14,000-person 14,000-person CD en-wikipedia-org-290 342 8 arena arena NN en-wikipedia-org-290 342 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 342 10 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 342 11 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 342 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 342 13 Batty Batty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 342 15 Hippodrome Hippodrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 342 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 342 18 Kensington Kensington NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 19 Gardens Gardens NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 342 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 342 22 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-290 342 23 crowds crowd NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 342 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 342 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 342 26 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 27 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 28 Exhibition Exhibition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 342 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 343 1 Traveling travel VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 343 2 circuses circus NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 343 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 343 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 5 Pablo Pablo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 6 Fanque Fanque NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 343 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 343 9 dominated dominate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 343 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 343 11 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 343 12 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 343 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 343 14 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 343 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 343 17 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 343 19 Fanque Fanque NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 20 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 343 21 enjoy enjoy VB en-wikipedia-org-290 343 22 fame fame NN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 23 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-290 343 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 343 26 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 343 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 28 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 343 29 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 30 Lennon Lennon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 31 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 343 32 buy buy VB en-wikipedia-org-290 343 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 343 34 1843 1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 343 35 poster poster NN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 36 advertising advertise VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 343 37 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 343 38 circus circus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 343 40 adapt adapt VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 343 42 lyrics lyric NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 343 43 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 44 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 343 45 Beatles Beatles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 343 46 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 343 48 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 343 49 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 343 51 Benefit Benefit NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 343 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 343 53 Mr. Mr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 344 1 Kite Kite NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 344 2 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-290 344 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 344 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 345 1 Fanque Fanque NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 345 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 345 3 stands stand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 345 4 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 345 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 345 7 black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 345 8 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 345 10 achieved achieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 345 11 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 345 12 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 345 14 enjoyed enjoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 345 15 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 345 16 admiration admiration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 17 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 345 19 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 345 20 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 21 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 345 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 345 23 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 345 24 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 345 25 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 26 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 345 27 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 345 28 abolished abolish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 29 slavery slavery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 345 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 346 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 346 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 346 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 346 4 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 346 5 Ale Ale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 346 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 346 7 1844 1844 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 346 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 346 9 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 346 10 Octavius Octavius NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 346 11 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 346 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 346 13 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 346 14 Adamson Adamson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 346 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 347 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 347 2 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 4 entertainment entertainment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 5 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 347 7 spectacles spectacle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 347 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 347 9 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 347 10 paranormal paranormal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 347 11 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 347 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 347 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 347 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 15 mesmerism mesmerism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 347 17 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 347 20 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 347 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 347 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 23 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 25 mediumship mediumship NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 347 27 channeling channeling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 347 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 347 30 ghost ghost NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 31 conjuring conjuring NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 347 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 347 34 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 347 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 347 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 347 37 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 38 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 347 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 347 41 delight delight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 347 43 crowds crowd NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 347 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 347 45 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 347 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 348 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 348 2 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 348 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 348 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 348 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 348 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 348 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 348 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 348 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 348 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 348 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 348 12 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 348 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 348 14 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 348 15 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 348 16 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 348 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 349 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 349 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 349 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 349 4 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 349 5 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 349 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 349 7 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 349 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 349 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 349 10 amateur amateur JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 349 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 349 12 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 349 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 350 1 Particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 350 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 350 3 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 350 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 350 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 350 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 350 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 350 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 350 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 350 10 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 350 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 350 12 specialist specialist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 350 13 hobbies hobby NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 350 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 350 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 350 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 350 17 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 350 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 350 19 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 350 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 350 21 butterflies butterfly NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 350 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 350 23 seashells seashells NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 350 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 350 25 malacology malacology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 350 26 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 350 27 conchology conchology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 350 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 350 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 350 30 beetles beetle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 350 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 350 32 wildflowers wildflower NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 350 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 351 1 Amateur amateur NN en-wikipedia-org-290 351 2 collectors collector NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 351 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 351 4 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 351 5 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 351 6 entrepreneurs entrepreneur NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 351 7 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 351 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 351 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 351 10 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-290 351 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 351 12 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 351 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 351 14 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 351 15 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 351 16 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 351 17 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 351 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 351 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 351 20 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 351 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 351 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 351 23 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 351 24 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 351 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 352 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 352 2 101][102 101][102 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 352 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 352 4 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 352 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 352 6 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 352 7 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 352 8 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 352 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 352 10 train train NN en-wikipedia-org-290 352 11 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 352 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 352 13 visit visit VB en-wikipedia-org-290 352 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 352 15 seaside seaside NN en-wikipedia-org-290 352 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 352 17 helped help VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 352 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 352 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 352 20 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 352 21 Holiday Holiday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 352 22 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 352 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 352 24 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 352 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 352 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 352 27 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 352 28 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 352 29 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 352 30 holidays holiday NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 352 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 353 1 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 353 2 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 353 3 traveling travel VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 353 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 5 quiet quiet JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 353 6 fishing fishing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 7 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 353 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 353 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 10 Worthing Worthing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 353 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 353 12 Morecambe Morecambe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 353 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 353 14 Scarborough Scarborough NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 353 15 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 353 16 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 353 17 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 353 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 19 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 353 20 tourist tourist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 21 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 353 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 353 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 353 24 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 353 25 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 26 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 353 27 Cook Cook NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 353 28 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 353 29 tourism tourism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 353 31 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 353 32 overseas overseas JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 353 33 travel travel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 353 35 viable viable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 353 36 businesses business NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 353 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 354 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 354 2 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 354 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 354 4 Sports Sports NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 354 8 Sport sport NN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 354 11 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 12 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 13 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 354 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 15 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 16 Rugby Rugby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 17 football football NN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 18 match match NN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 20 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 354 22 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 354 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 354 24 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 25 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 354 26 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 354 27 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 354 28 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 29 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 354 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 354 31 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 354 33 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 354 35 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 354 36 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 354 37 sports sport NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 354 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 355 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 355 2 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 355 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 355 4 Often often RB en-wikipedia-org-290 355 5 originating originate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 355 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 355 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 355 8 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 355 9 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 355 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 355 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 355 12 exemplified exemplify VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 355 13 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 355 14 ideals ideal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 355 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 355 16 manliness manliness NN en-wikipedia-org-290 355 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 356 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 356 2 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 356 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 356 4 Cricket,[106 Cricket,[106 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 356 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 356 6 cycling cycling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 356 8 croquet croquet NN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 356 10 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 356 12 riding riding NN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 356 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 356 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 356 16 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 17 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 356 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 356 19 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 356 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 21 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 356 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 356 24 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 356 25 sports sport NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 356 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 356 28 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 356 29 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 356 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 357 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 357 2 107 107 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 357 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 357 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 357 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 357 6 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-290 357 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 357 8 tennis tennis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 357 9 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 357 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 357 11 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 357 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 357 13 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 357 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 357 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 357 16 1859 1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 357 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 357 18 1865 1865 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 357 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 358 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 358 2 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 358 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 358 4 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 358 5 tennis tennis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 358 6 tournament tournament NN en-wikipedia-org-290 358 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 358 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 358 9 Wimbledon Wimbledon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 358 10 championships championship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 358 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 358 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 358 13 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-290 358 14 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 358 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 358 16 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 358 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 358 18 1877 1877 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 358 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 359 1 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 359 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 359 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 359 4 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 359 5 competitor competitor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 359 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 359 7 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-290 359 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 359 9 Olympic Olympic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 359 10 Games Games NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 359 11 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 359 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 359 13 1896 1896 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 359 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 360 1 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 2 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 3 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 360 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 360 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 360 6 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 7 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 9 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 10 decorative decorative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 11 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 360 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 13 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 14 fashion fashion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 16 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 17 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 360 20 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 21 painting paint VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 360 22 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 360 23 picture picture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 25 Leadenhall Leadenhall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 26 Street Street NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 28 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 30 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 31 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 360 32 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 360 33 Poultry Poultry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 34 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 36 Salisbury Salisbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 38 painted paint VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 40 Louise Louise NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 41 Rayner Rayner NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 43 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 44 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 360 45 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 46 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 47 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 48 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 360 49 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 360 50 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 51 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 360 53 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 360 55 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 360 56 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 360 58 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 360 61 Styles Styles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 360 62 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 360 63 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 360 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 360 65 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 360 66 ideals ideal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 360 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 361 1 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 361 2 Barry Barry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 361 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 361 4 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 361 7 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 361 8 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 361 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 10 Westminster Westminster NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 361 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 361 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 361 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 361 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 15 badly badly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 361 16 damaged damage VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 361 19 1834 1834 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 361 20 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 361 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 361 23 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 361 26 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 361 27 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 29 Westminster Westminster NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 361 30 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 361 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 361 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 361 33 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 361 34 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 361 37 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-290 361 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 362 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 2 constructed construct VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 362 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 362 4 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 6 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 362 7 continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 362 9 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 11 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 362 14 violent violent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 362 15 disjunctions disjunction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 362 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 17 Revolutionary Revolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 18 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 362 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 362 21 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 362 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 362 25 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 362 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 28 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 30 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 31 Carlyle Carlyle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 362 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 362 34 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 35 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 36 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 362 37 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 362 38 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 362 40 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 41 Dickens Dickens NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 42 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 362 43 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 44 Expectations Expectations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 362 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 362 46 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 362 47 Tale Tale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 362 49 Two Two NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 362 50 Cities Cities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 362 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 363 1 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 363 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 363 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 363 4 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 363 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 363 6 critic critic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 363 7 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 363 8 Ruskin Ruskin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 363 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 363 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 363 11 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 363 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 363 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 363 14 epitomised epitomise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 363 15 communal communal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 363 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 363 17 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 363 18 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 363 19 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 363 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 363 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 363 22 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 363 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 363 24 Classicism Classicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 363 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 363 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 363 27 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 363 28 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 363 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 363 30 epitomise epitomise VB en-wikipedia-org-290 363 31 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 363 32 standardisation standardisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 363 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 364 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 364 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 364 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 364 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 364 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 364 6 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 364 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 364 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 364 9 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 364 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 364 11 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 364 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 364 13 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 364 14 Exhibition Exhibition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 364 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 364 16 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 364 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 364 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 364 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 364 20 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 364 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 364 22 Fair Fair NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 364 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 364 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 364 25 showcased showcase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 364 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 364 27 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 364 28 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 364 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 364 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 364 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 364 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 365 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 365 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 365 3 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 365 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 365 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 365 6 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 365 7 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 365 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 365 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 365 10 modular modular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 365 11 glass glass NN en-wikipedia-org-290 365 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 365 13 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-290 365 14 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 365 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 365 16 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 365 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 365 18 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 365 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 365 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 365 21 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-290 365 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 366 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 366 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 366 3 condemned condemn VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 5 Ruskin Ruskin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 366 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 366 8 very very JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 366 9 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 11 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 366 12 dehumanisation dehumanisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 14 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 366 16 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 366 17 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 366 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 366 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 366 20 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 366 23 prototype prototype NN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 25 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 366 26 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 366 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 367 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 367 2 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 4 photography photography NN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 367 6 showcased showcase VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 367 9 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 367 10 Exhibition Exhibition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 367 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 367 12 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 367 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 14 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 367 15 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 367 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 17 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 367 18 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 20 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 367 21 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 367 22 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 367 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 367 24 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 367 25 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 367 26 monarch monarch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 367 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 367 29 photographed photograph VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 367 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 368 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 368 2 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 368 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 368 4 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 368 5 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 368 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 368 7 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 368 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 368 9 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 368 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 368 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 368 12 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 368 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 368 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 368 15 Classicism Classicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 368 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 368 17 Neoclassicism Neoclassicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 368 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 368 19 Romanticism Romanticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 368 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 368 21 Impressionism Impressionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 368 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 368 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 368 24 Post post NN en-wikipedia-org-290 368 25 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-290 368 26 impressionism impressionism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 368 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 369 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 2 1848 1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 369 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 369 4 Dante Dante NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 5 Rossetti Rossetti NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 369 7 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 8 Holman Holman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 9 Hunt Hunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 10 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 369 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 369 12 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 369 14 Raphaelite Raphaelite NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 15 Brotherhood Brotherhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 16 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 369 17 stated stated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 369 18 aim aim NN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 369 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 369 21 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-290 369 22 paintings painting NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 369 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 24 photographic photographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 369 25 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 369 27 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 369 28 inspiration inspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 369 31 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 33 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 369 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 369 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 369 37 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 369 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 39 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 40 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 369 42 Mother Mother NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 43 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 44 herself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 369 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 370 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 370 2 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 370 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 370 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 370 5 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 370 6 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 370 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 370 8 romantic romantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 370 9 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-290 370 10 spilled spill VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 370 11 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-290 370 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 370 13 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 370 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 370 15 fine fine JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 370 16 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 370 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 371 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 371 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 371 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 371 4 Gallery Gallery NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 371 6 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 371 7 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 371 8 paintings painting NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 371 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 371 10 Hireling hireling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 371 11 Shepherd shepherd NN en-wikipedia-org-290 371 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 371 13 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 371 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 371 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 371 16 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 17 Holman Holman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 18 Hunt Hunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 19 Monarch Monarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 371 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 371 22 Glen Glen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 371 24 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 371 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 371 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 371 27 Edwin Edwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 28 Landseer Landseer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 29 Prosperpine Prosperpine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 371 31 1874 1874 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 371 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 371 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 371 34 Dante Dante NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 35 Rossetti Rossetti NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 371 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 372 1 Miranda Miranda NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 372 3 1875 1875 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 372 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 372 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 372 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 7 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 8 Waterhouse Waterhouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 9 Biondina Biondina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 372 11 1879 1879 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 372 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 372 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 372 14 Frederick Frederick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 15 Leighton Leighton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 16 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 17 Hopeless Hopeless NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 18 Dawn Dawn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 372 20 1888 1888 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 372 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 372 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 372 23 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 24 Bramley Bramley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 372 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 373 1 Titania Titania NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 2 Sleeping sleep VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 373 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 373 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 373 5 Moonlight Moonlight NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 6 Protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 373 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 373 8 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 373 9 Fairies Fairies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 373 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 373 11 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 12 Simmons Simmons NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 373 14 inspired inspire VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 373 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 373 16 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 373 18 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 19 Midsummer Midsummer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 20 Night Night NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 373 22 Dream Dream NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 373 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 374 1 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 374 2 Speed Speed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 374 3 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-290 375 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 375 2 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 375 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 375 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 5 Edmund Edmund NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 6 Leighton Leighton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 8 wounded wound VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 9 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 375 10 officer officer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 11 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 375 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 13 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 375 15 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 18 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 21 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 22 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 23 Journalism Journalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 24 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 25 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 375 27 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 29 journalism journalism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 32 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 33 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 34 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 35 1817 1817 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 375 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 375 37 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 38 Barnes Barnes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 375 39 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 375 40 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 375 41 editor editor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 43 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 44 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 375 46 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 375 47 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 375 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 49 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 375 50 radical radical NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 375 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 53 sharp sharp JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 375 54 critic critic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 56 parliamentary parliamentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 375 57 hypocrisy hypocrisy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 375 59 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 60 champion champion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 62 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 375 65 press press NN en-wikipedia-org-290 375 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 376 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 376 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 376 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 376 4 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 5 Barnes Barnes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 376 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 376 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 376 8 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 10 1841 1841 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 376 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 376 12 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 376 13 Thadeus Thadeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 376 14 Delane Delane NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 376 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 376 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 376 17 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 376 20 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 376 21 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 376 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 23 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 376 24 heights height NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 376 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 376 26 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 376 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 28 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 376 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 376 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 376 32 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 376 33 district district NN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 376 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 376 36 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 376 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 376 38 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 376 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 376 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 377 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 377 2 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 377 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 377 4 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 377 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 378 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 378 2 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 378 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 378 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 378 5 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 378 6 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 378 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 378 8 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 378 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 378 10 sending send VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 378 11 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-290 378 12 correspondents correspondent NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 378 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 378 14 cover cover VB en-wikipedia-org-290 378 15 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 378 16 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 378 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 379 1 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 379 2 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 379 3 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 379 4 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 379 5 immensely immensely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 379 6 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 379 7 dispatches dispatch NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 379 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 379 10 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 379 11 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 379 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 13 1853–1856 1853–1856 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 379 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 379 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 379 17 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 379 18 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 379 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 379 21 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 22 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 379 23 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-290 379 24 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 379 26 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 28 warfare warfare NN en-wikipedia-org-290 379 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 380 1 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 380 2 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 380 3 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 380 4 dispatch dispatch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 380 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 380 6 highlighted highlight VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 380 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 380 8 surgeons surgeon NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 380 9 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 380 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 380 11 inhumane inhumane JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 380 12 barbarity barbarity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 380 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 380 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 380 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 380 16 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-290 380 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 380 18 ambulance ambulance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 380 19 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-290 380 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 380 21 wounded wound VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 380 22 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 380 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 381 1 Shocked shock VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 381 3 outraged outraged JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 381 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 381 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 381 6 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 7 reacted react VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 381 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 381 10 backlash backlash NN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 381 12 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 381 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 14 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 381 15 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 381 16 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 381 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 381 19 provision provision NN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 21 nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 381 23 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 381 25 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 381 26 Nightingale Nightingale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 381 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 382 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 382 2 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 382 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 382 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 382 5 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 382 6 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 382 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 382 8 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 382 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 382 10 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 382 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 382 12 1821 1821 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 382 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 382 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 382 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 382 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 382 17 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 382 18 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 382 19 conformist conformist JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 382 20 businessmen businessman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 382 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 383 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 383 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 383 3 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 383 4 editor editor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 383 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 383 6 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 383 7 Prestwich Prestwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 383 8 Scott Scott NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 383 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 383 10 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 383 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 383 12 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 383 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 383 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 383 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 383 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 383 17 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 383 18 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 383 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 383 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 383 21 1890s 1890s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 383 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 384 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 384 2 Daily Daily NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 384 3 Telegraph Telegraph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 384 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 384 5 1856 1856 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 384 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 384 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 384 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 384 9 penny penny NN en-wikipedia-org-290 384 10 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 384 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 384 12 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 384 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 385 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 385 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 385 3 funded fund VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 385 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 385 5 advertising advertising NN en-wikipedia-org-290 385 6 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-290 385 7 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 385 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 385 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 385 10 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 385 11 audience audience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 385 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 386 1 Leisure leisure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 2 Opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 386 5 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 6 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 7 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 9 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 386 10 Ramsgate Ramsgate NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 11 beach beach NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 13 1899 1899 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 386 14 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 15 mid mid NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 16 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 386 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 386 20 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 386 23 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 386 24 amphitheatre amphitheatre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 26 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 386 27 performances performance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 386 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 386 29 conferences conference NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 386 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 386 32 learned learn VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 33 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 386 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 386 35 imagination imagination NN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 386 38 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 386 39 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 40 Cole Cole NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 386 42 Secretary Secretary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 386 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 386 45 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 386 47 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 48 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 386 50 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 386 51 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 386 52 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 53 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 386 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 387 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 387 2 1857 1857 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 387 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 387 4 Cole Cole NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 387 5 planned plan VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 387 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 387 7 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 387 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 387 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 387 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 387 11 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 387 12 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-290 387 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 387 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 387 15 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 387 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 387 17 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-290 387 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 387 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 388 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 388 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 388 3 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 388 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 388 5 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 388 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 388 7 1861 1861 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 388 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 388 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 388 10 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-290 388 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 388 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 388 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 388 14 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 388 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 388 16 commemorating commemorate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 388 17 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 388 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 389 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 389 2 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 389 3 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 389 4 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 389 5 opened open VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 389 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 389 7 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 389 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 389 9 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 389 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 390 1 Lieutenant Lieutenant NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 390 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 390 3 Colonel Colonel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 390 4 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 390 5 Scott Scott NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 390 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 390 7 R.E. R.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 390 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 390 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 390 10 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 390 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 390 12 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 390 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 390 14 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 390 15 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 390 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 390 17 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 390 18 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-290 390 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 390 20 7,165 7,165 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 390 21 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 390 22 plus plus CC en-wikipedia-org-290 390 23 1,200 1,200 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 390 24 performers performer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 390 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 390 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 390 27 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 390 28 limit limit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 390 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 390 30 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 390 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 391 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 391 2 desired desire VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 391 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 391 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 391 5 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 391 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 391 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 391 8 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 391 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 391 10 rely rely VB en-wikipedia-org-290 391 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 391 12 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 391 13 funds fund NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 391 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 391 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 391 16 purely purely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 391 17 privately privately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 391 18 funded funded JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 391 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 392 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 392 2 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 392 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 392 4 Opportunities opportunity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 392 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 392 6 leisure leisure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 392 7 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 392 8 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 392 9 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 392 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 392 11 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 392 12 wages wage NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 392 13 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 392 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 392 15 grow grow VB en-wikipedia-org-290 392 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 392 17 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 392 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 392 19 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 392 20 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 392 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 392 22 decline decline VB en-wikipedia-org-290 392 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 393 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 2 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 393 3 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 393 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 393 5 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-290 393 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 393 7 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 8 workday workday NN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 393 10 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 393 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 393 12 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 393 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 393 15 Factory Factory NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 393 16 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 393 17 1874 1874 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 393 18 limited limit VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 393 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 393 20 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 393 21 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 23 56.5 56.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 393 24 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 393 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 393 26 encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 393 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 393 28 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 29 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 393 31 eventual eventual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 393 32 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-290 393 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 393 34 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 35 workday workday NN en-wikipedia-org-290 393 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 394 1 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-290 394 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 394 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 394 4 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 394 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 394 6 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 394 7 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 394 8 holidays holiday NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 394 9 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 394 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 394 11 play play NN en-wikipedia-org-290 394 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 394 13 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 394 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 394 15 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 394 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 394 17 collar collar NN en-wikipedia-org-290 394 18 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 394 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 394 20 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 394 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 394 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 394 23 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 394 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 394 25 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 394 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 395 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 395 2 113][114 113][114 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 395 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 395 5 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 395 6 seaside seaside NN en-wikipedia-org-290 395 7 resorts resort NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 8 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 395 9 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 395 11 cheap cheap JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 395 12 hotels hotel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 395 14 inexpensive inexpensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 395 15 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 395 16 fares fare NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 395 18 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 395 19 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-290 395 20 holidays holiday NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 395 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 395 23 fading fading NN en-wikipedia-org-290 395 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 395 25 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 395 26 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 395 27 prohibitions prohibition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 28 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 395 29 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 395 30 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 395 32 Sundays Sundays NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 395 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 396 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 396 2 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 396 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 396 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 396 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 396 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 396 7 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 396 8 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 396 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 396 10 leisure leisure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 396 11 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 396 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 396 13 emerged emerge VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 396 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 396 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 396 16 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 396 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 397 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 397 2 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 397 3 scheduled scheduled JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 397 4 entertainment entertainment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 397 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 397 6 suitable suitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 397 7 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-290 397 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 397 9 convenient convenient JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 397 10 locales locale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 397 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 397 12 inexpensive inexpensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 397 13 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 397 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 398 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 398 2 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 398 3 sporting sporting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 398 4 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 398 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 398 6 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-290 398 7 halls hall NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 398 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 398 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 398 10 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 398 11 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 398 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 399 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 399 2 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 399 3 football football NN en-wikipedia-org-290 399 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 399 5 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-290 399 6 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 399 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 399 8 preserve preserve NN en-wikipedia-org-290 399 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 399 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 399 11 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 399 12 elite elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 399 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 399 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 399 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 399 16 attracted attract VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 399 17 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 399 18 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 399 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 399 20 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 399 21 audiences audience NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 399 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 400 1 Average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 400 2 attendance attendance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 400 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 400 4 5000 5000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 400 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 400 6 1905 1905 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 400 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 400 8 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 400 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 400 10 23,000 23,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 400 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 400 12 1913 1913 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 400 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 401 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 401 2 amounted amount VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 401 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 401 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 401 5 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 401 6 paying pay VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 401 7 customers customer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 401 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 401 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 401 10 weekly weekly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 401 11 turnover turnover NN en-wikipedia-org-290 401 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 401 13 £ £ $ en-wikipedia-org-290 401 14 400,000 400,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 401 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 402 1 Sports sport NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 402 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 402 3 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 402 4 generated generate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 402 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 402 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 402 7 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 402 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 402 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 402 10 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 402 11 gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 402 12 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 402 13 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-290 402 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 403 1 Professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 403 2 sports sport NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 403 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 403 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 403 5 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-290 403 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 403 7 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 403 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 403 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 403 10 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 403 11 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 403 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 403 13 upscale upscale JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 403 14 amateur amateur NN en-wikipedia-org-290 403 15 audience audience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 403 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 403 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 403 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 403 19 lawn lawn NN en-wikipedia-org-290 403 20 tennis tennis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 403 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 403 22 golf golf NN en-wikipedia-org-290 403 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 404 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 404 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 404 3 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 404 4 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 404 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 404 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 404 7 sports sport NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 404 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 404 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 404 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 404 11 archery archery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 404 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 404 13 tennis tennis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 404 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 404 15 badminton badminton NN en-wikipedia-org-290 404 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 404 17 gymnastics gymnastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 404 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 405 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 405 2 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 405 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 405 4 Demographics Demographics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 405 5 Demographic Demographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 405 6 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 405 7 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 405 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 405 9 magazine magazine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 405 10 ad ad NN en-wikipedia-org-290 405 11 links link VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 405 12 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 405 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 405 14 temperance temperance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 405 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 406 1 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 406 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 406 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 406 4 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-290 406 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 406 6 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 406 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 406 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 406 9 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 406 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 406 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 407 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 407 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 407 5 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 407 6 Malthus Malthus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 407 7 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 407 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 407 9 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 12 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 13 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 407 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 407 15 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 407 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 407 17 carrying carrying NN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 18 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 407 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 407 21 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 407 22 environments environment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 407 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 408 1 That that RB en-wikipedia-org-290 408 2 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-290 408 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 408 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 408 5 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 408 8 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 408 10 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-290 408 11 geometrically geometrically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 408 12 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 13 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 408 14 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 408 15 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 408 16 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 408 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 408 18 reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 408 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 408 20 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 408 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 408 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 24 famine famine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 408 26 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 408 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 408 29 epidemic epidemic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 408 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 408 32 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 408 33 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-290 408 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 408 35 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 408 38 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 408 39 sustainable sustainable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 408 40 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-290 408 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 409 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 409 2 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 409 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 409 4 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 409 5 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 409 6 escaped escape VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 409 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 409 8 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 409 9 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 409 10 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-290 409 11 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 409 12 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 409 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 409 14 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 409 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 409 16 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 409 17 breakthroughs breakthrough NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 409 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 409 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 409 20 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 409 21 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 409 22 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 409 23 improved improve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 409 24 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-290 409 25 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 409 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 409 27 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 409 28 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 409 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 409 30 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 409 31 longevity longevity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 409 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 410 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 410 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 410 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 410 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 410 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 410 6 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 410 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 410 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 410 9 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 410 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 410 11 unprecedented unprecedented JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 410 12 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 410 13 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 410 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 410 15 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 410 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 411 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 411 2 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 411 3 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 411 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 411 5 13.9 13.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 411 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 411 7 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 411 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 411 9 1831 1831 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 411 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 411 11 32.5 32.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 411 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 411 13 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 411 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 411 15 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 411 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 412 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 412 2 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 412 3 contributory contributory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 412 4 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 412 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 412 6 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 412 7 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 412 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 412 9 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 412 10 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 412 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 413 1 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 413 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 413 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 413 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 413 5 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 413 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 413 7 undergo undergo VB en-wikipedia-org-290 413 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 413 9 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 413 10 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 413 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 413 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 413 13 Agricultural Agricultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 413 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 413 15 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 413 16 Revolutions Revolutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 413 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 414 1 Economist economist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 2 Gary Gary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 414 3 Becker Becker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 414 4 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 414 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 7 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-290 414 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 414 9 falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 414 10 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 414 12 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 414 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 14 urbanisation urbanisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 414 16 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 414 17 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 18 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 19 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 414 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 414 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 414 22 diminished diminish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 414 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 414 24 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 414 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 414 26 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 414 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 414 28 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 414 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 414 30 raising raise VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 414 31 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 414 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 415 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 415 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 415 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 415 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 415 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 415 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 415 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 415 8 economically economically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 415 9 sensible sensible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 415 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 415 11 invest invest VB en-wikipedia-org-290 415 12 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 415 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 415 14 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 415 15 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 415 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 416 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 416 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 416 3 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 416 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 416 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 416 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 416 7 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 416 8 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 416 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 417 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 417 2 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-290 417 3 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 417 4 till till IN en-wikipedia-org-290 417 5 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-290 417 6 1950 1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 417 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 418 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 418 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 418 3 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 418 4 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 418 5 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 6 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 418 7 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 418 10 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 418 11 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 418 12 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 418 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 418 15 1960s 1960s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 418 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 418 17 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 418 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 418 20 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 418 23 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 418 25 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 418 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 419 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 419 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 419 3 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 419 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 419 5 Fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 6 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 419 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 419 8 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 9 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 419 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 419 11 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 419 12 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 419 14 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 419 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 419 16 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 17 shifts shift VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 419 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 19 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 419 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 419 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 22 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 419 23 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 24 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 25 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 419 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 419 27 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 419 28 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 29 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 419 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 31 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 419 32 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 419 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 419 34 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 419 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 419 36 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-290 419 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 420 1 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 420 2 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 420 3 completed complete VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 420 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 420 5 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 420 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 420 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 420 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 420 9 1900s 1900s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 420 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 421 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 421 2 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 421 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 421 4 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 421 5 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 421 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 422 1 Initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 422 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 422 3 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 4 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 5 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 422 6 dropped drop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 422 7 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 422 8 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 10 improved improve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 11 healthcare healthcare NN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 422 13 sanitation sanitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 422 15 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 422 16 nutrition nutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 422 18 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-290 422 19 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 20 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 422 21 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 422 22 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 422 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 422 24 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 422 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 422 27 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 28 boom boom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 422 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 423 1 Gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 423 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 423 3 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 423 4 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 423 5 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 423 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 423 7 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 423 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 423 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 423 10 affluent affluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 423 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 423 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 423 13 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 423 14 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-290 423 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 423 16 contraception contraception NN en-wikipedia-org-290 423 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 424 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 2 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 424 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 424 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 424 5 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 6 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 7 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 9 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 424 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 424 11 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 424 12 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 424 14 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-290 424 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 16 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 17 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 424 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 424 20 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 424 21 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 424 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 425 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 425 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 425 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 425 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 425 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-290 425 7 catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 425 8 epidemic epidemic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 425 10 famine famine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 12 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 425 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 425 14 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 425 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 425 17 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 425 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 425 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 425 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 425 23 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 425 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 425 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 425 28 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 425 29 epidemic epidemic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 30 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 425 32 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-290 425 33 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 425 35 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 425 36 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 425 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 425 39 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 425 40 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 41 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 43 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 44 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 45 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 47 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 425 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 425 49 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 425 50 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 51 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 52 21.9 21.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 53 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 54 1848 1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 55 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 56 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 57 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 58 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 60 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 425 62 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 425 64 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 65 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 425 67 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 425 69 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 425 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 425 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 426 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 426 2 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 426 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 426 4 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 426 5 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 426 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 426 8 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 426 9 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 11 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 12 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 426 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 426 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 426 15 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 426 16 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 426 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 426 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 426 19 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 426 20 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 22 premature premature JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 426 23 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 24 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-290 426 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 426 27 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 426 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 29 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 426 30 poorer poor JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 426 31 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 426 32 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 426 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 427 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 427 2 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 427 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 427 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 427 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 427 6 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 427 7 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 427 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 427 9 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 427 10 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 427 11 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 427 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 427 13 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-290 427 14 decade decade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 427 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 427 16 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 427 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 427 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 427 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 427 20 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 427 21 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 427 22 evening even VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 427 23 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 427 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 428 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 428 2 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 428 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 428 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 428 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 428 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 428 7 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 428 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 428 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 428 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 429 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 429 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 429 3 biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 429 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 429 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 429 6 improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 429 7 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-290 429 8 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 429 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 429 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 429 11 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 429 12 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 429 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 429 14 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 429 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 429 16 biologically biologically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 429 17 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 429 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 429 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 429 20 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 429 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 430 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 430 2 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 430 3 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 430 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 430 5 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 430 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 431 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 431 3 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 431 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 431 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 431 7 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 8 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 9 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 431 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 431 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 431 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 431 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 431 14 getting get VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 431 15 married marry VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 431 18 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 431 19 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 431 20 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 21 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 431 23 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 431 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 431 28 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 431 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 431 30 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 431 31 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 33 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 431 34 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 431 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 431 36 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-290 431 37 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-290 431 38 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 431 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 432 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 432 2 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 432 3 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 432 4 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 432 5 got get VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 432 6 married married JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 432 7 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 432 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 432 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 432 10 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-290 432 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 432 12 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 432 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 433 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 433 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 433 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 433 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 433 5 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 433 6 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 433 7 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 433 8 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 433 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 433 10 finance finance VB en-wikipedia-org-290 433 11 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 433 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 433 13 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 433 14 households household NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 433 15 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 433 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 433 17 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 433 18 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 433 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 434 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 434 2 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 434 3 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 434 4 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-290 434 5 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 434 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 434 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 434 8 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 434 9 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 434 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 434 11 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 434 12 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 434 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 434 14 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 434 15 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 434 16 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 434 17 rise rise VB en-wikipedia-org-290 434 18 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-290 434 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 435 1 Birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 2 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 435 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 435 4 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 435 5 measured measure VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 435 8 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 435 9 crude crude JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 435 10 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 11 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 435 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 435 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 435 15 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 435 16 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 17 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 18 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 20 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 435 21 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 435 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 436 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 436 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 436 3 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-290 436 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 436 5 crude crude JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 436 6 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 436 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 436 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 436 9 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 436 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 436 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 436 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 436 13 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 436 14 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 436 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 436 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 436 17 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 436 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 437 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 437 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 437 3 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 437 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 437 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 437 6 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 437 7 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 437 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 437 9 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 437 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 437 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 437 12 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 437 13 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 437 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 437 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 437 16 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 437 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 438 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 438 2 Net Net NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 438 3 Reproduction Reproduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 438 4 Rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 438 6 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 438 7 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 438 10 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 438 11 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 438 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 438 14 measures measure VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 438 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 438 16 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 438 17 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 18 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 20 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 438 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 22 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 438 24 bearing bearing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 438 25 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 438 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 439 1 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 439 2 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 439 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 439 4 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 439 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 439 6 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 439 7 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 439 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 439 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 439 10 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-290 439 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 439 12 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 439 13 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 439 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 440 1 Mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 440 2 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 440 3 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 440 4 lacked lack VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 440 5 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 440 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 440 7 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 440 8 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 440 9 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 440 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 440 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 440 12 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 440 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 440 14 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 440 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 440 16 unrespectable unrespectable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 440 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 441 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 441 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 441 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 441 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 441 5 evening evening NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 6 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 8 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 9 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 441 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 441 12 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 441 15 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 441 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 441 18 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 441 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 441 20 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 441 23 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 441 24 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 441 25 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 441 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 441 27 availability availability NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 29 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 441 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 31 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 32 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 441 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 441 35 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 441 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 37 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 441 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 441 39 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 40 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 41 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-290 441 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 442 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 442 2 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 442 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 442 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 442 6 olden olden JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 442 7 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 442 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 442 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 442 10 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 442 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 442 12 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 13 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 442 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 442 15 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 442 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 442 18 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 442 19 afford afford VB en-wikipedia-org-290 442 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 21 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 442 23 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-290 442 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 25 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 442 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 442 27 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 442 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 29 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 442 30 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 442 31 survive survive VB en-wikipedia-org-290 442 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 33 adulthood adulthood NN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 442 35 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 442 36 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 442 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 38 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 442 39 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 442 40 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 442 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 42 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 442 43 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 44 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 442 45 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 442 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 443 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-290 443 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 443 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 443 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 443 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 443 6 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 443 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 443 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 443 9 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 443 11 incentive incentive NN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 443 13 curb curb VB en-wikipedia-org-290 443 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 443 15 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 16 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 443 18 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 443 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 443 20 lacked lack VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 21 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-290 443 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 443 23 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 24 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 26 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 443 27 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 443 29 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 443 30 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 31 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 443 32 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 443 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 444 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 444 2 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 444 3 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-290 444 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 444 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 444 6 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 444 7 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 444 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 445 1 Standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 445 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 445 3 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-290 445 4 improved improve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 445 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 445 6 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 445 7 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 445 8 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 445 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 446 1 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 446 2 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-290 446 3 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 446 4 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 446 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 446 6 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 446 7 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 446 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 446 9 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 446 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 446 11 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-290 446 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 446 13 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-290 446 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 446 15 propagation propagation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 446 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 446 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 446 18 genes gene NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 446 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 447 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 447 2 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-290 447 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 447 4 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 447 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 447 6 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 447 7 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 447 8 weakened weaken VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 447 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 448 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 448 4 societal societal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 448 5 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 6 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 7 contraception contraception NN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 8 warmed warm VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 448 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 448 10 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 448 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 448 13 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 448 14 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 16 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 448 18 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 448 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 449 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 449 2 2][77 2][77 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 449 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 449 4 Factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 449 5 linked link VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 7 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 449 8 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 449 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 449 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 12 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 449 13 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 449 15 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 449 16 attainment attainment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 449 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 449 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 449 20 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 449 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 449 23 negatively negatively RB en-wikipedia-org-290 449 24 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 26 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 27 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 449 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 449 30 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 449 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 449 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 450 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 450 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 450 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 450 4 Environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 450 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 450 6 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-290 450 7 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 450 8 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 450 9 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-290 450 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 450 11 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 450 12 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 450 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 451 1 Improvements improvement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 451 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 451 3 nutrition nutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 451 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-290 451 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 451 6 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 451 7 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 451 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 451 9 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-290 451 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 451 11 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-290 451 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 451 13 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 451 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 451 15 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-290 451 16 debated debate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 451 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 452 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 452 2 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 452 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 452 4 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 452 6 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 452 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 452 9 trade trade VB en-wikipedia-org-290 452 10 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 452 13 Industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 14 revolution revolution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 452 16 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 17 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 18 revolution revolution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 19 Progress progress VB en-wikipedia-org-290 452 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 21 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 452 22 obvious obvious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 452 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 25 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 452 26 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 27 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 30 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 452 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 32 Civilisation Civilisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 452 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 452 34 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 36 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 37 fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 452 38 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 452 39 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 452 40 1837–87 1837–87 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 452 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 452 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 45 wonderful wonderful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 46 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 48 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 49 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 52 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 54 machinery machinery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 452 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 57 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 59 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 60 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 61 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 452 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 452 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 64 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 66 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 67 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 452 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 452 69 accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 70 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 71 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 452 72 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 452 73 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 452 74 remarkable remarkable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 75 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 77 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 452 79 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 452 80 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 452 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 82 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 83 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 452 84 intercommunication intercommunication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 452 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 453 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 453 2 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 453 3 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 453 4 Huxley[125 huxley[125 ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 453 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 453 6 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 453 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 453 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 453 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 453 10 1700s 1700s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 453 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 453 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 453 13 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 453 14 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 453 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 453 16 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 453 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 453 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 453 19 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 453 20 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 453 21 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 453 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 454 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 454 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 454 3 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 454 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 454 5 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 454 6 dramatic dramatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 454 7 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 454 8 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 454 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 455 1 Someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 2 alive alive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 455 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 4 1804 1804 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 455 5 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 455 6 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-290 455 7 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 455 9 electric electric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 455 10 telegraph telegraph NN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 455 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 455 13 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 14 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 455 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 455 17 circular circular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 455 18 saw saw NN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 455 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 455 21 bicycle bicycle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 455 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 455 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 455 25 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 455 27 powered power VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 455 28 locomotive locomotive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 455 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 456 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 456 3 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 4 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 456 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 6 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 456 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 456 8 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 456 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 456 10 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 456 11 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 456 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 456 13 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 456 16 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 456 19 electric electric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 456 20 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 21 bulb bulb NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 456 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 456 24 typewriter typewriter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 456 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 456 27 calculator calculator NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 456 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 456 30 rubber rubber NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 31 tyre tyre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 456 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 456 34 washing washing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 35 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 456 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 456 38 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 456 39 combustion combustion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 40 engine engine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 456 42 plastic plastic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 456 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 456 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 456 45 dynamite dynamite VB en-wikipedia-org-290 456 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 457 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 457 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 457 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 457 4 Engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 5 prowess prowess NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 457 7 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 457 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 9 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 457 11 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 457 13 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 457 14 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 457 15 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 457 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 457 17 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 457 18 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 457 19 powerhouse powerhouse NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 457 21 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 22 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 457 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 27 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 457 28 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 457 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 458 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 458 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 458 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 458 4 Schematic schematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 458 5 diagram diagram NN en-wikipedia-org-290 458 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 458 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 458 8 Kondratiev Kondratiev NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 458 9 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-290 458 10 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 458 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 458 12 characterised characterise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 458 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 458 14 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 458 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 458 16 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 458 17 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 458 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 458 19 1850–1870 1850–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 458 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 458 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 458 22 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 458 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 458 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 458 25 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 458 26 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 458 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 458 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 459 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 459 2 126][127 126][127 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 459 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 459 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 459 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 459 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 459 7 till till IN en-wikipedia-org-290 459 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 459 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 459 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 459 11 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 459 12 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 459 13 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 459 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 459 15 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 459 16 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 459 17 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 459 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 459 19 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 459 20 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 459 21 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 459 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 459 23 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 459 24 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-290 459 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 460 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 460 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 460 3 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 460 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 460 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 460 6 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-290 460 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 460 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 460 9 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 460 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 460 11 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 460 12 boom boom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 460 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 460 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 460 15 upswing upswing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 460 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 460 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 460 18 Kondratiev Kondratiev NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 460 19 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 460 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 460 21 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 460 22 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 460 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 460 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 461 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 461 2 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 461 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 461 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 461 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 461 6 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 461 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 461 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 461 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 461 10 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 461 11 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-290 461 12 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-290 461 13 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-290 461 14 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 461 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 461 16 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-290 461 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 462 1 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 462 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 462 4 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 462 6 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 462 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 462 9 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 462 10 industrialisation industrialisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 462 12 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 462 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 14 textiles textile NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 462 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 462 16 machinery machinery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 462 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 462 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 462 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 462 23 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 462 24 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 26 exports export NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 462 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 462 28 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 462 29 profits profit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 462 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 462 31 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 462 32 merchants merchant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 462 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 463 1 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 463 2 entrepreneurs entrepreneur NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 463 3 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 463 4 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 463 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 463 6 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 463 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 463 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 463 9 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 463 10 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 463 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 464 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 464 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 464 3 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-290 464 4 abroad abroad RB en-wikipedia-org-290 464 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 464 6 apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-290 464 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 464 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 464 9 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 464 10 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 464 11 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 464 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 464 13 1854–56 1854–56 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 464 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 464 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 464 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 464 17 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 464 18 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-290 464 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 464 20 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 464 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 465 1 Opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 465 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 465 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 465 4 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 465 5 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-290 465 6 melted melt VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 465 7 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-290 465 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 465 9 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 465 10 Porter Porter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 465 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 466 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 466 2 Chartist Chartist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 466 3 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 4 peaked peak VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 466 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 466 7 democratic democratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 466 8 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 9 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 466 11 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 466 12 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 14 1848 1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 466 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 466 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 466 17 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 466 18 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 466 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 466 21 pursuits pursuit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 466 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 466 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 466 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 25 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 466 26 unions union NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 466 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 466 28 cooperative cooperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 466 29 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 466 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 467 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 467 2 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 467 3 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 467 4 ignored ignore VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 467 5 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 467 6 agitators agitator NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 467 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 467 8 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 467 9 Marx Marx NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 467 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 467 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 467 12 midst midst NN en-wikipedia-org-290 467 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 467 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 467 15 joined join VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 467 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 467 17 celebrating celebrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 467 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 467 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 467 20 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 467 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 468 1 Employers employer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 468 2 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 468 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 468 4 paternalistic paternalistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 468 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 468 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 468 7 recognised recognise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 468 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 468 9 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 468 10 unions union NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 468 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 469 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 469 2 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 469 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 469 4 Companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 469 5 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 469 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 469 7 employees employee NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 469 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 469 9 welfare welfare NN en-wikipedia-org-290 469 10 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 469 11 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 469 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 469 13 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 469 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 469 15 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 469 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 469 17 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 469 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 469 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 469 20 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 469 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 469 22 baths bath NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 469 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 469 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 469 25 gymnasia gymnasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 469 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 470 1 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 470 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 470 3 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 470 4 reformers reformer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 470 5 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 470 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 470 7 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 470 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 470 9 assist assist VB en-wikipedia-org-290 470 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 470 11 working working NN en-wikipedia-org-290 470 12 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 470 13 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 470 14 aspirations aspiration NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 470 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 470 16 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 470 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 470 18 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 470 19 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 470 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 470 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 470 22 respectability respectability NN en-wikipedia-org-290 470 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 470 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 471 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 471 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 471 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 471 4 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 471 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 471 6 libertarianism libertarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 471 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 471 8 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 471 9 Porter Porter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 471 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 471 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 471 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 471 13 felt feel VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 471 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 471 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 471 16 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 471 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 472 1 Taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 472 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 472 3 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 472 4 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 472 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 472 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 472 7 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 472 8 restrictions restriction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 472 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 472 10 minimal minimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 472 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 473 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 473 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 473 3 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-290 473 4 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 473 5 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 473 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 473 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 473 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 473 9 occasional occasional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 473 10 riots riot NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 473 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 473 12 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 473 13 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 473 14 motivated motivate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 473 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 473 16 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 473 17 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 473 18 Catholicism Catholicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 473 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 474 1 Society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 474 3 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-290 474 4 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 474 7 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 474 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 474 10 gentry gentry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 474 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 474 13 controlled control VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 474 14 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 474 15 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 16 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 474 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 474 18 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-290 474 19 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 474 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 21 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 474 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 474 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 474 24 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 474 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 474 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 474 28 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-290 474 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 475 1 Becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 475 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 475 3 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 475 4 businessman businessman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 475 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 475 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 475 7 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 475 8 prestigious prestigious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 475 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 475 10 inheriting inherit VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 475 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 475 12 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-290 475 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 475 14 owning own VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 475 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 475 16 landed landed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 475 17 estate estate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 475 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 476 1 Literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 476 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 476 3 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 476 4 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 476 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 476 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 476 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 476 8 fine fine JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 476 9 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 476 10 languished languish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 476 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 476 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 476 13 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 476 14 Exhibition Exhibition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 476 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 476 16 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 476 17 showcased showcase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 476 18 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 476 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 476 20 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 476 21 prowess prowess NN en-wikipedia-org-290 476 22 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-290 476 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 476 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 476 25 sculpture sculpture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 476 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 476 27 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 476 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 476 29 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-290 476 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 477 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 477 2 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 477 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 477 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 477 5 mediocre mediocre JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 477 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 477 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 477 8 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 477 9 universities university NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 477 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 477 11 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 477 12 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 477 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 477 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 477 15 likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-290 477 16 mediocre mediocre JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 477 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 478 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 478 2 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 478 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 478 4 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 478 5 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 478 6 Woodward Woodward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 478 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 478 8 concluded:[130 concluded:[130 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 478 10 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 11 leisure leisure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 478 13 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 478 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 16 getting get VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 478 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 478 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 19 spending spending NN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 478 21 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 478 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 478 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 478 24 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 478 25 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 27 1879 1879 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 478 28 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 478 30 1815 1815 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 478 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 479 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 479 2 scales scale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 479 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 479 4 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 479 5 weighted weight VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 479 6 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 479 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 479 8 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 479 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 479 10 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 479 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 479 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 479 13 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 479 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 479 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 479 16 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 479 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 479 18 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 479 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 480 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 480 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 480 3 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 480 4 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 480 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 480 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 480 7 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 480 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 480 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 480 10 fatalism fatalism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 480 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 480 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 480 13 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 480 14 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 480 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 481 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 481 2 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 481 3 conscience conscience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 481 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 481 6 instructed instruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 481 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 481 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 481 10 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 12 liberty liberty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 481 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 481 15 widened widen VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 481 17 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-290 481 18 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 19 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 481 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 21 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 23 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 481 24 constraint constraint NN en-wikipedia-org-290 481 25 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-290 482 1 Yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-290 482 2 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 482 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 482 4 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 482 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 482 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 482 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-290 482 8 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-290 482 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 482 10 earthly earthly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 482 11 paradise paradise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 482 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 483 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 483 2 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 483 4 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 483 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 6 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 483 9 working working NN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 10 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 12 town town NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 483 13 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 483 14 country country NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 483 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 483 16 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-290 483 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 483 18 disgrace disgrace NN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 483 21 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 23 plenty plenty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 483 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 484 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 484 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 484 3 1844 1844 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 484 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 484 5 Rochdale Rochdale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 484 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 484 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 484 8 Equitable Equitable NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 484 9 Pioneers Pioneers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 484 10 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 484 11 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 484 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 484 13 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 484 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 484 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 484 16 cooperative cooperative NN en-wikipedia-org-290 484 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 484 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 484 19 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 484 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 485 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 485 2 founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 485 3 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 485 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 485 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 485 6 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 8 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 485 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 485 10 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 11 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 485 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 485 15 weavers weaver NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 485 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 485 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 485 18 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 485 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 485 20 band band VB en-wikipedia-org-290 485 21 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-290 485 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 485 23 open open VB en-wikipedia-org-290 485 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 485 25 store store NN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 26 owned own VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 485 28 managed manage VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 29 democratically democratically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 485 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 485 32 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 485 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 485 34 selling sell VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 485 35 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-290 485 36 items item NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 485 37 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 485 38 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 485 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 485 40 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-290 485 41 afford afford VB en-wikipedia-org-290 485 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 486 1 Ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-290 486 2 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 486 3 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 486 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 486 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 486 6 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 486 7 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 486 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 486 9 operative operative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 486 10 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 486 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 486 12 grown grow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 486 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 486 14 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 486 15 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 486 16 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 486 17 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 486 18 operatives operative NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 486 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 487 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 487 2 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 487 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 487 4 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 487 5 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 487 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 487 7 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 487 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 487 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 487 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 487 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 487 12 cooperative cooperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 487 13 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 487 14 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 487 15 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 487 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 487 17 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 487 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 487 19 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 487 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 488 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 488 2 Street Street NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 488 3 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 488 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 488 5 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 488 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 488 7 1877 1877 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 488 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 488 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 488 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 488 11 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 488 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 488 13 Adolphe Adolphe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 488 14 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 488 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 489 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 489 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 489 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 489 4 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 489 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 489 6 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 489 7 Lane Lane NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 489 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 489 9 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 489 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 489 11 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 489 12 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 489 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-290 489 14 term term VB en-wikipedia-org-290 489 15 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 489 16 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-290 489 17 folks folk NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 489 18 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 489 19 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 489 20 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-290 489 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 489 22 buying buy VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 489 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 489 24 selling selling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 489 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 489 26 transacting transact VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 489 27 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-290 489 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 489 29 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-290 489 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 489 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 489 32 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 489 33 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-290 489 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 490 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 490 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 490 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 490 4 celebrated celebrated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 490 5 resort resort NN en-wikipedia-org-290 490 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 490 7 tramps tramp NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 490 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 490 9 costers coster NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 490 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 490 11 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-290 490 12 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-290 490 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 490 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 491 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 491 2 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 3 stall stall NN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 5 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 491 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 491 8 1870s 1870s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 491 9 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 491 10 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 491 11 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 491 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 491 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 491 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 15 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 491 17 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 18 producer producer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 19 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 491 20 Kemna Kemna NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 491 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 491 22 modeled model VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 491 23 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 491 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 491 26 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 491 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 492 1 Housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 492 2 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 492 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 492 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 492 5 Booth Booth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 492 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 492 7 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 492 8 map map NN en-wikipedia-org-290 492 9 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 492 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 492 11 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 492 12 Nichol Nichol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 492 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 492 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 492 15 slum slum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 492 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 492 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 492 18 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 492 19 End End NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 492 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 492 21 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 492 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 493 1 Published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 493 2 1889 1889 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 493 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 493 4 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 493 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 493 6 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 493 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 493 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 493 9 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 493 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 493 11 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 493 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 494 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 494 2 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 3 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 494 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 494 6 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 7 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 9 well well NN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 494 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 494 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 494 13 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-290 494 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 494 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 16 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 17 blue blue JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 18 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 494 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 494 21 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 23 18s 18s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 494 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 25 21s 21 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 494 27 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 494 30 moderate moderate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 31 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 494 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 34 dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 35 blue blue JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 36 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 494 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 494 39 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 494 40 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 42 casual casual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 44 chronic chronic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 45 want want NN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 494 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 494 49 black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 50 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 51 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 494 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 494 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 494 54 lowest low JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 55 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 56 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-290 494 57 occasional occasional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 58 labourers labourer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 60 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-290 494 61 sellers seller NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 63 loafers loafer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 494 65 criminals criminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 494 67 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 494 68 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 69 criminals criminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 494 70 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 494 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 495 1 Working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 495 2 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 495 3 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 495 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 495 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 495 6 Wetherby Wetherby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 495 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 495 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 495 9 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 495 10 Girl Girl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 495 11 pulling pull VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 495 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 495 13 coal coal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 495 14 tub tub NN en-wikipedia-org-290 495 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 495 16 mine mine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 495 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 496 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 496 2 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 496 3 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-290 496 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 496 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 496 6 parliamentary parliamentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 496 7 commission commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 496 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 496 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 496 10 mid-19th mid-19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 496 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 496 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 497 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 497 2 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 497 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 497 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 497 5 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 497 6 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 497 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 9 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 497 12 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 497 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 497 16 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 497 17 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 497 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 497 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 497 20 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 497 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 497 22 manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 23 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 497 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 497 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 497 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 497 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 28 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 29 centres centre VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 497 30 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 497 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 497 32 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 497 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 497 34 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 497 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 498 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 498 2 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 498 3 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 498 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 498 5 financing financing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 498 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 498 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 498 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 498 9 handled handle VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 498 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 498 11 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 498 12 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 498 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 498 14 dealt deal VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 498 15 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 498 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 498 17 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 498 18 contracting contracting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 498 19 firms firm NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 498 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 499 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 499 2 132][133 132][133 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 499 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 499 4 Private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 499 5 renting renting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 499 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 499 7 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 499 8 landlords landlord NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 499 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 499 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 499 11 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 499 12 tenure tenure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 499 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 500 1 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 500 2 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 500 3 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 500 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 500 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 500 6 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 500 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 500 8 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 500 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 500 10 tenants tenant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 500 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 501 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 501 2 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 501 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 501 4 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 501 5 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 501 6 in in RB en-wikipedia-org-290 501 7 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 501 8 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 501 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 501 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 501 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 501 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 501 13 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 501 14 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-290 501 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 501 16 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 501 17 adequate adequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 501 18 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 501 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 501 20 everyone everyone NN en-wikipedia-org-290 501 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 501 22 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 501 23 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 501 24 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-290 501 25 newcomers newcomer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 501 26 squeezed squeeze VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 501 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 501 28 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 501 29 overcrowded overcrowded JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 501 30 slums slum NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 501 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 502 1 Clean clean JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 502 2 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 502 4 sanitation sanitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 502 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 502 7 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 502 8 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 9 facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 502 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 502 11 inadequate inadequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 502 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 502 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 502 14 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 15 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 502 17 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 502 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 502 19 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 502 20 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 21 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 502 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 502 24 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 502 26 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 502 27 adults adult NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 502 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 503 1 Cholera Cholera NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 503 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 503 3 polluted polluted JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 503 4 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 503 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 503 6 typhoid typhoid NN en-wikipedia-org-290 503 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 503 8 endemic endemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 503 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 504 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-290 504 2 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 504 3 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 504 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 504 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 504 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 504 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-290 504 8 famines famine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 504 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 504 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 504 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 504 12 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-290 504 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 504 14 devastated devastate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 504 15 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 504 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 504 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 504 18 1840s 1840s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 504 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 505 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 505 2 135][136][137 135][136][137 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 505 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 505 4 Poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 5 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 505 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 505 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 8 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 505 9 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 505 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 505 11 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 505 12 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 13 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 14 accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 16 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 505 17 urbanisation urbanisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 18 stimulated stimulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 505 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 505 21 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 505 22 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 505 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 506 1 Wage wage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 2 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 506 3 improved improve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 506 4 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 506 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 506 6 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 506 7 wages wage NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 506 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 506 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 10 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 506 11 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 13 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 506 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 506 16 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 506 17 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 18 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 506 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 20 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 506 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 506 22 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 506 24 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 506 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 507 1 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 507 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 507 4 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 6 saved save VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 507 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 507 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 12 depositors depositor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 507 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 14 savings saving NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 507 15 banks bank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 507 16 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 18 430,000 430,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 20 1831 1831 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 507 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 23 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 507 25 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 27 1887 1887 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 507 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 507 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 507 31 deposits deposit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 507 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 33 £ £ $ en-wikipedia-org-290 507 34 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 507 36 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 38 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 507 39 £ £ $ en-wikipedia-org-290 507 40 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 507 42 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 507 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 508 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 508 2 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 508 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 508 4 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 508 5 flooded flood VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 7 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 508 8 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 508 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 508 10 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 508 11 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 508 12 faster fast RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 508 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 14 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 15 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 508 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 508 17 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 508 19 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 508 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 21 overcrowding overcrowding JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 508 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 508 23 lagging lagging JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 508 24 sanitation sanitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 25 facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 508 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 508 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 28 fresh fresh JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 508 29 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 508 31 sewage sewage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 508 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 509 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 509 2 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 509 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 509 4 magnified magnify VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 509 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 509 6 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 509 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 509 8 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 509 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 509 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 509 11 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 509 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 509 13 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-290 509 14 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 509 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 510 1 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 510 2 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 510 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 510 4 turned turn VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 510 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 510 6 flats flat NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 510 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 510 8 tenements tenement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 510 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 510 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 510 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 510 12 landlords landlord NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 510 13 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 510 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 510 15 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-290 510 16 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 510 17 dwellings dwelling NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 510 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 510 19 slum slum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 510 20 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 510 21 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 510 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 511 1 Kellow Kellow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 511 2 Chesney Chesney NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 511 3 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 511 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 511 5 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 7 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 511 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 511 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 511 10 Hideous hideous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 511 11 slums slum NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 511 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 511 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 511 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 15 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 511 16 acres acre VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 511 17 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 511 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 511 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 511 20 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-290 511 21 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 511 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 23 crannies cranny NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 511 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 25 obscure obscure JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 511 26 misery misery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 511 28 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-290 511 29 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 511 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 511 31 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 511 32 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 511 35 metropolis metropolis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 511 36 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-290 512 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 512 2 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 512 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 512 4 once once IN en-wikipedia-org-290 512 5 handsome handsome JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 512 6 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 512 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 512 8 thirty thirty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 512 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 512 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 512 11 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 512 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 512 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 512 14 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 512 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-290 512 16 inhabit inhabit VB en-wikipedia-org-290 512 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 512 18 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 512 19 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-290 512 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 513 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 513 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 513 3 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 513 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 513 5 Significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 513 6 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 513 7 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 513 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 513 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 513 10 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 513 11 Poor Poor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 513 12 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 513 13 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 513 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 513 15 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 513 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 513 17 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 513 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 513 19 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 513 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 513 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 513 22 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 513 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 514 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 514 2 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 514 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 514 4 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 514 5 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 514 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 514 7 workhouses workhouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 514 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 514 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 514 10 poorhouses poorhouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 514 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 514 12 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 514 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 514 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 514 15 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 514 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 514 17 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 514 18 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 514 19 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 514 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 514 21 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 514 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 515 1 Child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 2 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 515 4 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 515 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 515 6 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 7 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 515 9 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 515 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 515 12 1840s 1840s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 515 13 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 515 14 notorious notorious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 515 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 515 17 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 19 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 515 20 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 515 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 22 factories factory NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 515 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 515 24 mines mine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 515 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 515 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 515 27 chimney chimney NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 515 28 sweeps sweep VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 515 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 516 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 516 2 140][141 140][141 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 516 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 516 4 Child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 5 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 6 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 516 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 516 8 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 516 9 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 516 12 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 516 13 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 516 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 516 16 outset outset NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 516 18 novelist novelist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 19 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 516 20 Dickens Dickens NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 516 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 516 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 23 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 516 25 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 516 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 516 28 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 30 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 516 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 516 33 blacking black VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 516 34 factory factory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 516 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 37 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 516 38 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 516 41 debtors debtor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 516 42 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 516 43 prison prison NN en-wikipedia-org-290 516 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 517 1 Reformers reformer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 517 2 wanted want VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 517 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 517 4 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 517 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 517 6 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 517 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 517 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 517 9 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 517 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 517 11 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-290 517 12 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 517 13 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 517 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 517 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 517 16 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 517 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 517 18 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 517 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 517 20 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-290 517 21 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 517 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 518 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 518 2 1860 1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 518 3 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 518 4 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-290 518 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 518 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 518 7 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 518 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 518 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 518 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 518 11 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 518 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 518 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 518 14 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 518 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 518 16 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 518 17 Sunday Sunday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 518 18 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 518 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 518 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 519 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 519 2 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 519 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 519 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 519 5 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 519 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 519 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 519 8 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 519 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 519 10 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 519 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 519 12 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-290 519 13 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 519 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 519 15 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 519 16 budget budget NN en-wikipedia-org-290 519 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 519 18 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-290 519 19 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 519 20 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 519 21 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 519 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 519 23 dangerous dangerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 519 24 jobs job NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 519 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 519 26 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 519 27 wages wage NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 519 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 520 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 520 2 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 520 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 520 4 Agile agile JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 520 5 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 520 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 520 7 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 520 10 chimney chimney NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 520 11 sweeps sweep VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 520 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 520 13 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 520 14 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 520 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 520 16 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 520 18 scramble scramble VB en-wikipedia-org-290 520 19 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 20 machinery machinery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 520 22 retrieve retrieve VB en-wikipedia-org-290 520 23 cotton cotton NN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 24 bobbins bobbin NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 520 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 520 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 520 27 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 520 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 520 29 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 520 30 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 520 32 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-290 520 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 34 coal coal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 35 mines mine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 520 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 520 37 crawling crawl VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 520 38 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 39 tunnels tunnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 520 40 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-290 520 41 narrow narrow JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 520 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 520 43 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 520 44 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 520 45 adults adult NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 520 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 521 1 Children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 521 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 521 3 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 521 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 521 5 errand errand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 521 6 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 521 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 521 8 crossing cross VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 521 9 sweepers sweeper NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 521 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 521 11 shoe shoe NN en-wikipedia-org-290 521 12 blacks black NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 521 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 521 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 521 15 sold sell VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 521 16 matches match NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 521 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 521 18 flowers flower NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 521 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 521 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 521 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 521 22 cheap cheap JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 521 23 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 521 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 522 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 522 2 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 522 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 522 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 522 5 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 522 6 undertook undertake VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 522 7 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 9 apprentices apprentice NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 522 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 11 respectable respectable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 522 12 trades trade NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 522 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 522 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 522 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 16 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 522 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 522 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 20 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 522 21 servants servant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 522 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 522 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 522 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 522 25 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 26 120,000 120,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 522 27 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 522 28 servants servant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 522 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 30 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 522 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 522 33 mid mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 522 34 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 522 35 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 522 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 522 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 523 1 Working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 523 2 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 523 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 523 4 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 523 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 523 6 builders builder NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 523 7 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-290 523 8 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-290 523 9 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 523 10 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 523 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 523 12 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 14 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 523 16 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 523 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 18 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 523 20 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 21 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 523 22 servants servant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 523 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 523 24 theoretically theoretically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 523 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 26 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 27 80-hours 80-hours CD en-wikipedia-org-290 523 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 523 29 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-290 523 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 524 1 Mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 2 bides bide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 524 3 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 4 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 524 6 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 524 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 524 8 troubled trouble VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 10 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 524 11 breath breath NN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 524 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 524 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 524 15 sair sair NN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 16 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 524 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 18 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 524 19 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 21 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 524 22 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 524 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 525 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 525 2 am be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 525 3 wrought work VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 5 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 525 7 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 525 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 525 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 525 11 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 525 12 sore sore JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 525 13 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 525 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-290 525 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 525 17 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-290 525 18 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 525 19 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 525 20 rakes rake NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 525 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 525 22 journeys journey NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 525 23 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 525 24 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 525 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 26 pit pit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 525 28 bottom bottom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 30 wall wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 525 31 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 525 33 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-290 525 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 525 35 thinks think VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 525 36 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 37 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 525 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 525 39 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 525 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 525 42 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 43 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 525 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 525 45 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 46 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 525 47 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 48 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 525 49 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 525 50 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 525 51 fathom fathom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 525 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 526 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 526 2 carry carry VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 526 3 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-290 526 4 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 526 5 cwt cwt NN en-wikipedia-org-290 526 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 527 1 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 527 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 527 3 quarter quarter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 527 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 527 5 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 527 6 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-290 527 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 527 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 527 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 527 10 stoop stoop VB en-wikipedia-org-290 527 11 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 527 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 527 13 creep creep VB en-wikipedia-org-290 527 14 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 527 15 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 527 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 527 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 527 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 527 19 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-290 527 20 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-290 527 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 527 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 527 23 calves calf NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 527 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 527 25 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 527 26 legs leg NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 527 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 528 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 528 2 Isabella Isabella NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 528 3 Read Read NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 528 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 528 5 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 528 6 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 7 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 528 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 528 9 coal coal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 528 11 bearer bearer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 528 13 testimony testimony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 14 gathered gather VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 16 Ashley Ashley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 528 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 18 Mines Mines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 19 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 528 20 1842[131 1842[131 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 528 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 528 22 As as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 528 23 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-290 528 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 25 1802 1802 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 528 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 528 27 1819 1819 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 528 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 528 29 Factory factory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 30 Acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 528 32 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 528 34 limit limit VB en-wikipedia-org-290 528 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 528 36 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 528 37 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 39 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 41 factories factory NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 528 43 cotton cotton NN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 44 mills mill NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 46 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 528 47 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 528 48 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 49 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-290 528 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 529 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 529 2 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 529 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 4 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 529 5 ineffective ineffective JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 529 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 529 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 8 radical radical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 529 9 agitation agitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 529 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 13 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 529 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 529 16 Short Short NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 529 17 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 529 18 Committees Committees NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 529 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 529 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 21 1831 1831 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 529 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 529 24 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 529 25 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 529 26 recommended recommend VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 28 1833 1833 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 30 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 529 31 aged age VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 32 11–18 11–18 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 33 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 34 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-290 529 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 529 36 maximum maximum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 38 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 39 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 529 40 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 41 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 529 43 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 529 44 aged age VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 45 9–11 9–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 529 47 maximum maximum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 49 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 50 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 529 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 529 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 529 53 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 529 54 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 529 56 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 58 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 59 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-290 529 60 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-290 529 61 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-290 529 62 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 529 63 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 529 64 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 529 65 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-290 529 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 530 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 530 2 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 530 4 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 530 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 530 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 530 7 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 530 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 530 10 textile textile NN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 11 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 530 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 530 14 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 530 15 agitation agitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 16 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 530 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 18 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 530 19 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 21 1847 1847 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 530 22 limiting limit VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 530 23 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-290 530 24 adults adult NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 530 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 530 26 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 530 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 28 10-hour 10-hour CD en-wikipedia-org-290 530 29 working working NN en-wikipedia-org-290 530 30 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 530 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 531 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 531 2 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 531 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 531 4 Mathematics Mathematics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 531 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 531 6 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 531 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 531 8 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 531 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 531 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 531 11 engineering engineer VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 531 12 Professionalisation professionalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 531 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 531 14 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 531 15 Painting Painting NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 531 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 531 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 531 18 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 531 19 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 531 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 531 21 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 531 22 Hosmer Hosmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 531 23 Shepherd Shepherd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 531 24 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-290 531 25 1838 1838 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 531 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 532 1 Founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 3 1799 1799 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 532 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 532 6 stated stated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 532 7 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 532 10 diffusing diffuse VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 532 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 532 12 Knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 532 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 532 15 facilitating facilitate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 532 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 532 17 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 532 18 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 532 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 21 Useful Useful NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 532 22 Mechanical Mechanical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 532 23 Inventions Inventions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 532 25 Improvements Improvements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 532 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 532 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 29 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 532 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 32 Courses course NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 34 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 532 35 Lectures Lectures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 532 37 Experiments Experiments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 532 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 532 40 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 42 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 532 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 532 45 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 532 46 Purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 48 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 532 50 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 532 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 532 52 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 532 53 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 532 54 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 532 55 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 532 56 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 532 57 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 532 58 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 59 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 60 laboratories laboratory NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 532 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 532 63 lecture lecture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 64 hall hall NN en-wikipedia-org-290 532 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 532 66 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 532 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 532 69 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 532 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 533 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 533 3 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 533 4 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 533 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 533 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 533 7 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 533 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 533 9 dedicated dedicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 533 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 533 12 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 14 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 15 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 533 16 chemistry chemistry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 533 18 prompted prompt VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 20 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 21 restrictions restriction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 533 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 533 23 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 533 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 534 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 534 2 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 534 3 concerns concern NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 534 4 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 534 5 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 534 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 534 7 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 534 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 534 9 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 534 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 535 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 535 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 535 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 535 4 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-290 535 5 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 535 6 apparent apparent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 535 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 535 8 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 535 9 funding funding NN en-wikipedia-org-290 535 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 535 11 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 535 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 535 13 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-290 535 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 535 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 535 16 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 535 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 535 18 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-290 535 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 536 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 536 2 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 536 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 536 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 536 5 experts expert NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 536 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 536 7 hired hire VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 536 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 536 9 lecturers lecturer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 536 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 536 11 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 536 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 537 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 537 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 537 3 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 537 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 537 5 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 537 6 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 537 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 537 8 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 537 9 Humphry Humphry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 537 10 Davy Davy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 537 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 537 12 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 537 13 lectures lecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 537 14 concerned concern VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 537 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 537 16 myriad myriad NN en-wikipedia-org-290 537 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 537 18 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 537 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 537 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 537 21 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 537 22 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 537 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 537 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 537 25 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 537 26 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 537 27 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-290 537 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 537 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 537 30 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 537 31 faded fade VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 537 32 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-290 537 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 538 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 538 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 538 3 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 538 4 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 538 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 538 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 538 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 538 8 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 538 9 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 538 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 539 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 539 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 539 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 539 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 539 5 professionalisation professionalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 539 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 539 7 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 539 8 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 539 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 539 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 539 11 aftermath aftermath NN en-wikipedia-org-290 539 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 539 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 539 14 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 539 15 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 539 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 539 17 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-290 539 18 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-290 539 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 539 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 539 21 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 539 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 539 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 539 24 Continent Continent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 539 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 539 26 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 539 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 539 28 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 539 29 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 539 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 540 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 540 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 540 3 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 540 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 540 5 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-290 540 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 540 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 540 8 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 540 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 541 1 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 541 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 541 3 Trinity Trinity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 541 4 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 541 5 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 541 6 Whewell Whewell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 541 7 coined coin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 541 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 541 9 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 541 10 scientist scientist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 541 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 541 12 1833 1833 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 541 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 541 14 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-290 541 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 541 16 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 541 17 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 541 18 breed breed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 541 19 specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 541 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 541 21 experts expert NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 541 22 studying study VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 541 23 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 541 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 541 25 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-290 541 26 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 541 27 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 541 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 541 29 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 541 30 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 541 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 542 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 542 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 542 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 542 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 542 5 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 542 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 542 7 Whewell Whewell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 542 8 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 542 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 542 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 542 11 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 542 12 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 542 13 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 542 14 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 542 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 542 16 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-290 542 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 542 18 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-290 542 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 542 20 cultivator cultivator NN en-wikipedia-org-290 542 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 542 22 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 542 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 542 24 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-290 542 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 543 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 543 2 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-290 543 3 incline incline VB en-wikipedia-org-290 543 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 543 5 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-290 543 6 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 543 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 543 8 Scientist Scientist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 543 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 543 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 544 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 544 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 544 3 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 544 4 signaled signal VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 544 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 544 6 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 544 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 544 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 544 9 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 544 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 544 11 empiricism empiricism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 544 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 544 13 inductive inductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 544 14 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-290 544 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 545 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 545 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 545 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 545 4 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 545 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 545 6 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 545 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 545 8 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 545 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 545 10 catch catch VB en-wikipedia-org-290 545 11 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-290 545 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 546 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 2 biologist biologist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 546 4 Huxley Huxley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 546 5 indicated indicate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 546 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 7 1852 1852 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 546 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 546 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 546 10 prospect prospect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 12 earning earn VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 546 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 546 14 decent decent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 546 15 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 546 18 scientist scientist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 19 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 546 20 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 546 21 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 546 23 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 546 26 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 546 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 547 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 547 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 547 3 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 547 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 547 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 547 6 scientist scientist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 547 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 547 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 547 9 earn earn VB en-wikipedia-org-290 547 10 praise praise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 547 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 547 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 547 13 pudding pudde VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 547 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 547 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 547 16 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 547 17 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 547 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 548 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 548 3 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 548 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 548 6 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 7 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 9 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 548 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 548 13 club club NN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 15 gentlemanly gentlemanly NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 16 amateurs amateurs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 548 18 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 548 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 21 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 548 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 548 24 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 548 25 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 548 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 548 28 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 548 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 548 30 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 548 31 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 548 32 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 33 Darwin Darwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 548 35 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 36 Prescott Prescott NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 37 Joule Joule NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 548 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 549 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 549 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 549 3 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 549 4 reformed reform VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 549 5 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 549 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 549 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 549 8 1830s 1830 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 549 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 549 10 1840s 1840 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 549 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 550 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 550 2 1847 1847 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 550 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 550 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 550 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 550 6 admitted admit VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 550 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 550 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 550 9 breed breed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 550 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 550 11 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 550 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 551 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 551 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 551 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 551 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 551 5 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 551 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 551 7 impressed impress VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 9 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 551 11 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 551 13 felt feel VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 551 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 551 16 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 551 17 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-290 551 18 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 551 21 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 551 22 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 551 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 551 26 improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 551 27 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 551 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 552 1 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 552 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 552 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 552 4 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 552 5 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 552 6 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 552 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 552 8 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 552 9 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 552 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 552 11 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 552 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 553 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 553 2 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 553 3 firms firm NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 553 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 553 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 553 6 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 553 7 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 553 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 553 9 designing designing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 553 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 553 11 constructing construct VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 553 12 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 553 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 554 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 554 2 145][146 145][146 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 554 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 554 4 Ease ease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 6 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 554 8 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 10 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 554 12 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 554 13 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 15 understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 554 16 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 554 17 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 554 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 554 20 ease ease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 22 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 554 23 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 554 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 555 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 555 3 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 555 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 555 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 6 planetary planetary NN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 7 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 9 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 555 10 biology biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 555 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 555 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 555 13 ease ease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 15 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 16 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 555 18 1700s 1700 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 555 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 555 20 1800s 1800 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 555 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-290 555 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 555 23 fitted fit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 555 26 exponentially exponentially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 555 27 decaying decay VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 555 28 curve curve NN en-wikipedia-org-290 555 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 556 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 556 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 556 3 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 5 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 556 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 556 8 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 556 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 556 11 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 556 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 556 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 556 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 556 16 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 18 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 556 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 556 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 556 21 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 23 funding funding NN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 556 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 556 26 advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 556 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 28 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 556 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 557 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 557 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 557 3 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 557 6 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 557 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 557 9 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 557 12 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 557 13 1700s 1700 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 557 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 557 15 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 557 16 1800s 1800 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 557 17 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 18 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 557 19 exponentially exponentially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 557 20 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 21 leveling level VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 557 22 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-290 557 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 557 25 1900s 1900s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 557 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 557 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 557 28 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 557 29 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 557 31 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 557 34 logistic logistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 557 35 curve curve NN en-wikipedia-org-290 557 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 558 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 558 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 558 3 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 558 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 558 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 558 6 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 558 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 558 8 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 558 9 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 558 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 558 11 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-290 558 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 558 13 saturation saturation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 558 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 559 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 559 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 559 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 559 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 559 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 559 6 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 559 7 internal internal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 559 8 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 559 9 organ organ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 559 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 559 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 559 12 paraythyroid paraythyroid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 559 13 gland gland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 559 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 559 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 559 16 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 559 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 559 18 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 559 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 559 20 Ivar Ivar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 559 21 Viktor Viktor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 559 22 Sandström Sandström NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 559 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 560 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 560 2 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 560 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 560 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 560 5 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 560 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 560 7 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-290 560 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 560 9 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 560 10 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 560 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 560 12 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 560 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 560 14 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 560 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 561 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 3 despondency despondency NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 6 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 561 8 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 9 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 561 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 561 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 561 12 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 561 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 16 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 561 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 561 18 measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 561 19 quantities quantity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 561 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 22 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 23 decimal decimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 24 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 561 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 27 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 28 discoveries discovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 561 29 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 561 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 561 31 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-290 561 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 33 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 34 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 35 paradigm paradigm NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 561 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 39 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 40 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 41 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 561 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 43 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 561 45 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 46 witnessed witness VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 561 47 truly truly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 561 48 revolutionary revolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 49 discoveries discovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 561 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 561 51 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 52 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 53 radioactivity radioactivity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 561 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 561 56 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 57 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 58 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 561 59 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 60 advance advance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 561 62 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 63 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 64 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 66 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 67 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 561 68 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 69 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 561 70 shared share VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 561 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 561 72 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 73 pessimism pessimism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 74 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 561 75 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 76 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 77 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 561 78 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 561 79 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 561 80 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 562 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 562 2 148 148 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 562 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 562 4 Mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 562 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 562 6 statistics statistic VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 562 7 Nightingale Nightingale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 562 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 562 9 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 562 10 charts chart NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 562 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 562 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 562 13 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 562 14 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 562 15 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 562 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 562 17 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-290 562 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 562 19 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 562 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 562 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 562 22 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 562 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 562 24 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 562 25 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 562 26 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 562 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 562 28 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 562 29 visualisation visualisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 562 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 563 1 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 563 2 Playfair Playfair NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 563 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 563 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 563 5 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 563 6 charts chart NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 563 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 563 9 sorts sort NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 563 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 563 11 justified justify VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 563 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 563 13 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 563 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 563 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 563 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 563 17 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 563 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 563 20 carefully carefully RB en-wikipedia-org-290 563 21 investigated investigate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 563 23 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 24 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 563 26 finds find NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 563 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 563 28 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 563 29 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 563 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 32 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 563 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 563 34 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 563 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 563 36 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 563 37 faint faint JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 563 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 563 39 partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 563 40 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 42 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 563 43 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 563 44 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 563 45 read read VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 46 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 563 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 563 48 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 49 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 563 51 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 52 imprinted imprint VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 53 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 54 sand sand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 563 56 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 563 57 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-290 563 58 totally totally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 563 59 erased erase VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 563 61 defaced deface VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 563 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 563 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 564 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 564 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 564 6 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 7 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 564 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 564 9 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 564 13 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 14 revenue revenue NN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 564 17 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 564 18 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 564 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 564 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 564 21 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 564 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 564 23 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 564 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 25 circles circle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 564 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 564 27 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-290 564 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 564 29 geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 564 30 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 564 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 564 32 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 564 33 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 564 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 565 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 565 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 565 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 565 4 graph graph NN en-wikipedia-org-290 565 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 565 6 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 565 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 565 8 slopes slope NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 565 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 565 10 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 565 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 565 12 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 565 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 565 14 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-290 565 15 burden burden NN en-wikipedia-org-290 565 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 565 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 565 18 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 565 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 565 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 566 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 2 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 566 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 4 nurse nurse NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 566 7 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 566 8 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 566 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 566 10 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 566 11 Nightingale Nightingale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 566 12 drew draw VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 566 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 566 14 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 566 15 pie pie NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 16 charts chart NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 566 17 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 566 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 566 19 monthly monthly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 566 20 fatality fatality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 21 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 566 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 566 24 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 566 26 distinguishing distinguish VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 566 27 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 566 28 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 566 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 30 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 31 wounds wound NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 566 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 566 33 innermost innermost VB en-wikipedia-org-290 566 34 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 566 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 566 37 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 566 38 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 566 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 40 infectious infectious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 566 41 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 566 43 outer outer JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 566 44 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 566 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 566 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 566 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 49 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 566 50 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 566 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 566 52 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 566 53 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-290 566 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 566 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 567 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 567 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-290 567 3 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 567 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 567 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 568 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 568 2 charts chart NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 568 3 clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 568 4 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 568 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 568 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 568 7 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 568 8 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 568 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 568 10 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 568 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 568 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 568 13 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 568 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 568 15 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 568 16 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-290 568 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 568 18 demand demand VB en-wikipedia-org-290 568 19 improved improved JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 568 20 sanitation sanitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 568 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 568 22 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-290 568 23 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 568 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 569 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 569 2 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-290 569 3 charts chart NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 569 4 representing representing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 569 5 frequencies frequency NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 569 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 569 7 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-290 569 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 569 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 569 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 569 11 Frenchman Frenchman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 569 12 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 569 13 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 569 14 Guerry Guerry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 569 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 569 16 1833 1833 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 569 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 569 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 569 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 569 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 569 21 statistician statistician JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 569 22 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 569 23 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 569 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 569 25 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 569 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 569 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 569 28 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-290 569 29 histograms histogram NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 569 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 570 1 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 570 2 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 570 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 570 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 570 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 570 6 1895 1895 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 570 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-290 570 8 mathematically mathematically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 570 9 analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 570 10 biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 570 11 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 570 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 571 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 571 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 571 3 histogram histogram NN en-wikipedia-org-290 571 4 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 571 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 571 6 buttercups buttercup NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 571 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 571 8 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 571 9 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 571 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 571 11 petals petal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 571 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 571 13 rarer rare JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 571 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 572 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 572 2 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 572 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 572 4 Normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 572 5 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 572 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 572 7 expressible expressible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 572 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 572 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 11 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 572 12 = = NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 572 13 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 572 14 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 15 − − NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 572 16 k k NN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 17 x x SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 572 18 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 572 19 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 572 20 \displaystyle \displaystyle CD en-wikipedia-org-290 572 21 y y NN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 22 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 572 23 Ae^{-kx^{2 ae^{-kx^{2 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 24 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 572 25 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 572 26 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 572 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 572 28 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 572 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 30 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 572 31 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 572 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 33 probability probability NN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 572 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 572 36 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 572 38 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 572 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 573 1 Belgian belgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 2 sociologist sociologist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 573 4 statistician statistician NN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 5 Adolphe Adolphe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 573 6 Quetelet Quetelet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 573 7 discovered discover VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 573 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 10 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 573 11 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 12 applicability applicability NN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 15 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 17 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 18 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 573 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 20 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 573 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 22 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 23 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 24 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 573 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 27 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 573 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 30 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 573 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 573 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 33 criminality criminality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 573 35 alcoholism alcoholism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 573 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 574 1 Queletet Queletet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 574 2 derived derive VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 574 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 574 4 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-290 574 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 574 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 574 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 574 8 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 574 9 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-290 574 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 574 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 574 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 574 13 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 574 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 575 1 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 575 2 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 575 3 Galton Galton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 575 4 employed employ VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 575 5 Quetelet Quetelet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 575 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 575 7 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 575 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 575 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 575 10 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 575 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 575 12 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 575 13 biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 575 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 576 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 576 3 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 576 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 5 sweet sweet JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 576 6 peas pea NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 576 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 576 9 1870s 1870 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 576 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 576 11 Galton Galton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 576 12 discovered discover VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 576 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 576 15 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 576 18 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 576 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 576 21 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 576 22 trait trait NN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 23 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 576 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 576 25 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-290 576 26 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 576 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 576 28 generations generation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 576 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 577 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 577 2 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 577 3 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 577 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 577 5 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 577 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 577 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 577 8 quincunx quincunx NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 577 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 577 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 577 11 demonstrate demonstrate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 577 12 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 577 13 mixtures mixture NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 577 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 577 15 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 577 16 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 577 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 577 18 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 577 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 578 1 Galton Galton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 578 2 noticed notice VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 578 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 578 5 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 578 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 578 8 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 578 9 trait trait NN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 578 12 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 13 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 14 differed differ VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 578 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 578 19 parent parent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 20 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 578 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 578 23 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 24 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 578 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 27 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 578 30 mean mean NN en-wikipedia-org-290 578 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 579 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 579 2 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 579 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 579 5 slopes slope NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 579 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 579 8 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 9 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 579 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 579 12 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 13 variables variable NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 579 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 579 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 579 16 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 579 17 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 579 19 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 579 20 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 579 21 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 579 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 579 23 scaled scale VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 25 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 579 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 27 probable probable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 579 28 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 579 30 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 579 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 579 32 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 579 35 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 36 coefficient coefficient NN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 579 38 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 579 39 noted note VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 579 40 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 41 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 42 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 579 43 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 579 44 imply imply VB en-wikipedia-org-290 579 45 causation causation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 579 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 580 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 580 2 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 580 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 580 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 580 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 580 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 580 7 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 580 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 580 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 580 10 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 580 11 statisticians statistician NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 580 12 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 580 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 580 14 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 580 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 580 16 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 580 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 580 18 relate relate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 580 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 580 20 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-290 580 21 conclusions conclusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 580 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 580 23 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 580 24 quantities quantity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 580 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 581 1 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 581 2 Edgeworth Edgeworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 581 3 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 581 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 581 5 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-290 581 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 581 7 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 581 8 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 581 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 581 10 estimated estimate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 581 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 581 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 581 13 fluctuations"—twice fluctuations"—twice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 581 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 581 15 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 581 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 581 17 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 581 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-290 581 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 581 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 581 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 581 22 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 581 23 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 581 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 582 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 582 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 582 3 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 582 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 582 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 582 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 582 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 582 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 582 9 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 582 10 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 582 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 582 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 582 13 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 582 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 582 15 drawing draw VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 582 16 conclusions conclusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 582 17 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 582 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 582 19 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 582 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 582 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 582 22 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 582 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 583 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 2 Edgeworth Edgeworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 583 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 583 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 583 5 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 583 7 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 583 8 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 583 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 583 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 583 13 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 15 0.005 0.005 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 583 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 583 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 583 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 583 19 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 583 20 stricter strict JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 583 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 583 23 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 25 0.05 0.05 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 583 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 583 27 0.01 0.01 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 583 28 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 583 29 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 30 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 583 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 584 1 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 584 2 defined define VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 584 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 584 4 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 584 5 deviation deviation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 584 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 584 7 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 584 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 584 9 χ χ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 584 10 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 584 11 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 584 12 \displaystyle \displaystyle CD en-wikipedia-org-290 584 13 \chi \chi NN en-wikipedia-org-290 584 14 ^{2 ^{2 NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 584 15 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 584 16 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 584 17 -statistic -statistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 584 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 584 19 chi chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 584 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 584 21 squared squared JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 584 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 584 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 585 1 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 585 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 585 3 student student NN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 585 5 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 585 6 Udney Udney NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 585 7 Yule Yule NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 585 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 585 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 585 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 11 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 585 12 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 585 13 compute compute VB en-wikipedia-org-290 585 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 585 15 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 16 equation equation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 585 19 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 20 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 21 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 22 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 585 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 585 24 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 585 26 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 585 27 squares square NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 585 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 586 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 586 2 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 586 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 586 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 5 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 586 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 586 7 miller miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 586 9 autodidactic autodidactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 586 10 mathematician mathematician NN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 11 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 12 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 13 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 586 14 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 586 15 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 586 18 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 20 Mathematical Mathematical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 21 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 586 24 Theories Theories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 586 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 26 Electricity Electricity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 586 28 Magnetism Magnetism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 586 30 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 586 31 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 586 34 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 586 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 36 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 586 37 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 38 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 586 40 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 586 41 mathematicians mathematician NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 586 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 587 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 587 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 587 3 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 587 4 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 587 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 587 6 deaf deaf JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 587 7 ears ear NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 587 8 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 587 9 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 587 10 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 587 11 read read VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 587 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 587 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 587 14 realised realise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 587 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 587 16 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 587 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 587 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 587 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 587 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 587 21 re re VB en-wikipedia-org-290 587 22 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 587 23 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 587 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 587 25 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 587 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 588 1 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 588 3 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 588 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 588 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 588 6 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-290 588 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 588 8 inspiration inspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 588 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 588 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 588 11 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 12 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-290 588 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 588 14 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 588 15 physicists physicist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 588 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 588 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 588 18 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 588 19 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 20 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 588 22 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 23 Gabriel Gabriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 24 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 588 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 588 27 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 28 Clerk Clerk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 29 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 588 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 589 1 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 589 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 589 3 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 589 4 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 589 5 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 589 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 589 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 9 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 589 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 589 11 theorem theorem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 589 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 589 14 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 589 15 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 17 vector vector NN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 18 calculus calculus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 589 20 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 589 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 589 22 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 589 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 589 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 589 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 589 26 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 28 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 589 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 589 30 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 589 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 589 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 589 33 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 589 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 589 36 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 38 differential differential NN en-wikipedia-org-290 589 39 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 589 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 590 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 590 2 150][151 150][151 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 590 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 590 4 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 590 5 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 590 6 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-290 590 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 590 8 prove prove VB en-wikipedia-org-290 590 9 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 590 10 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 590 11 theorem theorem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 590 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 590 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 590 14 earned earn VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 590 15 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 590 16 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-290 590 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 590 18 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 590 19 asked ask VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 590 20 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 590 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 590 22 prove prove VB en-wikipedia-org-290 590 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 590 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 590 25 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 590 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 590 27 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 590 28 exam exam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 590 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 590 30 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 590 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 591 1 Stokes stoke NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 591 2 learned learn VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 591 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 591 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 591 5 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 591 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 591 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 591 8 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 591 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 591 10 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 591 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 592 1 Stokes stoke NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 592 2 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 592 3 theorem theorem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 592 4 generalises generalise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 592 5 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 592 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 592 7 theorem theorem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 592 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 592 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 592 10 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 592 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 592 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 592 13 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 592 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 592 15 dimensional dimensional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 592 16 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-290 592 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 592 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 592 19 Fundamental Fundamental NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 592 20 Theorem Theorem NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 592 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 592 22 Calculus Calculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 592 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 593 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 593 2 151][152 151][152 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 593 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 593 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 593 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 6 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 7 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 593 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 9 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 593 10 elasticity elasticity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 593 12 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 13 conduction conduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 593 15 hydrodynamics hydrodynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 593 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 593 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 593 18 electromagnetism electromagnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 593 20 motivated motivate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 593 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 593 22 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 24 vector vector NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 25 calculus calculus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 593 28 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 593 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 593 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 594 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 594 2 150][152 150][152 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 594 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 594 4 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 594 5 Cayley Cayley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 594 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 594 7 credited credit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 594 10 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 594 13 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 15 matrices matrix NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 594 16 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 594 17 rectangular rectangular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 594 18 arrays array NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 594 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 20 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 594 21 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 594 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 23 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 594 24 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 594 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 26 determinants determinant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 594 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 594 28 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 29 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 594 31 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 594 32 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 594 33 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 594 34 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 594 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 595 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 595 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 595 3 matrix matrix NN en-wikipedia-org-290 595 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 595 5 coined coin VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 595 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 595 7 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 595 8 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 595 9 Sylvester Sylvester NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 595 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 595 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 595 12 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 595 13 contributor contributor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 595 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 595 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 595 16 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 595 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 595 18 determinants determinant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 595 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 596 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 596 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 596 3 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 596 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 596 5 overestimate overestimate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 596 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 596 7 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 596 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 596 9 matrix matrix NN en-wikipedia-org-290 596 10 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 596 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 596 12 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 596 13 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 596 14 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-290 596 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 597 1 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 597 2 Tait Tait NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 597 3 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 597 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 597 5 prophetically prophetically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 597 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 597 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 597 8 Cayley Cayley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 597 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 597 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 597 11 forging forge VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 597 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 597 13 weapons weapon NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 597 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 597 15 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 597 16 generations generation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 597 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 597 18 physicists physicist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 597 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 598 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 598 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 598 3 153 153 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 598 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 598 5 Theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 598 6 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 598 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 598 8 optics optic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 598 9 Unsolved Unsolved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 598 10 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 598 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 598 12 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-290 598 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 598 14 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 598 15 what what WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 598 16 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 598 17 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 598 18 solutions solution NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 598 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 598 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 598 21 Navier Navier NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 598 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 598 23 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 598 24 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 598 25 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 598 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 598 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 598 28 smooth smooth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 598 29 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 599 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 599 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 599 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 599 4 Millennium Millennium NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 599 5 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 599 6 Problem Problem NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 599 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 599 8 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 599 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 600 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 600 2 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 600 3 unsolved unsolved JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 600 4 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 600 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 600 6 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-290 600 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 600 8 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 600 9 contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 600 10 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 600 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 600 12 elasticity elasticity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 600 13 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 600 14 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 600 15 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 600 16 behave behave VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 600 17 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 600 18 stresses stress NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 600 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 600 20 pressures pressure NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 600 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 600 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 600 23 loads load NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 600 24 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 600 25 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 600 26 ad ad NN en-wikipedia-org-290 600 27 hoc hoc FW en-wikipedia-org-290 600 28 hypotheses hypothesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 600 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 600 30 solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-290 600 31 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 600 32 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 600 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 601 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 601 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 601 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 601 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 601 5 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 601 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 601 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 601 8 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 601 9 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 601 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 601 11 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-290 601 12 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 601 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 601 14 thorough thorough JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 601 15 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 601 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 602 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 2 1821 1821 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 602 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 602 4 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 602 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 602 6 analogy analogy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 8 elastic elastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 602 9 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 602 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 602 11 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 602 12 professor professor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 14 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 602 15 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 602 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 602 17 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 602 18 Navier Navier NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 602 19 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 602 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 602 22 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 602 23 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 602 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 25 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 602 27 viscous viscous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 602 28 fluids fluid NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 602 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 603 1 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 603 2 Gabriel Gabriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 603 3 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 603 4 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 5 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 6 derived derive VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 603 7 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 603 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 9 1845 1845 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 603 10 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 603 11 continuum continuum JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 603 12 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 603 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 603 15 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 16 titled title VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 603 18 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 603 20 Theories Theories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 603 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 22 Internal Internal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 603 23 Friction Friction NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 603 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 25 Fluids Fluids NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 603 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 603 27 Motion Motion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 603 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 603 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 604 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 604 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 604 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 604 4 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 604 5 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 604 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 604 7 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-290 604 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 604 9 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 604 10 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-290 604 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 604 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 604 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 604 14 fluids fluid NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 604 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 604 16 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 604 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 604 18 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-290 604 19 viscosity viscosity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 604 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 604 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 604 22 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 604 23 friction friction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 604 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 605 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 605 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 605 3 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 605 4 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 605 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 605 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 605 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 605 8 Navier Navier NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 605 9 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 605 10 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 605 11 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 605 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 606 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 606 2 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 606 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 606 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 606 5 1852 1852 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 606 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 606 7 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 606 8 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 606 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 606 10 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 606 11 polarisation polarisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 606 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-290 606 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 606 14 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 606 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 606 16 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 606 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 606 18 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 606 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 606 20 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 606 21 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 606 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 606 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 606 24 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 606 25 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 606 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 607 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 607 2 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 607 3 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 607 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 607 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 607 6 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 607 7 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-290 607 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-290 607 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 607 10 viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 607 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 607 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 607 13 vector vector NN en-wikipedia-org-290 607 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 608 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 608 2 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 608 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 608 4 Founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 608 7 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 608 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 608 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 608 11 calculus calculus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 13 variations variation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 608 14 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 608 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 608 17 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 608 18 favored favor VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 19 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 608 20 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 21 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 608 22 physicists physicist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 608 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 609 1 Scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 609 2 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 609 3 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 609 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 609 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 609 6 impetus impetus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 609 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 609 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 609 9 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 609 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 609 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 609 12 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-290 609 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 610 1 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 610 2 Rowan Rowan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 610 3 Hamilton Hamilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 610 4 advanced advance VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 610 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 610 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 610 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 610 8 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-290 610 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 610 10 construct construct VB en-wikipedia-org-290 610 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 610 12 deductive deductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 610 13 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-290 610 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 610 15 optics optic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 610 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 610 17 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 610 18 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 610 19 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 610 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 610 21 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 610 22 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 610 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 610 24 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 610 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 611 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 611 2 156 156 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 611 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 611 4 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 611 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 611 6 appropriate appropriate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 611 7 variational variational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 611 8 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 611 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 611 10 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 611 11 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 611 12 deduce deduce VB en-wikipedia-org-290 611 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 611 14 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 611 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 611 16 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 611 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 611 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 611 19 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 611 20 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 611 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 611 22 optical optical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 611 23 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 611 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 612 1 Soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-290 612 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 612 3 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 612 4 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 612 5 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 612 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 612 7 variational variational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 612 8 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 612 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 612 11 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 13 elasticity elasticity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 612 15 electromagnetism electromagnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 612 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 612 18 fluid fluid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 612 19 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 612 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 612 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 612 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 612 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 612 25 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 612 27 relativity relativity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 612 29 quantum quantum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 30 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 612 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 612 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 613 1 Whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 2 variational variational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 613 3 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 613 4 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 613 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 613 6 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 613 7 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-290 613 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 613 9 simpler simple JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 613 10 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 613 12 solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-290 613 13 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 613 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 613 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 613 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 613 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 18 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 20 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 613 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 613 22 aesthetic aesthetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 613 23 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 613 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 613 25 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 26 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 613 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 613 29 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 613 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 613 32 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 613 33 motivated motivate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 35 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 37 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 613 38 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 613 40 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 613 41 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 613 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 614 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 614 2 156 156 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 614 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 614 4 Hamilton Hamilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 614 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 614 6 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 8 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 614 10 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 614 11 achievement achievement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 614 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 614 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 614 15 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 614 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 614 17 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-290 614 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 614 19 unifying unifying JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 614 20 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 614 21 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 23 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 24 propagation propagation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 614 26 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 27 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 614 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 615 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 615 2 157 157 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 615 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 615 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 5 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 615 8 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 615 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 615 11 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 615 12 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 615 13 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 615 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 615 15 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 615 17 corpuscle corpuscle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 18 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 615 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 20 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 615 22 equally equally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 615 23 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 615 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 615 25 account account VB en-wikipedia-org-290 615 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 615 28 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 615 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 30 reflection reflection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 615 32 refraction refraction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 615 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 616 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 616 2 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 616 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 616 4 Hamilton Hamilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 616 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 616 6 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 616 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 616 8 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 616 9 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 616 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 616 11 calculating calculate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 616 12 planetary planetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 616 13 orbits orbit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 616 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 617 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 617 2 157 157 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 617 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 617 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 5 1845 1845 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 617 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 617 7 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 617 8 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 617 9 Waterson Waterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 617 10 submitted submit VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 617 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 13 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 617 14 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 617 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 16 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 19 kinetic kinetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 617 20 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 22 gases gas NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 617 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 24 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 617 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 26 statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 29 equipartition equipartition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 30 theorem theorem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 617 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 33 calculation calculation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 36 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 617 39 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 617 40 heats heat NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 617 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 617 42 gases gas NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 617 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 618 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 618 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 618 3 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 618 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 618 5 read read VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 618 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 618 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 618 8 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 618 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 618 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 618 11 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 618 12 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 618 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 618 14 Waterson Waterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 618 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 618 16 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-290 618 17 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 618 18 antipathy antipathy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 618 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 619 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 619 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 619 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 619 6 kinetic kinetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 619 7 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 9 gases gas NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 619 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 619 11 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 12 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 619 13 speculative speculative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 619 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 619 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 619 17 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 619 20 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 619 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 619 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 619 23 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 24 atomic atomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 619 25 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 619 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 620 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 620 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 620 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 620 4 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 620 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 620 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 620 7 mid-1850s mid-1850 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 620 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 620 9 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 620 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 620 11 revived revive VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 620 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 621 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 621 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 621 3 1860s 1860 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 621 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 621 5 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 621 6 Clerk Clerk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 621 7 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 621 8 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 621 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 621 10 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 621 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 621 12 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 621 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 621 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 621 15 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-290 621 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 622 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-290 622 2 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 622 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 622 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 622 5 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 622 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 622 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 622 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 622 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 622 10 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 622 11 averages average NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 622 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 622 13 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 622 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 622 15 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 622 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 622 17 explicitly explicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 622 18 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 622 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 622 20 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 622 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 623 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 623 2 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 623 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 623 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 623 5 speeds speed NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 623 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 623 7 molecules molecule NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 623 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 623 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 623 10 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-290 623 11 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 623 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 623 13 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 623 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 624 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 624 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 624 3 speeds speed NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 624 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 624 5 cluster cluster VB en-wikipedia-org-290 624 6 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-290 624 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 624 8 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-290 624 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 624 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 624 11 molecules molecule NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 624 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 624 13 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 624 14 faster fast RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 624 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 624 16 slower slow JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 624 17 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 624 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 624 19 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-290 624 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 625 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 625 2 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 625 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 625 5 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 625 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 625 8 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 10 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 625 12 mathematically mathematically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 625 13 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 625 14 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 625 15 properties property NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 625 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 17 gases gas NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 625 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 625 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 625 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 21 diffusion diffusion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 625 23 viscosity viscosity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 625 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 626 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 626 2 predicted predict VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 626 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 626 4 surprisingly surprisingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 626 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 626 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 626 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 626 8 viscosity viscosity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 626 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 626 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 626 11 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-290 626 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 626 13 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 626 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 626 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 626 16 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-290 626 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 627 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 627 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 627 3 verified verify VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 627 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 627 5 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-290 627 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 627 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 627 8 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 627 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 627 10 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 627 11 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 627 12 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 627 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 627 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 627 15 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-290 627 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 627 17 Katherine Katherine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 627 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 628 1 Experimental experimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 628 2 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-290 628 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 628 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 628 5 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 628 6 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 628 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 628 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 628 9 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 628 10 till till IN en-wikipedia-org-290 628 11 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 628 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 628 13 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 628 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 628 15 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 628 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 629 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 629 3 meantime meantime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 629 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 629 6 Austrian Austrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 629 7 Ludwig Ludwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 629 8 Boltzmann Boltzmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 629 9 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 629 10 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 629 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 629 12 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 629 13 further far RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 629 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 629 15 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 629 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 629 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 18 1872 1872 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 629 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 629 20 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 629 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 629 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 629 23 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 24 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 629 25 \displaystyle \displaystyle CD en-wikipedia-org-290 629 26 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 27 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 629 28 -function -function NN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 629 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 629 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 629 33 Maxwellian maxwellian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 629 34 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 629 36 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 629 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 629 38 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-290 629 39 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 629 40 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 629 41 Maxwellian maxwellian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 629 42 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 43 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 629 44 morph morph VB en-wikipedia-org-290 629 45 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 629 46 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 629 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 630 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 630 2 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 630 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 630 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 630 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 630 6 Dynamics dynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 630 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 630 8 Rigid Rigid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 9 Bodies Bodies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 630 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 630 11 1877 1877 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 630 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 630 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 630 14 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 15 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 16 Routh Routh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 17 noted note VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 630 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 630 19 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 630 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 630 21 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 22 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 23 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 630 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 630 25 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 630 26 coordinates coordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 630 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 630 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 630 29 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 630 30 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 630 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 630 32 cyclic cyclic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 630 33 coordinates coordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 630 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 630 35 ignorable ignorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 630 36 coordinates coordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 630 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 630 38 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 630 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 630 40 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 630 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 630 42 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 43 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 44 Whittaker Whittaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 630 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 630 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 631 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 631 2 coordinates coordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 631 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 631 4 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 631 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 631 6 conserved conserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 631 7 momenta momenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 631 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 631 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 631 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 631 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 631 12 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 631 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 631 14 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 631 15 solving solve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 631 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 632 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 632 2 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 632 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 632 4 Routh Routh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 632 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 632 6 devised devise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 632 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 632 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 632 9 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-290 632 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 632 11 solving solve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 632 12 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 632 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 632 14 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 632 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 633 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 2 Routh Routh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 633 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 633 4 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 5 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 633 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 633 7 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-290 633 8 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-290 633 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 633 10 insights insight NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 633 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 633 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 633 13 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 633 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 15 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 633 16 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 633 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 633 18 convenient convenient JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 633 19 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 633 21 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 633 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 23 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 633 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 25 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 633 26 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 633 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 28 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 633 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 633 31 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 633 32 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 633 33 cyclic cyclic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 633 34 coordinates coordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 633 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 634 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 634 2 162][163 162][163 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 634 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 634 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 5 1899 1899 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 634 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 634 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 634 9 request request NN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 634 11 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 12 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 634 15 Advancement Advancement NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 17 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 634 20 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 21 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-290 634 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 634 23 Edmund Edmund NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 24 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 25 Whittaker Whittaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 26 submitted submit VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 634 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 634 28 Report report NN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 634 31 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 33 Solution Solution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 634 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 634 36 Problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 634 38 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 634 39 Bodies Bodies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 634 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 635 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 635 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 635 5 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 635 6 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 635 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 8 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 635 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 635 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 635 11 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 635 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 635 13 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 14 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 16 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 635 17 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 635 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 635 19 imagination imagination NN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 21 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 635 22 talented talented JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 635 23 mathematicians mathematician NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 635 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 635 25 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 635 26 contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 635 27 Whittaker Whittaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 635 28 covered cover VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 635 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 635 30 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 635 31 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 635 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 636 1 Whittaker Whittaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 636 2 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 636 3 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 636 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 636 5 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 636 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 636 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 636 8 textbook textbook NN en-wikipedia-org-290 636 9 titled title VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 636 10 Analytical Analytical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 636 11 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 636 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 636 13 Particles Particles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 636 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 636 15 Rigid Rigid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 636 16 Bodies Bodies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 636 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 636 18 first first NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 636 19 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 636 20 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 636 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 636 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 637 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 637 2 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 637 3 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-290 637 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 637 5 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 637 6 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 637 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 637 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 637 9 aerospace aerospace NN en-wikipedia-org-290 637 10 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 637 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 637 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 637 13 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 637 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 637 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 638 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-290 638 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 638 3 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 638 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 638 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 638 6 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 638 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 638 8 print print NN en-wikipedia-org-290 638 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 638 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 638 11 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 638 12 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 638 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 638 14 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 638 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 638 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 639 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 639 2 164 164 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 639 4 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 639 6 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 7 engines engine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 639 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 639 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 639 10 refrigerators refrigerator NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 639 11 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 12 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 639 14 knighted knight VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 16 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 17 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 19 1866 1866 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 639 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 639 21 elevated elevate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 23 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 24 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 26 Largs Largs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 639 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 28 1892 1892 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 639 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 639 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 639 31 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 639 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 639 34 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 639 35 physicists physicist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 639 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 37 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 639 38 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-290 639 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 640 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 640 3 1830s 1830 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 640 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 640 5 1840s 1840 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 640 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 640 7 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 640 8 caloric caloric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 640 9 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 11 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 12 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 640 13 losing lose VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 640 14 favour favour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 640 17 dynamical dynamical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 640 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 640 19 alternatives alternative NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 640 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 640 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 640 22 posit posit VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 640 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 24 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 640 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 640 27 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 29 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 640 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 641 1 Brewer brewer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 641 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 641 3 amateur amateur NN en-wikipedia-org-290 641 4 scientist scientist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 641 5 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 641 6 Prescott Prescott NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 641 7 Joule Joule NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 641 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 641 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 641 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 641 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 641 12 proponents proponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 641 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 641 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 641 15 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 641 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 642 1 Joule Joule NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 642 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 642 3 intricate intricate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 642 4 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 642 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 642 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 642 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 642 8 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 642 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 642 11 involved involve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 642 12 heating heating NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 13 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 15 paddle paddle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 16 wheels wheel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 642 17 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 642 18 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 642 19 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 642 20 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 642 23 skill skill NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 25 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 26 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 642 29 brewer brewer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 642 31 demonstrated demonstrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 642 32 decisively decisively RB en-wikipedia-org-290 642 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 642 34 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 642 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 642 38 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 642 39 equivalent equivalent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 41 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 642 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 642 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 643 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 643 2 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 643 3 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 643 4 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-290 643 5 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 643 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 643 9 conservation conservation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 11 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 643 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 643 14 pursued pursue VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 643 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 643 18 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 643 19 approaching approach VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 643 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 643 21 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 643 24 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 26 backgrounds background NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 643 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 643 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 29 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 643 31 physiology physiology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 33 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 643 35 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 643 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 644 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 644 2 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 644 3 contributor contributor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 644 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 644 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 644 6 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 644 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 644 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 644 9 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 644 10 researcher researcher NN en-wikipedia-org-290 644 11 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 644 12 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 644 13 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 644 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 644 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 644 16 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 644 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 644 18 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 644 19 Newtonian Newtonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 644 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 644 21 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-290 644 22 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-290 644 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 644 24 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 644 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 644 26 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-290 644 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 645 1 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 645 2 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 645 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 645 4 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 645 5 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 645 6 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 645 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 645 8 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 645 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 645 10 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 645 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 645 12 Joule Joule NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 645 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 645 14 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 645 15 positively positively RB en-wikipedia-org-290 645 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 645 17 embracing embrace VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 645 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 645 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 645 20 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 645 21 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-290 645 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 645 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 645 24 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 645 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 645 26 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 645 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 645 28 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 645 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 646 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 646 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 646 3 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 646 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 646 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 646 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 646 7 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 646 8 1840s 1840 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 646 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 646 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 646 11 1850s 1850s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 646 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 646 13 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 646 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 646 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 646 16 friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-290 646 17 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 646 18 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 646 19 Macquorn Macquorn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 646 20 Rankine Rankine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 646 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 646 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 646 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 646 24 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 646 25 Rudolf Rudolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 646 26 Clausius Clausius NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 646 27 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 646 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 646 29 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 646 30 stream stream NN en-wikipedia-org-290 646 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 646 32 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 646 33 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 646 34 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 646 35 engines engine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 646 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 646 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 646 38 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 646 39 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 646 40 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-290 646 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 647 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-290 647 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 647 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 647 4 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 647 5 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 647 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 647 7 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 647 8 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 647 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 647 10 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-290 647 11 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 647 12 apparent apparent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 647 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 647 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 647 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 647 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 647 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 647 18 businessmen businessman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 647 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 647 20 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-290 647 21 willing willing JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 647 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 647 23 offer offer VB en-wikipedia-org-290 647 24 generous generous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 647 25 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 647 26 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-290 647 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 647 28 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 647 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 648 1 Rankine rankine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 2 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 648 3 confidently confidently RB en-wikipedia-org-290 648 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 648 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 648 7 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 9 thermodynamics thermodynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 648 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 648 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 648 12 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 13 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 648 14 coined coin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 648 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 16 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 648 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 648 18 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 648 19 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 648 20 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 648 21 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 648 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 648 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 648 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 648 27 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 648 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 648 29 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 648 30 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 648 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 648 32 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 648 33 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 34 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 648 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 648 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 648 37 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 648 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 648 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 648 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 648 41 entropy entropy JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 648 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 649 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 649 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 649 3 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 649 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 649 5 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 649 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 649 7 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 649 8 Guthrie Guthrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 649 9 Tait Tait NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 649 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 649 11 Treatise Treatise NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 649 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 649 13 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 649 14 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 649 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 649 16 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 649 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 649 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 649 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 649 20 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-290 649 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 649 22 reformulate reformulate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 649 23 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-290 649 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 649 25 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 649 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 649 27 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 649 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 650 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-290 650 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 650 3 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 650 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 650 5 Tait Tait NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 650 6 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 650 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 650 8 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-290 650 9 kinetic kinetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 650 10 energy energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 650 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 650 12 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-290 650 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 650 14 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 650 15 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 650 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 650 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 650 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 650 19 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 650 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 650 21 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 650 22 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 650 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 651 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 651 2 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-290 651 3 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 651 4 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 651 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 651 6 promoted promote VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 651 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 651 8 Rankine Rankine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 651 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 652 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 652 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 652 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 652 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 652 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 652 6 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 652 7 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-290 652 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 652 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 652 10 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-290 652 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 652 12 preserving preserve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 652 13 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 652 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 652 15 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 652 16 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 652 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 652 18 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-290 652 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 652 20 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 652 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 653 1 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 653 2 ice ice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 653 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 653 4 vigorously vigorously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 653 5 traded trade VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 653 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 653 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 653 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 653 9 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 653 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 653 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 653 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 653 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 653 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 653 15 inevitably inevitably RB en-wikipedia-org-290 653 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 653 17 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 653 18 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-290 653 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 653 20 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 653 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 653 22 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 653 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 654 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 654 3 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 654 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 654 5 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 654 6 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 654 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 654 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 654 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 654 10 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 654 11 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 654 12 incentive incentive NN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 654 14 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-290 654 15 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-290 654 16 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 654 17 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 654 18 refrigerators refrigerator NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 654 19 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 654 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 654 22 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 24 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 654 27 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 654 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 654 29 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 654 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 654 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 654 32 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 654 33 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 654 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 654 35 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 654 36 urbanization urbanization NN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 654 38 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 654 39 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 654 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 655 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 655 3 1830s 1830 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 655 4 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-290 655 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 655 6 refrigerators refrigerator NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 655 7 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 655 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 655 10 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 12 compressed compress VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 13 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 655 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 655 16 evaporation evaporation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 655 19 volatile volatile JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 655 20 liquid liquid NN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 655 22 evaporation evaporation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 23 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 655 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 655 25 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 27 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 655 28 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 655 29 refrigerator refrigerator NN en-wikipedia-org-290 655 30 designs design NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 655 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 656 1 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 656 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 656 3 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 656 4 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-290 656 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 656 6 perishable perishable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 656 7 foods food NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 656 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 656 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 656 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 656 11 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 656 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 656 13 boomed boom VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 656 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 656 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 656 16 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 656 17 1800s 1800 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 656 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 657 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 657 2 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 657 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 657 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 657 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 657 6 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 657 7 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-290 657 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 657 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 657 10 refrigeration refrigeration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 657 11 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 657 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 657 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 657 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 657 15 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 657 16 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 657 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 658 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 658 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 658 3 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 658 4 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 658 5 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-290 658 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 658 7 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 658 8 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 658 9 deduced deduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 658 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 658 11 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 658 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 658 13 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 658 14 zero zero CD en-wikipedia-org-290 658 15 occurring occur VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 658 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 658 17 −273.15 −273.15 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 658 18 ° ° NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 658 19 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 658 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 659 1 Scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 659 2 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 659 3 trying try VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 659 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 659 5 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-290 659 6 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-290 659 7 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 659 8 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 659 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 659 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 659 11 liquefy liquefy VB en-wikipedia-org-290 659 12 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-290 659 13 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-290 659 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 659 15 encountered encounter VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 659 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 660 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 660 2 paved pave VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 660 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 660 4 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 660 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 660 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 660 7 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 660 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 660 9 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 660 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 660 11 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 660 12 physics physic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 660 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 660 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 660 15 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 660 16 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 660 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 660 18 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 660 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 661 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 661 2 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 661 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 661 4 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 661 5 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 6 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 661 7 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 9 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 661 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 661 12 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 661 13 powerfully powerfully RB en-wikipedia-org-290 661 14 advanced advance VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 16 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 661 17 Darwin Darwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 661 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 661 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 661 20 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 22 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 23 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-290 661 24 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 26 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 661 27 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 28 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 661 30 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 661 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 32 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 661 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 661 34 1859 1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 661 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 662 1 Research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 662 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 662 3 geology geology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 662 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 662 5 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 662 6 biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 662 7 naturally naturally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 662 8 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 662 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 662 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 662 11 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-290 662 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 662 13 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 662 14 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 662 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 662 16 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 662 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 662 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 663 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-290 663 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 663 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 663 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 663 5 mid-1700s mid-1700 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 663 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 663 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 663 8 mid-1800s mid-1800 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 663 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 663 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 663 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 663 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 663 13 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 663 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 663 15 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 663 16 sophisticated sophisticated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 663 17 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 663 18 discussions discussion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 663 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 664 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 664 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 664 3 advent advent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 664 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 664 5 thermodynamics thermodynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 664 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 664 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 664 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 664 9 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 664 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 664 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 664 12 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 664 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 664 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 664 15 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 664 16 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 664 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 664 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 664 19 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 664 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 664 21 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 664 22 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 664 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 665 1 Whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 665 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 665 3 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 665 4 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-290 665 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 665 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 665 7 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 665 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 665 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 665 10 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 665 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 665 12 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 665 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 665 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 665 15 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 665 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 665 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 665 18 constantly constantly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 665 19 dissipating dissipate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 665 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 665 21 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 665 22 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 665 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 665 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 665 25 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-290 665 26 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 665 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 665 28 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 665 29 runs run VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 665 30 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-290 665 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 665 32 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 665 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 666 1 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 666 2 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 666 3 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 666 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 5 1852 1852 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 666 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 666 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 666 8 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-290 666 9 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 11 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 666 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 14 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 15 past past IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 17 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 18 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 666 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 666 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 666 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 666 23 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 25 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 666 26 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 28 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 666 30 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-290 666 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 32 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 33 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 666 34 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-290 666 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 666 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 666 37 unfit unfit JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 666 38 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 40 habitation habitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 42 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 44 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 45 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 666 46 constituted constituted JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 666 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 666 48 unless unless IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 49 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 666 50 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 666 51 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 666 53 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 666 54 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 666 55 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 666 56 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 666 57 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 666 59 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 60 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 666 61 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 666 62 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 64 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 666 65 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 666 66 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 666 68 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 666 69 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 666 70 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 666 71 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-290 666 72 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 666 73 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 666 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 666 75 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 667 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 667 3 1860s 1860 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 667 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 667 5 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 667 6 employed employ VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 667 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 667 8 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 667 9 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 11 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 667 12 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 667 13 suggesting suggest VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 667 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 667 16 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 667 19 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 667 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 667 21 released release VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 22 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 23 gravitational gravitational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 667 24 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 667 26 calculate calculate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 667 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 667 28 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 667 31 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 667 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 667 33 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 667 34 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 667 35 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 667 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 667 37 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 667 38 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 667 39 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 667 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 668 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 668 2 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 668 3 comparable comparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 668 4 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 668 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 668 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 668 7 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 668 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 669 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 669 2 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 669 3 ingredient ingredient NN en-wikipedia-org-290 669 4 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-290 669 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 669 6 radioactivity radioactivity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 669 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 669 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 669 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 669 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 669 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 669 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 669 13 science science VB en-wikipedia-org-290 669 14 till till IN en-wikipedia-org-290 669 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 669 16 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 669 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 669 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 669 19 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 669 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 669 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 670 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 670 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 670 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 670 4 Electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 670 6 magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 670 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 670 9 electrification electrification NN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 10 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 11 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 12 delivering deliver VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 670 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 670 14 Christmas Christmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 15 Lecture Lecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 670 18 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 19 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 20 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 670 22 Dane Dane NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 23 Hans Hans NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 24 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 25 Orsted Orsted NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 26 demonstrated demonstrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 670 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 670 30 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 670 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 670 32 deflect deflect VB en-wikipedia-org-290 670 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 670 34 magnetic magnetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 670 35 needle needle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 37 closing close VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 670 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 670 39 opening open VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 670 40 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 670 41 electric electric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 670 42 circuit circuit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 43 nearby nearby RB en-wikipedia-org-290 670 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 670 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 670 46 deluge deluge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 48 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 670 49 attempting attempt VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 670 50 explain explain VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 670 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 670 52 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 53 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 670 54 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 670 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 671 1 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 671 2 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 671 3 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 671 4 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 671 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 671 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 671 7 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-290 671 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 671 9 clarifying clarify VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 671 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 671 11 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 671 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 671 13 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 671 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 671 15 magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 671 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 671 17 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 671 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 672 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 2 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 672 3 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 672 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 672 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 672 6 devised devise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 672 7 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 672 8 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 672 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 672 10 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 672 14 electric electric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 672 15 motor motor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 672 17 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 672 19 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 672 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 672 21 resemble resemble VB en-wikipedia-org-290 672 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 23 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 672 24 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 672 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 672 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 28 transformer transformer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 672 30 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 672 31 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 672 33 step step VB en-wikipedia-org-290 672 34 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 672 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 36 voltage voltage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 672 38 step step VB en-wikipedia-org-290 672 39 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-290 672 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 41 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 672 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 672 43 vice vice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 44 versa versa RB en-wikipedia-org-290 672 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 672 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 672 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 672 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 49 dynamo dynamo NN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 672 51 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 52 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 672 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 54 basics basic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 672 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 56 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 672 57 electric electric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 672 58 turbine turbine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 672 59 generators generator NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 672 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 672 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 673 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 673 2 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 673 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 673 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 673 5 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 673 6 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 8 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 673 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 673 10 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 12 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 673 14 magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 673 16 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 17 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 673 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 19 revolutionary revolutionary NN en-wikipedia-org-290 673 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 674 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 674 2 dynamo dynamo NN en-wikipedia-org-290 674 3 converts convert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 674 4 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 674 5 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 674 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 674 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 674 8 electrical electrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 674 9 current current NN en-wikipedia-org-290 674 10 whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-290 674 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 674 12 motor motor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 674 13 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 674 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 674 15 reverse reverse NN en-wikipedia-org-290 674 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 675 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 675 2 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 675 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 675 5 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 6 plants plant NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 675 7 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 675 8 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 10 1883 1883 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 675 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 675 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 675 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 675 15 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 675 16 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 675 18 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 675 19 realized realize VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 675 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 675 21 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 23 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 675 24 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 675 26 power power VB en-wikipedia-org-290 675 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 675 28 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 30 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-290 675 31 appliances appliance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 675 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 676 1 Inventors inventor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 676 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 676 3 engineers engineer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 676 4 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-290 676 5 raced race VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 676 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 676 7 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-290 676 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 676 9 items item NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 676 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 676 11 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 676 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 676 13 affordable affordable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 676 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 676 15 durable durable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 676 16 incandescent incandescent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 676 17 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 676 18 bulbs bulb NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 676 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 676 20 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-290 676 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 676 22 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 676 23 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 676 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 676 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 676 26 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 676 27 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 676 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 676 29 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 676 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 677 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 677 2 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 677 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 677 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 677 6 foremost foremost JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 677 7 expert expert NN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 9 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 677 11 magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 677 14 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 677 16 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 677 17 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 677 18 oversaw oversee VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 677 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 677 20 laying laying NN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 677 23 trans trans JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 677 24 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 677 25 Atlantic atlantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 677 26 telegraphic telegraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 677 27 cable cable NN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 677 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 677 30 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 677 31 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 677 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 677 33 1866 1866 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 677 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 678 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 678 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 678 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 678 4 Drawing draw VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 678 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 678 7 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 678 10 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 678 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 678 12 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 678 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 678 14 experimental experimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 678 15 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 17 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 18 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 678 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 678 21 analogy analogy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 23 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 24 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 26 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 27 Kelvin Kelvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 678 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 678 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 678 31 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 678 32 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 34 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 35 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 678 37 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 38 Clerk Clerk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 39 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 40 synthesized synthesize VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 678 41 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 678 42 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 678 43 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 678 44 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 45 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 46 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 678 48 magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 49 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 678 51 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 678 52 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 678 53 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-290 678 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 678 55 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 678 56 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 678 57 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 678 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 679 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 679 2 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 679 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 679 4 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 679 5 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 679 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 679 7 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 679 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 679 9 predict predict VB en-wikipedia-org-290 679 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 679 11 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 679 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 679 13 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 679 14 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 679 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 679 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 679 17 travel travel VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 679 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 679 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 679 20 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 679 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 679 22 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 679 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 680 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 680 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 680 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 680 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 680 5 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 680 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 680 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 680 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 680 9 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-290 680 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 680 11 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 680 12 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-290 680 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 681 1 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 681 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 681 3 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 681 4 predicted predict VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 681 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 681 6 ought ought MD en-wikipedia-org-290 681 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 681 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 681 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 681 10 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 681 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 681 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 681 13 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 681 14 frequencies frequency NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 681 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 682 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 682 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 682 3 ingenious ingenious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 682 4 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 682 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 682 6 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 682 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 682 8 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 682 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 682 10 confirmed confirm VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 682 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 682 12 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 682 13 physicist physicist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 682 14 Heinrich Heinrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 682 15 Hertz Hertz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 682 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 683 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 683 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 683 3 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-290 683 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 683 5 Hertz Hertz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 683 6 generated generate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 683 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 683 8 detected detect VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 683 9 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 683 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 683 11 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 683 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 683 13 radio radio NN en-wikipedia-org-290 683 14 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 683 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 683 16 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 683 17 crude crude JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 683 18 radio radio NN en-wikipedia-org-290 683 19 antennas antenna NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 683 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 683 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 683 22 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 683 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 683 24 satellite satellite NN en-wikipedia-org-290 683 25 dishes dish NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 683 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 684 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 684 2 168 168 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 684 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 684 4 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 684 5 physicist physicist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 684 6 Hendrik Hendrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 684 7 Lorentz Lorentz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 684 8 derived derive VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 684 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 684 10 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 684 11 suitable suitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 684 12 boundary boundary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 684 13 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 684 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 684 15 Fresnel Fresnel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 684 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 684 17 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 684 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 684 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 684 20 reflection reflection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 684 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 684 22 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-290 684 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 684 24 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 684 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 684 26 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 684 27 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 684 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 684 29 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 684 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 684 31 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 684 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 685 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 685 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 685 3 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 685 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 685 5 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 685 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 685 7 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 685 8 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 685 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 685 10 illuminating illuminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 685 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 685 12 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-290 685 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 685 14 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 685 15 dispersion dispersion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 685 16 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 685 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 685 18 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 685 19 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 685 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 686 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 2 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 3 Strutt Strutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 686 5 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 6 Rayleigh Rayleigh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 686 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 686 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 686 10 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 11 Josiah Josiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 12 Willard Willard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 13 Gibbs Gibbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 14 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 686 15 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 686 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 686 18 optical optical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 686 19 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 686 20 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 22 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 686 24 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 686 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 686 27 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 686 28 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 686 30 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 686 31 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 686 34 reflection reflection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 686 36 refraction refraction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 686 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 686 39 dispersion dispersion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 41 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 42 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 686 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 686 44 experimental experimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 686 45 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 686 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 687 1 Optics optic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 687 2 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 687 3 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 687 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 687 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 687 6 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 687 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 687 8 electromagnetism electromagnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 687 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 688 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 688 2 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 688 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 688 4 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 688 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 688 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 688 7 Oliver Oliver NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 688 8 Heaviside Heaviside NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 688 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 688 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 688 11 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 688 12 supporter supporter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 688 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 688 14 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 688 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 688 16 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 688 17 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 688 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 688 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 688 20 deserves deserve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 688 21 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 688 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 688 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 688 24 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 688 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 688 26 shaping shape VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 688 27 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 688 28 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 688 29 understood understand VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 688 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 688 31 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 688 32 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 688 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 688 34 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 688 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 688 36 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 688 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 688 38 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-290 688 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 689 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 689 2 169 169 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 689 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 689 4 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 689 5 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 689 6 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 689 7 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-290 689 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 689 9 grand grand JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 689 10 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-290 689 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 689 12 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 689 13 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 689 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 689 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 689 16 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 689 17 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-290 689 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 689 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 689 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 689 21 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 689 22 reduced reduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 689 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 689 24 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-290 689 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 690 1 Heaviside heaviside VB en-wikipedia-org-290 690 2 rewrote rewrote VB en-wikipedia-org-290 690 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 690 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 690 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 690 6 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-290 690 7 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 690 8 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 690 9 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 690 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 690 11 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 690 12 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-290 690 13 expressions expression NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 690 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 691 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 691 4 Heaviside Heaviside NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 691 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 691 6 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 691 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 8 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 691 9 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 11 electrical electrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 691 12 telegraphy telegraphy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 691 14 telephony telephony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 691 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 691 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 691 18 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 691 21 propagation propagation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 691 23 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 691 24 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 691 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 692 1 Independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 692 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 3 Gibbs Gibbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 692 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 692 5 Heaviside Heaviside NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 692 6 assembled assemble VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 692 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 692 8 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 10 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 692 11 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 692 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 14 vector vector NN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 15 calculus calculus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 692 17 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-290 692 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 692 19 quaternions quaternion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 692 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 692 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 692 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 692 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 24 vogue vogue NN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 692 27 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 692 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 692 30 Heaviside Heaviside NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 692 31 dismissed dismiss VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 692 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 692 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 692 34 antiphysical antiphysical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 692 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 692 36 unnatural unnatural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 692 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 693 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 693 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 693 3 169 169 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 693 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 693 5 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 693 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 693 7 investigated investigate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 693 8 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 693 9 electrical electrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 693 10 currents current NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 693 11 affected affect VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 693 12 chemical chemical NN en-wikipedia-org-290 693 13 solutions solution NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 693 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 694 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 694 2 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 694 3 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 694 4 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 694 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 694 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 694 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 694 8 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 694 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 694 10 electrochemistry electrochemistry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 694 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 695 1 Together together RB en-wikipedia-org-290 695 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 3 Whewell Whewell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 695 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 5 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 695 6 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 695 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 695 8 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 695 9 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 695 12 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 695 15 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 695 16 electrode electrode VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 695 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 18 anode anode NN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 20 cathode cathode NN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 22 electrolysis electrolysis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 24 electrolyte electrolyte NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 695 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 26 ion ion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 28 anion anion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 695 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 695 31 cation cation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 695 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 696 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 696 2 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 696 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 696 4 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 696 5 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 696 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 697 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 697 2 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 697 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 697 4 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 697 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 697 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 697 7 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 697 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 697 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 697 10 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 697 11 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 697 12 chemists chemist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 697 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 698 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 698 3 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 698 4 Memorial Memorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 698 5 Lecture Lecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 698 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 7 1881 1881 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 698 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 698 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 698 10 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 698 11 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 698 12 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 698 13 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 698 14 asserted assert VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 698 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 16 Faraday Faraday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 698 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 698 18 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 698 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 20 electrochemistry electrochemistry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 21 hinted hint VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 698 24 atomic atomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 698 25 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 27 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 698 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 699 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 699 3 chemical chemical NN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 4 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 699 6 distinguishable distinguishable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 699 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 699 9 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 699 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 11 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 699 12 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 14 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 699 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 699 17 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 699 19 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 699 20 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 22 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 23 deposited deposit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 24 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 26 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 699 27 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 28 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 699 30 poles pole NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 32 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 699 34 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 699 35 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 36 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 699 37 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 699 38 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-290 699 39 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-290 699 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 41 discrete discrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 699 42 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 699 44 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 699 45 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 699 46 electrons electron NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 699 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 700 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 700 2 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 700 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 700 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 700 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 700 7 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 700 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 700 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 700 11 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 700 14 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 15 emitted emit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 700 18 discharge discharge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 20 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 700 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 700 22 voltage voltage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 23 electrodes electrode NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 700 24 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 700 26 evacuated evacuated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 700 27 tube tube NN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 28 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 700 29 cathode cathode NN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 30 rays ray NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 700 31 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 700 32 attracted attract VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 700 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 700 34 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 700 36 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 700 37 physicists physicist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 700 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 701 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 701 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 701 3 Germans Germans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 701 4 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 701 5 cathode cathode NN en-wikipedia-org-290 701 6 rays ray NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 701 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 701 8 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 701 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 701 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 701 11 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 701 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 701 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 701 14 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 701 15 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 701 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 701 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 701 18 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 701 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 702 1 Working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 702 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 702 4 Cavendish Cavendish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 702 5 Laboratory Laboratory NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 702 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 702 7 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 9 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 702 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 702 11 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 702 12 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 702 13 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 702 14 directed direct VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 702 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 702 16 dedicate dedicate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 702 17 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 18 demonstrating demonstrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 702 19 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 702 20 cathode cathode NN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 21 rays ray NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 702 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 702 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 24 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 25 negatively negatively RB en-wikipedia-org-290 702 26 charged charge VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 27 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 702 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 702 29 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 702 30 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 702 31 electrons electron NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 702 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 703 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 703 2 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 3 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 703 4 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 703 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 703 6 calculate calculate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 703 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 703 8 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 703 11 magnitude magnitude NN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 703 14 charge charge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 703 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 703 17 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 703 20 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 703 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 703 22 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 703 23 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 703 24 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 703 25 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 703 26 \displaystyle \displaystyle CD en-wikipedia-org-290 703 27 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 703 28 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 703 29 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 703 30 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 703 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 703 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 704 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 704 4 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 704 6 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 704 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 704 9 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 704 10 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-290 704 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 704 13 metal metal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 704 16 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 704 17 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 704 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 19 electrons electron NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 704 20 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-290 704 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 704 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 704 23 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 704 25 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 704 26 atoms atom NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 704 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 705 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 705 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 705 3 atoms atom NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 705 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 705 5 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-290 705 6 chemical chemical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 705 7 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 705 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 705 9 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 705 10 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 705 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 705 12 electrons electron NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 705 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 705 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 705 15 electrons electron NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 705 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 705 17 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 705 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 706 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 706 2 170 170 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 706 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 706 4 Computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 5 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 706 7 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 8 Inspired inspire VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 706 11 explorations exploration NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 706 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 13 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 706 14 algebra algebra NN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 16 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 17 Peacock Peacock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 706 19 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 20 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 21 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 706 23 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 24 Boole Boole NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 25 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 706 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 706 27 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 28 titled title VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 29 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 706 30 Investigation Investigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 706 33 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 706 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 35 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 706 37 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 706 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 706 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 706 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 41 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 706 42 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 706 43 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 706 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 706 45 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 47 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 48 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 49 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 706 51 metaphysics metaphysic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 706 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 706 53 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 706 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 707 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 707 2 stated stated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 707 3 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 707 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 707 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 707 7 investigate investigate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 707 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 707 9 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 707 10 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 707 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 12 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 707 13 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 707 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 707 16 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 707 19 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 707 21 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 707 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 707 24 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-290 707 25 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 27 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 707 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 707 30 symbolical symbolical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 707 31 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 707 34 Calculus Calculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 707 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 707 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 707 37 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 38 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 707 39 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 707 41 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-290 707 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 707 43 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 707 45 logical logical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 707 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 707 47 construct construct VB en-wikipedia-org-290 707 48 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 707 49 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 707 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 707 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 708 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 2 ignored ignore VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 3 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 708 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 708 6 Boolean boolean JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 708 7 algebra algebra NN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 708 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 708 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 708 12 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 708 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 708 15 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 708 16 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 708 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 708 19 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 21 circuits circuit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 708 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 708 23 computers computer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 708 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 708 26 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 708 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 708 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 709 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 709 2 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 709 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 709 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 709 5 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 709 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 709 7 construct construct VB en-wikipedia-org-290 709 8 calculating calculate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 709 9 machines machine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 709 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 709 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 709 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 709 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 710 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 710 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 710 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 710 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 710 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-290 710 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 710 7 traced trace VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 710 8 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-290 710 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 710 10 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 710 11 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-290 710 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 710 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 710 14 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 710 15 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 710 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 711 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 2 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 711 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 711 4 devised devise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 711 6 machines machine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 711 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 711 9 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 711 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 711 11 mathematicians mathematician NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 711 12 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 711 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 711 14 perform perform VB en-wikipedia-org-290 711 15 calculations calculation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 711 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 17 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 711 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 20 machines machine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 711 21 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 711 22 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 711 23 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 25 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 711 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 712 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 712 2 complicated complicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 712 3 calculations calculation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 712 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 712 5 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 712 6 employed employ VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 712 7 tables table NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 712 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 712 9 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 712 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 712 11 logarithmic logarithmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 712 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 712 13 trigonometric trigonometric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 712 14 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 712 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 712 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 712 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 712 18 computed compute VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 712 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 712 20 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 712 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 713 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 713 2 right right RB en-wikipedia-org-290 713 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 713 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 713 5 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 713 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 713 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 713 8 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 713 9 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 713 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 713 11 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 713 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 713 13 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 713 14 Babbage Babbage NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 713 15 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 713 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 713 17 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 713 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 713 19 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-290 713 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 713 21 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 713 22 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 713 23 engine engine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 713 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 713 25 power power VB en-wikipedia-org-290 713 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 713 27 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 713 28 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 713 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 713 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 713 31 Difference Difference NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 713 32 Engine Engine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 713 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 714 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 714 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 714 3 whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 4 Babbage babbage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 5 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 714 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 714 7 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-290 714 8 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 9 funds fund NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 714 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 714 12 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 714 15 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 714 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 714 18 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 19 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-290 714 20 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 714 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 714 22 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 714 24 Babbage babbage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 25 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 714 26 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 714 27 troubles trouble NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 714 28 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 714 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 714 30 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 714 31 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 714 32 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 714 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 715 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 715 2 abandoned abandon VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 715 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 715 4 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-290 715 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 715 6 pursue pursue VB en-wikipedia-org-290 715 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 715 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 715 9 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-290 715 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 715 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 715 12 Analytical Analytical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 715 13 Engine Engine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 715 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 716 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 716 2 1838 1838 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 716 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 716 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 716 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 716 6 worked work VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 716 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 716 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 716 9 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 716 10 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-290 716 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 717 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 717 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 717 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 717 4 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 717 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 717 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 717 7 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 717 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 717 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 717 10 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 717 11 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 717 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 717 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 717 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 717 15 stores store VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 717 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 717 17 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 717 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 717 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 717 20 processed process VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 717 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 717 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 717 23 store store NN en-wikipedia-org-290 717 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 717 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 717 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 717 27 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 717 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 717 29 performed perform VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 717 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 717 31 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 717 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 717 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 717 34 mill mill NN en-wikipedia-org-290 717 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 717 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 718 1 Babbage babbage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 2 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 718 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 718 4 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 6 punch punch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 7 cards card NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 718 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 718 10 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 718 11 engineer engineer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 12 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 718 13 Jacquard Jacquard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 718 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 718 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 718 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 718 17 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 718 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 718 20 automate automate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 718 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 718 22 textile textile JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 718 23 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 25 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 718 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 718 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 718 28 control control VB en-wikipedia-org-290 718 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 718 30 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 718 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 718 32 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 718 33 Analytical Analytical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 718 34 Engine Engine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 718 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 719 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 719 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 719 3 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 719 4 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-290 719 5 lacked lack VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 719 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 719 7 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 719 8 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 719 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 719 10 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 719 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 719 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 719 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 719 14 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 719 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 719 16 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 719 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 719 18 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 719 19 construct construct NN en-wikipedia-org-290 719 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 720 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 720 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 720 3 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 720 4 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 5 behind behind RB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 6 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 720 7 notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 720 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 720 9 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 720 10 drawings drawing NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 720 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 720 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 720 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 720 14 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 720 15 experts expert NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 720 16 conclude conclude VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 720 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 720 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 720 19 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 720 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 720 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 720 22 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 720 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 720 24 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 720 25 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 720 27 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 28 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 720 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 720 31 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 32 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 720 33 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 720 34 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 35 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 720 36 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 720 37 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 720 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 720 39 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 40 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 720 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 721 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 721 2 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 721 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 721 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 721 5 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 721 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 721 7 Babbage Babbage NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 721 8 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 721 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 721 10 Turin Turin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 721 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 721 12 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-290 721 13 lectures lecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 721 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 721 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 721 16 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 721 17 designing design VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 721 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 721 19 Analytical Analytical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 721 20 Engine Engine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 721 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 721 22 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 721 23 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 721 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 722 1 Ada Ada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 722 2 Lovelace Lovelace NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 722 3 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 722 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 722 5 notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 722 6 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 722 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 722 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 722 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 722 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 722 11 attendees attendee NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 722 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 722 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 722 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 722 15 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 722 16 annotated annotate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 722 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 722 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 723 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 723 2 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 723 3 down down IN en-wikipedia-org-290 723 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 723 5 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 723 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 723 7 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 723 8 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-290 723 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 723 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 723 11 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 723 12 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-290 723 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 723 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 723 15 computing compute VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 723 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 723 17 Bernoulli Bernoulli NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 723 18 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 723 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 724 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 724 2 employed employ VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 724 3 what what WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 724 4 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 724 5 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 724 6 programmers programmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 724 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 724 8 recognise recognise VB en-wikipedia-org-290 724 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 724 10 loops loop NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 724 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 724 12 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-290 724 13 steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 724 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 724 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 724 16 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 724 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 724 18 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 724 19 diagram diagram NN en-wikipedia-org-290 724 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 724 21 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 724 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 724 23 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 724 24 flowchart flowchart NN en-wikipedia-org-290 724 25 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-290 724 26 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 724 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 725 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 725 2 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 725 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 725 4 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 725 5 noted note VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 725 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 725 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 725 8 calculating calculate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 725 9 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 725 10 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 725 11 perform perform VB en-wikipedia-org-290 725 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 725 13 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 725 14 arithmetic arithmetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 725 15 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 725 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 725 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 725 18 symbolic symbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 725 19 manipulations manipulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 725 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 726 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 726 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 726 3 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 726 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 726 5 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 726 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 726 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 726 8 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 726 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 726 10 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 726 11 wrote,[172 wrote,[172 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 726 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 726 13 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 726 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 726 15 Analytical Analytical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 726 16 Engine Engine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 726 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 726 18 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-290 726 19 pretensions pretension NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 726 20 whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 726 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 726 22 originate originate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 726 23 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-290 726 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 727 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 727 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-290 727 3 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-290 727 4 whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 727 5 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 727 6 know know VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 727 7 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 727 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 727 9 order order VB en-wikipedia-org-290 727 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 727 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 727 12 perform perform VB en-wikipedia-org-290 727 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 728 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 728 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-290 728 3 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-290 728 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 728 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 728 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 728 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 728 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 728 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-290 728 10 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-290 728 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 728 12 anticipating anticipate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 728 13 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-290 728 14 analytical analytical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 728 15 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 728 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 728 17 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 728 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 729 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 729 2 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-290 729 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 729 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 729 5 assist assist VB en-wikipedia-org-290 729 6 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 729 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 729 8 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 729 9 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 729 10 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 729 11 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 729 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 729 13 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-290 729 14 acquainted acquaint VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 729 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 729 16 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-290 730 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 730 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 730 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 730 4 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 730 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 730 6 exert exert VB en-wikipedia-org-290 730 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 730 8 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 730 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 730 10 reciprocal reciprocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 730 11 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 730 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 730 13 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 730 14 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 730 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 730 16 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 730 17 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-290 730 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 731 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 731 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 4 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 731 5 distributing distribute VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 731 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 731 7 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 731 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 731 9 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 731 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 731 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 731 12 formulas formula NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 731 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 14 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 731 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 731 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-290 731 19 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-290 731 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 731 21 easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 731 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 731 23 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 731 24 amendable amendable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 731 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 731 27 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 731 28 combinations combination NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 731 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 731 31 engine engine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 731 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 731 34 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 731 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 731 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 731 37 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 39 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 731 40 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 731 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 42 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 731 43 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 44 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 731 45 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-290 731 46 thrown throw VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 47 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 731 48 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 731 49 lights light NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 731 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 731 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 731 52 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 731 53 profoundly profoundly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 731 54 investigated investigated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 731 55 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-290 732 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 732 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 732 3 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 732 4 pretty pretty RB en-wikipedia-org-290 732 5 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 732 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 732 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 8 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 732 9 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 732 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 732 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 13 devising devise VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 732 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 15 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 732 16 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 732 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 732 18 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 732 19 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 732 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 732 23 record record VB en-wikipedia-org-290 732 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 732 25 throw throw VB en-wikipedia-org-290 732 26 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 732 27 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 732 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 29 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 732 30 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 732 32 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 732 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 732 34 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 732 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 732 36 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 732 37 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 732 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 732 40 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-290 732 41 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-290 732 42 react react VB en-wikipedia-org-290 732 43 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 732 45 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 732 46 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 732 47 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 732 50 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-290 732 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 733 1 Communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 733 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 733 3 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 733 4 Steam Steam NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 733 5 ships ship VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 733 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 733 7 SS ss NN en-wikipedia-org-290 733 8 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 733 9 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 733 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 733 11 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 733 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 733 13 museum museum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 733 14 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-290 733 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 733 16 Bristol Bristol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 733 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 734 1 Steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 734 2 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 734 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 734 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 734 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 734 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 734 7 keys key NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 734 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 734 9 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 734 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 734 11 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 734 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 734 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 734 14 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 734 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 734 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 735 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 735 2 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 735 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 735 4 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 735 5 predates predate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 735 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 735 7 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 735 8 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 735 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 735 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 735 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 735 12 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 735 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 735 14 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 735 15 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 735 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 736 1 Starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 736 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 736 4 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 736 5 1700s 1700 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 736 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 736 7 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 736 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 736 9 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 10 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 736 11 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 736 13 powered power VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 14 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 736 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 16 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 17 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 736 18 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 736 20 operational operational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 736 21 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 736 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 736 24 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 736 26 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 736 28 cross cross VB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 736 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 736 31 Channel Channel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 736 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 736 33 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 736 35 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 736 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 736 37 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 736 39 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 40 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 736 41 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 42 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 43 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 45 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 736 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 736 47 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 736 48 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 49 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 736 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 736 51 refuel refuel VB en-wikipedia-org-290 736 52 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 736 53 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 54 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-290 736 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 737 1 International international JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 737 2 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 737 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 737 4 travel travel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 737 5 boosted boost VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 737 6 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 737 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 737 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 737 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 737 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 737 11 intense intense JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 737 12 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 737 13 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 737 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 737 15 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-290 737 16 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 737 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 738 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 738 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 738 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 738 4 Steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 5 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 738 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 738 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 738 9 SS SS NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 11 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 738 13 SS SS NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 14 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 15 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 16 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 738 17 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 738 18 travel travel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 738 20 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 738 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 738 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 738 23 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 738 24 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 738 26 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 29 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 738 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 738 33 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 738 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 738 35 luxury luxury NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 36 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 738 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 38 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 738 39 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 738 40 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 738 41 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 738 42 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 43 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 738 45 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 46 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 738 47 essentials essential NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 738 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 738 49 raw raw JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 738 50 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 738 51 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 738 52 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 53 corn corn NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 738 55 cotton cotton NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 56 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 738 58 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 59 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 738 61 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 738 63 wool wool NN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 64 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 738 65 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 738 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 739 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 2 693 693 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 739 3 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 739 4 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 739 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 739 6 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 739 7 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 739 8 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 739 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 739 10 weighing weigh VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 739 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 12 18,900 18,900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 739 13 tons ton NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 739 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 739 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 739 16 SS SS NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 739 17 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 739 18 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 739 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 739 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 739 21 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 739 22 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 23 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 739 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 739 28 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 739 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 30 transporting transport VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 739 31 4,000 4,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 739 32 passengers passenger NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 739 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 34 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 739 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 36 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 739 37 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 38 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 739 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 739 40 refuel refuel VB en-wikipedia-org-290 739 41 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 739 43 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 739 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 740 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 740 2 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 740 3 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 740 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 740 5 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 740 6 broken break VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 740 7 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 740 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 740 9 scraps scrap NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 740 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 740 11 1888 1888 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 740 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 740 13 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 740 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 740 15 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-290 740 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 740 17 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 740 18 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-290 740 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 740 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 740 21 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 740 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 741 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 741 2 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-290 741 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 741 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 741 5 broken break VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 741 6 till till IN en-wikipedia-org-290 741 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 741 8 Edwardian edwardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 741 9 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 741 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 741 11 super super JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 741 12 liners liner NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 741 13 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 741 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 741 15 Lusitania Lusitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 741 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 741 17 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 741 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 741 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 741 20 Titanic Titanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 741 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 741 22 1912 1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 741 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 742 1 Yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-290 742 2 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 3 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 742 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 742 5 remarkable remarkable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 742 6 feat feat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 8 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 742 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 742 11 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 742 12 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 742 13 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 742 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 742 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 742 16 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 742 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 742 19 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 742 20 elephant elephant NN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 22 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 742 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 742 24 faster fast JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 742 25 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 742 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 742 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 28 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 742 29 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 742 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 743 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-290 743 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 743 3 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 743 4 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 743 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 743 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 743 7 lease lease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 743 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 743 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 743 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 743 11 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 743 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 743 13 chartered charter VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 743 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 743 15 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-290 743 16 telegraphic telegraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 743 17 cables cable NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 743 18 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 743 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 743 20 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 743 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 743 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 743 23 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 743 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 743 25 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 743 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 744 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 744 2 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-290 744 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 744 4 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-290 744 5 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 744 6 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 744 7 ideally ideally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 744 8 suited suit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 744 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 744 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 744 11 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-290 744 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 745 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 745 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 745 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 745 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 745 5 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 745 6 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 745 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 745 8 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-290 745 9 realised realise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 745 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 745 11 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 745 12 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 745 13 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 745 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 745 15 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 745 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 746 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 746 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 746 3 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-290 746 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 746 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 746 6 deployed deploy VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 746 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 746 8 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 746 9 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 746 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 746 11 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-290 746 12 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 746 13 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 746 14 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 746 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 746 16 financed finance VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 746 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 746 18 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 746 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 746 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 746 21 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 746 22 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 746 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 747 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 747 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 747 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 747 4 Telegraphy Telegraphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 747 6 telephony telephony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 747 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 747 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 747 9 wireless wireless NN en-wikipedia-org-290 747 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 747 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 747 12 photography photography VB en-wikipedia-org-290 747 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 747 14 Louth Louth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 747 16 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 17 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 18 Mail Mail NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 19 Travelling travel VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 747 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 747 21 Train train NN en-wikipedia-org-290 747 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 747 23 Peterborough Peterborough NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 24 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 747 26 Northamptonshire Northamptonshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 747 28 1845 1845 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 747 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 747 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 747 31 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 32 Pollard Pollard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 747 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 748 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 748 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 748 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 748 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 748 5 submarine submarine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 748 6 telegraphic telegraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 748 7 cable cable NN en-wikipedia-org-290 748 8 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-290 748 9 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 748 10 connected connect VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 748 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 748 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 748 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 748 14 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 748 15 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 748 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 749 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 749 3 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 5 transmitting transmit VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 749 6 messages message NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 749 7 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 8 electrical electrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 749 9 signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 749 10 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 11 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-290 749 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 749 14 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 749 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 749 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 749 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 749 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 749 20 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 749 22 1820s 1820 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 749 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 749 24 advances advance VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 749 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 749 27 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 29 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 749 31 magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 32 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 749 33 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 749 35 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 749 36 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 749 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 750 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 750 2 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 750 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 750 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 750 5 Fothergill Fothergill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 750 6 Cooke Cooke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 750 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 750 8 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 750 9 Wheatstone Wheatstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 750 10 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 750 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 750 12 telegraphic telegraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 750 13 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 750 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 750 15 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 750 16 electrical electrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 750 17 currents current NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 750 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 750 19 deflect deflect VB en-wikipedia-org-290 750 20 magnetic magnetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 750 21 needles needle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 750 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 750 23 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 750 24 transmitting transmit VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 750 25 coded code VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 750 26 messages message NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 750 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 751 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 751 2 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-290 751 3 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-290 751 4 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 751 5 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 751 6 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 751 7 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-290 751 8 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 751 9 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 751 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 751 11 appearing appear VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 751 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 751 13 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-290 751 14 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-290 751 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 751 16 post post NN en-wikipedia-org-290 751 17 office office NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 751 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 752 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 752 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 752 3 mid-1800s mid-1800 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 752 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 752 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 752 6 telegraphic telegraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 752 7 cable cable NN en-wikipedia-org-290 752 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 752 9 laid lay VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 752 10 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 752 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 752 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 752 13 Channel Channel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 752 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 752 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 752 16 Irish Irish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 752 17 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 752 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 752 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 752 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 752 21 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 752 22 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 752 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 753 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 753 2 1866 1866 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 753 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 753 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 753 5 SS SS NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 753 6 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 753 7 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 753 8 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-290 753 9 laid lay VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 753 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 753 11 transatlantic transatlantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 753 12 telegraphic telegraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 753 13 cable cable NN en-wikipedia-org-290 753 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 754 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 754 2 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 754 3 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-290 754 4 boomed boom VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 754 5 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-290 754 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 754 7 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 754 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 754 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 754 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 754 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 755 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 755 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 755 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 755 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 755 5 1876 1876 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 755 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 755 7 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 755 8 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 755 9 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 755 10 patented patent VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 755 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 755 12 telephone telephone NN en-wikipedia-org-290 755 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 756 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 756 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 756 3 telegraph telegraph NN en-wikipedia-org-290 756 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 756 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 756 6 telephone telephone NN en-wikipedia-org-290 756 7 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 756 8 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 756 9 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 756 10 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 756 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 757 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 757 2 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 757 3 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 757 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 757 5 decade decade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 757 6 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 757 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 757 8 26,000 26,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 757 9 telephones telephone NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 757 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 757 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 757 12 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 757 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 757 14 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 757 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 757 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 757 17 150,000 150,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 757 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 757 19 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 757 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 757 21 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 757 22 telephones telephone NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 757 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 758 1 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 758 2 switchboards switchboard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 758 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 758 4 installed instal VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 758 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 758 6 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-290 758 7 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 758 8 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-290 758 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 758 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-290 758 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 759 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 759 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 759 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 759 4 Hertz Hertz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 759 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 759 6 experimental experimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 759 7 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 9 electromagnetism electromagnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 10 stimulated stimulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 11 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 759 14 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 16 wireless wireless JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 759 17 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 759 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 759 20 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 759 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 759 22 require require VB en-wikipedia-org-290 759 23 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 759 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 759 25 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 759 26 cables cable NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 759 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 759 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 759 29 faster fast JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 759 30 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 31 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 759 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 759 33 telegraph telegraph NN en-wikipedia-org-290 759 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 760 1 Receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 760 2 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 760 3 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-290 760 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 760 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 760 6 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 760 7 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 760 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 760 9 Guglielmo Guglielmo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 760 10 Marconi Marconi NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 760 11 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 760 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 760 13 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 760 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 760 15 adapted adapt VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 760 16 Hertz Hertz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 760 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 760 18 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 760 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 760 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 760 21 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-290 760 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 760 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 760 24 1890s 1890s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 760 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 761 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 761 2 achieved achieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 761 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 761 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 761 5 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 761 6 wireless wireless NN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 7 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 9 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 761 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 761 11 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 761 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 13 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 761 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 761 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 761 17 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 761 18 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 761 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 761 21 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 761 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 23 sending send VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 761 24 messages message NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 761 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 26 Morse Morse NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 761 27 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 28 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 761 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 761 30 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 761 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 762 1 Seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 762 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 762 3 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 762 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 762 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 762 6 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-290 762 7 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 762 8 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 762 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 762 10 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 762 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 762 12 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-290 762 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 763 1 Radio radio NN en-wikipedia-org-290 763 2 broadcasting broadcasting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 763 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 763 4 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 763 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 763 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 763 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 763 8 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 763 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 763 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 763 11 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 763 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 763 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 763 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 763 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 763 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 763 17 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 763 18 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 763 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 763 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 763 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 764 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 764 2 168 168 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 764 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 764 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 764 5 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 764 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 764 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 764 8 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 764 9 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 764 10 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-290 764 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 764 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 764 13 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 764 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 764 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 764 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 764 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 764 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 764 19 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 764 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 764 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 764 22 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 764 23 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 764 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 765 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 765 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 765 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 765 4 Photography Photography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 765 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 765 6 realised realise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 765 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 765 8 1839 1839 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 765 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 765 10 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 765 11 Daguerre Daguerre NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 765 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 765 13 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 765 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 765 15 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 765 16 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 765 17 Talbot Talbot NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 765 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 765 19 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 765 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 766 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 766 2 1889 1889 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 766 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 766 4 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 766 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 766 6 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 766 7 cameras camera NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 766 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 766 9 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 766 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 767 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 767 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 767 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 767 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 767 5 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 767 6 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 8 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 767 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 767 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 767 11 Penny Penny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 767 12 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 767 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 767 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 767 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 767 16 postage postage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 17 stamp stamp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 767 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 767 20 standardised standardise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 767 21 postage postage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 767 24 flat flat JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 767 25 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 26 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-290 767 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 28 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 767 29 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 767 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 768 1 Railways Railways NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 768 2 Brunel Brunel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 768 4 Clifton Clifton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 5 Suspension Suspension NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 6 Bridge Bridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 768 8 Bristol Bristol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 768 10 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 768 11 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 768 12 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 768 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 768 14 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 768 15 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 768 16 Crossing cross VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 768 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 768 18 Lagan Lagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 19 Canal Canal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 768 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 768 22 Ulster Ulster NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 23 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 24 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-290 768 25 Moira Moira NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 768 27 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 28 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 768 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 768 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 768 31 legacy legacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 768 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 768 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 768 34 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 768 35 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 768 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 769 1 Frith Frith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 769 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 769 3 depiction depiction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 769 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 769 5 Paddington Paddington NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 769 6 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 769 7 station station NN en-wikipedia-org-290 769 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 769 9 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 769 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 770 1 Construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 770 4 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 770 5 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 770 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 770 7 1861 1861 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 770 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 770 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 770 10 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 770 11 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 770 14 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 770 15 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 770 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 770 18 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 20 rail rail NN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 21 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-290 770 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 771 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 771 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 771 3 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 771 4 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 771 5 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 771 6 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 771 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 771 8 raw raw JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 771 9 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 771 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 771 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 771 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 771 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 771 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 771 15 moved move VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 771 16 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 771 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 771 18 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 771 19 facilitating facilitate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 771 20 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 771 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 771 22 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 771 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 772 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 772 2 financing financing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 772 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 772 4 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 772 5 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 772 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 772 7 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 772 8 specialty specialty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 772 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 772 10 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 772 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 772 12 financiers financier NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 772 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 773 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 773 2 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 773 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 773 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 773 5 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 773 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 773 7 ownership ownership NN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 8 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 9 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 773 10 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 11 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 773 12 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-290 773 13 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 15 locals local NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 773 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 773 17 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 773 18 ownership ownership NN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 773 20 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 773 21 liquidated liquidate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 23 1914–1916 1914–1916 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 773 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 773 25 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-290 773 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 773 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 773 28 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 773 29 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 773 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 774 1 Railroads railroad NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 774 2 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 774 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 774 5 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 6 industrialists industrialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 774 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 774 8 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-290 774 9 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 774 11 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 13 inexpensive inexpensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 774 14 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 774 16 haul haul VB en-wikipedia-org-290 774 17 coal coal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 774 20 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 774 21 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 22 engines engine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 774 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 774 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 774 25 supply supply VB en-wikipedia-org-290 774 26 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 774 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 28 specialized specialized JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 774 29 factories factory NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 774 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 774 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 774 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 774 33 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-290 774 34 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 774 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 36 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-290 774 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 775 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 775 2 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 775 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 775 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 775 5 canals canal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 775 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 775 7 inexpensive inexpensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 775 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 775 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 775 10 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-290 775 11 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 775 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 775 13 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-290 775 14 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 775 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 775 16 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-290 775 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 776 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 776 2 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 776 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 776 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 776 5 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 6 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 7 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 776 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 776 10 reorganisation reorganisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 12 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 776 14 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 776 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 776 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 776 18 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 19 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 776 21 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 776 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 776 23 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 776 26 clocks clock NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 776 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 776 28 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 29 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 30 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 776 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 776 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 776 33 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 776 34 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 35 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 36 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 776 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 776 38 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 40 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 776 41 advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 776 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 776 43 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-290 776 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 777 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 777 2 engineers engineer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 777 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 777 4 businessmen businessman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 777 5 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 777 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 777 7 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-290 777 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 777 9 finance finance VB en-wikipedia-org-290 777 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 777 11 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 777 12 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 777 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 777 14 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 777 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 777 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 777 17 knew know VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 777 18 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 777 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 777 20 invent invent VB en-wikipedia-org-290 777 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 777 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 777 23 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 777 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 777 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 777 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 777 27 finance finance VB en-wikipedia-org-290 777 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 777 29 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 777 30 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 777 31 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 777 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 778 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 778 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 778 3 quarter quarter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 778 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 778 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 778 6 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 778 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 778 8 involved involve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 778 9 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 778 10 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 778 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 778 12 locomotives locomotive NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 778 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 778 14 rail rail NN en-wikipedia-org-290 778 15 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 778 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 779 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 779 2 1825 1825 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 779 3 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 779 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 779 5 commercially commercially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 779 6 feasible feasible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 779 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 779 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 779 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 779 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 779 11 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 779 12 Stephenson Stephenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 779 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 779 14 1791–1848 1791–1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 779 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 779 16 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 779 17 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 779 18 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 779 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 779 20 Stockton Stockton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 779 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 779 22 Darlington Darlington NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 779 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 780 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 780 3 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 780 4 run run NN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 780 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 780 7 locomotive locomotive NN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 8 pulled pull VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 780 9 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 780 10 freight freight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 780 12 passenger passenger NN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 13 cars car NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 780 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 15 speeds speed NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 780 16 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 780 17 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 780 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 19 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 780 20 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 780 21 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 22 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 780 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 781 1 Stephenson Stephenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 781 2 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 781 3 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-290 781 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 781 5 design design VB en-wikipedia-org-290 781 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 781 7 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 781 8 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 781 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 781 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 781 11 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 781 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 781 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 781 14 standardizing standardize VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 781 15 designs design NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 781 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 781 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 781 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 781 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 781 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 781 21 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 781 22 gauge gauge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 781 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 781 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 781 25 rail rail NN en-wikipedia-org-290 781 26 spacing spacing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 781 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 781 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 781 29 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 781 30 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 781 31 8½ 8½ CD en-wikipedia-org-290 781 32 inches inch NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 781 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 782 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 782 2 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 782 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 782 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 782 5 Brassey Brassey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 782 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 782 7 1805–70 1805–70 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 782 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 782 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 782 10 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 782 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 782 12 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 782 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 782 14 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 782 15 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 782 16 crews crew NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 782 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 782 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 782 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 782 20 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-290 782 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 782 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 782 23 1840s 1840s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 782 24 totalled total VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 782 25 75,000 75,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 782 26 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 782 27 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-290 782 28 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 782 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 782 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 782 31 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 782 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 782 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 782 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 782 35 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 782 36 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 782 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 783 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 783 2 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 783 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 783 4 Brassey Brassey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 783 5 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 783 6 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 783 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 783 8 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 783 9 engineers engineer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 783 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 783 11 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 783 12 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 783 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 783 14 globe globe NN en-wikipedia-org-290 783 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 783 16 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 783 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 783 18 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 783 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 784 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 784 2 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 784 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 784 4 improved improve VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 784 5 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 784 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 784 7 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 784 8 devices device NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 784 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 784 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 784 11 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 784 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 784 13 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 784 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 784 15 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 784 16 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 784 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 784 18 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 784 19 roadways roadway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 784 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 784 21 tunnels tunnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 784 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 784 23 bridges bridge NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 784 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 785 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 785 2 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 785 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 785 4 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 785 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 785 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 785 7 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 785 8 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 785 9 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 785 10 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 785 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 785 12 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 785 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 785 14 funded fund VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 785 15 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-290 785 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 785 17 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 785 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 785 19 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 785 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 785 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 785 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 785 23 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 785 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 785 25 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 785 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 785 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 785 28 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 785 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 785 30 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 785 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 785 32 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 785 33 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 785 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 785 35 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-290 785 36 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 785 37 1914 1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 785 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 786 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 786 2 boom boom NN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 3 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 786 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 786 5 1836 1836 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 786 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 786 7 1845–47 1845–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 786 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 786 9 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 786 10 authorised authorise VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 786 11 8,000 8,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 786 12 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 786 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 14 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 786 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 786 17 projected project VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 18 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 20 £ £ $ en-wikipedia-org-290 786 21 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 786 22 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 786 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 786 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 786 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 786 26 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 786 28 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 786 29 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 786 32 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 786 34 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 786 35 Gross Gross NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 786 36 Domestic Domestic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 786 37 Product Product NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 786 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 786 39 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 786 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 786 41 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 42 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 786 43 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 786 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 787 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 787 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 787 3 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 787 4 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 787 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 787 6 charter charter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 787 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 787 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 787 9 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 787 10 cost cost VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 787 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 787 12 £ £ $ en-wikipedia-org-290 787 13 200,000 200,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 787 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 787 15 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-290 787 16 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-290 787 17 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 787 18 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-290 787 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 787 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 787 21 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-290 787 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 787 23 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 787 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 787 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 787 26 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 787 27 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 787 28 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-290 787 29 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-290 787 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 787 31 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 787 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 788 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 788 2 canal canal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 788 3 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 788 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 788 5 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 788 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 788 7 unwilling unwilling JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 788 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 788 9 upgrade upgrade VB en-wikipedia-org-290 788 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 788 11 facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 788 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 788 13 compete compete VB en-wikipedia-org-290 788 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 788 15 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 788 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 788 17 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 788 18 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 788 19 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-290 788 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 788 21 try try VB en-wikipedia-org-290 788 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 788 23 stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-290 788 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 788 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 789 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 789 2 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 789 3 responded respond VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 789 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 5 purchasing purchase VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 789 6 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-290 789 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 789 8 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 789 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 789 11 canal canal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 12 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 789 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 15 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 789 17 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-290 789 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 789 19 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 21 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 789 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 789 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 25 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 789 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 789 27 buy buy VB en-wikipedia-org-290 789 28 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-290 789 29 critics critic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 789 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 790 1 Once once RB en-wikipedia-org-290 790 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 790 3 charter charter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 790 5 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 790 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 790 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 790 9 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 790 10 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 11 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 790 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 14 laissez laissez NN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 790 16 faire faire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 790 18 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 790 19 ownership ownership NN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 790 21 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 22 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 790 23 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 790 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 791 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 791 2 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 791 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 791 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 791 5 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 791 6 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 791 7 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 791 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 791 9 exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 791 10 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 791 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 791 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 791 13 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 791 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 791 15 compact compact JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 791 16 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-290 791 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 791 18 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 791 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 791 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 791 21 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 791 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 791 23 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 791 24 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 791 25 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 791 26 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 791 27 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-290 791 28 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 791 29 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 791 30 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 791 31 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 791 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 792 1 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 792 2 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 792 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 792 4 1800–1871 1800–1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 792 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 792 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 792 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 792 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 792 9 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 792 10 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-290 792 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 792 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 792 13 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 792 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 793 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 793 2 merged merge VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 793 3 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 793 4 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 793 5 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 793 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 793 7 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 793 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 793 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 793 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 793 11 Clearing Clearing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 793 12 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 793 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 793 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 15 1842 1842 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 793 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 793 17 rationalized rationalize VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 793 18 interconnections interconnection NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 793 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 20 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 793 21 uniform uniform JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 793 22 paperwork paperwork NN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 793 24 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 793 25 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 793 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 27 transferring transfer VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 793 28 passengers passenger NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 793 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 793 30 freight freight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 31 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 32 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 793 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 793 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 793 35 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 793 36 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 793 37 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 793 38 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 39 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 793 40 freight freight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 41 cars car NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 793 42 owned own VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 793 44 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-290 793 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 794 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 2 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 794 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 794 4 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 794 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 794 6 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 794 9 penny penny NN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 794 11 ton ton NN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 12 mile mile NN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 14 coal coal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 794 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 17 speeds speed NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 794 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 19 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 794 21 fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 794 22 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 794 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 794 24 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 794 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 795 1 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 795 2 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-290 795 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 795 4 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 795 6 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 795 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 795 12 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 795 13 integrated integrated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 795 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 795 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 795 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 795 17 engineered engineer VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 18 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 795 20 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 795 21 fast fast JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 795 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 795 23 cheap cheap JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 795 24 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 26 freight freight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 795 28 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 795 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 795 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 795 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 795 32 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 795 33 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 795 34 replicated replicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 795 36 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 795 37 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 795 38 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 795 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 796 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 796 2 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 3 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 796 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 796 5 indirectly indirectly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 796 6 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 796 7 tens ten NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 796 9 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 796 11 engineers engineer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 796 13 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 796 15 repairmen repairman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 796 17 technicians technician NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 796 19 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 796 20 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 796 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 796 22 statisticians statistician NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 796 24 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 796 25 planners planner NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 796 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 797 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 797 2 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 797 3 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 797 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 797 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 797 6 efficient efficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 797 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 797 8 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 797 9 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 797 10 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 797 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 798 1 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 798 2 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 798 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 798 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 798 5 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 798 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 798 7 mindset mindset NN en-wikipedia-org-290 798 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 798 9 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 798 10 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 798 11 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 798 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 798 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 798 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 798 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 798 16 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 798 17 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 798 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 798 19 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-290 798 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 799 1 Railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 799 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 799 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 799 4 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 799 5 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 799 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 799 7 industrialization industrialization NN en-wikipedia-org-290 799 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 800 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 2 lowering lower VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 800 3 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 4 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 800 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 800 6 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 800 7 reduced reduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 800 8 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 800 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 800 11 industries industry NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 800 12 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 800 13 supplies supply NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 800 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 800 15 finished finished JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 800 16 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 800 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 800 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 800 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 800 20 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 800 21 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 800 24 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 26 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-290 800 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 800 28 inputs input NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 800 29 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 800 32 railroad railroad NN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 33 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 800 34 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 800 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 801 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 801 2 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 801 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 801 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 801 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 801 6 13,500 13,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 801 7 locomotives locomotive NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 801 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 801 9 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-290 801 10 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 801 11 97,800 97,800 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 801 12 passengers passenger NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 801 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 801 14 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 801 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 801 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 801 17 31,500 31,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 801 18 tons ton NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 801 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 801 20 freight freight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 801 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 802 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 802 2 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 802 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 802 4 Member Member NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 802 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 802 6 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 802 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 802 8 Solicitor Solicitor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 802 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 802 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 802 11 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 802 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 802 13 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 802 14 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 802 15 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 802 16 campaigned campaign VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 802 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 802 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 802 19 underground underground JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 802 20 rail rail NN en-wikipedia-org-290 802 21 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 802 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 802 23 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 802 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 803 1 Parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 803 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 803 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 803 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 803 6 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 803 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 803 9 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 803 10 Line Line NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 803 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 803 12 opened open VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 803 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 803 15 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 17 1863 1863 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 803 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 803 19 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-290 803 20 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 803 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 803 22 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 803 23 subway subway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 24 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 803 27 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 803 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 804 1 Trains train NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 804 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 804 3 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 804 4 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-290 804 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 804 6 powered power VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 804 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 804 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 804 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 804 10 1890 1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 804 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 804 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 804 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 804 14 electric electric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 804 15 trains train NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 804 16 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 804 17 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 804 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 805 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 805 2 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 805 3 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 805 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 805 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 805 6 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 805 7 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 805 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 805 9 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 805 10 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 805 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 805 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 805 13 Tube Tube NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 805 14 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 805 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 805 16 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-290 805 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 805 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 805 19 rail rail NN en-wikipedia-org-290 805 20 tunnels tunnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 805 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 806 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 806 2 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 806 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 806 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 806 5 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 806 6 1908 1908 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 806 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 806 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 806 9 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-290 806 10 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 806 11 Underground Underground NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 806 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 806 13 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 806 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 807 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 807 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 807 3 181 181 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 807 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 807 5 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 807 6 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 807 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 807 8 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 807 11 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 807 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 807 13 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 14 financiers financier NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 807 15 pouring pour VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 807 16 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 807 18 expertise expertise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 807 21 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 807 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 807 23 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 24 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 25 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 27 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 807 28 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 807 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 807 30 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 807 32 Mutiny Mutiny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 807 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 34 1857 1857 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 807 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 807 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 807 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 807 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 807 40 hope hope NN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 41 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 42 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 807 43 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 807 44 stimulate stimulate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 807 45 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 807 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 808 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 808 2 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 808 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 808 4 overbuilt overbuilt JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 808 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 808 6 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 808 7 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-290 808 8 elaborate elaborate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 808 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 808 10 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 808 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 808 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 808 13 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 808 14 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-290 808 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 808 16 freight freight NN en-wikipedia-org-290 808 17 traffic traffic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 808 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 808 19 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 808 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 809 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 809 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 809 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 809 4 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 809 5 capture capture VB en-wikipedia-org-290 809 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 809 7 imagination imagination NN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 809 10 Indians Indians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 809 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 809 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 809 13 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 809 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 809 15 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 809 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 809 18 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 809 21 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 809 22 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 23 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 809 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 809 25 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 809 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 809 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 809 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 809 29 realized realize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 30 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 809 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 809 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 809 34 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-290 809 35 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 809 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 810 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 810 2 182 182 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 810 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 810 4 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 810 5 safety safety NN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 810 7 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 810 9 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 810 11 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 12 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 14 lighting lighting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 810 16 heating heating NN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 810 18 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 810 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 810 21 1880s 1880s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 810 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 811 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 811 2 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 811 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 811 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 811 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 6 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 8 Saltaire Saltaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 811 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 811 10 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 811 12 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 14 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 811 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 811 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 811 18 planned plan VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 19 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 21 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 811 22 sanitation sanitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 811 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 811 25 civic civic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 811 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 811 27 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 811 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 811 29 recreational recreational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 811 30 facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 811 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 811 32 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 33 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 811 34 lacked lack VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 811 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 811 36 pub pub NN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 811 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 811 39 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 811 40 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 811 43 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 45 dissent dissent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 811 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 812 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 2 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 812 3 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 812 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 812 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 812 7 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 812 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 812 10 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 812 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 812 13 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 14 lighting lighting NN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 15 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 812 16 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 812 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 812 19 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 812 20 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 22 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 812 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 812 24 homes home NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 812 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 812 26 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 812 27 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 812 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 812 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 812 30 streets street NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 812 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 813 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 813 2 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 813 5 incandescent incandescent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 813 6 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 7 mantle mantle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 813 10 1890s 1890 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 813 11 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 813 12 improved improve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 13 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 813 14 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 813 16 ensured ensure VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 813 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 813 18 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 19 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 813 20 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-290 813 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 813 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 813 23 1960s 1960s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 813 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 814 1 Hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 814 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 814 3 gasworks gaswork NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 814 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 814 5 constructed construct VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 814 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 814 7 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 814 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 814 9 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 814 10 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 814 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 814 12 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 814 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 815 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 815 2 1882 1882 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 815 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 815 4 incandescent incandescent NN en-wikipedia-org-290 815 5 electric electric JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 815 6 lights light NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 815 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 815 8 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 815 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 815 10 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 815 11 streets street NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 815 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 815 13 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 815 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 815 15 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 815 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 815 17 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 815 18 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 815 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 815 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 815 21 installed instal VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 815 22 everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-290 815 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 816 1 Medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 816 2 progressed progress VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 816 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 816 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 816 5 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 816 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 816 7 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-290 816 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 817 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 817 4 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 7 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 10 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 817 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 817 13 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 817 14 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 817 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 19 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 817 20 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 21 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 24 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 817 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 817 30 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 817 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 32 lot lot NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 33 closer close JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 817 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 817 35 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 817 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 817 37 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 817 38 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 39 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 40 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 817 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 42 advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 817 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 44 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 817 46 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 817 47 microbiology microbiology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 817 49 paving pave VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 817 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 51 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 817 54 germ germ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 817 55 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 57 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 817 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 818 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 818 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 818 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 818 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 818 5 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-290 818 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 818 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 818 8 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 818 9 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 818 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 818 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 818 12 urbanisation urbanisation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 818 13 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 818 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 818 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 818 16 frantic frantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 818 17 pace pace NN en-wikipedia-org-290 818 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 819 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 819 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 819 3 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 819 4 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-290 819 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 819 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 819 7 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 819 8 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 819 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 819 10 epidemics epidemic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 819 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 819 12 cholera cholera NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 819 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 819 14 smallpox smallpox NN en-wikipedia-org-290 819 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 819 16 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 819 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 819 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 819 19 typhus typhus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 819 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 819 21 commonplace commonplace JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 819 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 820 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 820 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 820 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 820 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 820 5 studying study VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 820 6 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 820 7 outbreaks outbreak NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 820 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 820 9 physician physician NN en-wikipedia-org-290 820 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 820 11 Snow Snow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 820 12 drew draw VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 820 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 820 14 conclusion conclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 820 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 820 16 cholera cholera NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 820 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 820 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 820 19 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 820 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 820 21 borne bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 820 22 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 820 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 821 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 821 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 821 3 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 821 4 broke break VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 821 5 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 821 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 821 7 Snow Snow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 821 8 mapped map VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 821 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 821 10 locations location NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 821 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 821 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 821 13 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 821 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 821 15 Soho Soho NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 821 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 821 17 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 821 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 821 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 821 20 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 821 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 821 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 821 23 centered center VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 821 24 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-290 821 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 821 26 well well NN en-wikipedia-org-290 821 27 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 821 28 deemed deem VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 821 29 contaminated contaminate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 821 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 822 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 822 2 asked ask VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 822 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 822 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 822 5 pump pump NN en-wikipedia-org-290 822 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 822 7 handle handle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 822 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 822 9 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 822 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 822 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 822 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 822 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 822 14 epidemic epidemic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 822 15 petered petere VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 822 16 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 822 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 823 1 Snow Snow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 823 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 823 3 discovered discover VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 823 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 5 households household NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 823 6 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 823 7 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 8 supplies supply NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 823 9 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 823 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 11 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 823 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 823 13 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 823 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 823 15 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 823 16 downstream downstream NN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 823 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 19 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 823 20 sewers sewer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 823 21 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 823 22 flown fly VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 823 25 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 823 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 823 28 fourteen fourteen CD en-wikipedia-org-290 823 29 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 823 30 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 823 31 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 823 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 823 33 die die VB en-wikipedia-org-290 823 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 823 35 cholera cholera NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 823 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 824 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 824 2 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 824 3 recommended recommend VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 824 4 boiling boiling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 824 5 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 824 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 824 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 824 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 825 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 825 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 825 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 825 4 Sanitation sanitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 5 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 825 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 825 7 prompted prompt VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 825 10 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 825 11 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 825 12 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 825 13 1848 1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 825 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 825 15 1869 1869 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 825 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 825 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 825 18 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 825 21 crowded crowded JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 825 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 825 23 dirty dirty JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 825 24 streets street NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 825 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 825 27 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 825 28 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 825 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 825 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 825 31 soap soap NN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 825 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 825 34 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 825 35 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 36 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 825 39 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-290 825 40 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 825 41 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 43 advertising advertising NN en-wikipedia-org-290 825 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 826 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 826 2 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 826 3 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 826 4 feat feat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 826 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 826 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 826 7 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 826 8 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 826 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 826 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 826 11 sewage sewage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 826 12 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 826 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 826 14 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 826 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 827 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 827 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 827 3 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 827 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 827 5 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 827 6 Bazalgette Bazalgette NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 827 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 827 8 1858 1858 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 827 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 828 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 2 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 828 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 828 4 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-290 828 5 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 828 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 7 mi mi NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 828 9 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 828 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 11 km km NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 828 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 828 14 sewer sewer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 828 15 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 828 16 linked link VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 828 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 828 18 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 828 19 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 828 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 21 mi mi NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 828 23 1,600 1,600 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 828 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 25 km km NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 828 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 828 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 828 28 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-290 828 29 sewers sewer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 828 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 829 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 829 2 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 829 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 829 4 encountered encounter VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 829 5 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 829 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 829 7 sewers sewer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 829 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 829 9 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 829 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 830 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 830 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 830 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 830 4 Bazalgette Bazalgette NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 830 5 designed design VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 830 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 830 7 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 830 8 Embankment Embankment NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 830 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 830 10 housed house VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 830 11 sewers sewer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 830 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 830 13 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 830 14 pipes pipe NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 830 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 830 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 830 17 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 830 18 Underground Underground NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 830 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 831 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 831 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 831 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 831 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 831 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 831 6 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 831 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 831 8 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 831 9 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-290 831 10 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-290 831 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 831 12 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 831 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 831 14 improved improve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 831 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 832 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 832 2 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 832 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 832 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 832 5 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 832 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 832 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 8 chief chief JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 832 9 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 832 10 officer officer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 832 13 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 832 14 Board Board NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 832 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 16 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 832 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 832 18 secured secured JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 832 19 funds fund NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 832 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 21 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 23 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 832 24 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 832 25 infectious infectious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 832 26 diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 832 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 832 29 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 832 31 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 832 32 cholera cholera NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 832 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 832 34 diphtheria diphtheria NN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 832 36 smallpox smallpox NN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 832 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 832 39 typhus typhus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 832 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 833 1 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 833 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 833 3 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 833 4 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 833 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 833 7 garnered garner VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 833 8 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 833 11 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 833 12 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 833 13 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 833 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 15 1875 1875 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 833 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 833 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 833 18 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 833 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 20 preventative preventative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 833 21 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 833 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 23 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 833 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 833 26 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 27 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 833 29 sewage sewage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 833 31 drainage drainage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 833 33 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 833 34 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 833 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 36 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 833 37 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 833 38 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 833 39 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 40 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 833 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 834 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 834 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 834 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 834 4 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 834 5 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 834 6 Clover Clover NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 834 7 demonstrating demonstrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 834 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 834 9 Chloroform Chloroform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 834 10 apparatus apparatus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 11 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 834 12 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 834 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 14 1862 1862 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 834 15 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 16 mid mid NN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 17 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 834 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 834 21 stethoscope stethoscope NN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 22 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 834 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 834 24 oft oft RB en-wikipedia-org-290 834 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 834 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 27 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 834 29 designs design NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 834 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 834 32 microscope microscope NN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 834 34 advanced advance VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 35 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-290 834 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 834 37 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 834 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 834 39 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 834 40 examine examine VB en-wikipedia-org-290 834 41 pathogens pathogen NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 834 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 835 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 835 2 pioneering pioneer VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 835 3 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 5 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 835 6 microbiologist microbiologist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 7 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 835 8 Pasteur Pasteur NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 835 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 835 11 1850s 1850s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 835 12 earned earn VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 835 13 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 835 14 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 835 17 germ germ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 835 18 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 20 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 835 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 836 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 836 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 836 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 836 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 836 5 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 836 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 836 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 836 8 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 836 9 antiseptics antiseptic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 836 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 836 11 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 836 12 Lister Lister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 836 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 836 14 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 836 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 836 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 836 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-290 836 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 836 19 carbolic carbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 836 20 acid acid NN en-wikipedia-org-290 836 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 836 22 phenol phenol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 836 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 836 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 837 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 837 2 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 837 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 837 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 837 5 instructed instruct VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 837 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 837 7 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 8 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 837 10 wear wear VB en-wikipedia-org-290 837 11 gloves glove NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 837 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 837 13 wash wash VB en-wikipedia-org-290 837 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 837 15 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 837 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 837 17 instruments instrument NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 837 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 837 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 837 20 dressings dressing VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 837 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 837 23 phenol phenol NN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 24 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 837 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 27 1869 1869 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 837 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 837 29 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 837 30 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 837 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 837 32 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 837 34 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 837 35 spray spray VB en-wikipedia-org-290 837 36 carbolic carbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 837 37 acid acid NN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 837 40 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 837 41 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 42 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 43 surgery surgery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 837 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 838 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 838 2 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 838 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 838 4 Infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 838 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 838 6 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 838 7 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 838 8 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 838 9 noticeably noticeably RB en-wikipedia-org-290 838 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 838 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 838 12 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 838 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 839 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 839 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 839 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 839 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 839 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 839 6 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 839 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 839 8 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 839 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 839 10 Britons briton NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 839 11 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 839 12 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 839 13 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 839 14 novel novel JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 839 15 climates climate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 839 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 839 17 contagions contagion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 839 18 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-290 839 19 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 839 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 839 21 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 839 22 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 839 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 839 24 tropical tropical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 839 25 diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 839 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 840 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 840 2 1898 1898 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 840 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 840 4 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 840 5 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 840 6 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 840 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 840 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 840 9 mosquito mosquito NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 840 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 840 11 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 840 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 840 13 spreading spread VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 840 14 malaria malaria NN en-wikipedia-org-290 840 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 841 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 841 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 841 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 841 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 5 nitrous nitrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 841 6 oxide oxide NN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 841 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 841 9 laughing laugh VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 841 10 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 841 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 841 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 14 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 841 17 anaesthetic anaesthetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 841 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 841 19 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-290 841 20 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-290 841 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 22 1799 1799 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 841 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 24 Humphry Humphry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 841 25 Davy Davy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 841 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 841 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 841 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 841 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 841 30 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 31 1846 1846 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 841 32 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 841 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 841 34 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 841 35 dentist dentist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 36 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 37 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 841 38 Morton Morton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 841 39 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 841 40 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 841 41 ether ether NN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 42 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 43 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 841 44 patients patient NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 841 45 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 46 anaesthetics anaesthetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 841 47 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 841 48 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 841 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 841 51 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 841 52 profession profession NN en-wikipedia-org-290 841 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 842 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 842 2 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 842 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 842 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 842 5 1847 1847 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 842 6 chloroform chloroform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 842 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 842 8 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 842 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 842 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 842 11 anaesthetic anaesthetic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 842 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 842 13 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 842 14 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 842 15 Simpson Simpson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 842 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 843 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 843 2 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 843 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 843 4 Chloroform Chloroform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 843 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 843 6 favoured favour VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 8 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 843 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 843 10 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 11 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 12 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 843 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 843 15 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 843 16 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 843 17 flammable flammable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 843 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 19 ether ether NN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 843 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 843 22 critics critic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 843 23 complained complain VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 843 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 843 26 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-290 843 27 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-290 843 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 843 29 patient patient NN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 843 31 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-290 843 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 843 33 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 34 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-290 843 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 844 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 844 2 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 844 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 844 4 Chloroform Chloroform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 5 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 7 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 9 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 844 11 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 13 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 14 Snow Snow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 15 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 844 16 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 17 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 18 chloroform chloroform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 844 21 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 23 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 844 24 eighth eighth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 844 25 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 844 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 844 27 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 28 Leopold Leopold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 844 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 844 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 845 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 845 2 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 845 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 845 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 845 5 1920 1920 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 845 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 845 7 chloroform chloroform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 845 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 845 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 845 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 845 11 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 845 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 845 13 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 845 14 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-290 845 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 845 16 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 845 17 narcoses narcose NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 845 18 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 845 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 845 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 845 21 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 845 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 845 23 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 845 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 845 25 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 845 26 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 845 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 846 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 846 2 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 846 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 846 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 846 5 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-290 846 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 846 7 antiseptics antiseptic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 846 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 846 9 anaesthetics anaesthetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 846 10 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 846 11 surgeons surgeon NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 846 12 operate operate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 846 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 846 14 carefully carefully RB en-wikipedia-org-290 846 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 846 16 comfortably comfortably RB en-wikipedia-org-290 846 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 846 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 846 19 patients patient NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 846 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 847 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 847 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 847 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 847 4 Anaesthetics Anaesthetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 847 5 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 847 6 painless painless JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 847 7 dentistry dentistry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 847 8 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 847 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 848 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 848 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 848 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 848 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 848 5 sugar sugar NN en-wikipedia-org-290 848 6 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-290 848 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 848 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 848 9 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 848 10 diet diet NN en-wikipedia-org-290 848 11 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 848 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 848 13 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 848 14 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 848 15 instances instance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 848 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 848 17 tooth tooth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 848 18 decay decay NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 848 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 849 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 849 2 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 849 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 849 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 849 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 849 6 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 849 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 849 8 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 849 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 849 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 849 11 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 849 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 849 13 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 849 14 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 849 15 extracted extract VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 849 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 849 17 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 849 18 dentures denture NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 849 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 850 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 850 2 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 850 3 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 850 6 Waterloo Waterloo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 850 7 Teeth Teeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 850 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 850 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 850 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 850 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 850 12 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 850 13 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 850 14 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 850 15 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 17 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 850 19 carved carve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 20 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 850 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 22 ivory ivory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 850 24 hippopotamus hippopotamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 850 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 850 26 walrus walrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 850 27 jaws jaw NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 850 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 851 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 851 2 188][189 188][189 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 851 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 851 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 851 5 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 851 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 851 7 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 851 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 851 9 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 851 10 criminals criminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 851 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 851 12 victims victim NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 851 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 851 14 battlefields battlefield NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 851 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 851 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 851 17 grave grave NN en-wikipedia-org-290 851 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 851 19 robbers robber NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 851 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 851 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 851 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 851 23 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-290 851 24 bought buy VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 851 25 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 851 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 851 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 851 28 desperately desperately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 851 29 impoverished impoverished JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 851 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 852 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 852 2 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 852 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 852 4 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 852 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 852 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 852 7 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 852 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 852 9 X X NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 852 10 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 852 11 rays ray NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 852 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 852 13 1895 1895 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 852 14 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 852 15 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 852 16 wildfire wildfire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 852 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 853 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 853 2 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 853 3 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 853 5 realised realise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 6 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 853 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 853 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 853 9 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 853 11 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 853 13 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 853 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 853 15 prescribing prescribe VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 853 16 X X NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 853 17 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 853 18 rays ray NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 853 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 20 diagnosis diagnosis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 853 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 23 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 853 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 853 25 locate locate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 853 26 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 27 fractures fracture NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 853 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 853 29 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 853 30 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 853 31 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 853 33 patient patient NN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 853 35 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-290 853 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 854 1 Radioactivity radioactivity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 854 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 854 3 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 854 4 1896 1896 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 854 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 854 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 854 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 854 8 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 854 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 854 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 854 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 854 12 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-290 854 13 cancer cancer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 854 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 855 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 855 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 855 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 855 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 855 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 855 6 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 855 7 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-290 855 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 855 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 855 10 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 855 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 855 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 855 13 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 855 14 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 855 15 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 855 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 855 17 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 855 18 specialised specialised JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 855 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 855 20 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 855 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 855 22 footsteps footstep NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 855 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 855 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 855 25 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 855 26 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 855 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 855 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 855 29 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 855 30 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 855 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 855 32 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 855 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 856 1 Surgeons surgeon NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 856 2 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 856 3 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 856 4 gowns gown NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 856 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 856 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 856 7 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-290 856 8 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-290 856 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 856 10 doctors doctor VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 856 11 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 856 12 coats coat NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 856 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 856 14 stethoscopes stethoscope NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 856 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 856 16 sights sight NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 856 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 856 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 856 19 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 856 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 856 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 856 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 856 23 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-290 856 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 856 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 856 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 856 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 857 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 857 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 857 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 857 4 Yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-290 857 5 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 6 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-290 857 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 857 8 aforementioned aforementioned JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 857 9 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 857 10 advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 857 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 857 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 857 13 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 14 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 15 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 857 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 857 17 marginally marginally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 857 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 857 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 20 20.8 20.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 857 21 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 22 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-290 857 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 24 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 857 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 26 18.2 18.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 857 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 857 29 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 857 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 857 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 858 1 Urbanisation Urbanisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 858 2 aided aid VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 858 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 858 4 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-290 858 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 858 6 diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 858 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 858 8 squalid squalid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 858 9 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-290 858 10 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 858 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 858 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 858 13 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 858 14 exacerbated exacerbate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 858 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 858 16 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 858 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 859 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-290 859 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 859 3 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 859 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 859 5 diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 859 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 859 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 859 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 859 9 cholera cholera NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 859 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 859 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 859 12 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 859 13 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 859 14 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 859 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 859 16 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 859 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 859 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 859 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 859 20 sexually sexually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 859 21 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 859 22 diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 859 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 859 24 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 859 25 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 859 26 felt feel VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 859 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 860 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 860 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 860 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 860 4 Moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 860 5 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 860 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 860 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 860 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 860 9 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 860 10 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 860 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 860 12 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 860 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 860 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 860 15 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 860 16 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 860 17 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 860 18 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 860 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 860 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 860 21 surprising surprising JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 860 22 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 860 23 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 860 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 861 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 861 2 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 861 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 861 4 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 861 5 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 861 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 861 7 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 861 8 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 861 9 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-290 861 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 861 11 British British NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 861 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 861 13 profound profound JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 861 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 862 1 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 862 2 Harold Harold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 862 3 Perkin Perkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 862 4 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 862 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 862 6 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 862 7 1780 1780 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 862 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 862 9 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 862 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 862 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 862 12 ceased cease VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 862 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 862 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 862 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 862 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 862 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 862 18 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 862 19 aggressive aggressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 21 brutal brutal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 23 rowdy rowdy JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 25 outspoken outspoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 27 riotous riotous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 29 cruel cruel JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 862 31 bloodthirsty bloodthirsty JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 32 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 862 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 862 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 862 35 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 862 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 862 37 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 862 38 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 862 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 862 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 862 41 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 862 42 inhibited inhibited JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 44 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 46 orderly orderly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 48 tender tender NN en-wikipedia-org-290 862 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 862 50 minded minded JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 862 52 prudish prudish JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 862 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 862 54 hypocritical hypocritical NN en-wikipedia-org-290 862 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 863 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 863 2 190 190 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 863 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 863 4 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 863 5 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 863 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 863 7 debate debate VB en-wikipedia-org-290 863 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 863 9 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 863 10 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 863 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 863 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 863 13 dramatic dramatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 863 14 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-290 863 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 864 1 Asa Asa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 864 2 Briggs Briggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 864 3 emphasizes emphasize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 864 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 864 5 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 864 6 reaction reaction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 864 7 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 864 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 864 9 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 864 10 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 864 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 864 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 864 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 864 14 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-290 864 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 864 16 focus focus VB en-wikipedia-org-290 864 17 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 864 18 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 864 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 864 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 864 21 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 864 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 864 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 864 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 864 25 diverged diverge VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 864 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 864 27 pleasurable pleasurable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 864 28 sins sin NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 864 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 865 1 Briggs Briggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 865 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 865 3 stresses stress VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 865 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 865 5 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 865 6 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 865 9 evangelical evangelical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 865 10 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 11 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 865 13 Nonconformists Nonconformists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 865 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 865 15 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 865 16 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 865 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 865 19 Evangelical evangelical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 865 20 faction faction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 21 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 865 23 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 24 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 865 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 865 26 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 865 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 866 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 866 2 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 866 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 866 4 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 866 5 reformers reformer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 866 6 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 866 7 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 866 8 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 866 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 866 10 monitored monitor VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 866 11 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 866 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 866 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 866 14 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 866 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 866 16 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 866 17 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-290 866 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 867 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 867 2 191 191 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 867 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 867 4 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 867 6 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 867 7 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 867 8 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 867 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 867 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 867 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 867 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 867 13 marked marked JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 867 14 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 16 gambling gambling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 867 18 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 19 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 867 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 867 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 867 22 obscene obscene JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 867 23 theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 867 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 867 25 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 867 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 867 27 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 867 28 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 867 29 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 867 30 gambling gambling NN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 867 32 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 34 upscale upscale JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 867 35 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 867 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 37 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 867 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 868 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 868 2 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 868 3 visible visible JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 868 4 debauchery debauchery NN en-wikipedia-org-290 868 5 characteristic characteristic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 868 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 868 7 aristocratic aristocratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 868 8 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 868 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 868 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 868 11 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 868 12 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 868 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 868 14 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-290 868 15 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 868 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 869 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 869 2 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 869 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 869 4 Historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 869 5 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 869 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 869 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 869 8 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 869 9 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 869 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 869 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 869 12 professed profess VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 869 13 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 869 14 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 869 15 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 869 16 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 869 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 869 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 869 19 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 869 20 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 869 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 869 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 870 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 870 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 870 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 870 4 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 870 5 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-290 870 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 870 7 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 870 8 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 870 9 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 870 10 suit suit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 870 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 871 1 Moralists moralist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 871 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 871 4 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 871 5 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 871 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 871 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 9 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 871 10 Mayhew Mayhew NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 871 11 decried decry VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 871 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 871 13 slums slum NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 871 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 871 16 supposed suppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 17 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 871 18 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 871 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 20 cohabitation cohabitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 21 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 22 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 871 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 871 24 illegitimate illegitimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 871 25 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 871 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 872 1 However however WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 872 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 872 3 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 4 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 872 5 computerized computerized JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 872 6 matching matching NN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 8 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 872 9 files file NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 872 10 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 872 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 872 13 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 872 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 15 cohabitation cohabitation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 872 17 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-290 872 18 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 872 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 872 20 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 21 5%—for 5%—for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 872 23 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 872 24 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 872 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 872 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 872 27 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 872 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 873 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 873 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 5 21st 21st JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 873 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 873 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 8 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 873 9 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 873 10 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 873 13 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 873 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 873 15 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 16 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 873 17 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 873 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 873 20 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-290 873 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 22 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-290 873 23 newlyweds newlywed NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 873 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 873 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 873 26 cohabitating cohabitate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 873 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 874 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 874 2 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 874 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 874 4 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 874 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 874 6 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-290 874 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 874 8 prisons prison NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 874 9 Crime Crime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 874 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 874 11 getting get VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 874 12 exponentially exponentially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 874 13 worse bad JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 874 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 875 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 875 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 875 3 4,065 4,065 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 875 4 arrests arrest NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 875 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 875 6 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 875 7 offenses offense NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 875 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 875 9 1805 1805 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 875 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 875 11 tripling triple VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 875 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 875 13 14,437 14,437 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 875 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 875 15 1835 1835 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 875 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 875 17 doubling double VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 875 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 875 19 31,309 31,309 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 875 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 875 21 1842 1842 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 875 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 875 23 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 875 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 875 25 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 875 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 876 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 876 2 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 876 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 876 4 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 876 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 876 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 876 7 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 876 8 criminology criminology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 876 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 876 10 emphasized emphasize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 876 11 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 876 12 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 876 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 877 1 Slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 877 2 capital capital JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 877 3 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 877 5 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 7 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 877 9 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-290 877 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 877 12 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 877 13 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 877 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 877 15 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-290 877 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 17 Australia,[195 australia,[195 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 877 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 877 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 877 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 877 21 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 877 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 877 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 24 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 877 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 877 26 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 27 incarceration incarceration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 29 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 877 30 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 877 31 prisons prison NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 877 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 878 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 2 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 878 3 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 4 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 878 5 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-290 878 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 878 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 878 8 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 878 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 878 10 violent violent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 878 11 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 878 13 attacked attack VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 878 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 878 15 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 17 branding brand VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 878 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 878 19 whipping whipping NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 878 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 878 22 hanging hanging NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 878 24 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 878 25 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 27 reformation reformation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 878 30 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 878 33 criminal criminal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 35 breaking break VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 878 36 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 878 37 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 878 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 878 40 encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 878 41 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 878 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 878 43 reflect reflect VB en-wikipedia-org-290 878 44 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 45 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 878 46 shame shame NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 878 48 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 49 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 878 51 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 52 transformed transform VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 878 53 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 878 54 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-290 878 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 879 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 879 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 879 3 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 879 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 879 5 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 6 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 879 7 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 879 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 879 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 879 10 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 879 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 12 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 879 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 14 harsher harsh JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 879 15 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 879 16 ito ito NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 879 17 stop stop VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 879 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 879 19 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 879 20 flood flood NN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 22 criminals criminal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 879 23 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 879 24 released release VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 25 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 879 27 penal penal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 879 28 servitude servitude NN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 29 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 879 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 880 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 880 2 reaction reaction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 880 5 committee committee NN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 6 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 7 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 880 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 880 10 commissioner commissioner NN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 12 prisons prison NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 880 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 880 14 Colonel Colonel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 880 15 Edmund Edmund NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 880 16 Frederick Frederick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 880 17 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 880 18 Cane Cane NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 880 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 880 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 880 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 880 22 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-290 880 23 minimum minimum JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 880 24 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 880 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 26 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 880 27 offences offence NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 880 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 29 deterrent deterrent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 880 30 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 880 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 32 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 880 33 hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 880 34 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 880 36 hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 880 37 fare fare NN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 880 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 880 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 880 41 hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 880 42 bed bed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 880 43 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 880 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 881 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 881 2 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 881 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 881 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 881 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 881 6 prisons prison NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 881 7 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 881 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 881 9 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 881 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 881 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 881 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 881 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 881 14 depraved depraved JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 881 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 882 1 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 882 2 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 882 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 882 4 Checkland Checkland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 882 5 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 882 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 882 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 882 8 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 882 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 882 10 sunk sink VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 882 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 882 12 promiscuity promiscuity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 882 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 882 14 squalor squalor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 882 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 882 16 jailers jailer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 882 17 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 882 18 tyranny tyranny NN en-wikipedia-org-290 882 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 882 20 greed greed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 882 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 882 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 882 23 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 882 24 confusion confusion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 882 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 883 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 883 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 883 3 198 198 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 883 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 883 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 6 1877 1877 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 883 7 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 883 8 Cane Cane NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 883 9 encouraged encourage VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 883 10 Disraeli Disraeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 883 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 883 12 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 883 14 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-290 883 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 883 16 prisons prison NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 883 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 18 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 883 19 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 883 21 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 883 22 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 883 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 883 24 firm firm JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 883 25 grip grip NN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 883 28 prison prison NN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 29 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 30 till till IN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 31 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 883 32 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 33 retirement retirement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 883 35 1895 1895 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 883 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 884 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 884 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 884 3 1890s 1890 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 884 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 884 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 884 6 prison prison NN en-wikipedia-org-290 884 7 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 884 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 884 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 884 10 20,000 20,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 884 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 885 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 885 3 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 885 4 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 885 6 penal penal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 885 7 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 9 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 885 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 885 11 falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 885 12 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 15 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 885 17 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 885 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 885 19 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-290 885 20 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 885 21 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 885 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 886 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 886 2 199 199 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 886 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 886 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 886 5 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 886 6 penal penal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 886 7 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 886 8 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 886 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 886 10 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 886 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 886 12 harsh harsh JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 886 13 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 886 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 886 15 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 886 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 886 17 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-290 886 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 886 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 886 20 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-290 886 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 886 22 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 886 23 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 886 24 prison prison JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 886 25 livelihoods livelihood NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 886 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 887 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 887 2 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 887 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 887 4 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 887 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 887 6 contested contested JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 887 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 888 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 888 2 1877–1914 1877–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 888 3 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 888 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 888 5 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 888 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 888 7 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 888 8 legislative legislative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 888 9 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 888 10 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 888 11 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 888 12 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 888 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 888 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 888 15 penal penal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 888 16 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 888 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 889 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 889 2 1877 1877 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 889 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 889 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 889 5 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 889 6 localized localize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 889 7 prisons prison NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 889 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 889 9 nationalized nationalize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 889 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 889 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 889 12 Home Home NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 889 13 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 889 14 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 889 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 889 16 Prison Prison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 889 17 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 889 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 890 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 890 2 Prison Prison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 890 3 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 890 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 890 5 1898 1898 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 890 6 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 890 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 890 8 Home Home NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 890 9 Secretary Secretary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 890 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 890 11 impose impose VB en-wikipedia-org-290 890 12 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 890 13 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 890 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 890 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 890 16 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 890 17 initiative initiative NN en-wikipedia-org-290 890 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 890 19 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-290 890 20 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 890 21 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 890 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 890 23 politicized politicized JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 890 24 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-290 890 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 890 26 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 890 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 891 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 891 2 Probation Probation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 891 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 4 Offenders Offenders NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 891 5 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 891 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 7 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 891 8 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 891 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 891 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 891 11 probation probation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 12 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 891 14 drastically drastically RB en-wikipedia-org-290 891 15 cut cut VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 891 16 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-290 891 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 891 18 prison prison NN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 891 21 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 22 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 891 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 891 24 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 26 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 27 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-290 891 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 29 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 891 30 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 891 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 892 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 892 2 Criminal Criminal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 892 3 Justice Justice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 892 4 Administration Administration NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 892 5 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 892 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 892 7 1914 1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 892 8 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 892 9 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 892 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 892 11 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-290 892 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 892 13 reasonable reasonable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 892 14 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 892 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-290 892 16 imprisonment imprisonment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 892 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 892 18 ordered order VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 892 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 892 20 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 892 21 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 892 22 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 892 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 892 24 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-290 892 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 892 26 fines fine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 892 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 893 1 Previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 893 2 tens ten NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 893 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 893 4 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 893 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 893 6 prisoners prisoner NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 893 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 893 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 893 9 sentenced sentence VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 893 10 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 893 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 893 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 893 13 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-290 893 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 894 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 894 2 Borstal Borstal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 894 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 4 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 5 1908 1908 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 894 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 894 7 organized organize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 894 9 reclaim reclaim VB en-wikipedia-org-290 894 10 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 894 11 offenders offender NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 894 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 894 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 894 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 894 15 Children Children NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 894 16 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 894 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 18 1908 1908 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 894 19 prohibited prohibit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 20 imprisonment imprisonment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 21 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 22 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 23 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 894 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 894 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 894 26 strictly strictly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 894 27 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 30 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 894 31 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 894 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 894 33 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 894 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 895 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 895 2 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 895 3 reformer reformer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 895 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 895 5 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 895 6 Evelyn Evelyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 895 7 Ruggles Ruggles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 895 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 895 9 Brise Brise NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 895 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 895 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 895 12 chair chair NN en-wikipedia-org-290 895 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 895 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 895 15 Prison Prison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 895 16 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 895 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 896 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 896 2 200][201 200][201 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 896 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 896 4 Prostitution prostitution VB en-wikipedia-org-290 896 5 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 896 6 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 896 8 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 896 9 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 10 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 896 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 896 12 Prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 896 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 896 15 Prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 896 18 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 896 19 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 896 20 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 896 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 896 22 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 896 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 24 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 25 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 896 26 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 896 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 896 28 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 896 30 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 896 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 896 34 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 896 35 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 896 36 evil evil NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 896 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 39 clergymen clergyman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 896 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 896 41 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 896 42 news news NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 43 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 896 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 896 45 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 896 46 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 896 47 feminists feminist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 896 48 viewed view VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 896 49 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 896 52 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 54 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 896 55 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 56 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 896 57 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 896 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 897 1 Estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 897 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 897 4 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 6 prostitutes prostitute NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 897 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 897 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 897 11 1850s 1850 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 897 12 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 897 13 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 897 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 897 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 897 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 897 18 landmark landmark NN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 19 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 897 21 Prostitution Prostitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 897 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 897 23 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 897 24 Acton Acton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 897 25 reported report VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 897 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 897 27 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 29 8,600 8,600 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 897 30 prostitutes prostitute NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 897 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 32 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 897 33 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-290 897 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 897 35 1857 1857 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 897 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 898 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 898 2 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 898 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 898 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 898 5 differing differ VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 898 6 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 898 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 898 8 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 898 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 898 10 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 898 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 898 12 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 898 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 898 14 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-290 898 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 898 16 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 898 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 899 1 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 899 2 Walkowitz Walkowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 899 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 899 4 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 899 5 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 899 6 focusing focus VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 899 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 899 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 899 9 feminist feminist JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 899 10 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-290 899 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 899 12 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-290 899 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 899 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 899 15 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 899 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 899 17 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 899 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 900 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 900 2 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 900 3 blame blame VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 900 4 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 900 5 disparities disparity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 900 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 7 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 900 8 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 900 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 900 11 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 13 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 900 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 900 16 Walkowitz Walkowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 900 17 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 900 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 900 20 demographic demographic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 21 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 22 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 900 23 varied vary VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 900 24 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 900 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 901 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-290 901 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 901 3 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 901 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 901 5 struggled struggle VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 901 6 financially financially RB en-wikipedia-org-290 901 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 901 8 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-290 901 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 901 10 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 901 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 901 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 901 13 prostitutes prostitute NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 901 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 901 15 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-290 901 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 901 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 901 18 secure secure JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 901 19 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-290 901 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 901 21 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-290 901 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 902 1 Orphaned orphan VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 902 2 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 902 3 half half RB en-wikipedia-org-290 902 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 902 5 orphaned orphan VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 902 6 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 902 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 902 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 902 9 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 902 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 902 11 turn turn VB en-wikipedia-org-290 902 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 902 13 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 902 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 902 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 902 16 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-290 902 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 902 18 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-290 902 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 903 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 903 2 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 903 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 903 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 5 overcrowding overcrowd VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 903 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 7 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 903 8 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 903 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 903 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 903 11 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 13 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 14 opportunities opportunity NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 903 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 16 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 903 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 903 18 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 903 20 Walkowitz Walkowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 903 21 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 903 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 903 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 903 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 903 26 variables variable NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 903 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 903 28 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 903 29 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 903 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 903 31 prostitution prostitution VB en-wikipedia-org-290 903 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 904 1 Walkowitz Walkowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 904 2 acknowledges acknowledge VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 904 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 4 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 5 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 7 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 904 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 904 9 feel feel VB en-wikipedia-org-290 904 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 904 11 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 13 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 904 15 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 904 17 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 904 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 905 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 905 2 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 905 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 905 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-290 905 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 905 6 assume assume NN en-wikipedia-org-290 905 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 905 8 pimps pimp NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 905 9 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 905 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 905 11 exploited exploit VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 905 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-290 905 13 prostitutes prostitute NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 905 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 905 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 905 16 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 905 17 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 905 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 905 19 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 905 20 clientele clientele NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 905 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 905 22 pricing pricing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 905 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 906 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 906 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 906 3 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 906 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 906 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 906 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 906 7 exploited exploit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 906 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 906 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 906 10 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-290 906 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 906 12 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-290 906 13 Walkowitz Walkowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 906 14 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 906 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 906 16 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 906 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 906 18 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-290 906 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 906 20 opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 906 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 906 22 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-290 906 23 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 906 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 906 25 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 906 26 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 906 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 907 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 907 2 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 907 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 907 4 Prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 907 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 907 9 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 907 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 907 14 profession profession NN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 907 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 907 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 907 18 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 907 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 907 20 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 21 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 907 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 907 24 once once IN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 907 26 earned earn VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 907 27 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 907 28 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 907 30 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 907 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 907 32 hopes hope NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 907 33 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 34 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 907 35 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 907 36 move move VB en-wikipedia-org-290 907 37 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-290 907 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 907 40 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 907 41 profession profession NN en-wikipedia-org-290 907 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 908 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 908 2 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 908 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 908 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 5 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-290 908 6 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 908 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 908 9 arguments argument NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 908 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 908 12 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 13 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 14 varied vary VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 908 15 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 908 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 908 18 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 908 19 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 908 22 mortal mortal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 908 23 sin sin NN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 908 25 desperate desperate JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 908 26 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 908 29 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 908 30 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 908 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 909 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 909 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 909 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 909 4 plenty plenty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 909 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 909 6 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 909 7 publicly publicly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 909 8 denouncing denounce VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 909 9 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 909 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 909 11 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 909 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 909 13 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 909 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 909 15 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 909 16 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 909 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 909 18 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 909 19 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 909 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 909 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 909 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 910 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-290 910 2 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-290 910 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 910 4 sparked spark VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 910 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 910 6 lot lot NN en-wikipedia-org-290 910 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 910 8 controversy controversy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 910 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 910 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 910 11 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 910 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 910 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 910 14 Contagious Contagious NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 910 15 Diseases Diseases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 910 16 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 910 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 911 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 911 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 911 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 911 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 911 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 911 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-290 911 7 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 911 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 911 9 1864 1864 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 911 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 911 11 1866 1866 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 911 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 911 13 1869 1869 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 911 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 911 15 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 911 16 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-290 911 17 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 911 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 911 19 stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-290 911 20 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 911 21 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-290 911 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 911 23 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 911 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 911 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 911 26 prostitutes prostitute NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 911 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 911 28 force force VB en-wikipedia-org-290 911 29 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 911 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 911 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 911 32 examined examine VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 911 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 912 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 912 2 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 912 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 912 4 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 912 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 912 6 suspected suspect VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 912 7 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 912 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 912 9 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 912 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 912 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 912 12 venereal venereal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 912 13 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 912 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 912 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 912 16 placed place VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 912 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 912 18 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 912 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 912 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 912 21 Lock Lock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 912 22 Hospital Hospital NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 912 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 913 1 Arguments argument NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 913 2 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 913 3 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 913 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 913 5 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 913 6 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 913 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 913 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 913 9 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 913 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 913 11 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 913 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 913 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 913 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 913 15 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 913 16 targeted target VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 913 17 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 913 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 914 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 914 2 205 205 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 914 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 914 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 914 5 1869 1869 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 914 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 914 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 914 8 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 914 9 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 914 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 914 11 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 914 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 914 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 914 14 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 914 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 914 16 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 914 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 915 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-290 915 2 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 915 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 915 4 excluded exclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 915 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 915 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 915 7 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 915 8 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 915 9 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 915 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 915 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 915 12 Ladies Ladies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 915 13 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 915 14 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 915 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 915 16 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 915 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 916 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 916 2 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-290 916 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 916 4 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-290 916 5 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-290 916 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 916 7 Josephine Josephine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 916 8 Butler Butler NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 916 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 917 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 917 2 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 917 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 917 4 Butler Butler NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 917 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 917 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 917 7 outspoken outspoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 917 8 feminist feminist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 917 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 917 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 917 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 917 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 917 13 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 917 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 917 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 917 16 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 917 17 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 917 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 918 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 918 2 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 918 3 Personal Personal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 918 4 Reminiscences Reminiscences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 918 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 918 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 918 7 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 918 8 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 918 9 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 918 10 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 918 11 oppositions opposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 918 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 918 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 918 14 C.D. C.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 919 1 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 919 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 920 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 920 2 206 206 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 920 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 920 4 Along along IN en-wikipedia-org-290 920 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 920 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 920 7 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 920 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 920 9 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 920 10 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 920 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 920 12 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 920 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 920 14 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 920 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 920 16 tours tour NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 920 17 condemning condemn VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 920 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 920 19 C.D. C.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 921 1 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 921 2 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-290 921 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 921 4 1870s 1870s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 921 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 922 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 922 2 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 922 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 922 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 922 5 supporters supporter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 922 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 922 7 reforming reform VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 922 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 922 9 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 922 10 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 922 11 Quakers quaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 922 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 922 13 Methodists Methodists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 922 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 922 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 922 16 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 922 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 923 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 923 2 205 205 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 923 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 923 4 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-290 923 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 923 6 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 923 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 923 8 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-290 923 9 repealed repeal VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 923 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 923 11 1886 1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 923 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 924 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 924 2 205 205 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 924 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 924 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 924 5 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 6 Prostitution Prostitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 924 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 924 8 Action Action NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 924 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 10 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 924 11 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 924 12 Acton Acton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 924 13 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 924 14 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 924 15 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 924 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 924 18 observations observation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 924 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 20 prostitutes prostitute NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 924 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 924 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 924 23 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 924 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 924 25 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 924 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-290 924 27 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 29 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 924 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 924 32 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 924 35 venereal venereal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 924 36 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-290 924 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 925 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 925 2 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 925 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 925 4 Acton Acton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 925 5 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 925 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 925 7 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 925 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 925 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 925 10 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 925 11 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 925 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 925 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 925 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 925 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 925 16 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-290 925 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 925 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 925 19 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-290 925 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 925 21 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-290 925 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 925 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 925 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 926 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 926 2 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 926 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 926 4 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 926 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 926 6 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 926 7 desires desire NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 926 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 926 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 926 10 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 926 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 926 12 relieve relieve VB en-wikipedia-org-290 926 13 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 926 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 926 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 926 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 926 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 926 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 926 19 prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 926 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 926 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 926 22 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-290 926 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 926 24 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-290 926 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 926 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 927 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 927 2 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 927 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 927 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-290 927 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 927 6 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 927 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 927 8 prostitutes prostitute NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 927 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 927 10 wretched wretched JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 927 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 927 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 927 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 927 14 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 927 15 note note VB en-wikipedia-org-290 927 16 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 927 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 927 18 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 927 19 unfairly unfairly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 927 20 criminalized criminalize VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 927 21 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 927 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 927 23 ignored ignore VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 927 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 927 25 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 927 26 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 927 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 928 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 928 2 202][204 202][204 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 928 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 928 4 Events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 928 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 6 1843 1843 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 928 7 launch launch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 11 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 928 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 14 revolutionary revolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 928 15 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 17 Isambard Isambard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 18 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 19 Brunel Brunel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 20 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 21 Opium Opium NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 22 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 928 24 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 928 25 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 928 26 approaching approach VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 928 27 Canton Canton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 29 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 30 1841 1841 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 928 31 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 32 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 928 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 35 mail mail NN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 36 coaches coach NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 928 37 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 38 Newcastle Newcastle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 39 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 40 Tyne Tyne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 928 42 1848 1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 928 43 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 928 45 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 47 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 48 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 49 Canning Canning NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 50 meets meet VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 928 51 Maharaja Maharaja NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 52 Ranbir Ranbir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 53 Singh Singh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 55 Jammu Jammu NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 928 57 Kashmir Kashmir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 928 59 1860 1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 928 60 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 61 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 63 Rorke Rorke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 64 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 928 65 Drift Drift NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 66 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 68 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 928 69 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 928 70 Zulu Zulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 71 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 72 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 73 1879 1879 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 928 74 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 928 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 76 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 77 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 78 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 928 79 Ashanti Ashanti NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 80 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 81 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 82 1896 1896 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 928 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 928 84 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 85 British British NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 928 86 proclaimed proclaim VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 928 87 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 88 protectorate protectorate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 89 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 928 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 928 91 Ashanti Ashanti NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 92 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 928 93 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 929 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 929 2 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 3 Constance Constance NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 4 Wilde Wilde NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 929 6 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 8 Oscar Oscar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 9 Wilde Wilde NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 929 11 pictured picture VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 13 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 14 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 929 16 1889 1889 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 929 17 Daimler Daimler NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 18 Wagonette Wagonette NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 929 20 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 929 22 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 23 1899 1899 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 929 24 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 929 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 929 26 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 929 27 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 929 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 29 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 30 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 31 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 929 33 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 34 Boer Boer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 35 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 36 Workmen Workmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 37 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 929 38 Platt Platt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 929 40 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 929 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 929 42 Oldham Oldham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 929 44 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 929 45 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 929 46 Restoration Restoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 929 49 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 929 50 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 51 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 929 53 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 929 55 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 929 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 930 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 930 2 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 930 3 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 930 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 930 5 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-290 930 6 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-290 930 7 1878 1878 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 930 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 930 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 931 1 1832 1832 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 931 2 Passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 931 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 931 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 931 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 931 6 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 931 7 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 931 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 932 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 932 2 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 932 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 932 4 1833 1833 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 932 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 932 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 932 7 Tract Tract NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 932 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 932 10 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 932 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 932 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 932 14 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 15 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 16 Newman Newman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 932 18 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 932 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 932 20 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 21 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 932 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 932 24 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 932 26 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 932 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 933 1 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 933 2 Ascension ascension NN en-wikipedia-org-290 933 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 933 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 933 5 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 933 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 933 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 933 8 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-290 933 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 934 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 934 2 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 934 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 934 4 1838 1838 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 934 5 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 934 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 934 7 Balta Balta NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 934 8 Liman Liman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 934 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 934 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 934 11 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 934 12 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 934 13 alliance alliance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 934 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 934 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 934 16 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 934 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 934 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 934 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 935 1 1839 1839 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 935 2 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 935 3 Opium Opium NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 935 4 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 935 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 935 6 1839–42 1839–42 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 935 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 935 8 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 935 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 935 10 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 935 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 935 12 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 935 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 936 1 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 936 2 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 936 3 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 936 4 marries marry VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 936 5 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 936 6 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 936 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 936 8 Saxe Saxe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 936 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 936 10 Coburg Coburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 936 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 936 12 Saalfield Saalfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 936 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 937 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 937 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 937 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 937 4 naturalised naturalise VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 937 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 937 6 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 937 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 937 8 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 937 9 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-290 937 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 937 11 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 937 12 Highness Highness NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 937 13 beforehand beforehand RB en-wikipedia-org-290 937 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 938 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 938 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 938 3 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 938 4 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 938 5 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 938 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 938 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 938 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 938 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 938 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 938 11 HRH HRH NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 938 12 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 938 13 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 938 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 939 1 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 939 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 939 3 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 939 4 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 939 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 939 6 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 939 7 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 939 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 939 9 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-290 939 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 939 11 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 939 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 939 13 Waitangi Waitangi NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 939 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 940 1 No no RB en-wikipedia-org-290 940 2 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 940 3 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 940 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 940 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 940 6 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 940 7 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 940 8 1842 1842 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 940 9 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 940 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 940 11 Nanking Nanking NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 940 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 941 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 941 2 Massacre Massacre NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 941 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 941 4 Elphinstone Elphinstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 941 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 941 6 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 941 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 941 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 941 9 Afghans Afghans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 941 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 941 11 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 941 12 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 941 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 941 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 941 15 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 941 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 941 17 incarceration incarceration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 941 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 941 19 16,500 16,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 941 20 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 941 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 941 22 civilians civilian NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 941 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 942 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 942 2 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 942 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 942 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 942 5 Mines Mines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 942 6 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 942 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 942 8 1842 1842 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 942 9 banned ban VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 942 10 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 942 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 942 12 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 942 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 942 14 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 942 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 942 16 coal coal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 942 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 942 18 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-290 942 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 942 20 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-290 942 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 942 22 tin tin NN en-wikipedia-org-290 942 23 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-290 942 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 943 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 943 2 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 943 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 943 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 943 5 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 943 6 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 943 7 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 943 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 943 9 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-290 943 10 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 943 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 944 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 944 2 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 944 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 944 4 1845 1845 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 944 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 944 6 Irish irish JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 944 7 famine famine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 944 8 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 944 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 945 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 945 3 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 945 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 945 5 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-290 945 6 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-290 945 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 945 8 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 945 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 945 10 worst bad JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 945 11 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 945 12 disaster disaster NN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 945 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 15 starvation starvation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 945 17 emigration emigration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 18 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 945 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 945 20 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 22 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 945 23 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 945 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 25 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 26 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 945 27 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-290 945 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 946 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 946 2 famine famine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 946 3 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-290 946 4 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 946 5 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 946 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 946 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 946 8 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 946 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 946 10 demographics demographic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 946 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 946 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 946 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 946 14 rallying rallying NN en-wikipedia-org-290 946 15 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-290 946 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 946 17 nationalist nationalist JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 946 18 sentiment sentiment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 946 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 946 20 pervaded pervade VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 946 21 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 946 22 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 946 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 946 24 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 946 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 946 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 946 27 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 946 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 946 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 947 1 1846 1846 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 947 2 Repeal repeal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 947 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 947 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 947 5 Corn Corn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 947 6 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 947 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 948 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 948 2 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 948 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 948 4 1848 1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 948 5 Death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 948 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 948 7 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-290 948 8 2,000 2,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 948 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 948 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 948 11 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-290 948 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 948 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 948 14 cholera cholera NN en-wikipedia-org-290 948 15 epidemic epidemic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 948 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 949 1 1851 1851 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 949 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 949 3 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 949 4 Exhibition Exhibition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 949 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 949 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 949 7 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 949 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 949 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 949 10 Fair Fair NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 949 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 949 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 949 13 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 949 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 949 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 949 16 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 949 17 Palace,[208 Palace,[208 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 949 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 949 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 949 20 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 949 21 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-290 949 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 949 23 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 949 24 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 949 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 950 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 950 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 950 3 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-290 950 4 rush rush NN en-wikipedia-org-290 950 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 951 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 951 2 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-290 951 3 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 951 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 951 5 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 951 6 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 951 7 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 951 8 tripled triple VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 951 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 952 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 952 2 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 952 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 952 4 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 952 5 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 952 6 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 952 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 952 8 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 952 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 952 10 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 952 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 952 12 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 952 13 declare declare VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 952 14 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 952 15 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-290 952 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 952 17 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 952 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 953 1 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 953 2 loses lose VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 953 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 954 1 1857 1857 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 954 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 954 3 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 954 4 Mutiny Mutiny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 954 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 954 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 954 7 concentrated concentrated JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 954 8 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 10 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 954 11 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 954 12 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 954 14 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 954 17 privately privately RB en-wikipedia-org-290 954 18 owned own VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 19 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 954 20 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 954 21 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 954 22 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 954 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 954 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 954 25 sparked spark VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 27 sepoys sepoy NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 954 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 954 29 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 954 30 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 954 31 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 954 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 954 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 954 35 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 954 36 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 954 37 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-290 954 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 955 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 955 2 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 955 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 955 4 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 955 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 955 6 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-290 955 7 sepoys sepoy NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 955 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 955 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 955 10 sectors sector NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 955 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 955 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 955 13 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 955 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-290 955 15 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-290 955 16 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 955 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 955 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 955 19 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 955 20 quashed quash VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 955 21 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-290 955 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 955 23 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-290 955 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 956 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 956 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 956 3 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 956 4 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 956 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 956 6 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 956 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 956 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 956 9 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 956 10 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-290 956 11 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 956 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 956 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 956 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 956 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 956 16 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 956 17 Raj Raj NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 956 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 957 1 1858 1858 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 957 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 957 3 Prime Prime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 4 Minister Minister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 957 6 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 7 Palmerston Palmerston NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 957 9 responds respond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 957 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 957 12 Orsini Orsini NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 13 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 14 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 15 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 957 16 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 17 Napoleon Napoleon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 18 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 957 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 957 21 bombs bomb NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 957 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 957 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 957 25 purchased purchase VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 27 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 957 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 30 attempting attempt VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 957 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 957 32 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-290 957 33 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 957 34 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 957 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 957 36 felony felony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 957 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 957 39 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 957 40 uproar uproar NN en-wikipedia-org-290 957 41 forces force VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 957 42 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 957 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 957 44 resign resign VB en-wikipedia-org-290 957 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 958 1 1859 1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 958 2 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 958 3 Darwin Darwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 958 4 publishes publish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 958 5 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 958 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 958 7 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 958 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 958 9 Species Species NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 958 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 958 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 958 12 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 958 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 958 14 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 958 15 reactions reaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 958 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 959 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 959 2 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 959 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 959 4 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 959 6 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 959 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 959 9 grandchild grandchild NN en-wikipedia-org-290 959 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 959 11 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 12 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 959 14 Prussia Prussia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 959 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 959 17 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 959 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 19 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 959 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 21 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-290 959 22 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 959 23 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 24 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 959 26 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 27 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 959 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 960 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 960 2 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 960 3 Mill Mill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 960 4 publishes publish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 960 5 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 960 6 Liberty Liberty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 960 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 960 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 960 9 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 960 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 960 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 960 12 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 960 13 harm harm NN en-wikipedia-org-290 960 14 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 960 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 961 1 1861 1861 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 961 2 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 961 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 961 4 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 961 5 Albert;[208 Albert;[208 VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 961 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 961 7 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 961 8 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 961 9 refuses refuse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 961 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 961 11 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-290 961 12 out out RB en-wikipedia-org-290 961 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 961 14 public public NN en-wikipedia-org-290 961 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 961 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 961 17 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 961 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 961 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 961 20 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 961 21 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 961 22 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 961 23 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 961 24 wore wear VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 961 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 961 26 widow widow NN en-wikipedia-org-290 961 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 961 28 bonnet bonnet NN en-wikipedia-org-290 961 29 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-290 961 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 961 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 961 32 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-290 961 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 962 1 1865 1865 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 962 2 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 962 3 Carroll Carroll NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 962 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 962 5 Alice Alice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 962 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 962 7 Adventures adventure NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 962 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 962 9 Wonderland Wonderland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 962 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 962 11 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 962 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 963 1 1866 1866 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 963 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 963 3 angry angry JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 963 4 crowd crowd NN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 6 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 963 8 protesting protest VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 963 9 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 11 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 963 13 resignation resignation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 15 Prime Prime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 16 Minister Minister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 963 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 963 19 barred bar VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 21 Hyde Hyde NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 22 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 963 25 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 963 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 28 tear tear VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 29 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-290 963 30 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 31 railings railing NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 963 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 963 33 trample trample NN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 35 flower flower NN en-wikipedia-org-290 963 36 beds bed NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 963 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 964 1 Disturbances disturbance NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 964 2 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-290 964 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 964 4 convince convince NN en-wikipedia-org-290 964 5 Derby Derby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 964 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 964 7 Disraeli Disraeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 964 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 964 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 964 10 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-290 964 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 964 12 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 964 13 parliamentary parliamentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 964 14 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 964 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 965 1 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 965 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 965 3 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 965 4 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 965 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 965 6 1867 1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 965 7 passes pass VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 965 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 965 9 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 965 10 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 965 11 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 965 12 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 965 13 Dominion dominion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 965 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 965 15 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 965 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 966 1 1875 1875 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 966 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 966 3 purchased purchase VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 966 4 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 966 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 966 6 shares share NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 966 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 966 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 966 9 Suez Suez NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 966 10 Canal[208 Canal[208 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 966 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 966 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 966 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 966 14 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 966 15 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 966 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 966 17 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 966 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 966 19 raise raise VB en-wikipedia-org-290 966 20 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-290 966 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 966 22 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-290 966 23 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-290 966 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 966 25 debts debt NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 966 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 967 1 1876 1876 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 967 2 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 967 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 967 4 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 967 5 inventor inventor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 967 6 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 967 7 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 967 8 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 967 9 patents patent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 967 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 967 11 telephone telephone NN en-wikipedia-org-290 967 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 968 1 1878 1878 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 968 2 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 968 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 968 4 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 968 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 969 1 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 969 2 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 969 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 969 4 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 969 5 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 969 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 970 1 1879 1879 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 970 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 970 3 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 970 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 970 5 Isandlwana Isandlwana NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 970 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 970 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 970 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 970 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 970 10 encounter encounter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 970 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 970 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 970 13 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 970 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 970 15 Zulu Zulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 970 16 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 970 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 971 1 1881 1881 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 971 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 971 3 British British NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 971 4 suffer suffer VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 5 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 971 8 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 10 Majuba Majuba NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 11 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 971 13 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 971 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 971 16 signing signing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 971 19 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 20 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 971 22 later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 971 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 971 24 Pretoria Pretoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 25 Convention Convention NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 971 27 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 971 29 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 971 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 971 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 971 32 reinstated reinstate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 971 33 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 34 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 35 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 971 37 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 971 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 971 39 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 40 Boer Boer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 41 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 971 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 972 1 Sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-290 972 2 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 972 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 972 4 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-290 972 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 972 6 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-290 972 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 972 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 972 9 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 972 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 972 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 972 12 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 972 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 972 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 973 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 973 2 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 973 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 973 4 1882 1882 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 973 5 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 973 6 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 973 7 begin begin VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 973 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 973 9 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 973 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 13 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 973 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 973 15 Suez Suez NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 973 16 Canal Canal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 973 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 973 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 973 19 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-290 973 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 973 21 vital vital JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 973 22 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 23 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 973 25 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 27 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 973 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 973 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 973 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 973 31 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 32 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 973 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 973 34 protectorate protectorate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 973 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 974 1 1884 1884 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 974 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 974 3 Fabian Fabian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 974 6 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 974 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 974 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 974 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 974 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-290 974 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 974 13 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 974 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 974 15 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 974 16 intellectuals intellectual NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 974 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 974 18 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 974 19 Quaker Quaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 20 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 21 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 22 Pease Pease NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 974 24 Havelock Havelock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 25 Ellis Ellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 974 27 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 28 Nesbit Nesbit NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 974 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 974 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 974 31 promote promote VB en-wikipedia-org-290 974 32 socialism socialism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 974 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 975 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 975 2 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 975 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 975 4 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 975 5 Leopold Leopold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 975 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 975 7 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 975 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 975 9 Albany Albany NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 975 10 dies die VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 975 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 976 1 1885 1885 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 976 2 Blackpool Blackpool NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 976 3 Electric Electric NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 976 4 Tramway Tramway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 976 5 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 976 6 starts start VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 976 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 976 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 976 9 electric electric NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 976 10 tram tram NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 976 11 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 976 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 976 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 976 14 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 976 15 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 976 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 977 1 1886 1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 977 2 Prime Prime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 3 Minister Minister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 5 Ewart Ewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 6 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 977 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 977 9 Liberal Liberal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 10 Party Party NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 11 tries try VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 977 12 passing pass VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 977 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 977 14 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 15 Irish Irish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 16 Home Home NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 17 Rule Rule NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 18 Bill Bill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 977 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-290 977 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 977 22 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 977 24 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 25 rejects reject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 977 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 977 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 978 1 1888 1888 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 978 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 978 3 serial serial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 978 4 killer killer NN en-wikipedia-org-290 978 5 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 978 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 978 7 Jack Jack NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 978 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 978 9 Ripper Ripper NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 978 10 murders murder NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 978 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 978 12 mutilates mutilate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 978 13 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-290 978 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 978 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 978 16 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 978 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 978 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 978 19 prostitutes prostitute NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 978 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 978 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 978 22 streets street NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 978 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 978 24 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 978 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 979 1 1889 1889 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 979 2 Emily Emily NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 979 3 Williamson Williamson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 979 4 founds found VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 979 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 979 6 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 979 7 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 979 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 979 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 979 10 Protection Protection NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 979 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 979 12 Birds Birds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 979 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 980 1 1870–1891 1870–1891 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 980 2 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 980 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 980 4 Elementary Elementary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 980 5 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 980 6 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 980 7 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 980 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 980 9 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 980 10 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 980 11 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 980 12 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 980 13 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 980 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 980 15 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-290 980 16 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 980 17 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 980 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 980 19 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 980 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 980 21 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 980 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 981 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 981 2 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 981 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 981 4 1898 1898 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 981 5 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 981 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 981 7 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 981 8 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 981 9 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 981 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 981 11 Horatio Horatio NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 981 12 Kitchener Kitchener NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 981 13 defeat defeat VB en-wikipedia-org-290 981 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 981 15 Mahdist Mahdist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 981 16 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 981 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 981 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 981 19 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 981 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 981 21 Omdurman Omdurman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 981 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 981 23 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-290 981 24 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 981 25 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 981 26 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 981 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 981 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 981 29 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 981 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 982 1 Winston Winston NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 982 2 Churchill Churchill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 982 3 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 982 4 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-290 982 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 982 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 982 7 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 982 8 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 982 9 charge charge NN en-wikipedia-org-290 982 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 982 11 Omdurman Omdurman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 982 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 983 1 1899 1899 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 983 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 983 3 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 983 4 Boer Boer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 983 5 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 983 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 983 7 fought fight VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 983 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-290 983 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 983 10 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 983 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 983 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 983 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 983 14 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 983 15 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 983 16 Boer Boer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 983 17 republics republic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 983 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 984 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 984 2 Boers Boers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 984 3 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-290 984 4 surrendered surrender VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 984 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 984 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 984 7 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 984 8 annexed annex VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 984 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 984 10 Boer Boer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 984 11 republics republic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 984 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 985 1 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 985 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 985 3 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-290 985 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 985 5 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 985 6 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 985 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 985 8 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 985 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 985 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 985 11 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 985 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 986 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 986 2 ascension ascension NN en-wikipedia-org-290 986 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 986 4 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 986 5 eldest eld JJS en-wikipedia-org-290 986 6 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 986 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 986 8 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 986 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 986 10 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 986 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 986 12 Edwardian edwardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 986 13 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 986 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 987 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 987 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 987 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 987 4 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 987 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 987 6 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 987 7 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 987 8 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 987 9 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 987 10 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 987 11 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 987 12 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 987 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 987 14 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 987 15 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 987 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 987 17 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 987 18 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 987 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 988 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 4 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 5 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 988 7 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 8 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 9 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 988 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 988 11 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 12 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 988 15 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 16 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 17 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 988 20 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 22 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 23 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 988 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 988 26 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 27 Powers Powers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 988 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 988 29 1814–1919 1814–1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 988 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 988 31 Imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 32 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 33 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 34 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 35 decorative decorative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 36 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 988 37 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 38 fashion fashion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 39 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 40 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 41 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 42 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 43 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 988 45 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 46 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 47 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 49 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 50 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 988 53 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 54 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 55 Victoriana Victoriana NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 56 Horror Horror NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 57 Victorianorum Victorianorum NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 58 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 988 59 cemeteries cemetery NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 988 60 Gilded gild VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 988 61 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 988 63 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 988 65 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 66 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 67 Belle Belle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 68 Époque Époque NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 988 70 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 71 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 72 Citations Citations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 988 73 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 988 74 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 988 76 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 988 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 988 78 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 988 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 988 80 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 989 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 989 2 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 989 3 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 989 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 989 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 989 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 989 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 990 1 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 990 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 990 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 991 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 991 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 991 3 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 991 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 991 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 991 6 34–38 34–38 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 991 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 992 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 992 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 992 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 992 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 992 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 992 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 992 7 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 992 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 992 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 993 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 993 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 993 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 993 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 993 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 994 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 994 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 994 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 994 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 994 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-290 994 6 Dutton Dutton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 994 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 994 8 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 994 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 994 10 Woodley Woodley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 994 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 994 12 Menie Menie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 994 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 994 14 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 994 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 994 16 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 994 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 994 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 995 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 995 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 995 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 995 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 995 5 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 995 6 Did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 995 7 Selection Selection NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 995 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 995 9 Intelligence Intelligence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 995 10 Go go VB en-wikipedia-org-290 995 11 Into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 995 12 Reverse reverse NN en-wikipedia-org-290 995 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 995 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 995 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 996 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 996 2 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 996 3 Wits wit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 996 4 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 996 5 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 996 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 996 7 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 996 8 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 996 9 're be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 996 10 Becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 996 11 Less Less JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 996 12 Intelligent intelligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 996 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 996 14 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 996 15 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 996 16 Means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 996 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 996 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 996 19 Future Future NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 996 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 997 1 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 997 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 997 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 997 4 Imprint Imprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 997 5 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 997 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 998 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 998 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 999 1 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 999 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 999 3 95–6 95–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 999 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1000 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1000 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1000 3 9781845409852 9781845409852 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1000 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 10 Atterbury Atterbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 12 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 14 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 15 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 16 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1001 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1002 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1002 2 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1002 3 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1002 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1002 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1003 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1003 2 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1003 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1004 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1004 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1004 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1004 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1004 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 10 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 11 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 12 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 13 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 14 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 16 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 18 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 19 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 20 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1005 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 6 Fluke Fluke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 8 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1006 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1007 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1007 2 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1007 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1008 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1008 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1008 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1008 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1008 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 4 Woodley Woodley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 6 Menie Menie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 8 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 10 te te NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 11 Nijenhuis Nijenhuis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 13 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 15 Murphy Murphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 17 Raegan Raegan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 19 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 21 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 22 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1009 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1010 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1010 2 Were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1010 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1010 4 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1010 5 cleverer cleverer RBR en-wikipedia-org-290 1010 6 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1010 7 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1010 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 2 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 4 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 5 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 6 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 9 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 11 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 14 slowing slowing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 16 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 17 reaction reaction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 18 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1011 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1012 1 Intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1012 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1013 1 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1013 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1013 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1013 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1013 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1013 6 843–50 843–50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1013 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 3 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 5 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 6 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 7 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 12 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 13 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 14 Web Web NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 15 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 17 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 21 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 22 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 24 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 26 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 27 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 28 Summary Summary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1014 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1015 1 Homepage.tinet.ie homepage.tinet.ie RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1015 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 6 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1016 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1017 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1017 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1017 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1017 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1017 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 2 Exiles Exiles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 4 Emigrants Emigrants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 5 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 11 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 12 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1018 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 2 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 4 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 5 ^ ^ VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 7 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 8 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 9 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 10 Daniels Daniels NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 12 Morna Morna NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1019 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 2 Aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 6 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 8 Children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 10 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1020 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1021 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1021 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1021 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1022 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1022 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1022 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1022 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1022 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1023 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1023 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1023 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1023 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1023 5 Eliot Eliot NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1023 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1023 7 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1023 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 2 Aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 6 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 8 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1024 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1025 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1025 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1025 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1026 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1026 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1026 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1026 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1026 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 6 Aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 9 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 10 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 12 Magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 14 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1027 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1028 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1028 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1028 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1029 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1029 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1029 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1029 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1029 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1030 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1030 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1030 3 Wolffe Wolffe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1030 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1030 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1030 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1030 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 1 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 3 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 4 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 6 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 8 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1031 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1032 1 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1032 2 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1032 3 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1032 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1032 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1032 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1033 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1033 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1034 1 129–30 129–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1034 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1035 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1035 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1035 3 9780719051845 9780719051845 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1035 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 6 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1036 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1037 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1037 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1037 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1037 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1037 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 2 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 3 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 6 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 8 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 11 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 14 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 17 169–318 169–318 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1038 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 9 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1039 10 E.A. E.A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1040 1 Benians Benians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1040 2 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1040 3 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1040 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1041 1 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-290 1041 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 6 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 8 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1042 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 1 iii iii LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 3 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 4 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 6 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 7 1870–1919 1870–1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 8 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 10 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 13 1–16 1–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1043 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 1 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 2 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 4 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 5 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 6 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 7 Garraty Garraty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 9 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1044 10 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1045 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1045 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1045 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1045 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 3 XVI XVI NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 6 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 8 Save save VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 10 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1046 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 2 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 3 Nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1047 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1048 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1048 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1048 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1048 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1048 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1048 6 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1048 7 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1048 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1049 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1049 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1049 3 423 423 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1049 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 5 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 7 042312 042312 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1050 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 10 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 11 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 12 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 13 Holland Holland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 14 Rose Rose NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 15 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 16 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1051 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1052 1 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-290 1052 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 6 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 8 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 10 ii ii NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 13 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 18 1783–1870 1783–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 20 1940 1940 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 22 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 23 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 25 ix ix NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1053 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 1 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 2 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 4 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 5 Plunkett Plunkett NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 7 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 9 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 10 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 11 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 13 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1054 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1055 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1055 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1055 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1055 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1056 1 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1056 2 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1056 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1056 4 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1056 5 Sourcebook Sourcebook NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1056 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1057 1 Houndmills houndmill NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1057 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1057 3 Basingstoke basingstoke NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1057 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1057 5 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1057 6 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1057 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1058 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1058 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1058 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1058 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 2 Hewitt Hewitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 6 Spring Spring NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1059 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 2 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 4 Notion Notion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 6 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 7 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 8 Does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 9 Make make VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 10 Sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1060 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1061 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1061 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1061 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1062 1 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1062 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1062 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1062 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1062 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1062 6 395–438 395–438 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1062 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1063 1 doi:10.2979 doi:10.2979 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1063 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1063 3 VIC.2006.48.3.395 VIC.2006.48.3.395 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1063 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1064 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1065 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1065 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1065 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1065 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1065 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 2 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 3 Sadleir Sadleir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 5 Trollope Trollope NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 7 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 8 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 11 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 13 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 14 Sadleir Sadleir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 16 Trollope Trollope NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 18 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 19 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 22 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 23 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 24 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 25 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 26 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 27 Sadleir Sadleir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 29 Trollope Trollope NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 31 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 32 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 34 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 35 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 37 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 38 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 39 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 40 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 41 Sadleir Sadleir NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 43 Trollope Trollope NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 45 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 46 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 48 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1066 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 1 25–30 25–30 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 3 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 4 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 5 Trevelyan Trevelyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 9 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 11 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 12 1926 1926 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 15 650 650 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 16 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 18 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 19 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 20 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 21 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 22 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 23 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 24 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 26 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 27 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 30 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 31 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 32 redefined redefine VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 33 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 35 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1067 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1068 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1068 2 Teach Teach NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1068 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1069 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1069 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1069 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1069 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1069 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 5 Tidridge Tidridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 7 Nathan Nathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 9 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 10 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 11 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1070 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 2 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 3 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 6 embrace embrace VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 8 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 9 Mother Mother NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 11 Confederation Confederation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1071 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1072 1 Macleans Macleans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1072 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1073 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1073 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1073 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1073 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1073 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 4 Swisher Swisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 7 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 9 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 10 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1074 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1075 1 248–50 248–50 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1075 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 5 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 6 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1076 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1077 1 Essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1077 2 Visual visual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1077 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1077 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1077 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1077 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1077 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1078 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1078 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1078 3 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1078 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1079 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1079 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1080 1 290–92 290–92 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1080 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 7 4262 4262 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 9 0091 0091 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1081 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 2 Kinealy Kinealy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 4 Christine Christine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 9 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 11 Calamity Calamity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 13 Gill Gill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 14 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 15 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 19 xv xv NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 20 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 21 Lusztig Lusztig NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 23 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 25 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 26 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1082 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 2 Solving solve VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 3 Peel Peel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 5 Puzzle Puzzle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 7 Repeal repeal NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 10 Corn Corn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 11 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 13 Institutional Institutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 14 Preservation Preservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1083 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1084 1 Comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1084 2 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1084 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1085 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1085 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1085 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1085 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1085 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1085 6 393–408 393–408 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1085 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1086 1 doi:10.2307/422226 doi:10.2307/422226 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1086 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1087 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1087 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1087 3 422226 422226 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1087 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 2 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 6 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 8 1954 1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1088 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 2 Struggle Struggle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 4 Mastery Mastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 6 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 8 1848–1918 1848–1918 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1089 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1090 1 OXFORD OXFORD NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1090 2 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1090 3 PRESS press NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1090 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1090 5 MUMBAI MUMBAI NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1090 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1091 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1091 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1092 1 60–61 60–61 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1092 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 2 Jill Jill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 3 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 4 Bender Bender NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 7 1857 1857 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 8 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 9 Uprising Uprising NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 12 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 15 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 18 205pp 205pp CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1093 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 4 Amanda Amanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 5 Foreman Foreman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 10 Fire Fire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 12 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 14 Crucial Crucial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 15 Role Role NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 18 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 19 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 20 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 22 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1094 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 2 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 3 Jenkins Jenkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 6 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 7 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 8 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 9 Asquith Asquith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 12 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 13 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 14 Pattern Pattern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 15 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 16 Liberal Liberal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 17 Leadership Leadership NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1095 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 2 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 4 1964 1964 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 6 14#7 14#7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 8 445–452 445–452 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 10 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1096 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1097 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1097 2 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1097 3 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1097 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1097 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1097 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1097 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1098 1 Essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1098 2 Visual visual JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1098 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1098 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1098 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1098 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1098 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1099 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1099 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1099 3 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1099 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1100 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1100 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1100 3 398 398 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1100 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 7 4262 4262 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 9 0091 0091 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1101 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 3 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 4 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 7 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 8 story story NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 10 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 11 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 12 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 13 bliss bliss NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 14 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1102 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1103 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1103 2 Magazine Magazine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1103 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1104 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1104 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1104 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1104 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1105 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1105 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1105 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1105 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1105 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 2 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 6 Frame Frame NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 8 Mind Mind NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 13 Wohl Wohl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 15 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 16 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 18 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1106 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1107 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1107 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1107 3 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1107 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1107 5 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1107 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1107 7 stresses stress NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1107 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1108 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1108 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1108 3 Croom Croom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1108 4 Helm Helm NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1108 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1109 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1109 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1109 3 9780856644382 9780856644382 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1109 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 1 Cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 4 Summerscale Summerscale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 6 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1110 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 2 suspicions suspicion NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 4 Mr. Mr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 5 Whicher Whicher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 8 murder murder NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 10 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 11 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 12 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1111 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1112 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1112 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1112 3 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1112 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1113 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1113 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1114 1 109–110 109–110 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1114 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1115 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1115 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1115 3 9780747596486 9780747596486 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1115 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 2 novel novel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 5 Asa Asa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 6 Briggs Briggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 9 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 11 Improvement Improvement NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 12 1783–1867 1783–1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 14 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 17 236–85 236–85 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1116 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 4 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 6 Evangelicalism Evangelicalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 8 utilitarianism utilitarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 9 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 10 Élie Élie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 11 Halévy Halévy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 14 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 18 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 20 1815 1815 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 22 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 24 585–95 585–95 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 26 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 27 3:213–15 3:213–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1117 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1118 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1118 2 G.M. G.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 1 Young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 3 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 6 Portrait Portrait NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 9 Age age NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 11 1936 1936 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 13 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 16 1953 1953 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 20 1–6 1–6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1119 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 2 Briggs Briggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 5 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 7 Improvement Improvement NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 8 1783–1867 1783–1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 10 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 12 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 13 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1120 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 3 Roach Roach NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 6 Liberalism liberalism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 9 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 10 Intelligentsia Intelligentsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1121 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 2 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 4 13#1 13#1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 6 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 9 58–81 58–81 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1122 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1123 1 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1123 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 2 Young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 4 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 5 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 7 Portrait Portrait NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 10 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 11 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 12 10–12 10–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1124 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 4 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 6 Evangelicalism Evangelicalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 8 utilitarianism utilitarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 9 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 10 Élie Élie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 11 Halévy Halévy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 14 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 18 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 20 1815 1815 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 22 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 24 585–95 585–95 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 26 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 27 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 28 213–15 213–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1125 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 2 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 3 Woodward Woodward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 6 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 8 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 10 1815–1870 1815–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 12 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 15 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 16 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 18 78–90 78–90 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 20 446 446 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 22 456 456 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 24 464–65 464–65 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1126 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 2 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 4 Bebbington Bebbington NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 7 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 8 Conscience Conscience NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 10 Chapel Chapel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 12 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 14 1870–1914 1870–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 16 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 17 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 18 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 19 Unwin Unwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 21 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 24 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 25 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 26 Wykes Wykes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 29 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 31 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 33 Dissent Dissent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 36 Restoration Restoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 39 Twentieth Twentieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 40 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 43 Parliamentary parliamentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 44 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 46 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 48 24#1 24#1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 49 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 50 1–26 1–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 51 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 52 Owen Owen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 53 Chadwick Chadwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 55 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 56 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 57 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 59 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 61 1:7–9 1:7–9 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 63 47–48 47–48 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1127 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 2 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 4 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 7 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 8 Frame Frame NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 10 Mind Mind NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 12 1830–1870 1830–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 14 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 16 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 17 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1128 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 10 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 11 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 12 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 14 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 16 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1129 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 5 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 7 Entropy Entropy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 10 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 12 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1130 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1131 1 Heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1131 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1131 3 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1131 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1131 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1131 6 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1131 7 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1131 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1132 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1132 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1132 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1132 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1132 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1132 6 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1132 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1132 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 9 33332 33332 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1133 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1134 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1134 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1134 3 Ramsden Ramsden NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1134 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1134 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1134 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 5 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 7 Twentieth Twentieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 9 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 10 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 11 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 13 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 17 474 474 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1135 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 2 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 4 Bebbington Bebbington NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 7 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 8 Conscience Conscience NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1136 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 1 Chapel Chapel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 3 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 5 1870–1914 1870–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 7 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1137 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 2 Sally Sally NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 3 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 7 An An NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 8 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 10 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 13 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 14 547 547 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 16 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 17 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 18 Watts Watts NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 20 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1138 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 2 Dissenters dissenter NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 5 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 7 conscience conscience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 9 nonconformity nonconformity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1139 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1140 1 Clarendon Clarendon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1140 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1140 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1141 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1141 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1141 3 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1141 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1142 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1142 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1142 3 9780198229698 9780198229698 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1142 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 2 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 3 Larsen Larsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 7 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 8 Conscience conscience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1143 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 1 Free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 2 Churchmen Churchmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 4 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 6 Nineteenth‐Century nineteenth‐century JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 7 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1144 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 1 Parliamentary parliamentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 3 24#1 24#1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 8 107–119 107–119 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1145 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 2 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 3 Helmstadter Helmstadter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 7 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 8 Conscience Conscience NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 11 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 12 Marsh Marsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 15 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 18 Conscience Conscience NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 21 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 22 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 24 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 27 135–72 135–72 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1146 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 2 Glaser Glaser NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 5 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 7 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1147 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 3 Nonconformity Nonconformity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 6 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 8 Liberalism Liberalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1148 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1149 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1149 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1149 3 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1149 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1149 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1150 1 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1150 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1150 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1150 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1150 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1150 6 352–363 352–363 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1150 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1151 1 doi:10.2307/1849549 doi:10.2307/1849549 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1151 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1152 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1152 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1152 3 1849549 1849549 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1152 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 2 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 3 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 4 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 5 Machin Machin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 8 Resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 10 Repeal Repeal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 13 Test Test NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 15 Corporation Corporation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 16 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 18 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1153 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 1 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 3 22#1 22#1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 5 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 8 115–139 115–139 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1154 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 2 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 7 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1155 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 3 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 6 Dissent Dissent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 10 Repeal Repeal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 11 Campaign Campaign NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 13 1820–1828 1820–1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1156 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1157 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1157 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1157 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1157 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1157 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1157 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1158 1 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1158 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1158 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1158 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1158 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1158 6 374–393 374–393 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1158 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1159 1 doi:10.1086/239951 doi:10.1086/239951 UH en-wikipedia-org-290 1159 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1160 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1160 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1160 3 1876681 1876681 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1160 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 2 Olive Olive NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 3 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 6 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 8 Abolition Abolition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 10 Compulsory Compulsory NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 11 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 12 Rates Rates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 15 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 16 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 17 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 20 Historiographical Historiographical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 21 Career Career NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1161 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 3 Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 5 25#2 25#2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 7 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 10 185–198 185–198 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1162 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 2 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 3 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 4 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 5 Machin Machin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 8 Gladstone Gladstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 10 Nonconformity Nonconformity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 13 1860s 1860 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 16 Formation Formation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 19 Alliance Alliance NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 20 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1163 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 1 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 8 347–64 347–64 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1164 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 2 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 3 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 4 Ellens Ellens NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 6 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 7 Routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 9 Gladstonian Gladstonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 10 Liberalism Liberalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 13 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 14 Rate Rate NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 15 Conflict Conflict NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 17 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 19 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 20 1852–1868 1852–1868 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 22 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1165 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 2 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 3 Helmstadter Helmstadter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 7 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 8 Conscience Conscience NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 11 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 12 Marsh Marsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 15 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 18 Conscience Conscience NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 21 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 22 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 24 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 27 144–47 144–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1166 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 2 Helmstadter Helmstadter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 6 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 7 Conscience Conscience NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 9 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 10 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1167 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 2 Alastair Alastair NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 3 Bonnett Bonnett NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 4 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 6 Agnostic Agnostic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 7 Saladin Saladin NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 8 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 10 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 12 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 15 63#2 63#2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 17 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1168 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 1 47–52 47–52 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 3 Owen Owen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 4 Chadwick Chadwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 7 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 8 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 10 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 12 1829–1859 1829–1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 14 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 17 487–89 487–89 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1169 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 2 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 3 Royle Royle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 6 Infidels Infidels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 9 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 12 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 13 secularist secularist NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 14 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 16 1791–1866 1791–1866 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 18 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 20 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 21 86–88 86–88 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1170 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 1 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 3 Shirley Shirley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 5 Mullen Mullen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 8 Organized organized JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 9 Freethought Freethought NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 12 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 14 Unbelief Unbelief NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 16 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 17 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 19 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 22 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1171 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 2 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 3 Lightman Lightman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 5 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 7 Agnosticism Agnosticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 9 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 10 Unbelief Unbelief NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 11 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 13 Limits Limits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 15 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 17 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 20 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 21 Lightman Lightman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 24 Huxley Huxley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 26 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 27 agnosticism agnosticism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 30 strange strange JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 31 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 34 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 35 rhetorical rhetorical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 36 strategy strategy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1172 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 7 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 8 # # NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 11 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 13 272–94 272–94 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1173 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 2 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 3 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 4 Hoppen Hoppen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 7 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 9 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 10 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 12 1846–1886 1846–1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 14 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 17 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 18 316ff 316ff NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1174 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1175 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1175 2 Robyn Robyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1175 3 Ryle Ryle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1175 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1175 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1175 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1175 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1176 1 Questioning question VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1176 2 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1176 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1176 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1176 5 sociological sociological JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1176 6 exploration exploration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1176 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 1 Thousand Thousand NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 2 Oaks Oaks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 4 Calif. California NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 6 SAGE SAGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 7 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 8 Pine Pine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 9 Forge Forge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1177 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1178 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1178 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1179 1 342–43 342–43 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1179 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 7 4129 4129 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 9 6594 6594 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1180 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 2 Linda Linda NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 3 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 6 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 7 Constrained constrain VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 9 Zeal Zeal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 10 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 12 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 14 Mid‐NineteenthCentury Mid‐NineteenthCentury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 15 Nonconformist Nonconformist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 16 Churches Churches NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1181 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 3 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 5 23.2 23.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 10 185–202 185–202 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1182 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 2 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 3 Rubinow Rubinow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 4 Gorsky Gorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 6 Femininity femininity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 8 Feminism feminism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 10 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 12 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 15 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 16 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 18 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 20 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 21 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 22 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 23 Gray Gray NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 26 Angel Angel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 29 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 32 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 34 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 35 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 37 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 40 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 41 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 43 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 45 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 46 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 47 40–41 40–41 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 48 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 50 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 51 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 53 Michelle Michelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 55 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 56 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 57 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1183 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 2 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 3 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 4 paintings painting NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 6 break break VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 7 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 10 celebration celebration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 12 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1184 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1185 1 USC USC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1185 2 Dornsife Dornsife NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1185 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1186 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1186 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1186 3 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1186 4 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1186 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1187 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1187 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1187 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1187 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1187 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 4 Dutton Dutton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 6 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 8 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 9 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 10 Linden Linden NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 12 Dimitri Dimitri NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 14 Lynn Lynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 16 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 18 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 19 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 20 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 21 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1188 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 3 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 4 Flynn Flynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 5 Effect Effect NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 8 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 9 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 10 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1189 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1190 1 Intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1190 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1191 1 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1191 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1191 3 163–9 163–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1191 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 4 Gambino Gambino NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 6 Megan Megan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 9 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 10 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1192 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1193 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1193 2 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1193 3 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1193 4 Smarter smart JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 1193 5 Than than IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1193 6 Your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1193 7 Grandfather grandfather NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1193 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1194 1 Probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1194 2 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1194 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1194 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1195 1 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1195 2 Magazine Magazine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1195 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1196 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1196 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1196 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1196 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1196 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 2 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 3 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 4 Mack Mack NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 6 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 7 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 9 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 10 Opinion Opinion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 11 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 12 1860 1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 14 1941 1941 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 16 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1197 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 6 Dash Dash NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 8 Mike Mike NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 10 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 11 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1198 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 3 Woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 4 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 5 Bested best VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 7 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 9 Math Math NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1199 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1200 1 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1200 2 Magazine Magazine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1200 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1201 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1201 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1201 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1201 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1201 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 6 Aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 9 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 10 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 13 novel novel NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1202 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1203 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1203 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1203 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1204 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1204 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1204 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1204 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1204 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 4 Warner Warner NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 6 Marina Marina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 8 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 9 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 10 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1205 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1206 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1206 2 Evangelists evangelist NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1206 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1206 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1206 5 bard bard NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1206 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1206 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1207 1 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1207 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1208 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1208 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1208 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1209 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1209 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1209 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1209 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1209 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 2 McGillis McGillis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 4 Roderick Roderick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1210 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 2 Children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 6 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 7 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1211 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1212 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1212 2 Bibliographies Bibliographies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1212 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1213 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1213 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1213 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1213 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1213 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1214 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1214 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1214 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1214 4 Juliet Juliet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1214 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1214 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1214 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1215 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1215 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1215 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1215 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1216 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1216 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1216 3 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1216 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1216 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1216 6 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1216 7 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1216 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1217 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1217 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1217 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1217 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1217 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1217 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1218 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1218 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1219 1 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1219 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 2 McCrum McCrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1220 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 2 Tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 4 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 6 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 8 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 9 Lamb Lamb NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 11 1807 1807 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1221 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1222 1 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1222 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1223 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1223 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1223 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1224 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1224 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1224 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1224 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1224 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 4 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 6 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 8 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 9 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 10 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1225 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 2 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 3 retrospect retrospect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 5 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 7 Connexion connexion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 10 Physical Physical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 11 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1226 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1227 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1227 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1228 1 514 514 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1228 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1228 3 432–433 432–433 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1228 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 4 Baraniuk Baraniuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 6 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 8 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 9 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 10 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1229 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 2 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 3 Somerville Somerville NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 5 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 7 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 10 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1230 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1231 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1231 2 Scientist Scientist NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1231 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1232 1 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1232 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1232 3 3132 3132 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1232 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1232 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1232 6 40–1 40–1 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1232 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 2 Strickland Strickland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 4 Elisabetta Elisabetta NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 7 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1233 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 2 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 3 Fairfax Fairfax NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 4 Somerville Somerville NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 6 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 8 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1234 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1235 1 Notices notice NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1235 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1235 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1235 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1235 5 Mathematical Mathematical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1235 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1235 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1236 1 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1236 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1236 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1236 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1236 5 929–31 929–31 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1236 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 2 Arianrhod Arianrhod NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 4 Robyn Robyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1237 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 3 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 4 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 6 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 7 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 8 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 10 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 13 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 14 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1238 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1239 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1239 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1239 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1240 1 Phys.org Phys.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1240 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1241 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1241 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1241 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1241 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1241 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 2 Flanders Flanders NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 4 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1242 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 3 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 6 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 9 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 11 detective detective JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 12 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1243 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1244 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1244 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1244 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1245 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1245 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1245 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1245 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1245 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 2 Sutherland Sutherland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1246 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 2 Sherlock Sherlock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 3 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 6 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 9 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 10 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 11 detective detective NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1247 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1248 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1248 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1248 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1249 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1249 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1249 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1249 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1249 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 3 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 5 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 8 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 10 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 11 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 12 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1250 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1251 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1251 2 Teach Teach NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1251 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1252 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1252 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1252 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1252 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1252 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 2 Woodley Woodley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 4 Menie Menie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 6 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 8 Fernandes Fernandes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 10 Heitor Heitor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 11 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 12 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 14 Figueredo Figueredo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 16 Aurelio Aurelio NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 17 José José NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 19 Meisenberg Meisenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 21 Gerhard Gerhard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 23 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 24 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 25 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1253 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 2 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 5 ye ye PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 6 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 7 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 8 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 10 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 12 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 13 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 14 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 15 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 16 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 18 concurrent concurrent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 19 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 20 enrichment enrichment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 22 vocabulary vocabulary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 23 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 24 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 26 mid mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 27 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1254 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1255 1 Frontiers Frontiers NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1255 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1255 3 Psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1255 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1256 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1256 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 4 Dutton Dutton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 6 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 8 Woodley Woodley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 10 Menie Menie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 12 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 14 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1257 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 5 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 6 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 7 Really really RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 8 Hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 9 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 11 Intelligence Intelligence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 12 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 13 Declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1258 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 2 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 3 Wits wit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 4 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 5 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 7 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 8 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 9 're be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 10 Becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 11 Less Less JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 12 Intelligent intelligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 14 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 15 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 16 Means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 19 Future Future NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1259 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1260 1 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1260 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1260 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1260 4 Imprint Imprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1260 5 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1260 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1261 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1261 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1262 1 131–3 131–3 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1262 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1263 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1263 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1263 3 9781845409852 9781845409852 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1263 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 4 Juliet Juliet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1264 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1265 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1265 2 Melodrama Melodrama NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1265 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1265 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1266 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1266 2 Bibliographies Bibliographies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1266 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1267 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1267 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1267 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1267 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1267 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 2 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 3 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 5 Leisure Leisure NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 7 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 9 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 10 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 12 Rational Rational NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 13 Recreation Recreation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 16 contest contest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 18 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 20 1830–1885 1830–1885 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 22 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 24 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 27 Hazel Hazel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 28 Conway Conway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 30 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 32 parks park NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 35 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 37 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 39 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 40 parks park NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 42 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 44 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 45 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 46 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 48 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 50 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 51 Brenda Brenda NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 52 Assael Assael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 54 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 55 circus circus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 57 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 58 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 60 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 62 Virginia Virginia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 63 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 65 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 67 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 68 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 69 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 70 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 71 Circus Circus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 72 Peep Peep NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 73 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 75 scenes scene NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 76 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1268 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1269 1 Fairsarefun.net Fairsarefun.net NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1269 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1270 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1270 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1270 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1270 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1271 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1272 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1272 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1272 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1272 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1272 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 2 Alison Alison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 3 Winter Winter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 5 Mesmerized mesmerized NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 7 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 9 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 11 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 12 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 14 U u NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 16 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 19 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 21 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 22 Lynn Lynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 23 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 24 Merrill Merrill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 26 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 27 romance romance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 29 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 30 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 31 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 33 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 34 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 35 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 37 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 39 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 40 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 41 Naylor Naylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 43 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 44 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 45 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 48 museum museum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 51 lecture lecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 52 hall hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 53 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 55 spaces space NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 57 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 58 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 60 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 61 Cornwall Cornwall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1273 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 1 Transactions transaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 4 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 6 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 7 Geographers Geographers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 9 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 11 27#4 27#4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 12 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 14 494–513 494–513 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1274 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 1 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 2 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 4 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 8 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 9 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 11 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 12 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 13 Walton Walton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 17 seaside seaside NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 18 resort resort NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1275 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 2 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 3 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 4 1750–1914 1750–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 6 Leicester Leicester NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 10 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 13 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 14 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 15 Baker Baker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 21 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 22 sport sport NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 23 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1276 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 3 Sport Sport NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 5 10.1 10.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 7 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 10 53–66 53–66 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1277 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 1 online online NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 2 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 4 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 8 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 9 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 11 Joe Joe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 12 Maguire Maguire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 15 Images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 17 manliness manliness NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 19 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 20 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 22 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 24 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 25 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 27 Edwardian edwardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 28 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1278 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 7 Sport Sport NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 8 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 10 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 13 265–287 265–287 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1279 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 2 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 3 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 5 Sandiford Sandiford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 7 Cricket Cricket NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 10 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 12 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 13 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 15 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1280 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 3 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 4 Games Games NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 6 Sports Sports NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 8 Tennis Tennis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 10 Cricket Cricket NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 12 Football Football NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 14 Croquet Croquet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 16 Cycling Cycling NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 19 Victorian-Era.org Victorian-Era.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 20 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 21 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 22 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 23 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 24 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 27 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 28 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 29 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 31 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 32 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 33 Paintings Paintings NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1281 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1282 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1282 2 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1282 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1283 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1283 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1283 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1283 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1283 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 2 Reginald Reginald NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 3 Watters Watters NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 6 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 7 Barnes Barnes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 9 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 11 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 12 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 13 1817–1841 1817–1841 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 16 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 17 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 19 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 21 29#9 29#9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 22 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 23 561–68 561–68 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 24 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 25 Trowbridge Trowbridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 26 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 27 Ford Ford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 30 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 31 Coverage coverage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 33 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 35 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 37 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 38 1811–41 1811–41 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 40 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 41 Role role NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 43 Barnes Barnes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 45 Brougham Brougham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 47 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 48 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 51 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 53 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 54 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 56 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 58 59#139 59#139 JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 60 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 61 91–107 91–107 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1284 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 2 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 3 Hankinson Hankinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 5 Man Man NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 7 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 9 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 10 Howard Howard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 11 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 13 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 15 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 18 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 20 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 22 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 23 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 24 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1285 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 1 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 3 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 5 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 6 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 8 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 9 Kensington Kensington NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 10 Museums Museums NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 11 Area Area NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1286 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1287 1 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1287 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1288 1 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1288 2 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1288 3 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1288 4 Sheppard Sheppard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1288 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1289 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1289 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1289 3 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1289 4 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1289 5 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1289 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1289 7 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1289 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1290 1 177–195 177–195 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1290 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1291 1 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1291 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1291 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1291 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1292 1 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1292 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1293 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1293 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1293 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1293 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 2 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 4 Searle Searle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 8 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1294 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 2 Peace Peace NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 4 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 6 1886–1918 1886–1918 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 8 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 9 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 12 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 15 529–70 529–70 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1295 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 2 Hugh Hugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 3 Cunningham Cunningham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 5 Time time NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 7 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 9 leisure leisure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 11 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 12 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 14 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 15 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 16 1700 1700 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 18 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 20 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 21 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 22 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 23 Walton Walton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 27 seaside seaside NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 28 resort resort NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1296 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1297 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1297 2 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1297 3 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1297 4 1750–1914 1750–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1297 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1297 6 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1297 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1297 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1298 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1298 2 Searle Searle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1298 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1298 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1298 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1298 6 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1298 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 2 547–53 547–53 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 5 Malthus Malthus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 8 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 11 Principle Principle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 13 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 15 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 17 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 19 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 20 Kaufmann Kaufmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 22 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 24 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1299 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1300 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1300 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1300 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1300 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1300 5 Sacralization sacralization NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1300 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1300 7 Stealth Stealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1300 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 2 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 3 Consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 5 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 6 Fertility Fertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 8 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1301 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 2 Kaufmann Kaufmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 4 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 6 Wilcox Wilcox NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 8 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 9 Bradford Bradford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1302 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1303 1 Whither whither VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1303 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1303 3 Child child NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1303 4 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1304 1 Causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1304 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1304 3 Consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1304 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1304 5 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1304 6 Fertility Fertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1304 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 1 Boulder Boulder NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 3 Colorado Colorado NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 6 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 8 Paradigm Paradigm NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 9 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1305 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1306 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1306 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1307 1 135–56 135–56 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1307 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 7 61205 61205 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 9 093 093 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1308 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 4 Szreter Szreter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 6 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 8 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1309 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 3 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 5 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 6 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 8 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 10 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 11 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 12 c.1850–1914 c.1850–1914 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 14 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 15 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 16 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 17 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 20 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 22 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 23 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1310 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1311 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1311 2 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1311 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1311 4 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1311 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1312 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1312 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1312 3 1–37 1–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1312 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1313 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1313 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1313 3 shm/1.1.1 shm/1.1.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1313 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1314 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1314 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1314 3 34704101 34704101 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1314 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 2 subscription subscription NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 3 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 6 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 7 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 8 Fogel Fogel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 11 Escape Escape NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 13 Hunger Hunger NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 15 Premature Premature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 16 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 18 1700–2100 1700–2100 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 20 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 22 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 26 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 27 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 29 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 30 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 32 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 34 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 36 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 38 Past Past NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 39 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 42 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 44 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 45 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 46 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 47 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 48 Szreter Szreter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 50 Fertility Fertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 52 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 54 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 56 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 58 1860–1940 1860–1940 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 60 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 61 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 62 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 64 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1315 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1316 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1316 2 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1316 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1316 4 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1316 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1316 6 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1316 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1316 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 2 Woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 4 Place place NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 7 Oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 10 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 12 Class Class NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 13 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 14 1890 1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 16 1940 1940 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1317 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1318 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1318 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1318 3 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1318 4 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1318 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1319 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1319 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1319 3 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1319 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 2 Bradlaw Bradlaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 4 Besant Besant NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 5 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 6 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 7 Fruits fruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 9 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 10 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 15 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 16 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 17 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 18 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1320 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 2 Woodle Woodle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 4 Menie Menie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 6 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1321 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1322 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1322 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-290 1322 3 fragile fragile JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1322 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1322 5 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1322 6 intellect intellect NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1322 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 1 Estimating estimate VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 2 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 4 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 5 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 6 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 8 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 9 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 11 mutation mutation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 12 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1323 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1324 1 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1324 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1324 3 Individual Individual NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1324 4 Differences Differences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1324 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1325 1 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1325 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1325 3 80–84 80–84 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1325 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1326 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1326 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1326 3 j.paid.2014.10.047 j.paid.2014.10.047 XX en-wikipedia-org-290 1326 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 2 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 6 Frame Frame NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 8 Mind Mind NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 13 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 14 Porter Porter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 16 Britannia Britannia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 18 Burden Burden NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 21 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 22 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 24 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 25 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 26 1851–1890 1851–1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 28 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 30 ch ch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 31 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 32 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 34 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 35 Hobsbawn Hobsbawn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 37 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 39 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1327 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 3 Nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 6 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 7 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1328 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 2 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 4 Extremes Extremes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 7 Short Short NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 8 Twentieth Twentieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 9 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 10 1914 1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 11 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 12 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1329 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1330 1 Abacus abacus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1330 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1331 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1331 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1331 3 9780349106717 9780349106717 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1331 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 2 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 5 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 7 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 9 Respectable respectable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 10 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 13 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 14 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 16 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 17 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 19 1830–1900 1830–1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 21 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 23 pP pP NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 24 211–14 211–14 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 25 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 26 Porter Porter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 28 ch ch NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 29 1–3 1–3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 31 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 32 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 33 Hoppen Hoppen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 35 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 36 Mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 37 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 38 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 39 Generation Generation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 41 1846–1886 1846–1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 43 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 46 ch ch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 47 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 49 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 51 9–11 9–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 52 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 53 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 54 Woodward Woodward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 56 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 57 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 59 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 61 1815–1870 1815–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 63 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 64 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1332 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 1 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 3 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 4 629 629 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 7 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 8 Testimony testimony NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 9 Gathered gather VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 11 Ashley Ashley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 13 Mines Mines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 14 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 15 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 16 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 17 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 18 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 21 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 22 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 23 Laura Laura NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 24 Del Del NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 25 Col Col NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 27 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 28 Virginia Virginia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 29 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 30 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 31 Dyos Dyos NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 33 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1333 34 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1334 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1334 2 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1334 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1334 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 3 Speculative Speculative NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 4 Builders Builders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 6 Developers Developers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 8 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 9 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1335 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1336 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1336 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1336 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1337 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1337 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1337 3 641–690 641–690 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1337 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1338 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1338 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1338 3 3825462 3825462 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1338 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 2 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 3 Powell Powell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 6 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 7 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 8 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 9 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 10 1800 1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 12 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 13 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 14 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 16 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 17 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 18 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 20 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1339 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 2 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 3 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 6 Housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 7 landlordism landlordism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 10 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 13 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1340 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 1 Environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 3 Planning plan VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 4 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 5 14.11 14.11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 7 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 10 1437–1447 1437–1447 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1341 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1342 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1342 2 Dyos Dyos NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1342 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1342 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1342 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1343 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1343 2 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1343 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1343 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1344 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1344 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1344 3 Slums slum NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1344 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1344 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1344 6 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1344 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1344 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1345 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1345 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1345 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1346 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1346 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1346 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1346 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1346 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1346 6 5–40 5–40 DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1346 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1347 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1347 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1347 3 3825891 3825891 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1347 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 2 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 4 Wohl Wohl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 7 eternal eternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 8 slum slum NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 10 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 12 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 13 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 15 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 16 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 18 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1348 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 4 Daunton Daunton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 6 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 8 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 11 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 12 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 14 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 15 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 16 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 18 1850–1914 1850–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 20 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1349 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1350 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1350 2 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 1 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 2 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 3 Marriott Marriott NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 5 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 6 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 8 1885–1945 1885–1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 10 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 12 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 14 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 16 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 17 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1351 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 5 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 6 Daniels Daniels NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 8 Poverty Poverty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 10 Families Families NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 13 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 14 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 15 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 16 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 17 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 18 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 21 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 22 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 24 Jane Jane NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 25 Humphries Humphries NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 27 Childhood Childhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 28 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 29 Child Child NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 30 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 32 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 33 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 34 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 35 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 37 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 38 UP up RP en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 40 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1352 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 2 Del Del NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 3 Col Col NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 5 Laura Laura NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 7 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1353 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 3 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 6 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 7 Worker Worker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 9 Ninteenth Ninteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 11 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 13 sic sic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 15 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1354 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1355 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1355 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1355 3 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1355 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 6 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1356 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1357 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1357 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1357 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1357 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1357 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 4 Child Child NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 5 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 6 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 7 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 8 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 9 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 12 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 13 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 14 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 15 Cody Cody NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 17 Hartwick Hartwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 18 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 19 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 20 Baigrie Baigrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 22 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 24 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1358 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 2 Postscript postscript NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 4 Founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 7 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 8 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1359 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1360 1 Electricity Electricity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1360 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1360 3 Magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1360 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1360 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1360 6 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1360 7 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1360 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1361 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1361 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1361 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1361 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1361 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1361 6 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1361 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1361 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1362 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1362 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1363 1 60–1 60–1 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1363 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 5 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 7 33358 33358 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1364 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 2 Mugglestone Mugglestone NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 4 Lynda Lynda NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 6 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1365 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 2 Nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 8 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1366 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1367 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1367 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1367 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1367 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1368 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1368 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1368 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1368 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1368 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 2 Lionel Lionel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 4 Caswell Caswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 5 Rolt Rolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 7 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 8 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 10 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 12 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1369 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 2 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 4 Sussman Sussman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 6 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 7 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 9 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 11 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 15 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 18 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 20 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 22 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 24 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 26 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 27 Arbesman Arbesman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 29 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 31 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 32 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1370 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 2 Quantifying quantify VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 4 Ease Ease NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 6 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 7 Discovery Discovery NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1371 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1372 1 Scientometrics scientometric NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1372 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1373 1 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1373 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1373 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1373 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1373 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1373 6 245–250 245–250 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1373 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 3 s11192 s11192 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 5 010 010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 7 0232 0232 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1374 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1375 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1375 2 Badash Badash NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1375 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1375 4 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1375 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1375 6 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1375 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1375 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 3 completeness completeness NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 5 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 8 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1376 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1377 1 Isis isis VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1377 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1378 1 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1378 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1378 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1378 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1378 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1378 6 48–58 48–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1378 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 5 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 7 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 9 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1379 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 5 Probability probability NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 7 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 10 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 11 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1380 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1381 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1381 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1381 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1381 4 Mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1381 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1381 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1381 7 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1381 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1382 1 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1382 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1382 3 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1382 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1383 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1383 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1384 1 824–30 824–30 ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 1384 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 5 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 7 38700 38700 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1385 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 4 Kline Kline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 6 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 8 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1386 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1387 1 Mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1387 2 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1387 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1387 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1387 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1387 6 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1387 7 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1387 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 6 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1388 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1389 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1389 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1390 1 682–4 682–4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1390 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1390 3 692–6 692–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1390 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 7 506136 506136 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1391 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 4 Stewart Stewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1392 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1393 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1393 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1393 3 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1393 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1393 5 Vector Vector NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1393 6 Calculus Calculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1393 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1393 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 1 Calculus calculus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 3 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 4 Transcendentals transcendental NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 6 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1394 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1395 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1395 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1395 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1395 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1395 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1395 6 Cengage Cengage NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1395 7 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1395 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1396 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1396 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1397 1 1084–5 1084–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1397 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1397 3 1123 1123 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1397 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1397 5 1128 1128 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1397 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 7 538 538 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 9 49790 49790 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1398 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 4 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 6 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 8 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 9 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1399 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 5 Stokes Stokes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 6 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 7 Theorem theorem NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1400 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1401 1 Mathematics Mathematics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1401 2 Magazine Magazine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1401 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1402 1 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1402 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1402 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1402 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1402 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1402 6 146–156 146–156 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1402 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1403 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1403 2 Kline Kline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1403 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1403 4 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1403 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1403 6 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1403 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1403 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 3 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 5 Determinants Determinants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 7 Matrices Matrices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1404 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1405 1 Mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1405 2 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1405 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1405 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1405 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1405 6 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1405 7 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1405 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1406 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1406 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1406 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1406 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 7 506136 506136 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1407 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1408 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1408 2 Kline Kline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1408 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1408 4 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1408 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1408 6 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1408 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1408 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 2 28.7 28.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 4 Systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 6 Partial Partial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 7 Differential Differential NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 8 Equations Equations NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1409 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1410 1 Mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1410 2 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1410 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1410 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1410 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1410 6 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1410 7 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1410 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 6 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1411 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1412 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1412 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1413 1 696–7 696–7 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1413 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 7 506136 506136 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1414 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1415 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1415 2 Hecht Hecht NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1415 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1415 4 Eugene Eugene NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1415 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1415 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1415 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1415 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 2 8.13 8.13 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 5 Mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 6 Description description NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 8 Polarization Polarization NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1416 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1417 1 Optics optic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1417 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1417 3 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1417 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1417 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1417 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1417 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1418 1 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1418 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1419 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1419 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1420 1 379–81 379–81 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1420 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 7 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 9 97722 97722 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1421 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 4 Kline Kline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 6 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 8 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1422 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 3 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 6 Calculus calculus NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 8 Variations Variations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 11 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 12 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1423 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1424 1 Mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1424 2 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1424 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1424 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1424 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1424 6 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1424 7 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1424 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1425 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1425 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1425 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1425 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 7 506136 506136 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1426 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 4 Gribbin Gribbin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1427 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 5 Matrices matrix NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 7 Waves Waves NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1428 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 2 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 4 Schrodinger Schrodinger NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 6 Cat Cat NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 8 Quantum Quantum NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 9 Physics Physics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 11 Reality Reality NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1429 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1430 1 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1430 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1430 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1430 4 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1430 5 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1430 6 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1430 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1431 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1431 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1432 1 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1432 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1432 3 155–6 155–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1432 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 7 552 552 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 9 12555 12555 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1433 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1434 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1434 2 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1434 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1434 4 Goldstein Goldstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1434 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1434 6 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1434 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1434 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 2 10.2 10.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 4 Geometrical Geometrical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 5 Optics Optics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 7 Wave Wave NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 8 Mechanics Mechanics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1435 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1436 1 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1436 2 Mechanics Mechanics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1436 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1436 4 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1436 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1436 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1436 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1436 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1437 1 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1437 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1437 3 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1437 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1438 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1438 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1438 3 489 489 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1438 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 5 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 7 02918 02918 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1439 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 4 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 6 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1440 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 6 Mechanical Mechanical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 7 Equivalent Equivalent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 9 Heat Heat NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1441 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1442 1 Heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1442 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1442 3 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1442 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1442 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1442 6 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1442 7 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1442 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1443 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1443 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1443 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1443 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1443 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1443 6 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1443 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1443 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 9 33332 33332 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1444 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1445 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1445 2 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1445 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1445 4 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1445 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1445 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1445 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1445 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1446 1 Heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1446 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1446 3 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1446 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1446 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1446 6 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1446 7 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1446 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1447 1 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1447 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1447 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1448 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1448 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1449 1 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1449 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1449 3 124–7 124–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1449 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 9 33332 33332 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1450 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1451 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1451 2 Lanczos Lanczos NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1451 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1451 4 Cornelius Cornelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1451 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1451 6 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1451 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1451 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1452 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1452 2 Variational variational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1452 3 Principles Principles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1452 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1452 5 Mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1452 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1453 1 Dover Dover NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1453 2 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1453 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1454 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1454 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1454 3 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1454 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 7 486 486 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 9 65067 65067 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1455 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1456 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1456 2 Goldstein Goldstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1456 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1456 4 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1456 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1456 6 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1456 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1456 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 2 8.3 8.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 4 Routh Routh NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 6 Procedure Procedure NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 8 Oscillations Oscillations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 9 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 10 Steady Steady NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 11 Motion Motion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1457 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1458 1 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1458 2 Mechanics Mechanics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1458 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1458 4 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1458 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1458 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1458 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1458 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1459 1 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1459 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1459 3 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1459 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1460 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1460 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1460 3 356 356 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1460 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 5 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 7 02918 02918 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1461 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 2 Landau Landau NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 4 Lev Lev NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 6 LIfshitz LIfshitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 8 Evgeny Evgeny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 10 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1462 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1463 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1463 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1463 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1463 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1463 5 Routhian Routhian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1463 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1463 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 1 Course course NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 3 Theoretical Theoretical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 4 Physics Physics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 5 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 8 Mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1464 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 3 Sykes Sykes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 5 J.B. J.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 7 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1465 9 J.S. J.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1466 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1466 2 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1466 3 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1466 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1466 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1466 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1467 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1467 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1468 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1468 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1469 1 133–4 133–4 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1469 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 5 7506 7506 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 7 2896 2896 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1470 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 2 Coutinho Coutinho NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 8 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1471 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 2 Whittaker Whittaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 4 analytical analytical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 5 dynamics dynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 8 biography biography NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1472 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1473 1 Archive archive NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1473 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1473 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1473 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1473 5 Exact Exact NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1473 6 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1473 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1474 1 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1474 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1474 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1474 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1474 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1474 6 355–407 355–407 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1474 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 4 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 6 Christoper Christoper NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1475 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 5 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 6 Bodies Bodies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 8 Free Free NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 9 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 12 Absolute Absolute NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 13 Zero Zero NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1476 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1477 1 Heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1477 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1477 3 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1477 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1477 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1477 6 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1477 7 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1477 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1478 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1478 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1478 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1478 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1478 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1478 6 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1478 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1478 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 9 33332 33332 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1479 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 5 Baigrie Baigrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 7 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1480 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 5 Forces Forces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 7 Fields Fields NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1481 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1482 1 Electricity Electricity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1482 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1482 3 Magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1482 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1482 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1482 6 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1482 7 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1482 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1483 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1483 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1483 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1483 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1483 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1483 6 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1483 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1483 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 5 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 7 33358 33358 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1484 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 4 Baigrie Baigrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 6 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1485 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 6 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 8 Electromagnetism Electromagnetism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1486 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1487 1 Electricity Electricity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1487 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1487 3 Magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1487 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1487 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1487 6 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1487 7 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1487 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1488 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1488 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1488 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1488 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1488 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1488 6 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1488 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1488 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 5 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 7 33358 33358 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1489 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 4 Baigrie Baigrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 6 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1490 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1491 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1491 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1491 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1491 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1491 5 Electromagnetic Electromagnetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1491 6 Waves Waves NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1491 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1491 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1492 1 Electricity Electricity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1492 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1492 3 Magnetism magnetism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1492 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1492 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1492 6 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1492 7 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1492 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1493 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1493 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1493 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1493 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1493 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1493 6 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1493 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1493 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 5 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 7 33358 33358 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1494 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 4 Hunt Hunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 6 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 9 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 10 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1495 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 2 Oliver Oliver NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 3 Heaviside Heaviside NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 8 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 9 oddity oddity NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1496 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1497 1 Physics Physics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1497 2 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1497 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1498 1 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1498 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1498 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1498 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1498 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1499 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1499 2 Gribbin Gribbin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1499 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1499 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1499 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1499 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1499 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1499 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1500 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1500 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1500 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1500 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1500 5 Atoms atom NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1500 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1500 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 2 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 4 Schrodinger Schrodinger NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 6 Cat Cat NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 8 Quantum Quantum NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 9 Physics Physics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 11 Reality Reality NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1501 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1502 1 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1502 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1502 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1502 4 Transworld Transworld NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1502 5 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1502 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1503 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1503 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1504 1 45–6 45–6 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1504 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 7 552 552 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 9 12555 12555 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1505 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1506 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1506 2 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1506 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1506 4 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1506 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1506 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1506 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1506 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1507 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1507 2 21.3 21.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1507 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1507 4 Symbolic Symbolic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1507 5 Algebra Algebra NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1507 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1507 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1508 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1508 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1508 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1508 4 Mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1508 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1508 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1508 7 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1508 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1509 1 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1509 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1509 3 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1509 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1510 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1510 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1511 1 738–9 738–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1511 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 5 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 7 38700 38700 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1512 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 5 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 7 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 9 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1513 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1514 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1514 2 25.5 25.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1514 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1514 4 Computers Computers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1514 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1514 6 Applications Applications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1514 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1514 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1515 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1515 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1515 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1515 4 Mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1515 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1515 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1515 7 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1515 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1516 1 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1516 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1516 3 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1516 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1517 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1517 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1518 1 908–13 908–13 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1518 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 5 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 7 38700 38700 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1519 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 2 Tom Tom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 3 Standage Standage NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 6 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 7 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 10 remarkable remarkable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 11 story story NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 14 telegraph telegraph NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 17 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 20 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 21 pioneers pioneer NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 23 Weidenfeld Weidenfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 24 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 25 Nicolson Nicolson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 27 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1520 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 4 Kellett Kellett NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 7 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 9 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 11 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 12 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 14 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 16 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1521 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 2 Jack Jack NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 3 Simmons Simmons NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 5 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 6 Biddle Biddle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 8 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 12 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 13 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 15 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 16 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 17 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 19 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 20 1603 1603 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 23 1990s 1990s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 25 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 26 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1522 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1523 1 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1523 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1523 3 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1523 4 L.T.C. L.T.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 1 Rolt Rolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 5 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 6 Stephenson Stephenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 9 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 10 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 12 1960 1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1524 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 2 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 3 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 4 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 5 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 6 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 7 Jensen Jensen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 9 Gerhard Gerhard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 10 Rosegger Rosegger NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1525 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 3 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 4 Builders Builders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 5 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 7 Lower Lower NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 8 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 10 1856–1869 1856–1869 ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1526 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 1 Slavonic Slavonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 3 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 4 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 5 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 6 46#106 46#106 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 8 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 11 105–128 105–128 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 13 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 14 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 15 Stones Stones NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 17 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 18 railways railway NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 20 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 21 1860–1948 1860–1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 23 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 25 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 26 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 27 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 29 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 30 Brassey Brassey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 32 railway railway NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 33 builder builder NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 35 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1527 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 3 Casson Casson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 8 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 9 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 10 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 12 Enterprise enterprise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 14 Competition Competition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 17 Regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 20 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 21 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 23 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 24 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 26 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1528 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 2 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 4 Joby Joby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 7 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 8 Builders Builders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 10 Lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 12 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 15 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 16 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 17 Contractors Contractors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 19 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 21 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 22 Attwooll Attwooll NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 24 Jolyon Jolyon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 26 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 27 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 28 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1529 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 2 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 3 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 4 Underground Underground NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 5 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 7 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 9 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 11 Jerry Jerry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 12 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 14 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 15 Finchley Finchley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 16 station station NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1530 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1531 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1531 2 Telegraph Telegraph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1531 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1532 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1532 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1532 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1532 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1532 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 2 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 4 Kerr Kerr NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 6 Building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 8 Railways Railways NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 11 Raj Raj NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 13 1850–1900 1850–1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 15 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1533 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 4 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 5 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 6 Wohl Wohl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 8 Endangered Endangered NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 9 lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 11 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 12 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 14 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 15 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 17 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 18 Dent Dent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 20 Sons Sons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 22 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 24 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 26 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 28 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 29 Lister Lister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1534 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1535 1 Web.ukonline.co.uk Web.ukonline.co.uk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1535 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1536 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1536 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1536 3 1912 1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1536 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1537 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1538 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1538 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1538 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1538 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1538 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 3 Dr Dr NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 5 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 6 Morton Morton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 8 1819–68 1819–68 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1539 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1540 1 General-anaesthesia.com general-anaesthesia.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 1540 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1541 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1542 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1542 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1542 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1542 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1542 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 8 chloroform chloroform NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 9 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1543 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1544 1 General-anaesthesia.com general-anaesthesia.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 1544 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1545 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1546 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1546 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1546 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1546 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1546 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1547 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1547 2 Ralph Ralph NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1547 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1547 4 Frerichs Frerichs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1547 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1548 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1548 2 Anesthesia Anesthesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1548 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1548 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1548 5 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1548 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1548 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1549 1 Ph.ucla.edu ph.ucla.edu ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 1549 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 6 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1550 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1551 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1551 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1551 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1551 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1551 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 6 h2g2 h2g2 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 9 Waterloo Waterloo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 10 Teeth Teeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 13 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 15 Dentures denture NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1552 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1553 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1553 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1554 1 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1554 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1554 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1554 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1555 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1556 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1556 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1556 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1556 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1556 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1557 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1557 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1557 3 Waterloo Waterloo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1557 4 Teeth Teeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1557 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1557 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1558 1 Historyhome.co.uk Historyhome.co.uk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1558 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 7 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1559 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1560 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1560 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1560 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1560 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1560 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 2 Harold Harold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 3 Perkin Perkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 6 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 8 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 10 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 12 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 15 280 280 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1561 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 2 Asa Asa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 3 Briggs Briggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 6 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 8 Improvement Improvement NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 10 1783–1867 1783–1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 12 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 15 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1562 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 1 66–74 66–74 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 3 286–87 286–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 5 436 436 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 7 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 8 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 9 Bradley Bradley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 12 Call call NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 14 Seriousness seriousness NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 17 Evangelical Evangelical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 18 Impact Impact NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 21 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 23 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 25 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1563 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 1 106–109 106–109 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 3 Rebecca Rebecca NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 4 Probert Probert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 7 Living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 9 Sin Sin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 12 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 14 Magazine Magazine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 16 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 17 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 20 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 21 Frost Frost NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 23 Living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 25 Sin sin NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 27 Cohabiting cohabit VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 29 Husband Husband NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 31 Wife Wife NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 33 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 35 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 36 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 38 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1564 39 U.P. U.P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 1 2008 2008 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 4 Frederick Frederick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 5 Engels Engels NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1565 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 2 Condition Condition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 5 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 7 Class Class NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 9 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 11 1844 1844 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 15 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1566 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1567 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1567 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1567 3 9783730964859 9783730964859 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1567 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1568 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1568 2 Hamish Hamish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1568 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 1 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 3 Stewart Stewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 6 Convict Convict NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 7 Transportation Transportation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 9 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 11 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 12 1615–1870 1615–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 15 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 16 Compass Compass NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 17 8#11 8#11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 19 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 22 1221–42 1221–42 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1569 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 3 Daunton Daunton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 5 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 7 Poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 9 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 10 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 12 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 15 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 16 1700–1850 1700–1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 18 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 20 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 21 491 491 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1570 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1571 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1571 2 Lionel Lionel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1571 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1571 4 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1571 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1571 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1571 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1571 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1572 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1572 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1572 3 Prison Prison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1572 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1572 5 Borstal Borstal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1572 6 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1572 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1573 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1573 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1573 3 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1573 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1574 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1574 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1574 3 9780415177382 9780415177382 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1574 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 2 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 4 Checkland Checkland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 7 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 9 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 10 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 12 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 14 1815–1885 1815–1885 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 16 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 18 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 19 277 277 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1575 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 2 Hamish Hamish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 3 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 5 Stewart Stewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 8 Transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 10 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 12 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 13 1615–1870 1615–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 16 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 17 Compass Compass NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 18 8#11 8#11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 20 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 23 1221–42 1221–42 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1576 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1577 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1577 2 R.C.K. R.C.K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1578 1 Ensor ensor NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1578 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1579 1 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1579 2 1870–1914 1870–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1579 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1579 4 1937 1937 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1579 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1579 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1579 7 520–21 520–21 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1579 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 2 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 4 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 8 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 10 Prison prison NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 13 1934 1934 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1580 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 6 Acton Acton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 8 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 10 1857 1857 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1581 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 1 Prostitution Prostitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 2 Considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 5 Moral Moral NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 7 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 10 Sanitary Sanitary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 11 Aspects Aspects NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 13 Reprint Reprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 16 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 17 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 20 biographical biographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 21 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 22 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1582 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 3 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 4 Cass Cass NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 6 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 7 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1583 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 5 7146 7146 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 7 2414 2414 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1584 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 6 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 7 Walkowitz Walkowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 9 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 11 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1585 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1586 1 Prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1586 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1586 3 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1586 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1586 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1587 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1587 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1587 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1587 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 4 Flanders Flanders NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 6 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1588 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1589 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1589 2 Prostitution Prostitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1589 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1589 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1590 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1590 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1590 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 6 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1591 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 5 Hamilton Hamilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 7 Margaret Margaret NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 9 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1592 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 2 Opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 5 Contagious contagious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 6 Diseases Diseases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 7 Acts act VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 8 1864–1886 1864–1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1593 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1594 1 Albion albion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1594 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1595 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1595 2 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1595 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1595 4 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1595 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1595 6 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1595 7 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1595 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1596 1 Vol.10 Vol.10 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1596 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1596 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-290 1596 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1597 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1597 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1597 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1597 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1597 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1597 6 14–27 14–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1597 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1598 1 doi:10.2307/4048453 doi:10.2307/4048453 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1598 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1599 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1599 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1599 3 4048453 4048453 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1599 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1600 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1600 2 Butler Butler NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1600 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1600 4 Josephine Josephine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1600 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1600 6 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1600 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1600 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 1 Personal Personal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 2 Reminiscences Reminiscences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 5 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 6 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 8 Hyperion Hyperion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 9 Reprint Reprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1601 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1602 1 Westport Westport NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1602 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1602 3 Connecticut Connecticut NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1602 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1602 5 Hyperion Hyperion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1602 6 Reprint Reprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1602 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1602 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 5 88355 88355 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 7 257 257 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1603 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1604 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1604 2 Nield Nield NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1604 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1604 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1604 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1604 6 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1604 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1604 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1605 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1605 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1605 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1605 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 1 Prostitution prostitution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 4 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 5 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 7 Debates debate NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 10 Issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 11 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 12 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 13 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 14 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 15 Journals Journals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1606 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1607 1 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1607 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1607 3 Gregg Gregg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1607 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1607 5 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1607 6 Limited Limited NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1607 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1608 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1608 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1608 3 0576532517 0576532517 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1608 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 10 Swisher Swisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 12 Clarice Clarice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 14 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1609 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1610 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1610 2 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1610 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 1 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 2 Diego Diego NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 4 Greenhaven Greenhaven NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 7 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1611 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 1 248–250 248–250 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 3 Vallely vallely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 5 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 7 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 8 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1612 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 2 1841 1841 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 5 window window NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 7 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 8 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1613 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1614 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1614 2 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1614 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1615 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1615 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1616 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1617 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1617 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1617 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1617 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1617 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1618 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1618 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1618 3 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1618 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1618 5 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1618 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1618 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1619 1 Iln.org.uk Iln.org.uk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1619 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 6 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1620 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1621 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1621 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1621 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1621 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1621 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 2 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 3 Gold Gold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 4 Rush Rush NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 5 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 7 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 11 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 12 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1622 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1623 1 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1623 2 Whaples Whaples NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1623 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1623 4 Wake Wake NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1623 5 Forest Forest NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1623 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1623 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1624 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1624 2 Farwell Farwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1624 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1624 4 Byron Byron NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1624 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1624 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1624 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1624 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1625 1 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1625 2 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1625 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1625 4 Little Little NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1625 5 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1625 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1626 1 Pen Pen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1626 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1626 3 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1626 4 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1626 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1627 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1627 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1627 3 9781848840157 9781848840157 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1627 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 3 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 5 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 6 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 8 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 9 Clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 10 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 11 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 12 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1628 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1629 1 Fabians.org.uk Fabians.org.uk NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1629 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1630 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1631 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1631 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1631 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1631 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1631 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1632 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1632 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1632 3 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1632 4 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1632 5 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1632 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1632 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1633 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1634 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1634 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1634 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1634 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1634 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 2 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 3 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 4 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 6 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 7 Eli Eli NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1635 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 4 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 5 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 7 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 8 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1636 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 4 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 5 essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 8 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 9 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 11 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 13 experts expert NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 14 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 16 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1637 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 1 Leisure leisure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 3 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 6 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 8 Rational rational JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 9 recreation recreation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 12 contest contest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 14 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 16 1830–1885 1830–1885 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 18 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 20 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1638 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1639 1 Bourne Bourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1639 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1639 3 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1639 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 2 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 3 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 6 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 8 1830 1830 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 10 1902 1902 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 12 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 14 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 16 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 17 plus plus CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 18 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 19 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 20 Briggs Briggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 22 Asa Asa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1640 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 2 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 4 Improvement Improvement NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 5 1783–1867 1783–1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 7 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 10 Wide wide RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 12 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 13 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 14 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 15 emphasizing emphasize VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 17 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1641 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1642 1 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1642 2 Cevasco Cevasco NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1642 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1642 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1642 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1642 6 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1642 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 2 1890s 1890s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 5 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 7 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 8 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 10 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 13 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 15 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 17 736pp 736pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 19 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 20 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 22 experts expert NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 23 Chadwick Chadwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 25 Owen Owen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1643 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 2 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 3 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 5 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 6 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 7 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 10 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 12 denominations denomination NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 13 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 14 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 16 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 17 Kitson Kitson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 19 making making NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 21 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 22 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 24 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1644 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 1 online online NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 2 Ensor Ensor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 6 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 7 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 9 1870–1914 1870–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 11 1936 1936 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 13 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49856 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49856 ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 14 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 16 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 17 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 18 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 19 Gregg Gregg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 21 Pauline Pauline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1645 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 2 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 4 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 7 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 9 1760–1950 1760–1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 11 1950 1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 13 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 14 Harrison Harrison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1646 16 J.F.C. J.F.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 1 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 3 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 4 1875–1901 1875–1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1647 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1648 1 Heffer heffer VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1648 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1648 3 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1648 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 1 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 2 Minds mind NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 5 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 8 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 10 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 11 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 13 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 16 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 18 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1649 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1650 1 Heffer heffer VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1650 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1650 3 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1650 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 2 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 4 Decadence Decadence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 7 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 9 1914 1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 11 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 14 wide wide RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 16 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 17 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 18 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1651 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 1 Heilmann Heilmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 3 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 6 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 7 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 9 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-290 1652 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 1 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 3 Victorianism Victorianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 6 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 9 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 11 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 12 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 14 1999–2009 1999–2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 16 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 17 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 19 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 21 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 22 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 23 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 24 looks look VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 26 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 27 literary literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 28 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 29 cinematic cinematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 31 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 34 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 35 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 37 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 38 magic magic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 40 sexuality sexuality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 42 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 43 parks park NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 47 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 48 Hilton Hilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 50 Boyd Boyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1653 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 2 Mad mad JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 4 Bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 7 Dangerous dangerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 8 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1654 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 2 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 3 1783–1846 1783–1846 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 6 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 9 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1655 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 1 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 3 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 6 depth depth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 7 scholarly scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 8 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 10 784pp 784pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1656 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1657 1 Hobsbawm Hobsbawm NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1657 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1657 3 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1657 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1657 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1657 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1657 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1658 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1658 2 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1658 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1658 4 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1658 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1658 6 1848–1875 1848–1875 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1658 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1659 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1659 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1659 3 Abacus Abacus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1659 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1660 1 McCord McCord NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1660 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1660 3 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1660 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1660 5 Bill Bill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1660 6 Purdue Purdue NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1660 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1661 1 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1661 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1661 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1661 4 1815–1914 1815–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1661 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1661 6 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1661 7 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1661 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 4 612 612 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 5 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 6 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 8 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 9 textbook textbook NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 10 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 12 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1662 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 3 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 6 1904 1904 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 8 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 10 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 11 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 13 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 14 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 15 Perkin Perkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 17 Harold Harold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1663 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 2 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 8 1780–1880 1780–1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 10 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 12 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 13 Hoppen Hoppen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 15 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 16 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1664 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 2 Mid Mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 3 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 4 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 5 Generation Generation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 6 1846–1886 1846–1886 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 9 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 10 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 12 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 15 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 18 comprehensive comprehensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 19 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 20 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 21 excerpt excerpt NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 23 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 24 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 25 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 27 Clayton Clayton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 29 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 30 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 31 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1665 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 6 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 9 1688 1688 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 12 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 14 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 16 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 17 textbook textbook NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 19 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 20 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 21 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 22 Somervell Somervell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 24 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 25 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 27 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 30 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 33 1929 1929 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 35 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 36 Steinbach Steinbach NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 38 Susie Susie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 39 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 40 Understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 42 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 44 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 46 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 48 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 50 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 52 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 53 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 55 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 57 excerpt excerpt NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 59 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 60 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 61 Swisher Swisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 63 Clarice Clarice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 65 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1666 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 2 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 7 excerpts excerpt NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 9 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 10 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 12 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 13 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 14 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 15 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 17 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 19 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 21 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 24 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 25 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1667 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 1 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 2 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 3 Daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 4 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 6 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 7 Flanders Flanders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 9 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1668 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 1 Inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 3 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 4 Home home NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 7 Portrait Portrait NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 9 Domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 10 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 12 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 13 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1669 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1670 1 W.W. W.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1670 2 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1670 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1670 4 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1670 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1670 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1670 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 5 393 393 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 7 05209 05209 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1671 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1672 1 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1672 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1672 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1672 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1672 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1672 6 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1672 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1672 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1673 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1673 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1673 3 frame frame NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1673 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1673 5 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1673 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1673 7 1830–1870 1830–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1673 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1674 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1674 2 Haven Haven NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1674 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1674 4 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1674 5 Univ Univ NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1674 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1675 1 Press press NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1675 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 7 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 9 00122 00122 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1676 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1677 1 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1677 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1677 3 Sally Sally NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1677 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1678 1 Daily Daily NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1678 2 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1678 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1678 4 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1678 5 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1678 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1679 1 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1679 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1679 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1679 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1679 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 5 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 7 29467 29467 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1680 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1681 1 O'Gorman O'Gorman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1681 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1681 3 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1681 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1681 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1681 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 3 companion companion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 6 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 10 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 12 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 13 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 15 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1682 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 1 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 2 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 4 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 7 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 8 glossary glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 10 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1683 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 1 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 3 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 5 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 6 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 8 Respectable respectable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 9 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 12 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 13 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 15 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 16 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 18 1830–1900 1830–1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 20 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 22 Strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 24 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 26 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 28 childhood childhood NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 30 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 33 play play VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1684 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1685 1 Weiler Weiler NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1685 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1685 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1685 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 3 Liberalism Liberalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 5 Liberal liberal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 6 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 7 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 9 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 10 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 12 1889–1914 1889–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 14 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 16 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1686 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1687 1 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1687 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1687 3 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1687 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1687 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1687 6 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1687 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1688 1 Arrow Arrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1688 2 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1688 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1688 4 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1688 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 5 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 7 945186 945186 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 10 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 12 Gerard Gerard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 13 Mackworth Mackworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 15 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1689 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 2 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 4 1830 1830 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 6 1865 1865 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 9 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 10 1934 1934 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 12 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 13 surveys survey NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 15 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 16 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1690 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 1 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 3 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 5 Altick Altick NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 7 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 8 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1691 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 1 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 2 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 4 Ideas Ideas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 7 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 10 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 11 Reader Reader NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 13 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 14 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1692 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 2 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 4 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 5 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 6 Felluga Felluga NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 8 Dino Dino NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 9 Franco Franco NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 11 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 12 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1693 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 2 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 4 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 5 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1694 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1695 1 Flint Flint NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1695 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1695 3 Kay Kay NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1695 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 6 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1696 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1697 1 Horsman Horsman NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1697 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1697 3 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1697 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 2 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 3 Novel Novel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 9 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 11 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 13 Politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 14 Aydelotte Aydelotte NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 16 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1698 17 O. O. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 1 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 2 Parties Parties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 4 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 7 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 8 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 10 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 11 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 13 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 14 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 16 5#2 5#2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 17 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1699 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1700 1 95–114 95–114 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1700 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1701 1 online online NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1701 2 Bourne Bourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1701 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1701 4 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1701 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 2 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 3 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 6 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 8 1830–1902 1830–1902 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 10 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 11 UP UP NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 13 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 16 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 18 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 19 narrative narrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 20 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 22 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 24 Selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 25 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 28 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 29 195–504 195–504 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1702 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 1 Boyd Boyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 3 Kelly Kelly NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 5 Rohan Rohan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 6 McWilliam McWilliam NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 8 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-290 1703 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 2 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 3 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 4 Reader Reader NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 8 467pp 467pp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 10 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 12 excerpts excerpt NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 14 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 15 excerpts excerpt NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 17 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 18 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 19 Bright Bright NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 21 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 22 Franck Franck NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1704 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1705 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1705 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1705 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1705 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1705 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 1 Period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 4 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 6 Democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 8 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 9 1837–1880 1837–1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 11 1902 1902 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 13 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 14 608pp 608pp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 16 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 17 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 18 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 19 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 20 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 21 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 22 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 24 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 26 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 27 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 28 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 29 Reaction Reaction NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 31 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 33 1880‒1901 1880‒1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 35 1904 1904 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 37 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 38 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 40 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 41 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 43 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 44 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 46 Accession Accession NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 48 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 49 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 50 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 51 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 52 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 54 1953 1953 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 56 3#5 3#5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 57 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 58 329–338 329–338 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 59 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1706 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 1 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 5 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 6 Crowcroft Crowcroft NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 9 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 10 Pentland Pentland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 12 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-290 1707 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 3 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 5 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 6 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 7 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 10 1800–2000 1800–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 12 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 14 excerpt excerpt NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 15 Burton Burton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 17 Antoinette Antoinette NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 19 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1708 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 1 Politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 3 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 9 Reader reader NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1709 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1710 1 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1710 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1710 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1710 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1710 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 5 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 7 29335 29335 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 10 Marriott Marriott NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1711 12 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 1 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 2 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 5 Waterloo Waterloo NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 7 1913 1913 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 10 focus focus VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 12 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 14 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 15 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 16 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 17 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 19 Howard Howard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 21 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 24 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 25 Century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 27 Challenging Challenging NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 28 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 29 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 31 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 33 409pp 409pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 35 textbook textbook NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 37 emphasizing emphasize VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 38 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 40 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 42 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 44 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 45 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 46 Trevelyan Trevelyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 48 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 49 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 50 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 51 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 54 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 55 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 57 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 59 1782–1901 1782–1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 62 1922 1922 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1712 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 1 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 2 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 3 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 4 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 5 scholarly scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 6 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 7 Walpole Walpole NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 9 Spencer Spencer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1713 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 7 Conclusion Conclusion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 11 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 13 1815 1815 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 15 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 16 vol vol NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1714 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 1 1878–86 1878–86 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 4 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 5 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 6 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 7 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 8 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 10 1855 1855 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 12 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 13 Walpole Walpole NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 15 Spencer Spencer NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1715 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 3 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 5 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 6 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 9 vol vol NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1716 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 1 1904–1908 1904–1908 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 3 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 4 1856–1880 1856–1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 6 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 7 Woodward Woodward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 9 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 10 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 12 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 14 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 16 1815–1870 1815–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 18 1954 1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 20 comprehensive comprehensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 21 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 22 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 23 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 25 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 26 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 28 Mid Mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 29 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 30 Victorianism Victorianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 32 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 33 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 35 1951 1951 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 37 1#1 1#1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 38 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 39 11–17 11–17 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 41 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1717 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1718 1 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1718 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1718 3 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1718 4 Auerbach Auerbach NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1718 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1718 6 Sascha Sascha NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1718 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 2 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 3 Beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 5 pale pale NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 7 mercy mercy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 10 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 11 penal penal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 12 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 14 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 15 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 16 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 20 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 22 probation probation NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 24 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1719 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 1 Law law NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 5 33.3 33.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 10 621–663 621–663 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1720 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1721 1 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1721 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1721 3 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1721 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 1 Policing policing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 3 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 5 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 7 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1722 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1723 1 Churchill Churchill NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1723 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1723 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1723 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 1 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 2 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 4 Everyday Everyday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 5 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 8 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 9 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 11 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 12 UP UP NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 14 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 16 Emsley Emsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 18 Clive Clive NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1724 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 1 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 3 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 5 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 7 1750–1900 1750–1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1725 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1726 1 Emsley Emsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1726 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1726 3 Clive Clive NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1726 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1727 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1727 2 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1727 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1727 4 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1727 5 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1727 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1727 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1727 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 2 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 3 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 8 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 9 + + NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 10 Emsley Emsley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 12 Clive Clive NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1728 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 3 Police Police NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 6 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 8 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 9 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 11 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 12 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1729 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 1 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 4 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 7 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 8 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 9 Bobby Bobby NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 12 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 14 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 15 Policing Policing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 18 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 19 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 22 Present present NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 24 2010)excerpt 2010)excerpt CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 25 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 27 Lionel Lionel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 28 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 30 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1730 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1731 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1731 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1731 3 Prison Prison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1731 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1731 5 Borstal Borstal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1731 6 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1731 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1732 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1732 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1732 3 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1732 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1733 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1733 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1733 3 9780415177382 9780415177382 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1733 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 1 Gatrell Gatrell NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 3 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 4 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 7 Crime Crime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 9 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 12 policeman policeman NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1734 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1735 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1735 2 E.M.L. E.M.L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 1 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 3 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 4 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 7 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 8 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 9 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 11 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 12 1750 1750 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 13 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 14 1950 1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 16 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 17 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 19 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1736 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1737 1 3:243 3:243 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1737 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1737 3 310 310 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1737 4 Hay Hay NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1737 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1737 6 Douglas Douglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1737 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 2 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 4 justice justice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 6 eighteenth eighteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 9 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 12 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1738 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 1 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 3 Justice justice NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 6 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 9 45–84 45–84 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1739 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1740 1 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1740 2 Kilday Kilday NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1740 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1740 4 Anne Anne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1740 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1740 6 Marie Marie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1740 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1741 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1741 2 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1741 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1741 4 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1741 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1741 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1742 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1742 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1742 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1742 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1742 5 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1742 6 1700–1850 1700–1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1742 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1742 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 1 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 2 Barker Barker NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 4 Elaine Elaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 5 Chalus Chalus NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 8 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 10 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1743 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1744 1 186–205 186–205 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1744 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1745 1 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1745 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1745 3 Margaret Margaret NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1745 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 2 Innocence innocence NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 4 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 7 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 10 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 12 juvenile juvenile NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 13 delinquency delinquency NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 16 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 18 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1746 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 3 17.1 17.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 5 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 8 7–29 7–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1747 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1748 1 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1748 2 Radzinowicz Radzinowicz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1748 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1748 4 Leon Leon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1748 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 5 Criminal Criminal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 6 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 8 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 9 Administration Administration NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 11 1750 1750 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 13 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 14 vol vol NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1749 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 1 1948–1976 1948–1976 LS en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 3 Radzinowicz Radzinowicz NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 5 Leon Leon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 7 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 8 Hood Hood NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 10 Emergence Emergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 12 Penal Penal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 13 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 15 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 17 Edwardian Edwardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 18 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 20 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 22 Shore Shore NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 24 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1750 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 3 Idea Idea NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 5 Juvenile Juvenile NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 6 Crime Crime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 8 19Th 19th CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 9 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 10 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1751 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 2 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 3 50.6 50.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 8 21–27 21–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1752 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1753 1 Shore shore NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1753 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1753 3 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1753 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1754 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1754 2 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1754 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1754 4 policing policing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1754 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1754 6 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1754 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1754 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 2 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 3 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 6 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 9 companion companion NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 11 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 14 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 16 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 19 381–395 381–395 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1755 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 1 excerpt excerpt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 2 Storch Storch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 5 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 7 Crime Crime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 8 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 9 Justice Justice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 11 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 13 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 14 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1756 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 2 Today Today NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 3 vol vol VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 4 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 6 Sep Sep NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 7 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 10 32–37 32–37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1757 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1758 1 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1758 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1758 3 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1758 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 2 White white JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 4 collar collar NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 5 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 10 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 13 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1759 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 1 Business business NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 6 60#3 60#3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 7 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 8 343–360 343–360 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1760 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1761 1 Tobias Tobias NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1761 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1761 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1761 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 1 Crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 3 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 7 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 8 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 10 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1762 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 1 Tobias Tobias NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 3 J.J. J.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 4 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 6 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 9 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 11 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 13 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 15 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 17 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 18 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1763 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1764 1 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1764 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1764 3 Howard Howard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1764 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 2 Rationing ration VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 3 crime crime NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 6 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 7 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 9 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 10 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 11 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 13 1850s 1850s CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1765 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 1 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 2 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 3 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 7 51#3 51#3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 8 569–590 569–590 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1766 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1767 1 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1767 2 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1767 3 Burton Burton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1767 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1767 5 Antoinette Antoinette NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1767 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 5 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 6 Experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 8 Syllabi Syllabi NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1768 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 3 54.2 54.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 8 305–311 305–311 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1769 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 1 Elton Elton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 5 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 6 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 8 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 10 1485–1945 1485–1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 13 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 14 Bibliography Bibliography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 15 1945–1969 1945–1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 17 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 20 annotated annotate VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 21 guide guide RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 23 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 24 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 25 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 27 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 28 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 29 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 31 plus plus CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 32 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 33 reviews review NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 35 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 36 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 37 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1770 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 1 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 2 Gooch Gooch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 4 Brison Brison NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 5 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 6 Recent Recent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 7 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 9 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 10 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 12 Little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 13 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 15 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 16 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 18 17#2 17#2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 20 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 23 217–224 217–224 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 24 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1771 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 1 Goodlad Goodlad NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 3 Lauren Lauren NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 5 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 7 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 9 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 10 Class Class NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 11 Cut Cut NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 13 Two Two NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 14 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 16 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 18 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 19 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 20 Character Character NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1772 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1773 1 ELH ELH NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1773 2 67.1 67.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1773 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1773 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1773 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1773 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1773 7 143–178 143–178 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1773 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 1 Homans Homans NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 3 Margaret Margaret NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 6 Adrienne Adrienne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 7 Munich Munich NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 9 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-290 1774 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 1 Remaking Remaking NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 2 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 3 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 9 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 11 Kent Kent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 13 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1775 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 3 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 4 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 6 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 7 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 8 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 10 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 11 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 12 Foucault foucault JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 14 postmodern postmodern NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1776 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1777 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1777 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1777 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1777 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1777 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1777 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1777 7 97–133 97–133 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1777 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1778 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1778 2 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1778 3 Mays Mays NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1778 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1778 5 Kelly Kelly NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1778 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 2 Looking look VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 3 backward backward RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 5 looking look VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 6 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 9 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 12 rear rear JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 14 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 15 mirror mirror NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 17 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 18 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1779 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 3 53.3 53.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 8 445–456 445–456 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1780 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 1 Moore Moore NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 3 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 6 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 7 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 10 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 11 Past past NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 13 1820 1820 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 15 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 19 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 20 Schlatter Schlatter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 22 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 23 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 25 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 26 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 28 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 29 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 31 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 33 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 34 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 35 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 36 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 38 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 39 UP UP NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 41 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 44 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 45 255 255 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 46 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 47 298 298 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 48 Parry Parry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 50 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 51 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 52 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 53 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 54 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 56 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 57 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 58 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1781 60 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1782 1 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1782 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1782 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1782 4 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1782 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1782 6 26#2 26#2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1782 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1782 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 1 469–484 469–484 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 2 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 3 Sandiford Sandiford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 5 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 6 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 7 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 10 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 12 play play NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 14 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 16 historiographical historiographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 17 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1783 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 3 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 6 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 9 271–288 271–288 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1784 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1785 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1785 2 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1785 3 Stansky Stansky NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1785 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1785 5 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1785 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 2 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 5 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 7 1914 1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 11 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 12 Schlatter Schlatter NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 15 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 17 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 18 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 20 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 21 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 23 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 25 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 26 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 27 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 28 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 30 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 31 UP UP NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 33 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 36 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1786 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1787 1 299 299 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1787 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1787 3 326 326 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1787 4 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1787 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1787 6 Miles Miles NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1787 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1788 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1788 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1788 3 Bicentenary Bicentenary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1788 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1788 5 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1788 6 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1788 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1788 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 3 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 5 59.1 59.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 7 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 10 121–135 121–135 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1789 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1790 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.245 https://doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.245 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1790 2 Vernon Vernon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1790 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1790 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1790 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 2 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 6 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 7 Question Question NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1791 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 1 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 2 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 3 47.2 47.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 8 272–79 272–79 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 9 Webb Webb NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 11 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 12 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 13 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 14 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 18 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 22 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 24 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 26 online online NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 27 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 28 recommended recommend VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 29 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 30 textbook textbook NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 31 Primary Primary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 32 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 33 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1792 35 E.C. E.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1793 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1793 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 1 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 2 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 5 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 8 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 10 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 11 Bourne Bourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 13 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1794 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 2 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 3 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 6 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 8 1830–1902 1830–1902 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 10 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 11 UP UP NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 13 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1795 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 2 195–504 195–504 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 4 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 5 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 6 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 7 Hicks Hicks NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 9 Geoff Geoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 11 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 12 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1796 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1797 1 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-290 1797 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 1 Documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 3 Conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 4 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 5 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 7 1852–1878 1852–1878 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 12 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 13 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 14 excerpt excerpt VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 15 Temperley Temperley NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 17 Harold Harold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1798 19 L.M. L.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1799 1 Penson Penson NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1799 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1799 3 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1799 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 1 Foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 3 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 4 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 5 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 8 Pitt Pitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 10 1792 1792 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 13 Salisbury Salisbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 15 1902 1902 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 18 1938 1938 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 21 608pp 608pp JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 23 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 24 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 25 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 26 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 27 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 28 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 30 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 31 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 33 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 34 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 35 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 36 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 37 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 38 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 39 exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 41 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 42 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1800 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1801 1 Victorians.co.uk Victorians.co.uk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1801 2 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1801 3 Era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1801 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1801 5 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1801 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 1 Mostly-Victorian.com mostly-victorian.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 3 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 5 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 7 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 8 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 9 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 11 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 12 periodicals periodical NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1802 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 2 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 5 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 6 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 8 Twilight Twilight NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 9 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 10 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 11 exploration exploration NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 13 vagrancy vagrancy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 15 streetwalkers streetwalker NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 17 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 18 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 19 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 20 Victorians Victorians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 21 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 22 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 23 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 24 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 25 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 27 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 28 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 30 featuring feature VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 31 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 32 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 34 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 36 Liza Liza NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 37 Picard Picard NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1803 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 1 Timelines timeline NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 3 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 5 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 8 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 9 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 10 interactive interactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 11 Notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 12 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 13 Scientists Scientists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 15 Inventors Inventors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 16 Collection Collection NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 19 Victorian Victorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 20 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 24 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 26 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 27 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 29 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 31 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 32 Happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 33 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 35 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 36 Era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 37 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-290 1804 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 1 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 4 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 5 Museums Museums NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 6 Greenwich Greenwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 7 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 8 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 9 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 11 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 13 articles article VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 14 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 15 Chronology Chronology NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 16 Formation Formation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 17 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 18 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 19 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 20 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 21 Edwardian edwardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 22 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 23 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 24 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 25 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 26 Interwar Interwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 27 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 28 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 29 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 30 Civilian Civilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 31 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 32 Postwar Postwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 33 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 34 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 35 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 36 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 37 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 38 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 39 By By NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 40 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 41 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 42 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 43 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 44 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 45 1814–1919 1814–1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 46 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 47 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 48 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 49 Administrative Administrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 50 Counties Counties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 53 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 54 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 55 Countries Countries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 58 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 59 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 60 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 61 dependencies dependency NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 62 Overseas Overseas NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 63 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 64 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 65 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 66 Towns Towns NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 67 Former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 68 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 69 Physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 70 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 71 Isles Isles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 72 terminology terminology VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 73 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 74 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 75 Coastline Coastline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 76 Geology Geology NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 77 Lakes Lakes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 79 lochs loch VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 80 Mountains Mountains NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 81 Rivers Rivers NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 82 Volcanoes Volcanoes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 83 Resources Resources NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 84 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 85 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 86 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 87 Renewable renewable JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 88 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 89 Biodiesel Biodiesel NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 90 Coal Coal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 91 Geothermal Geothermal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 92 Hydraulic Hydraulic NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 93 frac frac NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1805 94 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1 Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 2 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 3 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 4 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 5 oil oil NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 6 Solar Solar NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 7 Wind Wind NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 8 Fishing Fishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 10 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 11 Hunting Hunting NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 12 Materials Materials NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 13 Flora Flora NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 14 Forestry Forestry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 15 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 16 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 17 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 18 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 19 Devolution Devolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 20 Elections Elections NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 21 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 22 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 23 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 24 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 25 Judiciary Judiciary NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 26 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 27 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 28 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 29 Legislation Legislation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 30 Monarchy Monarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 31 monarchs monarchs NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 32 Nationality Nationality NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 33 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 34 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 36 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 37 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 39 Lords Lords NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 40 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 41 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 42 Shadow Shadow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 43 Cabinet Cabinet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 44 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 45 Cabinet Cabinet NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 46 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 47 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 48 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 49 Departments Departments NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 50 Ministers Ministers NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 51 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 52 Prime Prime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 53 Minister Minister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 54 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 55 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 56 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 57 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 58 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 59 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 60 Air Air NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 61 Force Force NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 62 Weapons Weapons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 64 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 65 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 66 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 67 Banks Banks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 68 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 70 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 71 Budget Budget NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 72 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 73 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 74 Manufacturing Manufacturing NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 75 Pound Pound NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 77 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 79 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 80 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 81 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 82 Stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 83 Exchanges Exchanges NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 84 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 85 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 86 Exchange Exchange NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 87 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 88 Taxation Taxation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 89 Telecommunications Telecommunications NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 90 Tourism Tourism NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 91 Transport Transport NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 92 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 93 Rail Rail NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 94 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 95 Affordability Affordability NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 96 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 97 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 98 Crime Crime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 99 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 100 Drug Drug NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 101 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 102 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 103 Ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 104 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 105 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 106 Immigration Immigration NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 107 Innovation Innovation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 108 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 109 Poverty Poverty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 110 Prostitution Prostitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 111 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 112 holidays holiday VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 113 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 114 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 115 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 116 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 117 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 118 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 119 Cinema Cinema NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 120 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 121 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 122 icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 123 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 124 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 125 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 126 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 127 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 128 Sport Sport NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 129 Symbols Symbols NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 130 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 131 Stereotypes Stereotypes NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 132 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 133 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 134 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 135 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 136 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 137 Sites Sites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 138 Anglosphere Anglosphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 139 Countries Countries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 140 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 141 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 142 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 143 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 144 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 145 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 146 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 147 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 148 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 149 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 150 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 151 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 152 tourism tourism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 153 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 154 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 155 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 156 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 157 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 158 Symbols Symbols NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 159 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 160 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 161 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 162 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 163 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 164 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 165 Executive Executive NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 166 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 167 Minister Minister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 168 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 169 deputy deputy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 170 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 171 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 172 tourism tourism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 173 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 174 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 175 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 176 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 177 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 178 Symbols Symbols NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 179 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 180 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 181 timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 182 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 183 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 184 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 185 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 186 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 187 Minister Minister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 188 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 189 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 190 tourism tourism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 191 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 192 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 193 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 194 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 195 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 196 Symbols Symbols NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 197 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 198 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 199 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 200 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 201 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 202 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 203 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 204 Minister Minister NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 205 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 206 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 207 tourism tourism NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 208 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 209 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 210 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 211 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 212 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 213 Symbols Symbols NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 214 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 215 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 216 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 217 Portal Portal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 218 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 219 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 220 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 221 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 222 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 223 Events Events NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 224 Coronation Coronation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 225 Honours Honours NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 226 Hackpen Hackpen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 227 White white JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 228 Horse Horse NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 229 Wedding Wedding NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 230 Wedding wedding NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 231 dress dress NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 232 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 233 Jubilee Jubilee NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 234 Honours Honours NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 235 Medal Medal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 236 Police Police NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 237 Medal Medal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 238 Clock Clock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 239 Tower Tower NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 240 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 241 Weymouth Weymouth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 242 Clock Clock NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 243 Tower Tower NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 244 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 245 Brighton Brighton NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 246 Bust Bust NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 247 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 248 Jubilee Jubilee NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 249 Honours Honours NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 250 Medal Medal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 251 Reign Reign NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 252 Bedchamber Bedchamber NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 253 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 254 Prime Prime NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 255 Ministers Ministers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 256 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 257 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 258 Empress Empress NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 259 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 260 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 261 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 262 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 263 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 264 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 265 Visits visit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 266 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 267 Manchester manchester JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 268 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 269 visits visit NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 270 Funeral Funeral NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 271 Mausoleum Mausoleum NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 272 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 273 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 274 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 275 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 276 Consort Consort NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 277 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 278 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 279 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 280 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 281 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 282 Princess Princess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 283 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 284 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 285 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 286 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 287 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 288 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 289 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 290 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 291 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 292 Princess Princess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 293 Alice Alice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 294 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 295 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 296 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 297 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 298 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 299 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 300 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 301 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 302 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 303 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 304 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 305 Saxe Saxe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 306 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 307 Coburg Coburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 308 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 309 Gotha Gotha NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 310 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 311 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 312 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 313 Princess Princess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 314 Helena Helena NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 315 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 316 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 317 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 318 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 319 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 320 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 321 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 322 Princess Princess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 323 Louise Louise NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 324 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 325 Duchess Duchess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 326 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 327 Argyll Argyll NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 328 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 329 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 330 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 331 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 332 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 333 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 334 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 335 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 336 Connaught Connaught NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 337 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 338 Strathearn Strathearn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 339 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 340 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 341 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 342 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 343 Leopold Leopold NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 344 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 345 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 346 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 347 Albany Albany NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 348 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 349 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 350 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 351 Princess Princess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 352 Beatrice Beatrice NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 353 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 354 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 355 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 356 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 357 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 358 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 359 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 360 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 361 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 362 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 363 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 364 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 365 Kent Kent NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 366 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 367 Strathearn Strathearn NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 368 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 369 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 370 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 371 Princess Princess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 372 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 373 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 374 Saxe Saxe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 375 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 376 Coburg Coburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 377 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 378 Saalfeld Saalfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 379 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 380 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 381 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 382 Grandchildren Grandchildren NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 383 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 384 descendants descendant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 385 Princess Princess NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 386 Feodora Feodora NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 387 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 388 Leiningen Leiningen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 389 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 390 half half JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 391 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 392 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 393 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 394 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 395 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 396 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 397 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 398 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 399 Leiningen Leiningen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 400 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 401 half half JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 402 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 403 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 404 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 405 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 406 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 407 Kensington Kensington NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 408 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 409 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 410 Conroy Conroy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 411 Victoire Victoire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 412 Conroy Conroy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 413 Louise Louise NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 414 Lehzen Lehzen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 415 Lady Lady NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 416 Flora Flora NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 417 Hastings Hastings NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 418 Charlotte Charlotte NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 419 Percy Percy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 420 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 421 Davys Davys NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 422 Legitimacy Legitimacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 423 Honours Honours NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 424 Places Places NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 425 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 426 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 427 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 428 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 429 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 430 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 431 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 432 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 433 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 434 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 435 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 436 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 437 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 438 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 439 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 440 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 441 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 442 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 443 Depictions Depictions NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 444 Film Film NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 445 Sixty Sixty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 446 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 447 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 448 Queen queen NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 449 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 450 1913 1913 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 451 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 452 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 453 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 454 Dover Dover NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 455 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 456 1936 1936 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 457 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 458 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 459 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 460 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 461 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 462 1937 1937 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 463 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 464 Sixty Sixty NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 465 Glorious Glorious NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 466 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 467 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 468 1938 1938 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 469 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 470 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 471 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 472 Dover Dover NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 473 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 474 1954 1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 475 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 476 Mrs Mrs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 477 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 478 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 479 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 480 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 481 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 482 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 483 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 484 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 485 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 486 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 487 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 488 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 489 Abdul Abdul NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 490 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 491 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 492 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 493 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 494 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 495 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 496 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 497 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 498 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 499 Dolittle dolittle NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 500 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 501 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 502 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 503 Television television NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 504 Happy happy JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 505 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 506 Glorious glorious JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 507 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 508 1952 1952 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 509 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 510 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 511 Regina Regina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 512 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 513 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 514 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 515 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 516 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 517 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 518 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 519 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 520 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 521 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 522 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 523 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 524 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 525 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 526 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 527 Looking look VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 528 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 529 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 530 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 531 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 532 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 533 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 534 Upstairs Upstairs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 535 Downstairs Downstairs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 536 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 537 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 538 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 539 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 540 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 541 2016–2019 2016–2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 542 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 543 Stage Stage NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 544 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 545 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 546 Merrie Merrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 547 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 548 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 549 1897 1897 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 550 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 551 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 552 Regina Regina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 553 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 554 1934 1934 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 555 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 556 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 557 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 558 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 559 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 560 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 561 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 562 Statues Statues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 563 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 564 Memorials Memorials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 565 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 566 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 567 statues statue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 568 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 569 Memorial Memorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 570 Statue Statue NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 571 Square Square NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 572 Leeds Leeds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 573 St St NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 574 Helens Helens NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 575 Lancaster Lancaster NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 576 Bristol Bristol NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 577 Weymouth Weymouth NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 578 Chester Chester NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 579 Reading Reading NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 580 Liverpool Liverpool NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 581 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 582 Birkenhead Birkenhead NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 583 Dundee Dundee NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 584 Balmoral balmoral JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 585 cairns cairn VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 586 Guernsey Guernsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 587 Isle Isle NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 588 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 589 Man Man NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 590 Valletta Valletta NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 591 Statue Statue NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 592 Gate Gate NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 593 Winnipeg Winnipeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 594 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 595 Square Square NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 596 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 597 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 598 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 599 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 600 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 601 Regina Regina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 602 Bangalore Bangalore NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 603 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 604 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 605 Kolkata Kolkata NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 606 Visakhapatnam Visakhapatnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 607 Penang Penang NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 608 Sydney Sydney NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 609 Building Building NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 610 Square Square NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 611 Adelaide Adelaide NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 612 Brisbane Brisbane NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 613 Melbourne Melbourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 614 Christchurch Christchurch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 615 Poetry Poetry NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 616 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 617 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 618 Widow Widow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 619 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 620 Windsor Windsor NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 621 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 622 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 623 1892 1892 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 624 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 625 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 626 Recessional Recessional NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 627 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 628 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 629 1897 1897 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 630 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 631 Songs Songs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 632 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 633 Choral Choral NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 634 Songs Songs NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 635 Stamps Stamps NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 636 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 637 Penny Penny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 638 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 639 VR VR NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 640 official official NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 641 Penny Penny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 642 Blue Blue NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 643 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 644 penny penny NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 645 blue blue JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 646 Penny Penny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 647 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 648 Embossed Embossed NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 649 stamps stamp NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 650 Halfpenny Halfpenny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 651 Rose Rose NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 652 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 653 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 654 Halfpence Halfpence NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 655 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 656 Penny Penny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 657 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 658 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 659 Penny Penny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 660 Lilac Lilac NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 661 Lilac Lilac NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 662 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 663 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 664 Issue Issue NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 665 Jubilee Jubilee NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 666 Issue Issue NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 667 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 668 Chalon Chalon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 669 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 670 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 671 12d 12d CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 672 black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 673 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 674 2c 2c NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 675 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 676 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 677 Ceylon Ceylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 678 Dull Dull NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 679 Rose Rose NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 680 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 681 Inverted Inverted NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 682 Head Head NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 683 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 684 annas annas NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 685 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 686 Halfpenny Halfpenny NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 687 Yellow Yellow NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 688 Mauritius Mauritius NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 689 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 690 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 691 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 692 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 693 stamps stamp VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 694 Related Related NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 695 Osborne Osborne NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 696 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 697 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 698 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 699 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 700 journals journal NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 701 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 702 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 703 Abdul Abdul NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 704 Karim Karim NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 705 Pets Pets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 706 Dash Dash NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 707 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 708 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 709 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 710 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 711 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 712 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 713 7503447 7503447 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 714 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 715 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 716 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 717 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 718 sh85056823 sh85056823 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 719 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 720 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 721 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 722 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victorian_era&oldid=996490376 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victorian_era&oldid=996490376 NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 723 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 724 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 725 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 726 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 727 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 728 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 729 eras era NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 730 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 731 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 732 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 733 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 734 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 735 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 736 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 737 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 738 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 739 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 740 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 741 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 742 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 743 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 744 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 745 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 746 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 747 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 748 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 749 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 750 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 751 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 752 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 753 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 754 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 755 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 756 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 757 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 758 archives archive NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 759 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 760 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 761 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 762 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 763 Pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 764 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 765 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 766 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 767 subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 768 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 769 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 770 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 771 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 772 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 773 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 774 – – : en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 775 Gregorian gregorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 776 uncertainty uncertainty NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 777 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 778 : : : en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 779 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 780 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 781 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 782 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 783 indefinitely indefinitely RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 784 semi semi RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 785 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 786 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 787 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 788 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 789 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 790 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 791 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 792 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 793 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 794 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 795 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 796 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 797 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 798 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 799 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 800 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 801 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 802 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 803 dmy dmy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 804 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 805 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 806 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 807 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 808 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 809 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 810 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 811 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 812 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 813 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 814 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 815 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 816 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 817 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 818 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 819 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 820 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 821 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 822 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 823 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 824 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 825 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 826 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 827 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 828 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 829 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 830 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 831 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 832 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 833 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 834 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 835 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 836 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 837 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 838 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 839 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 840 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 841 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 842 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 843 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 844 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 845 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 846 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 847 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 848 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 849 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 850 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 851 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 852 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 853 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 854 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 855 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 856 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 857 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 858 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 859 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 860 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 861 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 862 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 863 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 864 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 865 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 866 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 867 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 868 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 869 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 870 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 871 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 872 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 873 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 874 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 875 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 876 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 877 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 878 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 879 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 880 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 881 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 882 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 883 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 884 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 885 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 886 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 887 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 888 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 889 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 890 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 891 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 892 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 893 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 894 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 895 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 896 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 897 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 898 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 899 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 900 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 901 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 902 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 903 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 904 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 905 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 906 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 907 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 908 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 909 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 910 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 911 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 912 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 913 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 914 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 915 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 916 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 917 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 918 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 919 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 920 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 921 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 922 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 923 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 924 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 925 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 926 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 927 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 928 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 929 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 930 Bân bân NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 931 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 932 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 933 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 934 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 935 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 936 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 937 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 938 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 939 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 940 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 941 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 942 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 943 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 944 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 945 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 946 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 947 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 948 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 949 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 950 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 951 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 952 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 953 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 954 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 955 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 956 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 957 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 958 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 959 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 960 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 961 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 962 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 963 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 964 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 965 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 966 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 967 日本語 日本語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 968 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 969 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 970 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 971 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 972 پنجابی پنجابی NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 973 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 974 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 975 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 976 Русиньскый Русиньскый NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 977 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 978 සිංහල සිංහල NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 979 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 980 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 981 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 982 کوردی کوردی VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 983 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 984 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 985 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 986 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 987 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 988 српскохрватски српскохрватски NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 989 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 990 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 991 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 992 ไทย ไทย NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 993 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 994 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 995 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 996 吴语 吴语 UH en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 997 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 998 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 999 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1000 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1001 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1002 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1003 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1004 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1005 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1006 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1007 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1008 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1009 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1010 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1011 22:36 22:36 CD en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1012   _SP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1013 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1014 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1015 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-290 1806 1016 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-290 1807 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1808 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1809 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-290 1810 13 statement statement NN