id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 1 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 3 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 5 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 6 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 9 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 10 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 13 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 14 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 15 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 17 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 18 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 20 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 21 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 22 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 25 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 28 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 30 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 32 sieges siege NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 35 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 37 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 38 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 40 sieges siege NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 42 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 1 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 1 Fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 3 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 4 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 7 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 9 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 10 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 12 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 13 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 15 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 17 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 18 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 22 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 25 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 26 miniature miniature NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 28 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 29 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 30 Tavernier Tavernier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 31 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 32 1455 1455 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 2 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 1 Date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 5 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 7 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 9 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 10 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 12 Location location NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 15 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 17 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 18 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 20 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 21 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 22 01′00″N 01′00″n CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 23 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 24 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 25 58′37″E 58′37″E NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 26 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 27 41.0167 41.0167 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 28 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 29 N n CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 30 28.9769 28.9769 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 31 ° ° NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 32 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 33 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 34 41.0167 41.0167 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 36 28.9769Coordinates 28.9769coordinates CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 38 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 39 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 40 01′00″N 01′00″n CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 41 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 42 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 43 58′37″E 58′37″E NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 44 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 45 41.0167 41.0167 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 46 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 47 N n CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 48 28.9769 28.9769 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 49 ° ° NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 50 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 51 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 52 41.0167 41.0167 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 53 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 54 28.9769 28.9769 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 55 Result Result NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 56 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 57 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 58 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 61 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 62 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 63 Territorial Territorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 64 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 65 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 66 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 67 annexes annexe NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 69 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 70 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 71 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 72 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 73 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 74 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 75 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 76 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 77 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 78 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 79 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 80 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 81 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 82 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 83 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 84 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 85 rump rump JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 86 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 88 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 89 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 90 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 91 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 92 1460 1460 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 93 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 94 1461 1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 95 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 96 Belligerents Belligerents NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 97 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 98 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 99 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 100 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 101   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 102 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 103 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 104 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 105   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 106 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 107 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 108 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 109   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 110 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 111 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 112 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 113 Papal Papal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 114 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 115 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 116 defectors defector NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 117 Commanders commander NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 118 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 119 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 120 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 121 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 122 Çandarlı Çandarlı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 123 Halil Halil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 124     _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 125 Zagan Zagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 126 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 127 Suleiman Suleiman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 128 Baltoghlu Baltoghlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 129   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 131 WIA WIA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 132 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 133 Karaca Karaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 134 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 135 Hamza Hamza NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 136 Bey Bey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 137 Konstantinos Konstantinos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 138 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 139   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 140 † † VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 141 Loukas Loukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 142 Notaras Notaras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 143     _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 144 Theophilos Theophilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 145 Palaiologos palaiologo VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 146   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 147 † † RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 148 Giovanni Giovanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 149 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 150   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 151 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 152 DOW DOW NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 153 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 154 Gabriele Gabriele NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 155 Trevisano Trevisano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 156   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 157 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 158 POW POW NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 159 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 160 Cardinal Cardinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 161 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 162   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 163 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 164 POW POW NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 165 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 166 Orhan Orhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 167 Çelebi Çelebi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 168     _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 169 Don Don NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 170 Francisco Francisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 171 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 172 Toledo Toledo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 173   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 174 † † `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 175 Strength Strength NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 176 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 177 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 178 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 179 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 180 50,000–80,000[note 50,000–80,000[note CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 181 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 182 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 183 5,000–10,000 5,000–10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 184 Janissaries Janissaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 185 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 186 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 187 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 188 bombards bombard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 189 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 190 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 191 transports transport VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 192 Naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 193 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 194 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 195 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 196 Galleys galley NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 197 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 198 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 199 row row NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 200 boats boat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 201 Byzantines Byzantines NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 202 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 203 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 204 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 205 7,000–10,000 7,000–10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 206 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 207 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 208 defectors[1 defectors[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 209 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 210 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 211 Papal Papal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 212 archers[2 archers[2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 213 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 214 Naval Naval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 215 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 216 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 217 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 218 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 219 Casualties Casualties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 220 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 221 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 222 Unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 223 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 224 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 225 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 226 4,000 4,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 227 killed[3 killed[3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 228 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 229 30,000 30,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 230 enslaved[4][5 enslaved[4][5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 231 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 232 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 233 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 234 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 235 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 236 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 237 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 238 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 239 Kulaca kulaca NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 240 Hisar Hisar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 241 Bapheus Bapheus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 242 Dimbos Dimbos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 243 Catalan Catalan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 244 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 245 Bursa Bursa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 246 Pelekanon Pelekanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 247 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 248 Nicomedia Nicomedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 249 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 250 Gallipoli Gallipoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 251 2nd 2nd NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 252 Gallipoli Gallipoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 253 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 254 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 255 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 256 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 257 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 258 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 259 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 260 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 261 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 262 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 263 2nd 2nd NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 264 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 265 4th 4th NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 266 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 267 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 268 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 269 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 270 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 271 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 272 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 273 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 274 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 275 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 276 Ἅλωσις Ἅλωσις NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 277 τῆς τῆς NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 278 Κωνσταντινουπόλεως Κωνσταντινουπόλεως NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 279 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 280 romanized romanize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 281 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 282   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 283 Hálōsis Hálōsis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 284 tē̂s tē̂s NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 285 Kōnstantinoupóleōs Kōnstantinoupóleōs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 286 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 287 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 288 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 289 İstanbul'un İstanbul'un NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 290 Fethi Fethi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 291 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 292 lit light VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 3 293 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 1 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 2 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 4 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 5 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 9 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 12 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 15 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 18 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 4 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 2 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 3 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 5 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 7 1453,[6 1453,[6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 10 culmination culmination NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 13 53-day 53-day CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 14 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 17 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 19 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 21 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 5 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 2 attacking attack VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 3 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 4 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 7 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 8 outnumbered outnumber VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 9 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 11 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 14 commanded command VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 17 21-year 21-year CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 19 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 20 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 21 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 22 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 24 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 25 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 28 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 32 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 34 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 35 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 37 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 39 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 40 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 41 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 42 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 6 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 2 conquering conquer VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 4 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 6 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 7 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 8 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 9 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 11 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 12 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 13 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 15 replacing replace VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 16 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 7 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 2 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 5 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 7 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 10 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 14 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 16 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 19 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 25 dated date VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 26 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 28 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 29 BC BC NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 31 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 32 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 33 1,500 1,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 34 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 8 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 5 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 12 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 14 divide divide NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 18 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 19 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 22 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 24 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 26 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 27 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 28 invade invade VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 29 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 30 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 32 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 33 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 35 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 36 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 38 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 41 Balkan Balkan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 42 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 9 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 2 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 7 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 10 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 11 Empire[8 Empire[8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 15 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 16 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 19 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 20 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 21 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 24 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 25 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 27 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 30 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 31 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 10 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 5 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 7 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 9 stood stand VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 12 turning turning NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 13 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 15 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 16 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 11 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 2 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 3 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 5 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 7 castles castle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 9 depended depend VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 10 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 11 ramparts rampart NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 13 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 15 repel repel VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 16 invaders invader NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 12 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 3 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 5 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 6 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 8 overcome overcome VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 13 gunpowder gunpowder NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 15 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 18 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 20 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 21 cannons cannon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 23 bombards bombard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 13 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 4 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 6 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 9 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 12 Preparations Preparations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 13 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 14 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 15 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 16 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 17 Strength Strength NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 18 2.2.1 2.2.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 19 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 20 dispositions disposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 22 strategies strategy NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 23 2.2.2 2.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 24 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 25 dispositions disposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 27 strategies strategy NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 28 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 29 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 30 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 31 Final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 32 assault assault NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 33 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 34 Plundering Plundering NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 35 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 36 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 37 Aftermath aftermath NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 38 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 39 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 40 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 41 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 42 Impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 43 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 45 Churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 46 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 47 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 48 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 49 Prophecies prophecy NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 50 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 51 Legends Legends NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 52 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 53 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 54 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 55 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 56 Impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 57 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 59 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 60 5.5 5.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 61 Renaming renaming NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 64 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 65 5.6 5.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 66 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 67 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 68 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 69 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 70 Primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 71 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 72 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 73 Eyewitness eyewitness NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 74 accounts account VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 75 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 76 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 77 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 78 eyewitness eyewitness JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 79 accounts account VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 80 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 81 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 82 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 83 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 84 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 85 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 86 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 87 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 88 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 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14 111 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 112 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 14 113 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 3 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 4 eleven eleven CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 5 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 8 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 11 besieged besiege VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 13 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 16 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 17 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 18 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 19 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 15 22 Sack Sack 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while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 16 remainder remainder NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 19 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 21 splintered splinter VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 24 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 26 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 27 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 29 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 30 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 32 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 34 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 16 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 2 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 4 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 5 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 7 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 8 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 12 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 13 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 14 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 17 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 18 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 17 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 18 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 18 2 Nicaeans Nicaeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 18 3 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 18 4 reconquered reconquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 18 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 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have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 10 shrunk shrink VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 13 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 14 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 15 kilometers kilometer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 16 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 18 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 21 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 24 Princes Princes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 25 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 26 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 29 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 31 Marmara Marmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 34 Peloponnese Peloponnese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 36 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 37 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 38 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 39 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 40 Mystras Mystras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 22 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 4 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 7 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 8 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 9 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 11 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 14 aftermath aftermath NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 17 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 18 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 22 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 25 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 28 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 31 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 32 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 23 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 1 Preparations[edit preparations[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 3 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 4 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 6 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 8 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 10 1451 1451 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 14 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 15 nineteen nineteen CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 16 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 17 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 24 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 2 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 3 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 4 assumed assume VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 7 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 8 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 9 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 12 seriously seriously RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 13 challenge challenge VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 14 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 15 hegemony hegemony NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 18 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 21 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 25 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 5 calculation calculation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 7 boosted boost VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 9 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 11 friendly friendly JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 12 overtures overture NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 15 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 16 envoys envoy NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 20 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 26 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 2 11]:373 11]:373 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 3 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 4 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 6 mild mild JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 10 matched match VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 13 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 27 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 3 1452 1452 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 5 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 6 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 9 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 12 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 13 fortress fortress NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 15 Rumeli Rumeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 16 hisarı hisarı NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 20 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 21 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 24 Bosphorus,[17 bosphorus,[17 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 26 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 27 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 28 north north RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 30 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 28 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 3 fortress fortress NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 4 sat sit VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 5 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 6 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 8 strait strait NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 11 Anadolu Anadolu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 12 Hisarı Hisarı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 13 fortress fortress NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 15 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 17 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 19 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 21 grandfather grandfather NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 22 Bayezid Bayezid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 29 23 I. i. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 2 pair pair NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 4 fortresses fortress NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 5 ensured ensure VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 6 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 7 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 9 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 10 traffic traffic NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 13 Bosphorus[11]:373 Bosphorus[11]:373 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 15 defended defend VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 16 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 17 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 20 Genoese genoese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 21 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 24 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 25 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 26 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 29 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 30 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 6 fortress fortress NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 8 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 9 Boğazkesen Boğazkesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 12 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 14 strait strait JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 16 blocker blocker NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 20 throat throat NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 22 cutter cutter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 31 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 2 wordplay wordplay NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 3 emphasizes emphasize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 5 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 6 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 9 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 10 boğaz boğaz NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 11 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 12 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 14 strait strait JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 18 throat throat NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 32 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 3 1452 1452 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 5 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 6 ordered order VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 7 Turakhan Turakhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 8 Beg Beg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 10 station station VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 12 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 13 garrison garrison NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 14 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 17 Peloponnese Peloponnese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 19 block block VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 20 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 22 Demetrios Demetrios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 24 despotes despote NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 26 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 27 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 30 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 31 aid aid NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 34 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 35 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 36 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 37 Palaiologos palaiologo VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 38 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 40 impending impending JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 41 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 43 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 33 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 5 Karaca Karaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 6 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 9 beylerbeyi beylerbeyi NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 11 Rumelia Rumelia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 13 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 14 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 16 prepare prepare VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 18 roads road NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 20 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 22 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 23 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 25 bridges bridge NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 26 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 27 cope cope VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 29 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 30 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 34 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 1 Fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 2 carpenters carpenter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 4 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 5 artisans artisan NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 7 strengthened strengthen VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 9 roads road NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 11 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 35 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 5 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 6 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 7 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 8 Critobulus Critobulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 9 quotes quote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 10 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 13 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 16 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 17 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 19 siege:[19]:23 siege:[19]:23 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 20 My -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 21 friends friend NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 23 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 25 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 26 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 36 27 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 1 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 3 know know VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 4 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 5 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 7 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 8 forefathers forefather NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 9 secured secure VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 11 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 13 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 14 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 15 hold hold VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 18 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 21 struggles struggle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 23 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 24 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 25 dangers danger NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 29 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 30 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 31 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 32 along along RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 34 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 37 fathers father NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 40 father father NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 42 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 44 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 45 handed hand VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 46 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 47 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 49 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 37 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 5 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 7 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 9 sharers sharer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 14 exploits exploit NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 15 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 16 through through RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 20 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 22 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 24 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 28 maturer maturer NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 29 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 30 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 33 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 35 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 36 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 37 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 39 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 40 deeds deed NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 42 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 43 fathers father NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 38 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 5 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 6 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 7 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 8 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 10 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 12 sort sort NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 16 forgotten forget VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 19 lapse lapse NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 21 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 39 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 1 Still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 4 eyewitness eyewitness NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 6 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 9 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 10 testifies testifie NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 11 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 13 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 15 hearing hearing NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 17 deeds deed NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 19 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 21 yesterday yesterday NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 24 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 25 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 40 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 2 support[edit support[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 4 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 5 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 6 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 7 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 8 swiftly swiftly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 9 understood understand VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 10 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 12 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 13 intentions intention NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 15 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 17 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 18 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 20 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 23 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 25 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 27 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 29 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 31 enmity enmity NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 32 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 34 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 36 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 37 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 38 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 40 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 41 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 41 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 3 mutual mutual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 4 excommunications excommunication NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 6 1054 1054 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 9 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 13 committed committed JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 15 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 16 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 19 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 20 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 42 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 2 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 4 agreed agree VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 7 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 8 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 9 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 10 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 11 Palaiologos palaiologo VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 13 1274 1274 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 17 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 18 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 20 Lyon Lyon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 23 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 26 Palaiologoi Palaiologoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 27 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 28 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 29 since since RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 30 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 31 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 32 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 34 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 35 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 43 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 1 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 3 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 4 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 7 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 8 negotiated negotiate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 9 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 11 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 12 Eugene Eugene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 13 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 17 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 19 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 21 1439 1439 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 22 proclaiming proclaim VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 24 Bull Bull NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 26 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 44 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 2 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 3 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 5 impose impose VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 6 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 8 met meet VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 10 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 11 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 45 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 2 propaganda propaganda NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 3 initiative initiative NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 5 stimulated stimulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 7 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 9 unionist unionist JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 10 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 11 partisans partisan NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 16 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 22 laity laity NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 24 leadership leadership NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 27 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 28 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 30 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 31 bitterly bitterly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 32 divided divided JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 46 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 1 Latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 2 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 3 hatred hatred NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 5 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 7 Italians Italians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 9 stemming stem VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 12 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 15 Massacre Massacre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 18 Latins Latins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 20 1182 1182 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 23 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 26 Sack Sack NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 28 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 30 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 33 Latins Latins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 35 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 37 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 38 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 47 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 1 Ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 4 attempted attempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 5 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 7 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 9 west west NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 10 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 12 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 13 annoying annoying JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 14 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 15 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 16 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 19 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 22 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 23 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 48 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 7 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 10 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 49 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 1 Thessaloniki Thessaloniki NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 3 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 6 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 8 1430 1430 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 50 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 3 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 6 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 9 Propontis Propontis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 10 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 11 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 12 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 13 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 14 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 15 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 18 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 21 map map NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 51 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 3 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 5 1452 1452 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 8 Rumelı Rumelı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 9 Hisari Hisari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 11 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 14 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 17 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 19 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 20 imminent imminent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 22 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 23 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 26 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 28 promising promise VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 30 implement implement VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 32 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 35 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 36 declared declare VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 37 valid valid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 40 half half RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 42 hearted hearted JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 43 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 44 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 45 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 46 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 47 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 48 1452 1452 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 52 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 2 11]:373 11]:373 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 3 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 6 eager eager JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 9 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 11 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 12 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 13 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 14 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 18 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 20 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 21 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 22 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 24 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 26 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 27 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 29 princes prince NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 31 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 33 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 35 wary wary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 37 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 38 papal papal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 39 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 53 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 1 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 4 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 5 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 6 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 10 wherewithal wherewithal NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 12 contribute contribute VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 15 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 17 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 19 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 22 weakened weakened JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 25 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 27 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 30 Hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 31 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 32 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 33 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 35 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 36 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 37 involvement involvement NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 40 Reconquista Reconquista NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 43 internecine internecine NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 44 fighting fighting NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 47 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 48 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 49 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 52 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 54 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 55 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 56 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 57 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 59 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 61 Varna Varna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 63 1444 1444 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 54 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 3 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 4 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 5 arrive arrive VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 8 mercantile mercantile JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 9 city city NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 11 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 13 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 14 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 17 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 18 contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 21 adequate adequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 23 counterbalance counterbalance VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 24 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 25 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 55 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 2 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 3 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 7 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 9 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 10 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 12 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 15 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 16 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 56 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 1 Cardinal Cardinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 2 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 4 funded fund VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 7 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 9 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 11 1452 1452 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 13 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 14 archers archer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 57 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 5 accomplished accomplished JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 6 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 8 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 10 Giovanni Giovanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 11 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 13 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 15 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 16 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 18 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 19 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 21 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 23 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 24 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 26 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 27 Chios Chios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 58 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 2 21]:83–84 21]:83–84 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 3 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 5 specialist specialist NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 7 defending defend VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 8 walled walled JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 9 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 11 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 13 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 14 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 16 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 17 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 20 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 23 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 24 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 27 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 59 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 1 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 7 captains captain NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 10 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 11 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 13 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 16 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 19 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 20 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 21 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 23 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 26 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 28 barring bar VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 29 contrary contrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 30 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 32 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 35 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 36 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 37 undertook undertake VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 39 send send VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 40 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 41 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 42 laden laden JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 44 provisions provision NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 46 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 47 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 48 sail sail NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 49 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 51 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 53 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 60 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 2 21]:81 21]:81 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 3 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 6 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 8 deliberations deliberation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 10 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 11 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 12 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 14 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 16 assistance assistance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 18 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 19 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 20 lend lend VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 22 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 61 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 2 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 3 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 4 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 5 sending send VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 7 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 9 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 10 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 14 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 16 departure departure NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 18 delayed delay VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 19 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 22 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 25 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 26 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 27 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 29 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 31 assist assist VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 33 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 62 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 2 22][page 22][page CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 4 needed][21]:85 needed][21]:85 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 5 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 6 undermining undermine VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 7 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 8 morale morale NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 10 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 11 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 12 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 14 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 15 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 16 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 18 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 19 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 20 sworn swear VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 22 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 23 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 25 slipped slip VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 26 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 29 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 31 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 32 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 33 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 34 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 63 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 6 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 8 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 10 appease appease VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 12 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 14 gifts gift NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 15 ended end VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 18 execution execution NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 21 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 23 ambassadors ambassador NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 64 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 2 11]:373[23][24][25][26][27][28 11]:373[23][24][25][26][27][28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 4 Restored restore VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 5 Walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 9 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 11 closed close VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 12 off off IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 14 entrance entrance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 17 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 18 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 20 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 22 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 24 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 27 İstanbul İstanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 28 Archaeology Archaeology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 29 Museums Museums NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 65 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 1 Fearing fear VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 3 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 4 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 5 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 6 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 8 shores shore NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 11 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 12 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 14 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 15 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 16 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 17 ordered order VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 20 defensive defensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 21 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 23 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 26 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 29 harbour harbour NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 66 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 2 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 4 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 5 floated float VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 7 logs logs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 10 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 11 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 13 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 14 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 15 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 16 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 18 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 20 harbour harbour NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 67 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 2 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 8 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 10 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 12 hope hope NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 14 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 16 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 17 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 19 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 20 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 22 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 23 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 68 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 2 22]:380 22]:380 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 3 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 4 strategy strategy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 6 enforced enforce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 7 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 9 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 12 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 15 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 16 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 17 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 18 circumvented circumvent VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 19 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 21 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 22 defences defence NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 24 breaching breach VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 26 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 27 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 28 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 69 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 2 strategy strategy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 3 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 6 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 9 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 11 fortification fortification NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 14 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 15 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 17 Theodosian Theodosian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 18 Walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 70 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 1 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 2 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 3 deemed deem VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 5 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 7 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 10 Blachernae Blachernae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 11 district district NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 13 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 16 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 17 fortified fortified JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 18 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 19 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 20 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 23 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 24 protruded protrude VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 25 northwards northward NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 71 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 2 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 3 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 4 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 7 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 9 ft ft FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 11 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 13 m m NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 15 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 16 moat moat NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 17 fronting front VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 18 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 20 outer outer JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 21 crenellated crenellate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 22 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 23 studded stud VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 25 towers tower NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 26 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 27 45–55 45–55 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 28 metres metre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 72 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 4 Strength[edit strength[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 6 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 11 dispositions disposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 14 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 17 besiegers besieger NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 19 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 20 defending defend VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 21 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 23 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 24 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 26 totalling total VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 27 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 28 7,000 7,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 29 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 31 2,000 2,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 33 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 35 foreigners foreigner NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 73 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 5 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 7 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 10 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 12 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 13 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 15 50,000 50,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 16 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 18 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 19 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 21 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 23 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 25 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 28 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 29 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 74 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 2 30]:32 30]:32 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 3 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 4 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 7 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 8 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 9 Dorgano Dorgano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 15 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 18 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 22 guarding guard VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 23 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 26 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 29 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 32 seaward seaward NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 33 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 36 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 38 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 39 pay pay NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 75 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 2 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 3 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 4 loyal loyal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 7 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 9 perished perish VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 12 ensuing ensue VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 13 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 76 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 2 defending defend VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 3 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 5 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 6 corps corp NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 8 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 9 trained trained JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 11 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 15 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 18 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 19 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 21 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 22 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 24 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 26 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 27 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 29 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 30 civilians civilian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 32 sailors sailor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 34 volunteer volunteer NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 35 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 37 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 38 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 41 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 42 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 77 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 2 garrison garrison NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 3 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 5 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 6 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 8 calibre calibre NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 9 artillery artillery NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 10 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 15 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 16 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 17 ineffective ineffective JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 78 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 2 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 5 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 6 repaired repair VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 7 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 9 stood stand VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 10 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 12 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 13 posts post NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 15 collected collect VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 17 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 18 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 19 provisions provision NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 22 collected collect VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 23 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 25 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 26 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 28 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 30 melt melt VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 31 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 32 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 33 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 35 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 37 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 38 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 79 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 80 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 80 2 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 80 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 80 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 80 5 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 80 6 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 80 7 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 80 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 1 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 2 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 4 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 5 archival archival NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 6 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 12 50,000–80,000 50,000–80,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 13 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 14 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 16 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 18 5,000 5,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 20 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 21 Janissaries,[31][page janissaries,[31][page NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 23 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 26 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 27 cannons[32]:139–140[30][page cannons[32]:139–140[30][page NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 29 needed][33][page needed][33][page NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 30   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 31 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 35 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 36 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 37 corps corps NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 81 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 1 Contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 2 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 3 witnesses witness NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 6 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 9 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 11 exaggerate exaggerate VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 13 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 14 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 17 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 19 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 20 disparate disparate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 22 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 23 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 24 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 26 160,000 160,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 28 300,000[31][page 300,000[31][page CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 30 needed](Niccolò needed](niccolò XX en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 31 Barbaro:[34 barbaro:[34 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 33 160,000 160,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 36 Florentine Florentine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 37 merchant merchant NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 38 Jacopo Jacopo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 39 Tedaldi[35 tedaldi[35 ADD en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 40 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 43 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 44 Logothete Logothete NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 45 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 46 Sphrantzes:[36][page sphrantzes:[36][page ADD en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 48 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 50 200,000 200,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 51 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 53 Cardinal Cardinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 54 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 56 Kiev[37 Kiev[37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 57 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 60 Archbishop Archbishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 62 Mytilene Mytilene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 63 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 64 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 65 Chio:[38 Chio:[38 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 66 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 67 300,000 300,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 68 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 82 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 4 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 5 dispositions disposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 7 strategies[edit strategies[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 10 Dardanelles Dardanelles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 11 Gun Gun NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 13 cast cast VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 15 Munir Munir NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 16 Ali Ali NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 18 1464 1464 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 21 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 23 bombards bombard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 24 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 27 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 28 besiegers besieger NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 30 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 32 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 34 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 35 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 36 Armouries Armouries NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 37 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 83 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 1 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 2 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 4 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 6 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 7 manned man VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 9 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 10 sailors sailor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 12 Gallipoli Gallipoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 15 besiege besiege VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 17 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 20 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 84 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 2 30][page 30][page CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 6 Contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 7 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 10 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 13 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 14 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 15 span span VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 17 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 18 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 20 430 430 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 85 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 2 Tedaldi:[35 Tedaldi:[35 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 4 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 6 Barbaro:[34 Barbaro:[34 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 8 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 10 Ubertino Ubertino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 11 Pusculo:[40 Pusculo:[40 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 13 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 15 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 17 Kiev[37 Kiev[37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 20 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 21 di di FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 22 Chio:[41 Chio:[41 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 24 200–250 200–250 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 27 Sphrantzes):[36][page sphrantzes):[36][page NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 29 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 31 430 430 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 33 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 34 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 35 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 36 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 37 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 38 predicts predict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 40 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 41 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 43 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 44 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 45 comprising comprise VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 46 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 47 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 48 galleys galley NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 50 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 51 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 52 galleys galley NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 54 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 55 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 56 galleys galley NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 58 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 59 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 60 rowing rowing NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 61 boats boat NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 64 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 65 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 66 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 67 transports transport NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 86 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 2 30]:44 30]:44 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 3 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 5 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 14 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 17 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 19 cast cast VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 20 medium medium JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 22 sized sized JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 23 cannons cannon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 27 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 29 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 30 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 31 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 33 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 35 field field VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 36 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 37 surpassed surpass VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 39 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 40 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 41 expectations expectation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 87 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 2 11]:374 11]:374 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 4 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 5 deployed deploy VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 7 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 9 cannons cannon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 11 anywhere anywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 13 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 14 cannons cannon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 16 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 88 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 3 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 5 foundries foundry NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 7 employed employ VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 8 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 9 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 10 founders founder NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 12 technicians technician NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 15 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 16 Saruca Saruca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 19 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 21 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 22 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 23 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 24 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 25 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 26 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 28 Orban Orban NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 30 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 31 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 32 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 89 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 4 cannons cannon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 7 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 9 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 11 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 12 engineers engineer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 14 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 16 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 17 bombard bombard NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 19 Saruca Saruca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 21 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 23 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 25 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 27 Orban Orban NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 29 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 30 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 31 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 33 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 34 bombard bombard NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 90 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 2 42][43 42][43 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 4 Orban Orban NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 7 Hungarian Hungarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 9 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 11 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 14 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 19 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 20 mysterious mysterious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 21 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 91 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 2 11]:374 11]:374 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 3 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 4 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 5 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 7 8.2 8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 9 m m NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 11 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 12 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 14 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 16 Basilica Basilica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 20 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 22 hurl hurl VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 24 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 26 lb lb RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 28 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 30 kg kg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 32 stone stone NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 33 ball ball NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 34 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 36 mile mile NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 38 1.6 1.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 40 km km NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 92 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 4 Orban orban NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 5 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 6 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 8 sell sell VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 10 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 13 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 18 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 20 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 22 funds fund NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 23 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 25 hire hire VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 26 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 93 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 1 Orban orban NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 2 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 3 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 6 approached approach VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 7 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 10 claiming claim VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 13 weapon weapon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 14 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 15 blast blast VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 18 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 20 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 21 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 94 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 1 Given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 2 abundant abundant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 3 funds fund NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 5 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 8 Hungarian hungarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 9 engineer engineer NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 10 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 12 gun gun NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 13 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 14 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 15 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 17 Edirne Edirne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 95 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 2 21]:77–78 21]:77–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 3 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 8 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 9 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 11 Orban Orban NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 12 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 15 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 16 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 18 Constantinople,[42][43 Constantinople,[42][43 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 22 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 23 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 24 drawbacks drawback NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 27 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 28 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 29 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 31 reload reload VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 32 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 33 cannonballs cannonball NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 36 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 37 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 38 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 42 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 44 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 45 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 46 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 47 collapsed collapse VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 48 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 49 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 50 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 51 recoil recoil NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 52 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 53 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 54 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 96 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 2 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 5 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 7 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 9 disputed,[31][page disputed,[31][page $ en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 11 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 13 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 17 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 18 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 21 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 23 Archbishop Archbishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 24 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 25 di di FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 26 Chio[38 Chio[38 '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 31 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 34 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 35 unreliable unreliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 37 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 38 chronicle chronicle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 40 Nestor Nestor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 41 Iskander Iskander NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 97 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 5 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 6 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 8 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 11 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 12 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 13 approaching approach VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 17 giant giant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 18 bombard bombard NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 21 Fausto Fausto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 22 Zonaro Zonaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 98 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 1 Having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 2 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 3 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 5 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 6 foundry foundry NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 7 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 8 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 9 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 11 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 13 km km NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 15 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 17 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 18 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 21 undertake undertake VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 23 painstaking painstaking JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 24 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 26 transporting transport VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 28 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 29 artillery artillery NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 30 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 99 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 2 preparation preparation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 5 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 6 assault assault NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 8 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 11 artillery artillery NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 12 train train NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 14 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 15 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 16 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 17 dragged drag VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 20 headquarters headquarters NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 22 Edirne Edirne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 25 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 28 bombards bombard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 29 cast cast VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 32 spot spot NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 100 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 5 train train NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 6 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 7 Orban Orban NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 9 enormous enormous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 10 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 14 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 18 dragged drag VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 20 Edrine Edrine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 23 crew crew NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 25 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 26 oxen oxen NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 28 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 29 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 30 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 101 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 2 11]:374[21]:77–78 11]:374[21]:77–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 3 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 5 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 6 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 7 bombard bombard NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 9 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 10 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 12 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 13 engineer engineer NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 14 Saruca Saruca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 19 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 22 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 102 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 2 42][43 42][43 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 4 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 5 planned plan VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 7 attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 9 Theodosian Theodosian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 10 Walls Walls NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 13 intricate intricate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 14 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 16 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 18 ditches ditch NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 19 protecting protect VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 23 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 26 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 29 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 30 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 33 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 35 surrounded surround VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 37 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 103 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 2 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 3 encamped encamp VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 4 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 6 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 9 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 10 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 13 Monday Monday NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 14 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 15 Easter Easter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 104 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 2 bulk bulk NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 5 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 6 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 8 encamped encamp VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 9 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 12 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 13 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 105 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 2 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 3 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 4 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 6 stretched stretch VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 8 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 10 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 11 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 14 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 17 commanded command VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 19 Karadja Karadja NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 20 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 106 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 2 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 3 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 5 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 7 Ishak Ishak NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 8 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 10 stationed station VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 11 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 14 Lycus Lycus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 15 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 18 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 20 Marmara Marmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 107 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 1 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 2 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 3 erected erect VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 5 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 9 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 10 tent tent NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 11 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 13 Mesoteichion Mesoteichion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 15 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 17 guns gun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 20 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 21 Janissary Janissary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 22 regiments regiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 24 positioned position VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 108 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 2 Bashi Bashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 4 bazouks bazouks NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 6 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 8 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 10 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 11 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 109 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 2 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 3 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 4 Zagan Zagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 5 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 7 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 8 north north RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 11 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 12 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 110 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 1 Communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 3 maintained maintain VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 6 road road NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 10 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 13 marshy marshy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 14 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 17 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 111 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 2 21]:94–95 21]:94–95 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 4 dispositions disposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 6 strategies[edit strategies[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 8 Painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 11 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 16 Theophilos Theophilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 17 Hatzimihail Hatzimihail NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 19 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 21 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 22 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 24 km km NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 26 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 28 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 29 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 31 5.5 5.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 33 km km NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 35 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 36 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 37 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 39 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 40 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 42 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 43   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 44 km km NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 46 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 47 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 48 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 50 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 52 Marmara Marmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 53 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 54 7.5 7.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 55   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 56 km km NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 59 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 62 strongest strong JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 63 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 65 fortified fortify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 66 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 67 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 68 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 112 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 2 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 4 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 6 repaired repair VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 9 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 10 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 15 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 16 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 17 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 19 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 21 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 22 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 23 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 25 believe believe VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 28 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 29 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 30 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 31 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 32 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 35 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 36 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 113 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 2 30]:39 30]:39 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 3 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 4 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 7 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 9 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 10 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 12 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 15 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 17 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 18 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 20 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 22 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 24 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 26 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 28 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 30 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 31 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 33 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 35 Ancona Ancona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 37 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 39 Aragon Aragon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 41 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 42 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 43 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 46 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 47 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 48 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 50 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 51 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 114 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 2 30]:45 30]:45 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 3 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 4 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 8 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 9 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 10 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 13 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 14 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 18 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 19 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 20 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 22 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 115 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 3 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 5 insufficient insufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 7 occupy occupy VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 9 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 12 entirety entirety NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 17 decided decide VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 21 outer outer JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 22 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 23 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 25 manned man VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 116 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 1 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 5 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 6 guarded guard VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 8 Mesoteichion Mesoteichion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 11 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 12 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 15 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 16 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 18 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 21 crossed cross VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 24 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 25 Lycus Lycus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 117 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 2 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 4 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 6 weakest weak JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 7 spot spot NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 10 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 13 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 15 feared fear VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 16 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2306 118 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 1 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 3 stationed station VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 6 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 9 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 13 Charisian Charisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 14 Gate Gate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 16 Myriandrion Myriandrion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 19 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 22 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 24 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 26 shifted shift VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 29 Mesoteichion Mesoteichion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 31 join join VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 32 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 34 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 36 Myriandrion Myriandrion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 39 charge charge NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 42 Bocchiardi Bocchiardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 43 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 119 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 1 Minotto Minotto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 4 Venetians venetian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 6 stationed station VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 9 Blachernae Blachernae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 10 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 12 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 14 Teodoro Teodoro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 15 Caristo Caristo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 18 Langasco Langasco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 19 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 22 Archbishop Archbishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 23 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 25 Chios Chios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 120 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 2 21]:92 21]:92 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 3 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 5 left left NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 8 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 10 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 11 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 15 commanders commander NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 16 Cataneo Cataneo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 19 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 20 Genoese genoese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 21 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 24 Theophilus Theophilus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 25 Palaeologus Palaeologus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 121 26 , , , 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-LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 16 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 17 guarded guard VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 20 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 21 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 22 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 25 defended defend VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 28 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 29 Filippo Filippo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 30 Contarini Contarini NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 32 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 33 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 34 Cantacuzenus Cantacuzenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 35 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 36 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 122 37 position position NN 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en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 15 Stoudion Stoudion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 18 makeshift makeshift JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 19 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 20 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 22 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 23 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 26 left left JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 27 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 30 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 31 Orhan Orhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 32 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 34 Harbour Harbour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 36 Eleutherios Eleutherios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 123 37 . . . 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Palaeologus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 126 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 126 43 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 126 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 2 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 3 Alviso Alviso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 4 Diedo Diedo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 5 commanded command VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 7 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 10 harbour harbour NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 127 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 2 21]:94 21]:94 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 3 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 5 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 8 cannons cannon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 128 9 , , , 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-RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 7 Nicolle Nicolle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 9 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 11 odds odd NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 14 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 18 inevitably inevitably RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 19 doomed doom VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 21 incorrect incorrect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 25 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 26 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 30 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 32 sided sided JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 35 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 36 glance glance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 37 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 39 map map NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 40 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 41 suggest suggest VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 129 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 2 30]:40 30]:40 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 3 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 7 claimed claim VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 9 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 13 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 15 defended defend VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 16 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 18 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 22 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 130 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 4 Siege[edit siege[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 6 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 8 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 11 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 13 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 14 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 15 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 19 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 20 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 22 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 24 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 25 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 26 strongholds stronghold NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 27 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 29 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 31 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 131 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 2 fortress fortress NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 4 Therapia Therapia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 7 Bosphorus Bosphorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 10 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 11 castle castle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 14 village village NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 16 Studius Studius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 17 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 19 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 21 Marmara Marmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 23 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 24 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 26 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 27 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 132 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 2 Princes Princes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 3 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 4 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 7 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 9 Marmara Marmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 11 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 13 Admiral Admiral NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 14 Baltoghlu Baltoghlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 16 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 133 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 2 21]:96–97 21]:96–97 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 3 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 5 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 6 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 7 fired fire VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 10 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 12 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 15 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 18 imprecision imprecision NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 20 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 21 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 22 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 24 reloading reloading NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 27 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 29 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 31 repair repair VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 32 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 35 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 36 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 37 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 38 shot shot NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 40 mitigating mitigate VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 42 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 43 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 44 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 134 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 2 11]:376 11]:376 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 4 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 5 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 6 transport transport VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 8 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 9 overland overland NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 12 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 13 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 135 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 3 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 5 probing probe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 6 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 9 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 10 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 11 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 12 Baltoghlu Baltoghlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 13 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 15 enter enter VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 17 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 18 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 19 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 22 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 24 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 26 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 27 stretched stretch VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 28 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 30 entrance entrance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 136 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 2 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 5 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 7 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 8 tasks task NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 11 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 12 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 13 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 14 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 16 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 18 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 19 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 22 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 23 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 26 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 27 flotilla flotilla NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 29 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 30 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 31 ships[note ships[note CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 32 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 34 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 36 slip slip VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 37 in in RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 38 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 39 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 40 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 41 fighting fighting NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 43 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 44 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 45 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 46 strengthened strengthen VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 48 morale morale NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 51 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 53 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 54 embarrassment embarrassment NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 55 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 57 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 137 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 2 11]:376 11]:376 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 3 Baltoghlu Baltoghlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 5 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 7 spared spare VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 10 subordinates subordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 11 testified testify VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 14 bravery bravery NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 17 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 138 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 1 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 2 ordered order VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 4 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 7 road road NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 9 greased greased JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 10 logs log NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 11 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 12 Galata Galata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 15 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 16 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 19 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 20 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 23 dragged drag VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 24 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 25 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 26 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 28 hill hill NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 30 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 33 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 34 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 36 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 37 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 39 bypassing bypass VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 41 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 42 barrier barrier NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 139 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 2 11]:376 11]:376 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 3 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 4 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 5 seriously seriously RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 6 threatened threaten VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 8 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 10 supplies supply NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 12 Genoese genoese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 13 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 16 nominally nominally RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 17 neutral neutral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 18 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 20 Pera Pera NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 24 demoralized demoralize VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 26 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 27 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 140 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 3 night night NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 5 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 9 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 11 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 13 destroy destroy VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 15 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 16 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 17 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 20 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 21 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 22 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 23 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 24 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 28 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 29 forced force VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 31 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 33 retreat retreat VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 35 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 36 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 141 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 1 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 2 Italians Italians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 3 escaped escape VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 4 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 5 sinking sink VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 6 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 8 swam swam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 11 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 12 shore shore NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 142 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 2 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 4 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 6 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 8 impaled impale VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 10 stakes stake NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 13 sight sight NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 16 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 18 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 21 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 22 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 23 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 25 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 26 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 143 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 2 retaliation retaliation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 5 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 6 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 8 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 9 prisoners prisoner NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 11 260 260 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 17 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 19 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 22 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 28 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 30 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 33 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 144 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 2 21]:108[47 21]:108[47 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 4 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 6 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 9 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 12 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 13 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 16 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 18 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 20 disperse disperse VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 21 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 24 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 26 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 28 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 29 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 30 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 32 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 33 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 145 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 2 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 3 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 5 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 7 frontal frontal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 8 assaults assault NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 11 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 12 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 19 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 20 repelled repel VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 22 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 23 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 146 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 4 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 5 surgeon surgeon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 6 Niccolò Niccolò NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 7 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 9 describing describe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 12 diary diary NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 15 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 16 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 19 Janissaries Janissaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 21 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 23 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 24 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 26 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 27 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 28 right right RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 29 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 32 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 34 seeking seek VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 35 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 37 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 39 Janissaries Janissaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 41 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 43 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 44 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 45 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 46 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 48 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 49 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 50 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 52 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 53 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 54 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 55 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 56 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 58 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 59 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 61 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 62 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 63   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 64 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 65 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 66 caring care VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 67 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 68 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 69 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 70 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 71 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 73 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 74 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 147 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 2 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 3 shot shoot VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 5 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 7 guns gun NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 9 crossbows crossbow NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 11 aiming aim VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 14 Turk Turk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 17 carrying carry VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 18 away away RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 20 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 21 countryman countryman NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 24 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 27 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 28 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 31 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 32 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 35 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 36 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 37 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 38 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 39 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 41 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 42 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 43 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 45 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 46 fearing fear VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 47 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 49 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 50 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 51 willing willing JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 52 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 53 let let VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 54 ten ten NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 56 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 57 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 58 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 59 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 60 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 61 suffer suffer VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 63 shame shame NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 65 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 67 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 68 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 69 corpse corpse NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 70 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 72 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 148 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 4 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 8 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 10 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 12 1475[49 1475[49 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 14 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 15 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 16 inconclusive inconclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 17 frontal frontal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 18 offensives offensive NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 21 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 22 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 24 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 25 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 27 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 29 constructing construct VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 30 tunnels tunnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 33 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 35 mine mine VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 36 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 38 mid mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 39 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 40 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 42 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 149 43 May. May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 4 sappers sapper NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 6 miners miner NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 8 Serbian serbian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 9 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 10 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 12 Novo Novo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 13 Brdo[50 Brdo[50 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 17 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 19 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 21 Zagan Zagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 22 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 150 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 4 engineer engineer NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 5 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 6 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 7 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 10 German[note german[note CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 14 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 17 Genoese genoese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 18 contingent contingent NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 21 counter counter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 22 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 23 mines mine NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 24 dug dug NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 26 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 27 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 28 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 30 enter enter VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 32 mines mine NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 34 kill kill VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 36 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 151 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 2 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 3 intercepted intercept VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 6 tunnel tunnel NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 9 night night NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 11 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 152 12 May. May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 2 tunnels tunnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 4 interrupted interrupt VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 8 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 11 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 12 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 15 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 17 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 18 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 20 vigorous vigorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 21 combat combat NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 153 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 6 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 7 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 9 tortured torture VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 11 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 12 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 15 revealed reveal VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 17 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 19 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 21 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 22 tunnels tunnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 26 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 27 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 154 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 5 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 8 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 9 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 11 ambassador ambassador NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 15 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 17 lift lift VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 19 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 20 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 22 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 23 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 25 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 155 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 2 promised promise VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 3 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 5 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 7 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 9 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 11 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 13 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 16 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 156 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 3 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 5 recognize recognize VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 7 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 9 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 12 Peloponnese Peloponnese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 157 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 1 Lastly lastly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 3 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 4 guaranteed guarantee VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 6 safety safety NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 9 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 11 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 12 choose choose VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 14 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 17 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 158 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 1 Constantine constantine NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 2 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 3 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 4 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 6 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 7 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 8 tributes tribute NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 11 sultan sultan NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 13 recognized recognize VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 15 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 17 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 19 conquered conquered JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 20 castles castle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 22 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 25 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 28 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 30 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 31 possession possession NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 159 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 4 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 7 willing willing JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 9 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 11 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 12 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 14 fight fight NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 16 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 18 surrendering surrender VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 20 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 22 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 28 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 30 decide decide VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 33 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 34 else else RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 36 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 37 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 40 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 42 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 43 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 44 reached reach VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 46 mutual mutual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 47 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 49 die die VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 51 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 52 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 53 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 54 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 56 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 57 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 58 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 59 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 60 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 61 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 160 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 5 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 9 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 12 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 13 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 16 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 17 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 161 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 3 encountered encounter VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 5 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 7 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 10 Viziers vizier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 13 veteran veteran NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 14 Halil Halil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 15 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 19 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 20 disapproved disapprove VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 22 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 24 plans plan NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 26 conquer conquer VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 28 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 30 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 31 admonished admonish VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 32 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 34 abandon abandon VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 36 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 39 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 41 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 42 adversity adversity NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 162 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 1 Zagan Zagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 2 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 3 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 4 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 5 Halil Halil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 6 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 8 insisted insist VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 11 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 12 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 163 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 1 Believing believe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 4 beleaguered beleaguered JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 6 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 8 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 9 weakened weaken VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 10 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 12 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 13 planned plan VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 15 overpower overpower VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 17 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 19 sheer sheer JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 20 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 22 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 23 preparations preparation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 26 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 27 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 29 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 30 offensive offensive NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 164 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 1 Final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 2 assault[edit assault[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 4 Painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 7 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 8 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 9 painter painter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 10 Theophilos Theophilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 11 Hatzimihail Hatzimihail NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 12 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 14 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 15 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 17 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 19 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 21 visible visible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 24 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 25 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 26 Preparations preparation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 29 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 30 assault assault NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 31 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 34 evening evening NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 36 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 37 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 39 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 42 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 43 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 165 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 2 11]:378 11]:378 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 3 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 4 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 5 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 8 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 9 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 10 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 12 attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 15 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 16 extensively extensively RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 17 mobilized mobilize VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 19 manpower manpower NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 21 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 23 prepare prepare VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 26 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 27 offensive offensive NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 166 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 2 11]:378 11]:378 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 3 Prayer prayer NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 5 resting resting NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 7 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 8 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 11 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 14 28th 28th NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 17 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 18 assault assault NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 19 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 21 launched launch VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 167 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 4 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 8 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 9 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 11 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 12 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 14 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 15 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 16 searched search VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 18 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 20 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 22 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 24 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 25 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 27 reported report VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 30 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 32 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 33 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 34 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 35 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 36 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 39 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 40 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 168 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 2 11]:377 11]:377 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 3 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 4 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 9 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 10 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 11 prepared prepare VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 14 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 15 assault assault NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 17 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 19 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 20 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 21 processions procession NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 23 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 26 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 169 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 3 evening evening NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 6 solemn solemn NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 7 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 8 ceremony ceremony NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 10 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 13 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 14 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 19 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 21 representatives representative NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 23 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 25 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 27 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 29 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 30 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 31 partook partake VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 170 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 2 53]:651–652 53]:651–652 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 3 Shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 4 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 5 midnight midnight NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 7 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 8 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 11 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 13 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 14 offensive offensive NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 15 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 171 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 2 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 3 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 6 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 8 attacked attack VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 9 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 11 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 13 successive successive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 14 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 17 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 18 azaps azap NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 22 poorly poorly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 23 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 25 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 28 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 29 Turkmen Turkmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 30 beylik beylik JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 31 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 32 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 33 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 36 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 39 damaged damage VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 40 Blachernae Blachernae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 41 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 44 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 46 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 47 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 50 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 172 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 2 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 5 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 8 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 9 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 13 eleventh eleventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 18 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 19 weaker weak JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 173 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 2 Turkmen Turkmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 3 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 4 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 6 breach breach VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 8 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 10 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 12 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 14 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 19 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 21 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 22 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 23 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 26 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 174 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 1 Finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 4 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 5 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 6 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 8 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 9 Janissaries janissary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 11 attacked attack VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 13 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 14 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 175 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 2 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 3 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 5 charge charge NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 8 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 9 troops,[31][page troops,[31][page CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 11 needed][37][38 needed][37][38 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 13 Giovanni Giovanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 14 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 17 grievously grievously RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 18 wounded wound VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 19 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 21 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 24 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 25 evacuation evacuation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 28 ramparts rampart NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 29 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 31 panic panic NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 34 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 37 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 176 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 5 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 6 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 8 Genoese genoese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 9 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 10 retreating retreat VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 13 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 15 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 17 harbour harbour NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 19 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 21 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 22 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 24 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 25 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 28 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 29 devices device NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 31 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 33 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 35 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 36 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 38 Janissaries Janissaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 177 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 3 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 5 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 6 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 7 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 9 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 11 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 13 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 15 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 19 defenders defender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 21 overwhelmed overwhelmed JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 23 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 24 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 25 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 27 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 178 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 2 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 3 flags flag NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 5 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 6 flying fly VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 7 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 9 Kerkoporta Kerkoporta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 12 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 13 postern postern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 14 gate gate NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 17 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 18 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 20 panic panic NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 21 ensued ensue VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 25 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 26 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 179 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 3 Janissary Janissary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 4 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 6 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 8 Ulubatlı Ulubatlı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 9 Hasan Hasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 11 pressed press VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 12 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 180 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 2 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 3 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 4 ran run VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 5 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 6 home home RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 8 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 10 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 13 Venetians Venetians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 14 retreated retreat VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 17 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 21 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 24 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 25 escaped escape VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 27 Galata Galata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 181 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 2 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 3 surrendered surrender VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 5 committed commit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 6 suicide suicide NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 8 jumping jump VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 9 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 11 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 12 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 182 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 2 22][page 22][page CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 7 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 8 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 9 nearest nearest RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 12 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 17 suffer suffer VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 20 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 183 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 3 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 5 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 7 throwing throw VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 8 aside aside RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 10 purple purple JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 11 regalia regalia NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 13 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 15 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 16 charge charge NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 17 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 19 incoming incoming JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 20 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 22 perishing perish VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 25 ensuing ensue VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 26 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 29 streets street NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 30 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 31 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 32 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 184 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 4 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 7 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 8 Nicolò Nicolò NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 9 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 10 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 13 diary diary NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 15 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 16 hanged hang VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 17 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 20 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 23 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 24 broke break VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 25 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 28 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 29 Romano Romano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 30 gate gate NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 32 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 33 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 34 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 35 fate fate NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 36 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 37 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 185 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 5 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 7 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 8 assault assault NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 11 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 12 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 13 fanned fan VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 14 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 15 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 17 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 18 thoroughfare thoroughfare NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 21 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 24 Mese Mese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 26 past past IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 28 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 29 forums forum NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 32 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 35 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 36 Apostles Apostles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 39 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 40 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 41 wanted want VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 43 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 45 seat seat NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 47 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 48 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 49 appointed appoint VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 50 patriarch patriarch NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 52 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 53 control control VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 54 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 55 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 56 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 186 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 1 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 4 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 6 advance advance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 7 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 9 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 11 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 12 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 187 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 2 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 3 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 4 lucky lucky JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 5 civilians civilian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 6 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 8 escape escape VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 188 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 3 Venetians Venetians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 4 retreated retreat VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 5 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 8 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 11 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 13 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 14 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 16 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 19 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 20 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 189 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 1 Luckily luckily RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 4 occupants occupant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 7 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 10 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 13 interested interested JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 15 killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 16 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 17 valuable valuable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 18 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 21 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 24 loot loot NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 26 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 27 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 29 raiding raid VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 31 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 33 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 35 so so CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 36 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 37 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 39 attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 41 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 42 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 190 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 2 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 3 captain captain NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 4 ordered order VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 6 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 8 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 9 open open VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 11 gate gate NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 14 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 15 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 191 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 1 Having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 2 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 3 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 6 Venetians Venetians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 7 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 9 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 10 filled fill VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 12 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 14 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 192 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 1 Shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 2 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 4 Venetians Venetians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 5 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 8 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 9 Genoese genoese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 10 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 12 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 14 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 16 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 17 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 19 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 22 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 23 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 193 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 2 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 3 narrowly narrowly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 4 escaped escape VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 5 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 8 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 9 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 10 assuming assume VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 11 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 12 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 14 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 15 Horn Horn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 19 accomplished accomplish VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 21 midday midday NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 194 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 2 22][page 22][page CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 7 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 8 converged converge VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 9 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 11 Augusteum Augusteum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 14 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 15 square square NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 17 fronted front VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 19 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 20 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 22 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 23 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 24 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 25 bronze bronze NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 26 gates gate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 28 barred bar VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 31 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 32 throng throng NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 34 civilians civilian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 35 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 37 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 39 hoping hope VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 41 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 42 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 195 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 3 doors door NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 5 breached breach VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 8 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 9 separated separate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 11 congregation congregation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 12 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 14 what what WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 15 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 17 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 18 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 19 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 21 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 22 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 196 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 5 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 6 casualties casualty NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 8 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 10 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 12 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 14 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 15 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 18 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 19 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 20 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 22 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 23 unsuccessful unsuccessful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 24 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 25 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 26 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 27 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 29 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 31 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 32 assault assault NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 197 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 6 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 7 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 8 observed observe VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 9 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 10 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 11 flowed flow VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 14 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 16 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 17 rainwater rainwater NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 20 gutters gutter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 21 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 23 sudden sudden JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 24 storm storm NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 28 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 30 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 32 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 33 floated float VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 36 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 38 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 39 melons melon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 40 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 42 canal canal NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 198 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 1 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 5 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 6 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 8 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 9 slaughter slaughter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 11 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 14 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 199 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 4 Plundering Plundering NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 5 phase[edit phase[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 7 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 9 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 11 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 12 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 13 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 15 plunder plunder VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 17 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 21 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 22 promised promise VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 23 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 26 accordance accordance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 29 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 32 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 200 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 2 21]:145[55 21]:145[55 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 4 Soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 5 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 6 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 8 possession possession NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 13 spoils spoil NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 15 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 201 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 2 56]:283 56]:283 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 4 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 8 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 10 rape rape NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 13 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 15 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 16 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 202 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 6 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 9 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 12 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 14 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 15 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 17 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 18 slaughter slaughter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 20 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 21 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 23 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 203 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 3 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 4 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 5 Mansel Mansel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 7 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 8 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 11 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 13 civilian civilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 14 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 15 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 16 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 18 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 20 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 22 murders murder NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 24 rapes rape NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 27 30,000 30,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 28 civilians civilian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 29 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 30 enslaved enslave VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 32 forcibly forcibly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 33 deported deport VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 204 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 2 4][58][5][59 4][58][5][59 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 4 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 5 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 6 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 8 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 10 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 11 genders gender NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 13 raped rape VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 14 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 15 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 16 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 205 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 4 Loukas Loukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 5 Notaras Notaras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 8 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 10 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 12 Notaras Notaras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 13 refused refuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 14 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 16 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 18 offer offer VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 20 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 23 sultan sultan NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 25 pleasure pleasure NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 206 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 6 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 7 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 8 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 11 elderly elderly JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 14 infirm infirm NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 15 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 16 wounded wounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 18 sick sick JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 21 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 22 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 24 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 26 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 30 remainder remainder NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 32 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 33 teenage teenage JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 34 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 36 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 37 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 40 chained chain VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 41 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 43 sold sell VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 44 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 45 slavery slavery NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 207 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 7 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 8 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 9 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 10 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 12 permitted permit VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 14 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 17 looting looting NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 19 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 21 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 23 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 24 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 25 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 29 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 31 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 33 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 34 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 37 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 208 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 5 looting looting NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 7 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 8 thorough thorough JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 10 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 11 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 14 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 209 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 6 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 8 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 11 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 12 deserted desert VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 14 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 16 ruins ruin NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 18 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 21 desecrated desecrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 23 stripped strip VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 25 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 27 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 28 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 29 habitable habitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 32 stores store NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 34 shops shop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 36 emptied empty VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 210 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 3 famously famously RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 4 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 6 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 8 moved move VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 10 tears tear NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 14 saying say VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 17 What what WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 19 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 20 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 22 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 23 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 25 plunder plunder VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 27 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 211 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 3 21]:152 21]:152 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 4 Looting Looting NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 6 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 9 sailors sailor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 11 marines marine NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 14 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 15 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 17 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 19 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 20 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 22 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 23 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 26 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 27 suppressed suppress VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 29 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 30 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 34 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 35 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 36 gate gate NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 212 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 4 Nicolle Nicolle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 7 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 8 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 10 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 11 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 14 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 15 conquerors conqueror NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 18 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 22 Crusaders Crusaders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 23 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 25 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 27 stating state VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 28 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 29 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 30 4,000 4,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 31 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 32 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 35 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 213 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 4 Aftermath[edit aftermath[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 6 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 8 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 9 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 12 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 14 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 16 ordered order VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 17 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 18 looting loot VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 20 stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 22 issued issue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 24 proclamation proclamation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 26 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 27 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 28 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 30 avoided avoid VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 31 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 33 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 34 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 35 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 36 ransomed ransom VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 37 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 38 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 40 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 41 homes home NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 42 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 43 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 44 molestation molestation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 46 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 47 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 48 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 49 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 50 homes home NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 52 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 53 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 56 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 57 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 58 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 59 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 60 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 61 captive captive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 63 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 64 ransomed ransom VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 214 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 2 21]:150–51 21]:150–51 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 4 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 5 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 6 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 9 eyewitness eyewitness NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 12 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 16 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 18 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 20 actions:[63][64 actions:[63][64 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 22 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 24 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 25 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 26 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 28 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 30 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 31 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 34 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 35 celebrated celebrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 36 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 37 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 40 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 42 joyful joyful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 43 triumph triumph NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 215 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 2 issued issue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 4 proclamation proclamation NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 7 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 10 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 13 managed manage VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 15 escape escape VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 16 detection detection NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 19 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 21 hiding hiding NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 22 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 23 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 25 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 27 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 28 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 29 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 31 open open NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 34 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 37 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 38 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 40 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 41 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 42 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 43 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 44 asked ask VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 216 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 2 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 3 declared declare VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 5 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 7 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 9 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 11 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 14 abandoned abandon VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 15 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 16 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 17 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 19 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 217 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 2 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 3 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 4 home home RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 6 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 9 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 10 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 13 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 15 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 18 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 19 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 21 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 218 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 2     _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 4 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 6 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 7 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 9 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 12 mosque mosque NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 16 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 17 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 18 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 20 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 22 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 23 intact intact JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 25 Gennadius Gennadius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 26 Scholarius Scholarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 28 appointed appoint VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 29 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 31 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 219 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 3 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 4 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 8 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 11 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 12 millet millet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 13 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 15 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 19 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 20 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 22 myth myth NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 24 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 26 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 27 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 30 fifteenth fifteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 220 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 2 65][66 65][66 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 6 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 8 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 11 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 14 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 15 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 18 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 19 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 22 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 25 mosque mosque NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 221 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 2 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 5 shocked shock VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 7 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 10 viewed view VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 14 catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 15 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 18 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 222 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 5 feared fear VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 7 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 8 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 9 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 11 suffer suffer VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 14 fate fate NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 223 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 2 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 3 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 4 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 5 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 7 humanists humanist NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 9 churchmen churchman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 11 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 12 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 14 Crusade crusade NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 16 dialogue dialogue NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 224 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 1 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 2 Pius Pius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 3 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 4 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 5 advocated advocate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 7 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 8 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 10 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 12 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 13 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 15 Cusa Cusa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 16 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 17 engaging engage VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 20 dialogue dialogue NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 23 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 225 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 5 Morean Morean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 7 Peloponnesian Peloponnesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 9 fortress fortress NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 11 Mystras Mystras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 13 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 14 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 16 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 17 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 19 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 20 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 22 constantly constantly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 24 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 26 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 29 knowing know VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 30 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 31 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 32 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 33 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 34 invade invade VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 35 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 36 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 37 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 39 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 40 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 41 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 42 1460 1460 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 226 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 1 Long long RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 2 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 4 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 8 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 10 fought fight VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 13 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 15 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 17 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 22 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 23 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 25 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 227 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 2 69]:446 69]:446 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 4 escaped escape VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 9 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 10 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 11 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 12 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 13 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 14 expected expect VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 16 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 18 puppet puppet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 22 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 24 imprisoned imprison VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 26 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 27 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 30 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 32 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 33 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 228 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 2 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 7 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 8 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 10 monetary monetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 11 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 14 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 17 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 18 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 20 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 21 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 23 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 25 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 26 1503 1503 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 229 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 2 1461 1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 4 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 6 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 8 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 9 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 11 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 230 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 2 69]:446 69]:446 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 3 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 4 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 6 died die VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 7 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 8 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 10 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 16 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 17 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 18 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 19 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 20 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 22 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 25 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 28 deceased deceased JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 29 elder elder JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 30 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 32 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 34 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 35 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 37 palace palace NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 38 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 40 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 41 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 43 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 45 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 231 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 2 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 3 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 5 renamed rename VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 7 Murad Murad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 11 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 12 favourite favourite NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 14 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 16 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 18 Beylerbey Beylerbey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 20 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 22 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 25 Rumeli Rumeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 28 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 232 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 2 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 3 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 5 renamed rename VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 6 Mesih Mesih NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 7 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 10 Admiral Admiral NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 13 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 14 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 16 Sancak Sancak NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 17 Beg Beg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 19 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 23 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 25 Gallipoli Gallipoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 233 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 2 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 3 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 4 twice twice RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 6 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 7 Vizier Vizier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 9 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 11 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 13 Bayezid Bayezid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 234 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 4 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 6 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 10 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 13 acquired acquire VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 15 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 16 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 19 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 21 albeit albeit IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 24 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 25 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 27 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 29 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 235 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 2 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 5 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 8 crippling crippling JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 9 blow blow NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 11 Christendom Christendom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 15 exposed expose VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 17 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 18 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 21 vigorous vigorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 23 aggressive aggressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 24 foe foe NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 27 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 236 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 2 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 3 reconquest reconquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 6 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 8 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 10 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 11 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 14 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 15 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 17 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 20 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 237 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 1 Rumours Rumours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 3 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 4 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 6 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 8 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 9 rescue rescue NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 12 angel angel NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 13 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 16 hope hope VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 19 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 20 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 22 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 23 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 25 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 26 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 238 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 1 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 2 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 3 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 4 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 7 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 8 counter counter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 9 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 10 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 16 crusade,[citation crusade,[citation -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 17 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 19 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 20 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 21 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 22 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 23 wished wish VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 25 participate participate VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 29 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 30 resorted resort VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 32 sending send VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 34 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 35 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 37 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 38 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 40 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 42 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 239 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 2 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 3 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 4 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 5 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 6 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 9 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 12 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 14 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 16 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 20 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 22 Crusading Crusading NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 23 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 25 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 28 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 240 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 7 gone go VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 9 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 12 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 15 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 16 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 17 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 19 1396 1396 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 21 Coluccio Coluccio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 22 Salutati Salutati NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 24 chancellor chancellor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 26 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 28 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 30 invited invite VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 31 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 32 Chrysoloras Chrysoloras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 35 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 36 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 38 lecture lecture VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 39 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 41 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 43 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 241 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 6 conquest conquest JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 8 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 12 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 13 Argyropoulos Argyropoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 15 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 16 Lascaris Lascaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 18 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 20 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 22 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 23 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 26 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 27 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 29 bringing bring VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 31 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 32 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 34 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 37 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 39 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 40 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 42 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 44 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 45 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 46 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 47 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 48 propelled propel VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 50 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 242 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 2 72][73 72][73 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 4 Those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 5 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 7 stayed stay VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 8 behind behind RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 11 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 12 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 15 Phanar Phanar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 17 Galata Galata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 18 districts district NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 21 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 243 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 2 Phanariotes Phanariotes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 5 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 9 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 11 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 12 advisers adviser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 15 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 16 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 244 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 1 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 2 Rome[edit rome[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 7 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 9 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 10 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 13 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 16 Gentile Gentile NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 17 Bellini Bellini NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 18 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 21 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 24 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 25 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 27 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 30 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 31 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 245 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 3 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 7 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 8 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 14 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 15 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 19 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 20 call call VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 23 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 27 laudatory laudatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 28 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 31 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 33 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 34 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 37 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 38 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 42 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 43 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 246 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 2 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 5 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 6 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 7 factions faction NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 9 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 10 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 12 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 14 inheritors inheritor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 17 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 18 mantle mantle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 247 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 1 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 2 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 5 heritage heritage NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 6 clashed clash VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 8 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 11 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 14 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 15 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 248 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 2 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 4 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 9 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 13 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 15 declaring declare VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 16 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 17 Kayser Kayser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 19 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 20 Rum Rum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 22 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 24 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 26 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 29 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 30 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 34 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 37 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 38 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 39 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 40 remembered remember VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 44 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 249 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 2 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 4 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 5 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 7 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 8 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 9 1922 1922 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 12 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 15 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 17 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 250 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 1 Stefan Stefan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 2 Dušan Dušan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 4 Tsar Tsar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 6 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 9 Ivan Ivan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 12 Tsar Tsar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 14 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 16 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 17 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 18 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 19 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 21 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 22 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 24 legitimate legitimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 25 heirs heir NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 28 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 251 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 2 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 3 claimants claimant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 8 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 10 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 13 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 17 disintegrated disintegrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 19 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 252 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 4 Impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 7 Churches[edit churches[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 9 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 10 Pius Pius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 12 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 15 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 16 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 17 persecute persecute VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 18 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 19 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 20 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 22 advocated advocate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 24 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 25 crusade crusade NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 28 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 30 Mantua Mantua NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 32 1459 1459 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 253 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 2 67][75 67][75 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 6 Vlad Vlad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 8 Impaler impaler NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 11 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 12 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 13 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 15 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 16 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 19 suggestion suggestion NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 254 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 2 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 5 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 8 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 13 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 16 fierce fierce JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 17 theological theological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 19 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 20 controversy controversy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 22 adherents adherent NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 24 opponents opponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 27 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 30 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 31 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 32 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 33 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 34 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 36 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 37 Nikon Nikon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 40 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 41 intended intend VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 43 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 45 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 46 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 47 closer close RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 50 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 52 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 54 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 55 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 56 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 255 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 1 Avvakum Avvakum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 5 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 6 Believers believer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 8 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 10 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 13 corruption corruption NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 16 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 17 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 21 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 26 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 28 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 30 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 256 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 4 Churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 7 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 8 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 13 liturgies liturgy NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 15 Avvakum Avvakum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 16 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 18 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 19 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 22 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 23 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 25 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 26 heretical heretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 27 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 29 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 257 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 2 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 7 profound profound JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 8 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 11 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 12 Pentarchy Pentarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 15 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 16 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 258 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 4 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 5 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 6 sees see NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 8 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 10 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 12 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 17 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 18 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 19 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 21 believers believer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 22 locally locally RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 24 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 26 Islamization islamization NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 29 Dhimma Dhimma NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 30 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 33 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 34 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 35 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 36 subjected subject VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 37 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 39 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 40 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 42 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 44 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 45 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 46 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 47 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 49 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 51 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 53 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 54 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 57 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 58 States,[citation States,[citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 59 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 60 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 259 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 6 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 9 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 11 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 14 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 15 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 16 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 18 migrated migrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 20 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 21 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 23 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 25 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 27 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 28 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 29 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 32 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 33 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 34 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 35 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 260 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 5 Legacy[edit legacy[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 7 Prophecies[edit prophecies[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 10 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 11 prophet prophet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 12 Muhammad Muhammad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 13 prophesied prophesy VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 15 hadith hadith NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 16 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 18 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 19 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 21 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 261 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 262 1 Verily verily RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 262 2 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 262 3 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 262 4 conquer conquer VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 262 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 262 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 1 What what WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 3 wonderful wonderful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 4 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 5 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 10 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 12 wonderful wonderful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 13 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 14 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 15 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 16 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 18 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-2306 263 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 1 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 7 goes go VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 9 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 11 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 12 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 14 forgiven forgive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 264 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 4 Legends[edit legends[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 6 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 9 legends legend NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 11 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 12 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 14 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 265 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 3 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 6 partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 7 lunar lunar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 8 eclipse eclipse NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 10 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 12 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 13 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 14 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 15 represented represent VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 17 fulfilment fulfilment NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 20 prophecy prophecy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 23 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 25 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 266 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 4 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 5 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 6 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 9 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 12 blotted blot VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 13 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 16 thick thick JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 17 fog fog NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 20 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 21 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 23 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 24 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 27 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 267 29 May. May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 3 fog fog NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 4 lifted lift VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 5 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 6 evening evening NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 9 strange strange JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 10 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 12 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 13 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 14 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 16 dome dome NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 19 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 20 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 23 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 24 interpreted interpret VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 27 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 28 Spirit Spirit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 29 departing depart VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 32 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 268 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 2 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 3 evidently evidently RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 4 indicated indicate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 6 departure departure NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 9 Divine Divine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 10 Presence Presence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 14 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 16 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 18 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 19 abandonment abandonment NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 21 desertion desertion NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 25 Divinity Divinity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 26 conceals conceal NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 27 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 29 cloud cloud NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 31 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 33 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 34 disappears disappear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 269 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 3 19]:59 19]:59 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 5 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 9 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 11 distant distant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 12 hope hope NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 15 lights light NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 18 campfires campfire NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 21 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 23 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 24 Hunyadi Hunyadi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 27 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 29 relieve relieve VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 31 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 270 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 5 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 6 legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 7 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 10 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 11 saying say VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 12 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 13 liturgy liturgy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 14 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 16 crowd crowd NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 17 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 20 cathedral cathedral NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 22 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 26 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 27 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 28 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 271 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 4 legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 7 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 8 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 9 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 10 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 13 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 16 returns return VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 18 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 19 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 272 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 2 21]:147 21]:147 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 3 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 4 legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 5 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 8 Marble Marble NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 9 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 11 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 12 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 15 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 18 angel angel NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 19 rescued rescue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 21 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 22 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 24 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 25 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 27 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 29 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 30 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 32 marble marble NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 34 placing place VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 35 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 38 cave cave NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 39 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 41 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 42 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 44 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 45 Gate Gate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 47 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 48 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 49 waits wait VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 51 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 52 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 53 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 54 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 55 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 57 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 58 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 61 sleeping sleep VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 62 hero hero NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 63 legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 273 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 2 79][80 79][80 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 8 myths myth NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 9 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 11 disappearance disappearance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 14 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 16 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 17 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 19 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 20 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 23 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 25 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 27 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 29 friendly friendly JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 30 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 31 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 34 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 274 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 1 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 2 impact[edit impact[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 4 Guillaume Guillaume NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 5 Dufay Dufay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 6 composed compose VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 7 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 8 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 9 lamenting lament VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 11 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 14 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 15 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 19 duke duke NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 21 Burgundy Burgundy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 23 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 25 Good Good NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 27 avowed avow VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 29 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 30 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 31 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 32 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 34 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 275 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 5 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 6 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 7 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 10 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 12 coincided coincide VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 15 Protestant Protestant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 16 Reformation Reformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 18 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 19 Counter Counter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 20 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 21 Reformation Reformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 24 recapture recapture NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 26 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 27 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 29 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 31 distant distant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 32 dream dream NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 276 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 2 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 4 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 6 fervent fervent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 7 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 10 Crusades Crusades NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 14 ally ally NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 17 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 277 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 1 Nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 3 depictions depiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 5 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 6 coalitions coalition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 7 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 9 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 13 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 14 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 16 resurrection resurrection NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 18 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 20 Wise Wise NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 21 persisted persist VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 278 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 2 14]:280 14]:280 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 3 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 4 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 5 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 8 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 11 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 15 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 18 Tuesday Tuesday NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 21 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 22 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 23 Tuesday Tuesday NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 26 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 28 unlucky unlucky JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 29 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 31 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 32 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 279 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 4 Impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 7 Renaissance[edit renaissance[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 12 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 13 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 16 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 18 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 19 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 21 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 22 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 24 émigrés émigré NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 27 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 28 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 30 sacking sacking NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 32 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 35 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 37 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 39 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 41 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 43 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 44 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 45 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 48 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 50 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 52 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 53 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 54 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 55 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 56 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 58 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 61 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 62 humanism[73][dead humanism[73][dead . en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 63 link][better link][better NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 64   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 65 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 66   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 67 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 68 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 69 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 70 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 280 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 2 émigrés émigré NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 4 grammarians grammarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 6 humanists humanist NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 8 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 10 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 12 printers printer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 14 lecturers lecturer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 16 musicians musician NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 18 astronomers astronomer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 20 architects architect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 22 academics academic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 24 artists artist NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 26 scribes scribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 28 philosophers philosopher NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 30 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 32 politicians politician NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 34 theologians theologian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 281 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 2 82][better 82][better CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 4 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 6 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 8 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 9 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 12 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 14 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 15 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 16 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 18 accumulated accumulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 19 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 22 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 24 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 26 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 282 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 4 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 5 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 8 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 9 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 10 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 12 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 15 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 17 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 19 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 22 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 25 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 26 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 28 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 31 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 32 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 35 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 38 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 283 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 4 Renaming rename VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 7 city[edit city[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 9 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 10 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 12 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 13 transliteration transliteration NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 16 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 18 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 20 Qosṭanṭīniyye Qosṭanṭīniyye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 24 القسطنطينية القسطنطينية NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 26 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 27 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 28 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 31 Kostantiniyye Kostantiniyye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 36 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 38 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 40 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 41 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 42 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 284 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 1 Islambol Islambol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 3 اسلامبول اسلامبول JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 5 Full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 7 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 10 Islambul Islambul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 12 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 13 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 16 Islam(b)ol Islam(b)ol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 18 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 19 Turkic Turkic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 22 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 25 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 27 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 28 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 31 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 33 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 34 adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 36 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 37 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 38 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 40 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 41 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 43 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 45 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 47 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 48 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 49 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 50 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 53 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 56 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 57 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 58 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 285 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 3 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 4 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 5 shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 8 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 12 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 14 ascribed ascribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 17 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 18 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 20 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 21 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 22 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 286 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 5 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 7 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 9 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 12 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 15 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 16 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 17 īs īs VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 18 tīmbolī(n tīmbolī(n NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 21 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 23 εἰς εἰς NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 24 τὴν τὴν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 25 πόλιν πόλιν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 27 translit translit VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 287 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 1 eis eis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 2 tēn tēn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 3 pólin pólin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 8 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 15 claimed claim VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 19 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 20 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 21 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 23 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 24 populace populace NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 27 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 29 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 31 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 288 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 3 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 5 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 7 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 8 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 11 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 13 1930 1930 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 16 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 17 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 18 Postal Postal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 19 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 21 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 23 Atatürk Atatürk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 25 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 289 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 2 85][86][87 85][86][87 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 5 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 6 fiction[edit fiction[edit , en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 8 Lew Lew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 9 Wallace Wallace NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 12 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 14 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 18 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 19 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 20 Fell Fell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 290 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 4 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 6 Brothers Brothers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 7 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 9 1893 1893 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 291 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 2 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 3 Mika Mika NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 4 Waltari Waltari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 7 Dark Dark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 8 Angel Angel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 10 Original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 11 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 12 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 13 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 15 1952 1952 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 292 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 4 Finnish Finnish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 6 Naomi Naomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 7 Walford Walford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 9 pub pub NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 293 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 3 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 6 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 8 Putnam Putnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 10 1953 1953 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 11 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 12 Sandham Sandham NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 14 Porphyry Porphyry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 16 Ash Ash NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 294 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 1 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 2 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 4 Johnston Johnston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 5 Fleming Fleming NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 8 Muharem Muharem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 9 Bazdulj Bazdulj NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 12 Bridge Bridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 14 Landz Landz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 17 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 18 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 20 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 295 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 3 Bosnian Bosnian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 5 Oleg Oleg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 6 Andric Andric NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 8 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 9 Wachtel Wachtel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 11 pub pub NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 296 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 3 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 5 Evanston Evanston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 7 Northwestern Northwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 9 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 11 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 12 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 13 Novo Novo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 15 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 17 Cities Cities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 19 Seattle Seattle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 21 Coffeetown Coffeetown NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 22 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 24 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 25 Jack Jack NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 26 Hight Hight NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 28 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 297 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 4 Murray Murray NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 5 Publisher Publisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 6 Ltd Ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 9 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 10 Shipman Shipman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 12 Constantinopolis Constantinopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 14 Amazon Amazon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 15 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 16 Services Services NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 18 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 298 19 C.C. C.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 299 1 Humphreys humphrey NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 299 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 299 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 299 4 Place Place NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 299 5 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 299 6 Armageddon Armageddon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 299 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 3 Orion orion NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 6 Emanuele Emanuele NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 7 Rizzardi Rizzardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 9 L'ultimo L'ultimo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 10 Paleologo Paleologo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 300 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 1 PubMe PubMe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 2 Editore Editore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 5 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 6 Bellairs Bellairs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 9 Trolley Trolley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 11 Yesterday Yesterday NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 12 Dial Dial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 14 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 15 Kiersten Kiersten NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 16 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 20 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 22 Saga Saga NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 25 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 26 Stefan Stefan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 27 Zweig Zweig NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 30 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 31 Eroberung Eroberung NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 32 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 33 Byzanz Byzanz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 35 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 37 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 42 Sternstunden Sternstunden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 43 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 44 Menschheit Menschheit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 46 Decisive Decisive NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 47 Moments Moments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 49 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 53 1927 1927 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 54 Primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 55 sources[edit sources[edit , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 56 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 57 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 59 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 61 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 63 Marios Marios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 64 Philippides Philippides NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 66 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 67 Hanak Hanak NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 68 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 69 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 70 eyewitness eyewitness NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 71 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 72 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 73 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 74 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 75 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 76 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 77 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 80 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 81 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 82 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 83 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 84 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 85 eyewitness eyewitness JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 86 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 88 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 89 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 90 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 301 91 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 4 Eyewitness eyewitness NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 5 accounts[edit accounts[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 7 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 8 Şems Şems NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 9 el el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 11 Mille Mille NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 12 ve'd ve'd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 13 Din Din NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 15 Sufi Sufi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 16 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 17 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 19 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 21 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 24 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 25 Tursun Tursun NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 26 Beg Beg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 28 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 30 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 31 entitled entitle VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 32 Tarih Tarih NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 34 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 35 Abu'l Abu'l NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 36 Fath Fath NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 37 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 38 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 41 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 42 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 43 eyewitness eyewitness NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 44 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 45 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 46 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 47 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 49 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 50 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 51 laconic laconic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 52 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 53 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 54 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 55 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 56 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 57 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 58 narrative narrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 59 Nicolò Nicolò NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 60 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 62 physician physician NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 63 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 64 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 65 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 66 galley galley NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 67 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 68 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 69 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 70 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 71 Angelino Angelino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 72 Giovanni Giovanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 73 Lomellini Lomellini NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 75 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 76 podestà podestà NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 78 Pera Pera NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 79 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 80 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 81 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 82 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 83 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 84 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 85 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 86 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 87 Jacopo Jacopo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 88 Tetaldi Tetaldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 89 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 90 Florentine Florentine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 91 merchant merchant NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 92 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 93 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 95 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 96 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 97 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 98 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 99 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 100 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 101 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 102 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 103 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 104 Kiev Kiev NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 106 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 107 churchman churchman NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 108 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 109 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 110 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 111 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 112 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 113 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 114 Benvenuto Benvenuto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 115 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 116 Anconitan Anconitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 117 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 118 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 119 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 120 Ubertino Ubertino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 121 Puscolo Puscolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 122 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 123 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 124 poet poet NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 125 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 126 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 127 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 128 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 129 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 130 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 131 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 132 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 133 epic epic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 134 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 135 Eparkhos Eparkhos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 136 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 137 Diplovatatzes Diplovatatzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 138 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 139 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 140 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 141 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 142 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 143 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 144 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 145 garbled garble VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 146 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 147 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 148 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 149 Nestor Nestor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 150 Iskander Iskander NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 151 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 152 youthful youthful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 153 eyewitness eyewitness NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 154 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 155 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 156 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 157 Slavonic slavonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 158 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 159 Samile Samile NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 160 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 161 Vladik Vladik NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 162 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 163 bishop bishop NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 164 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 165 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 166 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 167 Eparkhos Eparkhos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 168 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 169 Diplovatatzes Diplovatatzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 170 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 171 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 172 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 173 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 174 refugee refugee NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 175 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 176 Wallachia Wallachia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 177 Konstantin Konstantin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 178 Mihailović Mihailović NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 179 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 180 Serbian Serbian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 181 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 182 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 183 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 184 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 185 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 186 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 187 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 188 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 189 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 190 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 191 Franciscan franciscan JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 192 prisoners prisoner NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 193 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 194 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 195 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 196 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 197 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 198 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 199 Bologna Bologna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 200 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 201 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 202 eyewitness eyewitness JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 203 accounts[edit accounts[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 204 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 205 Doukas Doukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 206 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 207 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 208 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 209 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 210 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 211 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 212 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 213 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 214 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 215 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 216 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 217 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 218 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 219 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 220 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 221 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 222 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 223 eventual eventual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 224 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 225 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 226 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 227 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 228 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 229 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 230 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 231 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 232 Laonikos Laonikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 233 Chalkokondyles Chalkokondyles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 234 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 235 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 236 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 237 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 238 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 239 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 240 Kritoboulos Kritoboulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 241 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 242 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 243 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 244 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 245 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 246 Makarios Makarios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 247 Melissourgos Melissourgos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 248 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 249 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 250 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 251 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 252 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 253 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 254 augmented augment VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 255 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 256 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 257 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 258 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 259 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 260 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 261 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 262 reliably reliably RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 263 Paolo Paolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 264 Dotti Dotti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 265 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 266 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 267 official official NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 268 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 269 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 270 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 271 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 272 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 273 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 274 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 275 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 276 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 277 Fra Fra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 278 Girolamo Girolamo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 279 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 280 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 281 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 282 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 283 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 284 Domenico Domenico NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 285 Capranica Capranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 286 Lauro Lauro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 287 Quirini Quirini NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 288 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 289 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 290 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 291 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 292 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 293 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 294 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 295 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 296 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 297 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 298 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 299 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 300 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 301 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 302 Aeneas Aeneas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 303 Silvius Silvius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 304 Piccolomini Piccolomini NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 305 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 306 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 307 Pius Pius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 308 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 309 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 310 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 311 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 312 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 313 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 314 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 315 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 316 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 317 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 318 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 319 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 320 Soemmern Soemmern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 321 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 322 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 323 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 324 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 325 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 326 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 327 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 328 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 329 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 330 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 331 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 332 cites cite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 333 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 334 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 335 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 336 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 337 Niccola Niccola NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 338 della della NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 339 Tuccia Tuccia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 340 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 341 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 342 Cronaca Cronaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 343 di di FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 344 Viterbo Viterbo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 345 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 346 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 347 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 348 autumn autumn NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 349 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 350 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 351 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 352 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 353 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 354 Niccolò Niccolò NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 355 Tignosi Tignosi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 356 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 357 Foligno Foligno NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 358 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 359 Expugnatio Expugnatio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 360 Constantinopolitana Constantinopolitana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 361 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 362 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 363 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 364 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 365 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 366 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 367 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 368 friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 369 Filippo Filippo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 370 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 371 Rimini Rimini NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 372 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 373 Excidium Excidium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 374 Constantinopolitanae Constantinopolitanae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 375 urbis urbis JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 376 quae quae RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 377 quondam quondam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 378 Bizantium Bizantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 379 ferebatur ferebatur NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 380 Antonio Antonio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 381 Ivani Ivani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 382 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 383 Sarzana Sarzana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 384 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 385 Expugnatio Expugnatio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 386 Constantinopolitana Constantinopolitana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 387 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 388 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 389 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 390 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 391 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 392 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 393 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 394 duke duke NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 395 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 396 Urbino Urbino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 397 Nikolaos Nikolaos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 398 Sekoundinos Sekoundinos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 399 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 400 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 401 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 402 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 403 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 404 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 405 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 406 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 407 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 408 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 409 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 410 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 411 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 412 Neapolitan Neapolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 413 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 414 Giacomo Giacomo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 415 Languschi Languschi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 416 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 417 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 418 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 419 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 420 embedded embed VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 421 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 422 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 423 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 424 chronicle chronicle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 425 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 426 Zorzi Zorzi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 427 Dolfin Dolfin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 428 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 429 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 430 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 431 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 432 eyewitnesses eyewitness NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 433 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 434 Moskhos Moskhos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 435 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 436 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 437 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 438 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 439 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 440 honour honour NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 441 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 442 Loukas Loukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 443 Notaras Notaras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 444 Adamo Adamo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 445 di di IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 446 Montaldo Montaldo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 447 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 448 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 449 Constantinopolitano Constantinopolitano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 450 excidio excidio NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 451 ad ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 452 nobilissimum nobilissimum JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 453 iuvenem iuvenem NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 454 Melladucam Melladucam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 455 Cicadam Cicadam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 456 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 457 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 458 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 459 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 460 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 461 Ashikpashazade Ashikpashazade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 462 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 463 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 464 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 465 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 466 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 467 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 468 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 469 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 470 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 471 Tarih Tarih NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 472 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 473 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 474 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 475 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 476 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 477 Osman[89 Osman[89 '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 478 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 479 Neshri Neshri NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 480 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 481 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 482 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 483 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 484 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 485 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 486 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 487 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 488 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 489 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 490 history[89 history[89 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 491 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 492 Evliya Evliya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 493 Çelebi Çelebi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 494 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 495 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 496 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 497 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 498 traveller traveller NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 499 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 500 collected collect VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 501 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 502 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 503 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 504 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 505 conquest[89 conquest[89 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 506 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 507 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 508 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 509 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 510 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 511 Exaggerated exaggerated JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 512 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 513 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 514 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 515 ranged range VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 516 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 517 160,000 160,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 518 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 519 300,000 300,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 302 520 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 2 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 3 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 4 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 7 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 8 preparing prepare VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 11 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 17 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 19 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 20 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 21 Turakhan Turakhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 24 latter latter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 26 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 27 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 29 Ahmed Ahmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 30 Beg Beg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 32 Omar Omar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 33 Beg Beg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 36 invade invade VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 38 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 41 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 42 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 43 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 44 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 45 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 47 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 49 despots despot NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 50 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 52 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 53 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 54 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 55 aid aid NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 56 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 57 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 58 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 303 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 2 18]:146 18]:146 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 3 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 6 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 8 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 9 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 11 ordered order VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 13 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 15 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 18 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 20 appalled appal VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 23 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 25 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 26 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 27 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 29 bearing bear VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 30 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 31 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 32 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 35 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 36 4,983 4,983 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 304 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 1 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 2 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 3 Chio Chio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 4 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 8 6,000 6,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 9 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 305 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 2 21]:85 21]:85 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 3 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 5 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 6 Cristóbal Cristóbal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 7 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 8 Villalón Villalón NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 9 claims claim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 12 ' ' CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 13 60,000 60,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 14 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 15 households household NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 17 40,000 40,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 18 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 20 Armenian armenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 22 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 23 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 306 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 2 21]:85 21]:85 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 3 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 5 expert expert NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 8 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 11 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 13 Ciriaco Ciriaco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 14 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 15 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 16 Pizzicolli Pizzicolli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 19 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 21 Ciriaco Ciriaco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 23 Ancona Ancona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 26 traveler traveler NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 28 collector collector NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 30 antiquities antiquity NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 307 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 5 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 6 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 10 Genoese genoese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 11 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 12 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 15 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 17 joined join VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 20 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 21 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 22 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 23 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 26 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 27 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 30 foraging forage VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 31 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 33 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 34 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 37 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 39 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 41 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 42 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 43 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 45 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 308 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 2 21]:100 21]:100 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 4 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 5 speculates speculate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 11 Scottish[21]:84 Scottish[21]:84 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 13 Original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 14 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 16 Τὸ Τὸ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 17 δὲ δὲ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 18 τὴν τὴν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 19 πόλιν πόλιν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 20 σοῖ σοῖ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 21 δοῦναι δοῦναι NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 22 οὔτ οὔτ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 23 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 24 ἐμὸν ἐμὸν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 25 ἐστίν ἐστίν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 26 οὔτ οὔτ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 27 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 28 ἄλλου ἄλλου NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 29 τῶν τῶν NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 30 κατοικούντων κατοικούντων NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 31 ἐν ἐν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 32 ταύτῃ• ταύτῃ• NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 33 κοινῇ κοινῇ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 34 γὰρ γὰρ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 35 γνώμῃ γνώμῃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 36 πάντες πάντες NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 37 αὐτοπροαιρέτως αὐτοπροαιρέτως NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 38 ἀποθανοῦμεν ἀποθανοῦμεν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 39 καὶ καὶ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 40 οὐ οὐ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 41 φεισόμεθα φεισόμεθα NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 42 τῆς τῆς NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 43 ζωῆς ζωῆς NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 44 ἡμῶν ἡμῶν NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 309 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 4 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 5 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 6 hostile hostile JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 7 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 9 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 14 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 15 Nicolò Nicolò NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 16 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 19 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 21 report report VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 23 Longo Longo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 25 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 26 lightly lightly RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 27 wounded wound VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 30 wounded wound VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 31 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 32 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 34 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 36 overwhelmed overwhelm VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 38 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 40 simulated simulate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 42 wound wound NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 44 abandon abandon VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 46 battlefield battlefield NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 48 determining determine VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 50 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 53 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 310 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 2 charges charge NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 4 cowardice cowardice NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 6 treason treason NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 8 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 9 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 12 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 14 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 17 deny deny VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 20 sending send VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 21 diplomatic diplomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 22 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 25 Chancelleries Chancelleries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 27 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 29 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 32 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 34 Burgundy Burgundy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 36 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 311 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 2 54]:296–297 54]:296–297 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 3 Giustiniani Giustiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 5 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 7 Chios Chios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 9 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 10 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 11 succumbed succumb VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 14 wounds wound NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 16 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 17 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 18 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 312 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 2 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 3 added add VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 5 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 8 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 10 heroic heroic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 11 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 12 moments moment NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 15 diary diary NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 16 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 18 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 19 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 20 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 21 afterward afterward RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 313 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 4 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 5 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 6 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 8 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 11 accidental accidental JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 12 encounter encounter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 14 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 15 marines marine NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 17 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 18 further far RBR en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 21 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 23 presumably presumably RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 24 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 25 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 26 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 27 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 30 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 32 Marmara Marmara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 34 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 36 escape escape VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 38 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 314 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 2 30][page 30][page CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 7 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 9 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 11 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 13 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 15 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 16 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 19 cataclysmic cataclysmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 20 Kuwae Kuwae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 21 volcanic volcanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 22 eruption eruption NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 25 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 26 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 315 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 3 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 5 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 10 optical optical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 11 illusion illusion NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 12 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 15 reflection reflection NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 17 intensely intensely RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 18 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 19 twilight twilight NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 20 glow glow VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 22 clouds cloud NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 24 volcanic volcanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 25 ash ash NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 26 high high RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 29 atmosphere atmosphere NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 316 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 4 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 6 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 8 İstanbul'un İstanbul'un NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 9 fethinde fethinde NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 10 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 11 Türk Türk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 12 askeri askeri NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 14 Fatih'e Fatih'e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 15 karşı karşı NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 16 savaştı savaştı NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 18 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 19 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 21 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 23 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 24 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 25 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 26 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 27 Fought Fought NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 28 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 30 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 317 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 318 1 Osmanlı Osmanlı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 318 2 Arauştırmalarlı Arauştırmalarlı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 318 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 318 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 318 5 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 318 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 318 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 319 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 320 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 320 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 320 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 320 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 320 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 2 Nicol Nicol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 4 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 321 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 2 Immortal Immortal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 3 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 6 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 8 Legend Legend NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 10 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 11 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 13 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 14 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 17 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 322 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 323 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 323 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 323 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 323 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 324 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 324 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 324 3 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 324 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 9 89409 89409 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 325 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 326 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 327 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 327 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 327 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 327 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 327 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 4 Nicolle Nicolle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 9 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 328 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 329 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 329 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 329 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 329 4 Mansel Mansel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 329 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 329 6 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 329 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 2 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 4 City city NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 9 Desire Desire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 10 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 11 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 12 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 330 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 331 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 331 2 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 331 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 332 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 333 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 333 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 333 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 333 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 333 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 4 M.J M.J NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 5 Akbar Akbar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 7 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 8 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 9 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 334 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 2 Shade Shade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 4 Swords Swords NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 6 Jihad Jihad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 9 Conflict Conflict NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 10 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 11 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 13 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 335 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 336 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 336 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 337 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 337 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 337 3 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 337 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 9 45259 45259 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 338 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 339 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 340 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 340 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 340 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 340 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 340 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 2 30,000 30,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 3 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 5 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 6 enslaved enslave VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 8 sold sell VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 341 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 3 Σαν σαν VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 4 σήμερα σήμερα JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 6 έπεσε έπεσε NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 8 η η NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 9 Κωσταντινούπολη Κωσταντινούπολη NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 342 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 343 1 NewsIT NewsIT NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 343 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 344 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 344 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 344 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 344 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 2 Momigliano Momigliano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 4 Schiavone Schiavone NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 9 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 12 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 13 Storia Storia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 14 di di FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 15 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 20 XXI XXI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 21 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 22 Frantzes Frantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 24 Georgios Georgios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 26 Melisseidis Melisseidis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 28 Melisseides Melisseides NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 31 Ioannis Ioannis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 33 Ioannes Ioannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 35 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 37 Zavolea Zavolea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 39 Melissidi Melissidi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 41 Pulcheria Pulcheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 43 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 345 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 1 Εάλω Εάλω NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 2 η η NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 3 ΠόλιςΤ•ο ΠόλιςΤ•ο NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 4 χρονικό χρονικό VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 5 της της NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 6 άλωσης άλωσης NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 7 της της NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 8 Κωνσταντινούπολης κωνσταντινούπολης UH en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 10 Συνοπτική Συνοπτική NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 11 ιστορία ιστορία NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 12 των των NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 13 γεγονότων γεγονότων VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 14 στην στην JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 15 Κωνσταντινούπολη Κωνσταντινούπολη NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 16 κατά κατά NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 17 την την NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 18 περίοδο περίοδο NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 19 1440 1440 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 21 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 22 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 24 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 26 Fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 28 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 31 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 33 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 35 Concise concise VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 36 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 38 Events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 40 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 43 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 44 1440–1453 1440–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 48 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 51 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 52 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 346 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 1 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 3 Vergina Vergina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 4 Asimakopouli Asimakopouli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 5 Bros. Bros. NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 6 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 8 9607171918 9607171918 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 347 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 2 Foster Foster NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 8 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 348 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 3 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 8 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 10 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 349 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 350 1 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 350 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 350 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 351 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 4 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 7 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 8 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 10 ^ ^ VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 13 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 352 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 353 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 353 2 Economist Economist NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 353 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 354 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 354 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 354 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 354 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 355 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 356 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 356 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 356 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 356 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 356 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 10 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 11 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 12 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 13 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 14 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 15 n n NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 16 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 17 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 19 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 20 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 22 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 357 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 358 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 358 2 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 358 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 358 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 358 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 358 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 359 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 359 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 359 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 359 4 Vintage Vintage NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 359 5 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 359 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 360 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 360 2 Madden Madden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 360 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 360 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 360 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 360 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 360 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 360 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 361 1 Crusades crusade NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 361 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 361 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 361 4 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 361 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 361 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 362 1 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 362 2 Arbor Arbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 362 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 362 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 362 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 362 6 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 362 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 363 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 363 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 363 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 363 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 363 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 363 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 363 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 363 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 364 1 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 364 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 364 3 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 364 4 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 364 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 364 6 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 364 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 365 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 365 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 365 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 365 4 Osprey Osprey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 365 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 4 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 6 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 366 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 367 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 367 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 367 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 367 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 367 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 367 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 368 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 368 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 368 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 368 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 368 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 368 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 368 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 369 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 369 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 369 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 369 4 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 369 5 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 369 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 369 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 6 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 370 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 4 2008.CS1 2008.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 5 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 7 BOT bot NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 9 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 11 url url NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 12 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 13 unknown unknown NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 15 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 18 Channel Channel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 19 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 21 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 371 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 372 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 372 2 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 372 3 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 372 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 373 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 373 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 373 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 373 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 373 5 Bosphorus Bosphorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 373 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 373 7 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 1 Bosporus Bosporus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 4 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 6 Kuleli Kuleli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 10 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 374 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 375 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 375 2 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 375 3 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 375 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 376 1 1890–1900 1890–1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 376 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 377 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 378 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 378 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 378 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 378 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 378 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 2 Setton Setton NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 4 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 7 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 379 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 2 Papacy Papacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 5 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 7 1204–1571 1204–1571 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 11 Fifteenth Fifteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 12 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 380 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 381 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 381 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 382 1 DJane DJane NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 382 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 382 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 5 87169 87169 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 7 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 383 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 4 Kritovoulos Kritovoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 6 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 8 1954 1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 384 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 385 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 385 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 385 3 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 385 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 385 5 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 385 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 3 Riggs Riggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 6 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 7 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 9 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 11 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 12 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 13 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 386 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 387 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 387 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 387 3 9780691197906 9780691197906 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 387 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 388 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 389 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 389 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 389 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 389 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 389 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 390 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 390 2 Crowley Crowley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 390 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 390 4 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 390 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 390 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 390 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 390 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 1 1453 1453 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 4 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 5 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 10 Clash Clash NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 12 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 391 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 392 1 Hachette Hachette NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 392 2 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 392 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 7 4013 4013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 9 0558 0558 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 393 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 10 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 11 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 12 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 13 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 14 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 15 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 16 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 17 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 18 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 19 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 20 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 21 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 22 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 24 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 26 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 394 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 2 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 6 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 8 Canto Canto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 395 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 396 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 396 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 396 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 396 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 396 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 396 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 396 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 396 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 397 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 397 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 397 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 397 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 397 5 0521398329 0521398329 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 397 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 6 Nicol Nicol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 8 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 11 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 398 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 2 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 3 Centuries Centuries NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 7 1261–1453 1261–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 9 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 399 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 400 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 400 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 400 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 400 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 400 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 400 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 2 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 4 Thackeray Thackeray NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 7 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 8 Findling Findling NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 10 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 11 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 401 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 402 1 Events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 402 2 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 402 3 Formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 402 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 402 5 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 402 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 402 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 403 1 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 403 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 403 3 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 403 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 404 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 404 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 404 3 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 404 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 7 59884 59884 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 9 901 901 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 405 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 406 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 407 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 407 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 407 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 407 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 407 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 3 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 4 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 8 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 408 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 409 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 409 2 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 409 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 409 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 409 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 409 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 410 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 410 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 410 3 Limited Limited NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 410 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 411 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 411 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 411 3 453 453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 411 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 9 192859 192859 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 412 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 413 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 414 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 414 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 414 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 414 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 414 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 1 Constantine constantine NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 2 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 3 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 4 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 5 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 8 ambassadors ambassador NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 10 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 13 spot spot NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 415 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 2 Kathie Kathie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 3 Somerwil Somerwil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 5 Ayrton Ayrton NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 416 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 2 Train train NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 4 Disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 9 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 13 Bagdad Bagdad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 14 Railway Railway NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 16 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 18 Led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 21 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 22 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 417 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 418 1 Uitgeverij Uitgeverij NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 418 2 Aspekt Aspekt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 418 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 419 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 419 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 419 3 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 419 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 7 5911 5911 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 9 573 573 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 420 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 421 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 422 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 422 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 422 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 422 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 422 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 3 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 6 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 7 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 9 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 11 ambassadors ambassador NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 14 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 16 conciliate conciliate VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 20 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 22 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 24 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 25 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 27 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 423 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 1 Civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 4 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 6 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 8 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 424 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 425 1 CRM CRM NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 425 2 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 425 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 426 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 426 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 426 3 391 391 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 426 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 3 obvious obvious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 5 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 7 messages message NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 9 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 11 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 14 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 17 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 18 ambassador ambassador NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 19 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 427 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 2 Lars Lars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 3 Brownworth Brownworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 5 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 7 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 428 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 1 Lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 4 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 7 Forgotten Forgotten NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 8 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 10 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 11 Rescued rescue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 12 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 13 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 429 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 430 1 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 430 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 431 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 431 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 431 3 291 291 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 431 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 7 307 307 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 9 46241 46241 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 432 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 2 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 3 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 4 emissaries emissary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 6 remind remind VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 7 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 9 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 11 breaking break VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 13 oath oath NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 16 implore implore VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 17 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 20 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 21 spare spare VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 23 neighboring neighboring NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 24 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 26 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 27 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 29 ambassadors ambassador NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 30 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 433 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 5 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 7 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 434 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 1 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 4 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 6 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 7 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 10 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 435 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 436 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 436 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 436 3 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 436 4 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 436 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 436 6 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 436 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 437 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 437 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 437 3 9780670823772 9780670823772 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 437 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 2 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 3 Spilling Spilling NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 6 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 8 Battles Battles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 9 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 10 Changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 11 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 13 Key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 14 Battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 15 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 16 Decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 18 Fate Fate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 20 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 22 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 24 Amber Amber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 25 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 26 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 27 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 29 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 30 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 438 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 10 Nicolle Nicolle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 12 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 14 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 439 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 1 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 2 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 5 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 7 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 9 Campaign Campaign NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 440 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 441 1 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 441 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 442 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 442 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 442 3 Osprey Osprey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 442 4 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 442 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 5 84176 84176 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 7 091 091 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 443 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 6 Pertusi Pertusi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 8 Agostino Agostino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 10 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 444 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 445 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 445 2 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 445 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 445 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 1 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 2 Caduta Caduta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 3 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 4 Costantinopoli Costantinopoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 8 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 9 testimonianze testimonianze NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 10 dei dei NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 11 contemporanei contemporanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 12 scrittori scrittori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 13 greci greci NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 14 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 15 latini latini NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 18 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 22 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 25 Testimony Testimony NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 28 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 29 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 31 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 32 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 36 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 446 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 447 1 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 447 2 Verona Verona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 447 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 447 4 Fondazione Fondazione NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 447 5 Lorenzo Lorenzo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 447 6 Valla Valla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 447 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 2 Lanning Lanning NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 5 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 448 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 2 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 3 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 6 Stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 7 Behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 10 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 11 Influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 12 Battles Battles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 449 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 1 Sourcebooks Sourcebooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 3 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 4 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 8 4022 4022 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 10 2475 2475 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 12 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 450 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 451 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 451 2 İnalcıkt İnalcıkt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 451 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 451 4 Halil Halil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 451 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 451 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 451 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 451 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 1 Osmanlı Osmanlı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 2 İmparatorluğu İmparatorluğu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 3 Klasik Klasik NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 4 Çağ Çağ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 6 1300–1600 1300–1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 10 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 14 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 15 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 17 1300–1600 1300–1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 452 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 3 Itzkouritz Itzkouritz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 5 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 7 Imber Imber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 9 Colin Colin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 453 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 454 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 454 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 454 3 Orion orion NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 454 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 6 Nicolò Nicolò NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 7 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 9 Giornale Giornale NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 10 dell'Assedio dell'Assedio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 11 di di FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 12 Costantinopoli Costantinopoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 14 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 455 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 2 autograph autograph NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 3 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 5 conserved conserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 8 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 9 Marciana Marciana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 11 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 456 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 1 Barbaro Barbaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 3 diary diary NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 6 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 11 Melville Melville NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 13 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 15 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 16 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 18 Exposition Exposition NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 19 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 21 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 23 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 25 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 28 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 30 Concasty Concasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 32 M.-L. M.-L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 34 Les Les NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 36 Informations information NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 38 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 39 Jacques Jacques NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 40 Tedaldi Tedaldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 41 sur sur FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 42 le le NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 43 siège siège NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 44 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 45 la la JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 46 prise prise NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 47 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 48 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 49 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 51 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 52 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 54 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 457 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 1 Οικτρός Οικτρός NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 2 Γεώργιος Γεώργιος NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 3 ο ο NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 4 Φραντζής Φραντζής NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 5 ο ο PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 6 και και NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 7 Πρωτοβεσιαρίτης Πρωτοβεσιαρίτης NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 8 Γρηγόριος Γρηγόριος NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 9 τάχα τάχα NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 10 μοναχός μοναχός NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 11 ταύτα ταύτα NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 12 έγραψεν έγραψεν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 13 υπέρ υπέρ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 14 των των NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 15 καθ καθ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 16 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 17 αυτών αυτών NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 18 και και NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 19 τινων τινων NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 20 μερικών μερικών NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 21 γεγονότων γεγονότων NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 22 εν εν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 23 τώ τώ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 24 της της NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 25 αθλίας αθλίας NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 26 ζωής ζωής NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 27 αυτε αυτε VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 28 χρόνω χρόνω NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 29 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 31 Pitiful Pitiful NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 32 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 33 Frantzes Frantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 34 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 35 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 36 Protovestiaros Protovestiaros NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 38 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 40 Monk Monk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 42 Wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 43 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 44 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 46 Βetterment Βetterment NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 48 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 51 Recompense Recompense NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 53 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 54 Deeds deed NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 56 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 57 Miserable miserable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 58 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 60 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 61 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 62 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 64 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 65 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 458 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 5 Rutheniae Rutheniae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 7 Isidorus Isidorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 10 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 11 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 459 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 2 Epistola Epistola NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 3 reverendissimi reverendissimi NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 4 patris patris NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 5 domini domini NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 6 Isidori Isidori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 7 cardinalis cardinalis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 8 Ruteni Ruteni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 9 scripta scripta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 10 ad ad NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 11 reverendissimum reverendissimum NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 12 dominum dominum NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 13 Bisarionem Bisarionem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 14 episcopum episcopum VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 15 Tusculanum Tusculanum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 16 ac ac IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 17 cardinalem cardinalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 18 Nicenum Nicenum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 19 Bononiaeque Bononiaeque NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 20 legatum legatum NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 21 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 22 Letter Letter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 25 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 26 Reverend Reverend NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 27 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 28 Father Father NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 29 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 31 Ruthenia Ruthenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 33 Cardinal Cardinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 35 Written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 38 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 39 Reverend Reverend NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 40 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 41 Bessarion Bessarion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 42 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 44 Tusculum Tusculum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 46 Cardinal Cardinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 48 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 50 Bologna Bologna NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 52 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 55 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 460 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 461 1 Letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 461 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 461 3 Bisarion Bisarion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 461 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 8 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 10 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 11 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 12 Chio Chio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 14 Letter Letter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 16 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 17 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 18 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 20 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 21 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 22 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 23 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 25 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 27 J.-P. J.-P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 28 Migne Migne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 30 Patrologia Patrologia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 31 Graeca Graeca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 33 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 462 35 923A–944B. 923a–944b. CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 1 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 2 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 3 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 4 Chio Chio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 6 Letter,927B Letter,927B NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 10 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 11 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 13 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 463 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 2 Ubertino Ubertino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 3 Pusculo Pusculo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 5 Constantinopolis Constantinopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 7 1464 1464 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 8 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 9 Leonardo Leonardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 10 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 11 Chio Chio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 13 Letter Letter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 464 15 930C. 930c. CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 5 Steele Steele NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 7 Brett Brett NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 8 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 10 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 465 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 2 Heirs Heirs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 4 Archimedes Archimedes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 6 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 9 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 11 War war NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 12 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 14 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 16 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 466 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 467 1 MIT MIT NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 467 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 467 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 468 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 468 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 468 3 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 468 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 469 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 469 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 469 3 9780262195164 9780262195164 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 469 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 470 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 471 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 471 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 471 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 471 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 471 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 5 Hammer Hammer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 7 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 8 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 472 9 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 473 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 473 2 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 473 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 473 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 474 1 Warfare warfare NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 474 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 474 3 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 474 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 474 5 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 474 6 1450–1660 1450–1660 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 474 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 475 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 475 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 476 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 476 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 476 3 511 511 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 476 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 477 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 477 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 477 3 9781351873765 9781351873765 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 477 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 478 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 479 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 479 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 479 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 479 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 479 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 480 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 480 2 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 480 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 480 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 480 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 480 6 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 480 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 480 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 481 1 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 481 2 Decisive Decisive NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 481 3 Battles Battles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 481 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 482 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 482 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 483 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 483 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 483 3 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 483 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 9 514366 514366 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 484 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 2 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 7 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 11 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 485 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 486 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 486 2 Economist Economist NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 486 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 487 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 487 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 487 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 487 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 488 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 489 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 489 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 489 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 489 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 489 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 490 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 490 2 Crowley Crowley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 490 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 490 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 490 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 490 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 490 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 490 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 1 150–154 150–154 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 3 Marios Marios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 4 Philippides Philippides NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 6 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 7 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 8 Hanak Hanak NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 11 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 14 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 18 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 21 Ashgate Ashgate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 22 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 24 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 27 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 491 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 2 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 3 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 4 Chartier Chartier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 6 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 8 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 9 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 11 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 13 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 15 MS MS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 16 Bnf Bnf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 17 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 18 2691 2691 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 20 f. f. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 21 246v 246v NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 22 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 23 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 25 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 26 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 27 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 28 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 31 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 32 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 33 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 34 Marios Marios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 35 Philippides Philippides NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 37 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 38 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 40 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 43 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 46 Franco Franco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 48 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 49 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 52 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 53 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 54 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 55 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 56 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 57 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 59 Testimonies Testimonies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 62 ACMRS ACMRS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 63 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 64 Arizona Arizona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 65 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 66 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 67 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 69 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 70 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 72 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 75 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 492 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 493 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 493 2 Crowley Crowley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 493 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 493 4 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 493 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 1 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 4 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 5 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 10 clash clash NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 12 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 494 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 4 Hyperion Hyperion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 495 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 496 1 168–171 168–171 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 496 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 5 4013 4013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 7 0850 0850 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 497 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 3 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 4 Μαϊου μαϊου NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 5 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 7 Όταν Όταν NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 9 η η NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 10 Πόλις Πόλις NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 11 εάλω εάλω VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 12 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 14 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 15 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 16 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 17 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 19 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 21 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 22 Fell Fell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 23 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 498 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 499 1 iefemerida.com iefemerida.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2306 499 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 499 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 499 4 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 499 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 499 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 500 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 500 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 500 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 500 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 6 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 501 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 502 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 502 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 502 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 502 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 502 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 503 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 503 2 Vasiliev Vasiliev NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 503 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 503 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 503 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 503 6 1928 1928 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 503 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 503 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 8 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 504 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 505 1 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 505 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 506 1 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 506 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 3 Ragozin Ragozin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 5 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 6 Madison Madison NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 10 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 11 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 507 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 508 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 508 2 Desimoni Desimoni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 508 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 508 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 508 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 508 6 1874 1874 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 508 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 508 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 509 1 Adamo Adamo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 509 2 di di FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 509 3 Montaldo Montaldo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 509 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 1 Atti Atti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 2 della della NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 3 Società Società NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 4 Ligure Ligure NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 5 di di FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 6 Storia Storia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 7 Patria Patria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 9 Proceedings Proceedings NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 12 Ligurian Ligurian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 13 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 15 Homeland Homeland NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 16 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 20 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 510 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 511 1 X. X. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 511 2 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 511 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 2 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 5 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 8 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 12 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 13 Makers Makers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 14 magazine magazine NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 15 No no NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 512 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 3 Marshall Marshall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 4 Cavendish Cavendish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 6 Sidgwick Sidgwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 8 Jackson Jackson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 10 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 513 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 514 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 514 2 Reinert Reinert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 514 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 514 4 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 514 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 514 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 514 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 514 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 515 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 515 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 515 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 515 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 515 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 515 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 516 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 516 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 516 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 516 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 516 5 UP UP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 516 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 517 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 517 2 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 517 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 517 4 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 517 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 518 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 518 2 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 518 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 518 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 4 Rape Rape NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 6 Rape Rape NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 7 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 519 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 520 1 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 520 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 520 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 520 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 521 1 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-2306 521 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 522 1 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 522 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 522 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 522 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 522 5 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 522 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 523 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 524 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 524 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 524 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 524 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 524 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 2 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 3 Crowley Crowley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 5 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 6 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 7 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 525 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 1 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 4 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 5 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 6 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 8 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 526 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 527 1 Faber Faber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 527 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 527 3 Faber Faber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 527 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 528 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 528 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 528 3 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 528 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 7 571 571 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 9 25079 25079 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 529 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 2 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 3 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 6 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 7 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 8 - - : en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 9 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 10 30,000 30,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 11 - - : en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 13 marched march VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 14 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 17 slave slave NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 18 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 20 Edirne Edirne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 22 Bursa Bursa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 24 Ankara Ankara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 530 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 5 Jim Jim NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 6 Bradbury Bradbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 8 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 531 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 532 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 532 2 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 532 3 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 532 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 533 1 Boydell Boydell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 533 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 533 3 Brewer Brewer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 533 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 534 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 534 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 534 3 322 322 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 534 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 7 85115 85115 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 9 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 535 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 536 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 536 2 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 536 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 536 4 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 536 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 536 6 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 536 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 536 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 537 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 537 2 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 537 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 537 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 537 5 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 537 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 538 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 538 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 538 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 538 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 539 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 539 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 539 3 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 539 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 9 39832 39832 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 540 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 541 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 542 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 542 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 542 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 542 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 542 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 543 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 543 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 543 3 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 543 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 543 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 543 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 543 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 544 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 544 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 544 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 545 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 546 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 546 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 546 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 546 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 546 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 547 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 547 2 Nicolle Nicolle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 547 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 547 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 547 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 547 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 548 1 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 548 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 548 3 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 548 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 549 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2306 549 2 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 549 3 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 549 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 2 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 9 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 11 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 12 Sphrantzes Sphrantzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 13 1401–1477 1401–1477 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 550 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 551 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 551 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 551 3 Marios mario NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 551 4 Philippides Philippides NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 551 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 552 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 552 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 552 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 552 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 552 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 552 6 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 552 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 7 87023 87023 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 9 290 290 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 553 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 554 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 554 2 Kritovoulos Kritovoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 554 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 554 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 554 5 Kritoboulos Kritoboulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 554 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 554 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 555 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 555 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 555 3 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 555 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 555 5 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 555 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 556 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 556 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 556 3 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 556 4 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 556 5 Riggs Riggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 556 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 557 1 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 557 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 557 3 Reprint Reprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 557 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 557 5 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 557 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 7 8371 8371 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 9 3119 3119 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 558 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 559 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 559 2 Braude Braude NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 559 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 559 4 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 559 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 559 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 559 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 559 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 2 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 3 Myths Myths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 6 Millet Millet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 7 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 560 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 2 Braude Braude NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 4 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 6 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 8 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 561 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 562 1 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 562 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 562 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 562 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 562 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 562 6 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 562 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 562 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 563 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 563 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 564 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 564 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 564 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 564 4 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 564 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 564 6 Meier Meier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 564 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 565 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 565 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 566 1 69–90 69–90 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 566 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 567 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 567 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 567 3 0841905193 0841905193 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 567 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 568 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2306 568 2 Masters Masters NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 568 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 568 4 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 568 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 568 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 568 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 568 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 569 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 569 2 Millet Millet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 569 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 569 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 2 Ágoston Ágoston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 4 Gábor Gábor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 6 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 7 Masters Masters NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 9 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 570 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 571 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 571 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 571 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 571 4 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 571 5 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 571 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 572 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 572 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 573 1 383–384 383–384 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 573 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 4 Hyslop Hyslop NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 6 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 7 Garrison Garrison NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 9 Daniels Daniels NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 11 Patricia Patricia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 13 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 15 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 18 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 19 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 21 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 574 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 575 1 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 575 2 Empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 575 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 575 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 575 5 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 575 6 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 575 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 576 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 576 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 576 3 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 576 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 577 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 577 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 577 3 284 284 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 577 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 7 4262 4262 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 9 0829 0829 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 578 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 579 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 580 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 580 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 580 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 580 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 580 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 581 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 581 2 Volf Volf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 581 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 581 4 Miroslav Miroslav NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 581 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 581 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 581 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 581 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 2 Body body NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 3 counts count VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 6 dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 7 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 9 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 582 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 583 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 583 2 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 583 3 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 583 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 584 1 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 584 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 584 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 584 4 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 584 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 584 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 584 7 11–. 11–. CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 585 1 ISSN ISSN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 585 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 585 3 0009 0009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 585 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 585 5 5281 5281 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 585 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 586 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 587 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 587 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 587 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 587 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 587 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 4 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 7 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 9 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 588 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 589 1 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 589 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 589 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 589 4 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 589 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 589 6 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 589 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 590 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 590 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 590 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 590 4 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 590 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 590 6 Knopf Knopf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 590 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 5 679 679 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 7 41650 41650 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 591 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 2 Lowry Lowry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 4 Heath Heath NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 592 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 593 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 593 2 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 593 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 593 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 593 5 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 593 6 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 593 7 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 593 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 594 1 Albany Albany NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 594 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 594 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 594 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 594 5 SUNY SUNY NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 594 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 594 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 595 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 595 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 596 1 115–116 115–116 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 596 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 2 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 4 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 6 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 7 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 9 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 597 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 1 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 5 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 6 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 10 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 598 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 5 7156 7156 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 7 2418 2418 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 12 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 13 Argyropoulos Argyropoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 599 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 600 1 britannica.com britannica.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2306 600 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 601 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 602 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 602 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 602 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 602 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 602 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 5 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 7 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 8 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 603 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 8 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 604 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 605 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 605 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 605 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 605 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 605 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 606 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 606 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 606 3 Saving save VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 606 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 606 5 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 606 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 606 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 2 Fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 5 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 8 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 10 Putin Putin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 12 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 607 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 608 1 IWM iwm UH en-wikipedia-org-2306 608 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 609 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 609 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 609 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 609 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 610 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 611 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 611 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 611 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 611 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 611 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 2 Florescu Florescu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 4 McNally McNally NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 6 Dracula Dracula NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 9 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 11 Mucahit Mucahit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 12 Turetken Turetken NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 14 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 15 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 16 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 612 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 3 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 5 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 8 heralding heralding NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 11 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 12 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 613 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 614 1 Anadolu Anadolu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 614 2 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 614 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 2 Prophet Prophet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 3 Muhammad Muhammad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 5 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 8 hadiths hadith NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 10 prophetic prophetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 11 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 13 symbolize symbolize VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 15 ideal ideal NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 18 Verily verily RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 19 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 20 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 21 conquer conquer VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 22 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 615 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 1 What what WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 3 wonderful wonderful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 4 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 5 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 10 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 12 wonderful wonderful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 13 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 14 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 15 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 16 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 18 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-2306 616 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 1 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 7 goes go VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 9 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 11 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 12 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 14 forgiven forgive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 617 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 2 Guillermier Guillermier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 4 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 6 Koutchmy Koutchmy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 8 Serge Serge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 10 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 618 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 1 Total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 2 Eclipses eclipse NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 4 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 6 Observations Observations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 8 Myths Myths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 11 Legends Legends NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 619 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 620 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 620 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 621 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 621 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 621 3 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 621 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 5 85233 85233 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 7 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 622 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 623 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 623 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 623 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 623 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 623 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 3 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 4 1543 1543 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 8 release release NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 624 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 1 Pasadena Pasadena NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 5 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 6 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 7 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 9 Jet Jet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 10 Propulsion Propulsion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 11 Laboratory Laboratory NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 13 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 14 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 16 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 18 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 19 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 20 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 21 Space Space NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 22 Administration Administration NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 24 NASA NASA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 625 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 626 1 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 626 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 6 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 627 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 628 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 628 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 628 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 628 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 628 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 3 Marble Marble NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 4 King(in King(in NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 5 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 7 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 8 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 9 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 10 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 13 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 14 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 16 Hatzopoulos Hatzopoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 18 Dionysios Dionysios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 629 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 630 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 630 2 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 630 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 630 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 630 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 630 6 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 630 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 630 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 631 1 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 631 2 Electronic Electronic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 631 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 631 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 632 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 633 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 633 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 633 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 633 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 633 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 634 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 634 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 634 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 634 4 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 634 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 634 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 634 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 634 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 635 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 635 2 Economist Economist NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 635 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 636 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 636 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 636 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 636 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 637 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 638 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 638 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 638 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 638 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 638 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 2 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 4 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 5 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 6 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 11 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 12 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 15 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 17 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 639 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 640 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 640 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 640 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 641 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 642 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 642 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 642 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 642 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 642 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 643 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2306 643 2 Sakaoğlu Sakaoğlu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 643 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 643 4 Necdet Necdet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 643 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 643 6 1993–94 1993–94 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 643 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 643 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 2 İstanbul'un i̇stanbul'un IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 3 adları adları NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 9 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 644 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 1 Dünden Dünden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 2 bugüne bugüne NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 3 İstanbul İstanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 4 ansiklopedisi ansiklopedisi RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 7 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 645 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 646 1 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 646 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 646 3 Türkiye Türkiye NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 646 4 Kültür Kültür NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 646 5 Bakanlığı Bakanlığı NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 646 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 2 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 5 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 7 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 647 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 2 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 3 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 4 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 7 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 8 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 10 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 11 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 648 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 7 Room Room NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 9 Adrian Adrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 12 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 15 Place Place NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 16 Name Name NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 17 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 18 1900–1991 1900–1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 21 Metuchen Metuchen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 23 N.J. New Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 25 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 26 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 29 Scarecrow Scarecrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 30 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 32 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 35 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 36   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 37 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 39 8108 8108 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 41 2600 2600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 42 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 43 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 44 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 649 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 650 1 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 650 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 650 3 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 650 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 651 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 651 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 651 3 Timeline timeline NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 651 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 651 5 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 651 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 651 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 652 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 652 2 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 652 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 653 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 653 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 653 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 653 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 654 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 655 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 655 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 655 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 655 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 655 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 2 Marios Marios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 3 Philippides Philippides NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 6 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 7 Hanak Hanak NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 10 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 13 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 17 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 19 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 21 Topography Topography NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 24 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 25 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 27 Ashgate Ashgate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 29 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 32 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 656 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 1 10–46 10–46 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 3 eyewitnesses eyewitness NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 6 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 8 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 11 88–91 88–91 JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 13 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 657 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 5 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 6 Angold Angold NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 9 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 11 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 14 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 16 Context context NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 18 Consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 20 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 22 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 25 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 658 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 659 1 150–152 150–152 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 659 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 659 3 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 659 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 4 Babinger Babinger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 6 Franz Franz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 8 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 11 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 13 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 15 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 16 Time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 660 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 661 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 661 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 661 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 661 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 5 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 7 01078 01078 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 10 Crowley Crowley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 12 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 14 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 17 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 20 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 21 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 23 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 26 Clash Clash NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 28 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 31 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 662 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 663 1 Hyperion Hyperion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 663 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 7 4013 4013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 9 0558 0558 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 12 Fletcher Fletcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 14 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 15 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 18 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 21 Crescent Crescent NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 23 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 25 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 26 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 27 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 29 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 31 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 33 303481 303481 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 35 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 36 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 38 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 40 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 42 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 43 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 44 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 45 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 47 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 664 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 665 1 Hambledon Hambledon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 665 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 665 3 Continuum Continuum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 665 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 7 84725 84725 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 9 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 12 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 14 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 16 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 20 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 22 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 666 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 667 1 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 667 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 667 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 667 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 7 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 9 11786 11786 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 12 Melville Melville NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 13 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 15 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 18 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 21 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 23 Seven Seven NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 24 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 25 Accounts Accounts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 27 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 28 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 29 Momigliano Momigliano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 31 Arnaldo Arnaldo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 33 Schiavone Schiavone NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 35 Aldo Aldo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 37 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 668 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 1 Storia Storia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 2 di di FW en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 3 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 8 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 669 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 670 1 Turin turin NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 670 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 670 3 Einaudi Einaudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 670 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 3 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 5 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 7 11396 11396 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 671 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 672 1 Murr Murr NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 672 2 Nehme Nehme NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 672 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 672 4 Lina Lina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 672 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 672 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 672 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 672 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 673 1 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 673 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 673 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 673 4 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 673 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 673 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 673 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 674 1 Aleph Aleph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 674 2 Et Et NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 674 3 Taw Taw NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 674 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 5 86839 86839 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 7 816 816 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 675 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 676 1 Pertusi Pertusi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 676 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 676 3 Agostino Agostino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 676 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 676 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 676 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 677 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 677 2 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 677 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 677 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 1 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 2 Caduta Caduta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 3 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 4 Costantinopoli Costantinopoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 6 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 8 L'eco L'eco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 9 nel nel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 10 mondo mondo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 11 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 13 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 17 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 20 Echo Echo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 23 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 27 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 678 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 679 1 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 679 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 680 1 Verona Verona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 680 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 680 3 Fondazione Fondazione NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 680 4 Lorenzo Lorenzo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 680 5 Valla Valla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 680 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 1 Philippides philippide NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 3 Marios Marios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 5 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 6 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 7 Hanak Hanak NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 10 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 13 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 17 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 19 Ashgate Ashgate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 21 Farnham Farnham NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 23 Burlington Burlington NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 24 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 681 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 1 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 4 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 8 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 14 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 15 Makers Makers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 16 magazine magazine NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 17 No no NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 682 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 1 5 5 LS en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 3 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 5 Marshall Marshall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 6 Cavendish Cavendish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 8 Sidgwick Sidgwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 10 Jackson Jackson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 12 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 16 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 683 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 1 Wheatcroft Wheatcroft NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 3 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 9 Infidels Infidels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 12 Conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 13 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 14 Christendom Christendom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 16 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 18 638–2002 638–2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 684 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 1 Viking Viking NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 7 670 670 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 9 86942 86942 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 12 Wintle Wintle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 14 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 16 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 20 Rough rough JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 21 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 22 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 24 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 685 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 686 1 Rough Rough NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 686 2 Guides guide NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 686 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 5 84353 84353 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 7 018-X 018-X NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 8 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 9 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 11 Library library JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 12 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 13 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 14 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 17 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 18 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 19 Resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 21 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 22 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 23 Resources Resources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 26 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 27 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 28 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 29 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 30 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 31 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 33 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 35 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 37 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 687 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 2 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 5 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 7 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 9 Sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 11 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 12 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 13 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 15 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 18 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 21 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 22 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 23 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 24 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 26 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 27 Radio Radio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 28 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 29 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 31 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 32 Crowley Crowley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 34 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 35 Herrin Herrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 36 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 37 Colin Colin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 38 Imber Imber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 40 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 41 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 42 Time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 44 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 45 Dec. December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 46 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 48 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 49 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 50 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 51 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 52 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 53 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 54 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 55 Preceding precede VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 56 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 57 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 58 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 59 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 61 330–717 330–717 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 63 Constantinian constantinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 64 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 65 Valentinianic valentinianic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 66 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 67 Constantinian constantinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 68 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 69 Valentinianic valentinianic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 70 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 71 Theodosian theodosian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 72 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 73 Leonid Leonid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 74 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 75 Justinian justinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 76 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 77 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 78 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 79 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 80 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 81 Dark Dark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 82 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 83 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 84 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 85 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 86 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 87 Anarchy anarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 88 Middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 89 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 90 717–1204 717–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 91 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 92 Isaurian isaurian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 93 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 94 Nikephorian nikephorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 95 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 96 Amorian amorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 97 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 98 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 99 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 100 Doukid Doukid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 101 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 102 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 103 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 104 Angelid Angelid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 105 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 106 Late late RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 107 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 108 1204–1453 1204–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 109 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 110 Sack Sack NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 111 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 112 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 113 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 114 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 115 Frankokratia Frankokratia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 116 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 117 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 118 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 119 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 120 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 121 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 122 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 123   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 124 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 125 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 126 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 127 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 128   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 129 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 130 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 131   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 132 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 133 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 134 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 135 Palaiologan palaiologan JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 136 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 137 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 138 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 139 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 140 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 141 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 142 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 143 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 144 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 145 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 146 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 147 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 148 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 149 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 150 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 151 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 152 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 153 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 154 Corsica Corsica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 155 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 156 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 157 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 158 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 159 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 160 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 161 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 162 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 163 Maghreb Maghreb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 164 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 165 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 166 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 167 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 168 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 169 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 170 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 171 Balearic Balearic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 172 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 173 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 174 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 175 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 176 Governance Governance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 177 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 178 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 179 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 180 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 181 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 182 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 183 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 184 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 185 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 186 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 187 Praetorian praetorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 188 prefects prefect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 189 Magister magister NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 190 officiorum officiorum NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 191 Comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 192 sacrarum sacrarum NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 193 largitionum largitionum NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 194 Comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 195 rerum rerum NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 196 privatarum privatarum NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 197 Quaestor quaestor NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 198 sacri sacri NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 199 palatii palatii VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 200 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 201 Logothetes Logothetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 202 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 203 dromou dromou NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 204 Sakellarios Sakellarios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 205 Logothetes Logothetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 206 tou tou NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 207 genikou genikou NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 208 Logothetes Logothetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 209 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 210 stratiotikou stratiotikou NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 211 Chartoularios Chartoularios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 212 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 213 sakelliou sakelliou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 214 Chartoularios Chartoularios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 215 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 216 vestiariou vestiariou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 217 Epi Epi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 218 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 219 eidikou eidikou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 220 Protasekretis Protasekretis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 221 Epi Epi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 222 ton ton NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 223 deeseon deeseon NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 224 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 225 Megas Megas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 226 logothetes logothete VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 227 Mesazon Mesazon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 228 Provincial Provincial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 229 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 230 Praetorian praetorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 231 prefectures prefecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 232 Dioceses Dioceses NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 233 Provinces Provinces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 234 Quaestura Quaestura NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 235 exercitus exercitus NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 236 Exarchate Exarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 237 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 238 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 239 Exarchate Exarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 240 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 241 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 242 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 243 Themata Themata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 244 Kleisourai Kleisourai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 245 Bandon Bandon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 246 Catepanates Catepanates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 247 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 248 Kephale Kephale NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 249 Despotates Despotates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 250 Diplomacy Diplomacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 251 Treaties Treaties NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 252 Diplomats Diplomats NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 253 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 254 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 255 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 256 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 257 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 258 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 259 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 260 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 261 Battles Battles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 262 Generals Generals NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 263 Mercenaries Mercenaries NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 264 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 265 manuals manual NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 266 Military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 267 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 268 Revolts Revolts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 269 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 270 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 271 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 272 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 273 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 274 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 275 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 276 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 277 Foederati Foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 278 Bucellarii Bucellarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 279 Scholae Scholae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 280 Palatinae Palatinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 281 Excubitors Excubitors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 282 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 283 Themata Themata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 284 Kleisourai Kleisourai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 285 Tourma Tourma NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 286 Droungos droungo VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 287 Bandon Bandon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 288 Tagmata Tagmata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 289 Domestic Domestic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 290 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 291 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 292 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 293 Hetaireia Hetaireia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 294 Akritai Akritai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 295 Varangian Varangian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 296 Guard Guard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 297 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 298 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 299 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 300 Pronoia Pronoia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 301 Vestiaritai Vestiaritai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 302 Palaiologan Palaiologan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 303 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 304 Allagion Allagion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 305 Paramonai Paramonai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 306 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 307 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 308 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 309 Karabisianoi Karabisianoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 310 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 311 themata themata VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 312 Cibyrrhaeot Cibyrrhaeot NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 313 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 314 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 315 Samos Samos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 316 Dromon Dromon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 317 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 318 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 319 Droungarios Droungarios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 320 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 321 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 322 Fleet Fleet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 323 Megas Megas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 324 doux doux NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 325 Admirals Admirals NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 326 Naval Naval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 327 battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 328 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 329 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 330 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 331 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 332 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 333 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 334 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 335 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 336 Hesychasm Hesychasm NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 337 Patriarchate Patriarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 338 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 339 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 340 Saints Saints NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 341 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 342 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 343 Alexandrian Alexandrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 344 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 345 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 346 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 347 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 348 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 349 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 350 Miaphysitism Miaphysitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 351 Ecumenical Ecumenical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 352 councils council VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 353 Arianism Arianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 354 Monophysitism Monophysitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 355 Paulicianism Paulicianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 356 Iconoclasm Iconoclasm NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 357 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 358 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 359 Bogomilism Bogomilism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 360 Mount Mount NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 361 Athos Athos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 362 Missionary Missionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 363 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 364 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 365 Moravia Moravia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 366 Serbs Serbs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 367 Kievan Kievan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 368 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 369 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 370 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 371 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 372 Codex Codex NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 373 Theodosianus Theodosianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 374 Corpus Corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 375 Juris Juris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 376 Civilis Civilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 377 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 378 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 379 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 380 Ecloga Ecloga NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 381 Basilika Basilika NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 382 Hexabiblos Hexabiblos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 383 Mutilation Mutilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 384 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 385 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 386 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 387 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 388 Secular Secular NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 389 Sacred Sacred NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 390 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 391 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 392 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 393 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 394 square square NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 395 Domes Domes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 396 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 397 Basilica Basilica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 398 Cistern Cistern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 399 Baths Baths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 400 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 401 Zeuxippus Zeuxippus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 402 Blachernae Blachernae NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 403 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 404 Chora Chora NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 405 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 406 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 407 Walls wall VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 408 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 409 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 410 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 411 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 412 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 413 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 414 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 415 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 416 Hippodrome Hippodrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 417 Pammakaristos Pammakaristos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 418 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 419 Prison Prison NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 420 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 421 Anemas Anemas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 422 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 423 Arch Arch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 424 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 425 Galerius Galerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 426 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 427 Rotunda Rotunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 428 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 429 Bath Bath NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 430 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 431 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 432 Hagios Hagios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 433 Demetrios demetrio VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 434 Panagia Panagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 435 Chalkeon Chalkeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 436 Walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 437 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 438 Thessaloniki Thessaloniki NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 439 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 440 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 441 Vitale Vitale NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 442 Sant'Apollinare Sant'Apollinare NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 443 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 444 Classe Classe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 445 Sant'Apollinare Sant'Apollinare NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 446 Nuovo Nuovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 447 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 448 locations location NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 449 Daphni daphni VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 450 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 451 Hosios Hosios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 452 Loukas Loukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 453 Nea Nea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 454 Moni Moni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 455 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 456 Chios Chios NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 457 Panagia Panagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 458 Gorgoepikoos Gorgoepikoos NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 459 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 460 Catherine Catherine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 461 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 462 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 463 Mystras Mystras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 464 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 465 Icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 466 Enamel Enamel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 467 Glass Glass NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 468 Mosaics Mosaics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 469 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 470 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 471 mosaics mosaic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 472 Painters painter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 473 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 474 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 475 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 476 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 477 renaissance renaissance NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 478 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 479 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 480 Coinage Coinage NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 481 Mints Mints NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 482 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 483 silk silk NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 484 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 485 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 486 Varangians Varangians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 487 Dynatoi Dynatoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 488 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 489 Novel Novel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 490 Acritic acritic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 491 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 492 Digenes Digenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 493 Akritas Akritas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 494 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 495 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 496 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 497 Everyday Everyday NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 498 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 499 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 500 Cities Cities NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 501 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 502 Dance Dance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 503 Dress Dress NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 504 Flags Flags NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 505 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 506 insignia insignia NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 507 Gardens Gardens NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 508 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 509 Lyra Lyra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 510 Octoechos Octoechos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 511 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 512 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 513 Greeks greeks JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 514 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 515 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 516 Units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 517 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 518 measurement measurement NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 519 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 520 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 521 Encyclopedias Encyclopedias NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 522 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 523 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 524 Inventions Inventions NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 525 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 526 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 527 Rhetoric Rhetoric NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 528 Scholars Scholars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 529 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 530 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 531 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 532 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 533 Impact Impact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 534 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 535 commonwealth commonwealth NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 536 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 537 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 538 Museums Museums NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 539 Byzantinism Byzantinism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 540 Cyrillic Cyrillic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 541 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 542 Neo neo JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 543 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 544 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 545 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 546 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 547 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 548 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 549 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 550 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 551 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 552 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 553 Megali Megali NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 554 Idea Idea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 555 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 556 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 557 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 558 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 559 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 560 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 561 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 562 sieges siege NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 563 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 564 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 565 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 566 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 567 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 568 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 569 13th-14th 13th-14th NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 570 1285 1285 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 571   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 572 Kulaca Kulaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 573 Hisar Hisar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 574 1326 1326 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 575   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 576 Bursa bursa JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 577 1328–1331 1328–1331 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 578   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 579 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 580 1333–1337 1333–1337 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 581   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 582 Nicomedia Nicomedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 583 1360s 1360 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 584   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 585 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 586 1385 1385 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 587   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 588 Sofia Sofia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 589 1393 1393 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 590   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 591 Tarnovo Tarnovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 592 1394–1402 1394–1402 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 593   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 594 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 595 15th 15th NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 596 1411 1411 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 597   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 598 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 599 1422 1422 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 600   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 601 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 602 1422–1430 1422–1430 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 603   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 604 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 605 1428 1428 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 606   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 607 Golubac golubac NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 608 1440 1440 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 609   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 610 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 611 1440–41 1440–41 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 612   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 613 Novo Novo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 614 Brdo Brdo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 615 1448 1448 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 616   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 617 Svetigrad Svetigrad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 618 1450 1450 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 619   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 620 Krujë Krujë NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 621 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 622   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 623 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 624 1455 1455 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 625   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 626 Berat Berat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 627 1456 1456 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 628   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 629 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 630 1461 1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 631   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 632 Trebizond trebizond NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 633 1462 1462 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 634   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 635 Mytilene Mytilene NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 636 1463 1463 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 637   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 638 Jajce Jajce NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 639 1464 1464 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 640   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 641 Jajce Jajce NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 642 1467 1467 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 643   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 644 Krujë Krujë NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 645 1470 1470 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 646   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 647 Negroponte Negroponte NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 648 1474 1474 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 649   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 650 Scutari Scutari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 651 1477–78 1477–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 652   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 653 Krujë Krujë NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 654 1478–79 1478–79 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 655   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 656 Scutari Scutari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 657 1480 1480 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 658   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 659 Rhodes Rhodes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 660 1481 1481 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 661   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 662 Otranto Otranto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 663 16th 16th NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 664 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 665   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 666 Cephalonia Cephalonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 667 1517 1517 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 668   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 669 Cairo Cairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 670 1521 1521 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 671   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 672 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 673 1522 1522 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 674   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 675 Knin Knin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 676 1522 1522 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 677   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 678 Rhodes Rhodes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 679 1529 1529 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 680   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 681 Peñón Peñón NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 682 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 683 Algiers Algiers NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 684 1529 1529 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 685   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 686 Vienna Vienna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 687 1531 1531 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 688   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 689 Diu Diu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 690 1532 1532 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 691   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 692 Güns Güns NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 693 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 694 Kőszeg Kőszeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 695 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 696 1532 1532 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 697   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 698 Maribor Maribor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 699 1533–34 1533–34 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 700   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 701 Coron Coron NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 702 1534 1534 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 703   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 704 Tunis Tunis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 705 1534 1534 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 706   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 707 Baghdad Baghdad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 708 1537 1537 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 709   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 710 Klis Klis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 711 1537 1537 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 712   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 713 Corfu Corfu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 714 1538 1538 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 715   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 716 Diu Diu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 717 1539 1539 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 718   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 719 Castelnuovo Castelnuovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 720 1541 1541 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 721   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 722 Buda Buda NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 723 1543 1543 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 724   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 725 Nice Nice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 726 1543 1543 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 727   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 728 Esztergom Esztergom NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 729 1548 1548 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 730   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 731 Aden Aden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 732 1548 1548 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 733   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 734 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 735 1551 1551 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 736   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 737 Tripoli Tripoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 738 1552 1552 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 739   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 740 Muscat Muscat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 741 1552 1552 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 742   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 743 Hormuz Hormuz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 744 1552 1552 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 745   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 746 Temesvár Temesvár NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 747 1552 1552 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 748   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 749 Eger eger NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 750 1556 1556 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 751   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 752 Oran Oran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 753 1559 1559 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 754   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 755 Bahrain Bahrain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 756 1563 1563 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 757   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 758 Oran Oran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 759 1565 1565 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 760   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 761 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 762 1566 1566 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 763   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 764 Szigetvar Szigetvar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 765 1570–71 1570–71 VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 766   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 767 Famagusta Famagusta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 768 1574 1574 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 769   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 770 Tunis Tunis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 771 1578 1578 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 772   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 773 Gvozdansko Gvozdansko NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 774 1592 1592 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 775   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 776 Bihać bihać NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 777 1593 1593 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 778   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 779 Sisak Sisak NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 780 1596 1596 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 781   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 782 Eger eg JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 783 17th 17th NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 784 1601 1601 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 785   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 786 Nagykanizsa Nagykanizsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 787 1621 1621 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 788   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 789 Khotyn Khotyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 790 1638 1638 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 791   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 792 Baghdad Baghdad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 793 1663 1663 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 794   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 795 Uyvar Uyvar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 796 1664 1664 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 797   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 798 Novi Novi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 799 Zrin Zrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 800 1648–1669 1648–1669 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 801   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 802 Candia Candia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 803 1672 1672 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 804   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 805 Kamenets Kamenets NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 806 1683 1683 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 807   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 808 Vienna Vienna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 809 1684 1684 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 810   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 811 Buda Buda NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 812 1684 1684 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 813   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 814 Santa Santa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 815 Maura Maura NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 816 1685 1685 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 817   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 818 Érsekújvár Érsekújvár NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 819 1686 1686 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 820   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 821 Buda Buda NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 822 1686 1686 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 823   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 824 Pécs Pécs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 825 1688 1688 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 826   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 827 Negroponte Negroponte NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 828 1688 1688 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 829   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 830 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 831 1690 1690 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 832   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 833 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 834 1695 1695 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 835   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 836 Azov Azov NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 837 1696 1696 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 838   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 839 Azov Azov NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 840 18th 18th NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 841 1711 1711 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 842   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 843 Brăila Brăila NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 844 1715 1715 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 845   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 846 Nauplia Nauplia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 847 1716 1716 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 848   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 849 Corfu Corfu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 850 1716 1716 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 851   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 852 Temeşvar Temeşvar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 853 1717 1717 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 854   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 855 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 856 1733 1733 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 857   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 858 Baghdad Baghdad NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 859 1734–35 1734–35 VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 860   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 861 Ganja Ganja NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 862 1737 1737 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 863   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 864 Ochakov Ochakov NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 865 1739 1739 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 866   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 867 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 868 1788 1788 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 869   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 870 Ochakov Ochakov NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 871 1788 1788 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 872   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 873 Khotin Khotin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 874 1789 1789 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 875   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 876 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 877 1789 1789 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 878   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 879 Izmail izmail NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 880 1799 1799 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 881   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 882 El El NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 883 Arish Arish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 884 1799 1799 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 885   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 886 Jaffa Jaffa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 887 1799 1799 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 888   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 889 Acre Acre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 890 19th 19th NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 891 1801 1801 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 892   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 893 Cairo Cairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 894 1806 1806 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 895   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 896 Belgrade Belgrade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 897 1821 1821 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 898   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 899 Patras Patras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 900 1821–22 1821–22 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 901   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 902 Acropolis Acropolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 903 1821 1821 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 904   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 905 Tripolitsa Tripolitsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 906 1822 1822 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 907   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 908 Missolonghi Missolonghi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 909 1823 1823 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 910   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 911 Missolonghi Missolonghi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 912 1825–26 1825–26 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 913   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 914 Missolonghi Missolonghi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 915 1826–27 1826–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 916   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 917 Acropolis Acropolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 918 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 919   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 920 Kars Kars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 921 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 922   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 923 Varna Varna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 924 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 925   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 926 Calafat Calafat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 927 1854 1854 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 928   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 929 Silistra Silistra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 930 1854–55 1854–55 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 931   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 932 Sevastopol Sevastopol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 933 1855 1855 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 934   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 935 Kars Kars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 936 1877 1877 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 937   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 938 Plevna Plevna NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 939 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 940 1912–13 1912–13 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 941   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 942 Scutari Scutari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 943 1912–13 1912–13 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 944   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 945 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 946 1915 1915 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 947   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 948 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 949 1915–16 1915–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 950   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 951 Kut Kut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 952 1916–1919 1916–1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 953   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 954 Medina Medina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 955 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 956 defeats defeat NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 957 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 958 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 959 italics italic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 688 960 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 1 Authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 2 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 3 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 5 4128316 4128316 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 7 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 8 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 10 sh85068752 sh85068752 ADD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 11 NKC NKC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 13 ph311315 ph311315 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 14 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 17 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Constantinople&oldid=996324194 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Constantinople&oldid=996324194 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 19 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 21 Fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 23 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 24 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 27 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 29 1450s 1450 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 32 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 34 Battles Battles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 37 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 38 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 39 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 40 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 41 Conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 43 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 44 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 45 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 46 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 47 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 48 Sieges Sieges NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 49 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 51 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 52 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 53 Sieges Sieges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 54 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 56 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 57 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 58 Sieges Sieges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 60 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 61 Battles Battles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 63 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 65 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 66 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 67 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 69 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 70 Massacres Massacres NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 73 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 74 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 75 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 76 stands stand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 77 Looting Looting NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 78 Massacres Massacres NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 79 committed commit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 80 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 81 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 82 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 83 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 84 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 85 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 86 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 87 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 88 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 89 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 90 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 91 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 92 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 93 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 94 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 95 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 96 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 97 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 98 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 99 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 100 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 101 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 102 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 103 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 104 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 105 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 106 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 107 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 108 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 109 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 110 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 111 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 112 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 113 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 114 tr tr NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 115 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 116 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 117 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 118 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 119 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 120 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 121 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 122 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 123 el el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 124 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 125 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 126 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 127 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 128 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 129 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 131 el el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 132 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 133 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 134 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 135 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 136 BOT bot NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 137 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 138 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 139 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 140 url url NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 141 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 142 unknown unknown NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 143 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 144 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 145 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 146 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 147 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 148 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 149 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 150 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 151 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 152 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 153 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 154 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 155 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 156 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 157 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 158 fr fr NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 159 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 160 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 161 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 162 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 163 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 164 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 165 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 166 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 167 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 168 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 169 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 170 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 171 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 172 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 173 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 174 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 175 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 176 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 177 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 178 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 179 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 180 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 181 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 182 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 183 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 184 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 185 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 186 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 187 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 188 el el NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 189 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 190 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 191 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 192 abbreviated abbreviate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 193 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 194 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 195 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 196 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 197 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 198 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 199 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 200 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 201 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 202 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 203 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 204 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 205 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 206 dmy dmy NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 207 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 208 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 209 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 210 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 211 Coordinates coordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 212 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 213 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 214 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 215 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 216 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 217 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 218 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 219 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 220 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 221 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 222 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 223 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 224 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 225 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 226 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 227 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 228 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 229 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 230 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 231 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 232 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 233 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 234 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 235 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 236 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 237 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 238 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 239 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 240 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 241 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 242 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 243 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 244 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 245 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 246 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 247 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 248 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 249 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 250 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 251 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 252 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 253 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 254 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 255 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 256 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 257 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 258 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 259 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 260 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 261 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 262 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 263 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 264 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 265 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 266 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 267 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 268 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 269 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 270 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 271 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 272 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 273 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 274 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 275 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 276 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 277 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 278 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 279 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 280 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 281 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 282 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 283 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 284 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 285 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 286 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 287 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 288 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 289 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 290 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 291 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 292 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 293 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 294 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 295 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 296 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 297 1928)-language 1928)-language CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 298 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 299 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 300 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 301 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 302 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 303 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 304 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 305 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 306 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 307 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 308 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 309 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 310 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 311 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 312 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 313 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 314 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 315 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 316 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 317 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 318 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 319 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 320 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 321 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 322 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 323 NKC NKC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 324 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 325 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 326 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 327 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 328 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 329 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 330 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 331 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 332 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 333 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 334 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 335 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 336 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 337 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 338 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 339 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 340 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 341 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 342 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 343 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 344 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 345 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 346 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 347 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 348 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 349 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 350 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 351 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 352 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 353 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 354 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 355 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 356 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 357 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 358 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 359 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 360 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 361 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 362 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 363 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 364 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 365 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 366 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 367 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 368 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 369 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 370 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 371 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 372 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 373 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 374 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 375 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 376 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 377 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 378 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 379 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 380 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 381 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 382 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 383 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 384 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 385 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 386 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 387 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 388 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 389 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 390 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 391 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 392 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 393 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 394 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 395 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 396 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 397 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 398 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 399 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 400 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 401 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 402 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 403 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 404 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 405 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 406 Alemannisch Alemannisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 407 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 408 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 409 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 410 تۆرکجه تۆرکجه NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 411 বাংলা বাংলা NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 412 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 413 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 414 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 415 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 416 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 417 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 418 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 419 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 420 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 421 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 422 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 423 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 424 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 425 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 426 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 427 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 428 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 429 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 430 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 431 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 432 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 433 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 434 हिन्दी हिन्दी CD en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 435 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 436 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 437 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 438 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 439 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 440 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 441 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 442 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 443 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 444 Lumbaart Lumbaart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 445 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 446 Македонски Македонски NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 447 മലയാളം മലയാളം . en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 448 مصرى مصرى NNS en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 449 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 450 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 451 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 452 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 453 日本語 日本語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 454 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 455 Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 456 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ DT en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 457 پنجابی پنجابی JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 458 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 459 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 460 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 461 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 462 Sardu Sardu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 463 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 464 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 465 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 466 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 467 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 468 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 469 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 470 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 471 српскохрватски српскохрватски NN en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 472 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 473 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 474 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-2306 689 475 ไทย ไทย NN 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