id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 6 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 22 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 23 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 26 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 27 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 29 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 31 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 32 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 3 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 6 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 8 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 3 Βασιλεία Βασιλεία NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 4 Ῥωμαίων Ῥωμαίων NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 6 Basileía Basileía NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 7 Rhōmaíōn Rhōmaíōn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 8 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 9 Romanum Romanum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 10 395–1453c 395–1453c CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 11 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 12 Rho Rho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 14 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 15 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 16 insignia insignia NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 18 Solidus Solidus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 19 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 20 Christ Christ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 21 Pantocrator Pantocrator NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 24 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 25 motif motif NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 27 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 28 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 3 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 2 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 4 555 555 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 5 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 6 Justinian justinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 8 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 12 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 13 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 14 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 16 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 19 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 20 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 24 vassals vassal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 26 pink pink NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 29 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 31 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 34 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 37 476–1400 476–1400 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 39 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 41 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 42 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 43 Constantinopled constantinople VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 45 395–1204 395–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 47 1261–1453 1261–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 49 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 50   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 51 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 52 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 53 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 55 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 56 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 57 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 58 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 60 610–1453 610–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 62 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 63 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 64 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 66 tolerated tolerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 67 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 69 Edicts edict NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 71 Serdica Serdica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 72 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 73 311 311 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 74 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 75 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 76 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 78 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 80 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 81 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 82 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 83 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 84 380 380 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 85 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 86 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 87 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 88 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 89 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 91 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 92 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 93 1054 1054 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 94 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 95 Notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 96 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 97     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 98 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 99   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 100 330–337 330–337 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 101 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 102 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 103 • • VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 104   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 105 395–408 395–408 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 106 Arcadius Arcadius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 107 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 108   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 109 402–450 402–450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 110 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 111 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 112 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 113   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 114 527–565 527–565 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 115 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 116 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 117 • • VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 118   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 119 610–641 610–641 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 120 Heraclius heraclius NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 121 • • VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 122   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 123 717–741 717–741 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 124 Leo leo NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 125 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 126 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 127   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 128 797–802 797–802 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 129 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 130 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 131   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 132 867–886 867–886 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 133 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 134 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 135 • • VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 136   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 137 976–1025 976–1025 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 138 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 139 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 140 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 141   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 142 1042–1055 1042–1055 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 143 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 144 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 145 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 146   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 147 1081–1118 1081–1118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 148 Alexius alexius NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 149 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 150 • • VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 151   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 152 1259–1282 1259–1282 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 153 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 154 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 155 • • XX en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 156   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 157 1449–1453 1449–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 158 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 159 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 160 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 161 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 162 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 163 Antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 164 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 165 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 166 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 167 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 168 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 169   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 170 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 171 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 172 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 173 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 174 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 175 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 176 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 177 diarchy diarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 178 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 179 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 180 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 181 286 286 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 182 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 183   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 184 Founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 185 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 186 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 187 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 188 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 189 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 190 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 191   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 192 Final Final NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 193 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 194 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 195 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 196 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 197 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 198 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 199 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 200 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 201 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 202 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 203 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 204 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 205 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 206 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 207   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 208 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 209 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 210 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 211 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 212 deposition deposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 213 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 214 Romulus Romulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 215 Augustulus Augustulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 216 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 217 Odoacer odoacer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 218 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 219 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 220 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 221 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 222   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 223 Assassination Assassination NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 224 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 225 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 226 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 227 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 228 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 229 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 230 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 231 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 232 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 233 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 234 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 235 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 236 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 237 480 480 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 238 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 239   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 240 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 241 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 242 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 243 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 244 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 245 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 246 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 247 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 248 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 249 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 250 crusaders crusader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 251 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 252 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 253 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 254 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 255   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 256 Reconquest Reconquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 257 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 258 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 259 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 260 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 261 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 262 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 263 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 264 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 265 1261 1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 266 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 267   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 268 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 269 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 270 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 271 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 272 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 273 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 274 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 275   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 276 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 277 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 278 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 279 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 280 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 281 1461 1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 282 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 283 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 284   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 285 457 457 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 286 16,000,000e 16,000,000e CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 287 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 288   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 289 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 290 26,000,000 26,000,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 291 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 292   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 293 775 775 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 294 7,000,000 7,000,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 295 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 296   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 297 1025 1025 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 298 12,000,000 12,000,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 299 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 300   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 301 1320 1320 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 302 2,000,000 2,000,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 303 Currency Currency NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 304 Solidus Solidus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 305 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 306 denarius denarius NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 307 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 308 hyperpyron hyperpyron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 309 Preceded precede VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 310 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 311 Succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 312 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 313 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 314 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 315 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 316 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 317 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 318 Βασιλεία Βασιλεία NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 319 Ῥωμαίων Ῥωμαίων NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 320 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 321 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 322 transliterated transliterate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 323 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 324 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 325 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 326 Basileia Basileia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 327 Rhōmaiōn Rhōmaiōn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 328 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 329 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 330 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 331 Monarchy Monarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 332 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 333 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 334 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 335 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 336 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 337 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 338 rendered render VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 339 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 340 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 341 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 342 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 343 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 4 344 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 2 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 5 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 6 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 8 1261 1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 12 interregnum interregnum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 17 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 22 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 27 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 30 Despotate Despotate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 32 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 36 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 37 contenders contender NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 38 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 39 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 42 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 5 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 4 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 6 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 8 legitimate legitimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 9 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 12 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 14 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 16 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 18 retake retake VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 19 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 6 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 2 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 5 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 9 united united NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 11 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 13 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 7 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 1 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 2 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 8 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 10 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 12 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 14 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 16 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 8 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 2 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 4 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 5 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 7 dividing divide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 9 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 11 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 13 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 14 halves half NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 9 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 2 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 3 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 6 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 10 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 11 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 12 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 13 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 15 McEvedy McEvedy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 17 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 19 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 21 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 22 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 23 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 25 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 27 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 28 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 30 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 31 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 32 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 35 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 36 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 38 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 40 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 10 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 10 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 12 Preceding Preceding NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 14 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 15 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 16 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 17 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 19 330–717 330–717 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 21 Constantinian constantinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 23 Valentinianic valentinianic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 24 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 26 Constantinian constantinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 27 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 28 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 29 Valentinianic valentinianic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 30 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 32 Theodosian Theodosian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 33 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 34 Leonid Leonid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 35 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 36 Justinian justinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 37 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 38 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 39 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 40 Twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 41 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 42 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 43 Anarchy anarchy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 44 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 45 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 47 717–1204 717–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 49 Isaurian isaurian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 50 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 51 Nikephorian nikephorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 52 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 53 Amorian amorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 54 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 55 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 56 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 57 Doukid Doukid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 58 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 59 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 60 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 61 Angelid Angelid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 62 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 63 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 64 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 66 1204–1453 1204–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 68 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 69 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 71 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 72 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 73 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 74 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 75 Principality Principality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 77 Achaea Achaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 78 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 79 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 80 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 81 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 82 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 83 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 84 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 85 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 86 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 87 Theodoro Theodoro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 88 Palaiologan Palaiologan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 89 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 90 Despotate Despotate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 91 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 92 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 93 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 94 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 95 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 96 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 97 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 98 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 99 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 100 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 101 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 102 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 103 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 104 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 105 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 106 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 107 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 108 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 109 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 110   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 111 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 112 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 113 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 114 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 115 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 116 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 117 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 118 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 119 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 121 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 122 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 123 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 124 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 125 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 126 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 127 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 128 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 129 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 130 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 131 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 132 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 133 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 134 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 135 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 136 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 137 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 138 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 139 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 140 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 141 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 142 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 143 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 144 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 145 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 146 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 147 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 148 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 149 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 150 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 151 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 152 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 153 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 154 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 155 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 156 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 157 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 158 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 159 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 160 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 161 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 162 formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 163 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 164 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 11 165 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 2 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 4 fragmentation fragmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 6 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 9 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 14 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 16 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 18 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 20 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 23 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 24 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 25 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 26 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 28 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 31 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 34 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 12 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 8 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 11 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 15 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 16 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 18 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 21 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 22 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 24 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 13 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 7 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 8 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 11 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 14 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 17 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 18 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 20 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 23 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 24 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 27 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 30 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 31 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 33 Βασιλεία Βασιλεία NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 34 Ῥωμαίων Ῥωμαίων NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 36 romanized romanize VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 38   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 39 Basileía Basileía NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 40 Rhōmaíōn)[2 Rhōmaíōn)[2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 43 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 45 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 46 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 48 Ῥωμανία Ῥωμανία NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 53 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 54 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 55 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 57 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 58 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 59 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 60 Ῥωμαῖοι Ῥωμαῖοι NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 62 romanized romanize VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 63 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 64   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 65 Rhōmaîoi Rhōmaîoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 14 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 1 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 2 signal signal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 3 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 6 4th 4th NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 8 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 9 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 10 mark mark VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 14 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 21 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 22 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 24 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 25 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 26 diverged diverge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 15 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 1 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 2 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 4 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 6 324–337 324–337 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 8 reorganised reorganise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 10 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 12 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 15 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 16 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 18 legalised legalise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 19 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 16 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 2 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 3 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 5 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 7 379–395 379–395 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 10 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 14 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 17 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 18 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 20 proscribed proscribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 17 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 5 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 7 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 9 610–641 610–641 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 15 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 17 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 19 restructured restructure VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 21 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 22 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 24 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 25 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 27 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 29 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 18 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 8 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 11 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 13 maintained maintain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 15 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 16 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 17 distinguish distinguish VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 18 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 20 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 21 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 22 insofar insofar RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 26 centred centre VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 28 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 30 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 31 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 32 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 33 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 34 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 35 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 36 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 38 characterised characterise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 40 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 41 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 42 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 19 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 5 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 8 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 9 fluctuated fluctuate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 12 cycles cycle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 14 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 16 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 20 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 5 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 8 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 10 527–565 527–565 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 14 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 15 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 17 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 18 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 20 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 21 reconquering reconquer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 22 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 25 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 26 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 27 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 28 Mediterranean mediterranean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 29 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 31 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 32 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 33 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 35 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 37 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 40 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 41 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 43 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 44 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 45 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 21 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 4 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 5 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 7 602–628 602–628 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 8 exhausted exhaust VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 10 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 12 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 17 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 18 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 19 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 22 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 26 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 27 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 28 richest rich JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 29 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 31 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 33 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 37 Rashidun Rashidun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 38 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 22 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 6 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 7 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 9 10th–11th 10th–11th NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 10 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 14 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 15 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 16 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 18 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 20 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 23 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 24 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 25 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 28 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 31 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 34 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 36 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 38 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 39 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 42 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 43 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 44 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 46 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 48 Manzikert Manzikert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 50 1071 1071 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 23 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 2 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 3 opened open VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 5 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 8 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 10 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 12 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 24 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 2 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 3 recovered recover VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 4 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 6 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 7 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 12 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 17 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 19 wealthiest wealthy JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 20 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 22 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 25 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 8 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 10 mortal mortal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 11 blow blow NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 14 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 15 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 17 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 18 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 20 sacked sack VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 22 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 25 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 28 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 29 formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 30 governed govern VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 32 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 33 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 34 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 35 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 36 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 38 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 39 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 26 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 3 eventual eventual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 4 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 8 1261 1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 11 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 13 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 17 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 18 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 19 rival rival JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 20 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 23 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 26 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 27 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 28 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 31 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 27 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 2 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 3 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 5 progressively progressively RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 6 annexed annex VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 9 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 12 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 14 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 15 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 16 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 18 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 20 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 21 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 28 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 2 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 7 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 10 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 11 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 29 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 8 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 10 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 11 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 16 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 18 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 20 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 23 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 24 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 25 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 26 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 29 1461 1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 30 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 30 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 4 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 6 Nomenclature nomenclature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 9 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 10 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 11 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 12 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 13 Christianization christianization NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 15 partition partition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 19 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 20 Loss Loss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 23 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 24 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 26 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 27 Justinian justinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 28 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 29 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 30 Shrinking shrink VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 31 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 32 2.5.1 2.5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 33 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 34 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 35 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 36 2.5.2 2.5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 37 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 38 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 39 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 41 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 43 674–678 674–678 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 47 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 48 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 49 2.5.3 2.5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 50 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 51 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 52 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 53 2.5.4 2.5.4 , en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 54 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 55 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 56 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 58 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 60 717–718 717–718 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 64 Isaurian isaurian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 65 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 66 2.5.5 2.5.5 , en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 67 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 68 dispute dispute NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 69 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 70 iconoclasm iconoclasm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 71 2.6 2.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 72 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 73 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 75 resurgence resurgence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 77 867–1025 867–1025 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 79 2.6.1 2.6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 80 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 81 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 83 Abbasids abbasid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 84 2.6.2 2.6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 85 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 86 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 88 Bulgarian Bulgarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 89 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 90 2.6.3 2.6.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 91 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 92 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 93 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 94 Kievan Kievan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 95 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 96 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 97 2.6.4 2.6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 98 Campaigns Campaigns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 99 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 101 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 102 2.6.5 2.6.5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 103 Apex Apex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 104 2.6.6 2.6.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 105 Split Split VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 106 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 107 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 108 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 109 Catholicism Catholicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 110 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 111 1054 1054 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 112 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 113 2.7 2.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 114 Crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 115 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 116 fragmentation fragmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 117 2.8 2.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 118 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 119 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 120 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 121 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 122 Crusades Crusades NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 123 2.8.1 2.8.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 124 Alexios Alexios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 125 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 126 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 127 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 128 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 129 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 130 2.8.2 2.8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 131 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 132 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 133 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 134 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 135 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 136 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 137 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 138 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 139 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 140 2.8.3 2.8.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 141 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 142 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 143 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 144 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 145 2.9 2.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 146 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 147 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 148 disintegration disintegration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 149 2.9.1 2.9.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 150 Angelid angelid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 151 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 152 2.9.2 2.9.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 153 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 154 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 155 2.9.3 2.9.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 156 Crusader Crusader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 157 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 158 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 159 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 160 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 161 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 162 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 163 2.10 2.10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 164 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 165 2.10.1 2.10.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 166 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 167 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 168 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 169 2.10.2 2.10.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 170 Reconquest Reconquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 171 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 172 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 173 2.10.3 2.10.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 174 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 175 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 176 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 177 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 178 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 179 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 180 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 181 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 182 2.11 2.11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 183 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 184 aftermath aftermath NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 185 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 186 Government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 187 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 188 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 189 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 190 Diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 191 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 192 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 193 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 194 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 195 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 196 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 197 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 198 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 199 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 200 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 201 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 202 Arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 203 5.2.1 5.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 204 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 205 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 206 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 207 5.2.2 5.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 208 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 209 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 210 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 211 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 212 Flags Flags NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 213 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 214 insignia insignia VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 215 5.5 5.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 216 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 217 5.6 5.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 218 Recreation Recreation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 219 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 220 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 221 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 222 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 223 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 224 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 225 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 226 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 227 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 228 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 229 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 230 10.1 10.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 231 Citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 232 10.2 10.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 233 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 234 10.2.1 10.2.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 235 Primary Primary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 236 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 237 10.2.2 10.2.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 238 Secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 239 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 240 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 241 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 242 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 243 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 244 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 245 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 246 12.1 12.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 247 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 248 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 249 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 250 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 251 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 252 bibliography bibliography NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 253 Nomenclature[edit Nomenclature[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 254 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 255 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 256 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 257 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 258 Names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 259 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 260 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 261 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 262 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 263 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 264 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 265 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 266 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 267 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 268 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 269 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 270 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 271 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 272 label label VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 273 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 274 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 275 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 276 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 277 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 278 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 279 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 280 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 281 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 282 1557 1557 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 283 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 284 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 285 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 286 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 287 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 288 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 289 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 290 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 291 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 292 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 293 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 294 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 295 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 31 296 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1648 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 7 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 8 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 9 Louvre Louvre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 11 Corpus Corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 12 Scriptorum Scriptorum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 13 Historiae Historiae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 14 Byzantinae Byzantinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 19 1680 1680 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 21 Du Du NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 22 Cange Cange NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 24 Historia Historia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 25 Byzantina Byzantina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 26 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 34 27 popularised 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inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 24 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 27 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 29 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 30 Romanum Romanum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 32 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 33 Romanorum Romanorum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 35 Medieval 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( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 60 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 61 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 62 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 63 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 64 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 65 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 66 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 67 Ῥωμανία Ῥωμανία NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 69 romanized romanize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 70 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 71   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 72 Rhōmania),[note Rhōmania),[note NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 73 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 74 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 76 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 77 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 78 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 79 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 80 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 81 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 82 Publica Publica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 83 Romana Romana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 84 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 85 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 86 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 87 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 88 Πολιτεία Πολιτεία NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 89 τῶν τῶν VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 90 Ῥωμαίων Ῥωμαίων NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 92 romanized romanize VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 93 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 94   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 95 Politeia politeia VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 96 tōn tōn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 97 Rhōmaiōn Rhōmaiōn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 98 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 99 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 100 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 101 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 102 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 103 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 104 Rhōmais Rhōmais NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 105 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 106 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 107 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 108 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 109 Ῥωμαΐς Ῥωμαΐς NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 110 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 36 111 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 5 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 6 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 7 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 8 Romaioi Romaioi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 10 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 11 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 12 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 15 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 17 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 18 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 37 19 referred refer VBD 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40 39 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 40 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 41 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 42 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 44 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 45 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 46 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 48 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 49 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 50 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 51 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 52 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 54 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 57 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 58 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 59 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 40 62 West West 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 32 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 34 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 36 renamed rename VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 37 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 39 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 40 honor honor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 44 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 3 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 4 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 6 conquering conquer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 8 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 9 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 45 11 Mediterranean Mediterranean 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330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 15 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 16 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 18 seat seat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 23 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 26 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 27 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 30 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 31 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 34 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 36 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 56 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33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 5 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 7 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 9 briefly briefly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 10 interrupted interrupt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 13 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 16 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 17 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 19 361 361 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 21 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 22 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 62 24 determined determined 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 8 reversed reverse VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 10 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 12 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 14 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 16 363 363 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 63 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 4 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 5 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 7 379–395 379–395 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 11 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 64 12 Emperor Emperor 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 65 13 pagan pagan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 65 14 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 65 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 1 Pagan pagan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 2 festivals festival NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 4 sacrifices sacrifice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 6 banned ban VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 10 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 13 pagan pagan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 14 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 16 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 18 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 66 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 6 Olympic Olympic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 7 Games Games NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 9 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 13 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 15 393 393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 67 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 5 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 7 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 8 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 9 bequeathed bequeath VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 68 11 imperial 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refused refuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 8 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 10 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 12 tribute tribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 15 Attila Attila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 17 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 18 diverted divert VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 20 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 23 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 24 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 73 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 2 Attila Attila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 4 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 6 453 453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 9 Hun Hun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 11 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 17 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 18 Huns Huns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 20 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 21 hired hire VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 23 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 25 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 74 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 75 1 [ [ -LRB- 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77 10 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 11 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 13 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 14 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 15 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 17 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 18 claimant claimant NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 20 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 23 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 77 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 1 Odoacer odoacer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 3 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 4 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 6 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 9 nominally nominally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 78 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 97 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 97 35 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 97 36 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 97 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 5 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 6 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 7 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 9 533 533 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 12 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 13 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 15 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 16 Belisarius Belisarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 18 reclaim reclaim VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 20 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 21 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 23 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 26 Vandals vandal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 28 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 30 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 32 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 33 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 34 429 429 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 37 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 38 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 39 Carthage carthage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 98 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 4 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 5 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 6 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 8 surprising surprising JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 9 ease ease NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 16 548 548 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 19 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 20 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 21 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 23 subdued subdue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 99 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 5 535 535 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 8 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 10 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 12 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 13 met meet VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 15 easy easy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 16 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 20 Goths Goths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 21 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 22 stiffened stiffen VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 24 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 27 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 28 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 30 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 31 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 32 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 34 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 35 Belisarius Belisarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 36 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 37 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 39 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 40 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 41 sieges siege NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 43 Naples Naples NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 45 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 100 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 5 535–536 535–536 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 7 Theodahad Theodahad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 8 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 9 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 10 Agapetus Agapetus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 11 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 15 request request VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 17 removal removal NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 19 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 20 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 22 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 24 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 27 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 101 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 2 Agapetus Agapetus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 3 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 6 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 8 sign sign VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 10 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 12 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 14 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 15 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 17 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 19 Monophysite Monophysite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 20 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 21 Anthimus Anthimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 22 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 24 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 25 denounced denounce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 27 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 28 Empress Empress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 29 Theodora Theodora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 31 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 33 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 102 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 5 Ostrogoths Ostrogoths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 6 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 7 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 9 546 546 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 103 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 1 Belisarius Belisarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 6 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 7 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 9 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 11 544 544 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 14 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 15 recalled recall VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 17 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 19 549 549 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 104 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 5 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 8 Armenian armenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 9 eunuch eunuch NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 10 Narses Narses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 12 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 14 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 15 551 551 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 19 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 21 35,000 35,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 22 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 23 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 24 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 25 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 27 Gothic gothic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 28 fortunes fortune NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 105 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 1 Totila Totila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 3 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 6 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 8 Taginae Taginae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 11 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 13 Teia Teia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 16 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 19 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 21 Mons Mons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 22 Lactarius Lactarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 24 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 25 552 552 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 106 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 2 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 3 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 6 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 7 Gothic gothic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 8 garrisons garrison NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 11 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 12 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 15 Franks Franks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 17 Alemanni Alemanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 20 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 23 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 24 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 28 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 107 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 5 551 551 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 7 Athanagild Athanagild NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 10 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 12 Visigothic Visigothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 13 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 15 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 16 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 18 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 21 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 22 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 24 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 28 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 29 dispatched dispatch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 31 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 32 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 33 Liberius Liberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 36 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 37 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 38 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 108 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 2 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 3 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 8 slice slice NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 11 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 12 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 13 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 14 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 16 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 18 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 109 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 6 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 11 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 12 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 13 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 14 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 15 561 561 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 16 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 18 envoys envoy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 20 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 22 Khosrau Khosrau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 23 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 26 50-year 50-year CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 27 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 110 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 6 mid-550s mid-550s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 8 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 10 won win VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 11 victories victory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 14 theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 16 operation operation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 20 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 21 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 24 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 28 subjected subject VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 30 repeated repeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 31 incursions incursion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 34 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 37 Gepids Gepids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 111 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 1 Tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 3 Serbs Serbs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 5 Croats Croats NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 7 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 8 resettled resettle VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 11 northwestern northwestern NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 12 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 14 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 16 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 18 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 112 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 4 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 5 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 6 Belisarius Belisarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 7 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 9 retirement retirement NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 11 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 13 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 14 Hunnish hunnish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 15 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 113 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 2 strengthening strengthening NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 5 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 6 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 7 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 9 Kutrigur Kutrigur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 10 Huns Huns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 12 withdraw withdraw VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 15 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 18 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 20 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 21 safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 22 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 23 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 24 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 26 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 114 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 5 polytheism polytheism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 8 suppressed suppress VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 14 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 16 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 18 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 21 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 24 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 25 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 27 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 28 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 30 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 31 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 34 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 35 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 38 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 39 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 115 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 4 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 5 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 6 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 9 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 10 amalgamated amalgamate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 12 newer new JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 13 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 14 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 116 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 1 Philosophers philosopher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 5 Philoponus Philoponus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 6 drew draw VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 8 neoplatonic neoplatonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 9 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 11 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 13 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 14 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 16 empiricism empiricism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 117 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 3 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 4 paganism paganism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 7 professors professor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 8 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 9 closed close VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 10 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 12 Neoplatonic Neoplatonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 13 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 15 529 529 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 118 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 2 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 3 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 7 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 9 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 14 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 16 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 18 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 119 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 4 Hymns hymn NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 5 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 7 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 9 Melodist Melodist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 10 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 12 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 15 Divine Divine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 16 Liturgy Liturgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 18 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 20 architects architect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 21 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 23 Miletus Miletus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 25 Anthemius Anthemius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 27 Tralles Tralles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 28 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 30 complete complete VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 32 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 33 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 36 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 37 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 39 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 40 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 42 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 43 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 44 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 45 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 46 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 47 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 48 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 49 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 50 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 51 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 53 Nika Nika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 54 Revolt Revolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 120 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 1 Completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 3 537 537 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 6 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 7 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 8 stands stand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 9 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 121 11 one one CD 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 17 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 19 epidemics epidemic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 22 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 23 devastated devastate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 27 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 30 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 31 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 32 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 35 weakening weakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 38 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 122 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 5 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 6 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 8 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 11 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 13 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 16 refused refuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 18 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 20 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 21 tribute tribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 24 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 123 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 4 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 5 Lombards Lombards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 6 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 7 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 11 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 18 third third NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 20 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 23 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 24 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 124 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 1 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 3 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 5 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 6 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 8 choosing choose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 11 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 13 awarded award VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 14 subsidies subsidy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 17 Avars Avars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 18 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 19 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 20 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 21 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 22 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 24 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 125 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 2 Tiberius Tiberius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 3 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 4 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 6 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 8 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 10 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 11 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 14 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 15 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 17 subsidies subsidy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 18 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 20 restrain restrain VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 22 Avars Avars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 126 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 2 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 4 Balkan balkan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 5 fortress fortress NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 7 Sirmium Sirmium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 9 582 582 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 11 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 13 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 14 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 16 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 127 17 inroads inroad NNS 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legitimate legitimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 21 Khosrau Khosrau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 22 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 23 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 26 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 29 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 30 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 31 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 33 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 128 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 1 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 3 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 7 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 129 9 in in IN 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130 2 602 602 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 5 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 7 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 8 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 9 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 11 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 13 Avars Avars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 15 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 16 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 17 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 19 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 130 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 6 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 8 refusal refusal NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 10 ransom ransom VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 12 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 13 captives captive NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 14 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 17 Avars Avars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 21 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 24 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 26 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 29 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 31 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 32 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 33 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 35 plummet plummet VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 131 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 2 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 3 broke break VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 4 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 5 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 7 officer officer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 8 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 9 Phocas Phocas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 12 marched march VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 14 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 15 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 17 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 19 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 21 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 22 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 24 murdered murder VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 26 trying try VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 28 escape escape VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 132 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 4 Shrinking shrink VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 5 borders[edit borders[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 7 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 8 Heraclian Heraclian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 9 dynasty[edit dynasty[edit , en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 11 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 14 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 18 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 19 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 20 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 22 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 25 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 133 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 1 Fresco Fresco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 3 Piero Piero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 4 della della NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 5 Francesca Francesca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 7 c. c. 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 31 Rashidun Rashidun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 32 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 134 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 6 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 7 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 9 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 12 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 135 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 2 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 4 murder murder NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 6 Phocas Phocas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 8 Khosrau Khosrau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 9 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 11 pretext pretext NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 13 reconquer reconquer VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 16 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 18 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 136 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 4 Phocas phocas NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 7 unpopular unpopular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 8 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 9 invariably invariably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 10 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 12 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 13 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 17 tyrant tyrant NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 22 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 25 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 27 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 29 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 30 plots plot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 137 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 3 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 4 deposed depose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 6 610 610 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 8 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 11 sailed sail VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 15 Carthage carthage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 18 icon icon NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 19 affixed affix VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 22 prow prow NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 24 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 25 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 138 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 6 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 8 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 11 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 12 advance advance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 13 pushed push VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 14 deep deep RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 17 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 19 occupying occupy VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 20 Damascus Damascus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 22 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 24 removing remove VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 139 25 the the DT 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combined combined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 43 Avar Avar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 44 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 45 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 46 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 47 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 48 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 50 626 626 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 53 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 54 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 55 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 56 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 58 icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 61 Virgin Virgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 62 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 63 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 64 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 140 65 in in IN 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year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 13 626 626 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 15 amidst amidst IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 17 climactic climactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 18 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 19 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 20 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 21 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 23 602–628 602–628 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 26 combined combined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 27 Avar Avar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 29 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 32 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 33 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 34 unsuccessfully unsuccessfully RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 35 besieged besiege VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 37 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 38 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 39 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 40 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 42 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 141 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 5 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 6 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 8 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 10 withdraw withdraw VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 12 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 142 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 143 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 143 2 loss loss NN 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Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 143 26 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 143 27 Shahin Shahin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 143 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 7 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 8 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 10 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 12 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 13 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 14 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 15 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 144 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 145 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 145 2 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 145 3 Sassanid sassanid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 145 4 force 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 146 43 595 595 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 146 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 2 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 4 exhausted exhaust VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 5 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 7 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 9 Sassanids Sassanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 11 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 14 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 15 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 16 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 17 vulnerable vulnerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 20 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 147 21 forces force NNS 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Yarmouk Yarmouk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 19 636 636 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 21 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 22 Ctesiphon Ctesiphon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 23 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 25 637 637 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 148 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 4 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 5 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 6 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 10 674–678 674–678 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 14 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 15 system[edit system[edit ADD en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 17 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 18 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 20 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 21 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 24 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 25 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 26 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 28 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 29 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 30 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 31 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 35 Madrid Madrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 36 Skylitzes Skylitzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 38 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 39 Nacional Nacional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 40 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 41 España España NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 43 Madrid Madrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 149 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 2 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 4 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 5 firmly firmly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 7 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 9 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 12 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 14 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 15 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 16 raiding raiding JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 17 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 18 deep deep JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 20 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 21 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 25 674–678 674–678 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 26 laid lay VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 27 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 29 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 30 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 150 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 2 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 3 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 5 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 6 repulsed repulse VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 9 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 11 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 12 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 16 thirty thirty CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 18 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 19 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 20 truce truce NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 22 signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 23 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 28 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 29 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 151 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 7 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 8 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 9 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 10 unabated unabated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 13 accelerated accelerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 15 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 17 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 18 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 19 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 23 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 25 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 26 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 27 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 28 refortifying refortifye VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 29 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 30 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 31 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 32 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 34 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 35 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 36 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 39 relocating relocate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 40 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 42 nearby nearby JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 43 fortresses fortress NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 152 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 5 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 6 dropped drop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 7 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 9 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 12 500,000 500,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 13 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 15 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 16 40,000–70,000 40,000–70,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 20 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 22 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 23 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 27 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 28 ruralised ruralise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 153 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 2 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 4 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 6 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 7 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 8 shipments shipment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 10 618 618 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 13 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 14 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 15 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 18 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 20 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 23 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 26 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 27 wheat wheat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 28 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 29 ceased cease VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 154 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 5 void void NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 6 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 9 disappearance disappearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 12 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 13 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 15 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 16 civic civic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 17 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 19 filled fill VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 22 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 23 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 24 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 27 entailed entail VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 28 dividing divide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 29 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 30 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 33 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 35 occupied occupy VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 37 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 38 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 39 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 40 assumed assume VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 41 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 42 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 44 answered answer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 45 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 48 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 49 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 155 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 2 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 5 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 7 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 9 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 10 ad ad FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 11 hoc hoc FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 12 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 13 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 15 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 18 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 20 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 23 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 26 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 29 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 30 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 31 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 33 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 34 governance governance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 156 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 5 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 6 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 8 institutional institutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 9 restructuring restructuring NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 13 consequent consequent NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 16 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 18 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 21 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 23 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 24 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 25 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 28 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 30 decisive decisive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 31 break break NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 33 east east JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 34 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 35 Romanness Romanness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 39 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 40 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 42 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 43 best best RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 44 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 46 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 47 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 48 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 49 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 50 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 52 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 53 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 56 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 57 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 157 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 4 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 5 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 6 dynasty[edit dynasty[edit , en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 8 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 11 Twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 12 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 13 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 14 Anarchy Anarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 15 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 16 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 19 retinue retinue NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 21 mosaic mosaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 23 Basilica Basilica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 25 Sant'Apollinare Sant'Apollinare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 27 Classe Classe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 158 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 1 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 2 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 3 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 5 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 6 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 7 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 9 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 159 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 2 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 4 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 5 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 7 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 10 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 12 combat combat VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 14 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 16 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 18 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 21 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 22 opened open VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 24 door door NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 27 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 28 southward southward JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 29 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 31 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 32 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 33 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 35 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 41 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 42 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 44 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 45 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 46 shrank shrink VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 48 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 49 fortified fortify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 50 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 160 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 6 670s 670 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 9 Bulgars Bulgars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 11 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 12 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 15 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 18 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 21 Khazars Khazars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 161 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 2 680 680 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 5 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 6 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 8 disperse disperse VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 11 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 13 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 162 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 5 681 681 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 7 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 8 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 9 signed sign VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 11 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 14 Bulgar Bulgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 15 khan khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 16 Asparukh Asparukh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 20 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 21 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 22 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 23 assumed assume VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 24 sovereignty sovereignty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 25 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 27 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 29 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 30 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 32 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 33 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 35 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 36 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 38 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 40 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 41 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 42 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 163 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 5 687–688 687–688 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 8 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 9 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 10 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 12 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 13 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 15 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 17 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 18 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 20 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 22 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 25 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 26 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 27 gains gain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 29 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 31 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 32 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 33 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 34 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 36 fight fight VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 37 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 38 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 40 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 42 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 43 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 45 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 47 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 48 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 49 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 52 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 53 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 54 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 55 declined decline VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 164 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 4 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 6 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 8 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 10 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 13 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 14 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 15 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 16 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 17 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 20 appointment appointment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 23 outsiders outsider NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 26 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 27 posts post NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 165 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 3 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 5 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 7 695 695 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 10 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 11 shelter shelter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 12 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 15 Khazars Khazars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 17 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 20 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 166 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 2 705 705 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 5 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 10 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 13 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 14 khan khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 15 Tervel Tervel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 17 retook retook VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 19 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 22 instituted institute VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 24 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 26 terror terror NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 27 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 28 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 29 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 167 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 3 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 4 overthrow overthrow NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 6 711 711 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 8 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 9 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 13 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 14 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 17 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 18 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 19 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 22 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 168 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 4 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 5 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 6 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 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NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 37   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 38 717 717 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 169 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 170 1 Striped Striped NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 170 2 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 170 3 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 170 4 raided raid VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 170 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 170 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 170 7 Umayyads Umayyads NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 170 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 1 Gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 2 solidus solidus NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 4 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 5 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 7 left left RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 12 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 14 heir heir VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 16 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 17 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 19 right right UH en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 21 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 22 717 717 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 24 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 25 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 26 launched launch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 28 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 30 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 32 717–718 717–718 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 35 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 37 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 38 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 171 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 4 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 6 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 7 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 9 Isaurian Isaurian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 11 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 12 genius genius NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 15 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 16 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 17 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 19 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 20 Fire Fire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 23 cold cold JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 24 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 26 717–718 717–718 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 29 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 30 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 33 Khan Khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 34 Tervel Tervel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 36 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 37 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 40 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 41 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 172 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 2 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 3 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 4 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 5 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 7 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 8 assault assault NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 10 718 718 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 13 addressed address VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 14 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 17 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 19 reorganising reorganise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 21 consolidating consolidate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 23 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 25 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 26 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 173 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 2 740 740 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 4 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 6 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 7 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 8 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 11 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 13 Akroinon Akroinon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 14 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 16 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 17 destroyed destroy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 19 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 20 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 21 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 22 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 174 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 1 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 2 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 4 Isaurian Isaurian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 6 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 8 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 10 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 11 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 13 won win VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 14 noteworthy noteworthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 15 victories victory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 17 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 18 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 21 thoroughly thoroughly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 22 undermined undermine VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 23 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 24 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 175 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 5 746 746 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 7 profiting profit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 10 unstable unstable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 11 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 14 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 15 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 19 falling fall VBG 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176 42 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 43 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 44 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 46 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 47 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 176 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 1 Coupled couple VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 3 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 4 defeats defeat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 7 fronts front NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 10 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 12 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 13 instability instability NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 15 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 16 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 17 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 20 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 177 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 1 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 2 dispute dispute NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 3 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 4 iconoclasm[edit iconoclasm[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 10 iconoclasm iconoclasm NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 12 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 13 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 15 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 16 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 18 Iconoclast iconoclast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 19 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 22 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 23 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 24 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 26 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 178 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 2 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 4 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 5 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 6 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 9 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 11 controversy controversy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 13 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 179 14 division division NN 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of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 8 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 9 imagery imagery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 12 banned ban VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 14 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 16 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 18 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 19 730 730 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 21 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 23 revolts revolt NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 25 iconodules iconodule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 27 supporters supporter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 29 icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 31 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 33 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 180 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 3 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 5 empress empress NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 6 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 9 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 10 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 12 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 13 met meet VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 15 787 787 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 17 affirmed affirm VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 19 icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 22 venerated venerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 25 worshipped worship VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 181 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 1 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 3 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 6 endeavoured endeavour VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 8 negotiate negotiate VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 10 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 12 herself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 14 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 18 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 20 Theophanes Theophanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 22 Confessor Confessor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 25 scheme scheme NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 27 frustrated frustrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 29 Aetios Aetios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 31 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 33 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 34 favourites favourite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 182 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 7 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 10 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 11 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 12 reintroduced reintroduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 14 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 16 iconoclasm iconoclasm NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 20 843 843 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 21 Empress Empress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 22 Theodora Theodora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 23 restored restore VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 25 veneration veneration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 27 icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 30 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 32 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 33 Methodios Methodios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 183 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 4 Iconoclasm Iconoclasm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 5 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 10 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 11 alienation alienation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 13 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 18 worsened worsen VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 19 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 21 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 23 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 24 Photian photian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 25 schism schism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 27 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 28 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 29 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 30 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 31 challenged challenge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 33 elevation elevation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 35 Photios Photios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 38 patriarchate patriarchate NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 184 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 4 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 5 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 7 resurgence resurgence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 9 867–1025)[edit 867–1025)[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 11 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 14 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 18 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 19 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 21 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 24 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 25 867 867 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 26 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 27 accession accession NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 29 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 30 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 33 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 35 867 867 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 36 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 38 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 41 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 42 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 44 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 45 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 46 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 47 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 49 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 50 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 53 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 54 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 185 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 2 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 3 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 8 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 9 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 11 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 13 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 17 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 21 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 23 resurgence resurgence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 186 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 3 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 5 defending defend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 6 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 7 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 8 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 10 reconquest reconquest VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 12 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 13 formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 14 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 187 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 8 reassertion reassertion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 10 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 11 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 12 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 14 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 15 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 18 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 19 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 21 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 22 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 24 characterised characterise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 27 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 28 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 30 spheres sphere NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 33 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 36 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 188 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 4 conscious conscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 5 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 7 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 9 brilliance brilliance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 13 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 15 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 17 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 18 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 19 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 23 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 24 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 26 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 27 dubbed dub VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 30 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 31 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 34 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 189 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 8 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 9 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 11 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 13 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 15 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 19 regained regain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 20 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 21 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 25 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 26 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 28 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 29 geographically geographically RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 30 dispersed dispersed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 32 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 33 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 35 economically economically RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 38 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 39 integrated integrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 190 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 1 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 2 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 4 Abbasids[edit abbasids[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 9 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 11 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 12 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 14 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 15 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 16 Phokas Phokas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 17 defeats defeat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 19 Hamdanid Hamdanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 20 Emirate Emirate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 22 Aleppo Aleppo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 24 Andrassos Andrassos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 26 960 960 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 30 Madrid Madrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 31 Skylitzes Skylitzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 32 Taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 33 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 36 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 37 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 38 weakness weakness NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 39 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 41 Revolt Revolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 43 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 45 Slav Slav NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 48 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 49 820s 820 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 52 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 53 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 54 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 55 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 57 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 58 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 191 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 3 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 4 attacked attack VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 5 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 9 863 863 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 10 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 11 Petronas Petronas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 12 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 14 decisive decisive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 15 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 16 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 17 Umar Umar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 18 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 20 Aqta Aqta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 23 emir emir NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 25 Melitene Melitene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 27 Malatya Malatya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 192 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 3 leadership leadership NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 5 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 6 Krum Krum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 9 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 10 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 12 re re VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 13 - - VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 14 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 18 815–816 815–816 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 19 Krum Krum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 21 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 23 Omurtag Omurtag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 25 signed sign VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 27 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 28 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 30 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 31 V.[84 V.[84 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 33 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 35 830s 830 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 36 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 37 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 38 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 39 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 40 excursions excursion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 41 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 42 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 44 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 47 Sack Sack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 49 Amorium Amorium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 193 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 2 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 3 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 4 counter counter JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 5 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 6 attacked attacked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 8 sacked sack VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 9 Damietta Damietta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 194 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 1 Later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 3 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 4 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 5 responded respond VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 7 sending send VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 9 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 11 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 12 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 14 sacking sack VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 16 marauding marauding NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 17 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 20 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 21 annihilated annihilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 24 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 26 863 863 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 195 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 4 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 6 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 7 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 8 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 9 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 11 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 12 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 15 coasts coast NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 17 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 19 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 20 repelled repel VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 24 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 25 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 26 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 27 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 28 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 29 secure secure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 30 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 31 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 196 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 2 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 4 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 6 penetrate penetrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 9 interior interior NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 11 convert convert VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 13 Serbs Serbs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 16 principalities principality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 18 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 20 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 21 Herzegovina Herzegovina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 23 Montenegro Montenegro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 25 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 197 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 5 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 8 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 9 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 11 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 12 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 14 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 15 consolidated consolidate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 16 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 19 873 873 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 20 Bari Bari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 22 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 23 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 24 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 25 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 26 rule,[85 rule,[85 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 29 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 31 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 32 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 33 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 34 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 38 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 40 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 41 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 42 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 198 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 7 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 8 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 9 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 13 rebuilt rebuild VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 15 defences defence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 17 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 20 offensive offensive NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 199 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 2 Paulicians Paulicians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 4 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 9 Tephrike Tephrike NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 11 Divrigi Divrigi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 13 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 17 offensive offensive NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 18 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 20 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 21 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 22 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 25 recapture recapture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 27 Samosata Samosata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 200 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 4 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 6 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 7 successes success NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 9 coupled couple VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 12 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 13 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 14 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 17 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 19 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 20 Macedonian Macedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 21 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 201 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 1 Miniature miniature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 4 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 5 Psalter Psalter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 8 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 10 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 12 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 13 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 202 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 2 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 4 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 6 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 8 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 9 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 11 Wise Wise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 14 gains gain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 17 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 18 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 20 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 22 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 23 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 24 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 25 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 203 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 3 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 5 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 8 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 10 902 902 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 14 904 904 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 15 Thessaloniki Thessaloniki NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 20 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 21 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 24 sacked sack VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 27 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 28 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 204 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 2 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 3 weakness weakness NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 8 rectified rectified JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 205 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 3 revenge revenge NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 5 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 7 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 8 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 10 strike strike VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 12 decisive decisive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 13 blow blow NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 14 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 16 Muslims Muslims NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 19 inflicted inflict VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 21 crushing crush VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 22 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 25 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 26 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 27 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 29 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 31 regain regain VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 32 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 34 911 911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 206 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 5 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 8 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 9 tsar tsar NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 10 Simeon Simeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 11 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 13 927 927 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 14 severely severely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 15 weakened weaken VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 17 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 19 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 21 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 23 concentrate concentrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 26 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 27 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 207 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 4 Melitene Melitene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 6 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 7 recaptured recapture VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 9 934 934 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 13 943 943 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 15 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 16 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 17 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 18 Kourkouas Kourkouas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 19 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 21 offensive offensive NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 23 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 26 noteworthy noteworthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 27 victories victory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 29 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 32 reconquest reconquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 34 Edessa Edessa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 208 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 1 Kourkouas Kourkouas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 3 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 4 celebrated celebrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 6 returning return VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 10 venerated venerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 11 Mandylion Mandylion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 14 relic relic NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 15 purportedly purportedly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 16 imprinted imprint VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 19 portrait portrait NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 21 Christ Christ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 209 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 5 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 7 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 8 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 9 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 10 Phokas Phokas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 12 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 14 963–969 963–969 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 17 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 18 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 19 Tzimiskes Tzimiskes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 21 969–976 969–976 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 23 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 25 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 28 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 30 defeating defeat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 32 emirs emir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 34 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 36 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 37 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 210 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 2 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 3 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 5 Aleppo Aleppo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 7 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 9 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 11 962 962 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 14 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 16 decisively decisively RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 17 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 19 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 21 963 963 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 211 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 2 recapture recapture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 4 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 5 put put VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 7 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 9 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 10 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 13 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 14 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 15 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 16 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 18 flourish flourish VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 19 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 20 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 212 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 1 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 3 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 4 retaken retake VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 6 965 965 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 9 successes success NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 11 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 12 culminated culminate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 14 969 969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 17 recapture recapture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 19 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 22 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 23 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 26 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 213 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 4 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 5 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 7 Tzimiskes Tzimiskes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 8 recaptured recapture VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 9 Damascus Damascus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 11 Beirut Beirut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 13 Acre Acre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 15 Sidon Sidon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 17 Caesarea Caesarea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 20 Tiberias Tiberias NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 22 putting put VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 23 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 24 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 25 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 26 striking strike VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 27 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 29 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 31 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 33 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 34 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 35 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 37 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 39 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 40 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 41 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 42 untouched untouched JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 214 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 5 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 6 campaigning campaigning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 9 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 12 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 13 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 14 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 16 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 19 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 20 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 22 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 25 targeted target VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 27 1025 1025 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 29 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 30 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 32 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 33 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 34 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 36 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 37 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 38 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 39 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 215 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 4 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 7 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 8 stretched stretch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 11 straits strait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 13 Messina Messina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 16 Euphrates Euphrates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 20 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 22 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 216 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 4 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 5 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 7 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 8 Empire[edit empire[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 10 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 13 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 15 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 16 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 17 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 18 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 19 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 21 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 23 976–1025 976–1025 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 26 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 31 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 32 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 34 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 35 struggle struggle NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 38 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 40 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 41 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 42 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 44 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 45 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 47 spurred spur VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 48 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 50 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 52 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 53 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 54 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 56 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 57 Christianised christianise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 58 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 60 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 217 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 4 Ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 5 eighty eighty CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 6 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 8 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 12 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 15 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 16 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 17 tsar tsar NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 18 Simeon Simeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 19 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 20 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 22 894 894 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 25 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 26 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 29 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 31 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 32 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 34 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 36 sail sail VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 37 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 39 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 40 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 42 attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 44 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 45 rear rear NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 47 enlisting enlist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 49 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 52 Hungarians Hungarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 218 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 2 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 5 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 7 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 10 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 12 Boulgarophygon Boulgarophygon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 14 896 896 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 16 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 19 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 21 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 22 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 23 subsidies subsidy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 26 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 219 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 4 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 6 Wise Wise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 7 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 9 912 912 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 12 hostilities hostility NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 13 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 14 resumed resume VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 16 Simeon Simeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 17 marched march VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 19 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 22 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 25 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 26 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 220 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 6 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 9 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 11 impregnable impregnable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 14 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 15 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 18 disarray disarray NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 20 Simeon Simeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 22 invited invite VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 25 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 27 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 28 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 30 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 32 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 34 basileus basileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 36 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 39 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 41 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 43 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 44 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 45 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 46 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 47 marry marry VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 48 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 50 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 51 daughters daughter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 221 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 3 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 6 halted halt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 8 dynastic dynastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 9 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 11 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 12 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 13 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 14 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 16 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 17 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 222 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 5 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 6 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 7 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 9 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 12 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 13 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 15 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 17 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 18 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 19 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 20 marching marching NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 21 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 23 Constantinople,[83 Constantinople,[83 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 28 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 30 fight fight VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 32 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 33 fronts front NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 223 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 5 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 6 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 7 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 9 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 10 Phocas Phocas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 12 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 13 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 14 Lekapenos Lekapenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 15 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 17 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 18 crushing crush VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 19 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 20 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 23 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 25 Achelous Achelous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 27 917 917 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 31 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 32 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 34 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 36 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 38 ravage ravage VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 39 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 40 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 224 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 1 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 3 plundered plunder VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 4 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 6 923 923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 10 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 11 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 12 laid lay VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 13 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 17 924 924 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 225 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 1 Simeon Simeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 2 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 3 suddenly suddenly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 5 927 927 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 10 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 11 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 12 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 14 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 226 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 1 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 3 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 4 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 6 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 9 peaceful peaceful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 10 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 16 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 17 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 19 concentrate concentrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 22 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 23 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 24 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 26 Muslims Muslims NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 227 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 5 968 968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 7 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 9 overrun overrun NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 12 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 13 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 14 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 15 Sviatoslav Sviatoslav NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 16 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 18 Kiev Kiev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 21 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 22 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 23 later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 25 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 26 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 27 Tzimiskes Tzimiskes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 28 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 30 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 31 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 33 re re JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 34 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 35 incorporated incorporated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 36 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 37 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 38 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 40 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 41 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 228 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 4 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 5 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 6 revived revive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 9 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 12 Cometopuli Cometopuli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 13 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 18 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 19 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 20 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 22 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 24 976–1025 976–1025 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 26 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 28 submission submission NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 31 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 32 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 33 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 34 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 229 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 4 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 7 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 8 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 9 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 11 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 13 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 16 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 19 Gates Gates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 21 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 230 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 3 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 4 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 5 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 8 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 9 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 11 preoccupied preoccupy VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 13 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 14 revolts revolt NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 16 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 18 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 20 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 21 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 23 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 26 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 231 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 2 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 3 dragged drag VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 4 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 6 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 7 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 8 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 232 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 3 victories victory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 5 Spercheios Spercheios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 7 Skopje Skopje NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 8 decisively decisively RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 9 weakened weaken VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 11 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 12 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 16 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 17 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 19 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 20 methodically methodically RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 21 reduced reduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 23 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 24 strongholds stronghold NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 233 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 6 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 8 Kleidion Kleidion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 10 1014 1014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 12 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 14 annihilated annihilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 17 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 19 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 24 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 26 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 27 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 29 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 30 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 31 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 33 blinded blinded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 37 hundredth hundredth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 38 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 39 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 41 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 42 eye eye NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 43 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 44 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 45 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 46 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 47 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 48 compatriots compatriot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 49 home home RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 234 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 2 Tsar Tsar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 3 Samuil Samuil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 4 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 6 broken broken JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 7 remains remain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 10 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 11 formidable formidable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 12 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 14 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 15 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 17 shock shock NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 235 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 2 1018 1018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 6 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 7 strongholds stronghold NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 9 surrendered surrender VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 13 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 14 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 15 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 236 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 5 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 6 restored restore VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 8 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 9 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 15 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 16 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 18 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 21 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 22 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 237 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 4 Relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 7 Kievan Kievan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 8 Rus'[edit Rus'[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 10 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 11 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 12 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 14 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 18 860 860 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 20 Varangian Varangian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 21 Guardsmen Guardsmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 24 illumination illumination NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 27 Skylitzis Skylitzis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 28 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 29 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 30 850 850 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 32 1100 1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 36 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 38 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 39 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 42 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 43 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 46 Kievan Kievan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 47 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 48 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 50 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 51 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 52 emerged emerge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 53 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 55 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 56 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 58 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 59 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 238 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 5 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 6 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 8 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 10 lasting last VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 11 repercussions repercussion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 14 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 17 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 18 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 23 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 24 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 26 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 27 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 29 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 30 partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 32 Kiev Kiev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 239 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 2 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 3 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 4 launched launch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 7 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 8 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 9 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 11 860 860 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 13 pillaging pillage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 15 suburbs suburb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 18 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 240 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 2 941 941 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 5 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 8 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 9 shore shore NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 12 Bosphorus Bosphorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 16 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 19 crushed crush VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 22 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 25 improvements improvement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 28 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 29 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 30 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 31 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 32 907 907 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 34 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 35 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 36 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 37 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 38 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 39 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 41 push push VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 42 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 44 invaders invader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 241 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 1 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 3 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 5 ignore ignore VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 7 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 8 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 11 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 16 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 18 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 21 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 23 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 24 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 25 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 28 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 31 achievement achievement NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 33 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 34 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 242 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 4 Rus'–Byzantine rus'–byzantine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 5 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 7 closer close RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 8 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 10 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 12 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 13 Porphyrogeneta Porphyrogeneta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 15 Vladimir Vladimir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 17 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 19 988 988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 23 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 24 Christianisation Christianisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 27 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 28 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 243 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 5 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 7 architects architect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 10 artists artist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 12 invited invite VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 14 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 16 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 17 cathedrals cathedral NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 19 churches church NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 20 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 21 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 22 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 24 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 25 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 26 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 27 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 28 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 29 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 31 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 32 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 33 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 34 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 35 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 38 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 39 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 41 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 43 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 44 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 47 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 48 Varangian Varangian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 49 Guard Guard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 244 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 4 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 7 Christianisation christianisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 10 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 11 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 13 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 15 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 18 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 19 friendly friendly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 245 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 3 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 4 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 8 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 11 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 13 968–971 968–971 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 15 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 18 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 19 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 20 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 21 raiding raid VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 22 expeditions expedition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 23 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 25 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 26 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 29 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 30 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 31 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 33 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 34 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 35 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 36 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 37 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 246 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 4 repulsed repulse VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 6 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 9 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 11 treaties treaty NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 14 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 15 favourable favourable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 18 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 19 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 24 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 25 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 28 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 31 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 33 1043 1043 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 35 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 38 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 39 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 40 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 42 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 44 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 45 ambitions ambition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 47 compete compete VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 48 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 50 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 52 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 53 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 54 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 247 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 4 Campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 7 Caucasus[edit caucasus[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 12 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 14 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 15 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 16 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 17 1021 1021 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 19 1022 1022 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 21 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 22 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 24 tensions tension NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 26 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 27 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 28 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 30 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 32 victorious victorious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 33 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 34 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 36 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 38 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 40 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 43 annexation annexation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 45 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 46 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 47 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 50 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 248 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 1 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 3 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 5 annexed annex VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 6 Bagratid Bagratid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 7 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 9 1045 1045 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 249 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 1 Importantly importantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 3 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 4 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 6 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 8 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 9 weakened weaken VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 12 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 13 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 15 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 17 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 18 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 20 abolishing abolishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 23 levy levy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 250 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 2 weakening weakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 4 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 6 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 8 play play VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 10 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 11 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 14 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 15 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 17 Manzikert Manzikert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 19 1071 1071 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 251 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 2 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 4 Apex[edit apex[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 9 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 11 wealthiest wealthy JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 12 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 14 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 15 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 16 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 17 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 22 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 23 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 24 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 26 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 27 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 29 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 252 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 1 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 4 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 5 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 8 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 10 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 13 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 16 apex apex NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 19 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 22 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 23 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 253 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 2 1025 1025 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 5 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 7 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 10 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 15 stretched stretch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 17 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 20 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 22 Calabria Calabria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 24 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 25 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 28 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 254 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 5 successes success NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 8 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 10 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 13 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 15 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 18 annexation annexation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 20 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 22 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 24 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 28 reconquest reconqu JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 30 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 32 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 36 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 37 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 39 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 255 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 4 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 5 tactical tactical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 6 gains gain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 8 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 11 reconquests reconquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 256 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 4 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 5 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 6 achieved achieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 8 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 9 codification codification NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 11 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 14 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 257 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 2 monumental monumental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 3 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 5 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 6 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 7 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 9 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 12 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 13 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 17 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 18 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 19 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 258 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 2 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 4 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 6 reformed reform VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 8 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 13 redrawing redrawe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 15 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 18 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 19 subdivisions subdivision NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 22 Themata Themata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 26 Themes Themes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 30 tidying tidy VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 31 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 33 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 35 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 37 privileges privilege NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 39 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 40 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 42 regulating regulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 44 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 47 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 48 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 49 guilds guild NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 51 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 259 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 1 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 3 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 4 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 5 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 7 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 9 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 10 fragmentation fragmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 16 henceforth henceforth RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 19 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 21 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 23 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 260 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 2 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 7 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 8 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 9 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 13 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 14 enriched enrich VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 16 empowered empower VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 18 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 19 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 21 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 24 peasantry peasantry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 28 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 29 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 32 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 34 serfdom serfdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 261 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 2 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 4 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 6 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 7 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 12 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 13 flourished flourish VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 15 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 17 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 19 wealthiest wealthy JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 20 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 22 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 26 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 28 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 29 400,000 400,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 32 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 34 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 35 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 262 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 2 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 9 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 11 employed employ VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 13 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 14 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 15 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 16 staffed staff VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 18 competent competent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 19 aristocrats aristocrat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 21 oversaw oversee VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 23 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 25 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 27 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 28 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 31 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 32 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 263 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 2 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 3 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 5 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 9 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 11 fostering foster VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 12 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 14 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 15 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 17 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 18 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 20 sale sale NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 22 silk silk NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 24 metalwork metalwork NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 264 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 2 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 4 Split Split VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 6 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 8 Catholicism Catholicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 10 1054)[edit 1054)[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 12 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 13 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 15 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 16 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 17 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 18 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 19 Mural Mural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 21 Saints Saints NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 22 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 24 Methodius Methodius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 26 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 29 Troyan Troyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 30 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 32 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 34 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 35 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 36 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 37 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 38 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 40 momentous momentous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 41 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 42 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 265 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 2 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 5 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 7 Serbs Serbs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 9 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 10 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 12 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 13 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 14 drew draw VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 16 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 17 map map NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 19 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 21 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 22 resonates resonate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 23 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 266 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 1 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 3 Methodius Methodius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 7 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 8 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 10 Thessaloniki Thessaloniki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 12 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 13 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 16 Christianization Christianization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 19 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 23 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 24 devised devise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 26 Glagolitic glagolitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 27 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 29 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 32 Cyrillic cyrillic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 33 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 267 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 2 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 5 1054 1054 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 7 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 10 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 12 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 13 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 16 Chalcedonian Chalcedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 17 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 18 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 19 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 21 terminal terminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 22 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 27 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 28 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 29 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 30 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 268 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 5 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 6 declaration declaration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 8 institutional institutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 9 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 12 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 13 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 15 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 16 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 17 papal papal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 18 legates legate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 19 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 21 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 22 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 23 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 24 Divine Divine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 25 Liturgy Liturgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 28 Saturday Saturday NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 29 afternoon afternoon NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 31 placed place VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 33 bull bull NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 35 excommunication excommunication NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 38 altar,[108 altar,[108 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 41 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 43 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 44 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 45 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 46 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 47 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 49 culmination culmination NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 51 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 53 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 54 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 269 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 4 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 6 fragmentation[edit fragmentation[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 9 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 11 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 12 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 17 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 19 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 22 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 23 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 26 undermining undermining NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 29 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 30 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 33 neglect neglect NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 36 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 270 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 1 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 5 Tzimiskes Tzimiskes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 8 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 9 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 10 shifted shift VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 12 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 15 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 16 divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 18 τάγματα τάγματα NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 20 tagmata tagmata NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 24 reactive reactive NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 26 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 28 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 29 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 30 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 33 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 35 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 36 career career NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 37 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 39 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 40 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 41 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 42 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 43 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 271 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 1 Mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 3 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 10 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 12 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 13 receded recede VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 16 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 19 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 20 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 22 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 24 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 25 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 26 garrisons garrison NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 28 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 29 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 272 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 2 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 4 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 6 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 8 burgeoning burgeon VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 9 treasury treasury NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 10 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 12 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 16 neglected neglect VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 18 plan plan VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 21 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 273 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 1 None none NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 4 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 5 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 7 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 8 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 9 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 11 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 12 talent talent NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 15 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 16 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 17 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 18 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 21 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 24 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 25 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 274 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 1 Incompetent incompetent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 2 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 4 revive revive VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 7 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 8 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 10 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 11 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 14 debased debased JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 15 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 16 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 275 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 2 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 4 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 5 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 7 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 9 unnecessary unnecessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 10 expense expense NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 13 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 14 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 276 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 2 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 4 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 5 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 6 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 8 demobilised demobilise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 10 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 11 augmenting augment VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 13 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 15 dependence dependence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 17 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 22 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 24 dismissed dismiss VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 27 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 29 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 30 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 277 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 2 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 5 seizure seizure NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 7 Edessa Edessa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 9 1031 1031 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 13 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 14 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 15 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 16 Maniakes Maniakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 278 19 counterattack counterattack NN 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 10 Normans Normans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 13 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 15 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 18 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 21 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 279 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 5 strife strife NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 10 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 13 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 16 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 18 1054 1054 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 21 Normans Normans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 22 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 24 advance advance VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 26 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 28 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 30 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 31 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 32 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 280 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 2 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 4 Reggio Reggio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 10 tagma tagma NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 12 Calabria Calabria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 15 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 17 1060 1060 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 19 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 20 Guiscard Guiscard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 22 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 24 Otranto Otranto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 26 1068 1068 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 281 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 1 Bari Bari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 4 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 6 stronghold stronghold NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 8 Apulia Apulia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 11 besieged besiege VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 13 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 14 1068 1068 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 16 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 18 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 19 1071 1071 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 282 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 2 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 4 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 5 1053 1053 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 7 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 8 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 9 disbanded disband VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 10 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 12 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 13 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 14 Skylitzes Skylitzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 15 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 18 Iberian iberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 19 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 23 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 25 50,000 50,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 26 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 30 turned turn VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 33 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 34 Drungary Drungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 37 Watch Watch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 283 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 3 knowledgeable knowledgeable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 4 contemporaries contemporary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 7 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 8 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 9 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 10 Attaleiates Attaleiates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 12 Kekaumenos Kekaumenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 14 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 16 Skylitzes Skylitzes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 19 demobilising demobilise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 20 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 21 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 22 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 23 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 24 catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 25 harm harm NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 30 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 31 defences defence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 284 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 2 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 3 lent lend VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 4 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 7 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 8 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 10 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 14 1068 1068 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 15 secured secure VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 17 election election NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 22 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 24 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 25 Diogenes Diogenes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 28 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 285 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 3 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 5 1071 1071 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 7 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 8 undertook undertake VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 10 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 11 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 12 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 14 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 16 Seljuks Seljuks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 19 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 20 engagement engagement NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 23 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 24 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 286 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 3 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 5 Manzikert Manzikert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 7 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 8 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 10 surprise surprise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 11 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 13 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 14 Alp Alp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 15 Arslan Arslan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 20 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 287 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 1 Alp Alp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 2 Arslan Arslan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 3 treated treat VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 4 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 6 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 8 imposed impose VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 10 harsh harsh JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 11 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 14 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 288 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 2 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 10 coup coup NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 11 put put NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 13 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 14 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 15 Doukas Doukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 18 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 19 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 21 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 23 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 24 Bryennios Bryennios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 26 Nikephoros Nikephoros NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 27 Botaneiates Botaneiates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 289 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 2 1081 1081 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 5 Seljuks Seljuks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 7 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 9 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 11 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 13 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 14 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 15 plateau plateau NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 17 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 20 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 22 Bithynia Bithynia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 25 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 30 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 32 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 34 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 36 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 37 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 38 kilometres kilometre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 40 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 41 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 44 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 290 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 2 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 4 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 5 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 8 Crusades[edit crusades[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 10 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 15 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 17 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 18 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 20 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 21 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 22 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 23 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 25 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 28 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 29 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 30 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 32 Komnenian Komnenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 35 Comnenian Comnenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 37 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 39 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 40 1081 1081 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 42 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 43 1185 1185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 46 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 47 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 50 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 51 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 53 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 54 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 56 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 57 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 59 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 60 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 62 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 63 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 66 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 67 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 68 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 69 presided preside VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 70 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 72 sustained sustained JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 74 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 75 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 76 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 78 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 81 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 83 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 85 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 87 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 88 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 89 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 90 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 91 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 92 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 93 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 291 94 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 2 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 6 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 7 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 8 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 10 heartland heartland NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 15 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 18 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 19 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 20 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 22 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 23 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 25 directed direct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 26 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 27 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 28 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 30 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 32 Normans Normans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 292 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 2 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 5 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 8 Komnenoi Komnenoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 9 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 11 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 12 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 15 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 18 Crusades Crusades NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 21 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 22 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 25 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 26 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 27 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 28 helped help VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 29 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 30 about about RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 32 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 33 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 34 exerting exert VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 35 enormous enormous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 36 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 38 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 39 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 41 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 44 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 45 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 49 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 50 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 52 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 53 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 54 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 55 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 57 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 293 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 1 Contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 2 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 3 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 7 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 9 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 11 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 13 Crusader Crusader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 14 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 16 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 17 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 20 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 21 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 294 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 1 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 4 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 5 traders trader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 7 resident resident JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 9 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 10 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 12 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 15 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 17 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 20 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 21 60,000 60,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 22 Latins Latins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 24 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 25 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 27 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 30 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 32 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 34 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 35 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 36 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 40 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 41 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 42 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 45 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 46 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 47 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 48 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 49 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 50 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 52 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 53 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 54 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 55 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 56 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 57 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 59 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 61 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 63 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 64 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 66 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 67 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 69 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 70 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 71 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 72 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 73 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 74 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 75 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 76 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 77 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 79 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 80 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 81 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 82 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 295 83 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 2 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 5 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 7 prosperity prosperity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 9 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 10 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 13 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 19 peaks peak NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 21 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 22 history,[117 history,[117 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 25 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 26 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 28 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 29 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 32 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 33 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 35 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 37 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 40 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 296 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 2 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 7 renewed renew VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 8 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 10 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 11 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 12 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 18 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 20 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 21 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 23 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 24 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 297 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 2 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 5 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 8 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 10 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 12 eminent eminent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 13 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 15 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 19 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 20 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 22 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 23 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 26 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 27 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 29 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 31 enormous enormous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 34 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 35 lasting lasting JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 36 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 298 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 2 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 4 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 8 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 9 Crusade[edit crusade[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 11 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 14 Alexios alexio NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 15 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 16 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 17 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 20 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 21 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 23 Chora Chora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 24 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 26 dating date VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 29 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 30 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 33 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 36 finest fine JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 37 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 38 frescoes fresco NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 40 mosaics mosaic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 299 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 2 Manzikert Manzikert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 5 partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 6 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 8 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 12 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 13 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 16 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 17 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 20 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 21 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 300 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 2 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 5 Komnenoi Komnenoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 6 attained attain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 7 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 8 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 10 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 11 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 13 1081 1081 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 301 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 3 outset outset NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 6 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 8 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 9 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 11 formidable formidable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 12 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 15 Normans Normans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 17 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 18 Guiscard Guiscard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 21 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 22 Bohemund Bohemund NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 24 Taranto Taranto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 27 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 28 Dyrrhachium Dyrrhachium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 30 Corfu Corfu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 33 laid lay VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 34 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 36 Larissa Larissa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 38 Thessaly Thessaly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 302 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 1 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 2 Guiscard Guiscard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 4 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 6 1085 1085 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 7 temporarily temporarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 8 eased ease VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 10 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 11 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 303 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 2 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 3 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 6 Seljuq Seljuq NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 7 sultan sultan NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 8 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 12 sultanate sultanate NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 14 split split VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 16 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 17 rivalries rivalry NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 304 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 3 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 4 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 5 , , . en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 6 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 7 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 9 Pechenegs Pechenegs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 13 caught catch VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 15 surprise surprise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 17 annihilated annihilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 20 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 22 Levounion Levounion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 24 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 25 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 26 1091 1091 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 305 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 9 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 10 Sultanate Sultanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 12 Rûm Rûm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 13 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 15 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 16 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 18 1095–1099 1095–1099 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 20 Having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 21 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 22 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 25 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 27 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 28 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 29 turn turn VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 30 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 31 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 34 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 35 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 36 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 39 disintegration disintegration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 42 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 43 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 44 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 45 defences defence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 306 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 2 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 7 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 8 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 10 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 11 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 12 manpower manpower NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 14 recover recover VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 16 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 17 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 19 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 20 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 23 advance advance VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 24 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 26 Seljuks Seljuks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 307 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 3 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 5 Piacenza Piacenza NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 7 1095 1095 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 9 envoys envoy VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 11 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 12 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 14 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 15 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 16 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 17 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 19 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 22 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 25 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 28 underscored underscore VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 30 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 31 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 34 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 35 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 36 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 37 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 39 suffer suffer VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 40 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 41 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 42 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 308 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 4 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 5 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 6 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 8 request request NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 11 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 12 opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 14 cement cement VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 15 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 18 reunite reunite VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 20 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 21 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 22 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 25 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 26 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 27 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 28 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 29 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 30 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 309 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 5 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 6 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 7 1095 1095 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 9 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 10 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 12 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 13 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 15 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 17 Clermont Clermont NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 20 urged urge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 21 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 22 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 23 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 25 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 26 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 27 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 28 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 30 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 33 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 35 launch launch VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 36 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 37 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 38 pilgrimage pilgrimage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 40 recover recover VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 41 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 44 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 45 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 47 Muslims Muslims NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 310 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 311 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 311 2 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 311 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 311 4 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 311 5 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 311 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 311 7 overwhelming overwhelming JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 311 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 4 Alexios alexio NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 6 anticipated anticipate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 7 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 12 mercenary mercenary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 13 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 16 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 19 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 21 totally totally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 22 unprepared unprepared JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 25 immense immense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 27 undisciplined undisciplined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 28 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 30 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 31 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 33 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 34 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 312 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 4 comfort comfort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 6 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 8 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 10 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 13 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 14 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 17 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 18 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 21 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 23 Normans Normans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 27 Bohemund Bohemund NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 313 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 3 crusade crusade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 6 pass pass VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 10 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 13 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 16 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 314 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 2 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 3 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 4 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 6 swear swear VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 8 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 11 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 12 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 13 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 15 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 17 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 18 reconquer reconquer VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 21 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 24 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 27 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 28 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 315 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 2 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 5 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 6 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 7 guides guide NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 10 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 11 escort escort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 316 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 2 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 4 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 6 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 8 recover recover VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 12 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 13 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 15 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 19 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 20 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 22 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 23 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 24 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 317 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 2 Crusaders Crusaders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 3 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 5 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 6 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 8 vassals vassal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 11 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 13 Devol Devol NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 15 1108 1108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 18 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 20 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 23 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 24 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 25 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 26 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 27 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 28 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 318 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 2 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 7 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 8 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 11 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 12 Crusade[edit crusade[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 14 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 15 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 17 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 18 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 19 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 21 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 22 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 23 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 24 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 25 mosaic mosaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 28 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 29 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 31 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 33 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 34 Istanbul Istanbul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 37 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 38 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 40 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 42 flanked flank VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 44 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 45 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 46 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 48 left left RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 51 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 52 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 53 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 55 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 57 right right UH en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 60 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 61 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 62 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 63 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 64 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 65 orange orange NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 67 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 68 1180 1180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 70 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 72 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 75 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 76 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 77 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 78 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 79 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 80 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 81 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 82 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 83 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 84 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 85 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 86 1118 1118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 87 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 88 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 89 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 90 1143 1143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 319 91 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 4 pious pious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 6 dedicated dedicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 7 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 10 determined determined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 12 undo undo VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 14 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 17 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 18 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 21 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 23 Manzikert Manzikert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 25 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 28 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 320 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 2 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 4 Famed fame VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 7 piety piety NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 10 remarkably remarkably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 11 mild mild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 13 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 14 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 16 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 19 exceptional exceptional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 20 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 23 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 24 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 27 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 28 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 29 cruelty cruelty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 32 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 321 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 2 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 6 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 8 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 11 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 14 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 15 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 322 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 3 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 5 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 7 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 8 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 11 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 12 alliances alliance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 15 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 20 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 22 decisively decisively RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 23 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 25 Pechenegs Pechenegs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 28 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 30 Beroia Beroia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 323 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 2 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 5 thwarted thwart VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 6 Hungarian hungarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 8 Serbian serbian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 9 threats threat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 12 1120s 1120 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 16 1130 1130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 17 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 18 allied ally VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 19 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 22 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 23 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 24 Lothair Lothair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 25 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 26 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 28 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 29 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 30 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 31 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 33 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 324 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 2 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 6 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 10 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 12 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 13 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 15 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 18 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 20 personally personally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 21 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 22 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 23 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 24 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 26 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 28 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 29 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 325 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 2 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 3 fundamentally fundamentally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 4 altered alter VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 6 balance balance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 8 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 11 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 13 forcing force VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 15 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 16 onto onto IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 18 defensive defensive NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 20 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 21 restoring restore VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 22 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 23 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 25 fortresses fortress NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 28 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 29 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 31 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 34 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 326 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 2 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 4 Danishmend Danishmend NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 5 Emirate Emirate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 7 Melitene Melitene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 9 reconquered reconquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 12 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 14 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 15 forcing force VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 16 Raymond Raymond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 18 Poitiers Poitiers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 20 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 22 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 25 recognise recognise VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 26 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 27 suzerainty suzerainty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 327 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 2 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 3 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 5 demonstrate demonstrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 7 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 9 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 12 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 15 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 16 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 18 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 19 marched march VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 22 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 23 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 26 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 29 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 30 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 36 Crusader Crusader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 37 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 39 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 40 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 41 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 42 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 43 vigour vigour NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 44 pressing press VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 46 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 48 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 49 hopes hope NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 50 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 51 disappointed disappoint VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 52 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 54 treachery treachery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 56 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 57 Crusader Crusader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 58 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 328 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 2 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 5 1142 1142 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 7 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 8 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 10 press press VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 12 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 14 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 17 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 18 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 21 spring spring NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 23 1143 1143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 24 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 26 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 27 accident accident NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 329 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 3 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 4 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 7 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 8 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 10 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 11 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 12 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 15 campaigned campaign VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 16 aggressively aggressively RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 17 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 19 neighbours neighbour NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 20 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 23 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 27 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 330 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 2 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 4 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 5 allied ally VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 8 Crusader Crusader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 9 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 11 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 13 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 15 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 16 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 18 participate participate VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 21 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 22 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 24 Fatimid Fatimid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 25 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 331 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 1 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 2 reinforced reinforce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 4 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 6 overlord overlord NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 9 Crusader Crusader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 10 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 14 hegemony hegemony NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 15 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 16 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 18 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 19 secured secure VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 21 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 23 Raynald Raynald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 25 Prince Prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 27 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 30 Amalric Amalric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 32 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 34 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 332 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 2 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 6 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 8 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 10 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 13 ports port NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 15 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 16 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 19 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 21 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 23 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 25 1155 1155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 28 disputes dispute NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 29 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 31 coalition coalition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 32 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 35 eventual eventual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 36 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 39 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 333 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 3 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 4 setback setback NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 6 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 8 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 9 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 10 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 12 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 13 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 16 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 18 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 20 1167 1167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 22 defeating defeat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 24 Hungarians Hungarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 27 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 29 Sirmium Sirmium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 334 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 2 1168 1168 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 4 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 6 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 9 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 10 Adriatic Adriatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 11 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 12 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 14 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 16 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 335 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 2 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 4 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 5 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 7 alliances alliance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 10 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 12 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 13 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 14 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 17 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 18 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 19 handled handle VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 21 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 24 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 25 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 26 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 28 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 336 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 2 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 6 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 8 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 10 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 11 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 13 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 14 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 16 1176 1176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 19 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 21 Myriokephalon Myriokephalon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 23 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 25 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 337 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 1 Yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 3 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 5 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 6 recovered recover VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 11 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 12 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 13 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 15 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 16 inflicted inflict VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 18 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 19 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 21 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 24 picked pick VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 25 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 338 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 2 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 6 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 7 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 8 Vatatzes Vatatzes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 11 destroyed destroy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 13 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 14 invaders invader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 17 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 19 Hyelion Hyelion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 21 Leimocheir Leimocheir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 24 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 25 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 26 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 29 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 31 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 33 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 35 gather gather VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 36 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 37 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 38 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 40 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 43 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 44 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 46 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 47 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 48 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 49 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 51 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 53 defensive defensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 54 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 56 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 57 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 58 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 59 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 60 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 61 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 339 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 4 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 7 Renaissance[edit renaissance[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 9 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 10 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 12 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 13 civilisation civilisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 16 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 18 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 21 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 22 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 23 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 25 Lamentation Lamentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 27 Christ Christ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 29 1164 1164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 33 fresco fresco NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 36 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 38 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 39 Panteleimon Panteleimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 41 Nerezi Nerezi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 43 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 44 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 46 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 48 superb superb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 49 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 51 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 53 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 54 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 55 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 56 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 58 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 59 pursued pursue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 60 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 61 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 62 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 65 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 66 deployed deploy VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 67 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 68 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 69 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 70 sieges siege NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 71 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 72 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 73 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 74 defences defence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 75 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 76 aggressive aggressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 77 fortification fortification NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 78 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 79 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 80 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 81 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 82 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 83 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 84 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 85 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 86 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 87 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 340 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 2 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 6 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 8 Myriokephalon Myriokephalon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 11 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 13 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 15 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 17 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 18 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 20 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 21 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 22 gains gain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 24 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 25 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 26 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 28 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 29 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 32 secured secure VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 34 stabilisation stabilisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 39 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 40 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 341 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 2 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 3 1081 1081 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 5 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 6 1180 1180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 9 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 10 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 11 assured assure VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 15 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 17 enabling enable VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 18 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 19 civilisation civilisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 21 flourish flourish VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 342 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 2 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 5 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 7 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 8 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 10 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 12 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 13 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 15 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 16 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 18 close close NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 343 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 4 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 6 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 9 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 10 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 13 prosperous prosperous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 16 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 18 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 20 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 21 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 24 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 344 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 3 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 6 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 7 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 8 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 10 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 11 tracts tract NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 13 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 14 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 15 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 17 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 19 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 345 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 1 Archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 2 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 4 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 5 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 7 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 8 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 9 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 11 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 12 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 15 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 17 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 18 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 20 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 23 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 24 upsurge upsurge NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 26 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 27 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 346 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 1 Trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 4 flourishing flourish VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 7 Venetians Venetians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 10 Genoese Genoese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 12 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 13 opened open VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 14 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 16 ports port NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 19 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 21 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 23 shipping shipping NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 24 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 27 Crusader Crusader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 28 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 30 Outremer Outremer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 32 Fatimid Fatimid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 33 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 36 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 38 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 41 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 42 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 43 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 347 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 2 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 5 artistic artistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 6 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 11 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 13 mosaic mosaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 16 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 17 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 19 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 20 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 21 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 22 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 23 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 24 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 26 drew draw VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 29 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 31 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 32 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 348 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 2 140 140 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 6 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 10 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 11 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 13 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 16 humanism humanism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 19 renaissance renaissance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 21 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 23 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 24 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 349 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 2 Eustathius Eustathius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 4 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 7 humanism humanism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 8 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 11 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 12 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 350 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 2 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 5 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 9 resurgence resurgence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 11 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 12 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 14 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 15 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 17 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 20 characterised characterise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 23 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 24 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 27 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 29 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 31 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 32 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 351 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 2 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 9 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 11 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 12 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 13 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 16 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 17 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 20 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 21 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 352 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 2 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 4 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 6 disintegration[edit disintegration[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 11 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 14 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 16 Angelid Angelid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 17 dynasty[edit dynasty[edit , en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 19 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 20 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 22 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 24 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 26 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 27 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 28 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 31 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 32 Angeloi Angeloi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 33 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 34 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 36 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 37 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 38 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 39 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 40 1180 1180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 41 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 42 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 43 11-year 11-year CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 45 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 46 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 47 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 48 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 49 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 50 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 52 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 353 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 1 Alexios alexio NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 3 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 4 incompetent incompetent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 7 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 12 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 13 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 15 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 17 Frankish frankish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 18 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 20 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 21 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 22 regency regency NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 23 unpopular unpopular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 354 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 2 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 4 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 6 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 7 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 8 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 11 grandson grandson NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 13 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 14 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 16 launched launch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 18 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 19 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 21 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 22 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 24 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 26 overthrow overthrow VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 27 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 30 violent violent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 31 coup coup FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 32 d'état d'état FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 355 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 4 Utilizing utilize VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 6 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 7 looks look NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 10 immense immense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 11 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 14 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 16 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 17 marched march VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 22 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 23 1182 1182 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 25 incited incite VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 27 massacre massacre NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 30 Latins Latins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 356 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 5 eliminating eliminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 7 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 8 rivals rival NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 10 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 12 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 13 crowned crown VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 15 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 16 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 17 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 19 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 20 1183 1183 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 357 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 2 eliminated eliminate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 3 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 4 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 7 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 9 12-year 12-year CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 11 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 12 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 13 Agnes Agnes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 15 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 17 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 358 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 4 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 5 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 7 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 8 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 11 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 14 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 16 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 18 reform reform VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 20 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 26 praised praise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 28 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 359 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 4 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 6 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 8 determined determined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 10 root root VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 11 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 12 corruption corruption NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 14 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 16 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 19 sale sale NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 21 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 22 ceased cease VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 24 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 26 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 28 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 30 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 32 favouritism favouritism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 34 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 36 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 38 adequate adequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 39 salary salary NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 40 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 43 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 45 temptation temptation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 47 bribery bribery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 360 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 3 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 5 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 7 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 8 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 10 speedy speedy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 12 marked marked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 13 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 361 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 5 aristocrats aristocrat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 7 infuriated infuriate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 8 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 9 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 13 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 14 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 15 worse bad JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 17 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 18 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 20 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 21 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 22 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 23 unbalanced unbalanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 25 executions execution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 27 violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 28 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 29 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 30 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 33 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 34 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 35 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 36 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 38 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 40 terror terror NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 362 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 2 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 4 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 5 seemed seem VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 6 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 8 seek seek VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 10 extermination extermination NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 13 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 16 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 363 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 2 struggle struggle NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 3 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 5 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 6 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 8 wholesale wholesale JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 9 slaughter slaughter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 11 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 13 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 14 resorted resort VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 16 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 18 ruthless ruthless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 19 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 21 shore shore VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 22 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 24 regime regime NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 364 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 6 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 7 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 9 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 10 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 12 deal deal VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 14 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 15 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 17 Béla Béla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 18 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 20 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 22 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 24 1172–1196 1172–1196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 27 reincorporated reincorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 28 Croatian croatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 29 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 30 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 31 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 34 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 35 Nemanja Nemanja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 37 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 39 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 41 1166–1196 1166–1196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 43 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 44 declared declare VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 45 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 46 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 47 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 49 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 50 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 365 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 1 Yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 3 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 6 troubles trouble NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 8 compare compare VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 10 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 13 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 16 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 18 1166–1189 1166–1189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 20 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 21 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 23 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 24 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 26 80,000 80,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 27 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 29 arriving arrive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 31 1185 1185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 366 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 2 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 4 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 5 mobilised mobilise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 8 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 10 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 11 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 13 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 15 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 19 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 21 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 23 indifferent indifferent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 26 populace populace NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 367 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 3 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 4 overthrown overthrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 5 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 6 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 7 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 9 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 11 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 12 assassination assassination NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 13 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 15 seized seize VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 16 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 19 aid aid NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 22 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 24 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 25 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 26 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 368 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 2 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 5 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 7 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 12 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 13 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 16 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 17 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 18 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 20 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 22 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 369 24 what what WP 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 13 Vlachs Vlachs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 15 Bulgars Bulgars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 16 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 18 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 20 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 23 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 26 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 27 Bulgarian Bulgarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 370 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 371 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 371 2 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 371 3 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 371 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 371 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 371 6 Angeloi Angeloi NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 10 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 11 vacuum vacuum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 14 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 18 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 19 fragmentation fragmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 372 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 3 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 6 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 7 heirs heir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 9 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 10 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 12 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 13 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 14 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 15 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 17 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 18 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 19 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 373 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 2 148 148 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 6 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 7 Vasiliev Vasiliev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 11 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 14 Angeloi Angeloi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 16 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 19 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 22 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 23 accelerated accelerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 25 ruin ruin NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 28 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 30 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 31 weakened weaken VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 32 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 34 disunited disunite VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 35 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 374 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 3 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 5 Fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 6 Crusade[edit crusade[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 8 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 9 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 11 Fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 12 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 14 Entry Entry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 17 Crusaders Crusaders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 19 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 22 Eugène Eugène NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 23 Delacroix Delacroix NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 25 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 27 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 28 1198 1198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 30 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 31 Innocent Innocent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 32 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 33 broached broach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 35 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 38 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 39 crusade crusade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 40 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 41 legates legate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 43 encyclical encyclical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 44 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 375 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 2 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 5 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 6 intent intent NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 9 crusade crusade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 12 conquer conquer VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 13 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 15 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 17 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 19 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 20 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 23 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 376 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 2 crusader crusader NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 3 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 5 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 7 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 10 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 12 1202 1202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 14 hired hire VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 16 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 17 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 19 transport transport VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 22 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 377 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 2 payment payment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 5 Venetians Venetians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 8 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 11 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 13 port port NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 15 Zara Zara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 17 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 19 vassal vassal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 20 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 22 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 26 rebelled rebel VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 28 placed place VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 29 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 31 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 33 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 35 1186 1186 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 378 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 2 151 151 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 4 Shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 5 afterwards afterwards RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 7 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 8 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 10 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 13 deposed depose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 15 blinded blinded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 16 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 17 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 18 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 19 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 21 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 22 contacts contact NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 25 crusaders crusader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 379 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 1 Alexios alexio NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 2 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 4 reunite reunite VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 7 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 11 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 13 crusaders crusader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 14 200,000 200,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 15 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 16 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 18 join join VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 20 crusade crusade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 23 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 24 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 26 supplies supply NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 28 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 30 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 31 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 380 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 2 152 152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 4 Crusader Crusader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 5 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 9 1204)[edit 1204)[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 11 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 14 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 18 1203 1203 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 21 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 23 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 24 ( ( -LRB- 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NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 38 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 39 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 40 crusaders crusader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 41 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 42 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 43 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 46 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 48 1203 1203 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 50 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 51 attacked attack VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 53 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 55 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 56 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 57 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 58 damaged damage VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 59 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 60 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 63 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 66 briefly briefly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 67 seized seize VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 68 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 381 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 1 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 2 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 3 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 6 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 8 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 9 Angelos Angelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 11 elevated elevate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 14 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 16 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 17 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 18 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 21 blind blind JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 22 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 23 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 382 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 1 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 2 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 4 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 7 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 9 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 11 promises promise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 14 deposed depose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 16 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 17 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 19 crusaders crusader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 20 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 21 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 23 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 25 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 26 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 27 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 29 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 31 subjected subject VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 33 pillage pillage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 35 massacre massacre NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 38 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 40 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 42 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 43 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 383 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 2 priceless priceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 3 icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 5 relics relic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 8 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 9 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 10 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 11 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 13 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 14 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 17 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 18 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 20 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 384 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 3 Choniates Choniates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 6 prostitute prostitute NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 8 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 9 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 10 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 13 Patriarchal patriarchal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 14 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 385 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 2 153 153 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 5 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 8 restored restore VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 11 crusaders crusader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 14 Venetians Venetians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 15 proceeded proceed VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 17 implement implement VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 19 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 21 Baldwin Baldwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 23 Flanders Flanders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 25 elected elect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 26 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 29 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 30 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 34 Venetian Venetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 35 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 36 Morosini Morosini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 38 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 40 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 386 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 2 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 3 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 4 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 5 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 7 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 8 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 12 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 13 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 14 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 16 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 17 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 18 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 19 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 22 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 23 remnants remnant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 25 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 27 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 30 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 387 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 2 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 5 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 8 interested interested JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 10 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 12 conquering conquer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 13 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 16 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 17 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 18 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 23 Doge Doge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 24 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 26 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 29 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 32 Quarter Quarter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 34 Half Half NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 36 Quarter quarter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 39 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 40 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 388 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 2 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 4 Fall[edit fall[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 6 Empire empire VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 8 exile[edit exile[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 10 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 13 Frankokratia Frankokratia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 14 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 16 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 18 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 20 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 22 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 23 crusaders crusader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 25 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 26 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 27 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 28 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 30 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 35 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 39 Despotate Despotate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 41 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 389 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 2 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 5 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 7 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 10 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 12 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 13 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 15 commanding command VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 17 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 18 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 20 Chaldia[156 Chaldia[156 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 23 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 24 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 25 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 27 sack sack NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 29 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 31 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 32 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 33 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 34 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 35 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 38 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 39 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 41 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 390 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 3 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 4 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 5 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 7 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 9 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 10 stood stand VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 12 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 13 chance chance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 15 reclaiming reclaim VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 391 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 2 Nicaean Nicaean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 4 struggled struggle VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 6 survive survive VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 8 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 9 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 10 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 12 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 17 mid-13th mid-13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 21 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 22 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 24 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 25 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 392 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 2 157 157 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 5 weakening weakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 8 Sultanate Sultanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 10 Rûm Rûm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 11 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 13 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 14 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 16 1242–43 1242–43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 17 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 18 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 19 beyliks beylik NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 21 ghazis ghazis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 23 set set VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 24 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 26 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 27 principalities principality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 29 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 31 weakening weaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 33 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 34 hold hold NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 36 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 37 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 393 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 2 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 7 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 10 Beys Beys NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 12 Osman Osman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 13 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 15 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 17 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 19 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 20 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 21 conquer conquer VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 22 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 394 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 4 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 5 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 7 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 8 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 10 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 11 respite respite NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 13 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 14 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 16 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 19 concentrate concentrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 22 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 25 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 26 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 395 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 1 Reconquest reconqu JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 3 Constantinople[edit constantinople[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 5 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 8 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 10 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 12 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 13 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 15 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 18 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 19     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 20 1263 1263 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 24 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 26 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 29 Laskarid Laskarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 30 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 32 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 34 effect effect VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 36 Recapture Recapture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 38 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 41 Latins Latins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 43 1261 1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 45 defeat defeat VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 46 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 396 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 2 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 5 short short RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 7 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 8 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 10 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 11 fortunes fortune NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 12 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 13 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 14 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 15 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 18 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 20 ravaged ravage VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 23 ill ill RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 25 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 27 deal deal VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 30 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 32 surrounded surround VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 33 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 397 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 2 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 4 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 5 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 7 Latins Latins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 9 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 10 pulled pull VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 11 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 13 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 14 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 16 levied levy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 17 crippling crippling JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 18 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 21 peasantry peasantry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 23 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 24 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 25 resentment resentment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 398 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 4 Massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 5 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 6 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 8 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 12 repair repair VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 14 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 17 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 18 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 20 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 22 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 23 initiatives initiative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 26 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 27 comfort comfort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 30 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 32 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 33 Minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 34 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 35 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 37 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 38 ghazis ghazis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 399 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 2 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 4 Rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 5 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 6 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 7 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 10 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 12 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 13 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 15 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 16 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 18 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 20 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 22 gaining gain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 23 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 24 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 26 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 27 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 400 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 2 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 3 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 4 sacking sacking NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 10 Latins Latins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 13 forced force VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 15 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 17 submit submit VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 19 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 21 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 23 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 24 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 28 peasantry peasantry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 29 hated hate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 30 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 32 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 401 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 2 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 5 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 7 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 10 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 12 grandson grandson NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 13 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 14 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 15 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 16 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 18 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 19 genuine genuine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 20 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 22 restoring restore VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 24 glory glory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 27 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 402 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 4 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 6 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 8 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 9 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 12 backfire backfire VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 16 Catalan Catalan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 17 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 18 ravaging ravage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 20 countryside countryside NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 22 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 23 resentment resentment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 24 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 25 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 403 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 2 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 4 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 7 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 9 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 11 Constantinople[edit constantinople[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 13 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 14 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 16 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 18 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 19 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 21 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 23 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 25 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 27 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 29 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 31 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 34 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 36 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 37 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 38 miniature miniature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 39 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 40 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 41 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 42 worse bad JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 43 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 44 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 45 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 47 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 48 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 49 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 50 Andronikos Andronikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 51 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 52 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 404 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 2 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 4 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 6 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 7 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 8 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 9 devastated devastate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 11 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 13 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 15 Serbian serbian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 16 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 17 Stefan Stefan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 18 Dušan Dušan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 20 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 22 1331–1346 1331–1346 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 25 overrun overrun VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 26 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 31 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 32 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 34 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 36 Serbian Serbian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 405 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 2 1354 1354 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 5 earthquake earthquake NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 7 Gallipoli Gallipoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 8 devastated devastate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 10 fort fort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 12 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 14 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 18 hired hire VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 20 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 23 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 24 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 26 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 27 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 28 Kantakouzenos Kantakouzenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 31 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 32 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 34 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 406 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 2 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 8 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 9 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 10 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 12 ended end VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 15 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 17 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 19 Serbians Serbians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 21 subjugated subjugate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 22 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 24 vassals vassal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 407 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 3 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 5 Kosovo Kosovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 7 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 10 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 12 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 15 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 408 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 2 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 6 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 7 appealed appeal VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 10 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 12 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 16 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 18 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 19 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 20 sending send VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 21 aid aid NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 23 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 26 reunion reunion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 29 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 30 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 31 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 34 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 36 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 409 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 1 Church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 2 unity unity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 4 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 7 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 8 accomplished accomplish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 10 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 11 decree decree NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 15 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 16 citizenry citizenry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 18 clergy clergy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 19 intensely intensely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 20 resented resent VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 22 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 27 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 28 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 410 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 2 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 5 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 6 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 7 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 9 bolster bolster VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 11 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 12 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 18 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 19 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 21 distracted distract VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 24 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 25 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 27 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 28 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 31 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 32 picked pick VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 33 apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 35 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 36 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 37 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 411 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 2 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 4 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 7 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 9 underpopulated underpopulated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 11 dilapidated dilapidated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 412 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 2 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 5 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 7 collapsed collapse VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 8 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 9 severely severely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 13 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 14 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 15 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 18 cluster cluster NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 20 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 21 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 23 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 413 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 4 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 6 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 7 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 9 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 11 80,000 80,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 12 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 14 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 15 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 17 irregulars irregular NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 18 laid lay VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 19 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 22 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 414 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 2 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 6 desperate desperate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 7 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 9 ditch ditch NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 10 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 13 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 16 massively massively RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 17 outnumbered outnumbered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 18 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 19 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 21 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 22 7,000 7,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 23 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 25 2,000 2,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 27 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 29 foreign),[165 foreign),[165 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 31 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 32 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 33 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 36 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 37 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 39 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 41 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 42 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 43 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 44 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 45 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 46 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 415 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 2 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 4 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 6 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 7 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 8 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 11 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 12 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 13 casting cast VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 14 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 16 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 17 regalia regalia NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 19 throwing throw VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 20 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 22 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 26 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 27 combat combat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 28 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 30 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 33 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 35 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 416 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 2 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 4 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 5 aftermath[edit aftermath[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 8 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 9 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 10 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 11 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 13 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 16 Flag Flag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 19 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 20 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 21 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 23 Palaiologoi Palaiologoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 25 sporting sport VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 27 tetragrammic tetragrammic NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 28 cross cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 29 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 32 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 33 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 34 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 36 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 39 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 41 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 44 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 45 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 46 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 49 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 50 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 51 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 53 Despotate Despotate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 56 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 58 Peloponnese Peloponnese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 61 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 62 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 63 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 64 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 65 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 68 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 69 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 71 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 72 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 74 Demetrios Demetrios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 75 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 417 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 2 Despotate Despotate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 3 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 7 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 8 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 10 paying pay VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 12 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 13 tribute tribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 16 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 418 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 1 Incompetent incompetent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 2 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 4 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 6 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 8 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 9 tribute tribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 12 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 13 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 15 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 16 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 17 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 19 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 20 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 22 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 24 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 26 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 27 1460 1460 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 419 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 420 1 [ [ -LRB- 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the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 424 9 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 424 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 424 11 northwest northwest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 424 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 1 Graitzas Graitzas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 2 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 5 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 6 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 7 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 9 stationed station VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 11 Salmeniko Salmeniko NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 12 Castle Castle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 425 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 426 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 426 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 426 3 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 426 4 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 426 5 surrendered surrender VBD 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Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 22 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 25 Crusaders Crusaders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 27 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 29 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 31 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 32 remnant remnant NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 34 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 35 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 36 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 37 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 38 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 41 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 42 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 427 43 . . . 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in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 428 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 428 25 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 428 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 428 27 1461 1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 428 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 3 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 5 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 6 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 8 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 9 surrendered surrender VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 11 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 13 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 15 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 16 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 17 1461 1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 429 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 430 1 The the DT 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Andreas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 9 styled style VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 10 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 11 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 12 Constantinopolitanus Constantinopolitanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 15 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 17 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 22 sold sell VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 24 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 25 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 27 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 28 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 29 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 31 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 34 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 35 Monarchs Monarchs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 435 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 1 Constantine constantine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 2 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 3 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 4 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 5 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 7 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 11 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 13 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 14 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 15 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 18 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 21 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 24 deceased deceased JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 25 elder elder JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 26 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 28 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 30 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 33 palace palace NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 34 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 36 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 37 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 38 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 40 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 42 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 436 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 2 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 3 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 5 renamed renamed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 6 Has Has NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 7 Murad Murad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 11 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 12 favourite favourite NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 14 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 16 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 18 Beylerbey Beylerbey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 20 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 22 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 26 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 437 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 2 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 3 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 5 renamed rename VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 6 Mesih Mesih NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 7 Pasha Pasha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 10 Admiral Admiral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 13 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 14 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 16 Sancak Sancak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 17 Beg Beg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 19 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 23 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 25 Gallipoli Gallipoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 438 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 2 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 3 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 4 twice twice RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 6 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 7 Vizier Vizier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 9 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 11 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 13 Bayezid Bayezid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 439 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 2 170 170 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 4 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 8 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 9 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 11 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 12 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 13 heirs heir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 18 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 20 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 23 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 27 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 28 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 30 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 31 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 32 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 33 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 440 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 2 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 6 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 7 shifted shift VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 9 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 10 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 12 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 14 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 15 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 19 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 21 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 24 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 25 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 26 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 27 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 29 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 30 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 33 Rûm Rûm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 441 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 4 Danubian Danubian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 5 Principalities Principalities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 7 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 8 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 10 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 11 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 13 heirs heir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 16 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 18 Emperors[171 Emperors[171 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 21 harboured harbour VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 22 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 23 refugees refugee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 25 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 27 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 28 nobles noble NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 442 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 3 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 6 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 9 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 12 patron patron NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 14 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 15 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 17 claimed claim VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 19 Ivan Ivan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 20 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 22 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 23 duke duke NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 25 Muscovy Muscovy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 443 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 3 married marry VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 4 Andreas Andreas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 5 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 6 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 8 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 9 Palaiologina Palaiologina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 11 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 12 grandson grandson NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 14 Ivan Ivan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 15 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 18 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 21 Tsar Tsar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 23 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 25 tsar tsar RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 28 czar czar NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 30 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 31 caesar caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 35 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 36 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 37 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 39 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 42 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 43 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 444 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 2 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 3 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 5 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 7 Moscow Moscow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 10 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 11 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 445 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 2 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 5 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 9 successive successive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 10 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 13 kept keep VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 14 alive alive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 17 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 20 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 21 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 446 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 2 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 4 Government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 6 bureaucracy[edit bureaucracy[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 11 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 12 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 14 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 16 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 17 750 750 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 19 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 21 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 22 950 950 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 23 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 25 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 26 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 29 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 32 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 34 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 35 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 38 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 39 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 40 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 41 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 43 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 44 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 45 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 447 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 5 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 7 ceased cease VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 10 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 11 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 13 legislative legislative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 14 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 16 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 19 honorary honorary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 20 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 22 titular titular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 23 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 448 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 6 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 10 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 11 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 12 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 15 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 17 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 19 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 22 large 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 46 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 47 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 449 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 2 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 6 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 7 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 8 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 11 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 12 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 15 mid-7th mid-7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 20 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 22 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 24 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 25 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 27 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 28 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 30 exercised exercise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 32 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 33 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 36 strategos stratego NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 450 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 2 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 6 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 7 derogatory derogatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 8 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 11 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 13 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 17 Byzantinism Byzantinism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 21 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 22 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 25 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 26 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 28 reconstituting reconstitute VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 29 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 31 accordance accordance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 34 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 36 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 451 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 2 elaborate elaborate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 5 titulature titulature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 7 precedence precedence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 8 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 10 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 11 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 13 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 452 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 1 Officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 3 arranged arrange VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 5 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 6 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 9 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 12 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 13 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 15 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 16 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 19 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 453 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 4 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 5 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 6 jobs job NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 9 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 10 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 12 vested vest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 14 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 15 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 17 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 454 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 2 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 6 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 8 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 9 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 11 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 12 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 13 constituted constitute VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 15 clearest clear JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 16 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 18 aristocratic aristocratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 19 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 23 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 26 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 30 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 31 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 33 rivalled rival VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 36 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 38 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 455 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 7 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 9 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 12 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 14 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 16 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 19 civil civil NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 22 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 23 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 456 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 5 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 7 undertook undertake VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 8 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 9 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 10 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 14 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 16 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 17 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 18 dignities dignity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 20 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 457 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 2 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 4 Diplomacy[edit diplomacy[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 10 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 12 embassy embassy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 14 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 16 Grammarian Grammarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 18 829 829 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 20 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 22 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 23 Theophilos Theophilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 26 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 27 caliph caliph NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 28 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 30 Ma'mun Ma'mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 31 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 33 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 35 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 38 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 39 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 42 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 43 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 45 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 47 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 49 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 50 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 51 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 53 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 54 neighbours neighbour NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 458 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 3 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 4 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 5 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 6 forging forge VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 7 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 8 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 9 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 13 modelled model VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 14 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 16 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 459 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 1 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 2 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 3 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 4 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 6 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 8 neighbours neighbour NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 11 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 13 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 15 inter inter JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 17 state state JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 18 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 460 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 2 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 5 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 6 revolved revolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 8 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 9 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 12 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 14 welcoming welcoming NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 18 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 21 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 23 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 27 assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 29 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 30 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 31 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 33 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 35 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 461 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 2 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 4 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 5 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 6 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 8 fond fond JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 10 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 11 ethical ethical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 13 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 14 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 16 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 18 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 20 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 21 regarded regard VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 22 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 27 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 30 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 462 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 5 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 6 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 7 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 9 countered counter VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 11 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 12 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 15 Kievan Kievan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 16 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 17 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 463 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 2 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 4 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 5 sketch sketch NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 7 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 8 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 9 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 12 visit visit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 14 Ferrara Ferrara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 16 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 18 1438 1438 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 19 Diplomacy Diplomacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 22 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 24 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 26 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 28 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 30 gathering gather VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 31 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 33 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 35 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 36 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 37 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 38 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 464 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 2 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 4 Barbarians Barbarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 7 handled handle VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 8 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 10 protocol protocol NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 12 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 13 keeping keeping NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 15 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 16 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 17 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 21 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 25 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 28 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 31 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 32 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 33 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 34 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 465 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 466 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 466 2 181 181 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 466 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 466 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 466 5 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 1 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 2 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 5 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 6 exercised exercise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 7 supervision supervision NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 10 foreigners foreigner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 11 visiting visit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 12 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 18 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 20 supervision supervision NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 23 Logothetes Logothetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 24 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 25 dromou dromou NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 467 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 2 182 182 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 7 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 9 protocol protocol JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 10 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 14 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 15 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 18 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 19 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 20 envoys envoy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 22 properly properly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 23 cared care VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 26 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 27 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 28 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 29 funds fund NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 32 maintenance maintenance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 35 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 36 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 37 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 39 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 40 translators translator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 42 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 43 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 44 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 45 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 47 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 48 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 49 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 50 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 468 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 2 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 4 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 5 availed avail VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 6 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 11 diplomatic diplomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 12 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 469 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 4 embassies embassy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 8 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 10 stay stay VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 11 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 13 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 470 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 2 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 5 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 6 houses house NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 8 routinely routinely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 10 requested request VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 12 stay stay VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 13 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 18 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 21 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 22 hostage hostage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 25 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 28 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 29 pawn pawn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 31 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 32 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 33 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 34 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 35 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 36 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 38 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 471 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 2 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 3 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 6 overwhelm overwhelm VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 7 visitors visitor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 9 sumptuous sumptuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 10 displays display NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 472 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 2 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 6 Dimitri Dimitri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 7 Obolensky Obolensky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 10 preservation preservation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 13 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 14 civilisation civilisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 18 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 21 skill skill NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 23 resourcefulness resourcefulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 25 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 26 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 29 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 30 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 32 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 34 lasting last VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 35 contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 38 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 40 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 473 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 2 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 4 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 6 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 8 law[edit law[edit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 10 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 13 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 14 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 16 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 17 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 19 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 20 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 23 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 25 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 26 inventions invention NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 27 Interior Interior NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 30 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 31 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 34 patriarchal patriarchal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 35 basilica basilica NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 37 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 38 designed design VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 39 537 537 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 40 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 42 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 44 Miletus Miletus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 47 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 48 compiler compiler NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 50 Archimedes Archimedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 51 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 52 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 53 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 474 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 2 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 4 Archimedes archimede NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 5 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 6 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 8 solid solid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 9 geometry geometry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 11 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 475 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 2 writings writing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 4 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 5 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 7 cultivated cultivate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 9 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 11 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 476 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 4 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 7 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 8 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 9 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 10 connected connect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 12 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 13 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 16 metaphysics metaphysic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 477 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 2 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 6 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 8 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 9 Isidore Isidore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 11 Miletus Miletus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 14 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 15 mathematician mathematician NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 17 architect architect NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 20 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 21 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 23 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 26 compilation compilation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 28 Archimedes Archimedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 29 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 30 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 31 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 32 530 530 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 35 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 37 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 38 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 39 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 40 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 42 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 43 alive alive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 44 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 46 school school NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 48 mathematics mathematics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 50 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 51 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 52 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 53 850 850 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 54 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 56 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 57 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 58 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 59 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 60 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 61 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 63 Mathematician Mathematician NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 65 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 66 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 67 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 68 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 69 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 70 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 72 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 73 Archimedes Archimedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 74 Palimpsest Palimpsest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 478 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 2 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 4 Pendentive Pendentive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 5 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 8 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 9 spherical spherical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 13 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 14 corners corner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 16 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 18 dome dome NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 22 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 23 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 479 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 3 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 4 experimentation experimentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 6 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 9 200s 200s NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 15 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 19 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 23 potential potential NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 25 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 26 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 480 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 2 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 5 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 6 sundial sundial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 7 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 8 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 10 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 11 gears gear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 12 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 15 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 18 excavated excavate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 20 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 23 Antikythera Antikythera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 24 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 27 sort sort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 29 analogue analogue NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 30 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 31 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 33 astronomy astronomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 35 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 36 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 38 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 39 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 40 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 41 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 43 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 45 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 47 re)active re)active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 50 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 51 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 481 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 2 188][189][190 188][189][190 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 6 Partington Partington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 7 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 9 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 11 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 13 inventors inventor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 15 craftsmen craftsman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 482 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 3 philosopher philosopher NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 5 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 7 Thessalonika Thessalonika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 8 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 11 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 12 Theophilos Theophilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 14 829–42 829–42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 17 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 18 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 21 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 24 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 25 artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 26 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 28 flapped flap VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 30 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 32 sang sing VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 35 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 36 lion lion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 37 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 38 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 40 roared roar VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 44 bejewelled bejewel VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 45 clockwork clockwork NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 46 lady lady NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 47 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 48 walked walk VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 483 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 2 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 3 toys toy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 4 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 6 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 7 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 10 treatise treatise NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 12 Heron Heron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 14 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 16 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 17 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 18 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 23 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 28 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 484 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 2 191 191 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 4 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 5 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 6 devices device NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 7 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 9 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 10 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 12 sophistication sophistication NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 15 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 17 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 19 impress impress VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 20 visitors visitor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 485 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 2 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 5 frontispiece frontispiece NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 8 Vienna Vienna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 9 Dioscurides Dioscurides NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 12 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 14 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 16 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 17 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 18 physicians physician NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 19 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 21 Mathematician Mathematician NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 22 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 24 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 25 credited credit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 28 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 30 beacons beacon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 33 sort sort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 35 optical optical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 36 telegraph telegraph NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 38 stretching stretch VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 39 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 40 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 42 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 44 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 46 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 47 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 48 advance advance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 49 warning warning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 51 enemy enemy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 52 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 55 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 56 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 57 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 58 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 59 diplomatic diplomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 60 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 61 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 62 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 486 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 2 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 3 knew know VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 5 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 7 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 9 hydraulics hydraulic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 13 900s 900 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 15 diplomat diplomat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 16 Liutprand Liutprand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 18 Cremona Cremona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 20 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 21 visiting visit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 23 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 24 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 26 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 28 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 29 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 31 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 32 sitting sit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 35 hydraulic hydraulic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 36 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 38 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 40 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 42 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 44 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 46 cunning cunning JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 47 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 48 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 49 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 50 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 51 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 52 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 53 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 54 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 55 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 57 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 59 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 60 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 61 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 62 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 63 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 64 higher higher RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 66 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 67 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 68 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 69 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 70 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 73 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 74 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 487 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 2 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 5 Philoponus Philoponus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 8 Alexandrian alexandrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 9 philologist philologist NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 11 Aristotelian aristotelian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 12 commentator commentator NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 14 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 15 theologian theologian NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 17 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 20 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 21 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 23 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 24 treatises treatise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 26 theological theological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 27 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 31 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 32 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 33 questioned question VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 34 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 36 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 38 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 40 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 41 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 42 flaws flaw NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 488 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 2 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 5 based base VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 7 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 9 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 10 argument argument NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 12 Philoponus Philoponus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 13 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 15 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 489 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 3 Commentaries Commentaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 5 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 7 Philoponus Philoponus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 8 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 10 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 13 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 14 erroneous erroneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 17 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 18 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 19 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 21 corroborated corroborate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 23 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 24 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 25 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 26 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 27 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 29 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 30 sort sort NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 32 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 33 argument argument NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 490 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 2 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 3 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 4 let let VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 5 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 8 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 9 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 11 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 14 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 17 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 19 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 24 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 25 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 26 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 29 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 32 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 33 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 36 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 37 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 38 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 39 depend depend VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 42 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 45 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 47 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 48 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 50 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 52 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 53 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 55 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 56 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 57 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 491 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 1 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 2 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 4 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 6 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 9 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 12 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 14 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 15 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 21 let let VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 22 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 23 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 25 double double VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 29 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 30 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 32 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 33 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 36 else else RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 38 imperceptible imperceptible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 39 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 42 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 44 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 46 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 48 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 51 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 52 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 53 negligible negligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 55 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 56 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 57 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 58 weighing weigh VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 59 twice twice RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 60 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 61 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 62 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 64 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 492 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 2 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 4 Bas bas NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 6 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 7 plaque plaque NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 9 Tribonian Tribonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 12 Chamber Chamber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 15 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 17 Representatives Representatives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 22 Capitol Capitol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 23 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 24 refugee refugee NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 25 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 26 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 27 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 29 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 30 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 33 1400s 1400s CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 493 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 3 Argyropoulos Argyropoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 5 1415–1487 1415–1487 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 8 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 13 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 15 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 17 north north JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 18 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 494 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 2 Philoponus Philoponus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 3 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 4 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 6 Aristotelian aristotelian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 7 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 9 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 12 inspiration inspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 14 Galileo Galileo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 15 Galilei Galilei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 17 refutation refutation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 19 Aristotelian aristotelian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 20 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 23 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 24 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 25 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 26 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 27 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 30 Galileo Galileo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 31 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 32 Philoponus Philoponus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 33 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 35 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 36 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 495 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 2 195][196 195][196 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 5 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 6 mill mill NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 10 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 12 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 14 mill mill VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 15 grains grain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 16 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 17 hydraulic hydraulic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 18 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 496 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 2 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 3 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 4 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 7 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 13 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 14 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 497 15 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 498 1 1800 1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 498 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 2 197][198 197][198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 5 438 438 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 8 Codex Codex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 9 Theodosianus Theodosianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 11 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 13 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 16 codified codify VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 17 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 18 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 499 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 2 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 3 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 4 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 6 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 9 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 12 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 19 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 20 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 500 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 2 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 3 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 4 summarised summarise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 6 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 10 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 11 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 13 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 501 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 5 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 9 Tribonian tribonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 12 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 13 jurist jurist NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 16 supervised supervise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 18 revision revision NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 21 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 22 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 23 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 24 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 26 Corpus Corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 27 Juris Juris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 28 Civilis Civilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 502 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 3 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 5 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 7 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 8 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 10 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 13 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 14 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 17 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 19 jurisprudence jurisprudence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 23 Corpus Corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 24 Juris Juris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 25 Civilis Civilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 26 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 28 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 30 revived revive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 31 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 32 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 35 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 36 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 38 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 39 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 40 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 41 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 42 Ecloga Ecloga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 43 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 45 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 47 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 48 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 51 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 52 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 503 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 1 [ [ -LRB- 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with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 27 Basilika Basilika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 30 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 32 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 34 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 35 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 36 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 37 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 39 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 40 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 41 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 42 through through RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 44 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 45 Balkan balkan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 46 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 47 codes code NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 504 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 2 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 5 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 6 pioneered pioneer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 8 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 11 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 14 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 15 offering offer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 16 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 17 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 19 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 22 cure cure NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 25 patients patient NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 29 reflection reflection NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 32 ideals ideal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 34 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 35 charity charity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 37 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 38 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 39 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 41 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 43 die die VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 505 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 2 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 4 Ceramic ceramic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 5 grenades grenade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 8 filled fill VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 10 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 11 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 13 surrounded surround VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 15 caltrops caltrop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 17 10th–12th 10th–12th CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 20 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 21 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 22 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 24 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 26 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 27 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 29 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 31 uroscopy uroscopy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 33 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 35 Galen Galen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 37 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 38 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 40 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 42 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 44 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 45 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 47 diagnose diagnose VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 48 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 506 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 4 physicians physician NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 8 Theophilus Theophilus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 9 Protospatharius Protospatharius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 12 realised realise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 14 diagnostic diagnostic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 15 potential potential NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 17 uroscopy uroscopy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 22 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 23 microscope microscope NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 25 stethoscope stethoscope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 26 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 507 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 3 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 4 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 7 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 508 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 2 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 5 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 7 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 10 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 15 Vienna Vienna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 16 Dioscorides Dioscorides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 18 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 23 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 25 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 27 Aegina Aegina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 29 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 30 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 33 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 34 Myrepsos Myrepsos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 36 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 37 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 38 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 41 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 43 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 44 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 47 authoritative authoritative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 48 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 49 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 50 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 51 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 53 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 509 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 2 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 3 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 4 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 6 Aurea Aurea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 7 Alexandrina Alexandrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 11 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 13 opiate opiate NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 15 antidote antidote VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 510 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 3 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 6 separating separate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 7 conjoined conjoin VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 8 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 9 happened happen VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 12 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 16 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 20 pair pair NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 22 conjoined conjoin VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 23 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 25 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 26 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 28 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 511 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 2 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 3 later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 6 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 7 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 9 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 11 surgeons surgeon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 14 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 16 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 18 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 21 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 22 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 512 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 4 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 5 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 9 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 10 twin twin NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 11 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 12 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 13 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 14 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 15 dying die VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 18 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 19 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 20 impressive impressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 24 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 28 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 29 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 31 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 513 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 2 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 5 separating separating NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 6 conjoined conjoin VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 7 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 8 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 10 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 11 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 12 1689 1689 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 14 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 514 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 2 202][203 202][203 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 5 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 8 incendiary incendiary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 9 weapon weapon NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 11 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 12 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 13 burn burn VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 15 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 18 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 21 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 515 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 2 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 4 crucial crucial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 5 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 10 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 13 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 14 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 17 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 19 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 21 717–718 717–718 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 516 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 2 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 5 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 7 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 9 Callinicus Callinicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 11 Heliopolis Heliopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 13 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 15 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 18 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 19 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 21 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 517 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 7 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 10 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 11 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 12 invented invent VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 13 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 14 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 17 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 23 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 26 chemists chemist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 28 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 29 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 30 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 31 inherited inherit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 33 discoveries discovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 36 Alexandrian alexandrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 37 chemical chemical NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 38 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 39 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 518 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 2 191 191 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 9 grenade grenade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 11 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 16 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 18 ceramic ceramic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 19 jars jar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 20 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 21 glass glass NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 23 nails nail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 26 filled fill VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 29 explosive explosive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 30 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 32 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 33 Fire Fire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 519 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 520 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 520 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 520 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 520 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 520 5 battlefields battlefield NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 520 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 2 205][206][207 205][206][207 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 6 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 8 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 10 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 11 flamethrower flamethrower NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 13 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 16 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 20 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 23 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 24 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 25 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 27 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 29 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 30 pumps pump NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 32 swivel swivel NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 33 tubes tube NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 34 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 36 project project VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 38 flame flame NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 521 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 2 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 5 counterweight counterweight JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 6 trebuchet trebuchet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 8 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 11 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 15 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 17 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 18 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 19 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 21 1081–1118 1081–1118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 23 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 25 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 26 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 27 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 29 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 30 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 31 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 32 new new RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 34 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 35 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 36 weaponry weaponry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 38 devastate devastate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 39 citadels citadel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 41 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 522 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 2 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 3 artillery artillery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 4 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 6 apogee apogee NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 8 siege siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 9 weaponry weaponry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 10 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 13 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 16 cannon cannon NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 523 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 3 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 5 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 7 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 9 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 10 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 11 learned learn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 13 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 15 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 16 weaponry weaponry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 524 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 2 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 6 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 12 astronomy astronomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 15 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 16 sciences science NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 18 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 20 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 22 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 23 attracted attract VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 25 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 27 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 28 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 29 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 525 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 2 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 5 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 9 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 10 fuelled fuel VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 12 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 13 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 14 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 19 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 20 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 526 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 5 refugee refugee NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 7 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 9 principally principally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 10 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 12 carrying carry VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 15 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 18 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 20 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 21 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 22 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 24 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 25 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 27 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 30 astronomical astronomical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 31 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 33 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 34 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 35 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 527 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 2 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 6 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 8 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 9 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 10 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 12 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 14 botany botany NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 16 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 18 zoology zoology NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 21 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 24 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 26 Dioscorides Dioscorides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 28 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 29 Philoponus Philoponus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 30 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 31 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 33 Aristotelian aristotelian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 34 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 528 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 2 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 4 Culture[edit culture[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 6 Religion[edit religion[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 9 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 11 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 12 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 18 Ecumenical Ecumenical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 19 Patriarchate Patriarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 21 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 22 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 24 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 26 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 28 the the DT 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which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 52 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 53 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 56 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 57 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 59 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 61 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 62 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 63 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 65 532–537 532–537 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 529 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 530 1 Mosaic Mosaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 530 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 530 3 Jesus Jesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 530 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 530 5 Pammakaristos Pammakaristos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 530 6 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 530 7 , , , 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213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 5 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 11 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 12 assured assure VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 14 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 15 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 18 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 21 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 24 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 539 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 3 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 4 inherited inherit VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 6 pagan pagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 7 times times NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 9 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 12 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 13 routine routine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 15 administering administer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 16 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 17 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 21 routine routine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 540 23 applied apply 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CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 19 messenger messenger NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 21 Christ Christ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 23 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 24 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 27 propagation propagation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 29 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 30 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 31 pagans pagan NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 37 externals external NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 41 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 43 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 45 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 47 finances finance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 541 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 2 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 3 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 4 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 5 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 8 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 9 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 10 thinking thinking NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 13 summarised summarise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 16 motto motto NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 18 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 19 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 22 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 25 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 542 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 2 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 5 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 6 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 9 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 12 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 13 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 14 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 17 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 19 legally legally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 20 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 21 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 543 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 2 215 215 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 4 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 6 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 9 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 13 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 14 dissension dissension NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 18 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 19 Patriarchates Patriarchates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 22 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 24 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 25 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 27 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 29 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 31 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 32 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 35 richest rich JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 37 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 38 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 39 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 41 Christendom Christendom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 544 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 2 216 216 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 4 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 5 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 7 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 9 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 13 shadow shadow NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 16 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 17 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 20 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 21 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 23 exercise exercise VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 24 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 25 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 26 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 27 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 29 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 32 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 33 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 545 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 2 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 3 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 4 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 5 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 8 Patriarchate Patriarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 11 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 13 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 16 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 17 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 20 subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 21 metropolitan metropolitan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 22 sees see NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 24 archbishoprics archbishopric NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 27 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 29 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 30 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 33 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 35 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 36 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 38 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 40 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 41 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 44 Caucasus Caucasus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 46 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 48 Lithuania Lithuania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 546 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 2 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 3 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 6 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 7 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 10 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 547 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 2 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 5 monasticism monasticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 6 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 7 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 12 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 14 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 15 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 19 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 22 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 23 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 25 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 26 landowners landowner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 29 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 32 listened listen VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 35 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 36 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 548 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 2 218 218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 5 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 6 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 7 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 8 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 10 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 14 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 15 ecumenical ecumenical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 16 councils council NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 21 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 23 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 25 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 27 impose impose VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 30 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 31 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 549 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 2 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 3 decree decree NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 5 388 388 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 9 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 10 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 13 Codex Codex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 14 Justinianeus Justinianeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 16 orders order VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 24 assume assume VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 26 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 28 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 29 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 33 regards regard VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 34 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 35 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 36 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 37 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 38 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 39 abide abide VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 42 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 44 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 45 mad mad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 47 foolish foolish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 48 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 50 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 52 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 54 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 55 heretical heretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 56 dogmas dogmas NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 550 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 2 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 5 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 6 decrees decree NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 9 stringent stringent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 10 stance stance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 14 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 15 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 18 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 21 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 24 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 25 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 26 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 28 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 29 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 32 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 33 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 34 represented represent VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 35 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 36 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 38 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 551 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 1 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 2 believes believe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 8 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 15 mad mad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 17 foolish foolish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 18 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 21 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 22 labelled label VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 24 heretics heretic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 28 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 29 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 33 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 36 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 552 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 2 220 220 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 4 Besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 6 pagans pagan NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 9 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 10 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 12 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 15 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 20 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 22 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 25 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 27 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 28 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 29 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 30 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 32 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 34 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 35 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 36 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 38 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 40 Nestorianism Nestorianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 42 Monophysitism Monophysitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 44 Arianism Arianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 553 45 , , , 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554 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 2 221 221 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 5 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 6 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 7 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 8 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 11 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 12 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 13 ordered order VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 15 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 17 icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 18 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 554 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 2 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 5 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 6 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 7 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 10 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 13 mid-9th mid-9th NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 17 restoration restoration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 19 icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 555 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 7 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 8 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 10 pagans pagan NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 11 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 14 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 16 originating originate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 17 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 19 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 20 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 556 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 3 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 4 Christianised christianise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 8 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 10 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 11 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 13 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 14 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 15 represented represent VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 16 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 17 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 21 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 23 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 24 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 26 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 27 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 30 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 557 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 2 222 222 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 7 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 8 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 11 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 12 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 13 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 15 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 19 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 21 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 22 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 25 constituted constitute VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 27 legally legally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 28 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 29 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 30 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 558 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 5 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 6 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 8 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 9 tolerated tolerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 12 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 13 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 15 tensions tension NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 17 persecutions persecution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 18 ensued ensue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 559 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 2 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 7 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 8 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 11 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 14 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 15 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 16 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 18 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 20 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 21 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 22 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 24 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 25 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 26 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 27 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 29 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 30 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 33 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 34 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 35 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 560 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 2 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 4 Arts[edit arts[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 6 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 8 literature[edit literature[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 10 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 11 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 13 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 14 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 16 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 17 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 18 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 21 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 22 dress dress NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 23 Miniatures miniature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 26 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 29 Rabula Rabula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 30 Gospel Gospel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 31 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 33 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 34 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 36 symbolic symbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 37 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 39 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 40 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 561 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 1 Surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 3 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 5 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 6 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 9 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 11 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 12 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 14 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 15 conventionalised conventionalise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 17 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 18 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 19 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 21 translate translate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 22 carefully carefully RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 23 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 24 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 25 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 27 artistic artistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 28 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 562 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 1 Painting paint VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 3 fresco fresco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 5 illuminated illuminate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 6 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 9 wood wood NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 10 panel panel NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 13 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 15 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 16 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 18 mosaic mosaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 21 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 22 media media NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 25 figurative figurative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 26 sculpture sculpture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 27 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 28 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 29 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 31 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 32 carved carve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 33 ivories ivory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 563 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 1 Manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 2 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 3 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 6 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 10 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 11 realist realist NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 12 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 15 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 17 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 18 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 564 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 2 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 5 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 7 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 8 prestigious prestigious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 10 sought seek VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 14 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 15 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 17 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 19 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 21 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 22 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 24 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 25 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 26 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 27 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 29 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 32 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 565 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 3 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 4 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 6 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 8 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 10 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 11 persisted persist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 13 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 14 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 15 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 17 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 21 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 22 formative formative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 23 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 25 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 26 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 27 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 566 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 567 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 567 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 567 3 incoming incoming JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 567 4 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 567 5 affected affect VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 567 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 567 7 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 567 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 3 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 6 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 7 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 8 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 10 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 11 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 13 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 14 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 15 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 17 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 20 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 568 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 2 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 4 Influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 7 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 9 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 11 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 12 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 16 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 18 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 19 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 21 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 23 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 25 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 27 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 569 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 3 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 6 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 7 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 8 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 10 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 13 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 16 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 20 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 570 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 1 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 2 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 5 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 7 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 8 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 10 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 12 annalists annalist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 14 encyclopaedists encyclopaedist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 16 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 17 Photios Photios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 19 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 20 Psellus Psellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 23 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 24 Choniates Choniates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 26 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 29 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 30 encyclopaedists encyclopaedist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 32 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 35 essayists essayist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 38 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 40 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 41 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 571 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 2 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 3 genuine genuine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 4 heroic heroic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 5 epic epic NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 8 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 11 Digenis Digenis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 12 Acritas Acritas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 572 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 2 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 3 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 4 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 5 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 7 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 8 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 9 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 11 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 13 theological theological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 14 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 17 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 18 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 573 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 2 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 4 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 6 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 10 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 11 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 13 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 14 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 16 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 18 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 19 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 20 consist consist NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 22 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 23 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 25 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 27 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 29 pseudo pseudo NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 30 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 31 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 574 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 2 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 6 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 7 flourishing flourishing JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 8 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 11 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 12 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 14 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 15 runs run VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 18 9th 9th NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 21 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 25 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 26 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 28 sermons sermon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 30 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 31 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 33 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 35 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 37 devotional devotional NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 38 treatises treatise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 40 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 575 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 1 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 2 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 3 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 5 Romanos Romanos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 7 Melodist Melodist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 8 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 11 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 12 representative representative NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 576 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 2 227 227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 4 Music[edit music[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 10 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 11 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 14 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 16 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 17 composers composer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 18 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 19 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 21 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 23 Mosaic Mosaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 26 Musicians Musicians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 29 organ organ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 31 aulos aulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 34 lyre lyre NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 37 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 38 villa villa NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 40 Maryamin Maryamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 42 Syria[228 syria[228 XX en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 43 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 44 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 45 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 46 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 48 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 49 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 51 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 53 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 54 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 55 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 56 ceremonial ceremonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 58 festival festival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 60 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 61 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 62 music,[229 music,[229 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 63 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 64 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 66 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 69 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 70 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 71 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 72 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 73 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 577 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 1 Ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 2 chants chant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 5 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 6 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 9 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 578 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 1 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 3 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 4 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 5 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 8 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 9 tones tone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 12 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 14 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 15 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 17 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 18 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 20 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 21 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 24 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 25 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 26 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 579 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 2 230 230 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 5 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 7 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 8 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 10 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 11 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 16 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 18 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 20 ( ( 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43 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 44 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 45 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 47 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 48 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 580 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 1 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 2 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 3 depiction depiction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 6 bowed bow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 7 lyra lyra NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 11 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 12 ivory ivory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 13 casket casket NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 15 900–1100 900–1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 16 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 19 Museo Museo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 20 Nazionale Nazionale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 22 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 25 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 27 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 28 geographer geographer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 29 Ibn Ibn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 30 Khordadbeh Khordadbeh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 32 d. d. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 33 911 911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 37 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 38 lexicographical lexicographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 39 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 41 instruments instrument NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 42 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 44 lyra lyra NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 46 lūrā lūrā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 48 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 50 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 51 instrument instrument NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 54 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 55 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 56 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 58 urghun urghun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 60 organ organ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 63 shilyani shilyani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 65 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 67 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 69 harp harp NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 70 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 71 lyre lyre NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 75 salandj salandj NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 77 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 78 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 79 bagpipe bagpipe NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 80 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 581 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 2 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 10 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 11 bowed bow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 12 stringed stringed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 13 instrument instrument NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 14 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 17 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 18 lyra lyra NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 20 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 21 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 24 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 26 lira lira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 27 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 28 braccio,[232 braccio,[232 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 31 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 33 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 34 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 36 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 38 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 40 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 41 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 43 predecessor predecessor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 582 45 the the DT 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583 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 17 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 20 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 23 Politiki Politiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 24 lyra lyra NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 26 lit lit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 583 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 584 1 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 584 2 lyra lyra NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 584 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 584 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 584 5 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 584 6 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 584 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 584 8 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 585 1 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 585 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 585 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 585 4 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 585 5 , , , 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Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 12 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 14 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 15 Hydraulis Hydraulis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 19 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 22 Hippodrome Hippodrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 23 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 24 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 586 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 2 234][235 234][235 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 5 pipe pipe NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 6 organ organ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 587 9 great great JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 3 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 4 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 5 requested request VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 7 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 8 organ organ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 11 chapel chapel NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 13 Aachen Aachen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 15 812 812 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 17 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 19 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 21 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 22 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 23 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 588 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 589 1 [ [ -LRB- 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590 7 πλαγίαυλος πλαγίαυλος NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 10 πλάγιος πλάγιος NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 12 sideways sideway NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 17 resembled resemble VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 19 flute,[236 flute,[236 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 23 askaulos askaulo NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 25 ἀσκός ἀσκός NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 26 askos askos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 27 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 28 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 30 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 34 bagpipe bagpipe NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 590 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 2 237 237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 4 Bagpipes Bagpipes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 9 Dankiyo Dankiyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 12 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 13 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 15 angion angion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 17 Τὸ τὸ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 18 ἀγγεῖον ἀγγεῖον NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 22 container container NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 27 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 28 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 29 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 31 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 32 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 34 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 36 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 37 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 38 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 40 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 41 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 42 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 43 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 44 through through RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 47 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 591 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 2 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 3 Balkan Balkan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 4 Gaida Gaida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 6 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 7 Tsampouna Tsampouna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 9 Pontic Pontic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 10 Tulum Tulum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 12 Cretan Cretan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 13 Askomandoura Askomandoura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 15 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 16 Parkapzuk Parkapzuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 19 Romanian Romanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 20 Cimpoi Cimpoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 592 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 3 descendant descendant NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 6 aulos aulo NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 9 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 10 Zourna Zourna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 593 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 2 instruments instrument NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 6 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 8 Kanonaki Kanonaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 10 Oud Oud NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 12 Laouto Laouto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 14 Santouri Santouri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 16 Tambouras Tambouras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 18 Seistron Seistron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 20 defi defi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 21 tambourine tambourine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 24 Toubeleki Toubeleki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 26 Daouli Daouli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 594 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 2 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 4 Lavta Lavta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 6 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 8 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 11 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 12 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 14 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 17 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 595 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 1 Cuisine[edit cuisine[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 7 cuisine cuisine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 8 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 9 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 11 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 15 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 16 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 21 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 23 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 24 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 27 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 29 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 31 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 32 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 33 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 34 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 35 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 36 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 38 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 39 Balkan balkan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 41 Anatolian anatolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 42 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 596 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 2 cuisine cuisine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 3 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 4 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 5 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 8 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 11 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 13 sauce sauce NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 14 condiment condiment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 15 garos garo NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 20 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 21 foods food NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 22 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 23 familiar familiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 24 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 29 cured cure VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 30 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 31 pastirma pastirma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 33 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 36 paston paston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 39 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 40 Greek),[238][239][240 Greek),[238][239][240 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 42 baklava baklava NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 44 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 46 koptoplakous koptoplakous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 47 κοπτοπλακοῦς),[241 κοπτοπλακοῦς),[241 . en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 48 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 49 tiropita tiropita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 51 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 52 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 53 plakountas plakountas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 54 tetyromenous tetyromenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 55 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 56 tyritas tyritas JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 57 plakountas),[242 plakountas),[242 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 58 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 61 famed famed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 62 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 63 sweet sweet JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 64 wines wine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 66 Commandaria Commandaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 69 eponymous eponymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 70 Rumney Rumney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 71 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 597 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 1 Retsina Retsina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 3 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 4 flavoured flavour VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 6 pine pine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 7 resin resin NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 11 drunk drunk JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 15 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 18 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 19 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 21 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 22 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 23 reactions reaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 25 unfamiliar unfamiliar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 26 visitors visitor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 29 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 30 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 32 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 33 calamity calamity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 35 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 36 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 39 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 41 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 42 mixed mix VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 44 pitch pitch NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 46 resin resin NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 49 plaster plaster NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 50 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 52 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 53 undrinkable undrinkable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 56 complained complain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 57 Liutprand Liutprand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 59 Cremona Cremona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 61 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 62 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 64 ambassador ambassador NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 65 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 66 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 67 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 69 968 968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 70 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 72 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 73 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 74 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 75 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 76 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 598 77 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 2 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 5 garos garo NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 6 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 7 sauce sauce NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 8 condiment condiment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 12 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 13 appreciated appreciate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 16 unaccustomed unaccustomed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 18 Liutprand Liutprand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 20 Cremona Cremona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 21 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 22 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 23 served serve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 24 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 25 covered cover VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 29 exceedingly exceedingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 30 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 31 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 32 liquor liquor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 599 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 3 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 6 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 8 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 10 soy soy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 11 sauce sauce NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 12 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 13 condiment condiment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 15 murri murri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 18 fermented fermented JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 19 barley barley NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 20 sauce sauce NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 24 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 25 soy soy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 26 sauce sauce NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 28 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 29 umami umami NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 30 flavouring flavouring NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 32 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 33 dishes dish NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 600 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 2 244][245 244][245 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 4 Flags flag NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 6 insignia[edit insignia[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 11 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 12 flags flag NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 14 insignia insignia VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 16 double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 18 headed head VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 19 eagle eagle NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 23 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 24 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 25 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 26 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 28 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 29 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 32 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 34 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 36 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 38 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 39 heraldry heraldry JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 42 West west JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 43 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 44 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 601 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 602 1 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 602 2 emblems emblem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 602 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 602 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 602 5 : : : 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en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 14 Virgin Virgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 15 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 17 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 18 saints saint NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 21 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 23 seals seal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 25 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 28 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 30 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 31 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 32 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 33 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 34 emblems emblem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 604 35 . . . 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the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 24 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 25 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 26 psalter psalter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 29 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 30 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 32 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 33 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 35 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 37 Coptic Coptic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 38 Cairo Cairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 40 Right right UH en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 42 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 43 Joshua Joshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 44 Roll Roll NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 47 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 49 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 50 illuminated illuminate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 51 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 52 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 53 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 54 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 56 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 58 Vatican Vatican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 59 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 61 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 63 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 65 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 66 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 67 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 68 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 69 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 71 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 72 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 73 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 74 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 75 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 76 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 605 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 606 1 Demotic demotic NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 606 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 606 3 yellow yellow NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 606 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 607 1 Pontic Pontic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 607 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 607 3 orange orange NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 607 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 608 1 Cappadocian cappadocian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 608 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 608 3 green green NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 608 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 2 Green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 3 dots dot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 4 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 5 Cappadocian cappadocian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 6 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 7 speaking speaking NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 8 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 10 1910 1910 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 609 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 2 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 5 Apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 8 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 9 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 11 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 13 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 16 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 21 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 22 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 23 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 24 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 25 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 27 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 30 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 33 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 35 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 36 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 37 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 40 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 42 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 43 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 44 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 610 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 2 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 7 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 10 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 12 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 13 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 14 Romana Romana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 15 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 17 inclusionist inclusionist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 18 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 19 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 21 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 23 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 24 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 26 facilitated facilitate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 28 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 29 spreading spreading NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 31 entrenchment entrenchment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 33 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 37 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 611 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 3 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 4 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 7 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 13 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 15 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 17 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 21 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 26 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 29 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 34 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 35 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 37 lingua lingua FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 38 franca franca NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 40 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 41 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 42 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 44 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 45 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 46 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 612 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 2 249 249 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 4 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 9 diglossic diglossic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 12 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 17 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 19 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 20 evolving evolve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 22 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 23 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 27 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 29 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 30 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 31 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 33 Attic Attic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 34 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 36 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 37 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 38 won win VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 39 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 42 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 44 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 45 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 613 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 2 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 5 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 6 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 8 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 10 284–305 284–305 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 12 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 14 renew renew VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 16 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 18 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 20 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 23 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 27 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 28 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 29 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 32 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 36 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 37 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 38 ἡ ἡ POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 39 κρατοῦσα κρατοῦσα NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 40 διάλεκτος διάλεκτος NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 42 hē hē NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 43 kratousa kratousa VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 44 dialektos dialektos NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 46 attests attest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 49 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 51 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 52 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 55 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 57 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 614 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 3 251 251 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 8 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 11 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 12 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 13 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 14 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 16 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 18 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 22 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 24 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 25 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 26 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 28 legislate legislate VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 30 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 31 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 32 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 33 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 34 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 37 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 39 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 40 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 42 Thracian Thracian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 45 460s 460 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 615 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 6 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 7 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 9 stress stress VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 11 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 13 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 15 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 16 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 18 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 20 527–565 527–565 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 23 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 24 Corpus Corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 25 Juris Juris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 26 Civilis Civilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 28 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 29 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 30 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 32 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 616 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 7 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 8 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 9 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 11 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 12 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 617 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 5 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 7 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 12 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 13 persisted persist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 14 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 15 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 17 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 20 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 21 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 24 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 27 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 618 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 1 Scholarly Scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 2 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 3 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 4 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 5 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 7 disuse disuse NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 8 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 10 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 11 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 12 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 16 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 20 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 22 ceremonial ceremonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 23 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 26 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 28 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 30 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 31 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 619 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 2 252 252 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 4 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 6 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 7 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 9 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 15 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 18 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 19 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 21 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 23 Dalmatian dalmatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 24 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 26 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 27 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 29 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 30 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 31 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 32 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 33 Dalmatian Dalmatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 620 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 2 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 6 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 7 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 10 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 12 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 13 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 18 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 20 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 21 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 22 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 23 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 26 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 28 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 29 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 621 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 2 254 254 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 4 Notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 8 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 11 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 12 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 14 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 16 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 18 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 19 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 22 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 23 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 26 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 27 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 28 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 622 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 2 255 255 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 4 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 5 Coptic coptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 7 Armenian armenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 10 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 12 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 13 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 15 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 18 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 623 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 2 256 256 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 4 Later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 5 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 6 contacts contact NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 7 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 8 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 9 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 10 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 12 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 13 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 16 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 17 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 23 sphere sphere NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 25 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 624 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 2 257 257 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 7 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 9 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 10 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 13 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 17 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 18 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 22 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 24 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 26 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 28 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 29 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 30 unusual unusual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 31 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 32 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 625 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 2 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 6 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 10 Armenian armenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 12 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 13 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 14 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 17 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 19 pronounced pronounced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 22 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 23 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 26 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 626 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 2 254 254 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 4 Aside aside RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 9 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 10 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 13 prime prime JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 14 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 15 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 18 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 19 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 21 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 23 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 24 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 26 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 29 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 30 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 32 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 36 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 37 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 38 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 40 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 41 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 627 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 2 259 259 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 7 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 9 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 10 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 15 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 18 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 19 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 22 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 24 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 25 integral integral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 28 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 30 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 628 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 2 260 260 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 4 Recreation[edit recreation[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 7 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 9 τάβλι τάβλι NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 11 tabula tabula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 13 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 15 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 16 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 17 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 19 480 480 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 21 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 23 Agathias Agathias NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 25 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 26 530 530 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 27 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 30 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 31 unlucky unlucky JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 32 dice dice NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 33 throw throw NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 35 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 37 red red NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 41 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 42 threw throw VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 43 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 45 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 47 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 49 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 50 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 52 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 53 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 54 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 55 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 629 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 2 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 4 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 6 avid avid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 7 players player NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 9 tavli tavli NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 11 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 12 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 14 τάβλη τάβλη NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 18 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 19 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 23 backgammon backgammon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 27 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 28 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 30 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 31 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 32 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 35 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 36 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 39 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 40 tavli tavli NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 42 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 630 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 2 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 5 nobles noble NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 7 devoted devoted JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 9 horsemanship horsemanship NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 11 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 12 tzykanion tzykanion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 14 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 17 polo polo NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 631 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 2 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 3 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 5 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 6 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 9 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 10 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 13 Tzykanisterion Tzykanisterion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 15 stadium stadium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 17 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 19 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 22 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 24 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 25 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 27 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 29 408–450 408–450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 31 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 33 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 34 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 36 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 632 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 1 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 2 Basil Basil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 3 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 5 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 7 867–886 867–886 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 9 excelled excel VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 13 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 14 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 16 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 18 912–913 912–913 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 20 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 22 exhaustion exhaustion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 23 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 24 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 26 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 27 Alexios Alexios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 28 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 29 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 31 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 33 1081–1118 1081–1118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 35 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 36 injured injure VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 37 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 38 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 40 Tatikios Tatikios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 43 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 44 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 46 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 48 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 49   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 50 1235–1238 1235–1238 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 52 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 53 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 55 fatal fatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 56 injury injury NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 57 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 58 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 59 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 633 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 2 262][263 262][263 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 4 Aside aside RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 8 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 11 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 12 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 14 featured feature VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 15 tzykanisteria tzykanisteria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 18 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 19 Sparta Sparta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 21 Ephesus Ephesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 24 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 27 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 30 thriving thriving JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 31 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 32 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 634 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 2 264 264 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 5 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 7 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 10 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 12 crusaders crusader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 15 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 17 taste taste NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 20 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 23 pro pro JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 24 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 25 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 26 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 28 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 29 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 30 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 31 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 635 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 1 Economy[edit economy[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 3 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 4 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 7 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 10 silk silk NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 11 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 14 Sino sino JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 16 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 17 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 18 Gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 19 coin coin NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 21 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 22 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 24 527–565 527–565 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 25 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 27 excavated excavate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 29 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 30 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 33 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 36 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 38 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 40 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 41 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 42 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 44 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 45 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 46 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 47 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 48 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 49 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 51 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 52 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 54 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 57 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 58 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 59 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 60 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 636 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 1 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 4 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 6 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 8 match match VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 10 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 11 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 12 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 13 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 16 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 17 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 637 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 1 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 2 operated operate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 5 prime prime JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 6 hub hub NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 9 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 10 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 13 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 14 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 15 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 16 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 17 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 18 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 20 Eurasia Eurasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 22 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 23 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 26 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 29 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 30 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 31 terminus terminus NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 34 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 35 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 36 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 638 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 1 Until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 3 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 4 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 7 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 11 sharp sharp JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 12 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 15 decaying decay VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 16 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 19 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 20 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 22 flourishing flourish VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 24 resilient resilient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 639 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 2 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 5 Plague Plague NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 7 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 10 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 11 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 12 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 13 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 15 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 16 reversal reversal NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 18 fortunes fortune NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 19 contributing contribute VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 22 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 24 stagnation stagnation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 26 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 640 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 1 Isaurian isaurian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 2 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 4 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 5 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 7 repopulation repopulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 9 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 10 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 12 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 13 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 14 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 16 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 19 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 21 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 22 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 23 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 25 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 26 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 27 contraction contraction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 641 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 2 266 266 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 6 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 8 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 10 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 13 12th 12th NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 16 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 18 projected project VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 20 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 22 luxury luxury NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 24 travellers traveller NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 26 impressed impress VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 29 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 30 accumulated accumulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 33 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 642 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 2 267 267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 5 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 6 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 7 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 10 disruption disruption NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 12 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 13 manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 16 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 17 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 20 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 21 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 24 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 25 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 27 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 29 amounted amount VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 32 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 33 catastrophe catastrophe NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 36 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 643 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 2 267 267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 5 Palaiologoi Palaiologoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 6 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 8 revive revive VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 10 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 14 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 15 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 16 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 19 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 20 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 21 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 23 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 25 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 27 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 28 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 29 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 644 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 1 Gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 3 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 5 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 7 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 10 modalities modality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 12 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 15 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 16 mechanisms mechanism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 20 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 21 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 23 outflow outflow NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 25 precious precious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 26 metals metal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 29 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 31 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 32 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 34 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 35 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 37 minting minting NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 39 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 645 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 2 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 8 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 10 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 12 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 14 fostered foster VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 17 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 18 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 21 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 646 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 1 Textiles textile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 2 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 3 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 6 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 10 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 12 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 14 silks silk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 16 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 17 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 19 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 22 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 25 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 29 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 647 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 2 269 269 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 5 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 6 strictly strictly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 7 controlled control VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 8 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 10 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 13 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 14 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 17 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 19 monopoly monopoly NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 21 issuing issue VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 22 coinage coinage NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 24 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 26 durable durable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 28 flexible flexible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 29 monetary monetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 30 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 31 adaptable adaptable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 33 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 34 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 648 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 2 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 5 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 6 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 8 exercise exercise VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 9 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 10 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 12 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 13 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 16 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 18 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 21 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 24 guilds guild NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 26 corporations corporation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 31 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 33 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 34 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 649 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 2 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 5 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 6 intervened intervene VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 8 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 10 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 12 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 14 provisioning provisioning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 17 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 21 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 22 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 24 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 26 cereals cereal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 650 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 1 Finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 4 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 6 collected collect VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 10 surplus surplus NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 11 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 12 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 15 put put VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 17 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 19 circulation circulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 21 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 22 redistribution redistribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 27 salaries salary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 29 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 30 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 35 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 37 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 39 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 40 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 651 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 2 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 4 Legacy[edit legacy[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 9 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 12 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 13 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 16 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 17 Christ Christ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 18 Pantocrator Pantocrator NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 19 fresco fresco NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 21 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 22 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 24 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 25 1261 1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 26 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 27 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 28 Aristocracy Aristocracy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 30 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 31 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 32 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 33 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 34 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 35 Cities Cities NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 36 Coinage Coinage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 37 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 38 Dance Dance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 39 Diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 40 Dress dress NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 41 Economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 42 Gardens garden VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 43 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 44 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 45 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 46 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 47 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 48 People People NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 49 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 50 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 51 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 52 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 53 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 54 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 55 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 56 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 57 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 58 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 59 absolutism absolutism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 61 orthodox orthodox JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 62 spirituality spirituality NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 64 orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 66 exoticism exoticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 68 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 70 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 71 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 72 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 73 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 75 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 76 Byzantinism Byzantinism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 77 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 78 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 79 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 80 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 81 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 82 bywords byword NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 83 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 84 decadence decadence NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 86 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 87 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 88 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 89 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 90 repression repression NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 652 91 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 2 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 4 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 5 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 6 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 9 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 10 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 13 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 15 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 17 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 20 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 21 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 22 contrary contrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 24 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 27 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 653 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 3 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 6 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 9 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 11 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 14 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 15 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 17 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 18 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 19 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 22 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 24 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 25 connotations connotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 654 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 2 271 271 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 5 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 6 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 7 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 8 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 11 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 13 wholly wholly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 14 disputed dispute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 16 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 18 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 19 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 22 focus focus VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 25 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 26 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 28 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 29 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 31 legacy legacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 655 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 1 Averil Averil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 3 regards regard VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 5 undeniable undeniable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 7 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 8 contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 11 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 13 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 14 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 17 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 18 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 20 Obolensky Obolensky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 21 recognise recognise VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 23 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 24 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 26 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 28 shaping shape VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 29 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 33 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 34 occupies occupy VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 36 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 37 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 40 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 42 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 44 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 46 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 48 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 50 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 52 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 54 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 56 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 57 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 656 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 2 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 5 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 7 preserved preserve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 9 copied copy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 10 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 11 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 16 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 17 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 19 transmitters transmitter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 21 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 22 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 25 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 26 contributors contributor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 28 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 29 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 30 civilisation civilisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 34 precursors precursor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 36 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 37 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 38 humanism humanism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 40 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 42 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 43 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 657 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 2 273 273 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 6 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 7 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 8 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 14 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 16 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 17 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 19 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 20 isolated isolate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 21 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 22 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 24 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 25 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 26 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 29 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 658 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 1 Constantly constantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 2 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 3 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 6 distanced distance VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 7 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 8 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 10 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 12 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 14 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 15 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 23 Ottomans Ottomans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 659 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 3 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 4 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 6 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 8 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 12 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 14 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 15 reshaping reshaping NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 18 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 21 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 22 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 25 respective respective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 26 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 28 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 660 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 2 273 273 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 6 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 8 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 11 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 12 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 14 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 16 Sultan Sultan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 17 Mehmed Mehmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 18 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 19 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 21 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 23 Kaysar Kaysar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 24 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 25 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 26 Rûm Rûm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 30 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 31 Turkish Turkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 32 equivalent equivalent NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 34 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 36 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 39 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 40 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 41 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 42 determined determined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 44 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 46 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 47 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 49 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 52 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 53 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 54 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 661 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 2 274 274 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 5 also[edit also[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 7 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 9 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 10 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 12 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 13 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 14 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 15 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 16 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 17 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 18 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 19 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 20 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 21 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 22 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 23 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 24 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 25 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 26 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 28 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 31 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 32 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 33 Family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 34 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 37 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 38 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 39 dynasties dynasty NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 40 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 41 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 42 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 44 Palaiologos Palaiologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 45 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 46 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 48 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 49 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 50 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 52 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 53 inventions invention NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 54 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 55 of of IN 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662 78 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 81 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 82 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 83 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 84 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 85 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 86 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 87 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 88 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 89 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 90 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 91 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 92 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 93 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 94 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 95 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 96 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 97 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 98 unofficially unofficially RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 99 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 100 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 101 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 102 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 103 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 104 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 105 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 106 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 107 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 662 108 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 5 1081 1081 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 8 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 9 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 11 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 12 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 13 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 663 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 2 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 5 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 8 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 9 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 10 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 12 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 13 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 16 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 17 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 18 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 664 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 6 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 8 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 11 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 665 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 1 References[edit references[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 3 Citations[edit citations[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 5 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 7 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 666 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 667 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 667 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 667 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 668 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 668 2 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 668 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 668 4 Epstein Epstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 668 5 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 668 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 668 7 p. p. 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NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 673 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 673 10 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 673 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 673 12 Freeman Freeman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 673 13 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 673 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 673 15 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 673 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 1 431 431 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 3 435–37 435–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 5 459–62 459–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 7 Baynes Baynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 8 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 9 Moss Moss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 10 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 14 xx xx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 16 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 17 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 21 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 23 Kaldellis Kaldellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 24 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 674 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 1 2–3 2–3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 3 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 5 Constable Constable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 10 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 12 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 13 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 15 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 17 383 383 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 675 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 6 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 8 Shelby Shelby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 9 Cullom Cullom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 10 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 11 3.0 3.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 676 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 1 Professor Professor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 3 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 5 Professor Professor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 8 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 9 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 677 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 1 Warfare warfare NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 3 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 4 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 8 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 10 560–1204 560–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 678 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 679 1 p. p. 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NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 682 10 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 682 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 683 1 CUP CUP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 683 2 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 683 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 683 4 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 683 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 7 22379 22379 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 684 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 4 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 7 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 10 1081–1453 1081–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 685 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 686 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 2 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 3 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 5 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 8 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 9 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 14 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 16 1204–1461 1204–1461 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 18 1926 1926 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 20 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 22 Argonaut Argonaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 24 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 27 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 687 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 1 100–06 100–06 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 3 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 5 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 7 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 8 Anything Anything NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 10 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 12 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 688 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 2 Rosser rosser NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 9 Rosser rosser NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 10 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 14 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 689 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 2 Fossier Fossier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 4 Sondheimer Sondheimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 9 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 690 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 691 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 691 2 Wolff Wolff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 691 3 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 691 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 691 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 691 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 692 1 5–7 5–7 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 692 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 692 3 33–34 33–34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 692 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 693 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 693 2 Cinnamus Cinnamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 693 3 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 693 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 693 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 693 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 693 7 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 693 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 2 Browning brown VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 6 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 10 xiii xiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 14 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 15 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 17 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 18 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 19 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 22 Romaioi Romaioi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 24 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 694 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 3 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 4 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 7 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 9 heirs heir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 18 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 20 united unite VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 21 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 23 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 24 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 26 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 27 Mediterranean mediterranean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 28 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 30 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 33 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 34 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 695 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 2 Nicol Nicol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 4 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 7 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 9 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 696 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 4 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 6 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 7 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 697 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 698 1 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 698 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 698 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 698 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 698 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 698 6 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 698 7 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 698 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 699 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 699 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 699 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 699 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 699 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 699 6 318 318 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 699 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 700 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 700 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 700 3 2159 2159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 700 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 700 5 3159 3159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 700 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 2 Ahrweiler Ahrweiler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 11 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 16 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 701 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 702 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 702 2 Gabriel Gabriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 702 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 702 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 702 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 702 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 702 7 277 277 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 702 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 2 Ahrweiler Ahrweiler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 9 vii vii NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 11 Davies davy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 12 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 16 245 245 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 18 Gross Gross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 19 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 23 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 25 Lapidge Lapidge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 27 Blair Blair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 28 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 29 Keynes Keynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 30 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 32 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 34 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 36 Millar Millar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 37 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 39 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 703 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 3 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 5 Moravcsik Moravcsik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 6 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 704 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 705 1 11–12 11–12 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 705 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 705 3 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 705 4 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 705 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 705 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 705 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 3 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 5 Browning brown VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 6 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 10 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 706 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 2 Klein Klein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 7 290 290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 9 Note note VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 10 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 11 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 14 Annales Annales NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 15 Fuldenses Fuldenses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 17 389 389 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 20 Mense Mense NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 21 lanuario lanuario NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 22 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 23 epiphaniam epiphaniam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 24 Basilii Basilii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 26 Graecorum Graecorum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 27 imperatoris imperatoris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 29 legati legati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 30 cum cum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 31 muneribus muneribus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 32 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 33 epistolis epistolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 34 ad ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 35 Hludowicum Hludowicum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 36 regem regem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 37 Radasbonam Radasbonam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 38 venerunt venerunt NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 40 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 707 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 2 Fouracre Fouracre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 4 Gerberding Gerberding NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 9 345 345 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 13 Frankish frankish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 14 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 15 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 16 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 17 regarded regard VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 19 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 22 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 23 valid valid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 24 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 26 universality universality NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 28 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 31 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 32 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 34 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 38 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 39 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 708 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 2 Tarasov Tarasov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 4 Milner Milner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 6 Gulland Gulland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 11 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 13 El El NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 15 Cheikh Cheikh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 16 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 20 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 21 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 23 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 24 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 25 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 29 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 31 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 32 1922 1922 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 34 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 35 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 709 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 2 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 3 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 8 Kuhoff Kuhoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 9 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 710 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 711 1 177–78 177–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 711 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 2 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 3 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 8 Esler Esler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 13 1081 1081 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 15 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 16 1906 1906 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 18 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 19 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 21 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 22 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 24 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 25 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 28 168 168 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 30 Teall Teall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 31 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 33 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 712 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 3 19–23 19–23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 5 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 7 28–30 28–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 9 35–36 35–36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 11 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 12 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 15 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 17 Drake Drake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 18 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 22 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 24 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 25 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 27 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 713 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 714 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 714 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 714 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 714 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 2 Bowersock Bowersock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 7 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 9 Greatrex Greatrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 10 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 11 Lieu Lieu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 16 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 17 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 18 Friell Friell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 19 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 20 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 21 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 25 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 27 Perrottet Perrottet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 28 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 30 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 32 190 190 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 33 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 34 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 35 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 37 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 715 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 716 1 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 716 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 716 3 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 716 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 716 5 153 153 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 716 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 2 Alemany Alemany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 7 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 9 Bayless bayless NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 10 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 717 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 718 1 176–77 176–77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 718 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 718 3 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 718 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 718 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 718 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 718 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 719 1 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 719 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 719 3 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 719 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 7 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 10 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 11 Burns Burns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 12 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 720 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 1 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 3 76–77 76–77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 5 86–87 86–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 7 Lenski Lenski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 8 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 721 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 722 1 428–29 428–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 722 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 723 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 723 2 Grierson Grierson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 723 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 723 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 723 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 723 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 723 7 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 723 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 2 Postan Postan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 4 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 6 Postan Postan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 7 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 11 140 140 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 724 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 2 Chapman Chapman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 3 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 7 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 9 Meier Meier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 10 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 14 290 290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 725 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 6 Inheritance Inheritance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 10 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 11 Wickham Wickham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 13 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 14 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 15 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 16 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 20 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 22 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 24 670 670 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 26 02098 02098 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 28 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 30 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 31 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 726 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 7 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 8 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 9 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 10 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 14 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 15 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 16 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 17 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 21 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 727 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 2 Merryman Merryman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 4 Perez Perez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 6 Perdomo Perdomo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 13 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 14 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 18 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 20 Meier Meier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 21 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 23 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 728 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 729 1 297–300 297–300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 729 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 730 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 730 2 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 730 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 730 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 730 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 730 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 730 7 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 730 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 731 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 731 2 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 731 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 731 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 731 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 731 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 731 7 xxv xxv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 731 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 732 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 732 2 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 732 3 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 732 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 732 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 732 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 733 1 180–216 180–216 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 733 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 733 3 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 733 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 733 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 733 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 733 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 734 1 xxvi xxvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 734 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 734 3 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 734 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 2 Sotinel Sotinel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 7 278 278 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 9 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 10 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 14 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 735 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 736 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 736 2 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 736 3 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 736 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 736 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 736 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 1 236–58 236–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 3 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 8 xxvi xxvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 737 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 738 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 738 2 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 738 3 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 738 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 738 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 738 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 1 259–81 259–81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 3 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 8 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 739 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 740 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 740 2 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 740 3 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 740 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 740 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 740 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 1 286–88 286–88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 3 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 8 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 741 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 2 Greatrex Greatrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 7 489 489 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 9 Greatrex Greatrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 10 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 11 Lieu Lieu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 16 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 17 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 18 Bury bury NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 19 1920 1920 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 22 Preface Preface NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 25 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 742 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 1 v v LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 3 vi vi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 4 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 5 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 743 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 3 56–62 56–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 5 Sarantis sarantis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 8 passim passim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 744 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 2 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 7 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 8 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 9 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 10 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 14 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 16 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 17 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 745 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 746 1 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 746 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 746 3 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 746 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 747 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 747 2 Bray Bray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 747 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 747 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 747 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 747 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 748 1 19–47 19–47 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 748 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 748 3 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 748 4 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 748 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 748 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 748 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 749 1 110–11 110–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 749 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 749 3 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 749 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 749 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 749 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 749 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 750 1 196–97 196–97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 750 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 751 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 751 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 751 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 751 4 Louth Louth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 751 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 751 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 751 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 751 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 1 113–15 113–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 2 harvnb harvnb NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 3 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 6 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 8 CITEREFLouth2005 citereflouth2005 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 10 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 13 Nystazopoulou Nystazopoulou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 15 Pelekidou Pelekidou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 16 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 18 passim passim JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 20 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 21 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 23 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 752 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 753 1 231–32 231–32 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 753 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 2 Fine fine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 3 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 7 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 9 Foss Foss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 10 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 14 722 722 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 754 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 7 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 9 Speck speck NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 10 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 14 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 755 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 756 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 756 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 756 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 756 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 756 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 756 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 757 1 42–43 42–43 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 757 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 2 Grabar Grabar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 3 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 7 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 9 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 10 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 14 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 758 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 759 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 759 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 759 3 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 759 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 759 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 759 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 760 1 5–6 5–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 760 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 760 3 20–22 20–22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 760 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 7 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 9 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 10 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 14 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 16 Baynes Baynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 17 1912 1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 19 passim passim JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 21 Speck speck NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 22 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 24 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 26 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 761 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 762 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 762 2 Foss Foss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 762 3 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 762 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 762 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 762 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 763 1 746–47 746–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 763 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 764 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 764 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 764 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 764 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 764 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 764 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 764 7 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 764 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 765 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 765 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 765 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 765 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 765 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 765 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 766 1 61–62 61–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 766 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 767 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 767 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 767 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 767 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 767 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 767 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 1 102–14 102–14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 3 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 5 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 10 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 768 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 769 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 769 2 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 769 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 769 4 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 769 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 769 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 769 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 769 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 1 38–42 38–42 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 3 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 5 Wickham Wickham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 10 260 260 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 770 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 771 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 771 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 771 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 771 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 771 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 771 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 772 1 208–15 208–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 772 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 772 3 Kaegi Kaegi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 772 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 772 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 772 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 772 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 773 1 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 773 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 773 3 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 773 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 774 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 774 2 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 774 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 774 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 774 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 774 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 774 7 431 431 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 774 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 775 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 775 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 775 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 775 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 775 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 775 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 1 43–45 43–45 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 3 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 5 114–15 114–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 8 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 9 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 10 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 776 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 777 1 66–67 66–67 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 777 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 778 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 778 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 778 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 778 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 778 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 778 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 778 7 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 778 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 779 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 779 2 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 779 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 779 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 779 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 779 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 1 70–78 70–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 3 169–71 169–71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 5 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 780 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 1 216–17 216–17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 3 Kountoura Kountoura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 5 Galake Galake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 781 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 782 1 62–75 62–75 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 782 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 783 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 783 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 783 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 783 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 783 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 783 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 784 1 67–68 67–68 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 784 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 785 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 785 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 785 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 785 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 785 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 785 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 1 167–70 167–70 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 3 Garland Garland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 8 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 786 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 787 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 787 2 Parry Parry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 787 3 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 787 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 787 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 787 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 788 1 11–15 11–15 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 788 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 789 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 789 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 789 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 789 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 789 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 789 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 789 7 267 267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 789 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 6 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 7 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 11 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 790 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 791 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 791 2 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 791 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 791 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 791 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 791 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 792 1 432–33 432–33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 792 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 6 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 7 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 11 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 793 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 2 Karlin Karlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 4 Heyer Heyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 5 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 9 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 12 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 13 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 14 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 15 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 19 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 794 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 795 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 795 2 Browning browning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 795 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 795 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 795 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 795 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 795 7 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 795 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 796 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 796 2 Browning browning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 796 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 796 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 796 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 796 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 796 7 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 796 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 797 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 797 2 Browning browning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 797 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 797 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 797 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 797 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 797 7 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 797 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 798 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 798 2 Browning browning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 798 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 798 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 798 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 798 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 798 7 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 798 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 5 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 10 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 799 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 800 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 800 2 Browning browning NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 800 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 800 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 800 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 800 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 800 7 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 800 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 801 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 801 2 Browning brown VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 801 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 801 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 801 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 801 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 802 1 102–03 102–03 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 802 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 803 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 803 2 Browning brown VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 803 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 803 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 803 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 803 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 804 1 103–05 103–05 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 804 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 805 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 805 2 Browning brown VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 805 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 805 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 805 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 805 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 806 1 106–07 106–07 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 806 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 807 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 807 2 Browning brown VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 807 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 807 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 807 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 807 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 808 1 112–13 112–13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 808 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 5 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 10 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 809 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 5 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 810 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 811 1 114–15 114–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 811 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 4 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 9 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 812 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 2 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 3 Toumanoff Toumanoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 5 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 7 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 813 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 814 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 814 2 Caucasia Caucasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 814 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 814 4 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 814 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 814 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 2 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 4 Rapp Rapp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 6 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 7 Crego Crego NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 9 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 815 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 1 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 3 Cultures Cultures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 5 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 6 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 8 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 816 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 817 1 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 817 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 817 3 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 817 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 818 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 818 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 818 3 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 818 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 7 351 351 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 9 92326 92326 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 819 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 820 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 820 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 820 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 820 4 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 820 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 820 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 820 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 820 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 821 1 97–98 97–98 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 821 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 822 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 822 2 Browning brown VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 822 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 822 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 822 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 822 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 823 1 98–99 98–99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 823 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 824 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 824 2 Browning brown VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 824 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 824 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 824 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 824 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 825 1 98–109 98–109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 825 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 826 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 826 2 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 826 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 826 4 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 826 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 826 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 826 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 826 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 1 130–31 130–31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 3 Pounds pound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 4 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 8 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 827 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 2 Duiker Duiker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 4 Spielvogel Spielvogel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 9 317 317 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 828 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 829 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 829 2 Timberlake Timberlake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 829 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 829 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 829 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 829 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 829 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 829 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 830 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 830 2 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 830 3 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 830 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 830 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 830 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 830 7 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 830 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 831 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 831 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 831 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 831 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 831 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 831 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 831 7 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 831 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 832 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 832 2 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 832 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 832 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 832 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 832 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 833 1 548–49 548–49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 833 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 4 Markham Markham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 8 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 10 Manzikert Manzikert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 834 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 2 Vasiliev Vasiliev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 3 1928–1935 1928–1935 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 6 Relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 8 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 10 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 11 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 835 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 2 Hooper Hooper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 4 Bennett Bennett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 9 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 11 Stephenson Stephenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 12 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 16 157 157 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 836 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 837 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 837 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 837 3 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 837 4 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 837 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 837 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 838 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 838 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 838 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 1 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 3 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 4 Markham Markham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 8 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 10 Manzikert Manzikert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 839 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 4 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 9 190 190 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 840 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 841 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 841 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 841 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 841 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 841 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 841 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 841 7 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 841 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 842 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 842 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 842 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 842 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 842 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 842 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 842 7 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 842 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 843 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 843 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 843 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 843 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 843 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 843 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 843 7 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 843 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 844 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 844 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 844 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 844 4 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 844 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 844 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 844 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 844 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 845 1 198–208 198–208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 845 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 4 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 9 218 218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 846 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 847 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 847 2 Magdalino Magdalino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 847 3 2002a 2002a CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 847 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 847 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 847 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 847 7 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 847 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 848 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 848 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 848 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 848 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 848 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 848 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 848 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 848 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 849 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 849 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 849 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 850 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 850 2 Birkenmeier Birkenmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 850 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 850 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 4 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 7 Read Read NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 8 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 12 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 14 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 15 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 19 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 851 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 2 Komnene Komnene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 3 1928 1928 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 5 Alexiad Alexiad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 7 10.261 10.261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 9 Komnene Komnene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 10 1928 1928 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 12 Alexiad Alexiad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 14 13.348–13.358 13.348–13.358 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 16 Birkenmeier Birkenmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 17 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 21 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 852 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 853 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 853 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 853 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 853 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 853 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 853 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 853 7 267 267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 853 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 854 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 854 2 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 854 3 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 854 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 854 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 854 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 854 7 377 377 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 854 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 855 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 855 2 Birkenmeier Birkenmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 855 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 855 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 855 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 855 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 855 7 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 855 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 856 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 856 2 Cinnamus Cinnamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 856 3 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 856 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 856 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 856 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 857 1 74–75 74–75 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 857 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 858 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 858 2 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 858 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 858 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 858 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 858 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 858 7 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 858 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 859 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 859 2 Magdalino Magdalino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 859 3 2002a 2002a CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 859 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 859 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 859 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 859 7 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 859 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 860 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 860 2 Sedlar Sedlar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 860 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 860 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 860 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 860 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 860 7 372 372 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 860 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 861 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 861 2 Magdalino Magdalino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 861 3 2002a 2002a CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 861 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 861 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 861 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 861 7 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 861 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 862 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 862 2 Birkenmeier Birkenmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 862 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 862 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 862 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 862 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 862 7 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 862 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 863 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 863 2 Birkenmeier Birkenmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 863 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 863 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 863 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 863 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 863 7 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 863 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 864 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 864 2 Birkenmeier Birkenmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 864 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 864 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 864 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 864 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 865 1 185–86 185–86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 865 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 866 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 866 2 Birkenmeier Birkenmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 866 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 866 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 866 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 866 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 866 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 866 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 867 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 867 2 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 867 3 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 867 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 867 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 867 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 868 1 289–90 289–90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 868 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 868 3 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 868 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 868 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 869 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 869 2 Diehl Diehl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 869 3 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 869 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 2 Tatakes Tatakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 4 Moutafakis Moutafakis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 9 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 870 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 871 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 871 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 871 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 871 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 871 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 871 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 871 7 291 291 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 871 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 5 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 10 292 292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 872 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 4 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 5 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 9 397 397 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 873 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 874 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 874 2 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 874 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 874 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 874 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 874 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 874 7 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 874 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 875 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 875 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 875 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 875 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 875 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 875 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 875 7 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 875 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 876 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 876 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 876 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 876 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 876 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 876 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 877 1 294–95 294–95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 877 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 2 Angold angold NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 5 Paparrigopoulos Paparrigopoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 7 Karolidis Karolidis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 8 1925 1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 12 216 216 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 13 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 14 Vasiliev Vasiliev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 15 1928–1935 1928–1935 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 18 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 19 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 22 Angeloi Angeloi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 878 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 879 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 879 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 879 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 879 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 879 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 879 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 879 7 299 299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 879 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 3 Concise Concise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 5 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 7 Zara Zara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 8 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 10 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 11 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 14 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 15 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 880 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 881 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 881 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 881 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 881 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 881 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 881 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 881 7 301 301 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 881 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 2 Choniates choniate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 3 1912 1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 6 Sack Sack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 882 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 4 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 5 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 8 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 11 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 883 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 884 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 884 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 884 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 885 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 885 2 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 885 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 885 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 885 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 885 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 886 1 127–43 127–43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 886 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 887 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 887 2 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 1 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 2 Vasiliev Vasiliev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 6 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 11 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 13 1204–1222 1204–1222 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 17 Speculum Speculum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 19 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 21 1936 1936 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 24 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 888 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 1 18f 18f NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 3 Kean Kean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 6 Madden Madden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 11 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 889 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 890 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 890 2 Köprülü Köprülü NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 890 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 890 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 890 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 890 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 891 1 33–41 33–41 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 891 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 2 Madden Madden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 7 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 9 Reinert Reinert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 10 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 14 260 260 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 892 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 4 Reinert Reinert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 9 257 257 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 893 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 894 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 894 2 Reinert Reinert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 894 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 894 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 894 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 894 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 894 7 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 894 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 895 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 895 2 Reinert Reinert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 895 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 895 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 895 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 895 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 895 7 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 895 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 896 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 896 2 Reinert Reinert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 896 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 896 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 896 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 896 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 896 7 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 896 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 897 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 897 2 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 897 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 897 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 897 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 897 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 898 1 71–72 71–72 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 898 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 899 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 899 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 899 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 899 4 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 899 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 899 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 899 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 899 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 900 1 84–85 84–85 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 900 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 901 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 901 2 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 901 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 901 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 901 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 901 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 902 1 84–86 84–86 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 902 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 903 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 903 2 Hindley Hindley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 903 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 903 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 903 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 903 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 903 7 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 903 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 2 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 4 Eugenia Eugenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 6 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 904 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 905 1 Literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 905 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 905 3 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 905 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 905 5 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 905 6 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 905 7 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 905 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 906 1 A&C A&C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 906 2 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 906 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 7 4411 4411 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 9 5584 5584 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 907 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 2 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 3 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 6 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 7 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 8 Lowry Lowry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 9 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 908 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 909 1 115–16 115–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 909 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 910 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 910 2 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 910 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 910 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 910 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 910 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 910 7 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 910 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 2 Seton Seton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 4 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 5 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 9 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 911 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 912 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 912 2 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 912 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 912 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 912 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 912 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 913 1 259–60 259–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 913 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 2 Louth Louth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 7 291 291 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 8 harvnb harvnb NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 9 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 11 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 12 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 14 CITEREFLouth2005 citereflouth2005 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 16 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 19 Neville Neville NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 20 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 22 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 24 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 914 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 915 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 915 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 915 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 915 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 915 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 915 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 1 138–42 138–42 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 3 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 8 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 916 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 917 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 917 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 917 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 917 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 917 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 917 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 1 157–58 157–58 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 3 Neville Neville NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 8 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 918 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 919 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 919 2 Neville Neville NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 919 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 919 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 919 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 919 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 919 7 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 919 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 920 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 920 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 920 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 920 4 Neumann Neumann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 920 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 920 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 920 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 920 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 921 1 869–71 869–71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 921 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 922 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 922 2 Chrysos Chrysos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 922 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 922 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 922 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 922 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 922 7 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 922 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 923 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 923 2 Antonucci Antonucci NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 923 3 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 923 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 923 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 923 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 924 1 11–13 11–13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 924 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 925 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 925 2 Antonucci Antonucci NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 925 3 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 925 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 925 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 925 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 926 1 11–13 11–13 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 926 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 926 3 Seeck Seeck NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 926 4 1876 1876 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 926 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 926 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 926 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 1 31–33 31–33 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 3 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 5 Philotheus Philotheus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 6 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 10 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 927 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 928 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 928 2 Dennis Dennis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 928 3 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 928 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 928 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 928 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 928 7 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 928 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 929 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 929 2 Obolensky Obolensky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 929 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 929 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 929 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 929 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 929 7 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 929 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 930 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 930 2 Anastos Anastos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 930 3 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 930 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 930 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 930 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 930 7 409 409 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 930 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 2 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 3 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 6 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 7 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 9 Archimedes Archimedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 10 Manuscript Manuscript NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 12 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 13 Mathematical Mathematical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 14 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 16 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 17 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 931 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 932 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 932 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 932 3 Pendentive pendentive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 932 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 932 5 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 932 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 932 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 2 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 5 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 7 Wright Wright NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 10 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 12 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 13 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 14 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 933 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 2 Gears gear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 5 Byzantines byzantine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 8 portable portable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 9 sundial sundial NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 11 calendrical calendrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 12 gearing gearing NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 934 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 935 1 Annals Annals NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 935 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 935 3 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 935 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 1 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 6 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 8 doi:10.1080/00033798500200131 doi:10.1080/00033798500200131 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 936 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 3 Anonymous anonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 6 sundial sundial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 8 cum cum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 10 calendar calendar NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 937 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 938 1 brunelleschi.imss.fi.it brunelleschi.imss.fi.it NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 938 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 3 Sundial sundial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 4 info info NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 939 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 940 1 academy.edu.gr academy.edu.gr ADD en-wikipedia-org-1692 940 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 4 Partington Partington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 6 J.R. J.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 8 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 941 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 5 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 6 Fire Fire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 8 Gunpowder Gunpowder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 942 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 943 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 943 2 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 943 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 943 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 943 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 943 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 944 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 944 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 944 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 944 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 945 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 945 2 Prioreschi Prioreschi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 945 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 945 4 Plinio Plinio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 945 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 946 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 946 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 4 Medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 8 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 9 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 947 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 948 1 Horatius Horatius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 948 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 948 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 949 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 949 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 949 3 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 949 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 950 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 950 2 Pevny Pevny NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 950 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 950 4 Olenka Olenka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 950 5 Z. Z. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 951 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 951 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 951 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 951 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 2 Perceptions perception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 4 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 6 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 7 Neighbors neighbor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 9 843–1261 843–1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 952 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 953 1 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 953 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 953 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 953 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 954 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 954 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 955 1 94–95 94–95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 955 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 4 Philoponus Philoponus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 6 Commentary Commentary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 8 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 10 Physics Physics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 12 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 956 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 957 1 homepages.wmich.edu homepages.wmich.edu NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 957 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 7 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 958 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 959 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 959 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 959 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 959 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 959 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 2 Wildberg Wildberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 4 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 6 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 960 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 961 1 Zalta Zalta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 961 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 961 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 961 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 962 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 962 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 962 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 962 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 962 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 963 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 963 2 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 963 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 963 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 963 5 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 963 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 1 Metaphysics Metaphysics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 3 Lab Lab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 5 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 8 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 9 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 10 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 12 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 964 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 965 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 965 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 965 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 965 4 Lindberg Lindberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 965 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 965 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 965 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 2 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 5 Beginnings Beginnings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 7 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 8 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 966 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 967 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 967 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 967 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 967 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 967 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 968 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 968 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 968 3 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 968 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 969 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 969 2 Wikander Wikander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 969 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 969 4 Orjan Orjan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 969 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 970 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 970 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 971 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 971 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 971 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 971 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 971 5 Water Water NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 971 6 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 971 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 971 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 972 1 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 972 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 973 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 973 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 974 1 383–84 383–84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 974 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 3 Boat boat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 4 mills mill NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 6 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 7 powered power VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 9 floating float VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 10 factories factory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 975 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 976 1 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 976 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 976 3 Tech Tech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 976 4 Magazine Magazine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 976 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 2 Troianos Troianos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 4 Velissaropoulou Velissaropoulou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 6 Karakosta Karakosta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 7 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 11 340 340 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 13 Lindberg Lindberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 15 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 977 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 2 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 5 Beginnings Beginnings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 7 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 8 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 978 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 979 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 979 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 979 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 979 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 979 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 980 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 980 2 349 349 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 980 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 981 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 981 2 Prioreschi Prioreschi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 981 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 981 4 Plinio Plinio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 981 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 982 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 982 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 4 Medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 8 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 9 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 983 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 984 1 Horatius Horatius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 984 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 984 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 985 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 985 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 985 3 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 985 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 4 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 6 Conjoined Conjoined NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 7 Twins Twins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 9 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 10 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 11 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 986 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 987 1 Medievalists.net Medievalists.net NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 987 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 988 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 988 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 988 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 988 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 2 Montandon Montandon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 4 Denys Denys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 6 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 989 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 3 Unspeakable unspeakable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 6 Thoracopagus Thoracopagus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 7 Twins Twins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 8 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 9 Separation Separation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 990 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 991 1 denysmontandon.com denysmontandon.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-1692 991 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 992 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 992 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 992 3 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 992 4 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 992 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 992 6 weaponry weaponry NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 992 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 992 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 993 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 993 2 Tucker Tucker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 993 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 993 4 Spencer Spencer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 993 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 993 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 993 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 6 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 7 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 10 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 12 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 15 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 16 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 17 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 994 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 995 1 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 995 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 995 3 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 995 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 996 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 996 2 450 450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 996 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 997 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 997 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 997 3 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 997 4 Fire Fire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 997 5 Grenades Grenades NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 997 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 997 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 998 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 998 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 998 3 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 998 4 Fire Fire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 998 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 998 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 999 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 999 2 Decker Decker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 999 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 999 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 999 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1000 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1000 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1000 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1000 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1001 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1001 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1001 3 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1001 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1001 5 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1001 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1002 1 Westholme Westholme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1002 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1002 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1003 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1003 2 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1003 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1004 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1004 2 Decker Decker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1004 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1004 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1004 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1005 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1005 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1005 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1005 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1006 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1006 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1006 3 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1006 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1006 5 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1006 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1007 1 Westholme Westholme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1007 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1007 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1008 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1008 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1009 1 227–29 227–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1009 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 2 Tatakes Tatakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 4 Moutafakis Moutafakis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 9 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1010 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1011 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1011 2 Robins Robins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1011 3 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1011 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1011 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1011 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1011 7 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1011 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1012 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1012 2 Jennifer Jennifer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1012 3 Fretland Fretland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1012 4 VanVoorst VanVoorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1012 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1012 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1012 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1012 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1013 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1013 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1013 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1013 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1014 1 Capstone capstone NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1014 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1015 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1015 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1015 3 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1015 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 7 7565 7565 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 9 4565 4565 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1016 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1017 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1017 2 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1017 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1017 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1017 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1017 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1018 1 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1018 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1018 3 162–63 162–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1018 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1019 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1019 2 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1019 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1019 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1019 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1019 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1019 7 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1019 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1020 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1020 2 Meyendorff Meyendorff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1020 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1020 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1020 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1020 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1020 7 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1020 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1021 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1021 2 Meyendorff Meyendorff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1021 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1021 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1021 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1021 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1021 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1021 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1022 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1022 2 Meyendorff Meyendorff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1022 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1022 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1022 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1022 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1022 7 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1022 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 3 Cartwright Cartwright NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 5 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 6 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 7 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1023 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1024 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1024 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1024 3 Monasticism Monasticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1024 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1024 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1025 1 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1025 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1025 3 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1025 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 2 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 3 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 5 Book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 8 Title title NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 11 Blume Blume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 12 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 14 Headnote Headnote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 15 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 16 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 18 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 19 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 23 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1026 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1027 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1027 2 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1027 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1027 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1027 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1027 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1028 1 108–09 108–09 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1028 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 2 Blume Blume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 5 Headnote Headnote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 6 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 7 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 9 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 10 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1029 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1030 1 108–09 108–09 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1030 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1030 3 115–25 115–25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1030 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1031 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1031 2 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1031 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1031 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1031 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1031 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1032 1 115–25 115–25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1032 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1033 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1033 2 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1033 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1033 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1033 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1033 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1034 1 111–14 111–14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1034 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1035 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1035 2 Rice Rice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1035 3 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1035 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1035 5 Weitzmann Weitzmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1035 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1035 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 2 Rice Rice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 3 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 5 Chapters chapter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 6 15–17 15–17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 8 Weitzmann Weitzmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 9 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 11 Chapters chapter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 12 2–7 2–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 14 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 15 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 17 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1036 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1037 1 389–555 389–555 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1037 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1038 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1038 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1038 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1038 4 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1038 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1038 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1038 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1038 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1039 1 275–76 275–76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1039 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1040 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 1040 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1040 3 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1040 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1040 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1040 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1041 1 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1041 2 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1041 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1042 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1042 2 Ring Ring NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1042 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1042 4 Trudy Trudy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1042 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1042 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1042 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1042 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 4 Historic Historic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 5 Places Places NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 7 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 8 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 10 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1043 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1044 1 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1044 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1045 1 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1045 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1045 3 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1045 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1046 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1046 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1046 3 318 318 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1046 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 7 884964 884964 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 9 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1047 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 3 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 4 Electronic Electronic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 5 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 7 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 8 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1048 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 5 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 7 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 9 Ecumenical Ecumenical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 10 Patriarchate Patriarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 14 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1049 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1050 1 ec-patr.net ec-patr.net NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1050 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1051 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1051 2 Kartomi Kartomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1051 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1051 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1051 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1051 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1051 7 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1051 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1052 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1052 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1052 3 lira lira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1052 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1052 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1053 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1053 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1053 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1054 1 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1054 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 2 Arkenberg Arkenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 4 Rebecca Rebecca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1055 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1056 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1056 2 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1056 3 Violins Violins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1056 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1056 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1057 1 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1057 2 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1057 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1057 4 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1057 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1058 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1058 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1058 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1058 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1058 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1059 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1059 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1059 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1059 4 Sport Sport NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1059 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1059 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1059 7 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1059 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1060 1 8 8 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1060 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1060 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1060 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 1 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 3 Winter Winter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 5 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 8 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1061 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 4 Douglas Douglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 5 Earl Earl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 6 Bush Bush NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 9 Kassel Kassel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 10 editors editor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 13 Organ Organ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 15 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 16 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 17 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1062 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1063 1 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1063 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 9 94174 94174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 14 327 327 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 16 Howard Howard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 18 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1064 19 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1065 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1065 2 1893 1893 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1065 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1065 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1066 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1066 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1066 3 Αὐλός Αὐλός NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1066 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1066 5 Tibia Tibia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1066 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1066 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1067 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1067 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1067 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1067 4 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1067 5 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1067 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1068 1 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1068 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1068 3 1–60 1–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1068 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1069 1 doi:10.2307/310399 doi:10.2307/310399 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1069 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1070 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1070 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1070 3 310399 310399 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1070 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1071 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1071 2 Flood Flood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1071 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1071 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1071 5 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1071 6 Grattan Grattan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1071 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1072 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1072 2 story story NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1072 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1072 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1072 5 bagpipe bagpipe NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1072 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1073 1 Рипол Рипол NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1073 2 Классик Классик NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1073 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 7 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 9 34422 34422 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1074 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 2 Ash Ash NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 3 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 7 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 10 Having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 11 inherited inherit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 12 pastirma pastirma NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 15 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 18 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 19 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 22 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 23 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 25 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 26 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 28 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1075 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 2 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 6 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 7 cookery cookery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1076 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 1 123–24 123–24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 6 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 7 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 9 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 10 cuisine cuisine NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1077 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 1 Dried dry VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 2 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 5 forerunner forerunner NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 8 pastirma pastirma NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 11 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 13 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 15 delicacy delicacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1078 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1079 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1079 2 Dalby Dalby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1079 3 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 1079 4 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1079 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 1 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 8 paston paston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 10 tarichon tarichon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 11 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 12 Cured cure VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 13 meats meat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 15 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 16 eaten eat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 17 raw raw JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 19 cooked cook VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 21 pasto pasto JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 23 mageireia mageireia NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 25 bulgur bulgur NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 27 greens green NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 29 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 30 cabbage cabbage VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1080 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 2 Ash Ash NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 3 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 7 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 9 Faas Faas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 10 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 14 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 16 Vryonis Vryonis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 17 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 21 482 482 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1081 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1082 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1082 2 Faas Faas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1082 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1082 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1082 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1082 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 1 184–85 184–85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 3 Vryonis Vryonis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 4 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 8 482 482 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 10 Salaman salaman NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 11 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 15 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1083 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 4 Halsall Halsall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 6 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 8 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1084 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 2 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 3 Sourcebook Sourcebook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 5 Liutprand liutprand NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 7 Cremona Cremona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 9 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 12 Mission Mission NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1085 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1086 1 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1086 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1086 3 Sourcebooks Sourcebooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1086 4 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1086 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1087 1 Fordham Fordham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1087 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1087 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1088 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1088 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1088 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1088 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1088 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 2 Jayyusi Jayyusi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 4 Marín Marín NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 5 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 9 729 729 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1089 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 2 Perry Perry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1090 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 3 Soy Soy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 4 Sauce Sauce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 5 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 6 Was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 7 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1091 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1092 1 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1092 2 Angeles Angeles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1092 3 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1092 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1093 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1093 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1093 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1093 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1093 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1094 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 1094 2 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1094 3 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1094 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1094 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1094 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1095 1 472 472 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1095 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1095 3 999 999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1095 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1096 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1096 2 Dawkins Dawkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1096 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1096 4 R.M. R.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1097 1 1916 1916 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1097 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1098 1 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1098 2 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1098 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1098 4 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1098 5 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1098 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 2 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 4 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 6 Silly Silly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 8 Cappadocia Cappadocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 10 Pharasa Pharasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1099 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1100 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1100 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1100 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1100 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1100 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1100 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1101 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1101 2 Millar Millar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1101 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1101 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1101 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1101 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1101 7 279 279 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1101 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 2 Bryce Bryce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 3 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 7 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 9 McDonnell McDonnell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 14 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 16 Millar Millar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 17 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1102 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1103 1 97–98 97–98 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1103 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1103 3 Oikonomides oikonomide NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1103 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1103 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1103 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1103 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1104 1 12–13 12–13 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1104 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1105 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1105 2 Oikonomides Oikonomides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1105 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1105 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1105 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1105 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1106 1 12–13 12–13 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1106 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 2 Rochette Rochette NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 6 Policies Policies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 10 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 15 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 16 560 560 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1107 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1108 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1108 2 Apostolides Apostolides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1108 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1108 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1108 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1108 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 1 25–26 25–26 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 3 Wroth Wroth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 4 1908 1908 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 6 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 8 Section Section NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 11 Sedlar Sedlar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 12 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1109 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1110 1 403–40 403–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1110 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 4 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 11 Beaton Beaton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 12 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 16 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 18 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 19 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 23 991 991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 25 Versteegh Versteegh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 26 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 28 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 29 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1111 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 2 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 7 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 9 Hacikyan Hacikyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 10 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 11 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1112 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 1 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 3 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 4 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 6 Baynes Baynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 7 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 11 289 289 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 13 Gutas Gutas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 14 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 16 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 17 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 19 Section section NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 20 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 22 Comrie Comrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 23 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 25 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 27 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1113 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 3 Civilisation Civilisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 5 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 6 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 8 Hodder Hodder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 10 Stoughton Stoughton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 11 Educational Educational NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 13 1933 1933 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 15 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 17 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 19 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 21 7131 7131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 23 5316 5316 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 25 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 28 232 232 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 29 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 30 Beckwith Beckwith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 31 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 33 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 35 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 37 Halsall Halsall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 38 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 40 Oikonomides oikonomide NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 41 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 43 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 44   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 45 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1114 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 2 Kaldellis Kaldellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 5 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 8 Nicol Nicol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 9 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 11 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 12 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1115 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1116 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1116 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1116 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1116 4 Austin Austin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1116 5 1934 1934 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1116 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1116 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1116 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1117 1 202–05 202–05 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1117 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1118 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 1118 2 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1118 3 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1118 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 2 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 3 Komnene Komnene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 6 Alexiad Alexiad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 8 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 9 XIV XIV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 11 Chapter Chapter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 12 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 14 translator translator NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 15 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 16 Dawes Dawes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 17 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 18 Kazanaki Kazanaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 20 Lappa Lappa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 21 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 25 643 643 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1119 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1120 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1120 2 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1120 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1120 4 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1120 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1120 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1120 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1120 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1121 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1121 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1121 3 23–38 23–38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1121 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1122 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1122 2 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1122 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1122 4 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1122 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1122 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1122 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1122 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 3 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 5 49–50 49–50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 9 Magdalino Magdalino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 10 2002b 2002b NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 14 532 532 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1123 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 6 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1124 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 1 90–91 90–91 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 3 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 5 166–69 166–69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 7 203–04 203–04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 9 Magdalino Magdalino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 10 2002b 2002b NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 14 535 535 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1125 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1126 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1126 2 Matschke Matschke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1126 3 2002 2002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1126 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1126 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1126 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1127 1 805–06 805–06 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1127 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 2 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 3 2002b 2002b CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 7 723 723 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 9 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 10 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 11 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 12 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 16 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1128 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1129 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1129 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1129 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1129 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1129 5 2002a 2002a CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1129 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1129 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1129 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 1 3–4 3–4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 3 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 5 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 10 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1130 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1131 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1131 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1131 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1131 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1131 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1131 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1132 1 277–81 277–81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1132 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1133 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1133 2 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1133 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1133 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1133 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1133 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1134 1 186–277 186–277 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1134 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 4 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 9 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1135 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 2 Béhar Béhar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 7 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 9 Bideleux Bideleux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 10 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 11 Jeffries Jeffries NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 12 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 16 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1136 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 1 Sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 3 Primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 4 sources[edit sources[edit , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 6 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 8 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 9 Bagnеll Bagnеll NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1137 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1138 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1138 2 1920 1920 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1138 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1138 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 6 Slavonic Slavonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 7 Settlements Settlements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 9 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 11 Croatia Croatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 13 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 14 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 16 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 17 Porphyrogennetos Porphyrogennetos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 19 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 20 Administrando Administrando NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 21 Imperio Imperio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 23 Chapters Chapters NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 24 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 25 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 26 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1139 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1140 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1140 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1140 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1140 4 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1140 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 3 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 5 Choniates Choniates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 7 Nicetas Nicetas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 9 1912 1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1141 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 3 Sack Sack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 7 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1142 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 1 Translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 3 Reprints reprint NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 6 Original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 7 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 9 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 10 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 12 D.C. D.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 13 Munro Munro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 15 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 16 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 18 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 19 3:1 3:1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1143 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1144 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1144 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1144 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1144 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1144 5 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1144 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1144 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1145 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1145 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1146 1 15–16 15–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1146 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1147 1 Cinnamus Cinnamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1147 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1147 3 Ioannes Ioannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1147 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1147 5 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1147 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1147 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1148 1 Deeds deed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1148 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1148 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1148 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1148 5 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1148 6 Comnenus Comnenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1148 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 4 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 5 Sussex Sussex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 7 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 9 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1149 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 9 04080 04080 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1150 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1151 1 Eusebius eusebius NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1151 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1152 1 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1152 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1152 3 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1152 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1152 5 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1152 6 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1152 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1152 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1153 1 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1153 2 Classics Classics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1153 3 Ethereal Ethereal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1153 4 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1153 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1154 1 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1154 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1154 3 Villehardouin Villehardouin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1154 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1154 5 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1154 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1154 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1155 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1155 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1155 3 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1155 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1155 5 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1155 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1155 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 1 Chronicles chronicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 4 Crusades Crusades NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 6 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 8 Margaret Margaret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 9 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 10 Shaw Shaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1156 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1157 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1157 2 Classics Classics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1157 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 9 044124 044124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1158 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1159 1 Komnene Komnene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1159 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1159 3 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1159 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1159 5 1928 1928 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1159 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1159 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1160 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1160 2 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1160 3 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1160 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1160 5 XIII xiii NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1160 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1160 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 2 Alexiad Alexiad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 4 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 6 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 7 A.S. A.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 8 Dawes Dawes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1161 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1162 1 Internet Internet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1162 2 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1162 3 Sourcebook Sourcebook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1162 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1163 1 Seeck Seeck NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1163 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1163 3 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1163 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1163 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1163 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1164 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1164 2 1876 1876 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1164 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1164 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 1 Notitia Notitia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 2 Dignitatum Dignitatum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 3 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 4 accedunt accedunt NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 5 Notitia Notitia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 6 Urbis Urbis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 7 Constantinopolitanae Constantinopolitanae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 8 Laterculi Laterculi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 9 Prouinciarum Prouinciarum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1165 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1166 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1166 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1166 3 Weidmann Weidmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1166 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1167 1 Thurn Thurn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1167 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1167 3 Hans Hans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1167 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1167 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1167 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1168 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1168 2 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1168 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1168 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1169 1 Ioannis Ioannis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1169 2 Scylitzae Scylitzae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1169 3 Synopsis Synopsis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1169 4 historiarum historiarum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1169 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1170 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1170 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1170 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1170 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1170 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1170 6 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1170 7 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1170 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 9 002285 002285 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1171 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 1 Secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 2 sources[edit sources[edit NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 4 Alemany Alemany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 6 Agustí Agustí NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 8 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1172 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 1 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 4 Alans Alans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 7 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 8 Compilation compilation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1173 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1174 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1174 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1174 3 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1174 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1175 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1175 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1176 1 170–243 170–243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1176 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 9 11442 11442 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1177 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 1 Ahrweiler Ahrweiler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 3 Hélène Hélène NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 5 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 7 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 8 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 10 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1178 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1179 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1179 2 Preface Preface NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1179 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1179 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 4 Internal Internal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 5 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 8 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1180 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1181 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1181 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1181 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1181 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1181 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1181 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1181 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 7 88402 88402 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 9 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1182 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1183 1 Anastos Anastos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1183 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1183 3 Milton Milton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1183 4 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1183 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1183 6 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1183 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1183 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1184 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1184 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1184 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1184 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1184 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1184 6 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1184 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 1 Report report NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 4 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 5 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 6 Symposium Symposium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 8 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1185 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1186 1 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1186 2 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1186 3 Papers Papers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1186 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1187 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1187 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1187 3 409–11 409–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1187 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1188 1 doi:10.2307/1291170 doi:10.2307/1291170 UH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1188 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1189 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1189 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1189 3 0070 0070 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1189 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1189 5 7546 7546 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1189 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1190 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1190 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1190 3 1291170 1291170 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1190 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1191 1 Angold angold NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1191 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1191 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1191 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1191 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1191 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1191 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 5 1025–1204 1025–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 8 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1192 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1193 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1193 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1193 3 Longman Longman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1193 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 7 582 582 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 9 29468 29468 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1194 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1195 1 Antonucci Antonucci NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1195 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1195 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1195 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1195 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1195 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1195 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 2 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 5 Means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 8 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 10 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1196 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1197 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1197 2 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1197 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1198 1 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1198 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1198 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1198 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1198 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1198 6 11–13 11–13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1198 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1199 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1199 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1199 3 0018 0018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1199 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1199 5 2753 2753 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1199 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1200 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1200 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1200 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1200 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1200 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1201 1 Apostolides apostolide NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1201 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1201 3 Sophocles Sophocles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1201 4 Evangelinus evangelinus NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1201 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1201 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1201 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1201 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 1 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 2 Lexicon Lexicon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 7 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 8 Periods Periods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1202 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1203 1 Hildesheim Hildesheim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1203 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1203 3 Georg Georg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1203 4 Olms Olms NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1203 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 7 487 487 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 9 05765 05765 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1204 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1205 1 Ash Ash NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1205 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1205 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1205 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1205 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1205 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1205 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1206 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1206 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1206 3 Journey Journey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1206 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1207 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1207 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1207 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1207 4 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1207 5 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1207 6 Incorporated Incorporated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1207 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 7 84511 84511 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 9 307 307 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1208 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1209 1 Austin Austin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1209 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1209 3 Roland Roland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1209 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1209 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1209 6 1934 1934 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1209 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1209 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1210 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1210 2 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1210 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1210 4 Game Game NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1210 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1210 6 τάβλη τάβλη NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1210 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1210 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1211 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1211 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1211 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1211 4 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1211 5 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1211 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1212 1 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1212 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1212 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1212 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1212 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1212 6 202–05 202–05 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1212 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1213 1 doi:10.2307/626864 doi:10.2307/626864 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1213 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1214 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1214 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1214 3 626864 626864 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1214 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1215 1 Bayless Bayless NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1215 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1215 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1215 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1215 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1215 6 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1215 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1215 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 3 Treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 6 Huns Huns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 8 443 443 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1216 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1217 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1217 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1217 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1217 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1217 5 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1217 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1218 1 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1218 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1218 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1218 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1218 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1218 6 176–79 176–79 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1218 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1219 1 doi:10.2307/294410 doi:10.2307/294410 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1219 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1220 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1220 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1220 3 294410 294410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1220 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1221 1 Baynes Baynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1221 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1221 3 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1221 4 Hepburn Hepburn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1221 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1221 6 1912 1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1221 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1221 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 3 Restoration Restoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 6 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 8 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1222 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1223 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1223 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1223 3 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1223 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1223 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1224 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1224 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1224 3 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1224 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1224 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1224 6 287–99 287–99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1224 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1225 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1225 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1225 3 ehr ehr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1225 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1225 5 XXVII.CVI.287 XXVII.CVI.287 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1225 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1226 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1226 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1226 3 0013 0013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1226 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1226 5 8266 8266 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1226 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 1 Baynes Baynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 3 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 4 Hepburn Hepburn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 6 Moss Moss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 8 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 9 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 10 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 11 Beaufort Beaufort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 13 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1692 1227 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1228 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1228 2 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1228 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1228 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 1 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 4 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 6 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 8 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1229 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1230 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1230 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1230 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1230 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1230 5 Clarendon Clarendon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1230 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1230 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1231 1 Baynes Baynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1231 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1231 3 Spencer Spencer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1231 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1231 5 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1231 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1231 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1232 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1232 2 Vlachs vlachs FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 1232 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1232 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1233 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1233 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1233 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1233 4 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1233 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1233 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1233 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1233 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1234 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1234 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1234 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1235 1 Beaton Beaton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1235 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1235 3 Roderick Roderick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1235 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1235 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1235 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1235 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1236 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1236 2 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1236 3 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1236 4 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1236 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1237 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1237 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1237 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1237 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1237 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1237 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1237 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 9 12032 12032 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1238 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 1 Beckwith Beckwith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 8 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1239 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1240 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1240 2 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1240 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1240 4 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1240 5 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1240 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1241 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1241 2 Haven Haven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1241 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1241 4 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1241 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1241 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1241 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 7 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 9 05296 05296 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1242 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1243 1 Béhar béhar RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1243 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1243 3 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1243 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1243 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1243 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1243 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 1 Vestiges Vestiges NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 2 d'Empires d'empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 4 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 5 Décomposition Décomposition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 7 l'Europe l'Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 8 Centrale Centrale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 9 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 10 Balkanique Balkanique NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1244 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1245 1 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1245 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1245 3 Éditions édition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1245 4 Desjonquères desjonquère NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1245 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 5 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 7 84321 84321 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 9 015 015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1246 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1247 1 Benz Benz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1247 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1247 3 Ernst Ernst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1247 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1247 5 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1247 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1247 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 2 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 3 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 4 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 6 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 7 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 9 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1248 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1249 1 Piscataway piscataway NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1249 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1249 3 Aldine Aldine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1249 4 Transaction Transaction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1249 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 7 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 9 36298 36298 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1250 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 1 Bideleux Bideleux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 5 Jeffries Jeffries NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 7 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 9 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1251 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 4 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 5 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 7 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 9 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1252 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1253 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1253 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1253 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1253 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1253 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1253 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1253 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 9 16111 16111 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1254 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1255 1 Birkenmeier Birkenmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1255 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1255 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1255 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1255 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1255 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1255 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1255 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 2 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 5 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 6 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 8 1081–1180 1081–1180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1256 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1257 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1257 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1257 3 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1257 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 9 11710 11710 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1258 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1259 1 Blume Blume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1259 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1259 3 Fred Fred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1259 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1259 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1259 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1259 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1259 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1260 1 Kearley Kearley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1260 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1260 3 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1260 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1260 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1260 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1260 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1260 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1261 1 Annotated Annotated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1261 2 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1261 3 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1261 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1262 1 Laramie laramie NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1262 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1262 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1262 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1262 5 Wyoming Wyoming NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1262 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1263 1 Bowersock Bowersock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1263 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1263 3 G.M. G.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1264 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1264 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1264 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1264 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1265 1 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1265 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1265 3 Apostate Apostate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1265 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1266 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1266 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1266 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1266 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 7 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 9 48882 48882 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1267 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1268 1 Bray Bray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1268 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1268 3 R.S. R.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1269 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1269 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1269 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1269 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 1 Armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 3 Pestilence Pestilence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 6 Impact Impact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 8 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1270 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1271 1 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1271 2 Clarke Clarke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1271 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 7 227 227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 9 17240 17240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1272 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1273 1 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1273 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1273 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1273 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1273 5 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1273 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1273 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 3 Continuity Continuity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 5 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 8 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 11 Appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 13 Reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1274 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 2 Winnifrith Winnifrith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 4 Tom Tom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 6 Murray Murray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 8 Penelope Penelope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1275 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1276 1 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1276 2 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1276 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1276 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1276 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1277 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1277 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1277 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1277 4 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1277 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1278 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1278 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1279 1 111–28 111–28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1279 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 7 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 9 27836 27836 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1280 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1281 1 Browning Browning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1281 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1281 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1281 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1281 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1281 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1281 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1282 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1282 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1282 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1282 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 5 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 6 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 9 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1283 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 7 8132 8132 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 9 0754 0754 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1284 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1285 1 Bryce Bryce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1285 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1285 3 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1285 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1285 5 1901 1901 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1285 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1285 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1286 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1286 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1286 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1286 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1286 5 Jurisprudence Jurisprudence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1286 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1286 7 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1286 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1287 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1287 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1288 1 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1288 2 Frowde Frowde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1288 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 7 4021 4021 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 9 9046 9046 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1289 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1290 1 Brooke Brooke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1290 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1290 3 Zachary Zachary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1290 4 Nugent Nugent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1290 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1290 6 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1290 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1290 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 4 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 7 911 911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 9 1198 1198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1291 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1292 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1292 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1292 3 Methuen Methuen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1292 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1293 1 Burns Burns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1293 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1293 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1293 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1293 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1293 6 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1293 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1293 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1294 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1294 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1294 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1294 4 Ostrogoths ostrogoth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1294 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1295 1 Bloomington Bloomington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1295 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1295 3 Indianapolis Indianapolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1295 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1295 5 Indiana Indiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1295 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1295 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1295 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 7 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 9 20600 20600 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1296 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1297 1 Bury bury VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1297 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1297 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1297 4 Bagnall Bagnall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1297 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1297 6 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1297 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1297 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1298 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1298 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1298 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1298 4 Later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1298 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1298 6 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1298 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1299 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1299 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1299 3 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1299 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 1 Bury bury VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 4 Bagnall Bagnall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 6 Philotheus Philotheus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 8 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1300 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 2 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 3 Administrative Administrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 4 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 7 Ninth Ninth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 8 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 10 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 12 Revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 13 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 16 Kletorologion Kletorologion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 18 Philotheos Philotheos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1301 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1302 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1302 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1302 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1302 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1302 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1302 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1303 1 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1303 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1303 3 Averil Averil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1303 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1303 5 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1303 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1303 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 2 Images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 4 Authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 6 Elites elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 8 Icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 10 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 11 Sixth Sixth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 14 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1304 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1305 1 Past past NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1305 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1305 3 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1305 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 1 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 6 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 8 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 10 past/84.1.3 past/84.1.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1306 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1307 1 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1307 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1307 3 Averil Averil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1307 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1307 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1307 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1307 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1308 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1308 2 Byzantines Byzantines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1308 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1309 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1309 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1309 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1309 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1309 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1309 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 7 4051 4051 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 9 9833 9833 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1310 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1311 1 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1311 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1311 3 Averil Averil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1311 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1311 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1311 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1311 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1312 1 Οι Οι NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1312 2 Βυζαντινοί Βυζαντινοί NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1312 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1312 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1312 5 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1312 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1312 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1313 1 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1313 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1313 3 Psychogios psychogio NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1313 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 5 960 960 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 7 453 453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 9 529 529 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1314 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 1 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 9 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1315 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 1 Compendium compendium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 6 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 8 Abaza abaza JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 10 Kurdish Kurdish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1316 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1317 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1317 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1317 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1317 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1317 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1317 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1317 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 9 20296 20296 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1318 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1319 1 Chapman Chapman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1319 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1319 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1319 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1319 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1319 6 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1319 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1319 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1320 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1320 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1320 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1320 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1320 5 Papacy Papacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1320 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1321 1 Kennikat Kennikat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1321 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1321 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1321 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1321 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1321 6 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1321 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 7 8046 8046 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 9 1139 1139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1322 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1323 1 Chrysos Chrysos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1323 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1323 3 Evangelos Evangelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1323 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1323 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1323 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1323 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 3 Diplomacy Diplomacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 5 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 6 300–800 300–800 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 8 Means Means NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 10 End End NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1324 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 2 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 3 Shepard Shepard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 5 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 6 Franklin Franklin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1325 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 2 Diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 4 Papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 7 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 9 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 10 Spring Spring NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 11 Symposium Symposium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 14 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 16 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 18 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 19 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 21 Society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 24 Promotion Promotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 26 Byzant Byzant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1326 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1327 1 Variorum Variorum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1327 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 7 86078 86078 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 9 338 338 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1328 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1329 1 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1329 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1329 3 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1329 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1329 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1329 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1329 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 1 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 2 Angels Angels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 3 Fall fall VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 6 Journey Journey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 8 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 11 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 13 Kosovo Kosovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1330 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1331 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1331 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1331 3 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1331 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 7 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 9 23396 23396 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1332 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1333 1 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1333 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1333 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1333 4 Floris Floris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1333 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1333 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1333 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1333 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1334 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1334 2 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1334 3 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1334 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1334 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1334 6 Historiographical Historiographical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1334 7 Inquiry Inquiry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1334 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 3 IL IL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 7 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1335 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 9 11280 11280 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1336 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1337 1 Comrie Comrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1337 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1337 3 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1337 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1337 5 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1337 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1337 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1338 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1338 2 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1338 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1338 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 2 Shopen Shopen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 4 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1339 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1340 1 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1340 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1340 3 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1340 4 Status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1340 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1341 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1341 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1341 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1341 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1341 5 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1341 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1341 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1342 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1342 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1343 1 91–152 91–152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1343 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 7 8122 8122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 9 1249 1249 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1344 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 1 Dalby Dalby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 3 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 5 Bourbou Bourbou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 7 Chryssi Chryssi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 9 Koder Koder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 11 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 13 Leontsinē Leontsinē NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 15 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 17 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1345 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 1 Flavours Flavours NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 3 Delights Delights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 5 Tastes Tastes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 7 Pleasures Pleasures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 9 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 11 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 12 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1346 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1347 1 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1347 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1347 3 Thessaloniki Thessaloniki NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1347 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1347 5 Armos Armos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1347 6 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1347 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 5 960 960 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 7 527 527 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 9 747 747 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1348 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1349 1 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1349 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1349 3 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1349 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1349 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1349 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1349 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1350 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1350 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1350 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1350 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1350 5 Food Food NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1350 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1351 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1351 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1351 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1351 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1351 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1351 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1351 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1351 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 9 967733 967733 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1352 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1353 1 Davies davy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1353 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1353 3 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1353 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1353 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1353 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1353 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1354 1 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1354 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1354 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1354 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1354 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1355 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1355 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1355 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1355 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1355 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1355 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1355 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1355 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 9 820171 820171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1356 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1357 1 Day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1357 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1357 3 Gerald Gerald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1357 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1357 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1357 6 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1357 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1357 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 2 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 5 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 8 Reappraisal Reappraisal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 10 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 11 Commercial Commercial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 12 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 15 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 16 Twelfth Twelfth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 17 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1358 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1359 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1359 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1359 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1359 4 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1359 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1359 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1360 1 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1360 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1360 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1360 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1360 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1360 6 289–301 289–301 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1360 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1361 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1361 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1361 3 S0022050700096947 S0022050700096947 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1361 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1362 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1362 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1362 3 2118759 2118759 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1362 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1363 1 Dennis Dennis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1363 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1363 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1363 4 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1363 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1363 6 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1363 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1363 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1364 1 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1364 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1364 3 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1364 4 Treatises treatise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1364 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1365 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1365 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1365 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1365 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1365 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1365 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1365 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1366 1 Diehl Diehl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1366 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1366 3 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1366 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1366 5 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1366 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1366 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1367 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1367 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1367 3 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1367 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1367 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 2 Baynes Baynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 4 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 5 Hepburn Hepburn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 7 Moss Moss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 9 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 10 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 11 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 12 Beaufort Beaufort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 14 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1368 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 1 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 4 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 6 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 8 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1369 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1370 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1370 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1370 3 Clarendon Clarendon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1370 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1371 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1371 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1371 3 1058121 1058121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1371 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1372 1 Drake Drake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1372 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1372 3 HA HA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1372 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1373 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1373 2 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1373 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1373 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1374 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1374 2 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1374 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1374 4 Consensus Consensus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1374 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1374 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1375 1 Church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1375 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1375 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1376 1 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1376 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1376 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1376 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1376 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1376 6 1–15 1–15 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1376 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1377 1 doi:10.2307/3168653 doi:10.2307/3168653 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1377 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1378 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1378 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1378 3 3168653 3168653 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1378 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 1 Duiker Duiker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 6 Spielvogel Spielvogel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 8 Jackson Jackson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1379 9 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1380 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1380 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1380 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1380 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1381 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1381 2 Essential Essential NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1381 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1381 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1381 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1382 1 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1382 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1382 3 Wadsworth Wadsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1382 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 7 495 495 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 9 90227 90227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1383 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 1 El El NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 3 Cheikh Cheikh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 5 Nadia Nadia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 6 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1384 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1385 1 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1385 2 Viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1385 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1385 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1385 5 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1385 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1386 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1386 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1386 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1386 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1386 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1386 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1386 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1386 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 7 932885 932885 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 9 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1387 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1388 1 Esler Esler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1388 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1388 3 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1388 4 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1388 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1388 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1388 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1388 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1389 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1389 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1389 3 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1389 4 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1389 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1390 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1390 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1390 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1390 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1390 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1390 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1390 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 9 33312 33312 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1391 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 1 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 3 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 4 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 5 Stewart Stewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1392 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1393 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1393 2 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1393 3 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1393 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1393 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1393 6 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1393 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1393 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1394 1 Westport westport NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1394 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1394 3 Greenwood greenwood NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1394 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 9 32582 32582 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1395 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1396 1 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1396 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1396 3 Helen Helen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1396 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1396 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1396 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1396 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1396 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 1 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 3 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 5 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 7 1261–1557 1261–1557 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1397 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 4 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 6 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 7 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 9 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 10 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 11 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 12 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 13 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1398 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 7 58839 58839 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 9 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1399 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 1 Faas Faas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 3 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 8 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1400 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 1 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 4 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 6 Food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 8 Feasting Feasting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1401 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 3 IL IL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 7 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1402 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 9 23347 23347 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1403 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 1 Fine fine RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 4 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 6 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 8 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 10 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 11 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1404 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 3 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 4 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 7 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 8 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 11 Sixth Sixth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 14 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 15 Twelfth Twelfth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 16 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1405 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 1 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 2 Arbor Arbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 4 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 8 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 9 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1406 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 5 472 472 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 7 08149 08149 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1407 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1408 1 Foss Foss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1408 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1408 3 Clive Clive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1408 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1408 5 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1408 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1408 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 3 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 5 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 6 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 9 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 11 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1409 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1410 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1410 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1410 3 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1410 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1410 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1411 1 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1411 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1411 3 357 357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1411 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1411 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1411 6 721–47 721–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1411 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1412 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1412 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1412 3 ehr ehr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1412 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1412 5 XC.CCCLVII.721 XC.CCCLVII.721 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1412 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1413 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1413 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1413 3 567292 567292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1413 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 1 Fossier Fossier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 5 Sondheimer Sondheimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 7 Janet Janet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 9 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1414 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 3 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 7 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 8 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1415 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1416 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1416 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1416 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1416 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1416 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1416 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1416 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1416 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 9 26644 26644 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1417 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1418 1 Fouracre Fouracre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1418 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1418 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1418 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1418 5 Gerberding Gerberding NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1418 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1418 7 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1418 8 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1419 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1419 2 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1419 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1419 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 1 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 2 Merovingian Merovingian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 3 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 7 Hagiography Hagiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 9 640–720 640–720 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1420 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1421 1 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1421 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1421 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1421 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1421 5 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1421 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1421 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1421 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 7 7190 7190 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 9 4791 4791 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1422 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1423 1 Freeman Freeman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1423 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1423 3 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1423 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1423 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1423 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1423 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 2 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 3 Achievement Achievement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 7 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 10 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1424 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1425 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1425 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1425 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1425 4 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1425 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 7 670 670 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 9 88515 88515 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1426 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 1 Friell Friell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 3 Gerard Gerard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 5 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 7 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 9 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1427 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1428 1 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1428 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1428 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1428 4 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1428 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1428 6 Bay Bay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1428 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1429 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1429 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 7 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 9 78262 78262 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1430 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1431 1 Gabriel Gabriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1431 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1431 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1431 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1432 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1432 2 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1432 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1432 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1433 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1433 2 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1433 3 Armies Armies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1433 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1433 5 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1433 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1434 1 Westport westport NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1434 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1434 3 Greenwood greenwood NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1434 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 7 275 275 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 9 97809 97809 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1435 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1436 1 Garland Garland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1436 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1436 3 Lynda Lynda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1436 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1436 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1436 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1436 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 2 Empresses Empresses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 4 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 6 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 8 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 10 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 11 527–1204 527–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1437 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1438 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1438 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1438 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1438 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1438 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1438 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1438 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 9 14688 14688 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1439 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1440 1 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1440 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1440 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1440 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1440 5 1906 1906 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1440 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1440 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1441 1 J.B. J.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1442 1 Bury Bury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1442 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1442 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1442 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1442 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1442 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1442 7 W.E.H. W.E.H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1443 1 Lecky Lecky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1443 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1443 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1443 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1443 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1443 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1443 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 2 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 4 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 10 Volumes Volumes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 13 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 16 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1444 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 4 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 6 Fred Fred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 7 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 8 Fau Fau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1445 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1446 1 Grabar Grabar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1446 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1446 3 André André NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1446 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1446 5 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1446 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1446 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1447 1 L'iconoclasme L'iconoclasme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1447 2 Byzantin Byzantin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1447 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1447 4 le le NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1447 5 dossier dossier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1447 6 archéologique archéologique NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1447 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1448 1 Flammarion flammarion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1448 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 5 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 9 081634 081634 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1449 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1450 1 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1450 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1450 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1450 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1450 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1450 6 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1450 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1450 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 2 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 4 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 7 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 9 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1451 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1452 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1452 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1452 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1452 4 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1452 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1453 1 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1453 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1453 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1453 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1453 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1453 6 1–12 1–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1453 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1454 1 doi:10.1086/486406 doi:10.1086/486406 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1454 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1455 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1455 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1455 3 1202069 1202069 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1455 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1456 1 Greatrex Greatrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1456 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1456 3 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1456 4 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1457 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1457 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1457 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1457 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 2 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 5 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 8 Sixth Sixth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 9 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1458 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 2 Maas Maas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1459 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 6 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 8 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1460 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1461 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1461 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1461 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1461 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1461 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1461 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1461 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1461 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1462 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1462 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1463 1 477–509 477–509 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1463 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 9 81746 81746 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1464 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 1 Greatrex Greatrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 3 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 5 Lieu Lieu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 7 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 8 N.C. North Carolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 10 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1465 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 3 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 4 Frontier Frontier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 7 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 8 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 10 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 13 363–630 363–630 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 14 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1466 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1467 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1467 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1467 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1467 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1467 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1467 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1467 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 9 14687 14687 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1468 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1469 1 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1469 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1469 3 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1469 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1469 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1469 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1469 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1469 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1470 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1470 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1470 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1470 4 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1470 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1471 1 Malden malden JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1471 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1471 3 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1471 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1471 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1471 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 7 4051 4051 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 9 8471 8471 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1472 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1473 1 Grierson Grierson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1473 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1473 3 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1473 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1473 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1473 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1473 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1474 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1474 2 Coinage Coinage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1474 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1474 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1474 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1474 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1475 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1475 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1475 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1475 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1475 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1475 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1475 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 7 88402 88402 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 9 274 274 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1476 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 9 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 10 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 11 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1477 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1478 1 Gross Gross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1478 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1478 3 Feliks Feliks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1478 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1478 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1478 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1478 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 1 Citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 3 Ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 6 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 8 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 11 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 12 Multiethnic Multiethnic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 13 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1479 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1480 1 Westport westport NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1480 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1480 3 Greenwood greenwood NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1480 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 9 30932 30932 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1481 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1482 1 Gutas Gutas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1482 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1482 3 Dimitri Dimitri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1482 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1482 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1482 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1482 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 1 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 2 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 4 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 5 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 8 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 10 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 11 Translation Translation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 12 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1483 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1484 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1484 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1484 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1484 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1484 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1484 6 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1484 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 9 06132 06132 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1485 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 1 Hacikyan Hacikyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 3 Agop Agop NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 4 Jack Jack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 6 Basmajian Basmajian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 8 Gabriel Gabriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 10 Franchuk Franchuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 12 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 13 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 15 Ouzounian Ouzounian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 17 Nourhan Nourhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 19 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1486 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 2 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 4 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 5 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 9 Sixth Sixth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 12 Eighteenth Eighteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 13 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1487 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1488 1 Detroit Detroit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1488 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1488 3 Wayne Wayne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1488 4 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1488 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1488 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1488 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 7 8143 8143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 9 3023 3023 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1489 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1490 1 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1490 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1490 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1490 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1490 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1490 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1490 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 1 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 4 Seventh Seventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 5 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 8 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 11 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1491 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1492 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1492 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1492 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1492 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1492 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1492 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1492 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1492 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 9 31917 31917 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1493 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1494 1 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1494 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1494 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1494 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1494 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1494 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1494 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 3 Fate Fate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 6 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 8 Senatorial Senatorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 9 Elite Elite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 11 Extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 13 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1495 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 3 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 5 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 6 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 7 Conrad Conrad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1496 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 5 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 6 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 8 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 10 Elites Elites NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 11 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 13 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 16 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 18 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 19 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 20 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 21 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1497 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1498 1 Darwin Darwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1498 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 7 87850 87850 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 9 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1499 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1500 1 Halsall Halsall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1500 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1500 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1500 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1500 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1500 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1500 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 2 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 3 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 5 Sourcebook Sourcebook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 7 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 8 Accounts Accounts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 12 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 15 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 16 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 18 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 19 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1501 20 B.C.E. B.C.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1502 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1502 2 1643 1643 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1502 3 C.E. C.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1502 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1503 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1503 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1503 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1503 4 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1503 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1503 6 Fordham Fordham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1503 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1503 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1504 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1504 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1504 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1504 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1504 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1505 1 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1505 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1505 3 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1505 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1505 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1505 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1505 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 1 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 4 Crusades Crusades NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 6 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1506 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1507 1 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1507 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 7 78093 78093 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 9 767 767 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1508 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1509 1 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1509 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1509 3 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1509 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1509 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1509 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1509 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 1 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 2 Expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 8 900–1200 900–1200 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1510 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1511 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1511 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1511 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1511 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1511 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1511 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 9 52190 52190 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1512 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 1 Haywood Haywood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 8 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1513 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1514 1 Cassell Cassell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1514 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1514 3 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1514 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1514 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1514 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1514 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1515 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1515 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1515 3 Cassell Cassell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1515 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 7 304 304 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 9 35757 35757 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1516 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1517 1 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1517 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1517 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1517 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1517 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1517 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1517 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1518 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1518 2 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1518 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1518 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1518 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1518 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1518 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1519 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1519 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1519 3 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1519 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 7 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 9 49136 49136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1520 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1521 1 Hindley Hindley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1521 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1521 3 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1521 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1521 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1521 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1521 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1522 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1522 2 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1522 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1522 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1522 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1522 6 Crusades Crusades NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1522 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1523 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1523 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1523 3 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1523 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 7 84119 84119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 9 766 766 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1524 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 1 Hooper Hooper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 3 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 5 Bennett Bennett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 7 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1525 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 3 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 4 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 6 Warfare Warfare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 9 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 10 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1526 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1527 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1527 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1527 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1527 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1527 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1527 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1527 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1527 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 9 44049 44049 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1528 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1529 1 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1529 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1529 3 Liz Liz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1529 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1529 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1529 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1529 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1530 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1530 2 Companion companion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1530 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1530 4 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1530 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1531 1 Chichester chichester NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1531 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1531 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1531 4 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1531 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 7 4051 4051 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 9 2654 2654 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1532 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 1 Jayyusi Jayyusi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 3 Salma Salma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 4 Khadra Khadra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 6 Marín Marín NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 8 Manuela Manuela NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 10 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 13 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1533 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 2 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 4 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 5 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 7 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1534 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1535 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1535 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1535 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1535 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1535 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1535 6 Köln Köln NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1535 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1535 8 E.J. E.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1536 1 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1536 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 9 09599 09599 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1537 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 1 Jenkins Jenkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 3 Romilly Romilly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 5 Heald Heald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 7 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1538 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 1 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 4 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 5 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 7 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 8 610–1071 610–1071 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1539 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1540 1 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1540 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1540 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1540 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1540 5 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1540 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1540 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 7 8020 8020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 9 6667 6667 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1541 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 3 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 4 Hugh Hugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 5 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 7 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1542 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 2 Later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 4 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 6 284–602 284–602 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 9 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 10 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 12 Administrative Administrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 13 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1543 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1544 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1544 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1544 3 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1544 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1544 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1544 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1544 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 7 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 9 3353 3353 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1545 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1546 1 Kaegi Kaegi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1546 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1546 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1546 4 Emil Emil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1546 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1546 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1546 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1546 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1547 1 Heraclius Heraclius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1547 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1547 3 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1547 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1547 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1547 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1548 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1548 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1548 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1548 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1548 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1548 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1548 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1548 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 9 81459 81459 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1549 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1550 1 Kaldellis Kaldellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1550 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1550 3 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1550 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1550 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1550 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1550 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 1 Hellenism hellenism NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 3 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 6 Transformations Transformations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 8 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 9 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 12 Reception reception NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 15 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 16 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1551 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1552 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1552 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1552 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1552 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1552 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1552 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1552 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1552 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 9 87688 87688 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1553 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1554 1 Kaldellis Kaldellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1554 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1554 3 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1554 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1554 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1554 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1554 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 3 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 5 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 7 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 9 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1555 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1556 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1556 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1556 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1556 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 7 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 9 36540 36540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1557 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 1 Karlin Karlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 3 Heyer Heyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 5 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 7 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1558 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 2 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 3 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 4 Affairs Affairs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 5 Were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 7 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 9 Hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 12 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 14 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 15 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 16 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 18 886–912 886–912 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1559 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1560 1 Tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1560 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1561 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1561 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1561 3 15–40 15–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1561 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1562 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1562 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1562 3 S0362152900008722 S0362152900008722 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1562 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1563 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1563 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1563 3 27830825 27830825 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1563 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1564 1 Kartomi Kartomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1564 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1564 3 Margaret Margaret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1564 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1565 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1565 2 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1565 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1565 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1566 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1566 2 Concepts Concepts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1566 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1566 4 Classifications Classifications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1566 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1566 6 Musical Musical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1566 7 Instruments Instruments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1566 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 3 IL IL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 7 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1567 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 9 42548 42548 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1568 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 1 Kazanaki Kazanaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 3 Lappa Lappa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 5 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1569 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1570 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1570 2 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1570 3 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1570 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1570 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1570 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1570 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1570 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 2 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1571 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 2 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1572 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1573 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1573 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1573 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1573 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1573 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1573 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1573 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1574 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1574 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1575 1 639–646 639–646 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1575 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 9 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 10 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 11 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1576 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1577 1 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1577 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1577 3 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1577 4 Petrovich Petrovich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1577 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1577 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1577 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1578 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1578 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1578 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1578 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1579 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1579 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1579 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1579 4 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1579 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 6 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1580 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 9 504652 504652 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1581 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 1 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 3 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 4 Petrovich Petrovich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 6 Constable constable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 8 Giles Giles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 10 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1582 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 1 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 3 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 8 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 10 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 11 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 12 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1583 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1584 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1584 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1584 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1584 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1584 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1584 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1584 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 7 88402 88402 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 9 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1585 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 1 Kazhdan Kazhdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 3 Aleksandr Aleksandr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 4 Petrovich Petrovich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 6 Epstein Epstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 8 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 9 Wharton Wharton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 11 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1586 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 1 Change change VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 3 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 4 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 7 Eleventh Eleventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 9 Twelfth Twelfth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 10 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1587 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 3 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 4 Angeles Angeles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 6 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 10 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 11 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1588 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 9 05129 05129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1589 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1590 1 Kean Kean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1590 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1590 3 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1590 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1590 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1590 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1590 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1590 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 1 Forgotten Forgotten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 2 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 4 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 6 Bulwark Bulwark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 8 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1591 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1592 1 Shropshire shropshire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1592 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1592 3 Thalamus Thalamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1592 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 7 902886 902886 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 9 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1593 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1594 1 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1594 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1594 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1594 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1595 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1595 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1595 3 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1595 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1595 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 2 Reviews review NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 5 Astronomical astronomical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 6 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 8 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 9 Chioniades Chioniades NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 11 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 12 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 15 Zij Zij NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 16 al- al- NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 17 Ala'i Ala'i NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 19 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 20 Chioniades Chioniades NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 22 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 23 Pingree Pingree NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 25 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 26 Eleventh Eleventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 28 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 29 Manual Manual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 31 Arabo Arabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 33 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 34 Astronomy Astronomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 36 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 37 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1596 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1597 1 Isis isis VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1597 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1598 1 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1598 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1598 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1598 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1598 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1598 6 116–18 116–18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1598 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1599 1 doi:10.1086/355661 doi:10.1086/355661 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1599 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1600 1 Klein Klein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1600 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1600 3 Holgen Holgen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1600 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1601 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1601 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1601 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1601 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 2 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 3 Objects Objects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 5 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 6 Desires desire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 8 Relics Relics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 10 Reliquaries Reliquaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 12 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 15 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1602 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1603 1 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1603 2 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1603 3 Papers Papers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1603 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1604 1 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1604 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1604 3 283–314 283–314 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1604 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1605 1 doi:10.2307/3591389 doi:10.2307/3591389 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1605 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1606 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1606 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1606 3 3591389 3591389 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1606 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1607 1 Köprülü Köprülü NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1607 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1607 3 Mehmet Mehmet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1607 4 Fuad Fuad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1607 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1607 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1607 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1607 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1608 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1608 2 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1608 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1608 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1608 5 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1608 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1608 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1609 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1609 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1609 3 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1609 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1609 5 Gary Gary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1609 6 Leiser Leiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1609 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 1 Albany Albany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1610 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 7 7914 7914 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 9 0819 0819 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1611 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 1 Kountoura Kountoura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 3 Galake Galake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 5 Eleonora Eleonora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 7 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1612 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 1 Ο ο PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 2 βυζαντινός βυζαντινός NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 3 κλήρος κλήρος NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 4 και και NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 5 η η NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 6 κοινωνία κοινωνία NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 7 των των IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 9 Σκοτεινών Σκοτεινών NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 10 Αἰώνων Αἰώνων NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 11 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 13 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 14 Clergy Clergy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 17 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 20 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 21 Dark Dark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 22 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 23 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 27 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1613 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1614 1 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1614 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1614 3 Ethniko Ethniko NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1614 4 Idryma Idryma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1614 5 Erevnon Erevnon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1614 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 5 960 960 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 7 7094 7094 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 9 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1615 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1616 1 Kuhoff Kuhoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1616 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1616 3 Wolfgang Wolfgang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1616 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1616 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1616 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1616 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 4 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 5 diokletianische diokletianische NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 6 Tetrarchie Tetrarchie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 7 als als NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 8 Epoche Epoche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 9 einer einer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 10 historischen historischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 11 Wende Wende NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 13 antiker antiker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 14 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 15 moderner moderner NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 16 Sicht Sicht NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1617 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 5 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 6 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 9 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1618 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1619 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1619 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1619 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1619 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1619 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1619 6 177–94 177–94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1619 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1620 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1620 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1620 3 BF02898434 BF02898434 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1620 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1621 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1621 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1621 3 30224306 30224306 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1621 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1622 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1622 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1622 3 162343296 162343296 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1622 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1623 1 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1623 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1623 3 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1623 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1623 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1623 6 2002a 2002a CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1623 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1623 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 2 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 4 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 7 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1624 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 2 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1625 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 2 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1626 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1627 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1627 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1627 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1627 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1627 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1627 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1627 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1628 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1628 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1629 1 3–8 3–8 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1629 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 9 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 10 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1630 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1631 1 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1631 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1631 3 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1631 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1631 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1631 6 2002b 2002b CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1631 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1631 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 2 Exchange Exchange NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 4 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 6 Seventh Seventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 8 Twelfth Twelfth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 9 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1632 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 2 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1633 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 2 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1634 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1635 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1635 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1635 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1635 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1635 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1635 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1635 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1636 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1636 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1637 1 697–770 697–770 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1637 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1638 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 1 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 3 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 6 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 8 Cécile Cécile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 10 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1639 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1640 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1640 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1640 3 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1640 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1641 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1641 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1641 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1641 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1641 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1641 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1641 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1641 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 9 84978 84978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1642 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 1 Lapidge Lapidge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 5 Blair Blair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 7 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 9 Keynes Keynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 11 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 13 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1643 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 2 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 3 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 5 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 7 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 8 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1644 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1645 1 Malden malden JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1645 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1645 3 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1645 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 7 631 631 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 9 22492 22492 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1646 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1647 1 Lenski Lenski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1647 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1647 3 Noel Noel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1647 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1647 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1647 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1647 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 2 Assimilation Assimilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 4 Revolt Revolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 7 Territory Territory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 9 Isauria Isauria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 11 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 13 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 14 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 18 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 19 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 20 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1648 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 4 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 6 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 10 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1649 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1650 1 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1650 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1650 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1650 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1650 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1650 6 413–65 413–65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1650 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1651 1 doi:10.1163/1568520991201687 doi:10.1163/1568520991201687 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1651 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1652 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1652 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1652 3 0022 0022 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1652 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1652 5 4995 4995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1652 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1653 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1653 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1653 3 3632602 3632602 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1653 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1654 1 Louth Louth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1654 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1654 3 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1654 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1654 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1654 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1654 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 3 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 4 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 7 Seventh Seventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 8 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1655 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 2 Fouracre Fouracre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1656 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 4 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 10 c.500–c.700 c.500–c.700 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1657 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1658 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1658 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1658 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1658 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1658 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1658 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1659 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1659 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1660 1 289–316 289–316 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1660 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1661 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1661 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1661 3 9781139053938 9781139053938 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1661 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1662 1 Lowry Lowry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1662 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1662 3 Heath Heath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1662 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1662 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1662 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1662 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1662 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1663 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1663 2 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1663 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1663 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1663 5 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1663 6 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1663 7 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1663 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 1 Albany Albany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1664 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 7 7914 7914 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 9 8726 8726 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1665 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1666 1 Madden Madden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1666 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1666 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1666 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1666 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1666 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1666 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1666 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1667 1 Crusades crusade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1667 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1667 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1667 4 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1667 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1667 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1668 1 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1668 2 Arbor Arbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1668 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1668 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1668 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1668 6 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1668 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1668 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 7 472 472 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 9 03127 03127 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1669 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1670 1 Magdalino Magdalino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1670 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1670 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1670 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1670 5 2002a 2002a CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1670 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1670 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 2 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 4 Manuel Manuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 5 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 6 Komnenos Komnenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 8 1143–1180 1143–1180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1671 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1672 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1672 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1672 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1672 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1672 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1672 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1672 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1672 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 9 52653 52653 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1673 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1674 1 Magdalino Magdalino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1674 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1674 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1674 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1674 5 2002b 2002b CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1674 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1674 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 2 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 3 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 5 Built Built NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 6 Environment Environment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 8 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 9 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1675 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 2 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1676 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 2 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1677 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1678 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1678 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1678 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1678 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1678 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1678 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1678 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1679 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1679 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1680 1 529–37 529–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1680 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1681 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1682 1 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1682 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1682 3 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1682 4 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1683 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1683 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1683 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1683 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 1 Η Η NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 2 Αυτοκρατορία Αυτοκρατορία NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 3 της της CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 4 Νέας Νέας NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 5 Ρώμης Ρώμης NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 7 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 13 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 14 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 18 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1684 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1685 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1685 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1685 3 Dimitris Dimitris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1685 4 Tsoungarakis Tsoungarakis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1685 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 1 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 3 Educational Educational NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 4 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 7 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 8 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 10 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1686 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1687 1 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1687 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1687 3 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1687 4 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1688 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1688 2 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1688 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1688 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1689 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1689 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1689 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1689 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1689 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1689 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1690 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1690 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1690 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1690 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1690 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1690 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 9 814098 814098 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1691 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 1 Matschke Matschke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 3 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 5 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1692 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 2 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 4 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 6 Markets Markets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 9 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 11 Thirteenth thirteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 13 Fifteenth Fifteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 14 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1693 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 2 Angeliki Angeliki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 4 Laiou Laiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1694 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 2 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1695 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1696 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1696 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1696 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1696 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1696 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1696 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1696 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1697 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1697 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1698 1 771–806 771–806 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1698 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1699 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1700 1 McDonnell McDonnell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1700 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1700 3 Myles Myles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1700 4 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1700 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1700 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1700 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1700 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 2 Manliness Manliness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 4 Virtus Virtus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 8 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1701 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1702 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1702 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1702 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1702 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1702 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1702 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1702 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1702 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 9 82788 82788 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1703 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1704 1 Meier Meier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1704 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1704 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1704 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1704 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1704 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1704 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1704 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 2 Die Die NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 3 Inszenierung Inszenierung NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 4 einer einer NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 5 Katastrophe Katastrophe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 7 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 8 und und NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 9 der der IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 10 Nika Nika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 12 Aufstand Aufstand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1705 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1706 1 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1706 2 für für NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1706 3 Papyrologie Papyrologie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1706 4 und und VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1706 5 Epigraphik Epigraphik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1706 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1707 1 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1707 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1707 3 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1707 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1707 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1707 6 273–300 273–300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1707 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1708 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1708 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1708 3 20191600 20191600 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1708 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 1 Merryman Merryman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 4 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 6 Perez Perez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 8 Perdomo Perdomo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 10 Rogelio Rogelio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 12 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1709 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 2 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 3 Law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 4 Tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 7 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 10 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 11 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 15 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 16 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1710 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1711 1 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1711 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1711 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1711 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 7 8047 8047 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 9 5569 5569 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1712 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1713 1 Meyendorff Meyendorff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1713 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1713 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1713 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1713 5 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1713 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1713 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1714 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1714 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1714 3 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1714 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1714 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1714 6 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1714 7 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1714 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1715 1 Yonkers yonker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1715 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1715 3 St St NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1715 4 Vladimir Vladimir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1715 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1715 6 Seminary Seminary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1715 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1715 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 7 913836 913836 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 9 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1716 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1717 1 Millar Millar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1717 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1717 3 Fergus Fergus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1717 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1717 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1717 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1717 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 2 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 4 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 6 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 8 Belief Belief NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 10 Theodosius Theodosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 13 408–450 408–450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1718 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 3 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 4 Angeles Angeles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 6 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 10 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 11 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1719 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 9 24703 24703 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1720 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1721 1 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1721 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1721 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1721 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1721 5 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1721 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1721 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1722 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1722 2 Monemvasia Monemvasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1722 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1722 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1723 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1723 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1723 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1723 4 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1723 5 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1723 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1724 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1724 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1724 3 229–301 229–301 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1724 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1725 1 doi:10.2307/624442 doi:10.2307/624442 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1725 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1726 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1726 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1726 3 624442 624442 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1726 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1727 1 Moravcsik Moravcsik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1727 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1727 3 Gyula Gyula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1727 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1727 5 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1727 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1727 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1728 1 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1728 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1728 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1728 4 Magyars Magyars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1728 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1729 1 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1729 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1729 3 Hakkert Hakkert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1729 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1730 1 Neumann Neumann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1730 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1730 3 Iver Iver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1730 4 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1731 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1731 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1731 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1731 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 2 Sublime Sublime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 3 Diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 7 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 8 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 10 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1732 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1733 1 Millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1733 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1733 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1733 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1733 5 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1733 6 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1733 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1734 1 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1734 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1734 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1734 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1734 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1734 6 865–88 865–88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1734 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1735 1 doi:10.1177/03058298060340030201 doi:10.1177/03058298060340030201 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1735 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1736 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1736 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1736 3 1569 1569 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1736 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1736 5 2981 2981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1736 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1737 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1737 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1737 3 144773343 144773343 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1737 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1738 1 Neville Neville NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1738 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1738 3 Leonora Leonora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1738 4 Alice Alice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1738 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1738 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1738 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1738 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1739 1 Authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1739 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1739 3 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1739 4 Provincial Provincial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1739 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1739 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1739 7 950–1100 950–1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1739 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1740 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1740 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1740 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1740 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1740 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1740 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1740 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1740 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 9 83865 83865 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1741 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1742 1 Nicol Nicol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1742 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1742 3 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1742 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1742 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1742 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1742 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1742 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 2 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 3 Centuries Centuries NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 7 1261–1453 1261–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 9 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1743 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 3 Rupert Rupert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 4 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 6 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 7 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 8 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 10 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 12 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 14 10559 10559 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 15 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 16 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1744 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1745 1 Nicol Nicol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1745 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1745 3 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1745 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1745 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1745 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1745 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1745 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 2 Reluctant Reluctant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 3 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 6 Biography Biography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 8 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 9 Cantacuzene Cantacuzene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 11 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 12 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 14 Monk Monk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 16 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 17 1295–1383 1295–1383 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1746 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1747 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1747 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1747 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1747 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1747 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1747 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1747 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1747 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 9 52201 52201 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1748 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1749 1 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1749 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1749 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1749 4 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1749 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1749 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1749 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1749 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1750 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1750 2 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1750 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1750 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1750 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1750 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1751 1 Ringwood Ringwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1751 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1751 3 Vic Vic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1751 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1752 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1752 2 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1752 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 9 025960 025960 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1753 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1754 1 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1754 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1754 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1754 4 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1754 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1754 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1754 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1754 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1755 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1755 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1755 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1755 4 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1755 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 4 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 6 Knopf Knopf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 7 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 8 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 10 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 12 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 14 394 394 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 16 52410 52410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 18 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1756 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 1 Nystazopoulou Nystazopoulou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 3 Pelekidou Pelekidou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 5 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 7 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1757 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 1 Συμβολή Συμβολή NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 2 εις εις NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 3 την την NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 4 χρονολόγησιν χρονολόγησιν NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 5 των των NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 6 Αβαρικών Αβαρικών NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 7 και και VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 8 Σλαβικών Σλαβικών NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 9 επιδρομών επιδρομών NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 10 επί επί NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 11 Μαυρικίου Μαυρικίου NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 13 582–602 582–602 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 16 μετ μετ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 17 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 18 επιμέτρου επιμέτρου NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 19 περί περί NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 20 των των NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 21 Περσικών Περσικών NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 22 πολέμων πολέμων NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 24 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 25 Contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 28 chronology chronology NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 30 Avar Avar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 32 Slav Slav NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 33 raids raid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 34 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 36 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 38 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 40 582–602 582–602 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 44 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 45 excursus excursus NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 46 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 48 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 49 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 50 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1758 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1759 1 Byzantina Byzantina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1759 2 Symmeikta Symmeikta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1759 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1759 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1759 5 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1759 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1759 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1760 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1760 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1760 3 145–206 145–206 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1760 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1761 1 doi:10.12681 doi:10.12681 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1761 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1761 3 byzsym.649 byzsym.649 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1761 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1762 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1762 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1762 3 1105 1105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1762 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1762 5 1639 1639 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1762 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1763 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1764 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1764 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1764 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1764 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1764 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 1 Obolensky obolensky JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 3 Dimitri Dimitri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 8 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1765 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 3 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 5 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 6 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 8 500–1453 500–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1766 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1767 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1767 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1767 3 Cardinal Cardinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1767 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 7 351 351 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 9 17644 17644 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1768 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1769 1 Obolensky obolensky JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1769 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1769 3 Dimitri Dimitri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1769 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1769 5 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1769 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1769 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1770 1 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1770 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1770 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1770 4 Slavs Slavs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1770 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1771 1 Yonkers yonker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1771 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1771 3 St St NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1771 4 Vladimir Vladimir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1771 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1771 6 Seminary Seminary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1771 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1771 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 7 88141 88141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 9 008 008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1772 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1773 1 Oikonomides Oikonomides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1773 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1773 3 Nikos Nikos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1773 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1773 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1773 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1773 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 2 L᾽"Unilinguisme L᾽"Unilinguisme JJS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 4 Officiel Officiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 5 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 7 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1774 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1775 1 Byzantina Byzantina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1775 2 Symmeikta Symmeikta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1775 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1776 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1776 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1776 3 9–22 9–22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1776 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1777 1 doi:10.12681 doi:10.12681 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1777 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1777 3 byzsym.857 byzsym.857 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1777 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1778 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1778 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1778 3 1105 1105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1778 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1778 5 1639 1639 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1778 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1779 1 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1779 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1779 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1779 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1779 5 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1779 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1779 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1780 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1780 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1780 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1780 4 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1780 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1780 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1781 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1781 2 Brunswick Brunswick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1781 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1781 4 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1781 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1781 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1781 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 7 8135 8135 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 9 1198 1198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1782 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1783 1 Ostrogorsky Ostrogorsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1783 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1783 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1783 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1783 5 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1783 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1783 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 3 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 4 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 10 Seventh Seventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 11 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 14 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1784 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1785 1 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1785 2 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1785 3 Papers Papers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1785 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1786 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1786 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1786 3 1–21 1–21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1786 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1787 1 doi:10.2307/1291127 doi:10.2307/1291127 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1787 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1788 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1788 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1788 3 1291126 1291126 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1788 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1789 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1789 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1789 3 165376375 165376375 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1789 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 1 Paparrigopoulos Paparrigopoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 3 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 5 Karolidis Karolidis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 7 Pavlos Pavlos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 9 1925 1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1790 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 1 Ιστορία Ιστορία NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 2 του του NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 3 Ελληνικού Ελληνικού NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 4 Έθνους Έθνους NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 9 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 10 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 14 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1791 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1792 1 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1792 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1793 1 Eleftheroudakis Eleftheroudakis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1793 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1794 1 Parry Parry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1794 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1794 3 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1794 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1794 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1794 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1794 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 1 Depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 3 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 6 Iconophile Iconophile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 7 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 10 Eighth Eighth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 12 Ninth Ninth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 13 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1795 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1796 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1796 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1796 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1796 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1796 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1796 6 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1796 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 9 10502 10502 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1797 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 1 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 3 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 6 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 9 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1798 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 2 Essentials Essentials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 4 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 7 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 9 1450 1450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 10 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 13 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 14 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1799 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1800 1 Piscataway piscataway NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1800 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1800 3 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1800 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1800 5 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1800 6 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1800 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 7 87891 87891 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 9 705 705 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1801 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1802 1 Perrottet Perrottet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1802 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1802 3 Tony Tony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1802 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1802 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1802 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1802 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 2 Naked Naked NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 3 Olympics Olympics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 5 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 6 True True NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 7 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 10 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 11 Games Games NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1803 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1804 1 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1804 2 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1804 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 7 58836 58836 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 9 382 382 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1805 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 1 Postan Postan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 4 Moïssey Moïssey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 6 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 8 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 10 Postan Postan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 12 Cynthia Cynthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 14 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1806 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 6 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 8 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1807 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1808 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1808 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1808 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1808 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1808 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1808 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1808 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1808 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 9 08709 08709 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1809 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 1 Pounds Pounds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 3 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 5 Greville Greville NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 7 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1810 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1811 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1811 2 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1811 3 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1811 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1811 5 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1811 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1811 7 1500–1840 1500–1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1811 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1812 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1812 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1812 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1812 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1812 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1812 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1812 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1812 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 9 22379 22379 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1813 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 1 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 3 Piers Piers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 9 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1814 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 2 Templars templar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 5 Dramatic dramatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 9 Knights Knights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 10 Templar Templar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 13 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 14 Powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 15 Military military NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 16 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 19 Crusades Crusades NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1815 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1816 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1816 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1816 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1816 4 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1816 5 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1816 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1816 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1816 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 7 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 9 26658 26658 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1817 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1818 1 Reinert Reinert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1818 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1818 3 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1818 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1818 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1818 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1818 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1818 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1819 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1819 2 Fragmentation fragmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1819 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1819 4 1204–1453 1204–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1819 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1819 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1819 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1820 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1820 2 Cyril Cyril NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1820 3 Mango Mango NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1820 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1820 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1820 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1820 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1820 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1821 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1821 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1821 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1821 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1821 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1821 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1822 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1822 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1822 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1822 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1822 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1822 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1822 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1822 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1823 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1823 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1824 1 248–83 248–83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1824 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 9 814098 814098 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1825 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1826 1 Rice Rice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1826 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1826 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1826 4 Talbot Talbot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1826 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1826 6 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1826 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1826 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1827 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1827 2 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1827 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1827 4 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1827 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1827 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1827 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1827 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1828 1 Harmondsworth harmondsworth NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1828 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1828 3 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1828 4 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1828 5 Limited Limited NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1828 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1829 1 Robins Robins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1829 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1829 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1829 4 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1829 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1829 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1829 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1829 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 3 Grammarians Grammarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 5 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 6 Place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1830 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 6 Mouton Mouton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 7 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 8 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1831 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 9 013574 013574 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1832 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1833 1 Rosser rosser NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1833 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1833 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1833 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1833 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1833 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1833 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1833 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1834 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1834 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1834 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1834 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1835 1 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1835 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1835 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1835 4 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1835 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1836 1 Lanham Lanham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1836 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1836 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1836 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1836 5 Scarecrow Scarecrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1836 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 7 8108 8108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 9 7567 7567 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1837 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1838 1 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1838 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1838 3 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1838 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1838 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1838 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1838 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1839 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1839 2 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1839 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1839 4 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1839 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1839 6 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1839 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1840 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1840 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1840 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1840 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1840 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1840 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1840 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1840 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 9 39832 39832 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1841 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1842 1 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1842 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1842 3 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1842 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1842 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1842 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1842 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1843 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1843 2 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1843 3 Theocracy Theocracy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1843 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1844 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1844 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1844 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1844 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1844 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1844 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1844 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1844 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 9 54591 54591 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1845 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1846 1 Salaman Salaman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1846 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1846 3 Rena Rena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1846 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1846 5 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1846 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1846 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 3 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 6 Missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 7 Fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 10 Dolmathon Dolmathon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 11 Prolegomena Prolegomena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1847 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 2 Jaine Jaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 4 Tom Tom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1848 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 2 Symposium Symposium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 4 Food Food NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 6 Cookery Cookery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 7 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 8 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 9 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 11 Cookery cookery NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 13 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 15 Lore Lore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 16 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 17 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 19 Proceedings Proceedings NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 21 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 23 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 24 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1849 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1850 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1850 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1850 3 Prospect Prospect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1850 4 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1850 5 Limited Limited NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1850 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1851 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1851 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1852 1 184–87 184–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1852 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 7 907325 907325 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 9 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1853 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1854 1 Sarantis sarantis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1854 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1854 3 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1854 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1854 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1854 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1854 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 2 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 4 Diplomacy Diplomacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 6 Pannonia Pannonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 9 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 10 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 11 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 13 Reign Reign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 15 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 18 Gepid Gepid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 19 Threat Threat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 21 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 22 Responses Responses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1855 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1856 1 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1856 2 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1856 3 Papers Papers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1856 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1857 1 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1857 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1857 3 15–40 15–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1857 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1858 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1858 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1858 3 41219761 41219761 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1858 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1859 1 Sedlar Sedlar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1859 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1859 3 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1859 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1859 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1859 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1859 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1859 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 1 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 2 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 3 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 6 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 7 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 9 1000–1500 1000–1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1860 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1861 1 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1861 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1862 1 Seattle Seattle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1862 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1862 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1862 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1862 5 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1862 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1862 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 7 295 295 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 9 97290 97290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1863 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 1 Seton Seton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 3 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 5 Hugh Hugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 7 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1864 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1865 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1865 2 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1865 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1865 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1865 5 1801–1917 1801–1917 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1865 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1866 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1866 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1866 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1866 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1866 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1866 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1866 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1866 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 9 822152 822152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1867 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1868 1 Sotinel Sotinel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1868 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1868 3 Claire Claire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1868 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1868 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1868 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1868 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 2 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 4 Popes Popes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 7 Sixth Sixth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 8 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 12 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1869 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 2 Maas Maas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1870 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 6 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 8 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1871 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1872 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1872 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1872 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1872 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1872 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1872 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1872 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1872 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1873 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1873 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1874 1 267–90 267–90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1874 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 9 81746 81746 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1875 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1876 1 Speck speck NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1876 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1876 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1876 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1876 5 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1876 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1876 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 2 Ikonoklasmus Ikonoklasmus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 3 und und RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 4 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 5 Anfänge anfänge NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 6 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 7 Makedonischen Makedonischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 8 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1877 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1878 1 Poikila Poikila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1878 2 Byzantina Byzantina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1878 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1879 1 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1879 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1879 3 175–210 175–210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1879 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1880 1 Stephenson Stephenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1880 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1880 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1880 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1880 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1880 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1880 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 1 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 3 Balkan Balkan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 4 Frontier Frontier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 7 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 8 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 11 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 12 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 14 900–1204 900–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1881 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1882 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1882 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1882 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1882 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1882 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1882 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1882 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1882 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 9 77017 77017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1883 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 1 Tarasov Tarasov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 3 Oleg Oleg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 5 Milner Milner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 7 Gulland Gulland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1884 9 R.R. R.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1885 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1885 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1885 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1885 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 1 Icon Icon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 3 Devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 5 Sacred Sacred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 6 Spaces Spaces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 8 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 9 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1886 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1887 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1887 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1887 3 Reaktion reaktion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1887 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 7 86189 86189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 9 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1888 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 1 Tatakes Tatakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 3 Vasileios Vasileios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 6 Moutafakis Moutafakis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 8 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1889 9 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1890 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1890 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1890 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1890 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1891 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1891 2 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1891 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1892 1 Indianapolis Indianapolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1892 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1892 3 Hackett Hackett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1892 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 7 87220 87220 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 9 563 563 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1893 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1894 1 Teall Teall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1894 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1894 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1894 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1894 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1894 6 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1894 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1894 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 3 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 5 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 6 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 8 Continuity Continuity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 10 Administration Administration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 12 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1895 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1896 1 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1896 2 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1896 3 Papers Papers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1896 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1897 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1897 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1897 3 11–36 11–36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1897 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1898 1 doi:10.2307/1291256 doi:10.2307/1291256 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1898 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1899 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1899 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1899 3 1291256 1291256 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1899 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1900 1 Timberlake timberlake NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1900 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1900 3 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1900 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1900 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1900 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1900 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1901 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1901 2 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1901 3 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1901 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1901 5 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1901 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1902 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1902 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1902 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1902 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1902 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1902 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1902 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1902 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 9 77292 77292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1903 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1904 1 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1904 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1904 3 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1904 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1904 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1904 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1904 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1905 1 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1905 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1905 3 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1905 4 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1905 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1905 6 284–1081 284–1081 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1905 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1906 1 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1906 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1906 3 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1906 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1906 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1906 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 7 8047 8047 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 9 2420 2420 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1907 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1908 1 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1908 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1908 3 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1908 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1908 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1908 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1908 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 6 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 8 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1909 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1910 1 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1910 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1910 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1910 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1910 5 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1910 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1910 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1910 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 5 8047 8047 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 7 2630 2630 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1911 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 1 Troianos Troianos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 3 Spyros Spyros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 5 Velissaropoulou Velissaropoulou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 7 Karakosta Karakosta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 9 Julia Julia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 11 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1912 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 1 Ιστορία Ιστορία NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 2 δικαίου δικαίου NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 3 από από NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 4 την την NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 5 αρχαία αρχαία NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 6 στην στην NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 7 νεώτερη νεώτερη NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 8 Ελλάδα Ελλάδα NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 14 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 16 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 17 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 21 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1913 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1914 1 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1914 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1914 3 Sakkoulas sakkoula NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1914 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1915 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1915 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1915 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1915 4 - 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H.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1920 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1920 6 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1920 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1920 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1921 1 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1921 2 Elements Elements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1921 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1921 4 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1921 5 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1921 6 Thinking Thinking NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1921 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1922 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1922 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1922 3 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1922 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 9 04855 04855 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1923 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1924 1 Vryonis Vryonis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1924 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1924 3 Speros Speros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1924 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1924 5 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1924 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1924 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 2 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 4 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 5 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 7 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 8 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 11 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 13 Islamization islamization NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 16 Eleventh Eleventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 19 Fifteenth Fifteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 20 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1925 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 3 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 7 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1926 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1927 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1927 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1927 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1927 4 - 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- HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1943 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1943 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1943 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1943 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1943 9 20496 20496 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1943 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1943 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1943 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1944 1 Wickham Wickham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1944 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1944 3 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1944 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1944 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1944 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1944 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 2 Inheritance Inheritance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 11 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 13 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1945 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1946 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1946 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1946 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1946 4 Viking Viking NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1946 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 7 670 670 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 9 02098 02098 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1947 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1948 1 Wolff Wolff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1948 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1948 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1948 4 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1948 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1948 6 1948 1948 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1948 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1948 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 2 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 5 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 8 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 1949 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1950 1 Speculum speculum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1950 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1951 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1951 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1951 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1951 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1951 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1951 6 1–34 1–34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1951 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1952 1 doi:10.2307/2853672 doi:10.2307/2853672 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1952 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1953 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1953 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1953 3 2853672 2853672 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1953 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1954 1 Wroth Wroth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1954 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1954 3 Warwick Warwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1954 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1954 5 1908 1908 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1954 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1954 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 1 Catalogue Catalogue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 4 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 6 Coins Coins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 9 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 10 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1955 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1956 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1956 2 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1956 3 Dept Dept NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1956 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1957 1 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1957 2 Coins Coins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1957 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1957 4 Medals Medals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1957 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 7 4021 4021 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 9 8954 8954 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1958 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 4 Ahrweiler Ahrweiler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 6 Hélène Hélène NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 8 Aymard Aymard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 10 Maurice Maurice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 12 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1959 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1960 1 Les Les NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1960 2 Européens Européens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1960 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1961 1 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1961 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1961 3 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1961 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 5 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 7 7056 7056 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 9 6409 6409 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1962 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1963 1 Angelov Angelov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1963 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1963 3 Dimiter Dimiter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1963 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1963 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1963 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1963 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 1 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 2 Ideology Ideology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 4 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 5 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 7 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 9 1204–1330 1204–1330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1964 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 3 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 4 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 6 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1965 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 9 85703 85703 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1966 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 1 Baboula Baboula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 3 Evanthia Evanthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 8 Muhammad Muhammad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 12 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 15 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 17 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 18 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 21 Prophet Prophet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 23 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 25 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 26 vols vol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1967 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 3 Edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 6 Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 8 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 9 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 11 Santa Santa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 12 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 14 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 16 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 18 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1968 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 5 61069 61069 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 7 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1969 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 1 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 3 Helen Helen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 6 Wixom Wixom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 8 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 9 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 11 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1970 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 2 glory glory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 4 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 6 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 8 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 11 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 12 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 13 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 15 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 16 843–1261 843–1261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1971 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 5 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 6 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 8 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1972 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 7 8109 8109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 9 6507 6507 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1973 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1974 1 Cameron Cameron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1974 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1974 3 Averil Averil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1974 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1974 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1974 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1974 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1975 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1975 2 Matters Matters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1975 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1976 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1976 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1976 3 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1976 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1976 5 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1976 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1976 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1976 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 7 4008 4008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 9 5009 5009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1977 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 1 Duval duval NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 3 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 8 Midway Midway NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 9 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 11 Plunge Plunge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 13 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 14 Cantacuzenus Cantacuzenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 17 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 19 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 21 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 22 Emporia Emporia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 24 LLC LLC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 25 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 27 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 29 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1978 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 2 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 3 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 5 Battles Battles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 7 Campaigns Campaigns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 10 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 11 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1979 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1980 1 Stroud stroud JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1980 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1980 3 Gloucestershire Gloucestershire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1980 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1980 5 Tempus Tempus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1980 6 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1980 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 7 7524 7524 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 9 1795 1795 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1981 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1982 1 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1982 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1982 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1982 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1982 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1982 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1982 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1983 1 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1983 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1983 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1983 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1983 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1984 1 Stroud stroud JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1984 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1984 3 Gloucestershire Gloucestershire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1984 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1984 5 Tempus Tempus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1984 6 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1984 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 7 4051 4051 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 9 3240 3240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1985 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1986 1 Haldon Haldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1986 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1986 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1986 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1986 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1986 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1986 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 2 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 3 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 4 Would Would MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 5 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 6 Die die VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 9 Paradox Paradox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 11 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 13 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 15 640–740 640–740 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1987 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1988 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1988 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1988 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 7 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 9 08877 08877 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1989 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1990 1 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1990 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1990 3 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1990 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1991 1 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1991 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1991 3 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1991 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1991 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1991 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1992 1 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1992 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1992 3 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1992 4 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1992 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1992 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1992 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 7 4742 4742 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 9 5465 5465 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 13 online online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 14 review review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 15 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 17 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 19 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1993 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1994 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 1994 2 Lost lost JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 1994 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1994 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1994 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1994 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 2 Haven Haven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 3 CT CT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 5 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 7 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 9 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1995 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 7 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 9 17857 17857 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1996 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1997 1 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1997 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1997 3 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1997 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1997 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 1997 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1997 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 3 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 5 602–1453 602–1453 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 7 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 1998 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 1999 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 1999 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 7 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 9 55643 55643 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2000 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2001 1 Hussey Hussey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2001 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2001 3 J.M. J.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2002 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2002 2 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2002 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2002 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2003 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2003 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2003 3 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2003 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2003 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2004 1 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2004 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2005 1 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2005 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2005 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2005 4 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2005 5 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2005 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2006 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2006 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2006 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2006 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2006 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2006 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2006 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2006 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 1 Moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 2 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 3 N. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 6 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 8 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 9 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 12 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 15 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 16 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 18 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 19 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 21 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2007 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 1 95–107 95–107 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 3 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 4 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 6 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 8 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2008 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2009 1 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2009 2 Civilisation Civilisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2009 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2010 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2010 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2010 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2010 4 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2010 5 Limited Limited NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2010 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2011 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2011 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2011 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2011 4 - 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- HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2015 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2015 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2015 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2015 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2015 9 06164 06164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2015 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2015 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2015 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2016 1 Stanković Stanković NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2016 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2016 3 Vlada Vlada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2016 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2016 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2016 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2017 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2017 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2017 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2017 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 2 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 5 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 7 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 11 Captures Captures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 13 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 15 1204 1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 17 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2018 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2019 1 Lanham Lanham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2019 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2019 3 Maryland Maryland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2019 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2019 5 Lexington Lexington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2019 6 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2019 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 7 4985 4985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 9 1326 1326 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2020 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2021 1 Stathakopoulos Stathakopoulos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2021 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2021 3 Dionysios Dionysios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2021 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2021 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2021 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2021 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2022 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2022 2 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2022 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2022 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2022 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2022 6 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2022 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2022 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2023 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2023 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2023 3 I.B.Tauris I.B.Tauris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2023 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 7 78076 78076 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 9 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2024 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2025 1 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2025 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2025 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2025 4 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2025 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2025 6 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2025 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2025 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2026 1 Private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2026 2 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2026 3 Foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2026 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2026 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2026 6 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2026 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2026 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2027 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2027 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2027 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2027 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2027 5 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2027 6 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2027 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 7 88402 88402 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 9 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2028 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2029 1 Toynbee Toynbee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2029 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2029 3 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2029 4 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2029 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2029 6 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2029 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2029 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2030 1 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2030 2 Porphyrogenitus Porphyrogenitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2030 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2030 4 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2030 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2030 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2031 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2031 2 , , , 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bibliography[edit bibliography[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 12 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 14 Clinton Clinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 15 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 17 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 19 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 20 Anything Anything NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 22 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 24 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 25 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2040 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 2 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 6 Emperors Emperors NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 8 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 9 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 10 homepage homepage VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 12 Dumbarton Dumbarton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 13 Oaks Oaks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2041 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2042 1 Includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2042 2 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2042 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2042 4 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2042 5 electronic electronic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2042 6 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2042 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2043 1 Byzantium byzantium NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2043 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2043 3 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2043 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2043 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2043 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2043 7 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2043 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2044 1 Links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2044 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2044 3 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2044 4 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2044 5 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2044 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 1 Translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 3 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 4 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 7 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 8 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2045 10 c. c. 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topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 34 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 35 Preceding precede VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 36 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 37 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 38 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 39 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 41 330–717 330–717 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 43 Constantinian constantinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 44 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 45 Valentinianic valentinianic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 46 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 47 Constantinian constantinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 48 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 49 Valentinianic valentinianic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 50 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 51 Theodosian theodosian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 52 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 53 Leonid Leonid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 54 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 55 Justinian justinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 56 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 57 Heraclian heraclian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 58 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 59 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 60 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 61 Dark Dark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 62 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 64 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 65 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 66 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 67 Anarchy anarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 68 Middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 70 717–1204 717–1204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 72 Isaurian isaurian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 73 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 74 Nikephorian nikephorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 75 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 76 Amorian amorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 77 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 78 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 79 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 80 Doukid Doukid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 81 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 82 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 83 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 84 Angelid Angelid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 85 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 86 Late late RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 88 1204–1453 1204–1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 89 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 90 Sack Sack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 91 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 92 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 93 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 94 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 95 Frankokratia Frankokratia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 96 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 97 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 98 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 99 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 100 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 101 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 102 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 103   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 104 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 105 Epirus Epirus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 106 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 107 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 108   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 109 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 110 Morea Morea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 111   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 112 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 113 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 114 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 115 Palaiologan palaiologan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 116 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 117 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 118 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 119 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 120 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 121 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 122 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 123 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 124 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 125 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 126 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 127 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 128 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 129 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 130 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 131 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 132 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 133 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 134 Corsica Corsica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 135 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 136 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 137 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 138 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 139 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 140 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 141 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 142 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 143 Maghreb Maghreb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 144 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 145 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 146 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 147 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 148 Iberian Iberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 149 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 150 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 151 Balearic Balearic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 152 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 153 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 154 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 155 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 156 Governance Governance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 157 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 158 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 159 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 160 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 161 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 162 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 163 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 164 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 165 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 166 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 167 Praetorian praetorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 168 prefects prefect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 169 Magister magister NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 170 officiorum officiorum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 171 Comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 172 sacrarum sacrarum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 173 largitionum largitionum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 174 Comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 175 rerum rerum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 176 privatarum privatarum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 177 Quaestor quaestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 178 sacri sacri NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 179 palatii palatii VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 180 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 181 Logothetes Logothetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 182 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 183 dromou dromou NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 184 Sakellarios Sakellarios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 185 Logothetes Logothetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 186 tou tou NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 187 genikou genikou NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 188 Logothetes Logothetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 189 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 190 stratiotikou stratiotikou NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 191 Chartoularios Chartoularios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 192 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 193 sakelliou sakelliou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 194 Chartoularios Chartoularios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 195 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 196 vestiariou vestiariou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 197 Epi Epi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 198 tou tou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 199 eidikou eidikou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 200 Protasekretis Protasekretis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 201 Epi Epi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 202 ton ton NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 203 deeseon deeseon NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 204 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 205 Megas Megas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 206 logothetes logothete VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 207 Mesazon Mesazon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 208 Provincial Provincial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 209 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 210 Praetorian praetorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 211 prefectures prefecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 212 Dioceses Dioceses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 213 Provinces Provinces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 214 Quaestura Quaestura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 215 exercitus exercitus NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 216 Exarchate Exarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 217 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 218 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 219 Exarchate Exarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 220 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 221 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 222 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 223 Themata Themata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 224 Kleisourai Kleisourai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 225 Bandon Bandon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 226 Catepanates Catepanates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 227 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 228 Kephale Kephale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 229 Despotates Despotates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 230 Diplomacy Diplomacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 231 Treaties Treaties NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 232 Diplomats Diplomats NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 233 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 234 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 235 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 236 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 237 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 238 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 239 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 240 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 241 Battles Battles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 242 Generals Generals NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 243 Mercenaries Mercenaries NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 244 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 245 manuals manual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 246 Military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 247 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 248 Revolts Revolts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 249 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 250 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 251 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 252 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 253 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 254 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 255 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 256 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 257 Foederati Foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 258 Bucellarii Bucellarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 259 Scholae Scholae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 260 Palatinae Palatinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 261 Excubitors Excubitors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 262 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 263 Themata Themata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 264 Kleisourai Kleisourai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 265 Tourma Tourma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 266 Droungos droungo VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 267 Bandon Bandon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 268 Tagmata Tagmata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 269 Domestic Domestic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 270 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 271 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 272 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 273 Hetaireia Hetaireia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 274 Akritai Akritai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 275 Varangian Varangian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 276 Guard Guard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 277 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 278 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 279 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 280 Pronoia Pronoia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 281 Vestiaritai Vestiaritai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 282 Palaiologan Palaiologan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 283 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 284 Allagion Allagion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 285 Paramonai Paramonai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 286 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 287 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 288 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 289 Karabisianoi Karabisianoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 290 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 291 themata themata VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 292 Cibyrrhaeot Cibyrrhaeot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 293 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 294 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 295 Samos Samos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 296 Dromon Dromon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 297 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 298 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 299 Droungarios Droungarios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 300 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 301 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 302 Fleet Fleet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 303 Megas Megas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 304 doux doux NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 305 Admirals Admirals NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 306 Naval Naval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 307 battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 308 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 309 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 310 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 311 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 312 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 313 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 314 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 315 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 316 Hesychasm Hesychasm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 317 Patriarchate Patriarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 318 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 319 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 320 Saints Saints NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 321 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 322 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 323 Alexandrian Alexandrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 324 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 325 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 326 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 327 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 328 Syriac Syriac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 329 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 330 Miaphysitism Miaphysitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 331 Ecumenical Ecumenical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 332 councils council VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 333 Arianism Arianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 334 Monophysitism Monophysitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 335 Paulicianism Paulicianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 336 Iconoclasm Iconoclasm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 337 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 338 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 339 Bogomilism Bogomilism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 340 Mount Mount NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 341 Athos Athos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 342 Missionary Missionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 343 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 344 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 345 Moravia Moravia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 346 Serbs Serbs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 347 Kievan Kievan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 348 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 349 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 350 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 351 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 352 Codex Codex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 353 Theodosianus Theodosianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 354 Corpus Corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 355 Juris Juris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 356 Civilis Civilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 357 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 358 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 359 Justinian Justinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 360 Ecloga Ecloga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 361 Basilika Basilika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 362 Hexabiblos Hexabiblos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 363 Mutilation Mutilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 364 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 365 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 366 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 367 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 368 Secular Secular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 369 Sacred Sacred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 370 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 371 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 372 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 373 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 374 square square NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 375 Domes Domes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 376 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 377 Basilica Basilica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 378 Cistern Cistern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 379 Baths Baths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 380 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 381 Zeuxippus Zeuxippus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 382 Blachernae Blachernae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 383 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 384 Chora Chora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 385 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 386 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 387 Walls wall VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 388 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 389 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 390 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 391 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 392 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 393 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 394 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 395 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 396 Hippodrome Hippodrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 397 Pammakaristos Pammakaristos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 398 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 399 Prison Prison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 400 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 401 Anemas Anemas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 402 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 403 Arch Arch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 404 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 405 Galerius Galerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 406 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 407 Rotunda Rotunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 408 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 409 Bath Bath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 410 Hagia Hagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 411 Sophia Sophia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 412 Hagios Hagios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 413 Demetrios demetrio VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 414 Panagia Panagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 415 Chalkeon Chalkeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 416 Walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 417 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 418 Thessaloniki Thessaloniki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 419 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 420 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 421 Vitale Vitale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 422 Sant'Apollinare Sant'Apollinare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 423 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 424 Classe Classe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 425 Sant'Apollinare Sant'Apollinare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 426 Nuovo Nuovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 427 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 428 locations location NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 429 Daphni daphni VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 430 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 431 Hosios Hosios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 432 Loukas Loukas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 433 Nea Nea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 434 Moni Moni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 435 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 436 Chios Chios NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 437 Panagia Panagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 438 Gorgoepikoos Gorgoepikoos NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 439 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 440 Catherine Catherine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 441 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 442 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 443 Mystras Mystras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 444 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 445 Icons icon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 446 Enamel Enamel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 447 Glass Glass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 448 Mosaics Mosaics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 449 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 450 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 451 mosaics mosaic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 452 Painters painter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 453 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 454 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 455 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 456 Komnenian komnenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 457 renaissance renaissance NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 458 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 459 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 460 Coinage Coinage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 461 Mints Mints NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 462 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 463 silk silk NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 464 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 465 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 466 Varangians Varangians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 467 Dynatoi Dynatoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 468 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 469 Novel Novel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 470 Acritic acritic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 471 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 472 Digenes Digenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 473 Akritas Akritas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 474 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 475 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 476 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 477 Everyday Everyday NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 478 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 479 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 480 Cities Cities NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 481 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 482 Dance Dance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 483 Dress Dress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 484 Flags Flags NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 485 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 486 insignia insignia NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 487 Gardens Gardens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 488 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 489 Lyra Lyra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 490 Octoechos Octoechos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 491 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 492 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 493 Greeks greeks JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 494 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 495 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 496 Units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 497 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 498 measurement measurement NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 499 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 500 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 501 Encyclopedias Encyclopedias NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 502 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 503 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 504 Inventions Inventions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 505 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 506 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 507 Rhetoric Rhetoric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 508 Scholars Scholars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 509 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 510 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 511 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 512 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 513 Impact Impact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 514 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 515 commonwealth commonwealth NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 516 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 517 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 518 Museums Museums NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 519 Byzantinism Byzantinism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 520 Cyrillic Cyrillic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 521 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 522 Neo neo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 523 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 524 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 525 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 526 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 527 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 528 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 529 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 530 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 531 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 532 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 533 Megali Megali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 534 Idea Idea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 535 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 536 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 537 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 538 Links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 539 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 540 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 541 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 542 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 543 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 544 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 545 Empires Empires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 546 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 547 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 548 Colonies Colonies NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 549 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 550 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 551 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 552 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 553 Sumerian Sumerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 554 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 555 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 556 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 557 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 558 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 559 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 560 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 561 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 562 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 563 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 564 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 565 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 566 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 567 Phoenician phoenician JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 568 Carthaginian carthaginian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 569 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 570 Shang Shang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 571 Qin Qin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 572 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 573 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 574 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 575 Jin Jin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 576 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 577 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 578 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 579 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 580 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 581 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 582 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 583 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 584 Nanda Nanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 585 Maurya Maurya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 586 Satavahana Satavahana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 587 Shunga Shunga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 588 Gupta Gupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 589 Harsha Harsha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 590 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 591 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 592 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 593 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 594 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 595 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 596 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 597 Xianbei Xianbei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 598 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 599 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 600 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 601 Teotihuacan Teotihuacan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 602 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 603 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 604 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 605 Aksum Aksum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 606 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 607 Rashidun Rashidun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 608 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 609 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 610 Fatimid Fatimid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 611 Córdoba Córdoba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 612 Aragonese Aragonese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 613 Angevin Angevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 614 Aztec Aztec NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 615 Benin Benin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 616 Bornu Bornu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 617 Bruneian Bruneian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 618 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 619 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 620 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 621 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 622 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 623 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 624 Trebizond Trebizond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 625 Calakmul Calakmul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 626 Castilian castilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 627 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 628 Sui Sui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 629 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 630 Liao Liao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 631 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 632 Jīn Jīn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 633 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 634 Uyghur Uyghur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 635 Khaganate Khaganate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 636 Ethiopian Ethiopian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 637 Zagwe Zagwe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 638 Solomonic Solomonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 639 Genoese Genoese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 640 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 641 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 642 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 643 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 644 Carolingian carolingian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 645 Huetar Huetar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 646 Hunnic Hunnic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 647 Hephthalite Hephthalite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 648 Inca Inca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 649 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 650 Chola Chola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 651 Gurjara Gurjara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 652 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 653 Pratihara Pratihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 654 Pala Pala NNP 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Tikal Tikal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 695 Timurid Timurid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 696 Tiwanku Tiwanku NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 697 Toltec Toltec NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 698 Turko Turko NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 699 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 700 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 701 Ghaznavid Ghaznavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 702 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 703 Seljuk Seljuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 704 Khwarezmian Khwarezmian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 705 Venetian venetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 706 Vietnamese Vietnamese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 707 Dai Dai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 708 Viet Viet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 709 Wagadou Wagadou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 710 Wari Wari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 711 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 712 Afghan Afghan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 713 Ashanti Ashanti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 714 Austrian 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Johor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 756 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 757 Mexican Mexican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 758 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 759 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 760 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 761 Saadi Saadi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 762 Alaouite alaouite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 763 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 764 Somali somali NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 765 Gobroon Gobroon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 766 Majeerteen Majeerteen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 767 Hobyo Hobyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 768 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 769 Tongan Tongan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 770 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 771 Vietnamese Vietnamese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 772 Dainam Dainam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 773 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 774 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 775 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 776 Belgian belgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 777 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 778 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 779 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 780 Danish danish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 781 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 782 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 783 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 784 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 785 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 786 Omani omani JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 787 Polish Polish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 788 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 789 Lithuanian lithuanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 790 Couronian couronian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 791 Portuguese portuguese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 792 Sovereign Sovereign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 793 Military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 794 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 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Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 838 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 839 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 840 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 841 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 842 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 843 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 844 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 845 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 846 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 847 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 848 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 849 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 850 historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 851 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 852 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 853 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 854 Etruscan etruscan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 855 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 856 Lega Lega NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 857 dei dei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 858 popoli popoli NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 859 Etruscan 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2056 881 BC–476 BC–476 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 882 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 883 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 884 Sicilia Sicilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 885 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 886 241 241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 887 BC–476 BC–476 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 888 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 889 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 890 Corsica Corsica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 891 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 892 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 893 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 894 238 238 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 895 BC–455 BC–455 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 896 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 897 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 898 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 899 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 900 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 901 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 902 BC–395 BC–395 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 903 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 904 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 905 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 906 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 907 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 908 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 909 285 285 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 910 AD–476 AD–476 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 911 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 912 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 913 Praetorian praetorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 914 prefecture prefecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 915 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 916 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 917 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 918 337 337 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 919 AD–584 AD–584 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 920 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 921 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 922 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 923 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 924 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 925 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 926 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 927 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 928 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 929 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 930 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 931 476–774 476–774 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 932 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 933 Odoacer Odoacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 934 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 935 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 936 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 937 476–493 476–493 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 938 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 939 Ostrogothic ostrogothic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 940 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 941 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 942 493–553 493–553 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 943 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 944 Vandal Vandal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 945 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 946 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 947 435–534 435–534 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 948 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 949 Lombard Lombard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 950 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 951 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 952 568–774 568–774 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 953 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 954 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 955 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 956 Benevento Benevento NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 957 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 958 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 959 Friuli Friuli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 960 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 961 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 962 Ivrea Ivrea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 963 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 964 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 965 Spoleto Spoleto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 966 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 967 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 968 Tridentum Tridentum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 969 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 970 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 971 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 972 584–751 584–751 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 973 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 974 Exarchate Exarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 975 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 976 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 977 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 978 584–751 584–751 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 979 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 980 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 981 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 982 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 983 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 984 533–751 533–751 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 985 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 986 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 987 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 988 Perugia Perugia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 989 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 990 554–752 554–752 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 991 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 992 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 993 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 994 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 995 Pentapolis Pentapolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 996 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 997 554–752 554–752 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 998 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 999 Exarchate Exarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1000 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1001 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1002 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1003 585–698 585–698 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1004 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1005 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1006 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1007 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1008 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1009 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1010 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1011 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1012 Bishopric bishopric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1013 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1014 Bressanone Bressanone NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1015 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1016 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1017 Fiume Fiume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1018 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1019 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1020 District District NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1021 Commune Commune NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1022 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1023 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1024 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1025 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1026 Gorizia Gorizia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1027 Princely Princely NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1028 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1029 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1030 Gorizia Gorizia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1031 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1032 Gradisca Gradisca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1033 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1034 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1035 Guastalla Guastalla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1036 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1037 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1038 Guastalla Guastalla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1039 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1040 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1041 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1042 Ancona Ancona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1043 Ceva Ceva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1044 Finale Finale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1045 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1046 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1047 Friuli Friuli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1048 Patria Patria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1049 del del NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1050 Friuli Friuli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1051 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1052 Patriarchate Patriarchate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1053 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1054 Aquileia Aquileia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1055 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1056 Ivrea Ivrea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1057 Istria Istria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1058 Mantua Mantua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1059 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1060 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1061 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1062 Montferrat Montferrat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1063 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1064 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1065 Montferrat Montferrat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1066 Tyrol Tyrol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1067 Trieste Trieste NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1068 Turin Turin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1069 Tuscany Tuscany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1070 Verona Verona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1071 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1072 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1073 Ivrea Ivrea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1074 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1075 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1076 Mantua Mantua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1077 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1078 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1079 Massa Massa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1080 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1081 Carrara Carrara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1082 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1083 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1084 Merania Merania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1085 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1086 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1087 Mirandola Mirandola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1088 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1089 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1090 Modena Modena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1091 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1092 Reggio Reggio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1093 Principality Principality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1094 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1095 Piombino Piombino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1096 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1097 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1098 Reggio Reggio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1099 Marquisate Marquisate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1100 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1101 Saluzzo Saluzzo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1102 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1103 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1104 Spoleto Spoleto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1105 Bishopric Bishopric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1106 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1107 Tarantasia Tarantasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1108 Bishopric Bishopric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1109 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1110 Trento Trento NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1111 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1112 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1113 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1114 Tuscany Tuscany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1115 Papal Papal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1116 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1117 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1118 754–1870 754–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1119 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1120 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1121 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1122 Castro Castro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1123 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1124 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1125 Ferrara Ferrara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1126 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1127 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1128 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1129 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1130 Parma Parma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1131 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1132 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1133 Urbino Urbino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1134 Republics Republics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1135 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1136 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1137 Cospaia Cospaia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1138 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1139 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1140 Ancona Ancona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1141 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1142 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1143 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1144 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1145 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1146 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1147 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1148 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1149 Noli Noli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1150 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1151 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1152 Lucca Lucca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1153 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1154 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1155 Massa Massa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1156 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1157 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1158 Pisa Pisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1159 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1160 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1161 Siena Siena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1162 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1163 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1164 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1165 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1166 697–1797 697–1797 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1167 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1168 Dogado Dogado NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1169 Domini Domini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1170 di di VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1171 Terraferma Terraferma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1172 Stato Stato NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1173 da da NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1174 Màr Màr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1175 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1176 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1177 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1178 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1199 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1200 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1201 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1202 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1203 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1204 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1205 Sorrento Sorrento NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1206 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1207 Emirate Emirate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1208 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1209 Bari Bari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1210 Emirate Emirate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1211 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1212 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1213 Lombard Lombard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1214 Principality Principality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1215 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1216 Benevento Benevento NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1217 Principality Principality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1218 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1219 Salerno Salerno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1220 Principality Principality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1221 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1222 Capua Capua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1223 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1224 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1225 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1226 Apulia Apulia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1227 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1228 Calabria Calabria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1229 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1230 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1231 Aversa Aversa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1232 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1233 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1234 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1235 Principality Principality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1236 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1237 Taranto Taranto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1238 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1239 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1240 Corsica Corsica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1241 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1242 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1243 century–1420 century–1420 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1244 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1245 Judicates judicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1246 Agugliastra Agugliastra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1247 Arborea Arborea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1248 Cagliari Cagliari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1249 Gallura Gallura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1250 Logudoro Logudoro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1251 Oristano Oristano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1252 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1253 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1254 Sassari Sassari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1255 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1256 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1257 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1258 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1259 Corsica Corsica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1260 Corsican Corsican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1261 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1262 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1263 1755–1769 1755–1769 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1264 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1265 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1266 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1267 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1268 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1269 1130–1816 1130–1816 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1270 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1271 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1272 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1273 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1274 Naples Naples NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1275 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1276 1282–1816 1282–1816 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1277 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1278 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1279 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1280 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1281 Presidi Presidi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1282 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1283 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1284 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1285 Donato Donato NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1286 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1287 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1288 Sora Sora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1289 Principality Principality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1290 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1291 Taranto Taranto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1292 Terra Terra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1293 Sancti Sancti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1294 Benedicti Benedicti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1295 Neapolitan Neapolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1296 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1297 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1298 1647–1648 1647–1648 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1299 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1300 Hospitaller Hospitaller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1301 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1302 Gozo Gozo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1303 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1304 Protectorate Protectorate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1305 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1306 Colony Colony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1307 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1308 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1309 Savoy Savoy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1310 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1311 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1312 Savoyard Savoyard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1313 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1314 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1315 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1316 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1317 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1318 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1319 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1320 Savoy Savoy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1321 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1322 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1323 Savoy Savoy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1324 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1325 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1326 Maurienne Maurienne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1327 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1328 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1329 Geneva Geneva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1330 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1331 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1332 Chablais Chablais NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1333 Barony Barony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1334 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1335 Faucigny Faucigny NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1336 Piedmont Piedmont NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1337 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1338 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1339 Aosta Aosta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1340 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1341 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1342 Nice Nice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1343 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1344 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1345 Tenda Tenda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1346 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1347 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1348 1713–1720 1713–1720 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1349 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1350 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1351 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1352 1720–1861 1720–1861 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1353 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1354 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1355 Revolutionary Revolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1356 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1357 Napoleonic Napoleonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1358 eras era NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1359 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1360 1792–1815 1792–1815 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1361 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1362 Republics Republics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1363 Cisalpinia Cisalpinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1364 Cispadania Cispadania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1365 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1366 Liguria Liguria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1367 Lucca Lucca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1368 Parthenopea Parthenopea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1369 Piedmont Piedmont NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1370 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1371 Subalpinia Subalpinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1372 Transpadania Transpadania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1373 Monarchies Monarchies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1374 Benevento Benevento NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1375 Etruria Etruria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1376 Guastalla Guastalla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1377 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1378 Lucca Lucca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1379 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1380 Piombino Piombino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1381 Massa Massa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1382 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1383 Carrara Carrara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1384 Naples Naples NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1385 Pontecorvo Pontecorvo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1386 Tuscany Tuscany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1387 Elba Elba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1388 Corsica Corsica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1389 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1390 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1391 Napoleonic napoleonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1392 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1393 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1394 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1395 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1396 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1397 1815–1848 1815–1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1398 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1399 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1400 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1401 Lucca Lucca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1402 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1403 1815–1847 1815–1847 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1404 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1405 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1406 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1407 Massa Massa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1408 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1409 Carrara Carrara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1410 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1411 1814–1829 1814–1829 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1412 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1413 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1414 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1415 Modena Modena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1416 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1417 Reggio Reggio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1418 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1419 1814–1859 1814–1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1420 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1421 Duchy duchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1422 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1423 Parma Parma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1424 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1425 1814–1859 1814–1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1426 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1427 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1428 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1429 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1430 Tuscany Tuscany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1431 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1432 1815–1859 1815–1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1433 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1434 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1435 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1436 Provinces Provinces NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1437 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1438 1831 1831 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1439 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1440 Provisional Provisional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1441 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1442 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1443 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1444 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1445 1848 1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1446 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1447 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1448 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1449 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1450 Marco Marco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1451 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1452 1848–1849 1848–1849 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1453 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1454 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1455 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1456 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1457 1849 1849 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1458 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1459 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1460 Provinces Provinces NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1461 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1462 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1463 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1464 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1465 1859–1860 1859–1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1466 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1467 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1468 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1469 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1470 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1471 1814–1860 1814–1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1472 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1473 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1474 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1475 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1476 Two Two NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1477 Sicilies Sicilies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1478 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1479 1816–1861 1816–1861 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1480 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1481 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1482 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1483 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1484 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1485 Venetia Venetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1486 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1487 1815–1866 1815–1866 LS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1488 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1489 Papal Papal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1490 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1491 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1492 1814–1870 1814–1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1493 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1494 Post post NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1495 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1496 unification unification NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1497 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1498 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1499 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1500 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1501 1861–1946 1861–1946 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1502 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1503 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1504 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1505 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1506 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1507 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1508 1882–1960 1882–1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1509 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1510 Free Free NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1511 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1512 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1513 Fiume Fiume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1514 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1515 1920–1924 1920–1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1516 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1517 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1518 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1519 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1520 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1521 1943–1945 1943–1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1522 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1523 Free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1524 Territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1525 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1526 Trieste Trieste NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1527 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1528 1947–1954 1947–1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1529 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1530 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1531 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1532 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1533 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1534 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1535 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1536 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1537 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1538 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1539 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1540 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1541 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1542 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1543 3500–2350 3500–2350 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1544 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1545 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1546 nomads nomad NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1547 Sumerian sumerian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1548 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1549 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1550 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1551 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1552 2350–2200 2350–2200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1553 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1554 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1555 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1556 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1557 2200–2100 2200–2100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1558 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1559 Gutians Gutians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1560 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1561 2100–2000 2100–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1562 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1563 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1564 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1565 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1566 Ur Ur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1567 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1568 Sumerian Sumerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1569 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1570 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1571 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1572 2000–1800 2000–1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1573 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1574 Mari Mari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1575 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1576 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1577 Amorite amorite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1578 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1579 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1580 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1581 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1582 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1583 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1584 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1585 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1586 Akkadians Akkadians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1587 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1588 Isin Isin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1589 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1590 Larsa Larsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1591 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1592 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1593 Amorite amorite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1594 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1595 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1596 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1597 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1598 1800–1600 1800–1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1599 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1600 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1601 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1602 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1603 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1604 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1605 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1606 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1607 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1608 Akkadians Akkadians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1609 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1610 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1611 1600–1400 1600–1400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1612 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1613 Mitanni Mitanni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1614 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1615 Hurrians Hurrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1616 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1617 Karduniaš Karduniaš NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1618 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1619 Kassites Kassites NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1620 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1621 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1622 1400–1200 1400–1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1623 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1624 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1625 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1626 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1627 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1628 Assyria Assyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1629 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1630 1200–1150 1200–1150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1631 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1632 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1633 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1634 Collapse Collapse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1635 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1636 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1637 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1638 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1639 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1640 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1641 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1642 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1643 1150–911 1150–911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1644 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1645 Phoenicia Phoenicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1646 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1647 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1648 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1649 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1650 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1651 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1652 Aram- Aram- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1653 Damascus Damascus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1654 Arameans Arameans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1655 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1656 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1657 Chal- Chal- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1658 de- de- RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1659 ans ans VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1660 911–729 911–729 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1661 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1662 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1663 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1664 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1665 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1666 729–609 729–609 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1667 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1668 626–539 626–539 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1669 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1670 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1671 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1672 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1673 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1674 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1675 Chaldeans Chaldeans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1676 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1677 539–331 539–331 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1678 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1679 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1680 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1681 336–301 336–301 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1682 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1683 Macedonian Macedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1684 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1685 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1686 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1687 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1688 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1689 Macedonians Macedonians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1690 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1691 311–129 311–129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1692 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1693 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1694 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1695 129–63 129–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1696 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1697 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1698 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1699 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1700 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1701 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1702 BCE–243 BCE–243 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1703 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1704 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1705 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1706 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1707 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1708 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1709 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1710 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1711 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1712 243–636 243–636 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1713 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1714 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1715 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1716 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1717 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1718 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1719 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1720 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1721 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1722 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1723 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1724 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1725 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1726 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1727 overthrow overthrow VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1728 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1729 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1730 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1731 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1732 Romana Romana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1733 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1734 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1735 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1736 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1737 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1738 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1739 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1740 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1741 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1742 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1743 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1744 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1745 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1746 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1747 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1748 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1749 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1750 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1751 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1752 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1753 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1754 Legislative legislative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1755 assemblies assembly NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1756 Curiate curiate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1757 Centuriate Centuriate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1758 Tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1759 Plebeian plebeian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1760 Executive executive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1761 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1762 SPQR SPQR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1763 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1764 Twelve Twelve NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1765 Tables Tables NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1766 Mos Mos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1767 maiorum maiorum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1768 Citizenship Citizenship NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1769 Auctoritas Auctoritas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1770 Imperium Imperium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1771 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1772 Litigation Litigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1773 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1774 Curia Curia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1775 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1776 Cursus Cursus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1777 honorum honorum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1778 Collegiality Collegiality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1779 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1780 Legatus Legatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1781 Dux Dux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1782 Officium Officium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1783 Prefect Prefect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1784 Vicarius Vicarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1785 Vigintisexviri Vigintisexviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1786 Lictor Lictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1787 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1788 militum militum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1789 Imperator Imperator NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1790 Princeps Princeps NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1791 senatus senatus NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1792 Pontifex Pontifex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1793 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1794 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1795 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1796 Tetrarch Tetrarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1797 Optimates Optimates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1798 Populares Populares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1799 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1800 Magistrates magistrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1801 Ordinary Ordinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1802 Consul Consul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1803 Censor Censor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1804 Praetor Praetor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1805 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1806 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1807 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1808 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1809 Plebs Plebs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1810 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1811 tribune tribune NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1812 Quaestor Quaestor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1813 Aedile Aedile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1814 Promagistrate Promagistrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1815 Governor Governor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1816 Extraordinary Extraordinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1817 Rex Rex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1818 Interrex Interrex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1819 Dictator Dictator NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1820 Magister Magister NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1821 Equitum Equitum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1822 Decemviri Decemviri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1823 Consular Consular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1824 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1825 Triumvir Triumvir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1826 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1827 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1828 Borders Borders NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1829 Establishment Establishment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1830 Structure Structure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1831 Campaigns campaign VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1832 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1833 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1834 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1835 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1836 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1837 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1838 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1839 castra castra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1840 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1841 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1842 Legion Legion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1843 Infantry Infantry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1844 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1845 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1846 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1847 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1848 engines engine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1849 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1850 Auxiliaries Auxiliaries NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1851 Decorations Decorations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1852 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1853 punishments punishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1854 Hippika Hippika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1855 gymnasia gymnasia NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1856 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1857 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1858 Deforestation Deforestation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1859 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1860 Finance Finance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1861 Currency Currency NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1862 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1863 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1864 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1865 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1866 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1867 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1868 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1869 Bathing bathe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1870 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1871 Clothing Clothing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1872 Cosmetics Cosmetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1873 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1874 Hairstyles Hairstyles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1875 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1876 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1877 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1878 Mythology Mythology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1879 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1880 Deities Deities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1881 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1882 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1883 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1884 Sexuality Sexuality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1885 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1886 Wine Wine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1887 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1888 Patricians Patricians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1889 Plebs plebs VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1890 Conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1891 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1892 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1893 Orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1894 Secessio Secessio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1895 plebis plebi VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1896 Equites equite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1897 Gens Gens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1898 Tribes Tribes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1899 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1900 Naming Naming NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1901 conventions convention NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1902 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1903 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1904 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1905 Adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1906 Slavery Slavery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1907 Bagaudae Bagaudae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1908 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1909 Amphitheatres Amphitheatres NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1910 Aqueducts aqueduct VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1911 Bridges Bridges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1912 Circuses circuse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1913 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1914 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1915 Concrete concrete NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1916 Domes Domes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1917 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1918 Numerals Numerals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1919 Roads Roads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1920 Temples Temples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1921 Theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1922 Sanitation Sanitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1923 Thermae Thermae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1924 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1925 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1926 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1927 Versions Versions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1928 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1929 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1930 Vulgar Vulgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1931 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1932 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1933 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1934 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1935 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1936 Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1937 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1938 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1939 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1940 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1941 Aelius Aelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1942 Donatus Donatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1943 Ammianus Ammianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1944 Marcellinus Marcellinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1945 Appuleius Appuleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1946 Asconius Asconius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1947 Pedianus Pedianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1948 Augustine Augustine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1949 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1950 Victor Victor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1951 Ausonius Ausonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1952 Boëthius Boëthius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1953 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1954 Catullus Catullus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1955 Cassiodorus Cassiodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1956 Censorinus Censorinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1957 Cicero Cicero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1958 Claudian Claudian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1959 Columella Columella NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1960 Cornelius Cornelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1961 Nepos Nepos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1962 Ennius Ennius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1963 Eutropius Eutropius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1964 Fabius Fabius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1965 Pictor Pictor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1966 Sextus Sextus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1967 Pompeius Pompeius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1968 Festus Festus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1969 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1970 Festus Festus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1971 Florus Florus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1972 Frontinus Frontinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1973 Fronto Fronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1974 Fulgentius Fulgentius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1975 Gellius Gellius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1976 Horace Horace NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1977 Hydatius Hydatius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1978 Hyginus Hyginus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1979 Jerome Jerome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1980 Jordanes Jordanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1981 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1982 Paulus Paulus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1983 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1984 Juvenal Juvenal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1985 Lactantius Lactantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1986 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1987 Lucan Lucan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1988 Lucretius Lucretius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1989 Macrobius Macrobius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1990 Marcellus Marcellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1991 Empiricus Empiricus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1992 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1993 Aurelius Aurelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1994 Manilius Manilius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1995 Martial Martial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1996 Nicolaus Nicolaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1997 Damascenus Damascenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1998 Nonius Nonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 1999 Marcellus Marcellus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2000 Obsequens Obsequens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2001 Orosius Orosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2002 Ovid Ovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2003 Petronius Petronius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2004 Phaedrus Phaedrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2005 Plautus Plautus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2006 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2007 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2008 Elder Elder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2009 Pliny Pliny NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2010 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2011 Younger Younger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2012 Pomponius Pomponius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2013 Mela Mela NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2014 Priscian Priscian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2015 Propertius Propertius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2016 Quadrigarius Quadrigarius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2017 Quintilian Quintilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2018 Quintus Quintus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2019 Curtius Curtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2020 Rufus Rufus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2021 Sallust Sallust NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2022 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2023 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2024 Elder eld JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2025 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2026 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2027 Younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2028 Servius Servius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2029 Sidonius Sidonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2030 Apollinaris Apollinaris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2031 Silius Silius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2032 Italicus Italicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2033 Statius Statius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2034 Suetonius Suetonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2035 Symmachus Symmachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2036 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2037 Terence Terence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2038 Tertullian Tertullian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2039 Tibullus Tibullus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2040 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2041 Antias Antias NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2042 Valerius Valerius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2043 Maximus Maximus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2044 Varro Varro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2045 Velleius Velleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2046 Paterculus Paterculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2047 Verrius Verrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2048 Flaccus Flaccus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2049 Vergil Vergil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2050 Vitruvius Vitruvius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2051 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2052 Aelian Aelian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2053 Aëtius Aëtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2054 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2055 Amida Amida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2056 Appian appian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2057 Arrian arrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2058 Cassius Cassius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2059 Dio Dio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2060 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2061 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2062 Diogenes Diogenes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2063 Laërtius Laërtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2064 Dionysius Dionysius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2065 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2066 Halicarnassus Halicarnassus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2067 Dioscorides Dioscorides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2068 Eusebius Eusebius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2069 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2070 Caesaria Caesaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2071 Galen Galen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2072 Herodian Herodian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2073 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2074 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2075 Libanius Libanius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2076 Lucian lucian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2077 Pausanias Pausanias NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2078 Philostratus Philostratus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2079 Phlegon Phlegon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2080 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2081 Tralles Tralles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2082 Photius Photius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2083 Plutarch Plutarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2084 Polyaenus Polyaenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2085 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2086 Porphyrius Porphyrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2087 Priscus Priscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2088 Procopius Procopius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2089 Simplicius Simplicius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2090 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2091 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2092 Sozomen Sozomen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2093 Stephanus Stephanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2094 Byzantinus Byzantinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2095 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2096 Themistius Themistius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2097 Theodoret Theodoret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2098 Zonaras Zonaras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2099 Zosimus Zosimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2100 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2101 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2102 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2103 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2104 Aquileia Aquileia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2105 Berytus Berytus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2106 Bononia Bononia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2107 Carthage Carthage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2108 Constantinopolis Constantinopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2109 Eboracum Eboracum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2110 Leptis Leptis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2111 Magna Magna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2112 Londinium Londinium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2113 Lugdunum Lugdunum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2114 Lutetia Lutetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2115 Mediolanum Mediolanum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2116 Pompeii Pompeii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2117 Ravenna Ravenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2118 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2119 Smyrna Smyrna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2120 Vindobona Vindobona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2121 Volubilis Volubilis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2122 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2123 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2124 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2125 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2126 Cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2127 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2128 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2129 Climate Climate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2130 Consuls Consuls NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2131 Dictators dictator VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2132 Distinguished distinguish VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2133 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2134 Dynasties Dynasties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2135 Emperors Emperors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2136 Generals Generals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2137 Gentes Gentes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2138 Geographers Geographers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2139 Institutions Institutions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2140 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2141 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2142 Legions Legions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2143 Magistri Magistri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2144 equitum equitum NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2145 Nomina Nomina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2146 Pontifices pontifice VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2147 Maximi Maximi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2148 Praetors Praetors NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2149 Quaestors Quaestors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2150 Tribunes Tribunes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2151 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2152 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2153 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2154 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2155 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2156 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2157 battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2158 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2159 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2160 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2161 revolts revolt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2162 Fiction Fiction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2163 Films Films NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2164 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2165 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2166 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2167 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2168 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2169 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2170 Prehistory Prehistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2171 Paleolithic Paleolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2172 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2173 Neolithic Neolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2174 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2175 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2176 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2177 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2178 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2179 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2180 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2181 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2182 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2183 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2184 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2185 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2186 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2187 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2188 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2189 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2190 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2191 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2192 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2193 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2194 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2195 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2196 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2197 Crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2198 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2199 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2200 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2201 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2202 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2203 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2204 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2205 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2206 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2207 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2208 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2209 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2210 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2211 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2212 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2213 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2214 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2215 Migration Migration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2216 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2217 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2218 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2219 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2220 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2221 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2222 Christianization Christianization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2223 Francia Francia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2224 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2225 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2226 Papal Papal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2227 States States NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2228 Bulgarian Bulgarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2229 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2230 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2231 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2232 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2233 republics republic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2234 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2235 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2236 Pisa Pisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2237 Amalfi Amalfi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2238 Viking Viking NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2239 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2240 Kievan Kievan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2241 Rus Rus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2242 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2243 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2244 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2245 Aragon Aragon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2246 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2247 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2248 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2249 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2250 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2251 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2252 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2253 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2254 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2255 Feudalism Feudalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2256 Crusades Crusades NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2257 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2258 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2259 Serbian serbian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2260 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2261 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2262 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2263 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2264 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2265 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2266 Hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2267 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2268 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2269 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2270 Kalmar Kalmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2271 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2272 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2273 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2274 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2275 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2276 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2277 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2278 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2279 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2280 Reformation Reformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2281 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2282 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2283 Discovery Discovery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2284 Baroque Baroque NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2285 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2286 Duchy Duchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2287 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2288 Tuscany Tuscany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2289 Thirty Thirty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2290 Years Years NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2291 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2292 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2293 Absolute Absolute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2294 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2295 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2296 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2297 Portuguese Portuguese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2298 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2299 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2300 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2301 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2302 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2303 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2304 Polish Polish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2305 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2306 Lithuanian lithuanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2307 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2308 Cossack Cossack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2309 Hetmanate Hetmanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2310 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2311 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2312 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2313 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2314 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2315 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2316 Habsburg Habsburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2317 Monarchy Monarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2318 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2319 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2320 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2321 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2322 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2323 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2324 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2325 Divergence Divergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2326 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2327 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2328 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2329 Revolution revolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2330 Napoleonic Napoleonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2331 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2332 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2333 Revolutions Revolutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2334 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2335 1848 1848 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2336 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2337 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2338 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2339 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2340 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2341 Interwar Interwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2342 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2343 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2344 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2345 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2346 Cold Cold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2347 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2348 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2349 integration integration NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2350 COVID-19 COVID-19 , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2351 pandemic pandemic NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2352 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2353 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2354 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2355 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2356 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2357 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2358 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2359 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2360 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2361 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2362 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2363 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2364 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2365 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2366 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2367 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2368 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2369 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2370 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2371 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2372 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2373 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2374 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2375 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2376 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2377 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2378 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2379 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2380 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2381 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2382 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2383 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2384 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2385 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2386 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2387 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2388 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2389 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2390 4009256 4009256 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2391 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2392 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2393 HDS HDS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2394 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2395 029476 029476 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2396 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2397 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2398 n80085269 n80085269 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2399 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2400 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2401 00560706 00560706 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2402 NKC NKC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2403 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2404 ge131496 ge131496 FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2405 VIAF VIAF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2406 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2407 144245245 144245245 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2408 WorldCat WorldCat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2409 Identities Identities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2410 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2411 lccn lccn NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2412 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2413 n80085269 n80085269 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2414 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2415 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2416 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2417 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_Empire&oldid=995891115 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=byzantine_empire&oldid=995891115 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2418 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2419 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2420 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2421 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2422 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2423 286 286 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2424 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2425 330s 330s CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2426 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2427 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2428 disestablishments disestablishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2429 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2430 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2431 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2432 disestablishments disestablishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2433 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2434 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2435 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2436 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2437 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2438 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2439 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2440 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2441 390s 390 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2442 States States NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2443 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2444 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2445 disestablished disestablish VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2446 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2447 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2448 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2449 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2450 Former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2451 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2452 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2453 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2454 Balkans Balkans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2455 Former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2456 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2457 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2458 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2459 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2460 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2461 Former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2462 theocracies theocracy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2463 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2464 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2465 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2466 Harv Harv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2467 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2468 Sfn Sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2469 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2470 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2471 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2472 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2473 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2474 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2475 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2476 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2477 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2478 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2479 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2480 EasyTimeline EasyTimeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2481 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2482 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2483 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2484 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2485 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2486 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2487 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2488 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2489 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2490 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2491 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2492 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2493 dmy dmy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2494 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2495 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2496 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2497 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2498 EngvarB EngvarB NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2499 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2500 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2501 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2502 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2503 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2504 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2505 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2506 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2507 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2508 1453)-language 1453)-language VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2509 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2510 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2511 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2512 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2513 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2514 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2515 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2516 Pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2517 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2518 infobox infobox NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2519 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2520 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2521 infobox infobox VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2522 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2523 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2524 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2525 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2526 flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2527 caption caption NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2528 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2529 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2530 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2531 Pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2532 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2533 infobox infobox NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2534 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2535 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2536 infobox infobox VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2537 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2538 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2539 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2540 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2541 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2542 caption caption NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2543 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2544 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2545 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2546 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2547 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2548 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2549 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2550 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2551 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2552 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2553 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2554 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2555 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2556 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2557 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2558 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2559 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2560 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2561 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2562 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2563 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2564 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2565 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2566 el el NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2567 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2568 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2569 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2570 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2571 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2572 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2573 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2574 el el NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2575 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2576 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2577 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2578 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2579 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2580 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2581 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2582 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2583 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2584 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2585 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2586 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2587 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2588 Featured Featured NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2589 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2590 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2591 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2592 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2593 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2594 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2595 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2596 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2597 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2598 HDS HDS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2599 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2600 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2601 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2602 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2603 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2604 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2605 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2606 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2607 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2608 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2609 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2610 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2611 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2612 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2613 NKC NKC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2614 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2615 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2616 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2617 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2618 VIAF VIAF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2619 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2620 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2621 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2622 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2623 WORLDCATID WORLDCATID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2624 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2625 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2626 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2627 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2628 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2629 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2630 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2631 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2632 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2633 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2634 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2635 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2636 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2637 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2638 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2639 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2640 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2641 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2642 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2643 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2644 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2645 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2646 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2647 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2648 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2649 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2650 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2651 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2652 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2653 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2654 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2655 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2656 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2657 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2658 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2659 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2660 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2661 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2662 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2663 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2664 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2665 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2666 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2667 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2668 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2669 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2670 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2671 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2672 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2673 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2674 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2675 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2676 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2677 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2678 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2679 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2680 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2681 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2682 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2683 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2684 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2685 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2686 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2687 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2688 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2689 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2690 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2691 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2692 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2693 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2694 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2695 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2696 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2697 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2698 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2699 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2700 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2701 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2702 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2703 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2704 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2705 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2706 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2707 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2708 Alemannisch Alemannisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2709 አማርኛ አማርኛ NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2710 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2711 Aragonés Aragonés NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2712 Արեւմտահայերէն Արեւմտահայերէն NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2713 Armãneashti Armãneashti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2714 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2715 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2716 تۆرکجه تۆرکجه NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2717 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2718 Bân Bân NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2719 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2720 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2721 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2722 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2723 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2724 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2725 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2726 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2727 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2728 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2729 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2730 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2731 Буряад Буряад NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2732 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2733 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2734 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2735 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2736 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2737 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2738 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2739 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2740 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2741 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2742 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2743 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2744 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2745 Fiji Fiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2746 Hindi Hindi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2747 Føroyskt Føroyskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2748 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2749 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2750 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2751 Gàidhlig Gàidhlig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2752 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2753 客家語 客家語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2754 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2755 Hak Hak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2756 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2757 kâ kâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2758 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2759 ngî ngî NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2760 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2761 Hausa Hausa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2762 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2763 हिन्दी हिन्दी NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2764 Hornjoserbsce Hornjoserbsce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2765 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2766 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2767 Ilokano Ilokano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2768 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2769 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2770 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2771 Ирон Ирон NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2772 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2773 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2774 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2775 Jawa Jawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2776 Kabɩyɛ Kabɩyɛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2777 ಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ XX en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2778 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2779 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2780 Kiswahili Kiswahili NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2781 Kriyòl Kriyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2782 gwiyannen gwiyannen FW en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2783 Kurdî Kurdî NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2784 Кыргызча Кыргызча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2785 Ladin Ladin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2786 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2787 لۊری لۊری NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2788 شومالی شومالی NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2789 Latina latina JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2790 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2791 Лезги Лезги NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2792 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2793 Limburgs Limburgs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2794 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2795 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2796 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2797 Lumbaart Lumbaart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2798 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2799 Македонски Македонски NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2800 Malagasy Malagasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2801 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2802 Malti Malti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2803 मराठी मराठी NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2804 მარგალური მარგალური NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2805 مصرى مصرى NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2806 مازِرونی مازِرونی NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2807 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2808 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2809 Mirandés Mirandés NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2810 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2811 မြန်မာဘာသာ မြန်မာဘာသာ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2812 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2813 Nedersaksies Nedersaksies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2814 नेपाल नेपाल NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2815 भाषा भाषा NFP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2816 日本語 日本語 NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2817 Napulitano Napulitano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2818 Нохчийн Нохчийн NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2819 Nordfriisk Nordfriisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2820 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2821 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2822 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2823 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2824 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2825 Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2826 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2827 پنجابی پنجابی JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2828 Patois Patois NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2829 Picard Picard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2830 Piemontèis Piemontèis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2831 Plattdüütsch Plattdüütsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2832 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2833 Ποντιακά Ποντιακά VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2834 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2835 Qırımtatarca Qırımtatarca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2836 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2837 Rumantsch Rumantsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2838 Русиньскый Русиньскый NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2839 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2840 Саха Саха NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2841 тыла тыла NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2842 Sardu Sardu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2843 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2844 Shqip Shqip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2845 Sicilianu Sicilianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2846 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2847 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2848 سنڌي سنڌي NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2849 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2850 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2851 کوردی کوردی IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2852 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2853 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2854 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2855 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2856 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2857 српскохрватски српскохрватски NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2858 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2859 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2860 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2861 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2862 Tarandíne Tarandíne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2863 Татарча Татарча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2864 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2865 tatarça tatarça NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2866 ไทย ไทย NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2867 Тоҷикӣ Тоҷикӣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2868 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2869 Türkmençe Türkmençe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2870 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2871 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2872 Vèneto Vèneto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2873 Vepsän Vepsän NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2874 kel kel NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2875 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2876 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2877 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2878 Võro Võro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2879 文言 文言 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2880 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2881 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2882 Vlams Vlams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2883 Winaray Winaray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2884 吴语 吴语 DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2885 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2886 Yorùbá Yorùbá NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2887 粵語 粵語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2888 Zazaki Zazaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2889 Zeêuws Zeêuws NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2890 Žemaitėška Žemaitėška NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2891 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2892 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2893 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2894 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2895 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2896 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2897 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2898 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2899 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2900 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2901 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2902 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2903 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2904 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2905 12:51 12:51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2906   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2907 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2908 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2909 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1692 2056 2910 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-1692 2057 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2058 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2059 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1692 2060 13 statement statement NN