Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. Eric Lease Morgan May 27, 2019 Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 18 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5244 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Fig 3 cell 2 protein 2 mouse 2 Golgi 1 virus 1 vesicle 1 toxin 1 sequence 1 respiratory 1 rat 1 patient 1 p62 1 neutrophil 1 monensin 1 membrane 1 infection 1 infant 1 exposure 1 effect 1 dna 1 cytotoxin 1 codon 1 botulinum 1 apparatus 1 antibody 1 angiotensinogen 1 agg 1 TGEV 1 Sendai 1 RNA 1 Pseudomonas 1 PRCV 1 PMNL 1 PBMC 1 NEC 1 JHMV 1 IgG 1 IgA 1 IVIG 1 IFN 1 HSV 1 HCMV 1 Escherichia 1 ELH 1 EBV 1 Clsternae 1 CUU 1 CMV 1 BCV Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 610 cell 367 virus 325 protein 269 sequence 255 % 254 study 247 membrane 211 rat 197 effect 183 codon 182 infection 180 site 179 mouse 165 patient 165 antibody 157 gene 144 apparatus 142 antigen 135 group 134 day 131 vesicle 130 exposure 120 result 117 animal 115 region 115 disease 111 time 105 concentration 104 sample 104 level 102 frame 93 response 90 expression 89 treatment 89 control 88 system 87 tissue 87 experiment 86 strain 85 p62 85 chain 84 frameshift 83 activity 80 acid 79 c 75 signal 75 compartment 73 type 72 function 72 analysis Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 322 al 301 . 296 et 132 monensin 118 ADA 105 Fig 100 Golgi 68 m 67 RNA 63 angiotensinogen 57 tRNA 57 IgA 54 JHMV 53 mg 51 TGEV 50 IgG 50 Golgl 50 C 49 Table 48 PRCV 45 sera 45 mRNA 44 NEC 42 E. 41 pH 41 IFN 41 CMV 39 II 39 ER 38 M 38 CUU 37 trans 37 monensm 37 CL 35 monensln 34 Clsternae 33 J. 32 Dr. 32 BCV 31 Na 31 M. 31 IVIG 30 Sendai 29 B 27 GVHD 27 DNA 27 A 26 l 26 HA 25 T Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 267 we 146 it 76 i 50 they 16 you 15 one 12 us 11 he 10 them 8 she 8 itself 3 themselves 3 iga1 1 u 1 pgem2dhfr Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 3182 be 470 have 236 use 234 show 154 occur 148 do 126 contain 102 induce 99 observe 95 suggest 94 infect 90 frameshifte 90 follow 88 find 88 describe 85 see 83 indicate 83 cause 78 appear 72 give 70 result 70 bind 69 include 66 compare 64 determine 63 produce 62 expose 61 obtain 61 associate 60 demonstrate 59 involve 59 increase 57 label 52 isolate 51 note 50 treat 50 reduce 50 provide 49 require 48 report 47 inhibit 46 express 45 derive 44 remain 44 affect 43 make 43 add 42 test 42 know 41 inactivate Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 335 not 149 also 141 viral 140 - 135 other 128 only 116 low 116 high 102 specific 100 however 99 different 91 well 86 most 84 small 77 human 76 as 74 such 72 then 71 respiratory 71 more 69 first 68 large 67 anti 65 early 64 immune 62 present 61 clinical 60 several 56 secretory 56 positive 52 important 51 thus 50 nucleotide 50 less 50 immature 49 significant 47 similar 47 same 46 infectious 43 second 42 very 42 even 41 non 41 cellular 39 fetal 38 normal 38 further 37 acute 36 severe 36 possible Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 most 18 least 9 high 4 Most 3 small 3 near 3 low 3 large 3 bad 2 good 2 early 2 common 1 ~u-~~P 1 ~onophore 1 great 1 -specific 1 -SE Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63 most 7 least 2 well Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 study was not 3 mice were 6-week 3 mice were significantly 3 sequence does not 3 sequences were undetectable 2 ada is rapidly 2 animal are not 2 antigens are not 2 cells are highly 2 effects were insignificant 2 monensin is most 2 monensin is not 2 proteins are also 2 rats were not 2 sequences are present 2 site is unoccupied 1 % is often 1 . are essential 1 . had few 1 ada did not 1 ada is capable 1 ada is quantitatively 1 ada using potassium 1 ada were not 1 ada were significantly 1 animal is less 1 animals are much 1 animals are secondary 1 animals found dead 1 animals had suppurative 1 animals had titers 1 animals having positive 1 animals were not 1 animals were pentobarbital 1 antibodies appear early 1 antibodies are monoclonal 1 antibodies were not 1 antibodies were present 1 antibody bound only 1 antibody does not 1 antibody results mostly 1 antigen are present 1 antigen did not 1 antigen was electrophoretically 1 antigen was scanty 1 antigens are detectable 1 antigens is responsible 1 antigens was comparable 1 antigens were already 1 antigens were comparable Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 animal are not well 1 % showed no antibody 1 ada were not significantly 1 animal showed no cytoplasmic 1 animals were not as 1 antibodies were not available 1 antigens are not readily 1 antigens are not virusspecific 1 cell is not too 1 cells have not yet 1 exposure were not present 1 genes has no detectable 1 membrane are not necessary 1 mice had no demonstrable 1 monensin is not clear 1 monensin is not present 1 patients is not clear 1 protein has no role 1 protein is not sufficient 1 protein was not completely 1 proteins are not m 1 rats were not significantly 1 region has no role 1 studies were not conclusive Sizes of items; "Measures in words, how big is each item?" ---------------------------------------------------------- 12395 cord-009371-ub4p4ngr 10576 cord-327883-s9nbr5y8 9563 cord-321868-xk4yuibj 8031 cord-300796-rmjv56ia 6479 cord-104223-ht3ry9i0 6254 cord-032982-xri24v40 4992 cord-006237-oxbquzeg 4408 cord-004657-kmluql8h 3778 cord-303662-ro9879dl 3572 cord-347246-0vofftmj 3495 cord-004866-slqje8cq 3392 cord-006393-jcj9nqfu 3199 cord-260109-vgbrwegt 3198 cord-010036-6czkzek0 3180 cord-269358-dm3mdqhl 3023 cord-263025-mmdeyph3 2437 cord-325740-ak7bf0gq 2412 cord-004656-n4h295e5 Readability of items; "How difficult is each item to read?" ----------------------------------------------------------- 65.0 cord-321868-xk4yuibj 60.0 cord-032982-xri24v40 60.0 cord-263025-mmdeyph3 57.0 cord-004656-n4h295e5 57.0 cord-300796-rmjv56ia 56.0 cord-004866-slqje8cq 53.0 cord-260109-vgbrwegt 52.0 cord-010036-6czkzek0 51.0 cord-104223-ht3ry9i0 51.0 cord-325740-ak7bf0gq 48.0 cord-004657-kmluql8h 48.0 cord-303662-ro9879dl 48.0 cord-327883-s9nbr5y8 46.0 cord-009371-ub4p4ngr 45.0 cord-006237-oxbquzeg 45.0 cord-006393-jcj9nqfu 42.0 cord-269358-dm3mdqhl 28.0 cord-347246-0vofftmj Item summaries; "In a narrative form, how can each item be abstracted?" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- cord-004656-n4h295e5 In an effort to determine if this phenomenon is specific to the rat or applicable to other species, we compared the ontogenic changes in hepatic and renal angiotensinogen mRNA expression in fetal (60, 90, 118, and 138 d of gestation, term being 145 d), newborn (7 d postnatal), and adult sheep. Angiotensinogen mRNA sequences were detected in all fetal liver samples and appeared to increase 3-fold from 60 to 138 d gestation and then to decrease after birth. In an effort to determine if this phenomenon is specific to the rat or applicable to other species, we compared the ontogenic Received January 18, 1990 ; accepted April 16, 1990 changes in hepatic and renal angiotensinogen gene expression during the last trimester of gestation in fetal sheep. Northern blot analysis of liver and kidney RNA from fetal sheep (1 18 and 138 d gestational age) 1 and newborn lamb are shown in Figure 3 . cord-004657-kmluql8h title: Prophylaxis of necrotizing enterocolitis by oral IgA-IgG: Review of a clinical study in low birth weight infants and discussion of the pathogenic role of infection Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease and an important cause of morbidity and mortality among premature, low birth weight infants (1) . There we described the effective prophylaxis of NEC by administration of an oral IgA-IgG preparation in low birth weight infants for whom breast milk from their mothers was not available. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether feeding of an oral IgA-IgG preparation to low birth weight infants for whom breast milk is not available can effectively prevent NEC. That the IgA-IgG feeding prevented NEC in our study has been further confirmed by the experience that, after termination of the study, the incidence of NEC among all low birth weight infants admitted to our hospital was again comparable to the incidence observed in the control group. cord-004866-slqje8cq Like [(125)I] labeled material from Pseudomonas aeruginosa this polypeptide bound to membrane preparations from Ehrlich ascites cells, as evidenced by sedimentation through a sucrose gradient at neutral pH. Expression of the cytotoxin gene in Escherichia coli was inducible with IPTG (compare lanes 1 and 2 in Fig. 5 B) , again yielding material that migrated like the non-processed form of the cytotoxin in SDS-PAGE (compare with lane 4). We have established the sequence of a pore-forming cytotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by determining the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein and sequencing of the structural gene, as identified by a pool of synthetic oligonucleotides. Within the N-terminal domain, a remarkable homology to a pentapeptide consensus sequence (TonB-box), commonly found in outer membrane receptor proteins of the Escherichia coli iron transport system, was detected. Pseudomonas aerugmosa cytotoxin: The nucleotide sequence of the gene and the mechanism of activation of the protein cord-006237-oxbquzeg The oxygen radical production was measured by luminol (0.4 mmol/1 test) and/or lucigenin (0.23 retool/1 test) enhanced chemiluminescence response (CL) (Biolumat LB 9505, Berthold) in absence or in presence of different stimuli, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP, Sigma; 3.5 • 10-6 tool/1 test), zymosan A (Sigma; 3.5 mg/ml test), latex (Unisphere latex 22, 0.8 gin, Serva; 2 gl/ml test), lipopolysaccharide (LPS from E. The aim of the present study was to examine, if PGE 1 might 80 influence injury to EC, caused by LPS-primed neutrophils, and furthermore, if this effect could be explained by a diminished oxygen radical production, measured by chemiluminescence (CL). Addition of 0.1 gg of radical trap (MDTQ-DA) to each zymosan stimulated whole blood sample reduced CL response by 7 0 -90 p.c. Following induction of haemorrhagic-necrotising pancreatitis, high quantities of toxic oxygen metabolites are released from pancreatic tissue, contributing to the development of MOF. cord-006393-jcj9nqfu The role of bone marrow transplantation is to restore lymphohematopoietic function of a recipient whose marrow has been destroyed, either by disease or by the preparative therapy employed in an attempt to eradicate the patient''s lymphohematopoietic malignancy. There are several risk factors for the development of interstitial pneumonia such as TBI (if the lung dose exceeds 600 rads), acute GVHD, increased age of the patient, CMV seropositivity of the patient before the transplant, transfusion of blood products from CMV-positive donors, inability to generate an antiviral cytotoxicity (which is very common in the postengraftment phase), and inability to mount a humoral antibody response. Investigators from UCLA, Minnesota, and Sloan-Kettering all showed, in reasonably well-controlled studies, that the incidence of CMV interstitial pneumonia was reduced in patients given high-titered antibody preparations compared to that in the control group. The low incidence of CMV interstitial pneumonia in this group indicated that IVIG might be effective in the CMV-seronegative patient even when receiving a seropositive donor graft. cord-009371-ub4p4ngr cord-010036-6czkzek0 title: Treatment of idiopathic spasmodic torticollis with botulinum‐A toxin: a pilot study of 19 patients Nineteen patients with spasmodic torticollis, unresponsive to standard therapy, were administered local injections of botulinum‐A toxin into the affected muscles. Botulinum toxin is a very effective and safe method of treatment for spasmodic torticollis, (Med J Aust 1990; 152: 528-530) T he term "dystonia" was coined by Oppenheim in 1911 1 in describing six patients with alterations in muscle tone, sustained posturing and involuntary movements. A 48-year-old male mechanic suffering from haemochromatosis, which was treated with weekly venesections, developed spasmodic torticollis 18 months before he was referred for botulinum toxin treatment. In up to 15% of patients with ST the symptoms may remit in the first five years of the illness, so some cases of improvement may be examples of a natural remission hastened by botulinum toxin injections. Controlled trial of botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis cord-032982-xri24v40 The objective of the studies reported here was to describe the toxic effects in rats and mice of inhalation exposure for 2 or 13 weeks to airborne concentrations of ADA as high as 200 mg/m 3 . In the 2-week study, serum (approximately 0.5 ml) was obtained from five male and five female rats and mice 3 days prior to the first day of exposure, and was analyzed for antibody titers to specific bacteria and viruses (Mycoplasma pulmonis, M. At the end of the 13-week study, serum from 5 male and 5 female rats from all exposure groups and controls (40 rats total) were analyzed for titers to Sendai virus, PVM, RCV/SDA, and Mycoplasma. There were no significant differences in methemoglobin levels or acetylcholinesterase activities in whole blood of male and female rats or mice exposed to any concentration of ADA, when compared to controls. cord-104223-ht3ry9i0 Bioactive peptides cleaved from the egg-laying hormone precursor in the bag cell neurons of Aplysia are sorted into distinct dense core vesicle classes (DCVs). All other changes were minor in comparison, and in the compartments important in these studies-small and large immature vesicles, clear vesicles, and Golgi apparatus-the results between calculations at three HD values differ by no more than 5 % in any experiment. Both amino and carboxy terminal-associated radioactivity are transported through the Golgi stacks and enter small immature DCVs (defined by membrane extensions, connection to tubules, or nonspherical morphology) and clear vesicles after a 30-min pulse and 30-min chase (Fig. 4 B, Fig. 5 , and Table I ). After the initial cleavage event, the ELH-containing carboxy-terminal intermediate condenses in one region of the TGN (small immature vesicles) and the amino-terminal bag cell peptide-containing intermediate condenses in another region of the TGN (large immature vesicles). cord-260109-vgbrwegt Furthermore, addition of anti-MHC (class II) mAb during PBMC incubation with virus-infected cells reduced IFN yields, suggesting that masking of these surface antigens alters PBMC responsiveness to IFN induction. Moreover, experiments in which IFN0c production was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed at some epitopes of the TGEV glycoprotein E1 suggested that a defined domain of this transmembrane viral protein played a key role in the IFN0t induction process (Charley and Laurie, 1988) . In the present report, we analysed the nature of lymphocyte subpopulation(s) responsive to IFNa induction by TGEV-infected cell monolayers by using cell-depletion experiments with mAb plus complement. In addition, IFN induction-blocking experiments conducted with anti-MHC (SLA, swine leukocyte antigens) class II mAb without complement suggest a functional role for these membrane molecules in the IFN induction process. However, two preparations of anti-SLA class II mAb (TH22A5 and MSA3) could directly block IFN induction when added during co-incubation of PBMC with i''GEV-infected fixed monolayers or TGE alone (5 independent experiments). cord-263025-mmdeyph3 title: Sows infected in pregnancy with porcine respiratory coronavirus show no evidence of protecting their sucking piglets against transmissible gastroenteritis On the basis of weight gain, clinical signs and survival, no differences in response to challenge was detected when piglets suckled by PRCV inoculated sows were compared with those suckled by uninoculated sows. On the basis of weight gain, clinical signs and survival, no differences in response to challenge was detected when piglets suckled by PRCV inoculated sows were compared with those suckled by uninoculated sows. Such a difference was evident when the litters of sows successfully pm-immunized with TGEV were compared with those of uninoculated or PRCV-inoculated sows. A lyophilized stock of the virus which had been passaged three times in primary pig kidney monolayers (PPKM) was passaged once more, either in PPKM or in a five-day-old colostrum-deprived piglet, to provide the virus for inoculation of the pregnant sows. cord-269358-dm3mdqhl Influenza antigens inactivated with 1·7 Mrad displayed comparable potency, sensitivity, specificity and stability to those inactivated by standard procedures with beta-propiolactone (BPL). Gamma radiation is safer than chemical inactivation procedures and is a reliable and effective replacement for BPL in preparing diagnostic reagents. Because of the potential carcinogenic hazard to the laboratorian associated with the use of BPL1'' and the deleterious effects of BPL on some hemagglutinating (HA) antigens, our laboratory investigated inactivation ofviral reagents by gamma radiation from a cobalt-60 source. i5 The CDC Inventoryil of reference antigens and antisera were used as test controls and for evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of all radiation-inactivated reagents. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine the amount of gamma radiation required to inactivate the infectivity of 13 influenza virus strains. These viruses were inactivated by gamma radiation of 0.42 to 3.70 Mrad without adverse effect on the potency, sensitivity or specificity of the antigen. cord-300796-rmjv56ia In this work we show that the p62 protein of Semliki Forest virus contains an uncleaved signal sequence at its NH2-terminus and that this becomes glycosylated early during synthesis and translocation of the p62 polypeptide. As the glycosylation of the signal sequence most likely occurs after its release from the ER membrane our results suggest that this region has no role in completing the transfer process. Furthermore, the p62-reporter hybrid should be translocated across microsomal membranes and possibly glycosylated at Asn~3 of the p62 sequence if the 40 residues long NH2-terminal p62 peptide carries a signal sequence. This must involve Asn~3 of the p62 peptide as it is part of the only potential glycosylation site on the hybrid polypeptides (Garoff et al., 1980 ; references on dhfr sequence in legend to Fig. 1) , Finally, we can also conclude that the p62 signal sequence does not provide a stable membrane anchor to the translocated chain. cord-303662-ro9879dl Un-In view of the finding that whole body irradiairradiated mice demonstrated intense disease at tion at day 6 p.i. prevents JHMV-induced paraday 9 p.i. By contrast, mice given 850 rad at day 6 lytic-demyelinating disease, differential irradiation p.i. had few histological changes at day 9 p.i. In studies were conducted to determine whether critiaddition, a second mouse strain, BALB/cJ mice cal radiosensitive targets reside in the systemic or a Immune donor mice were 6-week-old C57BL/6J males given 106 PFU of JHMV 2.2-V-1 i.p. 6 days prior to transfer. These they resemble the original JHMV isolates, which experiments indicate that populations of murine in early passages primarily caused a nonfatal paradonor spleen cells, which are enriched for T lytic disease (Bailey et al., 1949; Cheever et al., lymphocytes and appear to be MHC-restricted, 1949) ; only after many i.c. passages did the virus restore demyelination to infected, irradiated re-acquire marked neurovirulence. cord-321868-xk4yuibj Our tRNA overproduction data suggest that a leucyl-tRNA, probably tRNALeu UAG, an unusual leucine isoacceptor that recognizes all six leucine codons, slips from CUU-Leu onto UUA-Leu (in the +1 reading frame) during a translational pause at the AGG-Arg codon induced by the low availability of tRNAArg CCU, encoded by a single-copy essential gene. In these systems, a simultaneous slippage of tRNAs in the A and P sites of the translating ribosome on the homopolymeric sequence results in a frameshift to the pro orpol reading frame and suppression of the gag frame termination codon. The 14 nucleotide frameshift site has a Gln residue (rather than His) following Gly. The amino acid sequence through the 14 nucleotide site confirms the Gln residue after Gly (data not shown), supporting the notion that translation shifts to the +l reading frame by peptidyl-tRNA slippage on the CUU-Leu codon. cord-325740-ak7bf0gq Abstract Expression of bovine coronavirus (BCV) antigen in the plasmalemma of epithelioid human rectal tumor (HRT-18) and fibroblastic bovine fetal spleen (BFS) cell lines was traced by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy facilitated by colloidal gold. Analysis of the labeling characteristics established that the goldmarked-sites represented de novo expression of BCV antigen in the plasma membrane of infected cells. Bovine fetal spleen (BFS) cells are highly susceptible to BCV-induced cell fusion if trypsin is added to the medium of infected cultures. Viral antigen did not increase in the plasma membrane after the onset of cell fusion in infected BFS cell cultures. The differences among infected BFS and HRT-18 cells in the surface expression of viral antigen and fusion might result from the kinetics and mechanisms of protein expression and the differences in the composition of the two plasma membranes. cord-327883-s9nbr5y8 By improving the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HSV-2-antibodies and additional testing of sera by Western blot, we were able to specifically identify HSV-l-and HSV-2-antibodies in serum samples. To get some insight into the molecular basis of processes controlling the viral expression we studied the sequence-specific DNA-protein interactions within the genomic regulatory regions. for Med. Microbiology, Univ., D-5300 Bonn Semiquantitative detection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA in sera of infected individuals has become an important means of modern serological hepatitis diagnostics. THOMSSEN 1 In the course of acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection IgM antibodies always occur against two cellular antigens that were characterized as proteins with a molecular weight of 26 kD (p26) and 29 kD (p29), respectively. The frequency and specificity of antibodies to P-gene encoded proteins of human hepatitis B virus was tested in sera of acute and chronically infected patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). cord-347246-0vofftmj This paper reviews several important infectious diseases of the upper airway of rats and mice and discusses the potential influence of these conditions on the results of toxicology studies. All three agents cause significant rodent respiratory disease, with lesions in the upper airways, including the nasal passages. Although there are many excellent descriptive studies ofthe histogenesis of Sendai virus-induced lesions within the lower respiratory tract, few pathology reports include a description of lesions in the nasal cavity and upper airway. Although numerous bacteria can infect the upper airway of the rat and mouse, they are not generally prevalent in well-conducted toxicology studies begun with animals free of adventitious murine pathogens and maintained with modern methods of laboratory animal husbandry. A variety of important microbial pathogens including viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria, and fungi infect the upper respiratory tract of the mouse and rat and result in significant pathologic alterations.